path: root/src/quick/scenegraph/qsgrhisupport.cpp

// Copyright (C) 2019 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only

#include "qsgrhisupport_p.h"
#include "qsgcontext_p.h"
#include "qsgdefaultrendercontext_p.h"

#include <QtQuick/private/qquickitem_p.h>
#include <QtQuick/private/qquickwindow_p.h>

#include <QtGui/qwindow.h>

#if QT_CONFIG(vulkan)
#include <QtGui/private/qvulkandefaultinstance_p.h>
#endif

#include <QOperatingSystemVersion>
#include <QLockFile>
#include <QSaveFile>
#include <QStandardPaths>
#include <QDir>
#include <QFileInfo>
#include <QSysInfo>
#include <QOffscreenSurface>

#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
#include <dxgiformat.h>
#endif

#include <memory>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

QSGRhiSupport::QSGRhiSupport()
{
}

void QSGRhiSupport::applySettings()
{
    // Multiple calls to this function are perfectly possible!
    // Just store that it was called at least once.
    m_settingsApplied = true;

    // This is also done when creating the renderloop but we may be before that
    // in case we get here due to a setGraphicsApi() -> configure() early
    // on in main(). Avoid losing info logs since troubleshooting gets
    // confusing otherwise.
    QSGRhiSupport::checkEnvQSgInfo();

    if (m_requested.valid) {
        // explicit rhi backend request from C++ (e.g. via QQuickWindow)
        switch (m_requested.api) {
        case QSGRendererInterface::OpenGL:
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::OpenGLES2;
            break;
        case QSGRendererInterface::Direct3D11:
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::D3D11;
            break;
        case QSGRendererInterface::Direct3D12:
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::D3D12;
            break;
        case QSGRendererInterface::Vulkan:
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::Vulkan;
            break;
        case QSGRendererInterface::Metal:
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::Metal;
            break;
        case QSGRendererInterface::Null:
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::Null;
            break;
        default:
            Q_ASSERT_X(false, "QSGRhiSupport", "Internal error: unhandled GraphicsApi type");
            break;
        }
    } else {
        // check env.vars., fall back to platform-specific defaults when backend is not set
        const QByteArray rhiBackend = qgetenv("QSG_RHI_BACKEND");
        if (rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("gl")
                || rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("gles2")
                || rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("opengl"))
        {
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::OpenGLES2;
        } else if (rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("d3d11") || rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("d3d")) {
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::D3D11;
        } else if (rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("d3d12")) {
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::D3D12;
        } else if (rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("vulkan")) {
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::Vulkan;
        } else if (rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("metal")) {
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::Metal;
        } else if (rhiBackend == QByteArrayLiteral("null")) {
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::Null;
        } else {
            if (!rhiBackend.isEmpty()) {
                qWarning("Unknown key \"%s\" for QSG_RHI_BACKEND, falling back to default backend.",
                         rhiBackend.constData());
            }
#if defined(Q_OS_WIN)
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::D3D11;
#elif QT_CONFIG(metal)
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::Metal;
#elif QT_CONFIG(opengl)
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::OpenGLES2;
#else
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::Vulkan;
#endif

            // Now that we established our initial choice, we may want to opt
            // for another backend under certain special circumstances.
            adjustToPlatformQuirks();
        }
    }

    // At this point the RHI backend is fixed, it cannot be changed once we
    // return from this function. This is because things like the QWindow
    // (QQuickWindow) may depend on the graphics API as well (surfaceType
    // f.ex.), and all that is based on what we report from here. So further
    // adjustments are not possible (or, at minimum, not safe and portable).
}

void QSGRhiSupport::adjustToPlatformQuirks()
{
#if QT_CONFIG(metal)
    // A macOS VM may not have Metal support at all. We have to decide at this
    // point, it will be too late afterwards, and the only way is to see if
    // MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice succeeds.
    if (m_rhiBackend == QRhi::Metal) {
        QRhiMetalInitParams rhiParams;
        if (!QRhi::probe(m_rhiBackend, &rhiParams)) {
            m_rhiBackend = QRhi::OpenGLES2;
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Metal does not seem to be supported. Falling back to OpenGL.");
        }
    }
#endif
}

void QSGRhiSupport::checkEnvQSgInfo()
{
    // For compatibility with 5.3 and earlier's QSG_INFO environment variables
    if (qEnvironmentVariableIsSet("QSG_INFO"))
        const_cast<QLoggingCategory &>(QSG_LOG_INFO()).setEnabled(QtDebugMsg, true);
}


#if QT_CONFIG(opengl)
#ifndef GL_BGRA
#define GL_BGRA                           0x80E1
#endif

#ifndef GL_R8
#define GL_R8                             0x8229
#endif

#ifndef GL_RG8
#define GL_RG8                            0x822B
#endif

#ifndef GL_RG
#define GL_RG                             0x8227
#endif

#ifndef GL_R16
#define GL_R16                            0x822A
#endif

#ifndef GL_RG16
#define GL_RG16                           0x822C
#endif

#ifndef GL_RED
#define GL_RED                            0x1903
#endif

#ifndef GL_RGBA8
#define GL_RGBA8                          0x8058
#endif

#ifndef GL_RGBA32F
#define GL_RGBA32F                        0x8814
#endif

#ifndef GL_RGBA16F
#define GL_RGBA16F                        0x881A
#endif

#ifndef GL_R16F
#define GL_R16F                           0x822D
#endif

#ifndef GL_R32F
#define GL_R32F                           0x822E
#endif

#ifndef GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16
#define GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16              0x81A5
#endif

#ifndef GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24
#define GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24              0x81A6
#endif

#ifndef GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT32F
#define GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT32F             0x8CAC
#endif

#ifndef GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8
#define GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8               0x88F0
#endif

