summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/doc/src/deployment/deployment.qdoc
blob: 51974afeacb9d507cd25e96962ded5b0c29e5699 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
** All rights reserved.
** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
**
** This file is part of the documentation of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
** No Commercial Usage
** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed.
** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions
** contained in the Technology Preview License Agreement accompanying
** this package.
**
** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
** packaging of this file.  Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
**
** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain additional
** rights.  These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL Exception
** version 1.1, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this package.
**
** If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
** Nokia at qt-info@nokia.com.
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/

/*!
    \page deployment.html
    \title Deploying Qt Applications

    Deploying an Qt application does not require any C++
    programming. All you need to do is to build Qt and your
    application in release mode, following the procedures described in
    this documentation. We will demonstrate the procedures in terms of
    deploying the \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application
    that is provided in Qt's examples directory.

    \section1 Static vs. Shared Libraries

    There are two ways of deploying an application:

    \list
        \o Static Linking
        \o Shared Libraries (Frameworks on Mac)
    \endlist

    Static linking results in a stand-alone executable. The advantage
    is that you will only have a few files to deploy. The
    disadvantages are that the executables are large and with no
    flexibility (i.e a new version of the application, or of Qt, will
    require that the deployment process is repeated), and that you
    cannot deploy plugins.

    To deploy plugin-based applications, you can use the shared
    library approach. Shared libraries also provide smaller, more
    flexible executables. For example, using the shared library
    approach, the user is able to independently upgrade the Qt library
    used by the application.

    Another reason why you might want to use the shared library
    approach, is if you want to use the same Qt libraries for a family
    of applications. In fact, if you download the binary installation
    of Qt, you get Qt as a shared library.

    The disadvantage with the shared library approach is that you
    will get more files to deploy. For more information, see
    \l{sharedlibrary.html}{Creating Shared Libraries}.

    \section1 Deploying Qt's Libraries

    \table
    \header
        \o {4,1} Qt's Libraries
    \row
        \o \l {QAxContainer}
        \o \l {QAxServer}
        \o \l {QtCore}
        \o \l {QtDBus}
    \row
        \o \l {QtDesigner}
        \o \l {QtGui}
        \o \l {QtHelp}
        \o \l {QtNetwork}
    \row
        \o \l {QtOpenGL}
        \o \l {QtScript}
        \o \l {QtScriptTools}
        \o \l {QtSql}
    \row
        \o \l {QtSvg}
        \o \l {QtWebKit}
        \o \l {QtXml}
        \o \l {QtXmlPatterns}
    \row
        \o \l {Phonon Module}{Phonon}
        \o \l {Qt3Support}
    \endtable

    Since Qt is not a system library, it has to be redistributed along
    with your application; the minimum is to redistribute the run-time
    of the libraries used by the application.  Using static linking,
    however, the Qt run-time is compiled into the executable.

    In general, you should deploy all plugins that your build of Qt uses,
    excluding only those that you have identified as being unnecessary
    for your application and its users.

    For instance, you may need to deploy plugins for JPEG support and
    SQL drivers, but you should also deploy plugins that your users may
    require, including those for accessibility.
    For more information about plugins, see the
    \l{plugins-howto.html}{How to Create Qt Plugins} documentation.

    When deploying an application using the shared library approach
    you must ensure that the Qt libraries will use the correct path to
    find the Qt plugins, documentation, translation etc. To do this you
    can use a \c qt.conf file. For more information, see the \l {Using
    qt.conf} documentation.

    Depending on configuration, compiler specific libraries must be
    redistributed as well. For more information, see the platform
    specific Application Dependencies sections: \l
    {deployment-x11.html#application-dependencies}{X11}, \l
    {deployment-windows.html#application-dependencies}{Windows}, \l
    {deployment-mac.html#application-dependencies}{Mac}.

    \section1 Licensing

    Some of Qt's libraries are based on third party libraries that are
    not licensed using the same dual-license model as Qt. As a result,
    care must be taken when deploying applications that use these
    libraries, particularly when the application is statically linked
    to them.

    The following table contains an inexhaustive summary of the issues
    you should be aware of.

    \table
    \header \o Qt Library \o Dependency
            \o Licensing Issue
    \row    \o QtHelp     \o CLucene
    \o The version of clucene distributed with Qt is licensed
    under the GNU LGPL version 2.1 or later. This has implications for
    developers of closed source applications. Please see
    \l{QtHelp Module#License Information}{the QtHelp module documentation}
    for more information.

    \row    \o QtNetwork  \o OpenSSL
    \o Some configurations of QtNetwork use OpenSSL at run-time. Deployment
    of OpenSSL libraries is subject to both licensing and export restrictions.
    More information can be found in the \l{Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Classes}
    documentation.

    \row    \o QtWebKit   \o WebKit
    \o WebKit is licensed under the GNU LGPL version 2 or later.
    This has implications for developers of closed source applications.
    Please see \l{QtWebKit Module#License Information}{the QtWebKit module
    documentation} for more information.

    \row    \o \l{Phonon Module}{Phonon}     \o Phonon
    \o Phonon relies on the native multimedia engines on different platforms.
    Phonon itself is licensed under the GNU LGPL version 2. Please see
    \l{Phonon Module#License Information}{the Phonon module documentation}
    for more information on licensing and the
    \l{Phonon Overview#Backends}{Phonon Overview} for details of the backends
    in use on different platforms.
    \endtable

    \section1 Platform-Specific Notes

    The procedure of deploying Qt applications is different for the
    various platforms:

    \list
        \o \l{Deploying an Application on X11 Platforms}{Qt for X11 Platforms}
        \o \l{Deploying an Application on Windows}{Qt for Windows}
        \o \l{Deploying an Application on Mac OS X}{Qt for Mac OS X}
        \o \l{Deploying Qt for Embedded Linux Applications}{Qt for Embedded Linux}
        \o \l{Deploying an Application on the Symbian platform}{Qt for the Symbian platform}
    \endlist

    \sa Installation {Platform-Specific Documentation}
*/

/*!
    \page deployment-x11.html
    \contentspage Deploying Qt Applications

    \title Deploying an Application on X11 Platforms

    Due to the proliferation of Unix systems (commercial Unices, Linux
    distributions, etc.), deployment on Unix is a complex
    topic. Before we start, be aware that programs compiled for one
    Unix flavor will probably not run on a different Unix system. For
    example, unless you use a cross-compiler, you cannot compile your
    application on Irix and distribute it on AIX.

