path: root/tests/manual/qlowenergycontroller/tst_qlowenergycontroller_device.cpp

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#include <QObject>
#include <QtGlobal>
#include <QTest>
#include <QBluetoothAddress>
#include <QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent>
#include <QSignalSpy>
#include <QLowEnergyController>
#include <QLoggingCategory>
#include <QScopeGuard>
#include <QBluetoothLocalDevice>

static const QLatin1String largeCharacteristicServiceUuid("1f85e37c-ac16-11eb-ae5c-93d3a763feed");
static const QLatin1String largeCharacteristicCharUuid("40e4f68e-ac16-11eb-9956-cfe55a8c370c");

static const QLatin1String platformIdentifierServiceUuid("4a92cb7f-5031-4a09-8304-3e89413f458d");
static const QLatin1String platformIdentifierCharUuid("6b0ecf7c-5f09-4c87-aaab-bb49d5d383aa");

static const QLatin1String
        notificationIndicationTestServiceUuid("bb137ac5-5716-4b80-873b-e2d11d29efe2");
static const QLatin1String
        notificationIndicationTestChar1Uuid("6da4d652-0248-478a-a5a8-1e2f076158cc");
static const QLatin1String
        notificationIndicationTestChar2Uuid("990930f0-b9cc-4c27-8c1b-ebc2bcae5c95");
static const QLatin1String
        notificationIndicationTestChar3Uuid("9a60486b-de5b-4e03-b914-4e158c0bd388");
static const QLatin1String
        notificationIndicationTestChar4Uuid("d92435d4-6c2e-43f8-a6be-bbb66b5a3e28");

static const QLatin1String connectionCountServiceUuid("78c61a07-a0f9-4b92-be2d-2570d8dbf010");
static const QLatin1String connectionCountCharUuid("9414ec2d-792f-46a2-a19e-186d0fb38a08");


#if defined(QT_ANDROID_BLUETOOTH) || defined(QT_WINRT_BLUETOOTH) || defined(Q_OS_DARWIN)
#define QT_BLUETOOTH_MTU_SUPPORTED
#endif

#if defined(QT_BLUETOOTH_MTU_SUPPORTED)
static const QLatin1String mtuServiceUuid("9a9483eb-cf4f-4c32-9a6b-794238d5b483");
static const QLatin1String mtuCharUuid("960d7e2a-a850-4a70-8064-cd74e9ccb6ff");
#endif

/*
 * This class contains all unit tests for QLowEnergyController
 * which require a remote device and can thus not run completely automated.
 *
 * This testcase acts as a bluetooth LE *client*.
 * The counterpart *server* device is the "bluetoothtestdevice" in the same
 * repository and it needs to be ran when this testcase is ran.
 *
 * The name of the server device needs to be adjusted in this code so that
 * this LE client can find it. For example on macOS and Linux it is a generic
 * "BluetoothTestDevice" where as on Android it is the device's bluetooth name
 * set by the user. Please see the BTLE_SERVER_DEVICE_NAME below.
 */
class tst_qlowenergycontroller_device : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    tst_qlowenergycontroller_device();
    ~tst_qlowenergycontroller_device();
private slots:
    void initTestCase();
    void init();
    void cleanup();
    void cleanupTestCase();

    // Keep readServerPlatform as the first test, later tests
    // may depend on its results.
    void readServerPlatform();

#if defined(QT_BLUETOOTH_MTU_SUPPORTED)
    void checkMtuNegotiation();
#endif
    void readWriteLargeCharacteristic();
    void readDuringServiceDiscovery();
    void readNotificationAndIndicationProperty();
    void testNotificationAndIndication();

public:
    void checkconnectionCounter(std::unique_ptr<QLowEnergyController> &control);
    static int connectionCounter;

private:
    void discoverTestServer();

    std::unique_ptr<QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent> mDevAgent;
    std::unique_ptr<QLowEnergyController> mController;
    QBluetoothDeviceInfo mRemoteDeviceInfo;
    QString mServerDeviceName;
    QByteArray mServerPlatform;
};

