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-=head1 NAME
-
-XML::LibXML::Node - Abstract Base Class of XML::LibXML Nodes
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-
-
- use XML::LibXML;
-
- $name = $node->nodeName;
- $node->setNodeName( $newName );
- $bool = $node->isSameNode( $other_node );
- $bool = $node->isEqual( $other_node );
- $content = $node->nodeValue;
- $content = $node->textContent;
- $type = $node->nodeType;
- $node->unbindNode();
- $childnode = $node->removeChild( $childnode );
- $oldnode = $node->replaceChild( $newNode, $oldNode );
- $node->replaceNode($newNode);
- $childnode = $node->appendChild( $childnode );
- $childnode = $node->addChild( $chilnode );
- $node = $parent->addNewChild( $nsURI, $name );
- $node->addSibling($newNode);
- $newnode =$node->cloneNode( $deep );
- $parentnode = $node->parentNode;
- $nextnode = $node->nextSibling();
- $prevnode = $node->previousSibling();
- $boolean = $node->hasChildNodes();
- $childnode = $node->firstChild;
- $childnode = $node->lastChild;
- $documentnode = $node->ownerDocument;
- $node = $node->getOwner;
- $node->setOwnerDocument( $doc );
- $node->insertBefore( $newNode, $refNode );
- $node->insertAfter( $newNode, $refNode );
- @nodes = $node->findnodes( $xpath_expression );
- $result = $node->find( $xpath );
- print $node->findvalue( $xpath );
- @childnodes = $node->childNodes;
- $xmlstring = $node->toString($format,$docencoding);
- $c14nstring = $node->toStringC14N($with_comments, $xpath_expression);
- $ec14nstring = $node->toStringEC14N($with_comments, $xpath_expression, $inclusive_prefix_list);
- $str = $doc->serialize($format);
- $c14nstr = $doc->serialize_c14n($comment_flag,$xpath);
- $ec14nstr = $doc->serialize_ec14n($comment_flag,$xpath,$inclusive_prefix_list);
- $localname = $node->localname;
- $nameprefix = $node->prefix;
- $uri = $node->namespaceURI();
- $boolean = $node->hasAttributes();
- @attributelist = $node->attributes();
- $URI = $node->lookupNamespaceURI( $prefix );
- $prefix = $node->lookupNamespacePrefix( $URI );
- $node->normalize;
- @nslist = $node->getNamespaces;
- $node->removeChildNodes();
- $node->nodePath();
- $lineno = $node->line_number();
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-XML::LibXML::Node defines functions that are common to all Node Types. A
-LibXML::Node should never be created standalone, but as an instance of a high
-level class such as LibXML::Element or LibXML::Text. The class itself should
-provide only common functionality. In XML::LibXML each node is part either of a
-document or a document-fragment. Because of this there is no node without a
-parent. This may causes confusion with "unbound" nodes.
-
-
-=head1 METHODS
-
-Many functions listed here are extensively documented in the L<<<<<< DOM Level 3 specification|http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/ >>>>>>. Please refer to the specification for extensive documentation.
-
-=over 4
-
-=item B<nodeName>
-
- $name = $node->nodeName;
-
-Returns the node's name. This function is aware of namespaces and returns the
-full name of the current node (C<<<<<< prefix:localname >>>>>>).
-
-Since 1.62 this function also returns the correct DOM names for node types with
-constant names, namely: #text, #cdata-section, #comment, #document,
-#document-fragment.
-
-
-=item B<setNodeName>
-
- $node->setNodeName( $newName );
-
-In very limited situations, it is useful to change a nodes name. In the DOM
-specification this should throw an error. This Function is aware of namespaces.
-
-
-=item B<isSameNode>
-
- $bool = $node->isSameNode( $other_node );
-
-returns TRUE (1) if the given nodes refer to the same node structure, otherwise
-FALSE (0) is returned.
-
-
-=item B<isEqual>
-
- $bool = $node->isEqual( $other_node );
-
-deprecated version of isSameNode().
-
-I<<<<<< NOTE >>>>>> isEqual will change behaviour to follow the DOM specification
-
-
-=item B<nodeValue>
-
- $content = $node->nodeValue;
-
-If the node has any content (such as stored in a C<<<<<< text node >>>>>>) it can get requested through this function.
-
-I<<<<<< NOTE: >>>>>> Element Nodes have no content per definition. To get the text value of an
-Element use textContent() instead!
-
-
-=item B<textContent>
-
- $content = $node->textContent;
-
-this function returns the content of all text nodes in the descendants of the
-given node as specified in DOM.
