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diff --git a/java/com/google/gerrit/testing/InMemoryTestEnvironment.java b/java/com/google/gerrit/testing/InMemoryTestEnvironment.java
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+// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.testing;
+
+import com.google.gerrit.lifecycle.LifecycleManager;
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.client.Account;
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.server.ReviewDb;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.CurrentUser;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.IdentifiedUser;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.account.AccountManager;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.account.AuthRequest;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.schema.SchemaCreator;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.util.RequestContext;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.util.ThreadLocalRequestContext;
+import com.google.gwtorm.server.SchemaFactory;
+import com.google.inject.Guice;
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import com.google.inject.Injector;
+import com.google.inject.Provider;
+import com.google.inject.util.Providers;
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+import org.junit.rules.MethodRule;
+import org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod;
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
+
+/**
+ * An in-memory test environment for integration tests.
+ *
+ * <p>This test environment emulates the internals of a Gerrit server without starting a Gerrit
+ * site. ReviewDb as well as NoteDb are represented by in-memory representations.
+ *
+ * <p>Each test is executed with a fresh and clean test environment. Hence, modifications applied in
+ * one test don't carry over to subsequent ones.
+ */
+public final class InMemoryTestEnvironment implements MethodRule {
+  private final Provider<Config> configProvider;
+
+  @Inject private AccountManager accountManager;
+  @Inject private IdentifiedUser.GenericFactory userFactory;
+  @Inject private SchemaFactory<ReviewDb> schemaFactory;
+  @Inject private SchemaCreator schemaCreator;
+  @Inject private ThreadLocalRequestContext requestContext;
+  // Only for use in setting up/tearing down injector.
+  @Inject private InMemoryDatabase inMemoryDatabase;
+
+  private ReviewDb db;
+  private LifecycleManager lifecycle;
+
+  /** Create a test environment using an empty base config. */
+  public InMemoryTestEnvironment() {
+    this(Config::new);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a test environment using the specified base config.
+   *
+   * <p>The config is passed as a provider so it can be lazily initialized after this rule is
+   * instantiated, for example using {@link ConfigSuite}.
+   *
+   * @param configProvider possibly-lazy provider for the base config.
+   */
+  public InMemoryTestEnvironment(Provider<Config> configProvider) {
+    this.configProvider = configProvider;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Statement apply(Statement base, FrameworkMethod method, Object target) {
+    return new Statement() {
+      @Override
+      public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
+        try {
+          setUp(target);
+          base.evaluate();
+        } finally {
+          tearDown();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  public void setApiUser(Account.Id id) {
+    IdentifiedUser user = userFactory.create(id);
+    requestContext.setContext(
+        new RequestContext() {
+          @Override
+          public CurrentUser getUser() {
+            return user;
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public Provider<ReviewDb> getReviewDbProvider() {
+            return Providers.of(db);
+          }
+        });
+  }
+
+  private void setUp(Object target) throws Exception {
+    Config cfg = configProvider.get();
+    InMemoryModule.setDefaults(cfg);
+
+    Injector injector =
+        Guice.createInjector(new InMemoryModule(cfg, NoteDbMode.newNotesMigrationFromEnv()));
+    injector.injectMembers(this);
+    lifecycle = new LifecycleManager();
+    lifecycle.add(injector);
+    lifecycle.start();
+
+    try (ReviewDb underlyingDb = inMemoryDatabase.getDatabase().open()) {
+      schemaCreator.create(underlyingDb);
+    }
+    db = schemaFactory.open();
+
+    // The first user is added to the "Administrators" group. See AccountManager#create().
+    setApiUser(accountManager.authenticate(AuthRequest.forUser("admin")).getAccountId());
+
+    // Inject target members after setting API user, so it can @Inject a ReviewDb if it wants.
+    injector.injectMembers(target);
+  }
+
+  private void tearDown() {
+    if (lifecycle != null) {
+      lifecycle.stop();
+    }
+    if (requestContext != null) {
+      requestContext.setContext(null);
+    }
+    if (db != null) {
+      db.close();
+    }
+    InMemoryDatabase.drop(inMemoryDatabase);
+  }
+}