#ifndef GL_DEPTH_STENCIL
#define GL_DEPTH_STENCIL                  0x84F9
#endif

#ifndef GL_RGB10_A2
#define GL_RGB10_A2                       0x8059
#endif

#ifndef GL_SRGB_ALPHA
#define GL_SRGB_ALPHA                     0x8C42
#endif

#ifndef GL_SRGB8_ALPHA8
#define GL_SRGB8_ALPHA8                   0x8C43
#endif

QRhiTexture::Format QSGRhiSupport::toRhiTextureFormatFromGL(uint format, QRhiTexture::Flags *flags)
{
    bool sRGB = false;
    auto rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::UnknownFormat;
    switch (format) {
    case GL_SRGB_ALPHA:
    case GL_SRGB8_ALPHA8:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case GL_RGBA:
    case GL_RGBA8:
    case 0:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA8;
        break;
    case GL_BGRA:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BGRA8;
        break;
    case GL_R16:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R16;
        break;
    case GL_RG16:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RG16;
        break;
    case GL_RED:
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case GL_R8:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R8;
        break;
    case GL_RG:
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case GL_RG8:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RG8;
        break;
    case GL_ALPHA:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RED_OR_ALPHA8;
        break;
    case GL_RGBA16F:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA16F;
        break;
    case GL_RGBA32F:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA32F;
        break;
    case GL_R16F:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R16F;
        break;
    case GL_R32F:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R32F;
        break;
    case GL_RGB10_A2:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGB10A2;
        break;
    case GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT:
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D16;
        break;
    case GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D24;
        break;
    case GL_DEPTH_STENCIL:
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D24S8;
        break;
    case GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT32F:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D32F;
        break;
    default:
        qWarning("GL format %d is not supported", format);
        break;
    }
    if (sRGB)
        (*flags) |=(QRhiTexture::sRGB);
    return rhiFormat;
}
#endif

#if QT_CONFIG(vulkan)
QRhiTexture::Format QSGRhiSupport::toRhiTextureFormatFromVulkan(uint format, QRhiTexture::Flags *flags)
{
    auto rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::UnknownFormat;
    bool sRGB = false;
    switch (format) {
    case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
    case VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BGRA8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_R8_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RG8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R16;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RG16;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA16F;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA32F;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R16F;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R32F;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32: // intentionally
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGB10A2;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D16;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D24;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D24S8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D32F;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC1;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_BC2_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC2;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_BC3_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC3;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC4;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC5;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC6H;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC7;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ETC2_RGB8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ETC2_RGB8A1;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ETC2_RGBA8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_4x4;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_5x4;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_5x5;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_6x5;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_6x6;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_8x5;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_8x6;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_8x8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_10x5;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_10x6;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_10x8;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_10x10;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_12x10;
        break;
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::ASTC_12x12;
        break;
    default:
        qWarning("VkFormat %d is not supported", format);
        break;
    }
    if (sRGB)
        (*flags) |=(QRhiTexture::sRGB);
    return rhiFormat;
}
#endif

#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
QRhiTexture::Format QSGRhiSupport::toRhiTextureFormatFromDXGI(uint format, QRhiTexture::Flags *flags)
{
    auto rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::UnknownFormat;
    bool sRGB = false;
    switch (format) {
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
    case DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA8;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BGRA8;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R8;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RG8;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R16;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RG16;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA16F;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGBA32F;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_FLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R16F;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::R32F;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::RGB10A2;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R16_TYPELESS:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D16;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R24_UNORM_X8_TYPELESS:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D24;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D24S8;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_R32_TYPELESS:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::D32F;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC1_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC1;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC2;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC3;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC4;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC5;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC6H_UF16:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC6H;
        break;
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB:
        sRGB = true;
        Q_FALLTHROUGH();
    case DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM:
        rhiFormat = QRhiTexture::BC7;
        break;
    default:
        qWarning("DXGI_FORMAT %d is not supported", format);
        break;
    }
    if (sRGB)
        (*flags) |=(QRhiTexture::sRGB);
    return rhiFormat;
}
#endif

#if QT_CONFIG(metal)
namespace QSGRhiSupportMac {
    QRhiTexture::Format toRhiTextureFormatFromMetal(uint format, QRhiTexture::Flags *flags);
}
QRhiTexture::Format QSGRhiSupport::toRhiTextureFormatFromMetal(uint format, QRhiTexture::Flags *flags)
{
    return QSGRhiSupportMac::toRhiTextureFormatFromMetal(format, flags);
}
#endif

void QSGRhiSupport::configure(QSGRendererInterface::GraphicsApi api)
{
    if (api == QSGRendererInterface::Unknown) {
        // behave as if nothing was explicitly requested
        m_requested.valid = false;
        applySettings();
    } else {
        Q_ASSERT(QSGRendererInterface::isApiRhiBased(api));
        m_requested.valid = true;
        m_requested.api = api;
        applySettings();
    }
}

QSGRhiSupport *QSGRhiSupport::instance_internal()
{
    static QSGRhiSupport inst;
    return &inst;
}

QSGRhiSupport *QSGRhiSupport::instance()
{
    QSGRhiSupport *inst = instance_internal();
    if (!inst->m_settingsApplied)
        inst->applySettings();
    return inst;
}

QString QSGRhiSupport::rhiBackendName() const
{
    return QString::fromUtf8(QRhi::backendName(m_rhiBackend));
}

QSGRendererInterface::GraphicsApi QSGRhiSupport::graphicsApi() const
{
    switch (m_rhiBackend) {
    case QRhi::Null:
        return QSGRendererInterface::Null;
    case QRhi::Vulkan:
        return QSGRendererInterface::Vulkan;
    case QRhi::OpenGLES2:
        return QSGRendererInterface::OpenGL;
    case QRhi::D3D11:
        return QSGRendererInterface::Direct3D11;
    case QRhi::D3D12:
        return QSGRendererInterface::Direct3D12;
    case QRhi::Metal:
        return QSGRendererInterface::Metal;
    default:
        return QSGRendererInterface::Unknown;
    }
}

QSurface::SurfaceType QSGRhiSupport::windowSurfaceType() const
{
    switch (m_rhiBackend) {
    case QRhi::Vulkan:
        return QSurface::VulkanSurface;
    case QRhi::OpenGLES2:
        return QSurface::OpenGLSurface;
    case QRhi::D3D11:
    case QRhi::D3D12:
        return QSurface::Direct3DSurface;
    case QRhi::Metal:
        return QSurface::MetalSurface;
    default:
        return QSurface::OpenGLSurface;
    }
}

