/**************************************************************************** ** ** Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd. ** Copyright (C) 2016 Intel Corporation. ** Copyright (C) 2012 Olivier Goffart ** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/ ** ** This file is part of the QtCore module of the Qt Toolkit. ** ** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$ ** Commercial License Usage ** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in ** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the ** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in ** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms ** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further ** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us. ** ** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage ** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser ** General Public License version 3 as published by the Free Software ** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL3 included in the ** packaging of this file. Please review the following information to ** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 requirements ** will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.html. ** ** GNU General Public License Usage ** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU ** General Public License version 2.0 or (at your option) the GNU General ** Public license version 3 or any later version approved by the KDE Free ** Qt Foundation. The licenses are as published by the Free Software ** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL2 and LICENSE.GPL3 ** included in the packaging of this file. Please review the following ** information to ensure the GNU General Public License requirements will ** be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html and ** https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html. ** ** $QT_END_LICENSE$ ** ****************************************************************************/ #include "qplatformdefs.h" #include "qmutex.h" #include #include "qatomic.h" #include "qelapsedtimer.h" #include "qthread.h" #include "qmutex_p.h" #ifndef QT_LINUX_FUTEX #include "private/qfreelist_p.h" #endif QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE static inline bool isRecursive(QMutexData *d) { quintptr u = quintptr(d); if (Q_LIKELY(u <= 0x3)) return false; #ifdef QT_LINUX_FUTEX Q_ASSERT(d->recursive); return true; #else return d->recursive; #endif } class QRecursiveMutexPrivate : public QMutexData { public: QRecursiveMutexPrivate() : QMutexData(QMutex::Recursive), owner(0), count(0) {} // written to by the thread that first owns 'mutex'; // read during attempts to acquire ownership of 'mutex' from any other thread: QAtomicPointer::type> owner; // only ever accessed from the thread that owns 'mutex': uint count; QMutex mutex; bool lock(int timeout) QT_MUTEX_LOCK_NOEXCEPT; void unlock() noexcept; }; /* \class QBasicMutex \inmodule QtCore \brief QMutex POD \internal \ingroup thread - Can be used as global static object. - Always non-recursive - Do not use tryLock with timeout > 0, else you can have a leak (see the ~QMutex destructor) */ /*! \class QMutex \inmodule QtCore \brief The QMutex class provides access serialization between threads. \threadsafe \ingroup thread The purpose of a QMutex is to protect an object, data structure or section of code so that only one thread can access it at a time (this is similar to the Java \c synchronized keyword). It is usually best to use a mutex with a QMutexLocker since this makes it easy to ensure that locking and unlocking are performed consistently. For example, say there is a method that prints a message to the user on two lines: \snippet code/src_corelib_thread_qmutex.cpp 0 If these two methods are called in succession, the following happens: \snippet code/src_corelib_thread_qmutex.cpp 1 If these two methods are called simultaneously from two threads then the following sequence could result: \snippet code/src_corelib_thread_qmutex.cpp 2 If we add a mutex, we should get the result we want: \snippet code/src_corelib_thread_qmutex.cpp 3 Then only one thread can modify \c number at any given time and the result is correct. This is a trivial example, of course, but applies to any other case where things need to happen in a particular sequence. When you call lock() in a thread, other threads that try to call lock() in the same place will block until the thread that got the lock calls unlock(). A non-blocking alternative to lock() is tryLock(). QMutex is optimized to be fast in the non-contended case. A non-recursive QMutex will not allocate memory if there is no contention on that mutex. It is constructed and destroyed with almost no overhead, which means