// connectionCounter is used to check that the server-side connect events
// occur as expected. On the first time when the value is the initial "-1"
// we read the current connection count from a service/characteristic providing it.
// This way we don't need to always restart the server-side for testing
int tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::connectionCounter = -1;

tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::tst_qlowenergycontroller_device()
{
    QLoggingCategory::setFilterRules(QStringLiteral("qt.bluetooth* = true"));
}

tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::~tst_qlowenergycontroller_device() { }

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::initTestCase()
{
    qDebug() << "Testcase build time: " << __TIME__;
    mDevAgent.reset(new QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent(this));
    mDevAgent->setLowEnergyDiscoveryTimeout(75000);
    mServerDeviceName = qEnvironmentVariable("BTLE_SERVER_DEVICE_NAME");
    if (mServerDeviceName.isEmpty())
        mServerDeviceName = QStringLiteral("BluetoothTestDevice");
    qDebug() << "Using server device name for testing: " << mServerDeviceName;
    qDebug() << "To change this set BTLE_SERVER_DEVICE_NAME environment variable";
}

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::discoverTestServer()
{
    mRemoteDeviceInfo = QBluetoothDeviceInfo(); // Invalidate whatever we had before
    QSignalSpy finishedSpy(mDevAgent.get(), SIGNAL(finished()));
    QSignalSpy canceledSpy(mDevAgent.get(), SIGNAL(canceled()));
    // there should be no changes yet
    QVERIFY(finishedSpy.isValid() && finishedSpy.isEmpty());
    QVERIFY(canceledSpy.isValid() && canceledSpy.isEmpty());

    QObject forLifeTime;
    QObject::connect(mDevAgent.get(), &QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent::deviceDiscovered,
                     &forLifeTime, [&](const QBluetoothDeviceInfo& info) {
        if (info.name() == mServerDeviceName) {
            qDebug() << "Matching server device discovered, stopping device discovery agent";
            mDevAgent->stop();
        }
    });

    // Start device discovery
    mDevAgent->start(QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent::LowEnergyMethod);
    QTRY_VERIFY_WITH_TIMEOUT(finishedSpy.count() > 0 || canceledSpy.count() > 0, 80000);

    // Verify that we have found a matching server device
    bool deviceFound = false;
    const QList<QBluetoothDeviceInfo> infos = mDevAgent->discoveredDevices();
    for (const QBluetoothDeviceInfo &info : infos) {
        if (info.name() == mServerDeviceName) {
            mRemoteDeviceInfo = info;
            deviceFound = true;
            qDebug() << "Found a matching server device" << info.name() << info.address();
            break;
        }
        qDebug() << "Ignoring a non-matching device:" << info.name() << info.address();
    }
    QVERIFY2(deviceFound, "Cannot find remote device.");
}


void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::init()
{
    // Connect to the test server. If unsuccessful, rediscover and retry.
    // Rediscovery may be needed as the address of the remote can change and
    // also at least Bluez backend recovers from its own internal errors
    // more likely making the test less flaky
    while (!mController || mController->state() != QLowEnergyController::ConnectedState) {
        discoverTestServer();
        QVERIFY(mRemoteDeviceInfo.isValid());
        mController.reset(QLowEnergyController::createCentral(mRemoteDeviceInfo));
        mController->connectToDevice();
        QTRY_VERIFY_WITH_TIMEOUT(mController->state() != QLowEnergyController::ConnectingState, 45000);
        if (mController->state() != QLowEnergyController::ConnectedState) {
            mController.reset();
            qDebug() << "Retrying connecting to the server in 5 seconds";
            QTest::qWait(5000);
        }
    }
    QCOMPARE(mController->state(), QLowEnergyController::ConnectedState);
    QCOMPARE(mController->error(), QLowEnergyController::NoError);
}

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::cleanup()
{
    mController->disconnectFromDevice();

    // Attempt a graceful close. If the test has already failed, the QTRY would exit immediately
    if (!QTest::currentTestFailed())
        QTRY_VERIFY_WITH_TIMEOUT(mController->state() ==
                                 QLowEnergyController::UnconnectedState, 30000);
    else
        QTest::qWait(2000);

    QCOMPARE(mController->state(), QLowEnergyController::UnconnectedState);
    qDebug() << "Disconnected from remote device, waiting 5s before deleting controller.";
    QTest::qWait(5000);
    mController.reset();
}