#if QT_CONFIG(vulkan)
static const void *qsgrhi_vk_rifResource(QSGRendererInterface::Resource res,
                                         const QRhiNativeHandles *nat,
                                         const QRhiNativeHandles *cbNat,
                                         const QRhiNativeHandles *rpNat)
{
    const QRhiVulkanNativeHandles *vknat = static_cast<const QRhiVulkanNativeHandles *>(nat);
    const QRhiVulkanCommandBufferNativeHandles *maybeVkCbNat =
            static_cast<const QRhiVulkanCommandBufferNativeHandles *>(cbNat);
    const QRhiVulkanRenderPassNativeHandles *maybeVkRpNat =
            static_cast<const QRhiVulkanRenderPassNativeHandles *>(rpNat);

    switch (res) {
    case QSGRendererInterface::DeviceResource:
        return &vknat->dev;
    case QSGRendererInterface::CommandQueueResource:
        return &vknat->gfxQueue;
    case QSGRendererInterface::CommandListResource:
        if (maybeVkCbNat)
            return &maybeVkCbNat->commandBuffer;
        else
            return nullptr;
    case QSGRendererInterface::PhysicalDeviceResource:
        return &vknat->physDev;
    case QSGRendererInterface::RenderPassResource:
        if (maybeVkRpNat)
            return &maybeVkRpNat->renderPass;
        else
            return nullptr;
    case QSGRendererInterface::GraphicsQueueFamilyIndexResource:
        return &vknat->gfxQueueFamilyIdx;
    case QSGRendererInterface::GraphicsQueueIndexResource:
        return &vknat->gfxQueueIdx;
    default:
        return nullptr;
    }
}
#endif

#if QT_CONFIG(opengl)
static const void *qsgrhi_gl_rifResource(QSGRendererInterface::Resource res, const QRhiNativeHandles *nat)
{
    const QRhiGles2NativeHandles *glnat = static_cast<const QRhiGles2NativeHandles *>(nat);
    switch (res) {
    case QSGRendererInterface::OpenGLContextResource:
        return glnat->context;
    default:
        return nullptr;
    }
}
#endif

#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
static const void *qsgrhi_d3d11_rifResource(QSGRendererInterface::Resource res, const QRhiNativeHandles *nat)
{
    const QRhiD3D11NativeHandles *d3dnat = static_cast<const QRhiD3D11NativeHandles *>(nat);
    switch (res) {
    case QSGRendererInterface::DeviceResource:
        return d3dnat->dev;
    case QSGRendererInterface::DeviceContextResource:
        return d3dnat->context;
    default:
        return nullptr;
    }
}

static const void *qsgrhi_d3d12_rifResource(QSGRendererInterface::Resource res, const QRhiNativeHandles *nat)
{
    const QRhiD3D12NativeHandles *d3dnat = static_cast<const QRhiD3D12NativeHandles *>(nat);
    switch (res) {
    case QSGRendererInterface::DeviceResource:
        return d3dnat->dev;
    case QSGRendererInterface::CommandQueueResource:
        return d3dnat->commandQueue;
    default:
        return nullptr;
    }
}
#endif

#if QT_CONFIG(metal)
static const void *qsgrhi_mtl_rifResource(QSGRendererInterface::Resource res, const QRhiNativeHandles *nat,
                                    const QRhiNativeHandles *cbNat)
{
    const QRhiMetalNativeHandles *mtlnat = static_cast<const QRhiMetalNativeHandles *>(nat);
    const QRhiMetalCommandBufferNativeHandles *maybeMtlCbNat =
            static_cast<const QRhiMetalCommandBufferNativeHandles *>(cbNat);

    switch (res) {
    case QSGRendererInterface::DeviceResource:
        return mtlnat->dev;
    case QSGRendererInterface::CommandQueueResource:
        return mtlnat->cmdQueue;
    case QSGRendererInterface::CommandListResource:
        if (maybeMtlCbNat)
            return maybeMtlCbNat->commandBuffer;
        else
            return nullptr;
    case QSGRendererInterface::CommandEncoderResource:
        if (maybeMtlCbNat)
            return maybeMtlCbNat->encoder;
        else
            return nullptr;
    default:
        return nullptr;
    }
}
#endif

const void *QSGRhiSupport::rifResource(QSGRendererInterface::Resource res,
                                       const QSGDefaultRenderContext *rc,
                                       const QQuickWindow *w)
{
    QRhi *rhi = rc->rhi();
    if (!rhi)
        return nullptr;

    // Accessing the underlying QRhi* objects are essential both for Qt Quick
    // 3D and advanced solutions, such as VR engine integrations.
    switch (res) {
    case QSGRendererInterface::RhiResource:
        return rhi;
    case QSGRendererInterface::RhiSwapchainResource:
        return QQuickWindowPrivate::get(w)->swapchain;
    case QSGRendererInterface::RhiRedirectCommandBuffer:
        return QQuickWindowPrivate::get(w)->redirect.commandBuffer;
    case QSGRendererInterface::RhiRedirectRenderTarget:
        return QQuickWindowPrivate::get(w)->redirect.rt.rt.renderTarget;
    default:
        break;
    }

    const QRhiNativeHandles *nat = rhi->nativeHandles();
    if (!nat)
        return nullptr;

    switch (m_rhiBackend) {
#if QT_CONFIG(vulkan)
    case QRhi::Vulkan:
    {
        QRhiCommandBuffer *cb = rc->currentFrameCommandBuffer();
        QRhiRenderPassDescriptor *rp = rc->currentFrameRenderPass();
        return qsgrhi_vk_rifResource(res, nat,
                                     cb ? cb->nativeHandles() : nullptr,
                                     rp ? rp->nativeHandles() : nullptr);
    }
#endif
#if QT_CONFIG(opengl)
    case QRhi::OpenGLES2:
        return qsgrhi_gl_rifResource(res, nat);
#endif
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    case QRhi::D3D11:
        return qsgrhi_d3d11_rifResource(res, nat);
    case QRhi::D3D12:
        return qsgrhi_d3d12_rifResource(res, nat);
#endif
#if QT_CONFIG(metal)
    case QRhi::Metal:
    {
        QRhiCommandBuffer *cb = rc->currentFrameCommandBuffer();
        return qsgrhi_mtl_rifResource(res, nat, cb ? cb->nativeHandles() : nullptr);
    }
#endif
    default:
        return nullptr;
    }
}

