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-package constant;
-use 5.005;
-use strict;
-use warnings::register;
-
-use vars qw($VERSION %declared);
-$VERSION = '1.15';
-
-#=======================================================================
-
-# Some names are evil choices.
-my %keywords = map +($_, 1), qw{ BEGIN INIT CHECK END DESTROY AUTOLOAD };
-$keywords{UNITCHECK}++ if $] > 5.009;
-
-my %forced_into_main = map +($_, 1),
- qw{ STDIN STDOUT STDERR ARGV ARGVOUT ENV INC SIG };
-
-my %forbidden = (%keywords, %forced_into_main);
-
-#=======================================================================
-# import() - import symbols into user's namespace
-#
-# What we actually do is define a function in the caller's namespace
-# which returns the value. The function we create will normally
-# be inlined as a constant, thereby avoiding further sub calling
-# overhead.
-#=======================================================================
-sub import {
- my $class = shift;
- return unless @_; # Ignore 'use constant;'
- my $constants;
- my $multiple = ref $_[0];
- my $pkg = caller;
- my $symtab;
- my $str_end = $] >= 5.006 ? "\\z" : "\\Z";
-
- if ($] > 5.009002) {
- no strict 'refs';
- $symtab = \%{$pkg . '::'};
- };
-
- if ( $multiple ) {
- if (ref $_[0] ne 'HASH') {
- require Carp;
- Carp::croak("Invalid reference type '".ref(shift)."' not 'HASH'");
- }
- $constants = shift;
- } else {
- $constants->{+shift} = undef;
- }
-
- foreach my $name ( keys %$constants ) {
- unless (defined $name) {
- require Carp;
- Carp::croak("Can't use undef as constant name");
- }
-
- # Normal constant name
- if ($name =~ /^_?[^\W_0-9]\w*$str_end/ and !$forbidden{$name}) {
- # Everything is okay
-
- # Name forced into main, but we're not in main. Fatal.
- } elsif ($forced_into_main{$name} and $pkg ne 'main') {
- require Carp;
- Carp::croak("Constant name '$name' is forced into main::");
-
- # Starts with double underscore. Fatal.
- } elsif ($name =~ /^__/) {
- require Carp;
- Carp::croak("Constant name '$name' begins with '__'");
-
- # Maybe the name is tolerable
- } elsif ($name =~ /^[A-Za-z_]\w*$str_end/) {
- # Then we'll warn only if you've asked for warnings
- if (warnings::enabled()) {
- if ($keywords{$name}) {
- warnings::warn("Constant name '$name' is a Perl keyword");
- } elsif ($forced_into_main{$name}) {
- warnings::warn("Constant name '$name' is " .
- "forced into package main::");
- }
- }
-
- # Looks like a boolean
- # use constant FRED == fred;
- } elsif ($name =~ /^[01]?$str_end/) {
- require Carp;
- if (@_) {
- Carp::croak("Constant name '$name' is invalid");
- } else {
- Carp::croak("Constant name looks like boolean value");
- }
-
- } else {
- # Must have bad characters
- require Carp;
- Carp::croak("Constant name '$name' has invalid characters");
- }
-
- {
- no strict 'refs';
- my $full_name = "${pkg}::$name";
- $declared{$full_name}++;
- if ($multiple || @_ == 1) {
- my $scalar = $multiple ? $constants->{$name} : $_[0];
- if ($symtab && !exists $symtab->{$name}) {
- # No typeglob yet, so we can use a reference as space-
- # efficient proxy for a constant subroutine
- # The check in Perl_ck_rvconst knows that inlinable
- # constants from cv_const_sv are read only. So we have to:
- Internals::SvREADONLY($scalar, 1);
- $symtab->{$name} = \$scalar;
- mro::method_changed_in($pkg);
- } else {
- *$full_name = sub () { $scalar };
- }
- } elsif (@_) {
- my @list = @_;
- *$full_name = sub () { @list };
- } else {
- *$full_name = sub () { };
- }
- }
- }
-}
-
-1;
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- use constant PI => 4 * atan2(1, 1);
- use constant DEBUG => 0;
-
- print "Pi equals ", PI, "...\n" if DEBUG;
-
- use constant {
- SEC => 0,
- MIN => 1,
- HOUR => 2,
- MDAY => 3,
- MON => 4,
- YEAR => 5,
- WDAY => 6,
- YDAY => 7,
- ISDST => 8,
- };
-
- use constant WEEKDAYS => qw(
- Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
- );
-
- print "Today is ", (WEEKDAYS)[ (localtime)[WDAY] ], ".\n";
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-This pragma allows you to declare constants at compile-time.
