// Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only

#include <AppKit/AppKit.h>

#include "qcocoabackingstore.h"

#include "qcocoawindow.h"
#include "qcocoahelpers.h"

#include <QtCore/qmath.h>
#include <QtCore/private/qcore_mac_p.h>
#include <QtGui/qpainter.h>

#include <QuartzCore/CATransaction.h>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

QCocoaBackingStore::QCocoaBackingStore(QWindow *window)
    : QPlatformBackingStore(window)
{
}

QCFType<CGColorSpaceRef> QCocoaBackingStore::colorSpace() const
{
    NSView *view = static_cast<QCocoaWindow *>(window()->handle())->view();
    return QCFType<CGColorSpaceRef>::constructFromGet(view.window.colorSpace.CGColorSpace);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

QCALayerBackingStore::QCALayerBackingStore(QWindow *window)
    : QCocoaBackingStore(window)
{
    qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Creating QCALayerBackingStore for" << window
        << "with" << window->format();

    m_buffers.resize(1);

    observeBackingPropertiesChanges();
    window->installEventFilter(this);
}

QCALayerBackingStore::~QCALayerBackingStore()
{
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::observeBackingPropertiesChanges()
{
    Q_ASSERT(window()->handle());
    NSView *view = static_cast<QCocoaWindow *>(window()->handle())->view();
    m_backingPropertiesObserver = QMacNotificationObserver(view.window,
        NSWindowDidChangeBackingPropertiesNotification, [this]() {
            backingPropertiesChanged();
        });
}

bool QCALayerBackingStore::eventFilter(QObject *watched, QEvent *event)
{
    Q_ASSERT(watched == window());

    if (event->type() == QEvent::PlatformSurface) {
        auto *surfaceEvent = static_cast<QPlatformSurfaceEvent*>(event);
        if (surfaceEvent->surfaceEventType() == QPlatformSurfaceEvent::SurfaceCreated)
            observeBackingPropertiesChanges();
        else
            m_backingPropertiesObserver = QMacNotificationObserver();
    }

    return false;
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::resize(const QSize &size, const QRegion &staticContents)
{
    qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Resize requested to" << size;

    if (!staticContents.isNull())
        qCWarning(lcQpaBackingStore) << "QCALayerBackingStore does not support static contents";

    m_requestedSize = size;
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::beginPaint(const QRegion &region)
{
    Q_UNUSED(region);

    QMacAutoReleasePool pool;

    qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Beginning paint of" << region << "into backingstore of" << m_requestedSize;

    ensureBackBuffer(); // Find an unused back buffer, or reserve space for a new one

    const bool bufferWasRecreated = recreateBackBufferIfNeeded();

    m_buffers.back()->lock(QPlatformGraphicsBuffer::SWWriteAccess);

    // Although undocumented, QBackingStore::beginPaint expects the painted region
    // to be cleared before use if the window has a surface format with an alpha.
    // Fresh IOSurfaces are already cleared, so we don't need to clear those.
    if (m_clearSurfaceOnPaint && !bufferWasRecreated && window()->format().hasAlpha()) {
        qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Clearing" << region << "before use";
        QPainter painter(m_buffers.back()->asImage());
        painter.setCompositionMode(QPainter::CompositionMode_Source);
        for (const QRect &rect : region)
            painter.fillRect(rect, Qt::transparent);
    }

    // We assume the client is going to paint the entire region
    updateDirtyStates(region);
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::ensureBackBuffer()
{
    if (window()->format().swapBehavior() == QSurfaceFormat::SingleBuffer)
        return;

    if (Q_UNLIKELY(lcQpaBackingStore().isDebugEnabled())) {
        // ┌───────┬───────┬───────┬─────┬──────┐
        // │ front ┊ spare ┊ spare ┊ ... ┊ back │
        // └───────┴───────┴───────┴─────┴──────┘
        for (const auto &buffer : m_buffers) {
            qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore).nospace() << "  "
                << (buffer == m_buffers.front() ? "front" :
                    buffer == m_buffers.back()  ? " back" :
                                                  "spare"
                ) << ": " << buffer.get();
        }
    }