int QSGRhiSupport::chooseSampleCount(int samples, QRhi *rhi)
{
    int msaaSampleCount = samples;
    if (qEnvironmentVariableIsSet("QSG_SAMPLES"))
        msaaSampleCount = qEnvironmentVariableIntValue("QSG_SAMPLES");
    msaaSampleCount = qMax(1, msaaSampleCount);
    if (msaaSampleCount > 1) {
        const QVector<int> supportedSampleCounts = rhi->supportedSampleCounts();
        if (!supportedSampleCounts.contains(msaaSampleCount)) {
            int reducedSampleCount = 1;
            for (int i = supportedSampleCounts.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                if (supportedSampleCounts[i] <= msaaSampleCount) {
                    reducedSampleCount = supportedSampleCounts[i];
                    break;
                }
            }
            qWarning() << "Requested MSAA sample count" << msaaSampleCount
                       << "but supported sample counts are" << supportedSampleCounts
                       << ", using sample count" << reducedSampleCount << "instead";
            msaaSampleCount = reducedSampleCount;
        }
    }
    return msaaSampleCount;
}

int QSGRhiSupport::chooseSampleCountForWindowWithRhi(QWindow *window, QRhi *rhi)
{
    return chooseSampleCount(qMax(QSurfaceFormat::defaultFormat().samples(), window->requestedFormat().samples()), rhi);
}

// must be called on the main thread
QOffscreenSurface *QSGRhiSupport::maybeCreateOffscreenSurface(QWindow *window)
{
    QOffscreenSurface *offscreenSurface = nullptr;
#if QT_CONFIG(opengl)
    if (rhiBackend() == QRhi::OpenGLES2) {
        const QSurfaceFormat format = window->requestedFormat();
        offscreenSurface = QRhiGles2InitParams::newFallbackSurface(format);
    }
#else
    Q_UNUSED(window);
#endif
    return offscreenSurface;
}

void QSGRhiSupport::prepareWindowForRhi(QQuickWindow *window)
{
#if QT_CONFIG(vulkan)
    if (rhiBackend() == QRhi::Vulkan) {
        QQuickWindowPrivate *wd = QQuickWindowPrivate::get(window);
        // QQuickWindows must get a QVulkanInstance automatically (it is
        // created when the first window is constructed and is destroyed only
        // on exit), unless the application decided to set its own. With
        // QQuickRenderControl, no QVulkanInstance is created, because it must
        // always be under the application's control then (since the default
        // instance we could create here would not be configurable by the
        // application in any way, and that is often not acceptable).
        if (!window->vulkanInstance() && !wd->renderControl) {
            QVulkanInstance *vkinst = QVulkanDefaultInstance::instance();
            if (vkinst)
                qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO) << "Got Vulkan instance from QVulkanDefaultInstance, requested api version was" << vkinst->apiVersion();
            else
                qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO) << "No Vulkan instance from QVulkanDefaultInstance, expect problems";
            window->setVulkanInstance(vkinst);
        }
    }
#else
    Q_UNUSED(window);
#endif
}

static inline bool ensureWritableDir(const QString &name)
{
    QDir::root().mkpath(name);
    return QFileInfo(name).isWritable();
}

static QString automaticPipelineCacheDir()
{
    static bool checked = false;
    static QString currentCacheDir;
    static bool cacheWritable = false;

    if (checked)
        return cacheWritable ? currentCacheDir : QString();

    checked = true;

    // Intentionally not using the global cache path (GenericCacheLocation) -
    // we do not want forever growing pipeline cache files that contain
    // everything from all Qt apps ever run (that would affect load times
    // eventually, resource use, etc.). Stick to being application-specific.

    const QString cachePath = QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::CacheLocation);
    const QString subPath = QLatin1String("/qtpipelinecache-") + QSysInfo::buildAbi() + QLatin1Char('/');

    if (!cachePath.isEmpty()) {
        currentCacheDir = cachePath + subPath;
        cacheWritable = ensureWritableDir(currentCacheDir);
    }

    return cacheWritable ? currentCacheDir : QString();
}

static inline QString automaticPipelineCacheFileName(QRhi *rhi)
{
    const QString cacheDir = automaticPipelineCacheDir();
    if (!cacheDir.isEmpty())
        return cacheDir + QLatin1String("qqpc_") + QString::fromLatin1(rhi->backendName()).toLower();

    return QString();
}

static inline bool isAutomaticPipelineCacheLoadSkippedForWindow(Qt::WindowFlags wflags)
{
    return wflags.testFlag(Qt::ToolTip) || wflags.testFlag(Qt::SplashScreen);
}

static inline bool isAutomaticPipelineCacheSaveSkippedForWindow(Qt::WindowFlags wflags)
{
    // this catches Tool, ToolTip, SplashScreen as well
    return wflags.testFlag(Qt::Dialog) || wflags.testFlag(Qt::Popup);
}

static inline QString pipelineCacheLockFileName(const QString &name)
{
    return name + QLatin1String(".lck");
}

void QSGRhiSupport::preparePipelineCache(QRhi *rhi, QQuickWindow *window)
{
    QQuickWindowPrivate *wd = QQuickWindowPrivate::get(window);

    // the explicitly set filename always takes priority as per docs
    QString pipelineCacheLoad = wd->graphicsConfig.pipelineCacheLoadFile();
    bool isAutomatic = false;
    if (pipelineCacheLoad.isEmpty() && wd->graphicsConfig.isAutomaticPipelineCacheEnabled()) {
        if (!isAutomaticPipelineCacheLoadSkippedForWindow(window->flags())) {
            pipelineCacheLoad = automaticPipelineCacheFileName(rhi);
            isAutomatic = true;
        }
    }

    if (pipelineCacheLoad.isEmpty())
        return;