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::cleanupTestCase() { }

// The readServerPlatform should always be the first actual test function to execute.
// It reads a characteristic where the server reports on which platform it runs on.
// This information can then be used to adjust the test case's behavior accordingly;
// different platforms support slightly different things.
void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::readServerPlatform()
{
    QVERIFY(mController->services().isEmpty());
    mController->discoverServices();
    QTRY_COMPARE(mController->state(), QLowEnergyController::DiscoveredState);
    QCOMPARE(mController->error(), QLowEnergyController::NoError);

    QSharedPointer<QLowEnergyService> service(
            mController->createServiceObject(QBluetoothUuid(platformIdentifierServiceUuid)));
    QVERIFY(service != nullptr);
    service->discoverDetails(QLowEnergyService::FullDiscovery);
    QTRY_COMPARE(service->state(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceState::RemoteServiceDiscovered);

    auto characteristic = service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(platformIdentifierCharUuid));
    mServerPlatform = characteristic.value();
    qDebug() << "Server reported its running on: " << mServerPlatform;
    QVERIFY(!mServerPlatform.isEmpty());
}


#if defined(QT_BLUETOOTH_MTU_SUPPORTED)
// Don't use QSKIP here as that
// would still cause lengthy init() and clean() executions.
void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::checkMtuNegotiation()
{
    // service discovery, including MTU negotiation
    qDebug() << "Client-side MTU after connect" << mController->mtu();
#if ! defined(Q_OS_DARWIN)
    // The check below usually passes, but sometimes the BT stack gives a cached value
    // from a previous testcase run and the below fails => avoid flakiness
    QCOMPARE(mController->mtu(), 23);
#endif
    QVERIFY(mController->services().isEmpty());
    mController->discoverServices();
    QTRY_COMPARE(mController->state(), QLowEnergyController::DiscoveredState);
    QCOMPARE(mController->error(), QLowEnergyController::NoError);

    checkconnectionCounter(mController);

    // now a larger MTU should have been negotiated
    QTRY_VERIFY(mController->mtu() > 23);
    qDebug() << "MTU after service discovery" << mController->mtu();

    // check that central and peripheral agree on negotiated mtu
    QSharedPointer<QLowEnergyService> service(
            mController->createServiceObject(QBluetoothUuid(mtuServiceUuid)));
    QVERIFY(service != nullptr);
    service->discoverDetails(QLowEnergyService::FullDiscovery);
    QTRY_COMPARE(service->state(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceState::RemoteServiceDiscovered);

    auto characteristic = service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(mtuCharUuid));
    int mtu;
    memcpy(&mtu, characteristic.value().constData(), sizeof(int));
    qDebug() << "MTU reported by server-side:" << mtu;
    // Server-side mtu is not supported on all platforms
    if (mServerPlatform != "linux" && mServerPlatform != "darwin")
        QCOMPARE(mtu, mController->mtu());
}
#endif

#undef QT_BLUETOOTH_MTU_SUPPORTED

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::checkconnectionCounter(
        std::unique_ptr<QLowEnergyController> &mController)
{
    // on darwin the server-side connect/disconnect events are not reported reliably
    if (mServerPlatform == "darwin")
        return;
    QSharedPointer<QLowEnergyService> service(
            mController->createServiceObject(QBluetoothUuid(connectionCountServiceUuid)));
    QVERIFY(service != nullptr);
    service->discoverDetails(QLowEnergyService::FullDiscovery);
    QTRY_COMPARE(service->state(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceState::RemoteServiceDiscovered);

    auto counterCharacteristic = service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(connectionCountCharUuid));
    // If we have just started the test, read the current connection counter from the server.
    // The connection counter is essentially the number of "connected" events the server
    // has had.
    if (connectionCounter == -1) {
        memcpy(&connectionCounter, counterCharacteristic.value().constData(), sizeof(int));
        qDebug() << "Connection counter initialized from the server to:" << connectionCounter;
    } else {
        connectionCounter++;
        QByteArray value((const char *)&connectionCounter, sizeof(int));
        QCOMPARE(counterCharacteristic.value(), value);
    }
}