    Contents:

    \tableofcontents

    This documentation will describe how to determine which files you
    should include in your distribution, and how to make sure that the
    application will find them at run-time. We will demonstrate the
    procedures in terms of deploying the \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug
    & Paint} application that is provided in Qt's examples directory.

    \section1 Static Linking

    Static linking is often the safest and easiest way to distribute
    an application on Unix since it relieves you from the task of
    distributing the Qt libraries and ensuring that they are located
    in the default search path for libraries on the target system.

    \section2 Building Qt Statically

    To use this approach, you must start by installing a static version
    of the Qt library:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 0

    We specify the prefix so that we do not overwrite the existing Qt
    installation. The example above only builds the Qt libraries,
    i.e. the examples and Qt Designer will not be built.  When \c make
    is done, you will find the Qt libraries in the \c /path/to/Qt/lib
    directory.

    When linking your application against static Qt libraries, note
    that you might need to add more libraries to the \c LIBS line in
    your project file. For more information, see the \l {Application
    Dependencies} section.

    \section2 Linking the Application to the Static Version of Qt

    Once Qt is built statically, the next step is to regenerate the
    makefile and rebuild the application. First, we must go into the
    directory that contains the application:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 1

    Now run qmake to create a new makefile for the application, and do
    a clean build to create the statically linked executable:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 2

    You probably want to link against the release libraries, and you
    can specify this when invoking \c qmake. Note that we must set the
    path to the static Qt that we just built.

    To check that the application really links statically with Qt, run
    the \c ldd tool (available on most Unices):

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 3

    Verify that the Qt libraries are not mentioned in the output.

    Now, provided that everything compiled and linked without any
    errors, we should have a \c plugandpaint file that is ready for
    deployment. One easy way to check that the application really can
    be run stand-alone is to copy it to a machine that doesn't have Qt
    or any Qt applications installed, and run it on that machine.

    Remember that if your application depends on compiler specific
    libraries, these must still be redistributed along with your
    application. For more information, see the \l {Application
    Dependencies} section.

    The \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} example consists of
    several components: The core application (\l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint}), and the \l
    {tools/plugandpaintplugins/basictools}{Basic Tools} and \l
    {tools/plugandpaintplugins/extrafilters}{Extra Filters}
    plugins. Since we cannot deploy plugins using the static linking
    approach, the executable we have prepared so far is
    incomplete. The application will run, but the functionality will
    be disabled due to the missing plugins. To deploy plugin-based
    applications we should use the shared library approach.

    \section1 Shared Libraries

    We have two challenges when deploying the \l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application using the shared
    libraries approach: The Qt runtime has to be correctly
    redistributed along with the application executable, and the
    plugins have to be installed in the correct location on the target
    system so that the application can find them.

    \section2 Building Qt as a Shared Library

    We assume that you already have installed Qt as a shared library,
    which is the default when installing Qt, in the \c /path/to/Qt
    directory. For more information on how to build Qt, see the \l
    {Installation} documentation.

    \section2 Linking the Application to Qt as a Shared Library

    After ensuring that Qt is built as a shared library, we can build
    the \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application. First, we
    must go into the directory that contains the application:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 4

    Now run qmake to create a new makefile for the application, and do
    a clean build to create the dynamically linked executable:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 5

    This builds the core application, the following will build the
    plugins:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 6

    If everything compiled and linked without any errors, we will get
    a \c plugandpaint executable and the \c libpnp_basictools.so and
    \c libpnp_extrafilters.so plugin files.

    \section2 Creating the Application Package

    There is no standard package management on Unix, so the method we
    present below is a generic solution. See the documentation for
    your target system for information on how to create a package.

    To deploy the application, we must make sure that we copy the
    relevant Qt libraries (corresponding to the Qt modules used in the
    application) as well as the executable to the same
    directory. Remember that if your application depends on compiler
    specific libraries, these must also be redistributed along with
    your application. For more information, see the \l {Application
    Dependencies} section.

    We'll cover the plugins shortly, but the main issue with shared
    libraries is that you must ensure that the dynamic linker will
    find the Qt libraries. Unless told otherwise, the dynamic linker
    doesn't search the directory where your application resides. There
    are many ways to solve this:

    \list
    
    \o You can install the Qt libraries in one of the system
       library paths (e.g. \c /usr/lib on most systems).

    \o You can pass a predetermined path to the \c -rpath command-line
       option when linking the application. This will tell the dynamic
       linker to look in this directory when starting your application.

    \o You can write a startup script for your application, where you
       modify the dynamic linker configuration (e.g.  adding your
       application's directory to the \c LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment
       variable. \note If your application will be running with "Set
       user ID on execution," and if it will be owned by root, then
       LD_LIBRARY_PATH will be ignored on some platforms. In this
       case, use of the LD_LIBRARY_PATH approach is not an option).

    \endlist

    The disadvantage of the first approach is that the user must have
    super user privileges. The disadvantage of the second approach is
    that the user may not have privileges to install into the
    predetemined path. In either case, the users don't have the option
    of installing to their home directory. We recommend using the
    third approach since it is the most flexible. For example, a \c
    plugandpaint.sh script will look like this:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 7

    By running this script instead of the executable, you are sure
    that the Qt libraries will be found by the dynamic linker. Note
    that you only have to rename the script to use it with other
    applications.

    When looking for plugins, the application searches in a plugins
    subdirectory inside the directory of the application
    executable. Either you have to manually copy the plugins into the
    \c plugins directory, or you can set the \c DESTDIR in the
    plugins' project files:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 8

    An archive distributing all the Qt libraries, and all the plugins,
    required to run the \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint}
    application, would have to include the following files:

    \table 100%
    \header
        \o Component \o {2, 1} File Name
    \row
        \o The executable
        \o {2, 1} \c plugandpaint
    \row
        \o The script to run the executable
        \o {2, 1} \c plugandpaint.sh
    \row
        \o The Basic Tools plugin
        \o {2, 1} \c plugins\libpnp_basictools.so
    \row
        \o The ExtraFilters plugin
        \o {2, 1} \c plugins\libpnp_extrafilters.so
    \row
        \o The Qt Core module
        \o {2, 1} \c libQtCore.so.4
    \row
        \o The Qt GUI module
        \o {2, 1} \c libQtGui.so.4
    \endtable

    On most systems, the extension for shared libraries is \c .so. A
    notable exception is HP-UX, which uses \c .sl.