-
-
-=item B<nodeType>
-
- $type = $node->nodeType;
-
-Return a numeric value representing the node type of this node. The module
-XML::LibXML by default exports constants for the node types (see the EXPORT
-section in the L<<<<<< Perl Binding for libxml2|Perl Binding for libxml2 >>>>>> manual page).
-
-
-=item B<unbindNode>
-
- $node->unbindNode();
-
-Unbinds the Node from its siblings and Parent, but not from the Document it
-belongs to. If the node is not inserted into the DOM afterwards it will be lost
-after the program terminated. From a low level view, the unbound node is
-stripped from the context it is and inserted into a (hidden) document-fragment.
-
-
-=item B<removeChild>
-
- $childnode = $node->removeChild( $childnode );
-
-This will unbind the Child Node from its parent C<<<<<< $node >>>>>>. The function returns the unbound node. If C<<<<<< oldNode >>>>>> is not a child of the given Node the function will fail.
-
-
-=item B<replaceChild>
-
- $oldnode = $node->replaceChild( $newNode, $oldNode );
-
-Replaces the C<<<<<< $oldNode >>>>>> with the C<<<<<< $newNode >>>>>>. The C<<<<<< $oldNode >>>>>> will be unbound from the Node. This function differs from the DOM L2
-specification, in the case, if the new node is not part of the document, the
-node will be imported first.
-
-
-=item B<replaceNode>
-
- $node->replaceNode($newNode);
-
-This function is very similar to replaceChild(), but it replaces the node
-itself rather than a childnode. This is useful if a node found by any XPath
-function, should be replaced.
-
-
-=item B<appendChild>
-
- $childnode = $node->appendChild( $childnode );
-
-The function will add the C<<<<<< $childnode >>>>>> to the end of C<<<<<< $node >>>>>>'s children. The function should fail, if the new childnode is already a child
-of C<<<<<< $node >>>>>>. This function differs from the DOM L2 specification, in the case, if the new
-node is not part of the document, the node will be imported first.
-
-
-=item B<addChild>
-
- $childnode = $node->addChild( $chilnode );
-
-As an alternative to appendChild() one can use the addChild() function. This
-function is a bit faster, because it avoids all DOM conformity checks.
-Therefore this function is quite useful if one builds XML documents in memory
-where the order and ownership (C<<<<<< ownerDocument >>>>>>) is assured.
-
-addChild() uses libxml2's own xmlAddChild() function. Thus it has to be used
-with extra care: If a text node is added to a node and the node itself or its
-last childnode is as well a text node, the node to add will be merged with the
-one already available. The current node will be removed from memory after this
-action. Because perl is not aware of this action, the perl instance is still
-available. XML::LibXML will catch the loss of a node and refuse to run any
-function called on that node.
-
-
-
- my $t1 = $doc->createTextNode( "foo" );
- my $t2 = $doc->createTextNode( "bar" );
- $t1->addChild( $t2 ); # is OK
- my $val = $t2->nodeValue(); # will fail, script dies
-
-Also addChild() will not check if the added node belongs to the same document
-as the node it will be added to. This could lead to inconsistent documents and
-in more worse cases even to memory violations, if one does not keep track of
-this issue.
-
-Although this sounds like a lot of trouble, addChild() is useful if a document
-is built from a stream, such as happens sometimes in SAX handlers or filters.
-
-If you are not sure about the source of your nodes, you better stay with
-appendChild(), because this function is more user friendly in the sense of
-being more error tolerant.
-
-
-=item B<addNewChild>
-
- $node = $parent->addNewChild( $nsURI, $name );
-
-Similar to C<<<<<< addChild() >>>>>>, this function uses low level libxml2 functionality to provide faster
-interface for DOM building. I<<<<<< addNewChild() >>>>>> uses C<<<<<< xmlNewChild() >>>>>> to create a new node on a given parent element.
-
-addNewChild() has two parameters $nsURI and $name, where $nsURI is an
-(optional) namespace URI. $name is the fully qualified element name;
-addNewChild() will determine the correct prefix if necessary.
-
-The function returns the newly created node.
-
-This function is very useful for DOM building, where a created node can be
-directly associated with its parent. I<<<<<< NOTE >>>>>> this function is not part of the DOM specification and its use will limit your
-code to XML::LibXML.
-
-
-=item B<addSibling>
-
- $node->addSibling($newNode);
-
-addSibling() allows adding an additional node to the end of a nodelist, defined
-by the given node.
-
-
-=item B<cloneNode>
-
- $newnode =$node->cloneNode( $deep );
-
-I<<<<<< cloneNode >>>>>> creates a copy of C<<<<<< $node >>>>>>. When $deep is set to 1 (true) the function will copy all childnodes as well.
