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+// Copyright 2013 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// Function to find backward reference copies.
+
+#include "./backward_references.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "./command.h"
+
+namespace brotli {
+
+template<typename Hasher>
+void CreateBackwardReferences(size_t num_bytes,
+ size_t position,
+ const uint8_t* ringbuffer,
+ const float* literal_cost,
+ size_t ringbuffer_mask,
+ const size_t max_backward_limit,
+ Hasher* hasher,
+ std::vector<Command>* commands) {
+ // Length heuristic that seems to help probably by better selection
+ // of lazy matches of similar lengths.
+ int insert_length = 0;
+ size_t i = position & ringbuffer_mask;
+ const int i_diff = position - i;
+ const size_t i_end = i + num_bytes;
+
+ const int random_heuristics_window_size = 512;
+ int apply_random_heuristics = i + random_heuristics_window_size;
+
+ double average_cost = 0.0;
+ for (int k = position; k < position + num_bytes; ++k) {
+ average_cost += literal_cost[k & ringbuffer_mask];
+ }
+ average_cost /= num_bytes;
+ hasher->set_average_cost(average_cost);
+
+ // M1 match is for considering for two repeated copies, if moving
+ // one literal form the previous copy to the current one allows the
+ // current copy to be more efficient (because the way static dictionary
+ // codes words). M1 matching improves text compression density by ~0.15 %.
+ bool match_found_M1 = false;
+ size_t best_len_M1 = 0;
+ size_t best_len_code_M1 = 0;
+ size_t best_dist_M1 = 0;
+ double best_score_M1 = 0;
+ while (i + 2 < i_end) {
+ size_t best_len = 0;
+ size_t best_len_code = 0;
+ size_t best_dist = 0;
+ double best_score = 0;
+ size_t max_distance = std::min(i + i_diff, max_backward_limit);
+ bool in_dictionary;
+ hasher->set_insert_length(insert_length);
+ bool match_found = hasher->FindLongestMatch(
+ ringbuffer, literal_cost, ringbuffer_mask,
+ i + i_diff, i_end - i, max_distance,
+ &best_len, &best_len_code, &best_dist, &best_score,
+ &in_dictionary);
+ bool best_in_dictionary = in_dictionary;
+ if (match_found) {
+ if (match_found_M1 && best_score_M1 > best_score) {
+ // Two copies after each other. Take the last literal from the
+ // last copy, and use it as the first of this one.
+ (commands->rbegin())->copy_length_ -= 1;
+ (commands->rbegin())->copy_length_code_ -= 1;
+ hasher->Store(ringbuffer + i, i + i_diff);
+ --i;
+ best_len = best_len_M1;
+ best_len_code = best_len_code_M1;
+ best_dist = best_dist_M1;
+ best_score = best_score_M1;
+ // in_dictionary doesn't need to be correct, but it is the only
+ // reason why M1 matching should be beneficial here. Setting it here
+ // will only disable further M1 matching against this copy.
+ best_in_dictionary = true;
+ in_dictionary = true;
+ } else {
+ // Found a match. Let's look for something even better ahead.
+ int delayed_backward_references_in_row = 0;
+ while (i + 4 < i_end &&
+ delayed_backward_references_in_row < 4) {
+ size_t best_len_2 = 0;
+ size_t best_len_code_2 = 0;
+ size_t best_dist_2 = 0;
+ double best_score_2 = 0;
+ max_distance = std::min(i + i_diff + 1, max_backward_limit);
+ hasher->Store(ringbuffer + i, i + i_diff);
+ match_found = hasher->FindLongestMatch(
+ ringbuffer, literal_cost, ringbuffer_mask,
+ i + i_diff + 1, i_end - i - 1, max_distance,
+ &best_len_2, &best_len_code_2, &best_dist_2, &best_score_2,
+ &in_dictionary);
+ double cost_diff_lazy = 0;
+ if (best_len >= 4) {
+ cost_diff_lazy +=
+ literal_cost[(i + 4) & ringbuffer_mask] - average_cost;
+ }
+ {
+ const int tail_length = best_len_2 - best_len + 1;
+ for (int k = 0; k < tail_length; ++k) {
+ cost_diff_lazy -=
+ literal_cost[(i + best_len + k) & ringbuffer_mask] -
+ average_cost;
+ }
+ }
+ // If we are not inserting any symbols, inserting one is more
+ // expensive than if we were inserting symbols anyways.
+ if (insert_length < 1) {
+ cost_diff_lazy += 0.97;
+ }
+ // Add bias to slightly avoid lazy matching.
+ cost_diff_lazy += 2.0 + delayed_backward_references_in_row * 0.2;
+ cost_diff_lazy += 0.04 * literal_cost[i & ringbuffer_mask];
+
+ if (match_found && best_score_2 >= best_score + cost_diff_lazy) {
+ // Ok, let's just write one byte for now and start a match from the
+ // next byte.