    Remember that if your application depends on compiler specific
    libraries, these must still be redistributed along with your
    application. For more information, see the \l {Application
    Dependencies} section.

    To verify that the application now can be successfully deployed,
    you can extract this archive on a machine without Qt and without
    any compiler installed, and try to run it, i.e. run the \c
    plugandpaint.sh script.

    An alternative to putting the plugins in the \c plugins
    subdirectory is to add a custom search path when you start your
    application using QApplication::addLibraryPath() or
    QApplication::setLibraryPaths().

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 9

    \section1 Application Dependencies

    \section2 Additional Libraries

    To find out which libraries your application depends on, run the
    \c ldd tool (available on most Unices):

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 10

    This will list all the shared library dependencies for your
    application. Depending on configuration, these libraries must be
    redistributed along with your application. In particular, the
    standard C++ library must be redistributed if you're compiling
    your application with a compiler that is binary incompatible with
    the system compiler. When possible, the safest solution is to link
    against these libraries statically.

    You will probably want to link dynamically with the regular X11
    libraries, since some implementations will try to open other
    shared libraries with \c dlopen(), and if this fails, the X11
    library might cause your application to crash.

    It's also worth mentioning that Qt will look for certain X11
    extensions, such as Xinerama and Xrandr, and possibly pull them
    in, including all the libraries that they link against. If you
    can't guarantee the presence of a certain extension, the safest
    approach is to disable it when configuring Qt (e.g. \c {./configure
    -no-xrandr}).

    FontConfig and FreeType are other examples of libraries that
    aren't always available or that aren't always binary
    compatible. As strange as it may sound, some software vendors have
    had success by compiling their software on very old machines and
    have been very careful not to upgrade any of the software running
    on them.

    When linking your application against the static Qt libraries, you
    must explicitly link with the dependent libraries mentioned
    above. Do this by adding them to the \c LIBS variable in your
    project file.

    \section2 Qt Plugins

    Your application may also depend on one or more Qt plugins, such
    as the JPEG image format plugin or a SQL driver plugin. Be sure
    to distribute any Qt plugins that you need with your application,
    and note that each type of plugin should be located within a
    specific subdirectory (such as \c imageformats or \c sqldrivers)
    within your distribution directory, as described below.

    \note If you are deploying an application that uses QtWebKit to display
    HTML pages from the World Wide Web, you should include all text codec
    plugins to support as many HTML encodings possible. 

    The search path for Qt plugins (as well as a few other paths) is
    hard-coded into the QtCore library. By default, the first plugin
    search path will be hard-coded as \c /path/to/Qt/plugins. As
    mentioned above, using pre-determined paths has certain
    disadvantages, so you need to examine various alternatives to make
    sure that the Qt plugins are found:

    \list

    \o \l{qt-conf.html}{Using \c qt.conf}. This is the recommended
    approach since it provides the most flexibility.

    \o Using QApplication::addLibraryPath() or
    QApplication::setLibraryPaths().

    \o Using a third party installation utility or the target system's
    package manager to change the hard-coded paths in the QtCore
    library.

    \endlist

    The \l{How to Create Qt Plugins} document outlines the issues you
    need to pay attention to when building and deploying plugins for
    Qt applications.
*/

/*!
    \page deployment-windows.html
    \contentspage Deploying Qt Applications

    \title Deploying an Application on Windows

    This documentation will describe how to determine which files you
    should include in your distribution, and how to make sure that the
    application will find them at run-time. We will demonstrate the
    procedures in terms of deploying the \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug
    & Paint} application that is provided in Qt's examples directory.

    Contents:

    \tableofcontents

    \section1 Static Linking

    If you want to keep things simple by only having a few files to
    deploy, i.e. a stand-alone executable with the associated compiler
    specific DLLs, then you must build everything statically.

    \section2 Building Qt Statically

    Before we can build our application we must make sure that Qt is
    built statically. To do this, go to a command prompt and type the
    following:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 11

    Remember to specify any other options you need, such as data base
    drivers, as arguments to \c configure. Once \c configure has
    finished, type the following:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 12

    This will build Qt statically. Note that unlike with a dynamic build,
    building Qt statically will result in libraries without version numbers;
    e.g. \c QtCore4.lib will be \c QtCore.lib. Also, we have used \c nmake
    in all the examples, but if you use MinGW you must use
    \c mingw32-make instead.

    \note If you later need to reconfigure and rebuild Qt from the
    same location, ensure that all traces of the previous configuration are
    removed by entering the build directory and typing \c{nmake distclean}
    before running \c configure again.

    \section2 Linking the Application to the Static Version of Qt

    Once Qt has finished building we can build the \l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application. First we must go
    into the directory that contains the application:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 13

    We must then run \c qmake to create a new makefile for the
    application, and do a clean build to create the statically linked
    executable:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 14

    You probably want to link against the release libraries, and you
    can specify this when invoking \c qmake. Now, provided that
    everything compiled and linked without any errors, we should have
    a \c plugandpaint.exe file that is ready for deployment. One easy
    way to check that the application really can be run stand-alone is
    to copy it to a machine that doesn't have Qt or any Qt
    applications installed, and run it on that machine.

    Remember that if your application depends on compiler specific
    libraries, these must still be redistributed along with your
    application. You can check which libraries your application is
    linking against by using the \c depends tool. For more
    information, see the \l {Application Dependencies} section.

    The \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} example consists of
    several components: The application itself (\l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint}), and the \l
    {tools/plugandpaintplugins/basictools}{Basic Tools} and \l
    {tools/plugandpaintplugins/extrafilters}{Extra Filters}
    plugins. Since we cannot deploy plugins using the static linking
    approach, the application we have prepared is incomplete. It will
    run, but the functionality will be disabled due to the missing
    plugins. To deploy plugin-based applications we should use the
    shared library approach.

    \section1 Shared Libraries

    We have two challenges when deploying the \l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application using the shared
    libraries approach: The Qt runtime has to be correctly
    redistributed along with the application executable, and the
    plugins have to be installed in the correct location on the target
    system so that the application can find them.