-If $deep is 0 only the current node will be copied. Note that in case of
-element, attributes are copied even if $deep is 0.
-
-Note that the behavior of this function for $deep=0 has changed in 1.62 in
-order to be consistent with the DOM spec (in older versions attributes and
-namespace information was not copied for elements).
-
-
-=item B<parentNode>
-
- $parentnode = $node->parentNode;
-
-Returns simply the Parent Node of the current node.
-
-
-=item B<nextSibling>
-
- $nextnode = $node->nextSibling();
-
-Returns the next sibling if any .
-
-
-=item B<previousSibling>
-
- $prevnode = $node->previousSibling();
-
-Analogous to I<<<<<< getNextSibling >>>>>> the function returns the previous sibling if any.
-
-
-=item B<hasChildNodes>
-
- $boolean = $node->hasChildNodes();
-
-If the current node has Childnodes this function returns TRUE (1), otherwise it
-returns FALSE (0, not undef).
-
-
-=item B<firstChild>
-
- $childnode = $node->firstChild;
-
-If a node has childnodes this function will return the first node in the
-childlist.
-
-
-=item B<lastChild>
-
- $childnode = $node->lastChild;
-
-If the C<<<<<< $node >>>>>> has childnodes this function returns the last child node.
-
-
-=item B<ownerDocument>
-
- $documentnode = $node->ownerDocument;
-
-Through this function it is always possible to access the document the current
-node is bound to.
-
-
-=item B<getOwner>
-
- $node = $node->getOwner;
-
-This function returns the node the current node is associated with. In most
-cases this will be a document node or a document fragment node.
-
-
-=item B<setOwnerDocument>
-
- $node->setOwnerDocument( $doc );
-
-This function binds a node to another DOM. This method unbinds the node first,
-if it is already bound to another document.
-
-This function is the opposite calling of L<<<<<< XML::LibXML DOM Document Class|XML::LibXML DOM Document Class >>>>>>'s adoptNode() function. Because of this it has the same limitations with
-Entity References as adoptNode().
-
-
-=item B<insertBefore>
-
- $node->insertBefore( $newNode, $refNode );
-
-The method inserts C<<<<<< $newNode >>>>>> before C<<<<<< $refNode >>>>>>. If C<<<<<< $refNode >>>>>> is undefined, the newNode will be set as the new last child of the parent node.
-This function differs from the DOM L2 specification, in the case, if the new
-node is not part of the document, the node will be imported first,
-automatically.
-
-$refNode has to be passed to the function even if it is undefined:
-
-
-
- $node->insertBefore( $newNode, undef ); # the same as $node->appendChild( $newNode );
- $node->insertBefore( $newNode ); # wrong
-
-Note, that the reference node has to be a direct child of the node the function
-is called on. Also, $newChild is not allowed to be an ancestor of the new
-parent node.
-
-
-=item B<insertAfter>
-
- $node->insertAfter( $newNode, $refNode );
-
-The method inserts C<<<<<< $newNode >>>>>> after C<<<<<< $refNode >>>>>>. If C<<<<<< $refNode >>>>>> is undefined, the newNode will be set as the new last child of the parent node.
-
-Note, that $refNode has to be passed explicitly even if it is undef.
-
-
-=item B<findnodes>
-
- @nodes = $node->findnodes( $xpath_expression );
-
-I<<<<<< findnodes >>>>>> evaluates the xpath expression (XPath 1.0) on the current node and returns the
-resulting node set as an array. In scalar context returns a L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::NodeList|XML::LibXML::NodeList >>>>>> object.
-
-I<<<<<< NOTE ON NAMESPACES AND XPATH >>>>>>:
-
-A common mistake about XPath is to assume that node tests consisting of an
-element name with no prefix match elements in the default namespace. This
-assumption is wrong - by XPath specification, such node tests can only match
-elements that are in no (i.e. null) namespace.
-
-So, for example, one cannot match the root element of an XHTML document with C<<<<<< $node->find('/html') >>>>>> since C<<<<<< '/html' >>>>>> would only match if the root element C<<<<<< <html> >>>>>> had no namespace, but all XHTML elements belong to the namespace
-http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml. (Note that C<<<<<< xmlns="..." >>>>>> namespace declarations can also be specified in a DTD, which makes the
-situation even worse, since the XML document looks as if there was no default
-namespace).