    QLockFile lock(pipelineCacheLockFileName(pipelineCacheLoad));
    if (!lock.lock()) {
        qWarning("Could not create pipeline cache lock file '%s'",
                 qPrintable(lock.fileName()));
        return;
    }

    QFile f(pipelineCacheLoad);
    if (!f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
        if (!isAutomatic) {
            qWarning("Could not open pipeline cache source file '%s'",
                     qPrintable(pipelineCacheLoad));
        }
        return;
    }

    const QByteArray buf = f.readAll();
    if (!buf.isEmpty()) {
        qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Attempting to seed pipeline cache for QRhi %p from '%s'",
                rhi, qPrintable(pipelineCacheLoad));
        rhi->setPipelineCacheData(buf);
    }
}

void QSGRhiSupport::finalizePipelineCache(QRhi *rhi, const QQuickGraphicsConfiguration &config)
{
    // output the rhi statistics about pipelines, as promised by the documentation
    qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Total time spent on pipeline creation during the lifetime of the QRhi %p was %lld ms",
            rhi, rhi->statistics().totalPipelineCreationTime);

    // the explicitly set filename always takes priority as per docs
    QString pipelineCacheSave = config.pipelineCacheSaveFile();
    bool isAutomatic = false;
    if (pipelineCacheSave.isEmpty() && config.isAutomaticPipelineCacheEnabled()) {
        pipelineCacheSave = automaticPipelineCacheFileName(rhi);
        isAutomatic = true;
    }

    if (pipelineCacheSave.isEmpty())
        return;

    const QByteArray buf = rhi->pipelineCacheData();

    // If empty, do nothing. This is exactly what will happen if the rhi was
    // created without QRhi::EnablePipelineCacheDataSave set.
    if (buf.isEmpty()) {
        if (isAutomatic) {
            // Attempt to remove the file. If it does not exist or this fails,
            // that's fine. The goal is just to prevent warnings from
            // setPipelineCacheData in future runs, e.g. if the Qt or driver
            // version does not match _and_ we do not generate any data at run
            // time, then not writing the file out also means the warning would
            // appear again and again on every run. Prevent that.
            QDir().remove(pipelineCacheSave);
        }
        return;
    }

    QLockFile lock(pipelineCacheLockFileName(pipelineCacheSave));
    if (!lock.lock()) {
        qWarning("Could not create pipeline cache lock file '%s'",
                 qPrintable(lock.fileName()));
        return;
    }

#if QT_CONFIG(temporaryfile)
    QSaveFile f(pipelineCacheSave);
#else
    QFile f(pipelineCacheSave);
#endif
    if (!f.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Truncate)) {
        if (!isAutomatic) {
            const QString msg = f.errorString();
            qWarning("Could not open pipeline cache output file '%s': %s",
                     qPrintable(pipelineCacheSave), qPrintable(msg));
        }
        return;
    }

    qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Writing pipeline cache contents (%d bytes) for QRhi %p to '%s'",
            int(buf.size()), rhi, qPrintable(pipelineCacheSave));

    if (f.write(buf) != buf.size()
#if QT_CONFIG(temporaryfile)
            || !f.commit()
#endif
            )
    {
        if (!isAutomatic) {
            const QString msg = f.errorString();
            qWarning("Could not write pipeline cache: %s", qPrintable(msg));
        }
        return;
    }
}

// must be called on the render thread
QSGRhiSupport::RhiCreateResult QSGRhiSupport::createRhi(QQuickWindow *window, QSurface *offscreenSurface, bool forcePreferSwRenderer)
{
    QRhi *rhi = nullptr;
    QQuickWindowPrivate *wd = QQuickWindowPrivate::get(window);
    const QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate *customDevD = QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::get(&wd->customDeviceObjects);
    if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::Rhi) {
        rhi = customDevD->u.rhi;
        if (rhi) {
            preparePipelineCache(rhi, window);
            return { rhi, false };
        }
    }

    const bool debugLayer = wd->graphicsConfig.isDebugLayerEnabled();
    const bool debugMarkers = wd->graphicsConfig.isDebugMarkersEnabled();
    const bool timestamps = wd->graphicsConfig.timestampsEnabled();
    const bool preferSoftware = wd->graphicsConfig.prefersSoftwareDevice() || forcePreferSwRenderer;
    const bool pipelineCacheSave = !wd->graphicsConfig.pipelineCacheSaveFile().isEmpty()
            || (wd->graphicsConfig.isAutomaticPipelineCacheEnabled()
                && !isAutomaticPipelineCacheSaveSkippedForWindow(window->flags()));

    const QString backendName = rhiBackendName();
    qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO,
            "Creating QRhi with backend %s for window %p (wflags 0x%X)\n"
            "  Graphics API debug/validation layers: %d\n"
            "  Debug markers: %d\n"
            "  Timestamps: %d\n"
            "  Prefer software device: %d%s\n"
            "  Shader/pipeline cache collection: %d",
            qPrintable(backendName), window, int(window->flags()), debugLayer,
            debugMarkers, timestamps, preferSoftware, forcePreferSwRenderer ? " [FORCED]" : "", pipelineCacheSave);

    QRhi::Flags flags;
    flags |= QRhi::SuppressSmokeTestWarnings;
    if (debugMarkers)
        flags |= QRhi::EnableDebugMarkers;
    if (timestamps)
        flags |= QRhi::EnableTimestamps;
    if (preferSoftware)
        flags |= QRhi::PreferSoftwareRenderer;
    if (pipelineCacheSave)
        flags |= QRhi::EnablePipelineCacheDataSave;