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::readWriteLargeCharacteristic()
{
    QVERIFY(mController->services().isEmpty());
    mController->discoverServices();
    QTRY_COMPARE(mController->state(), QLowEnergyController::DiscoveredState);

    checkconnectionCounter(mController);

    QSharedPointer<QLowEnergyService> service(
            mController->createServiceObject(QBluetoothUuid(largeCharacteristicServiceUuid)));
    QVERIFY(service != nullptr);
    service->discoverDetails(QLowEnergyService::SkipValueDiscovery);
    QTRY_COMPARE(service->state(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceState::RemoteServiceDiscovered);

    QSignalSpy readSpy(service.get(), &QLowEnergyService::characteristicRead);
    QSignalSpy writtenSpy(service.get(), &QLowEnergyService::characteristicWritten);
    QCOMPARE(readSpy.count(), 0);
    QCOMPARE(writtenSpy.count(), 0);

    // The service discovery skipped the values => check that the default value is all zeroes
    auto characteristic = service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(largeCharacteristicCharUuid));
    QByteArray testArray(0);
    qDebug() << "Initial large characteristic value:" << characteristic.value();
    QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), testArray);

    // Read the characteristic value and verify it is the one the server-side sets (0x0b 0x00 ..)
    service->readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    QTRY_COMPARE(readSpy.count(), 1);
    qDebug() << "Large characteristic value after read:" << characteristic.value();
    testArray = QByteArray(512, 0);
    testArray[0] = 0x0b;
    QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), testArray);

    // Write a new value to characteristic and read it back
    for (int i = 0; i < 512; ++i) {
        testArray[i] = i % 5;
    }
    service->writeCharacteristic(characteristic, testArray);
    QCOMPARE(service->error(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceError::NoError);
    QTRY_COMPARE(writtenSpy.count(), 1);

    service->readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    QTRY_COMPARE(readSpy.count(), 2);
    qDebug() << "Large characteristic value after write/read:" << characteristic.value();
    QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), testArray);
}

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::readDuringServiceDiscovery()
{
    QVERIFY(mController->services().isEmpty());
    mController->discoverServices();
    QTRY_COMPARE(mController->state(), QLowEnergyController::DiscoveredState);

    checkconnectionCounter(mController);

    QSharedPointer<QLowEnergyService> service(
            mController->createServiceObject(QBluetoothUuid(largeCharacteristicServiceUuid)));
    QVERIFY(service != nullptr);
    service->discoverDetails(QLowEnergyService::FullDiscovery);
    QTRY_COMPARE(service->state(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceState::RemoteServiceDiscovered);

    QSignalSpy readSpy(service.get(), &QLowEnergyService::characteristicRead);
    QSignalSpy writtenSpy(service.get(), &QLowEnergyService::characteristicWritten);
    QCOMPARE(readSpy.count(), 0);
    QCOMPARE(writtenSpy.count(), 0);

    // Value that is initially set on the characteristic at the server-side (0x0b 0x00 ..)
    QByteArray testArray(512, 0);
    testArray[0] = 0x0b;

    // We did a full service discovery and should have an initial value to compare
    auto characteristic = service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(largeCharacteristicCharUuid));
    QByteArray valueFromServiceDiscovery = characteristic.value();
    qDebug() << "Large characteristic value from service discovery:" << valueFromServiceDiscovery;
    // On darwin the server does not restart (disconnect) in-between the case runs
    // and the initial value may be from a previous test function
    if (mServerPlatform != "darwin")
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), testArray);

    // Check that the value from service discovery and explicit characteristic read match
    service->readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    QTRY_COMPARE(readSpy.count(), 1);
    qDebug() << "Large characteristic value after read:" << characteristic.value();
    QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), valueFromServiceDiscovery);

    // Write a new value to the characteristic and read it back
    for (int i = 0; i < 512; ++i) {
        testArray[i] = i % 5;
    }
    service->writeCharacteristic(characteristic, testArray);
    QCOMPARE(service->error(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceError::NoError);
    QTRY_COMPARE(writtenSpy.count(), 1);

    service->readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    QTRY_COMPARE(readSpy.count(), 2);
    qDebug() << "Large characteristic value after write/read:" << characteristic.value();
    QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), testArray);
}