    \section2 Building Qt as a Shared Library

    We assume that you already have installed Qt as a shared library,
    which is the default when installing Qt, in the \c C:\path\to\Qt
    directory. For more information on how to build Qt, see the \l
    {Installation} documentation.

    \section2 Linking the Application to Qt as a Shared Library

    After ensuring that Qt is built as a shared library, we can build
    the \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application. First, we
    must go into the directory that contains the application:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 15

    Now run \c qmake to create a new makefile for the application, and
    do a clean build to create the dynamically linked executable:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 16

    This builds the core application, the following will build the
    plugins:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 17

    If everything compiled and linked without any errors, we will get
    a \c plugandpaint.exe executable and the \c pnp_basictools.dll and
    \c pnp_extrafilters.dll plugin files.

    \section2 Creating the Application Package

    To deploy the application, we must make sure that we copy the
    relevant Qt DLL (corresponding to the Qt modules used in
    the application) as well as the executable to the same directory
    in the \c release subdirectory.

    Remember that if your application depends on compiler specific
    libraries, these must be redistributed along with your
    application. You can check which libraries your application is
    linking against by using the \c depends tool. For more
    information, see the \l {Application Dependencies} section.

    We'll cover the plugins shortly, but first we'll check that the
    application will work in a deployed environment: Either copy the
    executable and the Qt DLLs to a machine that doesn't have Qt
    or any Qt applications installed, or if you want to test on the
    build machine, ensure that the machine doesn't have Qt in its
    environment.

    If the application starts without any problems, then we have
    successfully made a dynamically linked version of the \l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application. But the
    application's functionality will still be missing since we have
    not yet deployed the associated plugins.

    Plugins work differently to normal DLLs, so we can't just
    copy them into the same directory as our application's executable
    as we did with the Qt DLLs.  When looking for plugins, the
    application searches in a \c plugins subdirectory inside the
    directory of the application executable.

    So to make the plugins available to our application, we have to
    create the \c plugins subdirectory and copy over the relevant DLLs:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 18

    An archive distributing all the Qt DLLs and application
    specific plugins required to run the \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug
    & Paint} application, would have to include the following files:

    \table 100%
    \header
        \o Component \o {2, 1} File Name
    \row
        \o The executable
        \o {2, 1} \c plugandpaint.exe
    \row
        \o The Basic Tools plugin
        \o {2, 1} \c plugins\pnp_basictools.dll
    \row
        \o The ExtraFilters plugin
        \o {2, 1} \c plugins\pnp_extrafilters.dll
    \row
        \o The Qt Core module
        \o {2, 1} \c qtcore4.dll
    \row
        \o The Qt GUI module
        \o {2, 1} \c qtgui4.dll
    \endtable

    In addition, the archive must contain the following compiler
    specific libraries depending on your version of Visual Studio:

    \table 100%
    \header
        \o \o VC++ 6.0 \o VC++ 7.1 (2003) \o VC++ 8.0 (2005) \o VC++ 9.0 (2008)
    \row
        \o The C run-time
        \o \c msvcrt.dll
        \o \c msvcr71.dll
        \o \c msvcr80.dll
        \o \c msvcr90.dll
    \row
        \o The C++ run-time
        \o \c msvcp60.dll
        \o \c msvcp71.dll
        \o \c msvcp80.dll
        \o \c msvcp90.dll
    \endtable

    To verify that the application now can be successfully deployed,
    you can extract this archive on a machine without Qt and without
    any compiler installed, and try to run it.

    An alternative to putting the plugins in the plugins subdirectory
    is to add a custom search path when you start your application
    using QApplication::addLibraryPath() or
    QApplication::setLibraryPaths().

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 19

    One benefit of using plugins is that they can easily be made
    available to a whole family of applications.

    It's often most convenient to add the path in the application's \c
    main() function, right after the QApplication object is
    created. Once the path is added, the application will search it
    for plugins, in addition to looking in the \c plugins subdirectory
    in the application's own directory. Any number of additional paths
    can be added.

    \section2 Visual Studio 2005 Onwards

    When deploying an application compiled with Visual Studio 2005 onwards,
    there are some additional steps to be taken.

    First, we need to copy the manifest file created when linking the
    application. This manifest file contains information about the
    application's dependencies on side-by-side assemblies, such as the runtime
    libraries.

    The manifest file needs to be copied into the \bold same folder as the
    application executable. You do not need to copy the manifest files for
    shared libraries (DLLs), since they are not used.

    If the shared library has dependencies that are different from the
    application using it, the manifest file needs to be embedded into the DLL
    binary. Since Qt 4.1.3, the follwoing \c CONFIG options are available for
    embedding manifests:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 20

    To use the options, add

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 21

    to your .pro file. The \c embed_manifest_dll option is enabled by default.

    You can find more information about manifest files and side-by-side
    assemblies at the
    \l {http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376307.aspx}{MSDN website}.

    The correct way to include the runtime libraries with your application
    is to ensure that they are installed on the end-user's system.

    To install the runtime libraries on the end-user's system, you need to
    include the appropriate Visual C++ Redistributable Package (VCRedist)
    executable with your application and ensure that it is executed when the
    user installs your application.

    For example, on an 32-bit x86-based system, you would include the
    \l{http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=32BC1BEE-A3F9-4C13-9C99-220B62A191EE}{vcredist_x86.exe}
    executable. The \l{http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=526BF4A7-44E6-4A91-B328-A4594ADB70E5}{vcredist_IA64.exe}
    and \l{http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=90548130-4468-4BBC-9673-D6ACABD5D13B}{vcredist_x64.exe}
    executables provide the appropriate libraries for the IA64 and 64-bit x86
    architectures, respectively.

    \note The application you ship must be compiled with exactly the same
    compiler version against the same C runtime version. This prevents
    deploying errors caused by different versions of the C runtime libraries.

    \section2 Visual Studio 2008 And Manual Installs

    As well as the above details for VS 2005 and onwards, Visual Studio 2008
    applications may have problems when deploying manually, say to a USB
    stick.

    The recommended procedure is to configure Qt with the \c -plugin-manifests
    option using the 'configure' tool. Then follow the \l {http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms235291(VS.80).aspx}{guidelines}
    for manually deploying private assemblies.

    In brief the steps are

    \list 1

        \o create a folder structure on the development computer that will match the target USB stick directory structure, for example '\\app' and for your dlls, '\\app\\lib'.