    // Ensure our back buffer is ready to draw into. If not, find a buffer that
    // is not in use, or reserve space for a new buffer if none can be found.
    for (auto &buffer : backwards(m_buffers)) {
        if (!buffer || !buffer->isInUse()) {
            // Buffer is okey to use, swap if necessary
            if (buffer != m_buffers.back())
                std::swap(buffer, m_buffers.back());
            qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Using back buffer" << m_buffers.back().get();

            static const int kMaxSwapChainDepth = 3;
            if (m_buffers.size() > kMaxSwapChainDepth) {
                qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Reducing swap chain depth to" << kMaxSwapChainDepth;
                m_buffers.erase(std::next(m_buffers.begin(), 1), std::prev(m_buffers.end(), 2));
            }

            break;
        } else if (buffer == m_buffers.front()) {
            // We've exhausted the available buffers, make room for a new one
            const int swapChainDepth = m_buffers.size() + 1;
            qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Available buffers exhausted, increasing swap chain depth to" << swapChainDepth;
            m_buffers.resize(swapChainDepth);
            break;
        }
    }

    Q_ASSERT(!m_buffers.back() || !m_buffers.back()->isInUse());
}

// Disabled until performance issue on 5K iMac Pro has been investigated further,
// as rounding up during resize will typically result in full screen buffer sizes
// and low frame rate also for smaller window sizes.
#define USE_LAZY_BUFFER_ALLOCATION_DURING_LIVE_WINDOW_RESIZE 0

bool QCALayerBackingStore::recreateBackBufferIfNeeded()
{
    const QCocoaWindow *platformWindow = static_cast<QCocoaWindow *>(window()->handle());
    const qreal devicePixelRatio = platformWindow->devicePixelRatio();
    QSize requestedBufferSize = m_requestedSize * devicePixelRatio;

    const NSView *backingStoreView = platformWindow->view();
    Q_UNUSED(backingStoreView);

    auto bufferSizeMismatch = [&](const QSize requested, const QSize actual) {
#if USE_LAZY_BUFFER_ALLOCATION_DURING_LIVE_WINDOW_RESIZE
        if (backingStoreView.inLiveResize) {
            // Prevent over-eager buffer allocation during window resize by reusing larger buffers
            return requested.width() > actual.width() || requested.height() > actual.height();
        }
#endif
        return requested != actual;
    };

    if (!m_buffers.back() || bufferSizeMismatch(requestedBufferSize, m_buffers.back()->size())) {
#if USE_LAZY_BUFFER_ALLOCATION_DURING_LIVE_WINDOW_RESIZE
        if (backingStoreView.inLiveResize) {
            // Prevent over-eager buffer allocation during window resize by rounding up
            QSize nativeScreenSize = window()->screen()->geometry().size() * devicePixelRatio;
            requestedBufferSize = QSize(qNextPowerOfTwo(requestedBufferSize.width()),
                qNextPowerOfTwo(requestedBufferSize.height())).boundedTo(nativeScreenSize);
        }
#endif

        qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Creating surface of" << requestedBufferSize
            << "based on requested" << m_requestedSize << "and dpr =" << devicePixelRatio;

        static auto pixelFormat = QImage::toPixelFormat(QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);
        m_buffers.back().reset(new GraphicsBuffer(requestedBufferSize, devicePixelRatio, pixelFormat, colorSpace()));
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

QPaintDevice *QCALayerBackingStore::paintDevice()
{
    Q_ASSERT(m_buffers.back());
    return m_buffers.back()->asImage();
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::endPaint()
{
    qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Paint ended. Back buffer valid region is now" << m_buffers.back()->validRegion();
    m_buffers.back()->unlock();

    // Since we can have multiple begin/endPaint rounds before a flush
    // we defer finalizing the back buffer until its content is needed.
}

bool QCALayerBackingStore::scroll(const QRegion &region, int dx, int dy)
{
    if (!m_buffers.back()) {
        qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Scroll requested with no back buffer. Ignoring.";
        return false;
    }

    const QPoint scrollDelta(dx, dy);
    qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Scrolling" << region << "by" << scrollDelta;

    ensureBackBuffer();
    recreateBackBufferIfNeeded();

    const QRegion inPlaceRegion = region - m_buffers.back()->dirtyRegion;
    const QRegion frontBufferRegion = region - inPlaceRegion;