-
-There are several possible ways to deal with namespaces in XPath:
-
-
-=over 4
-
-=item *
-
-The recommended way is to use the L<<<<<< XPath Evaluation|XPath Evaluation >>>>>> module to define an explicit context for XPath evaluation, in which a document
-independent prefix-to-namespace mapping can be defined. For example:
-
-
-
- my $xpc = XML::LibXML::XPathContext->new;
- $xpc->registerNs('x', 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml');
- $xpc->find('/x:html',$node);
-
-
-
-=item *
-
-Another possibility is to use prefixes declared in the queried document (if
-known). If the document declares a prefix for the namespace in question (and
-the context node is in the scope of the declaration), C<<<<<< XML::LibXML >>>>>> allows you to use the prefix in the XPath expression, e.g.:
-
-
-
- $node->find('/x:html');
-
-
-
-=back
-
-See also XML::LibXML::XPathContext->findnodes.
-
-
-=item B<find>
-
- $result = $node->find( $xpath );
-
-I<<<<<< find >>>>>> evaluates the XPath 1.0 expression using the current node as the context of the
-expression, and returns the result depending on what type of result the XPath
-expression had. For example, the XPath "1 * 3 + 52" results in a L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::Number|XML::LibXML::Number >>>>>> object being returned. Other expressions might return a L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::Boolean|XML::LibXML::Boolean >>>>>> object, or a L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::Literal|XML::LibXML::Literal >>>>>> object (a string). Each of those objects uses Perl's overload feature to "do
-the right thing" in different contexts.
-
-See also L<<<<<< XPath Evaluation|XPath Evaluation >>>>>>->find.
-
-
-=item B<findvalue>
-
- print $node->findvalue( $xpath );
-
-I<<<<<< findvalue >>>>>> is exactly equivalent to:
-
-
-
- $node->find( $xpath )->to_literal;
-
-That is, it returns the literal value of the results. This enables you to
-ensure that you get a string back from your search, allowing certain shortcuts.
-This could be used as the equivalent of XSLT's <xsl:value-of
-select="some_xpath"/>.
-
-See also L<<<<<< XPath Evaluation|XPath Evaluation >>>>>>->findvalue.
-
-
-=item B<childNodes>
-
- @childnodes = $node->childNodes;
-
-I<<<<<< getChildnodes >>>>>> implements a more intuitive interface to the childnodes of the current node. It
-enables you to pass all children directly to a C<<<<<< map >>>>>> or C<<<<<< grep >>>>>>. If this function is called in scalar context, a L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::NodeList|XML::LibXML::NodeList >>>>>> object will be returned.
-
-
-=item B<toString>
-
- $xmlstring = $node->toString($format,$docencoding);
-
-This method is similar to the method C<<<<<< toString >>>>>> of a L<<<<<< XML::LibXML DOM Document Class|XML::LibXML DOM Document Class >>>>>> but for a single node. It returns a string consisting of XML serialization of
-the given node and all its descendants. Unlike C<<<<<< XML::LibXML::Document::toString >>>>>>, in this case the resulting string is by default a character string (UTF-8
-encoded with UTF8 flag on). An optional flag $format controls indentation, as
-in C<<<<<< XML::LibXML::Document::toString >>>>>>. If the second optional $docencoding flag is true, the result will be a byte
-string in the document encoding (see C<<<<<< XML::LibXML::Document::actualEncoding >>>>>>).
-
-
-=item B<toStringC14N>
-
- $c14nstring = $node->toStringC14N($with_comments, $xpath_expression);
-
-The function is similar to toString(). Instead of simply serializing the
-document tree, it transforms it as it is specified in the XML-C14N
-Specification (see L<<<<<< http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n|http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n >>>>>>). Such transformation is known as canonization.
-
-If $with_comments is 0 or not defined, the result-document will not contain any
-comments that exist in the original document. To include comments into the
-canonized document, $with_comments has to be set to 1.
-
-The parameter $xpath_expression defines the nodeset of nodes that should be
-visible in the resulting document. This can be used to filter out some nodes.
-One has to note, that only the nodes that are part of the nodeset, will be
-included into the result-document. Their child-nodes will not exist in the
-resulting document, unless they are part of the nodeset defined by the xpath
-expression.
-
-If $xpath_expression is omitted or empty, toStringC14N() will include all nodes
-in the given sub-tree.
-
-
-=item B<toStringEC14N>
-
- $ec14nstring = $node->toStringEC14N($with_comments, $xpath_expression, $inclusive_prefix_list);
-
-The function is similar to toStringC14N() but follows the XML-EXC-C14N
-Specification (see L<<<<<< http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-exc-c14n|http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-exc-c14n >>>>>>) for exclusive canonization of XML.