        \o on the development computer, from the appropriate 'redist' folder copy over Microsoft.VC80.CRT and Microsoft.VC80.MFC to the directories '\\app' and '\\app\\lib' on the development PC.

        \o xcopy the \\app folder to the target USB stick.
    \endlist

    Your application should now run. Also be aware that even with a service
    pack installed the Windows DLLs that are linked to will be the defaults. See
    the information on \l {http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc664727.aspx}{how to select the appropriate target DLLs}.

    \section1 Application Dependencies

    \section2 Additional Libraries

    Depending on configuration, compiler specific libraries must be
    redistributed along with your application. You can check which
    libraries your application is linking against by using the
    \l{Dependency Walker} tool. All you need to do is to run it like
    this:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 24

    This will provide a list of the libraries that your application
    depends on and other information.

    \image deployment-windows-depends.png

    When looking at the release build of the Plug & Paint executable
    (\c plugandpaint.exe) with the \c depends tool, the tool lists the
    following immediate dependencies to non-system libraries:

    \table 100%
        \header
            \o Qt
            \o VC++ 6.0
            \o VC++ 7.1 (2003)
            \o VC++ 8.0 (2005)
            \o MinGW
        \row
        \o \list
               \o QTCORE4.DLL - The QtCore runtime
               \o QTGUI4.DLL - The QtGui runtime
           \endlist
        \o \list
               \o MSVCRT.DLL - The C runtime
               \o MSVCP60.DLL - The C++ runtime (only when STL is installed)
           \endlist
        \o \list
               \o MSVCR71.DLL - The C runtime
               \o MSVCP71.DLL - The C++ runtime (only when STL is installed)
           \endlist
        \o \list
               \o MSVCR80.DLL - The C runtime
               \o MSVCP80.DLL - The C++ runtime (only when STL is installed)
           \endlist
        \o \list
               \o MINGWM10.DLL - The MinGW run-time
           \endlist
    \endtable

    When looking at the plugin DLLs the exact same dependencies
    are listed.

    \section2 Qt Plugins

    Your application may also depend on one or more Qt plugins, such
    as the JPEG image format plugin or a SQL driver plugin. Be sure
    to distribute any Qt plugins that you need with your application,
    and note that each type of plugin should be located within a
    specific subdirectory (such as \c imageformats or \c sqldrivers)
    within your distribution directory, as described below.

    \note If you are deploying an application that uses QtWebKit to display
    HTML pages from the World Wide Web, you should include all text codec
    plugins to support as many HTML encodings possible. 

    The search path for Qt plugins is hard-coded into the QtCore library. 
    By default, the plugins subdirectory of the Qt installation is the first 
    plugin search path. However, pre-determined paths like the default one 
    have certain disadvantages. For example, they may not exist on the target 
    machine. For that reason, you need to examine various alternatives to make 
    sure that the Qt plugins are found:

    \list

    \o \l{qt-conf.html}{Using \c qt.conf}. This approach is the recommended 
    if you have executables in different places sharing the same plugins.

    \o Using QApplication::addLibraryPath() or
    QApplication::setLibraryPaths(). This approach is recommended if you only 
    have one executable that will use the plugin. 

    \o Using a third party installation utility to change the
    hard-coded paths in the QtCore library.

    \endlist

    If you add a custom path using QApplication::addLibraryPath it could 
    look like this:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 54

    Then qApp->libraryPaths() would return something like this:

    "C:/customPath/plugins " 
    "C:/Qt/%VERSION%/plugins" 
    "E:/myApplication/directory/"

    The executable will look for the plugins in these directories and 
    the same order as the QStringList returned by qApp->libraryPaths(). 
    The newly added path is prepended to the qApp->libraryPaths() which 
    means that it will be searched through first. However, if you use 
    qApp->setLibraryPaths(), you will be able to determend which paths 
    and in which order they will be searched.

    The \l{How to Create Qt Plugins} document outlines the issues you
    need to pay attention to when building and deploying plugins for
    Qt applications.

    \section1 Related Third Party Resources

    \list
    \o \l{http://silmor.de/29}{Cross compiling Qt/Win Apps on Linux} covers the
    process of cross-compiling Windows applications on Linux.
    \o \l{http://divided-mind.blogspot.com/2007/09/cross-compiling-qt4win-on-linux.html}
    {Cross-compiling Qt4/Win on Linux} provides another Linux-to-Windows
    cross-compilation guide.
    \endlist
*/

/*!
    \page deployment-mac.html
    \contentspage Deploying Qt Applications

    \title Deploying an Application on Mac OS X

    Beginning with Qt 4.5, a \l {macdeploy}{deployment tool} is
    included that automates the prodecures described here.

    This document describes how to create a bundle and how to make
    sure that the application will find the resources it needs at
    run-time. We demonstrate the procedures in terms of deploying the
    \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application that is provided
    in Qt's examples directory.
    
    \tableofcontents

    \section1 The Bundle

    On the Mac, a GUI application must be built and run from a
    bundle. A bundle is a directory structure that appears as a single
    entity when viewed in the Finder. A bundle for an application
    typcially contains the executable and all the resources it
    needs. See the image below:

    \image deployment-mac-bundlestructure.png

    The bundle provides many advantages to the user. One primary
    advantage is that, since it is a single entity, it allows for
    drag-and-drop installation. As a programmer you can access bundle
    information in your own code. This is specific to Mac OS X and
    beyond the scope of this document. More information about bundles
    is available on \l
    {http://developer.apple.com/documentation/CoreFoundation/Conceptual/CFBundles/index.html}{Apple's Developer Website}.

    A Qt command line application on Mac OS X works similar to a
    command line application on Unix and Windows. You probably don't
    want to run it in a bundle: Add this to your application's .pro:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 26

    This will tell \c qmake not to put the executable inside a
    bundle. Please refer to the \l{Deploying an Application on
    X11 Platforms}{X11 deployment documentation} for information about how
    to deploy these "bundle-less" applications.

    \section1 Xcode

    We will only concern ourselves with command-line tools here. While
    it is possible to use Xcode for this, Xcode has changed enough
    between each version that it makes it difficult to document it
    perfectly for each version. A future version of this document may
    include more information for using Xcode in the deployment
    process.

    \section1 Static Linking

    If you want to keep things simple by only having a few files to
    deploy, then you must build everything statically.