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::readNotificationAndIndicationProperty()
{
    // discover services
    QVERIFY(mController->services().isEmpty());
    mController->discoverServices();
    QTRY_COMPARE(mController->state(), QLowEnergyController::DiscoveredState);

    checkconnectionCounter(mController);

    // check test service is available
    QVERIFY(mController->services().contains(QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestServiceUuid)));

    // get service object
    QSharedPointer<QLowEnergyService> service(mController->createServiceObject(
            QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestServiceUuid)));
    QVERIFY(service != nullptr);
    service->discoverDetails(QLowEnergyService::FullDiscovery);
    QTRY_COMPARE(service->state(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceState::RemoteServiceDiscovered);

    // check that all four characteristics are found
    QCOMPARE(service->characteristics().size(), 4);

    // check that properties are correctly set
    auto notifyOrIndicate = QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Notify
            | QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Indicate;
    {
        QLowEnergyCharacteristic characteristic =
                service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestChar1Uuid));
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.properties() & notifyOrIndicate, 0);
    }
    {
        QLowEnergyCharacteristic characteristic =
                service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestChar2Uuid));
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.properties() & notifyOrIndicate,
                 QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Notify);
    }
    {
        QLowEnergyCharacteristic characteristic =
                service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestChar3Uuid));
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.properties() & notifyOrIndicate,
                 QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Indicate);
    }
    {
        QLowEnergyCharacteristic characteristic =
                service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestChar4Uuid));
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.properties() & notifyOrIndicate, notifyOrIndicate);
    }
}

void tst_qlowenergycontroller_device::testNotificationAndIndication()
{
    // discover services
    QVERIFY(mController->services().isEmpty());
    mController->discoverServices();
    QTRY_COMPARE(mController->state(), QLowEnergyController::DiscoveredState);

    checkconnectionCounter(mController);

    // get service object
    QSharedPointer<QLowEnergyService> service(mController->createServiceObject(
            QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestServiceUuid)));
    QVERIFY(service != nullptr);
    service->discoverDetails(QLowEnergyService::FullDiscovery);
    QTRY_COMPARE(service->state(), QLowEnergyService::ServiceState::RemoteServiceDiscovered);

    // Verify that notification works
    {
        QLowEnergyCharacteristic characteristic =
                service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestChar2Uuid));
        auto notifyOrIndicate = QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Notify
                | QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Indicate;
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.properties() & notifyOrIndicate,
                 QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Notify);

        // getting cccd
        QLowEnergyDescriptor cccd = characteristic.clientCharacteristicConfiguration();
        QVERIFY(cccd.isValid());

        // write to cccd
        bool cccdWritten = false;
        QObject dummy; // for lifetime management
        QObject::connect(
                service.get(), &QLowEnergyService::descriptorWritten, &dummy,
                [&cccdWritten](const QLowEnergyDescriptor &info, const QByteArray &) {
                    if (info.uuid()
                        == QBluetoothUuid::DescriptorType::ClientCharacteristicConfiguration) {
                        cccdWritten = true;
                    }
                });
        service->writeDescriptor(cccd, QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDEnableNotification);
        QTRY_VERIFY(cccdWritten);

        // notification should be enabled
        auto oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        // wait for change
        QTRY_VERIFY(characteristic.value() != oldvalue);
        // wait again
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        // wait for change
        QTRY_VERIFY(characteristic.value() != oldvalue);

        // disable notification
        cccdWritten = false;
        service->writeDescriptor(cccd, QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDDisable);
        QTRY_VERIFY(cccdWritten);

        // wait for a moment in case there is a value change just happening,
        // then check that there are no more notifications:
        QTest::qWait(200);
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
            QTest::qWait(100);
            QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        }
    }

    // Verify that indication works
    {
        QLowEnergyCharacteristic characteristic =
                service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestChar3Uuid));
        auto notifyOrIndicate = QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Notify
                | QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Indicate;
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.properties() & notifyOrIndicate,
                 QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Indicate);