-
-When you declare a constant such as C<PI> using the method shown
-above, each machine your script runs upon can have as many digits
-of accuracy as it can use. Also, your program will be easier to
-read, more likely to be maintained (and maintained correctly), and
-far less likely to send a space probe to the wrong planet because
-nobody noticed the one equation in which you wrote C<3.14195>.
-
-When a constant is used in an expression, perl replaces it with its
-value at compile time, and may then optimize the expression further.
-In particular, any code in an C<if (CONSTANT)> block will be optimized
-away if the constant is false.
-
-=head1 NOTES
-
-As with all C<use> directives, defining a constant happens at
-compile time. Thus, it's probably not correct to put a constant
-declaration inside of a conditional statement (like C<if ($foo)
-{ use constant ... }>).
-
-Constants defined using this module cannot be interpolated into
-strings like variables. However, concatenation works just fine:
-
- print "Pi equals PI...\n"; # WRONG: does not expand "PI"
- print "Pi equals ".PI."...\n"; # right
-
-Even though a reference may be declared as a constant, the reference may
-point to data which may be changed, as this code shows.
-
- use constant ARRAY => [ 1,2,3,4 ];
- print ARRAY->[1];
- ARRAY->[1] = " be changed";
- print ARRAY->[1];
-
-Dereferencing constant references incorrectly (such as using an array
-subscript on a constant hash reference, or vice versa) will be trapped at
-compile time.
-
-Constants belong to the package they are defined in. To refer to a
-constant defined in another package, specify the full package name, as
-in C<Some::Package::CONSTANT>. Constants may be exported by modules,
-and may also be called as either class or instance methods, that is,
-as C<< Some::Package->CONSTANT >> or as C<< $obj->CONSTANT >> where
-C<$obj> is an instance of C<Some::Package>. Subclasses may define
-their own constants to override those in their base class.
-
-The use of all caps for constant names is merely a convention,
-although it is recommended in order to make constants stand out
-and to help avoid collisions with other barewords, keywords, and
-subroutine names. Constant names must begin with a letter or
-underscore. Names beginning with a double underscore are reserved. Some
-poor choices for names will generate warnings, if warnings are enabled at
-compile time.
-
-=head2 List constants
-
-Constants may be lists of more (or less) than one value. A constant
-with no values evaluates to C<undef> in scalar context. Note that
-constants with more than one value do I<not> return their last value in
-scalar context as one might expect. They currently return the number
-of values, but B<this may change in the future>. Do not use constants
-with multiple values in scalar context.
-
-B<NOTE:> This implies that the expression defining the value of a
-constant is evaluated in list context. This may produce surprises:
-
- use constant TIMESTAMP => localtime; # WRONG!
- use constant TIMESTAMP => scalar localtime; # right
-
-The first line above defines C<TIMESTAMP> as a 9-element list, as
-returned by C<localtime()> in list context. To set it to the string
-returned by C<localtime()> in scalar context, an explicit C<scalar>
-keyword is required.
-
-List constants are lists, not arrays. To index or slice them, they
-must be placed in parentheses.
-
- my @workdays = WEEKDAYS[1 .. 5]; # WRONG!
- my @workdays = (WEEKDAYS)[1 .. 5]; # right
-
-=head2 Defining multiple constants at once
-
-Instead of writing multiple C<use constant> statements, you may define
-multiple constants in a single statement by giving, instead of the
-constant name, a reference to a hash where the keys are the names of
-the constants to be defined. Obviously, all constants defined using
-this method must have a single value.