    \section2 Building Qt Statically

    Start by installing a static version of the Qt library. Remember
    that you will not be able to use plugins and you must build in all
    the image formats, SQL drivers, etc..

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 27

    You can check the various options that are available by running \c
    configure -help.

    \section2 Linking the Application to the Static Version of Qt

    Once Qt is built statically, the next step is to regenerate the
    makefile and rebuild the application. First, we must go into the
    directory that contains the application:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 28

    Now run \c qmake to create a new makefile for the application, and do
    a clean build to create the statically linked executable:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 29

    You probably want to link against the release libraries, and you
    can specify this when invoking \c qmake. If you have Xcode Tools
    1.5 or higher installed, you may want to take advantage of "dead
    code stripping" to reduce the size of your binary even more. You
    can do this by passing \c {LIBS+= -dead_strip} to \c qmake in
    addition to the \c {-config release} parameter. This doesn't have
    as large an effect if you are using GCC 4, since Qt will then have
    function visibility hints built-in, but if you use GCC 3.3, it
    could make a difference.

    Now, provided that everything compiled and linked without any
    errors, we should have a \c plugandpaint.app bundle that is ready
    for deployment. One easy way to check that the application really
    can be run stand-alone is to copy the bundle to a machine that
    doesn't have Qt or any Qt applications installed, and run the
    application on that machine.

    You can check what other libraries your application links to using
    the \c otool:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 30

    Here is what the output looks like for the static \l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint}:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 31

    For more information, see the \l {Application Dependencies}
    section.

    If you see \e Qt libraries in the output, it probably
    means that you have both dynamic and static Qt libraries installed
    on your machine. The linker will always choose dynamic over
    static. There are two solutions: Either move your Qt dynamic
    libraries (\c .dylibs) away to another directory while you link
    the application and then move them back, or edit the \c Makefile
    and replace link lines for the Qt libraries with the absolute path
    to the static libraries. For example, replace

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 32

    with

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 33

    The \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} example consists of
    several components: The core application (\l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint}), and the \l
    {tools/plugandpaintplugins/basictools}{Basic Tools} and \l
    {tools/plugandpaintplugins/extrafilters}{Extra Filters}
    plugins. Since we cannot deploy plugins using the static linking
    approach, the bundle we have prepared so far is incomplete. The
    application will run, but the functionality will be disabled due
    to the missing plugins. To deploy plugin-based applications we
    should use the framework approach.

    \section1 Frameworks

    We have two challenges when deploying the \l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application using frameworks:
    The Qt runtime has to be correctly redistributed along with the
    application bundle, and the plugins have to be installed in the
    correct location so that the application can find them.

    When distributing Qt with your application using frameworks, you
    have two options: You can either distribute Qt as a private
    framework within your application bundle, or you can distribute Qt
    as a standard framework (alternatively use the Qt frameworks in
    the installed binary). These two approaches are essentially the
    same. The latter option is good if you have many Qt applications
    and you would prefer to save memory. The former is good if you
    have Qt built in a special way, or want to make sure the framework
    is there. It just comes down to where you place the Qt frameworks.

    \section2 Building Qt as Frameworks

    We assume that you already have installed Qt as frameworks, which
    is the default when installing Qt, in the /path/to/Qt
    directory. For more information on how to build Qt, see the \l
    Installation documentation.

    When installing, the identification name of the frameworks will
    also be set. The identification name is what the dynamic linker
    (\c dyld) uses to find the libraries for your application.

    \section2 Linking the Application to Qt as Frameworks

    After ensuring that Qt is built as frameworks, we can build the \l
    {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug & Paint} application. First, we must go
    into the directory that contains the application:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 34

    Now run qmake to create a new makefile for the application, and do
    a clean build to create the dynamically linked executable:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 35

    This builds the core application, the following will build the
    plugins:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 36

    Now run the \c otool for the Qt frameworks, for example Qt Gui:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 37

    You will get the following output:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 38

    For the Qt frameworks, the first line (i.e. \c
    {path/to/Qt/lib/QtGui.framework/Versions/4/QtGui (compatibility
    version 4.0.0, current version 4.0.1)}) becomes the framework's
    identification name which is used by the dynamic linker (\c dyld).

    But when you are deploying the application, your users may not
    have the Qt frameworks installed in the specified location. For
    that reason, you must either provide the frameworks in an agreed
    upon location, or store the frameworks in the bundle itself.
    Regardless of which solution you choose, you must make sure that
    the frameworks return the proper identification name for
    themselves, and that the application will look for these
    names. Luckily we can control this with the \c install_name_tool
    command-line tool.

    The \c install_name_tool works in two modes, \c -id and \c
    -change. The \c -id mode is for libraries and frameworks, and
    allows us to specify a new identification name. We use the \c
    -change mode to change the paths in the application.

    Let's test this out by copying the Qt frameworks into the Plug &
    Paint bundle. Looking at \c otool's output for the bundle, we can
    see that we must copy both the QtCore and QtGui frameworks into
    the bundle. We will assume that we are in the directory where we
    built the bundle.

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 39

    First we create a \c Frameworks directory inside the bundle. This
    follows the Mac OS X application convention. We then copy the
    frameworks into the new directory. Since frameworks contain
    symbolic links, and we want to preserve them, we use the \c -R
    option.

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 40

    Then we run \c install_name_tool to set the identification names
    for the frameworks. The first argument after \c -id is the new
    name, and the second argument is the framework which
    identification we wish to change.  The text \c @executable_path is
    a special \c dyld variable telling \c dyld to start looking where
    the executable is located. The new names specifies that these
    frameworks will be located "one directory up and over" in the \c
    Frameworks directory.

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 41

    Now, the dynamic linker knows where to look for QtCore and
    QtGui. Then we must make the application aware of the library
    locations as well using \c install_name_tool's \c -change mode.
    This basically comes down to string replacement, to match the
    identification names that we set for the frameworks.

    Finally, since the QtGui framework depends on QtCore, we must
    remember to change the reference for QtGui:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 42

    After all this we can run \c otool again and see that the
    application will look in the right locations.

