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/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2017 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:FDL$
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** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** GNU Free Documentation License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Free
** Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file included in the packaging of
** this file. Please review the following information to ensure
** the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 requirements
** will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html.
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
/*!
\page qtquickcontrols2-customize.html
\title Customizing Qt Quick Controls 2
\brief A set of UI controls to create user interfaces in Qt Quick
Qt Quick Controls 2 consist of a hierarchy (tree) of items. In order to
provide a custom look and feel, the default QML implementation of each
item can be replaced with a custom one.
\section1 Customizing a Control
Sometimes you'll want to create a "one-off" look for a specific part of
your UI, and use a complete style everywhere else. Perhaps you're happy
with the style you're using, but there's a certain button that has some
special significance.
The first way to create this button is to simply define it in-place,
wherever it is needed. For example, perhaps you're not satisfied with the
default style's Button having square corners. To make them rounded, you
can override the \l {Control::}{background} item and set the radius
property of Rectangle:
\qml
import QtQuick 2.6
import QtQuick.Controls 2.1
ApplicationWindow {
width: 400
height: 400
visible: true
Button {
id: button
text: "A Special Button"
background: Rectangle {
implicitWidth: 100
implicitHeight: 40
color: button.down ? "#d6d6d6" : "#f6f6f6"
border.color: "#26282a"
border.width: 1
radius: 4
}
}
}
\endqml
The second way to create the button is good if you plan to use your rounded
button in several places. It involves moving the code into its own QML file
within your project.
For this approach, we'll copy the background code from the default style's
\c Button.qml. This file can be found in the following path in your Qt
installation:
\c {$QTDIR/qml/QtQuick/Controls.2/Button.qml}
After doing that, we'll simply add the following line:
\code
radius: 4
\endcode
To avoid confusion with the controls in the
module itself, we'll call the file \c MyButton.qml. To use the control in
your application, refer to it by its filename:
\qml
import QtQuick.Controls 2.1
ApplicationWindow {
MyButton {
text: qsTr("A Special Button")
}
}
\endqml
The third way to create the button is a bit more structured, both in terms
of where the file sits in the file system and how it is used in QML. First,
copy an existing file as you did above, but this time, put it into a
subfolder in your project named (for example) \c controls. To use the
control, first import the folder into a namespace:
\qml
import QtQuick.Controls 2.1
import "controls" as MyControls
ApplicationWindow {
MyControls.Button {
text: qsTr("A Special Button")
}
}
\endqml
As you now have the \c MyControls namespace, you can name the controls after
their actual counterparts in the Qt Quick Controls 2 module. You can repeat
this process for any control that you wish to add.
\section1 Creating a Custom Style
There are several ways to go about creating your own styles. Below, we'll
explain the various approaches.
\section2 Definition of a Style
In Qt Quick Controls 2, a style is essentially an interchangeable set of
QML files within a single directory. There are two requirements for a style
to be \l {Using Styles in Qt Quick Controls 2}{usable}:
\list
\li At least one QML file whose name matches a control (for example,
\c Button.qml) must exist.
\li The files must be in a directory in the filesystem or in the
\l {The Qt Resource System}{resource system}.
For example, these are all valid paths to a style:
\list
\li \c {./myapp -style /home/absolute/path/to/my/style}
\li \c {./myapp -style :/mystyle}
\li \c {./myapp -style relative/path/to/my/style}
\li \c {./myapp -style MyStyle}
\endlist
The third and fourth paths will be looked up within the QML engine's import path
list. This is the same as what happens when you pass \c Material as the style,
for example.
\endlist
By default, the styling system uses the Default style as a fallback for
controls that aren't implemented. To customize or extend any other built-in
style, it is possible to specify a different fallback style using \l QQuickStyle.
What this means is that you can implement as many controls as you like for
your custom style, and place them almost anywhere. It also allows users to
create their own styles for your application.
\section2 Style-specific C++ Extensions
Sometimes you may need to use C++ to extend your custom style. There are two
ways to expose such types to QML:
\list
\li If the style that uses the type is the only style used by an application,
it's enough to register it with the QML engine via qmlRegisterType():
\code
qmlRegisterType<ACoolCppItem>("MyApp", 1, 0, "ACoolItem");
\endcode
See \l {Using C++ Data From QML} for more information about this.