    const QRhi::Implementation backend = rhiBackend();
    if (backend == QRhi::Null) {
        QRhiNullInitParams rhiParams;
        rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags);
    }
#if QT_CONFIG(opengl)
    if (backend == QRhi::OpenGLES2) {
        const QSurfaceFormat format = window->requestedFormat();
        QRhiGles2InitParams rhiParams;
        rhiParams.format = format;
        rhiParams.fallbackSurface = offscreenSurface;
        rhiParams.window = window;
        if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::OpenGLContext) {
            QRhiGles2NativeHandles importDev;
            importDev.context = customDevD->u.context;
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Using existing QOpenGLContext %p", importDev.context);
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags, &importDev);
        } else {
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags);
        }
    }
#else
    Q_UNUSED(offscreenSurface);
    if (backend == QRhi::OpenGLES2)
        qWarning("OpenGL was requested for Qt Quick, but this build of Qt has no OpenGL support.");
#endif
#if QT_CONFIG(vulkan)
    if (backend == QRhi::Vulkan) {
        if (debugLayer)
            QVulkanDefaultInstance::setFlag(QVulkanDefaultInstance::EnableValidation, true);
        QRhiVulkanInitParams rhiParams;
        prepareWindowForRhi(window); // sets a vulkanInstance if not yet present
        rhiParams.inst = window->vulkanInstance();
        if (!rhiParams.inst)
            qWarning("No QVulkanInstance set for QQuickWindow, this is wrong.");
        if (window->handle()) // only used for vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR and that implies having a valid native window
            rhiParams.window = window;
        rhiParams.deviceExtensions = wd->graphicsConfig.deviceExtensions();
        if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::DeviceObjects) {
            QRhiVulkanNativeHandles importDev;
            importDev.physDev = reinterpret_cast<VkPhysicalDevice>(customDevD->u.deviceObjects.physicalDevice);
            importDev.dev = reinterpret_cast<VkDevice>(customDevD->u.deviceObjects.device);
            importDev.gfxQueueFamilyIdx = customDevD->u.deviceObjects.queueFamilyIndex;
            importDev.gfxQueueIdx = customDevD->u.deviceObjects.queueIndex;
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Using existing native Vulkan physical device %p device %p graphics queue family index %d",
                    importDev.physDev, importDev.dev, importDev.gfxQueueFamilyIdx);
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags, &importDev);
        } else if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::PhysicalDevice) {
            QRhiVulkanNativeHandles importDev;
            importDev.physDev = reinterpret_cast<VkPhysicalDevice>(customDevD->u.physicalDevice.physicalDevice);
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Using existing native Vulkan physical device %p", importDev.physDev);
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags, &importDev);
        } else {
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags);
        }
    }
#else
    if (backend == QRhi::Vulkan)
        qWarning("Vulkan was requested for Qt Quick, but this build of Qt has no Vulkan support.");
#endif
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    if (backend == QRhi::D3D11) {
        QRhiD3D11InitParams rhiParams;
        rhiParams.enableDebugLayer = debugLayer;
        if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::DeviceAndContext) {
            QRhiD3D11NativeHandles importDev;
            importDev.dev = customDevD->u.deviceAndContext.device;
            importDev.context = customDevD->u.deviceAndContext.context;
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Using existing native D3D11 device %p and context %p",
                    importDev.dev, importDev.context);
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags, &importDev);
        } else if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::Adapter) {
            QRhiD3D11NativeHandles importDev;
            importDev.adapterLuidLow = customDevD->u.adapter.luidLow;
            importDev.adapterLuidHigh = customDevD->u.adapter.luidHigh;
            importDev.featureLevel = customDevD->u.adapter.featureLevel;
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Using D3D11 adapter LUID %u, %d and feature level %d",
                    importDev.adapterLuidLow, importDev.adapterLuidHigh, importDev.featureLevel);
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags, &importDev);
        } else {
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags);
            if (!rhi && attemptReinitWithSwRastUponFail() && !flags.testFlag(QRhi::PreferSoftwareRenderer)) {
                qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Failed to create a D3D device with default settings; "
                                      "attempting to get a software rasterizer backed device instead");
                flags |= QRhi::PreferSoftwareRenderer;
                rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags);
            }
        }
    } else if (backend == QRhi::D3D12) {
        QRhiD3D12InitParams rhiParams;
        rhiParams.enableDebugLayer = debugLayer;
        if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::DeviceAndContext) {
            QRhiD3D12NativeHandles importDev;
            importDev.dev = customDevD->u.deviceAndContext.device;
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Using existing native D3D12 device %p", importDev.dev);
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags, &importDev);
        } else if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::Adapter) {
            QRhiD3D12NativeHandles importDev;
            importDev.adapterLuidLow = customDevD->u.adapter.luidLow;
            importDev.adapterLuidHigh = customDevD->u.adapter.luidHigh;
            importDev.minimumFeatureLevel = customDevD->u.adapter.featureLevel;
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Using D3D12 adapter LUID %u, %d and minimum feature level %d",
                    importDev.adapterLuidLow, importDev.adapterLuidHigh, importDev.minimumFeatureLevel);
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags, &importDev);
        } else {
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags);
            if (!rhi && attemptReinitWithSwRastUponFail() && !flags.testFlag(QRhi::PreferSoftwareRenderer)) {
                qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Failed to create a D3D device with default settings; "
                                      "attempting to get a software rasterizer backed device instead");
                flags |= QRhi::PreferSoftwareRenderer;
                rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags);
            }
        }
    }
#endif
#if QT_CONFIG(metal)
    if (backend == QRhi::Metal) {
        QRhiMetalInitParams rhiParams;
        if (customDevD->type == QQuickGraphicsDevicePrivate::Type::DeviceAndCommandQueue) {
            QRhiMetalNativeHandles importDev;
            importDev.dev = (MTLDevice *) customDevD->u.deviceAndCommandQueue.device;
            importDev.cmdQueue = (MTLCommandQueue *) customDevD->u.deviceAndCommandQueue.cmdQueue;
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Using existing native Metal device %p and command queue %p",
                    importDev.dev, importDev.cmdQueue);
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags, &importDev);
        } else {
            rhi = QRhi::create(backend, &rhiParams, flags);
        }
    }
#endif

    if (rhi) {
        qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Created QRhi %p for window %p", rhi, window);
        preparePipelineCache(rhi, window);
    } else {
        qWarning("Failed to create RHI (backend %d)", backend);
    }

    return { rhi, true };
}

void QSGRhiSupport::destroyRhi(QRhi *rhi, const QQuickGraphicsConfiguration &config)
{
    if (!rhi)
        return;

    if (!rhi->isDeviceLost())
        finalizePipelineCache(rhi, config);

    delete rhi;
}

QImage QSGRhiSupport::grabAndBlockInCurrentFrame(QRhi *rhi, QRhiCommandBuffer *cb, QRhiTexture *src)
{
    Q_ASSERT(rhi->isRecordingFrame());