    Of course, the thing that makes the \l {tools/plugandpaint}{Plug &
    Paint} example interesting are its plugins. The basic steps we
    need to follow with plugins are:

    \list
        \o Put the plugins inside the bundle
        \o Make sure that the plugins use the correct library using the
           \c install_name_tool
        \o Make sure that the application knows where to get the plugins
    \endlist

    While we can put the plugins anywhere we want in the bundle, the
    best location to put them is under Contents/Plugins. When we built
    the Plug & Paint plugins, the \c DESTDIR variable in their \c .pro
    file put the plugins' \c .dylib files in a \c plugins subdirectory
    in the \c plugandpaint directory. So, in this example, all we need
    to do is move this directory:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 43

    If we run \c otool on for example the \l
    {tools/plugandpaintplugins/basictools}{Basic Tools} plugin's \c
    .dylib file we get the following information.

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 44

    Then we can see that the plugin links to the Qt frameworks it was
    built against. Since we want the plugins to use the framework in
    the application bundle we change them the same way as we did for
    the application. For example for the Basic Tools plugin:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 45


    We must also modify the code in \c
    tools/plugandpaint/mainwindow.cpp to \l {QDir::cdUp()}{cdUp()} one
    directory since the plugins live in the bundle. Add the following
    code to the \c mainwindow.cpp file:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 46

    \table
    \row
    \o \inlineimage deployment-mac-application.png
    \o
    The additional code in \c tools/plugandpaint/mainwindow.cpp also
    enables us to view the plugins in the Finder, as shown to the left.

    We can also add plugins extending Qt, for example adding SQL
    drivers or image formats. We just need to follow the directory
    structure outlined in plugin documentation, and make sure they are
    included in the QCoreApplication::libraryPaths(). Let's quickly do
    this with the image formats, following the approach from above.

    Copy Qt's image format plugins into the bundle:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 47

    Use \c install_name_tool to link the plugins to the frameworks in
    the bundle:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 48

    Then we update the source code in \c tools/plugandpaint/main.cpp
    to look for the new plugins. After constructing the
    QApplication, we add the following code:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 49

    First, we tell the application to only look for plugins in this
    directory. In our case, this is what we want since we only want to
    look for the plugins that we distribute with the bundle. If we
    were part of a bigger Qt installation we could have used
    QCoreApplication::addLibraryPath() instead.

    \endtable

    \warning When deploying plugins, and thus make changes to the
    source code, the default identification names are reset when
    rebuilding the application, and you must repeat the process of
    making your application link to the Qt frameworks in the bundle
    using \c install_name_tool.

    Now you should be able to move the application to another Mac OS X
    machine and run it without Qt installed. Alternatively, you can
    move your frameworks that live outside of the bundle to another
    directory and see if the application still runs.

    If you store the frameworks in another location than in the
    bundle, the technique of linking your application is similar; you
    must make sure that the application and the frameworks agree where
    to be looking for the Qt libraries as well as the plugins.

    \section2 Creating the Application Package

    When you are done linking your application to Qt, either
    statically or as frameworks, the application is ready to be
    distributed. Apple provides a fair bit of information about how to
    do this and instead of repeating it here, we recommend that you
    consult their \l
    {http://developer.apple.com/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/SoftwareDistribution/index.html}{software delivery}
    documentation.

    Although the process of deploying an application do have some
    pitfalls, once you know the various issues you can easily create
    packages that all your Mac OS X users will enjoy.

    \section1 Application Dependencies

    \section2 Qt Plugins

    Your application may also depend on one or more Qt plugins, such
    as the JPEG image format plugin or a SQL driver plugin. Be sure
    to distribute any Qt plugins that you need with your application,
    and note that each type of plugin should be located within a
    specific subdirectory (such as \c imageformats or \c sqldrivers)
    within your distribution directory, as described below.

    \note If you are deploying an application that uses QtWebKit to display
    HTML pages from the World Wide Web, you should include all text codec
    plugins to support as many HTML encodings possible. 

    The search path for Qt plugins (as well as a few other paths) is
    hard-coded into the QtCore library. By default, the first plugin
    search path will be hard-coded as \c /path/to/Qt/plugins. But
    using pre-determined paths has certain disadvantages. For example,
    they may not exist on the target machine. For that reason you need
    to examine various alternatives to make sure that the Qt plugins
    are found:

    \list

    \o \l{qt-conf.html}{Using \c qt.conf}. This is the recommended
    approach since it provides the most flexibility.

    \o Using QApplication::addLibraryPath() or
    QApplication::setLibraryPaths().

    \o Using a third party installation utility to change the
    hard-coded paths in the QtCore library.

    \endlist

    The \l{How to Create Qt Plugins} document outlines the issues you
    need to pay attention to when building and deploying plugins for
    Qt applications.

    \section2 Additional Libraries

    You can check which libraries your application is linking against
    by using the \c otool tool. To use \c otool, all you need to do is
    to run it like this:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 50

    Unlike the deployment processes on \l {Deploying an Application on
    X11 Platforms}{X11} and \l {Deploying an Application on
    Windows}{Windows}, compiler specific libraries rarely have to
    be redistributed along with your application. But since Qt can be
    configured, built, and installed in several ways on Mac OS X,
    there are also several ways to deploy applications. Typically your
    goals help determine how you are going to deploy the
    application. The last sections describe a couple of things to keep
    in mind when you are deploying your application.

    \section2 Mac OS X Version Dependencies

    From Qt 4.6, Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther) is no longer supported.  Qt
    4.6 applications can be built and deployed on Mac OS X 10.4
    (Tiger) and higher. This is achieved using \e{weak linking}. In
    \e{weak linking}, Qt tests whether a function added in a newer
    version of Mac OS X is available on the computer it is running
    on. This allows Qt to use newer features, when it runs on a newer
    version of OS X, while remaining compatible on the older versions.

    For more information about cross development issues on Mac OS X,
    see \l
    {http://developer.apple.com/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/cross_development/index.html}{Apple's Developer Website}.

    Since the linker is set to be compatible with all OS X versions,
    you must change the \c MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET environment
    variable to get \e{weak linking} to work for your application. You
    can add:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 51

    to your .pro file, and qmake will take care of this for you.

    For more information about C++ runtime environment, see \l
    {http://developer.apple.com/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/CppRuntimeEnv/index.html}{Apple's Developer Website}

    \section3 Deploying Phonon Applications on Mac OS X

    \list

        \o If you build your Qt 4.6 Phonon application on OS X 10.4
           (Tiger), it will run on OS X 10.4 and higher.

