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//! [0]
  class VulkanRenderer : public QVulkanWindowRenderer
  {
  public:
      VulkanRenderer(QVulkanWindow *w) : m_window(w) { }

      void initResources() override
      {
          m_devFuncs = m_window->vulkanInstance()->deviceFunctions(m_window->device());
          ...
      }
      void initSwapChainResources() override { ... }
      void releaseSwapChainResources() override { ... }
      void releaseResources() override { ... }

      void startNextFrame() override
      {
          VkCommandBuffer cmdBuf = m_window->currentCommandBuffer();
          ...
          m_devFuncs->vkCmdBeginRenderPass(...);
          ...
          m_window->frameReady();
      }

  private:
      QVulkanWindow *m_window;
      QVulkanDeviceFunctions *m_devFuncs;
  };

  class VulkanWindow : public QVulkanWindow
  {
  public:
      QVulkanWindowRenderer *createRenderer() override {
          return new VulkanRenderer(this);
      }
  };

  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
      QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

      QVulkanInstance inst;
      // enable the standard validation layers, when available
      inst.setLayers(QByteArrayList() << "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation");
      if (!inst.create())
          qFatal("Failed to create Vulkan instance: %d", inst.errorCode());

      VulkanWindow w;
      w.setVulkanInstance(&inst);
      w.showMaximized();

      return app.exec();
  }
//! [0]

//! [1]
    class Renderer {
        ...
        VkDescriptorBufferInfo m_uniformBufInfo[QVulkanWindow::MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAME_COUNT];
    };

    void Renderer::startNextFrame()
    {
        VkDescriptorBufferInfo &uniformBufInfo(m_uniformBufInfo[m_window->currentFrame()]);
        ...
    }
//! [1]

//! [2]
    class Renderer {
        ...
        VkDescriptorBufferInfo m_uniformBufInfo[QVulkanWindow::MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAME_COUNT];
    };

    void Renderer::startNextFrame()
    {
        const int count = m_window->concurrentFrameCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
            m_uniformBufInfo[i] = ...
        ...
    }
//! [2]