    QRhiReadbackResult result;
    QRhiReadbackDescription readbackDesc(src); // null src == read from swapchain backbuffer
    QRhiResourceUpdateBatch *resourceUpdates = rhi->nextResourceUpdateBatch();
    resourceUpdates->readBackTexture(readbackDesc, &result);

    cb->resourceUpdate(resourceUpdates);
    rhi->finish(); // make sure the readback has finished, stall the pipeline if needed

    // May be RGBA or BGRA. Plus premultiplied alpha.
    QImage::Format imageFormat;
    if (result.format == QRhiTexture::BGRA8) {
#if Q_BYTE_ORDER == Q_LITTLE_ENDIAN
        imageFormat = QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied;
#else
        imageFormat = QImage::Format_RGBA8888_Premultiplied;
        // ### and should swap too
#endif
    } else {
        imageFormat = QImage::Format_RGBA8888_Premultiplied;
    }

    const uchar *p = reinterpret_cast<const uchar *>(result.data.constData());
    const QImage img(p, result.pixelSize.width(), result.pixelSize.height(), imageFormat);

    if (rhi->isYUpInFramebuffer())
        return img.mirrored();

    return img.copy();
}

QImage QSGRhiSupport::grabOffscreen(QQuickWindow *window)
{
    // Set up and then tear down the entire rendering infrastructure. This
    // function is called on the gui/main thread - but that's alright because
    // there is no onscreen rendering initialized at this point (so no render
    // thread for instance).

    QQuickWindowPrivate *wd = QQuickWindowPrivate::get(window);
    // It is expected that window is not using QQuickRenderControl, i.e. it is
    // a normal QQuickWindow that just happens to be not exposed.
    Q_ASSERT(!wd->renderControl);

    QScopedPointer<QOffscreenSurface> offscreenSurface(maybeCreateOffscreenSurface(window));
    RhiCreateResult rhiResult = createRhi(window, offscreenSurface.data());
    if (!rhiResult.rhi) {
        qWarning("Failed to initialize QRhi for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }
    std::unique_ptr<QRhi> rhiOwner(rhiResult.rhi);
    QRhi *rhi = rhiResult.own ? rhiOwner.get() : rhiOwner.release();

    const QSize pixelSize = window->size() * window->devicePixelRatio();
    QScopedPointer<QRhiTexture> texture(rhi->newTexture(QRhiTexture::RGBA8, pixelSize, 1,
                                                        QRhiTexture::RenderTarget | QRhiTexture::UsedAsTransferSource));
    if (!texture->create()) {
        qWarning("Failed to build texture for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }
    QScopedPointer<QRhiRenderBuffer> depthStencil(rhi->newRenderBuffer(QRhiRenderBuffer::DepthStencil, pixelSize, 1));
    if (!depthStencil->create()) {
        qWarning("Failed to create depth/stencil buffer for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }
    QRhiTextureRenderTargetDescription rtDesc(texture.data());
    rtDesc.setDepthStencilBuffer(depthStencil.data());
    QScopedPointer<QRhiTextureRenderTarget> rt(rhi->newTextureRenderTarget(rtDesc));
    QScopedPointer<QRhiRenderPassDescriptor> rpDesc(rt->newCompatibleRenderPassDescriptor());
    rt->setRenderPassDescriptor(rpDesc.data());
    if (!rt->create()) {
        qWarning("Failed to build render target for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }

    wd->rhi = rhi;

    QSGDefaultRenderContext::InitParams params;
    params.rhi = rhi;
    params.sampleCount = 1;
    params.initialSurfacePixelSize = pixelSize;
    params.maybeSurface = window;
    wd->context->initialize(&params);

    // There was no rendercontrol which means a custom render target
    // should not be set either. Set our own, temporarily.
    window->setRenderTarget(QQuickRenderTarget::fromRhiRenderTarget(rt.data()));

    QRhiCommandBuffer *cb = nullptr;
    if (rhi->beginOffscreenFrame(&cb) != QRhi::FrameOpSuccess) {
        qWarning("Failed to start recording the frame for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }

    wd->setCustomCommandBuffer(cb);
    wd->polishItems();
    wd->syncSceneGraph();
    wd->renderSceneGraph();
    wd->setCustomCommandBuffer(nullptr);

    QImage image = grabAndBlockInCurrentFrame(rhi, cb, texture.data());
    rhi->endOffscreenFrame();

    image.setDevicePixelRatio(window->devicePixelRatio());
    wd->cleanupNodesOnShutdown();
    wd->context->invalidate();

    window->setRenderTarget(QQuickRenderTarget());
    wd->rhi = nullptr;

    return image;
}

#ifdef Q_OS_WEBOS
QImage QSGRhiSupport::grabOffscreenForProtectedContent(QQuickWindow *window)
{
    // If a context is created for protected content, grabbing GPU
    // resources are restricted. For the case, normal context
    // and surface are needed to allow CPU access.
    // So dummy offscreen window is used here
    // This function is called in rendering thread.

    QScopedPointer<QQuickWindow> offscreenWindow;
    QQuickWindowPrivate *wd = QQuickWindowPrivate::get(window);
    // It is expected that window is not using QQuickRenderControl, i.e. it is
    // a normal QQuickWindow that just happens to be not exposed.
    Q_ASSERT(!wd->renderControl);

    // If context and surface are created for protected content,
    // CPU can't read the frame resources. So normal context and surface are needed.
    if (window->requestedFormat().testOption(QSurfaceFormat::ProtectedContent)) {
        QSurfaceFormat surfaceFormat = window->requestedFormat();
        surfaceFormat.setOption(QSurfaceFormat::ProtectedContent, false);
        offscreenWindow.reset(new QQuickWindow());
        offscreenWindow->setFormat(surfaceFormat);
    }