    QMacAutoReleasePool pool;

    m_buffers.back()->lock(QPlatformGraphicsBuffer::SWWriteAccess);

    if (!inPlaceRegion.isEmpty()) {
        // We have to scroll everything in one go, instead of scrolling the
        // individual rects of the region, as otherwise we may end up reading
        // already overwritten (scrolled) pixels.
        const QRect inPlaceBoundingRect = inPlaceRegion.boundingRect();

        qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Scrolling" << inPlaceBoundingRect << "in place";
        QImage *backBufferImage = m_buffers.back()->asImage();
        const qreal devicePixelRatio = backBufferImage->devicePixelRatio();
        const QPoint devicePixelDelta = scrollDelta * devicePixelRatio;

        extern void qt_scrollRectInImage(QImage &, const QRect &, const QPoint &);

        qt_scrollRectInImage(*backBufferImage,
            QRect(inPlaceBoundingRect.topLeft() * devicePixelRatio,
                  inPlaceBoundingRect.size() * devicePixelRatio),
                  devicePixelDelta);
    }

    if (!frontBufferRegion.isEmpty()) {
        qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Scrolling" << frontBufferRegion << "by copying from front buffer";
        preserveFromFrontBuffer(frontBufferRegion, scrollDelta);
    }

    m_buffers.back()->unlock();

    // Mark the target region as filled. Note: We do not mark the source region
    // as dirty, even though the content has conceptually been "moved", as that
    // would complicate things when preserving from the front buffer. This matches
    // the behavior of other backingstore implementations using qt_scrollRectInImage.
    updateDirtyStates(region.translated(scrollDelta));

    qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Scroll ended. Back buffer valid region is now" << m_buffers.back()->validRegion();

    return true;
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::flush(QWindow *flushedWindow, const QRegion &region, const QPoint &offset)
{
    Q_UNUSED(region);
    Q_UNUSED(offset);

    if (!m_buffers.back()) {
        qCWarning(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Tried to flush backingstore without painting to it first";
        return;
    }

    finalizeBackBuffer();

    if (flushedWindow != window()) {
        flushSubWindow(flushedWindow);
        return;
    }

    if (m_buffers.front()->isInUse() && !m_buffers.front()->isDirty()) {
        qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Asked to flush, but front buffer is up to date. Ignoring.";
        return;
    }

    QMacAutoReleasePool pool;

    NSView *flushedView = static_cast<QCocoaWindow *>(flushedWindow->handle())->view();

    // If the backingstore is just flushed, without being painted to first, then we may
    // end in a situation where the backingstore is flushed to a layer with a different
    // scale factor than the one it was created for in beginPaint. This is the client's
    // fault in not picking up the change in scale factor of the window and re-painting
    // the backingstore accordingly. To smoothing things out, we warn about this situation,
    // and change the layer's contentsScale to match the scale of the back buffer, so that
    // we at least cover the whole layer. This is necessary since we set the view's
    // contents placement policy to NSViewLayerContentsPlacementTopLeft, which means
    // AppKit will not do any scaling on our behalf.
    if (m_buffers.back()->devicePixelRatio() != flushedView.layer.contentsScale) {
        qCWarning(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Back buffer dpr of" << m_buffers.back()->devicePixelRatio()
            << "doesn't match" << flushedView.layer << "contents scale of" << flushedView.layer.contentsScale
            << "- updating layer to match.";
        flushedView.layer.contentsScale = m_buffers.back()->devicePixelRatio();
    }

    const bool isSingleBuffered = window()->format().swapBehavior() == QSurfaceFormat::SingleBuffer;

    id backBufferSurface = (__bridge id)m_buffers.back()->surface();

    // Trigger a new display cycle if there isn't one. This ensures that our layer updates
    // are committed as part of a display-cycle instead of on the next runloop pass. This
    // means CA won't try to throttle us if we flush too fast, and we'll coalesce our flush
    // with other pending view and layer updates.
    flushedView.window.viewsNeedDisplay = YES;

    if (isSingleBuffered) {
        // The private API [CALayer reloadValueForKeyPath:@"contents"] would be preferable,
        // but barring any side effects or performance issues we opt for the hammer for now.
        flushedView.layer.contents = nil;
    }

    qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Flushing" << backBufferSurface
        << "to" << flushedView.layer << "of" << flushedView;

    flushedView.layer.contents = backBufferSurface;

    if (!isSingleBuffered) {
        // Mark the surface as in use, so that we don't end up rendering
        // to it while it's assigned to a layer.
        IOSurfaceIncrementUseCount(m_buffers.back()->surface());