it is fine to have many mutexes as part of other classes. \sa QRecursiveMutex, QMutexLocker, QReadWriteLock, QSemaphore, QWaitCondition */ /*! \enum QMutex::RecursionMode \value Recursive In this mode, a thread can lock the same mutex multiple times and the mutex won't be unlocked until a corresponding number of unlock() calls have been made. You should use QRecursiveMutex for this use-case. \value NonRecursive In this mode, a thread may only lock a mutex once. \sa QMutex(), QRecursiveMutex */ /*! \fn QMutex::QMutex() Constructs a new mutex. The mutex is created in an unlocked state. */ /*! Constructs a new mutex. The mutex is created in an unlocked state. If \a mode is QMutex::Recursive, a thread can lock the same mutex multiple times and the mutex won't be unlocked until a corresponding number of unlock() calls have been made. Otherwise a thread may only lock a mutex once. The default is QMutex::NonRecursive. Recursive mutexes are slower and take more memory than non-recursive ones. \sa lock(), unlock() */ QMutex::QMutex(RecursionMode mode) { d_ptr.storeRelaxed(mode == Recursive ? new QRecursiveMutexPrivate : 0); } /*! Destroys the mutex. \warning Destroying a locked mutex may result in undefined behavior. */ QMutex::~QMutex() { QMutexData *d = d_ptr.loadRelaxed(); if (isRecursive()) { delete static_cast(d); } else if (d) { #ifndef QT_LINUX_FUTEX if (d != dummyLocked() && static_cast(d)->possiblyUnlocked.loadRelaxed() && tryLock()) { unlock(); return; } #endif qWarning("QMutex: destroying locked mutex"); } } /*! \fn void QMutex::lock() \fn QRecursiveMutex::lock() Locks the mutex. If another thread has locked the mutex then this call will block until that thread has unlocked it. Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread is allowed if this mutex is a \l{QRecursiveMutex}{recursive mutex}. If this mutex is a \l{QMutex}{non-recursive mutex}, this function will \e dead-lock when the mutex is locked recursively. \sa unlock() */ void QMutex::lock() QT_MUTEX_LOCK_NOEXCEPT { QMutexData *current; if (fastTryLock(current)) return; if (QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(isRecursive)(current)) static_cast(current)->lock(-1); else lockInternal(); } /*! \fn bool QMutex::tryLock(int timeout) \fn bool QRecursiveMutex::tryLock(int timeout) Attempts to lock the mutex. This function returns \c true if the lock was obtained; otherwise it returns \c false. If another thread has locked the mutex, this function will wait for at most \a timeout milliseconds for the mutex to become available. Note: Passing a negative number as the \a timeout is equivalent to calling lock(), i.e. this function will wait forever until mutex can be locked if \a timeout is negative. If the lock was obtained, the mutex must be unlocked with unlock() before another thread can successfully lock it. Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread is allowed if this mutex is a \l{QRecursiveMutex}{recursive mutex}. If this mutex is a \l{QMutex}{non-recursive mutex}, this function will \e always return false when attempting to lock the mutex recursively. \sa lock(), unlock() */ bool QMutex::tryLock(int timeout) QT_MUTEX_LOCK_NOEXCEPT { QMutexData *current; if (fastTryLock(current)) return true; if (QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(isRecursive)(current)) return static_cast(current)->lock(timeout); else return lockInternal(timeout); } /*! \fn bool QMutex::try_lock() \fn bool QRecursiveMutex::try_lock() \since 5.8 Attempts to lock the mutex. This function returns \c true if the lock was obtained; otherwise it returns \c false. This function is provided for compatibility with the Standard Library concept \c Lockable. It is equivalent to tryLock(). The function returns \c true if the lock was obtained; otherwise it returns \c false */ /*! \fn template bool QMutex::try_lock_for(std::chrono::duration duration) \fn template bool QRecursiveMutex::try_lock_for(std::chrono::duration duration) \since 5.8 Attempts to lock the mutex. This function returns \c true if the lock was obtained; otherwise it returns \c false. If another thread has locked the mutex, this function will wait for at least \a duration for the mutex to become available. Note: Passing a negative duration as the \a duration is equivalent to calling try_lock(). This behavior differs from tryLock(). If the lock was obtained, the mutex must be unlocked with unlock() before another thread can successfully lock it. Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread is allowed if this mutex is a \l{QRecursiveMutex}{recursive mutex}. If this mutex is a \l{QMutex}{non-recursive mutex}, this function will \e always return false when attempting to lock the mutex recursively. \sa lock(), unlock() */ /*! \fn template bool QMutex::try_lock_until(std::chrono::time_point timePoint) \fn template bool QRecursiveMutex::try_lock_until(std::chrono::time_point timePoint) \since 5.8 Attempts to lock the mutex. This function returns \c true if the lock was obtained; otherwise it returns \c false. If another thread has locked the mutex, this function will wait at least until \a timePoint for the mutex to become available. Note: Passing a \a timePoint which has already passed is equivalent to calling try_lock(). This behavior differs from tryLock(). If the lock was obtained, the mutex must be unlocked with unlock() before another thread can successfully lock it. Calling this function multiple times on the same mutex from the same thread is allowed if this mutex is a \l{QRecursiveMutex}{recursive mutex}. If this mutex is a \l{QMutex}{non-recursive mutex}, this function will \e always return false when attempting to lock the mutex recursively. \sa lock(), unlock() */ /*! \fn void QMutex::unlock() \fn void QRecursiveMutex::unlock() Unlocks the mutex. Attempting to unlock a mutex in a different thread to the one that locked it results in an error. Unlocking a mutex that is not locked results in undefined behavior. \sa lock() */ void QMutex::unlock() noexcept { QMutexData *current; if (fastTryUnlock(current)) return; if (QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(isRecursive)(current)) static_cast(current)->unlock(); else unlockInternal(); } /*! \fn bool QMutex::isRecursive() const \since 5.7 Returns \c true if the mutex is recursive. */ bool QBasicMutex::isRecursive() noexcept { return QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(isRecursive)(d_ptr.loadAcquire()); } /*! \since 5.7 Returns \c true if the mutex is recursive. */ bool QBasicMutex::isRecursive() const noexcept { return QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(isRecursive)(d_ptr.loadAcquire()); } /*! \class QRecursiveMutex \inmodule QtCore \since 5.14 \brief The QRecursiveMutex class provides access serialization between threads. \threadsafe \ingroup thread The QRecursiveMutex class is a mutex, like QMutex, with which it is API-compatible. It differs from QMutex by accepting lock() calls from the same thread any number of times. QMutex would deadlock in this situation. QRecursiveMutex is much more expensive to construct and operate on, so use a plain QMutex whenever you can. Sometimes, one public function, however, calls another public function, and they both need to lock the same mutex. In this case, you have two options: \list \li Factor the code that needs mutex protection into private functions, which assume that the mutex is held when they are called, and lock a plain QMutex in the public functions before you call the private implementation ones. \li Or use a recursive mutex, so it doesn't matter that the first public function has already locked the mutex when the second one wishes to do so. \endlist \sa QMutex, QMutexLocker, QReadWriteLock, QSemaphore, QWaitCondition */ /*! Constructs a new recursive mutex. The mutex is created in an unlocked state. \sa lock(), unlock() */ QRecursiveMutex::QRecursiveMutex() : QMutex() { d_ptr.storeRelaxed(new QRecursiveMutexPrivate); } /*! Destroys the mutex. \warning Destroying a locked mutex may result in undefined behavior. */ QRecursiveMutex::~QRecursiveMutex() { delete static_cast(d_ptr.fetchAndStoreAcquire(nullptr)); } /*! \class QMutexLocker \inmodule QtCore \brief The QMutexLocker class is a convenience class that simplifies locking and unlocking mutexes. \threadsafe \ingroup thread Locking and unlocking a QMutex in complex functions and statements or in exception handling code is error-prone and difficult to debug. QMutexLocker can be used in such situations to ensure that the state of the mutex is always well-defined. QMutexLocker should be created within a function where a QMutex needs to be locked. The mutex is locked when QMutexLocker is created. You can unlock and relock the mutex with \c unlock() and \c relock(). If locked, the mutex will be unlocked when the QMutexLocker is destroyed. For example, this complex function locks a QMutex upon entering the function and unlocks the mutex at all the exit points: \snippet code/src_corelib_thread_qmutex.cpp 4 This example function will get more complicated as it is developed, which increases the likelihood that errors will occur. Using QMutexLocker greatly simplifies the code, and makes it more readable: \snippet code/src_corelib_thread_qmutex.cpp 5 Now, the mutex will always be unlocked when the QMutexLocker object is destroyed (when the function returns since \c locker is an auto variable). The same principle applies to code that throws and catches exceptions. An exception that is not caught in the function that has locked the mutex has