-
- use constant {
- FOO => "A single value",
- BAR => "This", "won't", "work!", # Error!
- };
-
-This is a fundamental limitation of the way hashes are constructed in
-Perl. The error messages produced when this happens will often be
-quite cryptic -- in the worst case there may be none at all, and
-you'll only later find that something is broken.
-
-When defining multiple constants, you cannot use the values of other
-constants defined in the same declaration. This is because the
-calling package doesn't know about any constant within that group
-until I<after> the C<use> statement is finished.
-
- use constant {
- BITMASK => 0xAFBAEBA8,
- NEGMASK => ~BITMASK, # Error!
- };
-
-=head2 Magic constants
-
-Magical values and references can be made into constants at compile
-time, allowing for way cool stuff like this. (These error numbers
-aren't totally portable, alas.)
-
- use constant E2BIG => ($! = 7);
- print E2BIG, "\n"; # something like "Arg list too long"
- print 0+E2BIG, "\n"; # "7"
-
-You can't produce a tied constant by giving a tied scalar as the
-value. References to tied variables, however, can be used as
-constants without any problems.
-
-=head1 TECHNICAL NOTES
-
-In the current implementation, scalar constants are actually
-inlinable subroutines. As of version 5.004 of Perl, the appropriate
-scalar constant is inserted directly in place of some subroutine
-calls, thereby saving the overhead of a subroutine call. See
-L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for details about how and when this
-happens.
-
-In the rare case in which you need to discover at run time whether a
-particular constant has been declared via this module, you may use
-this function to examine the hash C<%constant::declared>. If the given
-constant name does not include a package name, the current package is
-used.
-
- sub declared ($) {
- use constant 1.01; # don't omit this!
- my $name = shift;
- $name =~ s/^::/main::/;
- my $pkg = caller;
- my $full_name = $name =~ /::/ ? $name : "${pkg}::$name";
- $constant::declared{$full_name};
- }
-
-=head1 CAVEATS
-
-In the current version of Perl, list constants are not inlined
-and some symbols may be redefined without generating a warning.
-
-It is not possible to have a subroutine or a keyword with the same
-name as a constant in the same package. This is probably a Good Thing.
-
-A constant with a name in the list C<STDIN STDOUT STDERR ARGV ARGVOUT
-ENV INC SIG> is not allowed anywhere but in package C<main::>, for
-technical reasons.
-
-Unlike constants in some languages, these cannot be overridden
-on the command line or via environment variables.
-
-You can get into trouble if you use constants in a context which
-automatically quotes barewords (as is true for any subroutine call).
-For example, you can't say C<$hash{CONSTANT}> because C<CONSTANT> will
-be interpreted as a string. Use C<$hash{CONSTANT()}> or
-C<$hash{+CONSTANT}> to prevent the bareword quoting mechanism from
-kicking in. Similarly, since the C<< => >> operator quotes a bareword
-immediately to its left, you have to say C<< CONSTANT() => 'value' >>
-(or simply use a comma in place of the big arrow) instead of
-C<< CONSTANT => 'value' >>.
-
-=head1 BUGS
-
-Please report any bugs or feature requests via the perlbug(1) utility.
-
-=head1 AUTHORS
-
-Tom Phoenix, E<lt>F<rootbeer@redcat.com>E<gt>, with help from
-many other folks.
-
-Multiple constant declarations at once added by Casey West,
-E<lt>F<casey@geeknest.com>E<gt>.
-
-Documentation mostly rewritten by Ilmari Karonen,
-E<lt>F<perl@itz.pp.sci.fi>E<gt>.
-
-This program is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters.
-The CPAN distribution is maintained by SE<eacute>bastien Aperghis-Tramoni
-E<lt>F<sebastien@aperghis.net>E<gt>.
-
-=head1 COPYRIGHT
-
-Copyright (C) 1997, 1999 Tom Phoenix
-
-This module is free software; you can redistribute it or modify it
-under the same terms as Perl itself.
-
-=cut