\li If the style that uses the type is one of many styles used by an
application, it may be better to only register it when necessary. This
is the point at which it would make sense to implement your own
\l {Creating C++ Plugins for QML}{QML plugin}.
Using a plugin as part of your style is not that much different from
using a set of QML files. The only difference is that the plugin and
its \c qmldir file must be present in the same directory as the QML
files.
\endlist
\section3 Attached properties
It is common for a style to have certain properties or attributes that
apply to all controls. \l {Attached Properties and Attached Signal
Handlers}{Attached properties} are a great way of extending an item in QML
without having to modify any existing C++ belonging to that item. For
example, both the \l {Material Style}{Material} and \l {Universal
Style}{Universal} styles have an attached theme property that controls
whether an item and its children will be rendered in a light or dark theme.
As an example, let's add an attached property that controls elevation. Our
style will illustrate the elevation with a drop shadow; the higher the
elevation, the larger the shadow.
The first step is to \l {Qt Creator: Creating Qt Quick Projects}{create a new Qt Quick
Controls 2 application} in Qt Creator. After that, we
\l {Qt Creator: Creating C++ Classes}{add a C++ type} that stores the elevation. Since
the type will be used for every control supported by our style, and because
we may wish to add other attached properties later on, we'll call it
MyStyle. Here is \c MyStyle.h:
\code
#ifndef MYSTYLE_H
#define MYSTYLE_H
#include <QObject>
#include <QtQml>
class MyStyle : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
Q_PROPERTY(int elevation READ elevation WRITE setElevation NOTIFY elevationChanged)
public:
explicit MyStyle(QObject *parent = nullptr);
static MyStyle *qmlAttachedProperties(QObject *object);
int elevation() const;
void setElevation(int elevation);
signals:
void elevationChanged();
private:
int m_elevation;
};
QML_DECLARE_TYPEINFO(MyStyle, QML_HAS_ATTACHED_PROPERTIES)
#endif // MYSTYLE_H
\endcode
\c MyStyle.cpp:
\code
#include "mystyle.h"
MyStyle::MyStyle(QObject *parent) :
QObject(parent),
m_elevation(0)
{
}
MyStyle *MyStyle::qmlAttachedProperties(QObject *object)
{
return new MyStyle(object);
}
int MyStyle::elevation() const
{
return m_elevation;
}
void MyStyle::setElevation(int elevation)
{
if (elevation == m_elevation)
return;
m_elevation = elevation;
emit elevationChanged();
}
\endcode
The \c MyStyle type is special in the sense that it shouldn't be
instantiated, but rather used for its attached properties. For that reason,
we register it in the following manner in \c main.cpp:
\code
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include "mystyle.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
qmlRegisterUncreatableType<MyStyle>("MyStyle", 1, 0, "MyStyle", "MyStyle is an attached property");
QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
engine.load(QUrl(QLatin1String("qrc:/main.qml")));
return app.exec();
}
\endcode
We then copy \c Button.qml from the Default style in
\c {$QTDIR/qml/QtQuick/Controls.2/} into a new \c myproject folder in our
project directory. Add the newly copied \c Button.qml to \c qml.qrc, which is
the resource file that contains our QML files.
Next, we add a drop shadow to the \l {Control::}{background} delegate of
the Button:
\code
// ...
import QtGraphicalEffects 1.0
import MyStyle 1.0
// ...
background: Rectangle {
// ...
layer.enabled: control.enabled && control.MyStyle.elevation > 0
layer.effect: DropShadow {
verticalOffset: 1
color: control.visualFocus ? "#330066ff" : "#aaaaaa"
samples: control.MyStyle.elevation
spread: 0.5
}
}
\endcode
Note that we:
\list
\li Don't bother using the drop shadow when the elevation is \c 0
\li Change the shadow's color depending on whether or not the button has
focus
\li Make the size of the shadow depend on the elevation
\endlist
To try out the attached property, we create a \l Row with two Buttons in
\c main.qml:
\qml
import QtQuick 2.6
import QtQuick.Controls 2.1
import MyStyle 1.0
ApplicationWindow {
id: window
width: 400
height: 400
visible: true
Row {
spacing: 20
anchors.centerIn: parent
Button {
text: "Button 1"
}
Button {
text: "Button 2"
MyStyle.elevation: 10
}
}
}
\endqml
One button has no elevation, and the other has an elevation of \c 10.