no way of unlocking the mutex before the exception is passed up the stack to the calling function. QMutexLocker also provides a \c mutex() member function that returns the mutex on which the QMutexLocker is operating. This is useful for code that needs access to the mutex, such as QWaitCondition::wait(). For example: \snippet code/src_corelib_thread_qmutex.cpp 6 \sa QReadLocker, QWriteLocker, QMutex */ /*! \fn QMutexLocker::QMutexLocker(QMutex *mutex) Constructs a QMutexLocker and locks \a mutex. The mutex will be unlocked when the QMutexLocker is destroyed. If \a mutex is zero, QMutexLocker does nothing. \sa QMutex::lock() */ /*! \fn QMutexLocker::QMutexLocker(QRecursiveMutex *mutex) \since 5.14 Constructs a QMutexLocker and locks \a mutex. The mutex will be unlocked (unlock() called) when the QMutexLocker is destroyed. If \a mutex is \nullptr, QMutexLocker does nothing. \sa QMutex::lock() */ /*! \fn QMutexLocker::~QMutexLocker() Destroys the QMutexLocker and unlocks the mutex that was locked in the constructor. \sa QMutex::unlock() */ /*! \fn void QMutexLocker::unlock() Unlocks this mutex locker. You can use \c relock() to lock it again. It does not need to be locked when destroyed. \sa relock() */ /*! \fn void QMutexLocker::relock() Relocks an unlocked mutex locker. \sa unlock() */ /*! \fn QMutex *QMutexLocker::mutex() const Returns the mutex on which the QMutexLocker is operating. */ #ifndef QT_LINUX_FUTEX //linux implementation is in qmutex_linux.cpp /* For a rough introduction on how this works, refer to http://woboq.com/blog/internals-of-qmutex-in-qt5.html which explains a slightly simplified version of it. The differences are that here we try to work with timeout (requires the possiblyUnlocked flag) and that we only wake one thread when unlocking (requires maintaining the waiters count) We also support recursive mutexes which always have a valid d_ptr. The waiters flag represents the number of threads that are waiting or about to wait on the mutex. There are two tricks to keep in mind: We don't want to increment waiters after we checked no threads are waiting (waiters == 0). That's why we atomically set the BigNumber flag on waiters when we check waiters. Similarly, if waiters is decremented right after we checked, the mutex would be unlocked (d->wakeUp() has (or will) be called), but there is no thread waiting. This is only happening if there was a timeout in tryLock at the same time as the mutex is unlocked. So when there was a timeout, we set the possiblyUnlocked flag. */ /*! \internal helper for lock() */ void QBasicMutex::lockInternal() QT_MUTEX_LOCK_NOEXCEPT { lockInternal(-1); } /*! \internal helper for lock(int) */ bool QBasicMutex::lockInternal(int timeout) QT_MUTEX_LOCK_NOEXCEPT { Q_ASSERT(!isRecursive()); while (!fastTryLock()) { QMutexData *copy = d_ptr.loadAcquire(); if (!copy) // if d is 0, the mutex is unlocked continue; if (copy == dummyLocked()) { if (timeout == 0) return false; // The mutex is locked but does not have a QMutexPrivate yet. // we need to allocate a QMutexPrivate QMutexPrivate *newD = QMutexPrivate::allocate(); if (!d_ptr.testAndSetOrdered(dummyLocked(), newD)) { //Either the mutex is already unlocked, or another thread already set it. newD->deref(); continue; } copy = newD; //the d->refCount is already 1 the deref will occurs when we unlock } QMutexPrivate *d = static_cast(copy); if (timeout == 0 && !d->possiblyUnlocked.loadRelaxed()) return false; // At this point we have a pointer to a QMutexPrivate. But the other thread // may unlock the mutex at any moment and release the QMutexPrivate to the pool. // We will try to reference it to avoid unlock to release it to the pool to make // sure it won't be released. But if the refcount is already 0 it has been released. if (!d->ref()) continue; //that QMutexData was already released // We now hold a reference to the QMutexPrivate. It won't be released and re-used. // But it is still possible that it was already re-used by another QMutex right before // we did the ref(). So check if we still hold a pointer to the right mutex. if (d != d_ptr.loadAcquire()) { //Either the mutex is already unlocked, or relocked with another mutex d->deref(); continue; } // In this part, we will try to increment the waiters count. // We just need to take care of the case in which the old_waiters // is set to the BigNumber magic value set in unlockInternal() int old_waiters; do { old_waiters = d->waiters.loadRelaxed(); if (old_waiters == -QMutexPrivate::BigNumber) { // we are unlocking, and the thread that unlocks is about to change d to 0 // we try to acquire the mutex by changing to dummyLocked() if (d_ptr.testAndSetAcquire(d, dummyLocked())) { // Mutex acquired d->deref(); return true; } else { Q_ASSERT(d != d_ptr.loadRelaxed()); //else