/**************************************************************************** ** ** Copyright (C) 2012 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies). ** Contact: http://www.qt-project.org/ ** ** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit. ** ** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:FDL$ ** GNU Free Documentation License ** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Free ** Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software ** Foundation and appearing in the file included in the packaging of ** this file. ** ** Other Usage ** Alternatively, this file may be used in accordance with the terms ** and conditions contained in a signed written agreement between you ** and Nokia. ** ** ** ** ** ** $QT_END_LICENSE$ ** ****************************************************************************/ /*! \page qml-dynamicview-tutorial.html \inqmlmodule QtQuick 2 \title QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial \brief A tutorial describing how to re-arrange items in a QML ListView \nextpage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 1 - A Simple ListView and Delegate This tutorial shows how items in a ListView can be re-ordered without modifying the source model. It demonstrates using drag and drop to reposition individual items within a view and using model data to dynamically sort all items in a view. Tutorial chapters: \list 1 \o \l {declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview1}{A Simple ListView and Delegate} \o \l {declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview2}{Dragging View Items} \o \l {declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3}{Moving Dragged Items} \o \l {declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4}{Sorting Items} \endlist All the code in this tutorial can be found in Qt's \c examples/declarative/tutorials/dynamicview directory. */ /*! \page qml-dynamicview-tutorial1.html \inqmlmodule QtQuick 2 \title QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 1 - A Simple ListView and Delegate \contentspage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial \previouspage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial \nextpage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 2 - Dragging View Items \example declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview1 We begin our application by defining a ListView, a model which will provide data to the view, and a delegate which provides a template for constructing items in the view. The code for the ListView and delegate looks like this: \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview1/dynamicview.qml 0 The model is defined in a separate QML file which looks like this: \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview1/PetsModel.qml 0 \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview1/PetsModel.qml 1 \section2 Walkthrough The first item defined within the application's root Rectangle is the delegate Component. This is the template from which each item in the ListView is constructed. The \c name, \c age, \c type, and \c size variables referenced in the delegate are sourced from the model data. The names correspond to roles defined in the model. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview1/dynamicview.qml 1 The second part of the application is the ListView itself to which we bind the model and delegate. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview1/dynamicview.qml 2 */ /*! \page qml-dynamicview-tutorial2.html \inqmlmodule QtQuick 2 \title QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 2 - Dragging View Items \contentspage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial \previouspage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 1 - A Simple ListView and Delegate \nextpage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 3 - Moving Dragged Items \example declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview2 Now that we have a visible list of items we want to be able to interact with them. We'll start by extending the delegate so the visible content can be dragged up and down the screen. The updated delegate looks like this: \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview2/dynamicview.qml 0 \section2 Walkthrough The major change here is the root item of the delegate is now a MouseArea which provides handlers for mouse events and will allow us to drag the delegate's content item. It also acts as a container for the content item which is important as a delegate's root item is positioned by the view and cannot be moved by other means. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview2/dynamicview.qml 1 \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview2/dynamicview.qml 2 Dragging the content item is enabled by binding it to the MouseArea's \l {QtQuick2::MouseArea::drag.target}{drag.target} property. Because we still want the view to be flickable we wait until the MouseArea's \l {QtQuick2::MouseArea::onPressAndHold}{onPressAndHold} handler is triggered before binding the drag target. This way when mouse moves before the hold timeout has expired it is interpreted as moving the list and if it moves after it is interpreted as dragging an item. To make it more obvious to the user when an item can be dragged we'll change the background color of the content item when the timeout has expired. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview2/dynamicview.qml 3 The other thing we'll need to do before an item can be dragged is to unset any anchors on the content item so it can be freely moved around. We do this in a state change that is triggered when the delegate item is held, at the same time we can reparent the content item to the root item so that is above other items in the stacking order and isn't obscured as it is dragged around. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview2/dynamicview.qml 4 */ /*! \page qml-dynamicview-tutorial3.html \inqmlmodule QtQuick 2 \title QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 3 - Moving Dragged Items \contentspage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial \previouspage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 2 - Dragging View Items \nextpage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 4 - Sorting Items \example declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3 The next step in our application to move items within the list as they're dragged so that we can re-order the list. To achieve this we introduce three new elements to our application; VisualDataModel, \l Drag and DropArea. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3/dynamicview.qml 0 \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3/dynamicview.qml 1 \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3/dynamicview.qml 2 \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3/dynamicview.qml 5 \section2 Walkthrough In order to re-order the view we need to determine when one item has been dragged over another. With the Drag attached property we can generate events that are sent to the scene graph whenever the item it is attached to moves. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3/dynamicview.qml 1 Drag events are only sent while the active property is true, so in this example the first event would be sent when the delegate was held with additional event sents when dragging. The \l {QtQuick2::Drag::hotSpot}{hotSpot} property specifies the relative position of the drag events within the dragged item, the center of the item in this instance. Then we use a DropArea in each view item to determine when the hot spot of the dragged item intersects another item, when a drag enters one of these DropAreas we can move the dragged item to the index of the item it was dragged over. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3/dynamicview.qml 3 To move the items within the view we use a VisualDataModel. The VisualDataModel element is used by the view elements to instantiate delegate items from model data and when constructed explicitly can be used to filter and re-order the model items provided to ListView. The \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataModel::items}{items} property of VisualDataModel provides access to the view's items and allows us to change the visible order without modifying the source model. To determine the current visible index of the items we use \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataModel::itemsIndex} {itemsIndex} property on the VisualDataModel attached property of the delegate item. To utilize a VisualDataModel with a ListView we bind it to the \l {QtQuick2::ListView::model}{model} property of the view and bind the \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataModel::model}{model} and \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataModel::delegate}{delegate} to the VisualDataModel. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview3/dynamicview.qml 4 */ /*! \page qml-dynamicview-tutorial4.html \inqmlmodule QtQuick 2 \title QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 4 - Sorting Items \contentspage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial \previouspage QML Dynamic View Ordering Tutorial 3 - Moving Dragged Items \example declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4 Drag and drop isn't the only way items in a view can be re-ordered, using a VisualDataModel it is also possible to sort items based on model data. To do that we extend our VisualDataModel instance like this: \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4/dynamicview.qml 0 \section2 Walkthrough Items in a VisualDataModel are filtered into groups represented by the VisualDataGroup type, normally all items in the model belong to a default \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataModel::items}{items} group but this default can be changed with the includeByDefault property. To implement our sorting we want items to first be added to an unsorted group from where we can transfer them to a sorted position in the items group. To do that we clear includeByDefault on the items group and set it on a new group name 'unsorted'. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4/dynamicview.qml 1 \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4/dynamicview.qml 2 We sort the items by first finding the position in the items group to insert the first unsorted item and then transfer the item to the items group before moving it to the pre-determined index and repeat until the unsorted group is empty. To find the insert position for an item we request a handle for the item from the unsorted group with the \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataModel::get} {get} function. Through the model property on this handle we can access the same model data that is available in a delegate instance of that item and compare against other items to determine relative position. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4/dynamicview.qml 3 The lessThan argument to the sort function is a comparsion function which will determine the order of the list. In this example it can be one of the following: \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4/dynamicview.qml 4 A sort is triggered whenever new items are added to the unsorted VisualDataGroup which we are notified of by the \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataGroup::onChanged}{onChanged} handler. If no sort function is currently selected we simply transfer all items from the unsorted group to the items group, otherwise we call sort with the selected sort function. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4/dynamicview.qml 5 Finally when the selected sort order changes we can trigger a full re-sort of the list by moving all items from the items group to the unsorted group, which will trigger the \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataGroup::onChanged}{onChanged} handler and transfer the items back to the items group in correct order. Note that the \l {QtQuick2::VisualDataGroup::onChanged}{onChanged} handler will not be invoked recursively so there's no issue with it being invoked during a sort. \snippet declarative/tutorials/dynamicview/dynamicview4/dynamicview.qml 6 */