-
-The first two arguments are as above. If $inclusive_prefix_list is used, it
-should be an ARRAY reference listing namespace prefixes that are to be handled
-in the manner described by the Canonical XML Recommendation (i.e. preserved in
-the output even if the namespace is not used). C.f. the spec for details.
-
-
-=item B<serialize>
-
- $str = $doc->serialize($format);
-
-An alias for toString(). This function was name added to be more consistent
-with libxml2.
-
-
-=item B<serialize_c14n>
-
- $c14nstr = $doc->serialize_c14n($comment_flag,$xpath);
-
-An alias for toStringC14N().
-
-
-=item B<serialize_exc_c14n>
-
- $ec14nstr = $doc->serialize_ec14n($comment_flag,$xpath,$inclusive_prefix_list);
-
-An alias for toStringEC14N().
-
-
-=item B<localname>
-
- $localname = $node->localname;
-
-Returns the local name of a tag. This is the part behind the colon.
-
-
-=item B<prefix>
-
- $nameprefix = $node->prefix;
-
-Returns the prefix of a tag. This is the part before the colon.
-
-
-=item B<namespaceURI>
-
- $uri = $node->namespaceURI();
-
-returns the URI of the current namespace.
-
-
-=item B<hasAttributes>
-
- $boolean = $node->hasAttributes();
-
-returns 1 (TRUE) if the current node has any attributes set, otherwise 0
-(FALSE) is returned.
-
-
-=item B<attributes>
-
- @attributelist = $node->attributes();
-
-This function returns all attributes and namespace declarations assigned to the
-given node.
-
-Because XML::LibXML does not implement namespace declarations and attributes
-the same way, it is required to test what kind of node is handled while
-accessing the functions result.
-
-If this function is called in array context the attribute nodes are returned as
-an array. In scalar context the function will return a L<<<<<< XML::LibXML::NamedNodeMap|XML::LibXML::NamedNodeMap >>>>>> object.
-
-
-=item B<lookupNamespaceURI>
-
- $URI = $node->lookupNamespaceURI( $prefix );
-
-Find a namespace URI by its prefix starting at the current node.
-
-
-=item B<lookupNamespacePrefix>
-
- $prefix = $node->lookupNamespacePrefix( $URI );
-
-Find a namespace prefix by its URI starting at the current node.
-
-I<<<<<< NOTE >>>>>> Only the namespace URIs are meant to be unique. The prefix is only document
-related. Also the document might have more than a single prefix defined for a
-namespace.
-
-
-=item B<normalize>
-
- $node->normalize;
-
-This function normalizes adjacent text nodes. This function is not as strict as
-libxml2's xmlTextMerge() function, since it will not free a node that is still
-referenced by the perl layer.
-
-
-=item B<getNamespaces>
-
- @nslist = $node->getNamespaces;
-
-If a node has any namespaces defined, this function will return these
-namespaces. Note, that this will not return all namespaces that are in scope,
-but only the ones declared explicitly for that node.
-
-Although getNamespaces is available for all nodes, it only makes sense if used
-with element nodes.
-
-
-=item B<removeChildNodes>
-
- $node->removeChildNodes();
-
-This function is not specified for any DOM level: It removes all childnodes
-from a node in a single step. Other than the libxml2 function itself
-(xmlFreeNodeList), this function will not immediately remove the nodes from the
-memory. This saves one from getting memory violations, if there are nodes still
-referred to from the Perl level.
-
-
-=item B<nodePath>
-
- $node->nodePath();
-
-This function is not specified for any DOM level: It returns a canonical
-structure based XPath for a given node.
-
-
-=item B<line_number>
-
- $lineno = $node->line_number();
-
-This function returns the line number where the tag was found during parsing.
-If a node is added to the document the line number is 0. Problems may occur, if
-a node from one document is passed to another one.
-
-IMPORTANT: Due to limitations in the libxml2 library line numbers greater than
-65535 will be returned as 65535. Please see L<<<<<< http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=325533|http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=325533 >>>>>> for more details.
-
-Note: line_number() is special to XML::LibXML and not part of the DOM
-specification.
-
-If the line_numbers flag of the parser was not activated before parsing,
-line_number() will always return 0.
-
-
-
-=back
-
-=head1 AUTHORS
-
-Matt Sergeant,
-Christian Glahn,
-Petr Pajas
-
-
-=head1 VERSION
-
-1.66
-
-=head1 COPYRIGHT
-
-2001-2007, AxKit.com Ltd; 2002-2006 Christian Glahn; 2006-2008 Petr Pajas, All rights reserved.
-
-=cut