testAndSetAcquire should have succeeded // Mutex is likely to bo 0, we should continue the outer-loop, // set old_waiters to the magic value of BigNumber old_waiters = QMutexPrivate::BigNumber; break; } } } while (!d->waiters.testAndSetRelaxed(old_waiters, old_waiters + 1)); if (d != d_ptr.loadAcquire()) { // The mutex was unlocked before we incremented waiters. if (old_waiters != QMutexPrivate::BigNumber) { //we did not break the previous loop Q_ASSERT(d->waiters.loadRelaxed() >= 1); d->waiters.deref(); } d->deref(); continue; } if (d->wait(timeout)) { // reset the possiblyUnlocked flag if needed (and deref its corresponding reference) if (d->possiblyUnlocked.loadRelaxed() && d->possiblyUnlocked.testAndSetRelaxed(true, false)) d->deref(); d->derefWaiters(1); //we got the lock. (do not deref) Q_ASSERT(d == d_ptr.loadRelaxed()); return true; } else { Q_ASSERT(timeout >= 0); //timeout d->derefWaiters(1); //There may be a race in which the mutex is unlocked right after we timed out, // and before we deref the waiters, so maybe the mutex is actually unlocked. // Set the possiblyUnlocked flag to indicate this possibility. if (!d->possiblyUnlocked.testAndSetRelaxed(false, true)) { // We keep a reference when possiblyUnlocked is true. // but if possiblyUnlocked was already true, we don't need to keep the reference. d->deref(); } return false; } } Q_ASSERT(d_ptr.loadRelaxed() != 0); return true; } /*! \internal */ void QBasicMutex::unlockInternal() noexcept { QMutexData *copy = d_ptr.loadAcquire(); Q_ASSERT(copy); //we must be locked Q_ASSERT(copy != dummyLocked()); // testAndSetRelease(dummyLocked(), 0) failed Q_ASSERT(!isRecursive()); QMutexPrivate *d = reinterpret_cast(copy); // If no one is waiting for the lock anymore, we should reset d to 0x0. // Using fetchAndAdd, we atomically check that waiters was equal to 0, and add a flag // to the waiters variable (BigNumber). That way, we avoid the race in which waiters is // incremented right after we checked, because we won't increment waiters if is // equal to -BigNumber if (d->waiters.fetchAndAddRelease(-QMutexPrivate::BigNumber) == 0) { //there is no one waiting on this mutex anymore, set the mutex as unlocked (d = 0) if (d_ptr.testAndSetRelease(d, 0)) { // reset the possiblyUnlocked flag if needed (and deref its corresponding reference) if (d->possiblyUnlocked.loadRelaxed() && d->possiblyUnlocked.testAndSetRelaxed(true, false)) d->deref(); } d->derefWaiters(0); } else { d->derefWaiters(0); //there are thread waiting, transfer the lock. d->wakeUp(); } d->deref(); } //The freelist management namespace { struct FreeListConstants : QFreeListDefaultConstants { enum { BlockCount = 4, MaxIndex=0xffff }; static const int Sizes[BlockCount]; }; const int FreeListConstants::Sizes[FreeListConstants::BlockCount] = { 16, 128, 1024, FreeListConstants::MaxIndex - (16 + 128 + 1024) }; typedef QFreeList FreeList; // We cannot use Q_GLOBAL_STATIC because it uses QMutex static FreeList freeList_; FreeList *freelist() { return &freeList_; } } QMutexPrivate *QMutexPrivate::allocate() { int i = freelist()->next(); QMutexPrivate *d = &(*freelist())[i]; d->id = i; Q_ASSERT(d->refCount.loadRelaxed() == 0); Q_ASSERT(!d->recursive); Q_ASSERT(!d->possiblyUnlocked.loadRelaxed()); Q_ASSERT(d->waiters.loadRelaxed() == 0); d->refCount.storeRelaxed(1); return d; } void QMutexPrivate::release() { Q_ASSERT(!recursive); Q_ASSERT(refCount.loadRelaxed() == 0); Q_ASSERT(!possiblyUnlocked.loadRelaxed()); Q_ASSERT(waiters.loadRelaxed() == 0); freelist()->release(id); } // atomically subtract "value" to the waiters, and remove the QMutexPrivate::BigNumber flag void QMutexPrivate::derefWaiters(int value) noexcept { int old_waiters; int new_waiters; do { old_waiters = waiters.loadRelaxed(); new_waiters = old_waiters; if (new_waiters < 0) { new_waiters += QMutexPrivate::BigNumber; } new_waiters -= value; } while (!waiters.testAndSetRelaxed(old_waiters, new_waiters)); } #endif /*! \internal */ inline bool QRecursiveMutexPrivate::lock(int timeout) QT_MUTEX_LOCK_NOEXCEPT { Qt::HANDLE self = QThread::currentThreadId(); if (owner.loadRelaxed() == self) { ++count; Q_ASSERT_X(count != 0, "QMutex::lock", "Overflow in recursion counter"); return true; } bool success = true; if (timeout == -1) { mutex.QBasicMutex::lock(); } else { success = mutex.tryLock(timeout); } if (success) owner.storeRelaxed(self); return success; } /*! \internal */ inline void QRecursiveMutexPrivate::unlock() noexcept { if (count > 0) { count--; } else { owner.storeRelaxed(0); mutex.QBasicMutex::unlock(); } } QT_END_NAMESPACE #ifdef QT_LINUX_FUTEX # include "qmutex_linux.cpp" #elif defined(Q_OS_MAC) # include "qmutex_mac.cpp" #elif defined(Q_OS_WIN) # include "qmutex_win.cpp" #else # include "qmutex_unix.cpp" #endif