        // getting cccd
        QLowEnergyDescriptor cccd = characteristic.clientCharacteristicConfiguration();
        QVERIFY(cccd.isValid());

        // write to cccd
        bool cccdWritten = false;
        QObject dummy; // for lifetime management
        QObject::connect(
                service.get(), &QLowEnergyService::descriptorWritten, &dummy,
                [&cccdWritten](const QLowEnergyDescriptor &info, const QByteArray &) {
                    if (info.uuid()
                        == QBluetoothUuid::DescriptorType::ClientCharacteristicConfiguration) {
                        cccdWritten = true;
                    }
                });
        QByteArray newValue = QByteArray::fromHex("0200");
        service->writeDescriptor(cccd, newValue);
        QTRY_VERIFY(cccdWritten);

        // indication should be enabled
        auto oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        // wait for change
        QTRY_VERIFY(characteristic.value() != oldvalue);
        // wait again
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        // wait for change
        QTRY_VERIFY(characteristic.value() != oldvalue);

        // disable indication
        cccdWritten = false;
        newValue = QByteArray::fromHex("0000");
        service->writeDescriptor(cccd, newValue);
        QTRY_VERIFY(cccdWritten);

        // wait for a moment in case there is a value change just happening,
        // then check that there are no more notifications:
        QTest::qWait(200);
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
            QTest::qWait(100);
            QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        }
    }

    // indication and notification works
#if defined(Q_OS_LINUX)
    // If the client (this testcase) is linux and the characteristic has both
    // NTF & IND supported, the Bluez stack will try to enable both NTF & IND
    // at the same time regardless of what we write to CCCD. Darwin server will
    // reject this as an error (ATT error 0xf5, which is a reserved error)
    if (mServerPlatform != "darwin")
#endif
    {
        QLowEnergyCharacteristic characteristic =
                service->characteristic(QBluetoothUuid(notificationIndicationTestChar4Uuid));
        auto notifyOrIndicate = QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Notify
                | QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType::Indicate;
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.properties() & notifyOrIndicate, notifyOrIndicate);

        // getting cccd
        QLowEnergyDescriptor cccd = characteristic.clientCharacteristicConfiguration();
        QVERIFY(cccd.isValid());

        // write to cccd
        bool cccdWritten = false;
        QObject dummy; // for lifetime management
        QObject::connect(
                service.get(), &QLowEnergyService::descriptorWritten, &dummy,
                [&cccdWritten](const QLowEnergyDescriptor &info, const QByteArray &) {
                    if (info.uuid()
                        == QBluetoothUuid::DescriptorType::ClientCharacteristicConfiguration) {
                        cccdWritten = true;
                    }
                });
        QByteArray newValue = QByteArray::fromHex("0100");
        service->writeDescriptor(cccd, newValue);
        QTRY_VERIFY(cccdWritten);

        // notification should be enabled
        auto oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        // wait for change
        QTRY_VERIFY(characteristic.value() != oldvalue);
        // wait again
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        // wait for change
        QTRY_VERIFY(characteristic.value() != oldvalue);

        // disable notification
        cccdWritten = false;
        newValue = QByteArray::fromHex("0000");
        service->writeDescriptor(cccd, newValue);
        QTRY_VERIFY(cccdWritten);

        // check that there are no updates:
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
            QTest::qWait(100);
            QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        }

        newValue = QByteArray::fromHex("0200");
        service->writeDescriptor(cccd, newValue);
        QTRY_VERIFY(cccdWritten);

        // indication should be enabled
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        // wait for change
        QTRY_VERIFY(characteristic.value() != oldvalue);
        // wait again
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        // wait for change
        QTRY_VERIFY(characteristic.value() != oldvalue);

        // disable indication
        cccdWritten = false;
        newValue = QByteArray::fromHex("0000");
        service->writeDescriptor(cccd, newValue);
        QTRY_VERIFY(cccdWritten);

        // check that there are no indications:
        oldvalue = characteristic.value();
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
            QTest::qWait(100);
            QCOMPARE(characteristic.value(), oldvalue);
        }
    }
}

QTEST_MAIN(tst_qlowenergycontroller_device)

#include "tst_qlowenergycontroller_device.moc"