        if (m_buffers.back() != m_buffers.front()) {
            qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Swapping back buffer to front";
            std::swap(m_buffers.back(), m_buffers.front());
            IOSurfaceDecrementUseCount(m_buffers.back()->surface());
        }
    }
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::flushSubWindow(QWindow *subWindow)
{
    qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Flushing sub-window" << subWindow
        << "via its own backingstore";

    auto &subWindowBackingStore = m_subWindowBackingstores[subWindow];
    if (!subWindowBackingStore) {
        subWindowBackingStore.reset(new QCALayerBackingStore(subWindow));
        QObject::connect(subWindow, &QObject::destroyed, this, &QCALayerBackingStore::windowDestroyed);
        subWindowBackingStore->m_clearSurfaceOnPaint = false;
    }

    auto subWindowSize = subWindow->size();
    static const auto kNoStaticContents = QRegion();
    subWindowBackingStore->resize(subWindowSize, kNoStaticContents);

    auto subWindowLocalRect = QRect(QPoint(), subWindowSize);
    subWindowBackingStore->beginPaint(subWindowLocalRect);

    QPainter painter(subWindowBackingStore->m_buffers.back()->asImage());
    painter.setCompositionMode(QPainter::CompositionMode_Source);

    NSView *backingStoreView = static_cast<QCocoaWindow *>(window()->handle())->view();
    NSView *flushedView = static_cast<QCocoaWindow *>(subWindow->handle())->view();
    auto subviewRect = [flushedView convertRect:flushedView.bounds toView:backingStoreView];
    auto scale = flushedView.layer.contentsScale;
    subviewRect = CGRectApplyAffineTransform(subviewRect, CGAffineTransformMakeScale(scale, scale));

    m_buffers.back()->lock(QPlatformGraphicsBuffer::SWReadAccess);
    const QImage *backingStoreImage = m_buffers.back()->asImage();
    painter.drawImage(subWindowLocalRect, *backingStoreImage, QRectF::fromCGRect(subviewRect));
    m_buffers.back()->unlock();

    painter.end();
    subWindowBackingStore->endPaint();
    subWindowBackingStore->flush(subWindow, subWindowLocalRect, QPoint());

    qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Done flushing sub-window" << subWindow;
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::windowDestroyed(QObject *object)
{
    auto *window = static_cast<QWindow*>(object);
    qCInfo(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Removing backingstore for sub-window" << window;
    m_subWindowBackingstores.erase(window);
}

QPlatformBackingStore::FlushResult QCALayerBackingStore::rhiFlush(QWindow *window,
                                                                  qreal sourceDevicePixelRatio,
                                                                  const QRegion &region,
                                                                  const QPoint &offset,
                                                                  QPlatformTextureList *textures,
                                                                  bool translucentBackground)
{
    if (!m_buffers.back()) {
        qCWarning(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Tried to flush backingstore without painting to it first";
        return FlushFailed;
    }

    finalizeBackBuffer();

    return QPlatformBackingStore::rhiFlush(window, sourceDevicePixelRatio, region, offset, textures, translucentBackground);
}

QImage QCALayerBackingStore::toImage() const
{
    if (!m_buffers.back())
        return QImage();

    const_cast<QCALayerBackingStore*>(this)->finalizeBackBuffer();

    // We need to make a copy here, as the returned image could be used just
    // for reading, in which case it won't detach, and then the underlying
    // image data might change under the feet of the client when we re-use
    // the buffer at a later point.
    m_buffers.back()->lock(QPlatformGraphicsBuffer::SWReadAccess);
    QImage imageCopy = m_buffers.back()->asImage()->copy();
    m_buffers.back()->unlock();
    return imageCopy;
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::backingPropertiesChanged()
{
    // Ideally this would be plumbed from the platform layer to QtGui, and
    // the QBackingStore would be recreated, but we don't have that code yet,
    // so at least make sure we update our backingstore when the backing
    // properties (color space e.g.) are changed.

