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/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:FDL$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** GNU Free Documentation License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Free
** Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file included in the packaging of
** this file. Please review the following information to ensure
** the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 requirements
** will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html.
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
/*!
\page timers.html
\title Timers
\brief How to use Qt timers in your application.
\ingroup best-practices
QObject, the base class of all Qt objects, provides the basic
timer support in Qt. With QObject::startTimer(), you start a
timer with an interval in milliseconds as argument. The function
returns a unique integer timer ID. The timer will now fire at
regular intervals until you explicitly call QObject::killTimer()
with the timer ID.
For this mechanism to work, the application must run in an event
loop. You start an event loop with QApplication::exec(). When a
timer fires, the application sends a QTimerEvent, and the flow of
control leaves the event loop until the timer event is processed.
This implies that a timer cannot fire while your application is
busy doing something else. In other words: the accuracy of timers
depends on the granularity of your application.
In multithreaded applications, you can use the timer mechanism in
any thread that has an event loop. To start an event loop from a
non-GUI thread, use QThread::exec(). Qt uses the object's
\l{QObject::thread()}{thread affinity} to determine which thread
will deliver the QTimerEvent. Because of this, you must start and
stop all timers in the object's thread; it is not possible to
start timers for objects in another thread.
The upper limit for the interval value is determined by the number
of milliseconds that can be specified in a signed integer
(in practice, this is a period of just over 24 days). The accuracy
depends on the underlying operating system. Windows 2000 has 15
millisecond accuracy; other systems that we have tested can handle
1 millisecond intervals.
The main API for the timer functionality is QTimer. That class
provides regular timers that emit a signal when the timer fires, and
inherits QObject so that it fits well into the ownership structure
of most GUI programs. The normal way of using it is like this:
\snippet timers/timers.cpp 0
\snippet timers/timers.cpp 1
\snippet timers/timers.cpp 2
The QTimer object is made into a child of this widget so that,
when this widget is deleted, the timer is deleted too.
Next, its \l{QTimer::}{timeout()} signal is connected to the slot
that will do the work, it is started with a value of 1000
milliseconds, indicating that it will time out every second.
QTimer also provides a static function for single-shot timers.
For example:
\snippet timers/timers.cpp 3
200 milliseconds (0.2 seconds) after this line of code is
executed, the \c updateCaption() slot will be called.
For QTimer to work, you must have an event loop in your
application; that is, you must call QCoreApplication::exec()
somewhere. Timer events will be delivered only while the event
loop is running.
In multithreaded applications, you can use QTimer in any thread
that has an event loop. To start an event loop from a non-GUI
thread, use QThread::exec(). Qt uses the timer's
\l{QObject::thread()}{thread affinity} to determine which thread
will emit the \l{QTimer::}{timeout()} signal. Because of this, you
must start and stop the timer in its thread; it is not possible to
start a timer from another thread.
The \l{widgets/analogclock}{Analog Clock} example shows how to use
QTimer to redraw a widget at regular intervals. From \c{AnalogClock}'s
implementation:
\snippet timers/analogclock.cpp 0
\snippet timers/analogclock.cpp 2
\snippet timers/analogclock.cpp 3
\snippet timers/analogclock.cpp 4
\snippet timers/analogclock.cpp 5
\snippet timers/analogclock.cpp 6
\dots
\snippet timers/analogclock.cpp 7
Every second, QTimer will call the QWidget::update() slot to
refresh the clock's display.
If you already have a QObject subclass and want an easy
optimization, you can use QBasicTimer instead of QTimer. With
QBasicTimer, you must reimplement
\l{QObject::timerEvent()}{timerEvent()} in your QObject subclass
and handle the timeout there. The \l{widgets/wiggly}{Wiggly}
example shows how to use QBasicTimer.
*/
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