        \o If you are using Leopard but would like to build your application
        against Tiger, you can use:

        \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 51b
    \endlist

    \section2 Architecture Dependencies

    The Qt for Mac OS X libraries, tools, and examples can be built
    "universal" (i.e. they run natively on both Intel and PowerPC
    machines).  This is accomplished by passing \c -universal on the
    \c configure line of the source package, and requires that you use
    GCC 4.0.x. On PowerPC hardware you will need to pass the universal
    SDK as a command line argument to the Qt configure command. For
    example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 52

    From 4.1.1 the Qt binary package is already universal.

    If you want to create a binary that runs on older versions of
    PowerPC and x86, it is possible to build Qt for the PowerPC using
    GCC 3.3, and for x86 one using GCC 4.0, and use Apple's \c lipo(1)
    tool to stitch them together. This is beyond the scope of this
    document and is not something we have tried, but Apple documents
    it on their \l
    {http://developer.apple.com/documentation/}{developer website}.

    Once you have a universal Qt, \a qmake will generate makefiles
    that will build for its host architecture by default. If you want
    to build for a specific architecture, you can control this with
    the \c CONFIG line in your \c .pro file. Use \c CONFIG+=ppc for
    PowerPC, and \c CONFIG+=x86 for x86. If you desire both, simply
    add both to the \c CONFIG line. PowerPC users also need an
    SDK. For example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 53

    Besides \c lipo, you can also check your binaries with the \c file(1)
    command line tool or the Finder.
    
    \section1 The Mac Deployment Tool
    \target macdeploy
    The Mac deployment tool can be found in QTDIR/bin/macdeployqt. It is
    designed to automate the process of creating a deployable
    application bundle that contains the Qt libraries as private
    frameworks.
    
    The mac deployment tool also deploys the Qt plugins, according
    to the following rules:
    \list
    \o Debug versions of the plugins are not deployed.
    \o The designer plugins are not deployed.
    \o The Image format plugins are always deployed.
    \o SQL driver plugins are deployed if the application uses the QtSql module.
    \o Script plugins are deployed if the application uses the QtScript module.
    \o The Phonon backend plugin is deployed if the application uses the \l{Phonon Module} {Phonon} module.
    \o The svg icon plugin is deployed if the application uses the QtSvg module.
    \o The accessibility plugin is always deployed.
    \o Accessibility for Qt3Support is deployed if the application uses the Qt3Support module.
    \endlist

    \note If you want a 3rd party library to be included in your
    application bundle, then you must add an excplicit lib entry for
    that library to your application's .pro file.  Otherwise, the
    \c macdeployqt tool will not copy the 3rd party .dylib into the
    bundle.

    \c macdeployqt supports the following options:
    \list
    \o -no-plugins: Skip plugin deployment
    \o -dmg       : Create a .dmg disk image
    \o -no-strip  : Don't run 'strip' on the binaries
    \endlist
*/

/*!
    \page deployment-symbian.html
    \contentspage Deploying Qt Applications

    \title Deploying an Application on the Symbian platform

    Applications are deployed to Symbian devices in signed \c .sis package files.
    The \c .sis file content is controlled with \c .pkg files. The \c .pkg file contains a set
    of instructions used by tools to produce a \c .sis file. \c qmake generates a
    default \c .pkg file for your project. The \c .pkg file generated by \c qmake is typically
    fully functional for testing purposes but when planning to deliver your application
    to end-users some changes are needed. This document describes what changes are
    typically needed and how to implement them.

    \section1 Static Linking

    Qt for the Symbian platform does currently not support static linking of
    Qt libraries.

    \section1 Shared Libraries

    When deploying the application using the shared libraries approach we must ensure that the
    Qt runtime is correctly redistributed along with the application executable,
    and also that all Qt dependencies are redistributed along with the application.

    We will demonstrate these procedures in terms of deploying the \l {widgets/wiggly}{Wiggly}
    application that is provided in Qt's examples directory.

    \section2 Building Qt as a Shared Library

    We assume that you already have installed Qt as a shared library,
    in the \c C:\path\to\Qt directory which is the default when installing Qt for Symbian.
    For more information on how to build Qt, see the \l {Installation} documentation.

    \section1 Shared Libraries

    After ensuring that Qt is built as a shared library, we can build
    the \l {widgets/wiggly}{Wiggly} application. First, we
    must go into the directory that contains the application:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 55

    To prepare the application for deployment we must ensure that the \c .pkg file generated by
    \c qmake contains the relevant vendor information and embeds the necessary
    dependencies to the application deployment file (\c .sis). The content of the generated \c .pkg
    file can be controlled with the Symbian specific \c qmake \l DEPLOYMENT keyword extensions.

    First, we will change the vendor statement to something more meaningful. The application
    vendor is visible to end-user during the installation.

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 56

    Second we will tell the Symbian application installer that this application supports
    only S60 5.0 based devices:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 57

    You can find a list of platform and device indentification codes from
    \l {http://wiki.forum.nokia.com/index.php/S60_Platform_and_device_identification_codes}{Forum Nokia Wiki}.
    By default \c .pkg file generated by \c qmake adds support for all
    S60 3rd edition FP1, S60 3rd edition FP2 and S60 5th edition devices.

    Now we are ready to compile the application and create the application
    deployment file. Run \c qmake to create Symbian specific makefiles, resources (\.rss)
    and deployment packaging files (\c .pkg). And do build to create the
    application binaries and resources.

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 58

    If everything compiled and linked without any errors, we are now ready to create
    an application installation package (\c wiggly_installer.sis).

    If you haven't done so already, download the latest release of the Smart Installer
    from \l{http://get.qt.nokia.com/nokiasmartinstaller/}, and install it on top of the Qt package

    Then use this command to create the installer sis package:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_deployment.qdoc 59

    If all binaries and dependencies were found, you should now have a self signed
    \c wiggly_installer.sis ready to be installed on a device. The smart installer
    contained in the in the installer package will download the necessary dependencies
    such as Qt libraries to the device.

    \note If you want to have your application properly Symbian Signed for distribution,
    you will have to properly sign both the application and the application installer packages.
    Please see
    \l{http://developer.symbian.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Symbian_Signed}
    {Symbian Signed wiki} for more information about Symbian Signed.

    For more information about creating a \c .sis file and installing it to device see also
    \l {The Symbian platform - Introduction to Qt#Installing your own applications}{here}.

*/