With that in place, we can run our example. To tell the application to
use our new style, we pass \c {-style :/mystyle} as an application
argument, but there are \l {Using Styles in Qt Quick Controls 2}{many
ways} to specify the style to use.
The end result:
\image qtquickcontrols2-customize-buttons.png
Note that the \c {import MyStyle 1.0} statement is only necessary
because we are using the attached property belonging to \c MyStyle.
Both buttons will use our custom style, even if we were to remove the
import.
\section1 Customization Reference
The following snippets present examples where the default style's controls
have been customized using the same approach as the
\l {Customizing a Control} section. The code can be used as a starting
point to implement a custom look and feel.
\section2 Customizing ApplicationWindow
ApplicationWindow consists of one visual item:
\l {ApplicationWindow::background}{background}. It is also possible
to customize the \l {ApplicationWindow::overlay}{modal} and
\l {ApplicationWindow::overlay}{modeless} items.
\code
import QtQuick 2.7
import QtQuick.Controls 2.0
ApplicationWindow {
visible: true
background: Rectangle {
gradient: Gradient {
GradientStop { position: 0; color: "#ffffff" }
GradientStop { position: 1; color: "#c1bbf9" }
}
}
overlay.modal: Rectangle {
color: "#8f28282a"
}
overlay.modeless: Rectangle {
color: "#2f28282a"
}
}
\endcode
\section2 Customizing BusyIndicator
BusyIndicator consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{contentItem}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-busyindicator-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-busyindicator-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Button
Button consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-button-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-button-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing CheckBox
CheckBox consists of three visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{contentItem} and \l {AbstractButton::indicator}{indicator}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-checkbox-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-checkbox-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing CheckDelegate
CheckDelegate consists of three visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{contentItem} and \l {AbstractButton::indicator}{indicator}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-checkdelegate-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-checkdelegate-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing ComboBox
ComboBox consists of \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{content item}, \l {ComboBox::popup}{popup},
and \l {ComboBox::delegate}{delegate}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-combobox-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-combobox-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing DelayButton
DelayButton consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-delaybutton-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-delaybutton-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Dial
Dial consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Dial::handle}{handle}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-dial-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-dial-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Drawer
Drawer can have a visual \l {Control::background}{background}
item.
\code
background: Rectangle {
Rectangle {
x: parent.width - 1
width: 1
height: parent.height
color: "#21be2b"
}
}
\endcode
\section2 Customizing Frame
Frame consists of one visual item: \l {Control::background}{background}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-frame-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-frame-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing GroupBox
GroupBox consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {GroupBox::label}{label}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-groupbox-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-groupbox-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing ItemDelegate
ItemDelegate consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-itemdelegate-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-itemdelegate-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Label
Label can have a visual \l {Label::background}{background} item.
\image qtquickcontrols2-label-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-label-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Menu
Menu consists of a \l {Popup::}{contentItem}.
\quotefromfile qtquickcontrols2-menu-custom.qml
\skipto import QtQuick 2.6
\printuntil import QtQuick.Controls 2.1
\skipto Menu
\printto contentItem.parent: window
\skipline contentItem.parent: window
\printuntil text: qsTr("Save")
\printuntil }
\printuntil }
\section2 Customizing MenuItem
MenuItem can be customized in the same manner as
\l {Customizing Button}{Button}.
\section2 Customizing MenuSeparator
MenuSeparator consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-menuseparator-custom.png
\quotefromfile qtquickcontrols2-menuseparator-custom.qml
\skipto import QtQuick 2.6
\printuntil import QtQuick.Controls 2.1
\skipto Menu
\printto contentItem.parent: window
\skipline contentItem.parent: window
\printuntil text: qsTr("Exit")
\printuntil }
\printuntil }
\section2 Customizing PageIndicator
PageIndicator consists of a \l {Control::background}{background}, \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}, and \l {PageIndicator::delegate}{delegate}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-pageindicator-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-pageindicator-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Pane
Pane consists of a \l {Control::background}{background}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-pane-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-pane-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Popup
Popup consists of a \l {Popup::background}{background} and
\l {Popup::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-popup-custom.png
\quotefromfile qtquickcontrols2-popup-custom.qml
\skipto import QtQuick 2.6
\printuntil import QtQuick.Controls 2.0
\codeline
\skipto Popup
\printuntil {
\printuntil }
\printuntil }
\printuntil }
\section2 Customizing ProgressBar
ProgressBar consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-progressbar-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-progressbar-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing RadioButton
RadioButton consists of three visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{content item} and \l {AbstractButton::indicator}{indicator}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-radiobutton-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-radiobutton-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing RadioDelegate
RadioDelegate consists of three visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{contentItem} and \l {AbstractButton::indicator}{indicator}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-radiodelegate-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-radiodelegate-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing RangeSlider
RangeSlider consists of three visual items:
\l {Control::background}{background},
\l {RangeSlider::first}{first.handle} and
\l {RangeSlider::second.handle}{second.handle}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-rangeslider-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-rangeslider-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing RoundButton
RoundButton can be customized in the same manner as
\l {Customizing Button}{Button}.