+ ++insert_length;
+ ++delayed_backward_references_in_row;
+ best_len = best_len_2;
+ best_len_code = best_len_code_2;
+ best_dist = best_dist_2;
+ best_score = best_score_2;
+ best_in_dictionary = in_dictionary;
+ i++;
+ } else {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ apply_random_heuristics =
+ i + 2 * best_len + random_heuristics_window_size;
+ Command cmd;
+ cmd.insert_length_ = insert_length;
+ cmd.copy_length_ = best_len;
+ cmd.copy_length_code_ = best_len_code;
+ cmd.copy_distance_ = best_dist;
+ commands->push_back(cmd);
+ insert_length = 0;
+ ++i;
+ if (best_dist <= std::min(i + i_diff, max_backward_limit)) {
+ hasher->set_last_distance(best_dist);
+ }
+
+ // Copy all copied literals to the hasher, except the last one.
+ // We cannot store the last one yet, otherwise we couldn't find
+ // the possible M1 match.
+ for (int j = 1; j < best_len - 1; ++j) {
+ if (i + 2 < i_end) {
+ hasher->Store(ringbuffer + i, i + i_diff);
+ }
+ ++i;
+ }
+ // Prepare M1 match.
+ if (hasher->HasStaticDictionary() &&
+ best_len >= 4 && i + 20 < i_end && !best_in_dictionary) {
+ max_distance = std::min(i + i_diff, max_backward_limit);
+ match_found_M1 = hasher->FindLongestMatch(
+ ringbuffer, literal_cost, ringbuffer_mask,
+ i + i_diff, i_end - i, max_distance,
+ &best_len_M1, &best_len_code_M1, &best_dist_M1, &best_score_M1,
+ &in_dictionary);
+ } else {
+ match_found_M1 = false;
+ in_dictionary = false;
+ }
+ // This byte is just moved from the previous copy to the current,
+ // that is no gain.
+ best_score_M1 -= literal_cost[i & ringbuffer_mask];
+ // Adjust for losing the opportunity for lazy matching.
+ best_score_M1 -= 3.75;
+
+ // Store the last one of the match.
+ if (i + 2 < i_end) {
+ hasher->Store(ringbuffer + i, i + i_diff);
+ }
+ ++i;
+ } else {
+ match_found_M1 = false;
+ ++insert_length;
+ hasher->Store(ringbuffer + i, i + i_diff);
+ ++i;
+ // If we have not seen matches for a long time, we can skip some
+ // match lookups. Unsuccessful match lookups are very very expensive
+ // and this kind of a heuristic speeds up compression quite
+ // a lot.
+ if (i > apply_random_heuristics) {
+ // Going through uncompressible data, jump.
+ if (i > apply_random_heuristics + 4 * random_heuristics_window_size) {
+ // It is quite a long time since we saw a copy, so we assume
+ // that this data is not compressible, and store hashes less
+ // often. Hashes of non compressible data are less likely to
+ // turn out to be useful in the future, too, so we store less of
+ // them to not to flood out the hash table of good compressible
+ // data.
+ int i_jump = std::min(i + 16, i_end - 4);
+ for (; i < i_jump; i += 4) {
+ hasher->Store(ringbuffer + i, i + i_diff);
+ insert_length += 4;
+ }
+ } else {
+ int i_jump = std::min(i + 8, i_end - 2);
+ for (; i < i_jump; i += 2) {
+ hasher->Store(ringbuffer + i, i + i_diff);
+ insert_length += 2;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ insert_length += (i_end - i);
+
+ if (insert_length > 0) {
+ Command cmd;
+ cmd.insert_length_ = insert_length;
+ cmd.copy_length_ = 0;
+ cmd.copy_distance_ = 0;
+ commands->push_back(cmd);
+ }
+}
+
+void CreateBackwardReferences(size_t num_bytes,
+ size_t position,
+ const uint8_t* ringbuffer,
+ const float* literal_cost,
+ size_t ringbuffer_mask,
+ const size_t max_backward_limit,
+ Hashers* hashers,
+ Hashers::Type hash_type,
+ std::vector<Command>* commands) {
+ switch (hash_type) {
+ case Hashers::HASH_15_8_4:
+ CreateBackwardReferences(
+ num_bytes, position, ringbuffer, literal_cost,
+ ringbuffer_mask, max_backward_limit,
+ hashers->hash_15_8_4.get(),
+ commands);
+ break;
+ case Hashers::HASH_15_8_2:
+ CreateBackwardReferences(
+ num_bytes, position, ringbuffer, literal_cost,
+ ringbuffer_mask, max_backward_limit,
+ hashers->hash_15_8_2.get(),
+ commands);
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+
+} // namespace brotli