    Q_ASSERT(window()->handle());

    qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Backing properties for" << window() << "did change";

    qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Updating color space of existing buffers";
    for (auto &buffer : m_buffers) {
        if (buffer)
            buffer->setColorSpace(colorSpace());
    }
}

QPlatformGraphicsBuffer *QCALayerBackingStore::graphicsBuffer() const
{
    return m_buffers.back().get();
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::updateDirtyStates(const QRegion &paintedRegion)
{
    // Update dirty state of buffers based on what was painted. The back buffer will be
    // less dirty, since we painted to it, while other buffers will become more dirty.
    // This allows us to minimize copies between front and back buffers on swap in the
    // cases where the painted region overlaps with the previous frame (front buffer).
    for (const auto &buffer : m_buffers) {
        if (buffer == m_buffers.back())
            buffer->dirtyRegion -= paintedRegion;
        else
            buffer->dirtyRegion += paintedRegion;
    }
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::finalizeBackBuffer()
{
    // After painting, the back buffer is only guaranteed to have content for the painted
    // region, and may still have dirty areas that need to be synced up with the front buffer,
    // if we have one. We know that the front buffer is always up to date.

    if (!m_buffers.back()->isDirty())
        return;

    m_buffers.back()->lock(QPlatformGraphicsBuffer::SWWriteAccess);
    preserveFromFrontBuffer(m_buffers.back()->dirtyRegion);
    m_buffers.back()->unlock();

    // The back buffer is now completely in sync, ready to be presented
    m_buffers.back()->dirtyRegion = QRegion();
}

void QCALayerBackingStore::preserveFromFrontBuffer(const QRegion &region, const QPoint &offset)
{

    if (m_buffers.front() == m_buffers.back())
        return; // Nothing to preserve from

    qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Preserving" << region << "of front buffer to"
        << region.translated(offset) << "of back buffer";

    Q_ASSERT(m_buffers.back()->isLocked() == QPlatformGraphicsBuffer::SWWriteAccess);

    m_buffers.front()->lock(QPlatformGraphicsBuffer::SWReadAccess);
    const QImage *frontBuffer = m_buffers.front()->asImage();

    const QRect frontSurfaceBounds(QPoint(0, 0), m_buffers.front()->size());
    const qreal sourceDevicePixelRatio = frontBuffer->devicePixelRatio();

    QPainter painter(m_buffers.back()->asImage());
    painter.setCompositionMode(QPainter::CompositionMode_Source);

    // Let painter operate in device pixels, to make it easier to compare coordinates
    const qreal targetDevicePixelRatio = painter.device()->devicePixelRatio();
    painter.scale(1.0 / targetDevicePixelRatio, 1.0 / targetDevicePixelRatio);

    for (const QRect &rect : region) {
        QRect sourceRect(rect.topLeft() * sourceDevicePixelRatio,
                         rect.size() * sourceDevicePixelRatio);
        QRect targetRect((rect.topLeft() + offset) * targetDevicePixelRatio,
                          rect.size() * targetDevicePixelRatio);

#ifdef QT_DEBUG
        if (Q_UNLIKELY(!frontSurfaceBounds.contains(sourceRect.bottomRight()))) {
            qCWarning(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Front buffer too small to preserve"
                << QRegion(sourceRect).subtracted(frontSurfaceBounds);
        }
#endif
        painter.drawImage(targetRect, *frontBuffer, sourceRect);
    }

    m_buffers.front()->unlock();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

QCALayerBackingStore::GraphicsBuffer::GraphicsBuffer(const QSize &size, qreal devicePixelRatio,
                                const QPixelFormat &format, QCFType<CGColorSpaceRef> colorSpace)
    : QIOSurfaceGraphicsBuffer(size, format)
    , dirtyRegion(QRect(QPoint(0, 0), size / devicePixelRatio))
    , m_devicePixelRatio(devicePixelRatio)
{
    setColorSpace(colorSpace);
}

QRegion QCALayerBackingStore::GraphicsBuffer::validRegion() const
{

    QRegion fullRegion = QRect(QPoint(0, 0), size() / m_devicePixelRatio);
    return fullRegion - dirtyRegion;
}

QImage *QCALayerBackingStore::GraphicsBuffer::asImage()
{
    if (m_image.isNull()) {
        qCDebug(lcQpaBackingStore) << "Setting up paint device for" << this;
        CFRetain(surface());
        m_image = QImage(data(), size().width(), size().height(),
            bytesPerLine(), QImage::toImageFormat(format()),
            QImageCleanupFunction(CFRelease), surface());
        m_image.setDevicePixelRatio(m_devicePixelRatio);
    }

    Q_ASSERT_X(m_image.constBits() == data(), "QCALayerBackingStore",
        "IOSurfaces should have have a fixed location in memory once created");

    return &m_image;
}

QT_END_NAMESPACE

#include "moc_qcocoabackingstore.cpp"