\section2 Customizing ScrollBar
ScrollBar consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-scrollbar-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-scrollbar-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing ScrollIndicator
ScrollIndicator consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-scrollindicator-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-scrollindicator-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing ScrollView
ScrollView consists of a \l {Control::background}{background} item,
and horizontal and vertical scroll bars.
\image qtquickcontrols2-scrollview-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-scrollview-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Slider
Slider consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
and \l {Slider::handle}{handle}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-slider-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-slider-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing SpinBox
SpinBox consists of four visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{contentItem}, \l {SpinBox::up.indicator}{up indicator},
and \l {SpinBox::down.indicator}{down indicator}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-spinbox-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-spinbox-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing StackView
StackView can have a visual \l {Control::background}{background}
item, and it allows customizing the transitions that are used for
push, pop, and replace operations.
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-stackview-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing SwipeDelegate
SwipeDelegate consists of six visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{content item}, \l {AbstractButton::indicator}{indicator},
\c swipe.left, \c swipe.right, and \c swipe.behind.
\image qtquickcontrols2-swipedelegate-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-swipedelegate-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing SwipeView
SwipeView can have a visual \l {Control::background}{background}
item. The navigation is implemented by the \l {Control::contentItem}
{content item}.
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-swipeview-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing Switch
Switch consists of three visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{content item} and \l {AbstractButton::indicator}{indicator}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-switch-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-switch-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing SwitchDelegate
SwitchDelegate consists of three visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{contentItem} and \l {AbstractButton::indicator}{indicator}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-switchdelegate-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-switchdelegate-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing TabBar
TabBar consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background},
and \l {Control::contentItem}{contentItem}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-tabbar-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-tabbar-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing TabButton
TabButton can be customized in the same manner as
\l {Customizing Button}{Button}.
\section2 Customizing TextArea
TextArea consists of a \l {TextArea::background}{background} item.
\image qtquickcontrols2-textarea-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-textarea-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing TextField
TextField consists of a \l {TextField::background}{background} item.
\image qtquickcontrols2-textfield-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-textfield-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing ToolBar
ToolBar consists of one visual item: \l {Control::background}{background}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-toolbar-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-toolbar-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing ToolButton
ToolButton consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-toolbutton-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-toolbutton-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing ToolSeparator
ToolSeparator consists of two visual items: \l {Control::background}{background}
and \l {Control::contentItem}{content item}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-toolseparator-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-toolseparator-custom.qml file
\section2 Customizing ToolTip
ToolTip consists of two visual items: \l {Popup::background}{background}
and \l {Popup::contentItem}{content item}.
\quotefromfile qtquickcontrols2-tooltip-custom.qml
\skipto import QtQuick 2.6
\printuntil import QtQuick.Controls 2.1
\skipto ToolTip
\printuntil }
\printuntil }
\printuntil }
\section2 Customizing Tumbler
Tumbler consists of three visual items:
\l {Control::background}{background},
\l {Control::contentItem}{contentItem}, and
\l {Tumbler::delegate}{delegate}.
\image qtquickcontrols2-tumbler-custom.png
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-tumbler-custom.qml file
If you want to define your own contentItem, use either a \l ListView or
\l PathView as the root item. For a wrapping Tumbler, use PathView:
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-tumbler-pathView.qml contentItem
For a non-wrapping Tumbler, use ListView:
\snippet qtquickcontrols2-tumbler-listView.qml contentItem
*/
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