    QScopedPointer<QOffscreenSurface> offscreenSurface(maybeCreateOffscreenSurface(window));
    RhiCreateResult rhiResult = createRhi(offscreenWindow.data() ? offscreenWindow.data() : window, offscreenSurface.data());
    if (!rhiResult.rhi) {
        qWarning("Failed to initialize QRhi for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }
    QScopedPointer<QRhi> rhiOwner(rhiResult.rhi);
    QRhi *rhi = rhiResult.own ? rhiOwner.data() : rhiOwner.take();

    const QSize pixelSize = window->size() * window->devicePixelRatio();
    QScopedPointer<QRhiTexture> texture(rhi->newTexture(QRhiTexture::RGBA8, pixelSize, 1,
                                                        QRhiTexture::RenderTarget | QRhiTexture::UsedAsTransferSource));
    if (!texture->create()) {
        qWarning("Failed to build texture for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }
    QScopedPointer<QRhiRenderBuffer> depthStencil(rhi->newRenderBuffer(QRhiRenderBuffer::DepthStencil, pixelSize, 1));
    if (!depthStencil->create()) {
        qWarning("Failed to create depth/stencil buffer for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }
    QRhiTextureRenderTargetDescription rtDesc(texture.data());
    rtDesc.setDepthStencilBuffer(depthStencil.data());
    QScopedPointer<QRhiTextureRenderTarget> rt(rhi->newTextureRenderTarget(rtDesc));
    QScopedPointer<QRhiRenderPassDescriptor> rpDesc(rt->newCompatibleRenderPassDescriptor());
    rt->setRenderPassDescriptor(rpDesc.data());
    if (!rt->create()) {
        qWarning("Failed to build render target for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }

    // Backup the original Rhi
    QRhi *currentRhi = wd->rhi;
    wd->rhi = rhi;

    QSGDefaultRenderContext::InitParams params;
    params.rhi = rhi;
    params.sampleCount = 1;
    params.initialSurfacePixelSize = pixelSize;
    params.maybeSurface = window;
    wd->context->initialize(&params);

    // Backup the original RenderTarget
    QQuickRenderTarget currentRenderTarget = window->renderTarget();
    // There was no rendercontrol which means a custom render target
    // should not be set either. Set our own, temporarily.
    window->setRenderTarget(QQuickRenderTarget::fromRhiRenderTarget(rt.data()));

    QRhiCommandBuffer *cb = nullptr;
    if (rhi->beginOffscreenFrame(&cb) != QRhi::FrameOpSuccess) {
        qWarning("Failed to start recording the frame for offscreen readback");
        return QImage();
    }

    wd->setCustomCommandBuffer(cb);
    wd->polishItems();
    wd->syncSceneGraph();
    wd->renderSceneGraph();
    wd->setCustomCommandBuffer(nullptr);

    QImage image = grabAndBlockInCurrentFrame(rhi, cb, texture.data());
    rhi->endOffscreenFrame();

    image.setDevicePixelRatio(window->devicePixelRatio());

    // Called from gui/main thread on no onscreen rendering initialized
    if (!currentRhi) {
        wd->cleanupNodesOnShutdown();
        wd->context->invalidate();

        window->setRenderTarget(QQuickRenderTarget());
        wd->rhi = nullptr;
    } else {
        // Called from rendering thread for protected content
        // Restore to original Rhi, RenderTarget and Context
        window->setRenderTarget(currentRenderTarget);
        wd->rhi = currentRhi;
        params.rhi = currentRhi;
        wd->context->initialize(&params);
    }

    return image;
}
#endif

void QSGRhiSupport::applySwapChainFormat(QRhiSwapChain *scWithWindowSet, QQuickWindow *window)
{
    Q_ASSERT(scWithWindowSet->window() == window);

    QRhiSwapChain::Format swapChainFormat = QRhiSwapChain::SDR;

    QByteArray hdrRequest = qgetenv("QSG_RHI_HDR");
    if (hdrRequest.isEmpty())
        hdrRequest = window->property("_qt_sg_hdr_format").toByteArray();

    if (!hdrRequest.isEmpty()) {
        hdrRequest = hdrRequest.toLower();
        if (hdrRequest == QByteArrayLiteral("scrgb") || hdrRequest == QByteArrayLiteral("extendedsrgblinear"))
            swapChainFormat = QRhiSwapChain::HDRExtendedSrgbLinear;
        else if (hdrRequest == QByteArrayLiteral("hdr10"))
            swapChainFormat = QRhiSwapChain::HDR10;
        else if (hdrRequest == QByteArrayLiteral("p3"))
            swapChainFormat = QRhiSwapChain::HDRExtendedDisplayP3Linear;
    }

    const char *fmtStr = "unknown";
    switch (swapChainFormat) {
    case QRhiSwapChain::SDR:
        fmtStr = "SDR";
        break;
    case QRhiSwapChain::HDRExtendedSrgbLinear:
        fmtStr = "scRGB";
        break;
    case QRhiSwapChain::HDR10:
        fmtStr = "HDR10";
        break;
    case QRhiSwapChain::HDRExtendedDisplayP3Linear:
        fmtStr = "Extended Linear Display P3";
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

    if (!scWithWindowSet->isFormatSupported(swapChainFormat)) {
        if (swapChainFormat != QRhiSwapChain::SDR) {
            qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Requested a %s swapchain but it is reported to be unsupported with the current display(s). "
                                  "In multi-screen configurations make sure the window is located on a HDR-enabled screen. "
                                  "Request ignored, using SDR swapchain.", fmtStr);
        }
        return;
    }

    scWithWindowSet->setFormat(swapChainFormat);

    if (swapChainFormat != QRhiSwapChain::SDR) {
        qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO, "Creating %s swapchain", fmtStr);
        qCDebug(QSG_LOG_INFO) << "HDR output info:" << scWithWindowSet->hdrInfo();
    }
}

QRhiTexture::Format QSGRhiSupport::toRhiTextureFormat(uint nativeFormat, QRhiTexture::Flags *flags) const
{
    switch (m_rhiBackend) {
#if QT_CONFIG(vulkan)
    case QRhi::Vulkan:
        return toRhiTextureFormatFromVulkan(nativeFormat, flags);
#endif
#if QT_CONFIG(opengl)
    case QRhi::OpenGLES2:
        Q_UNUSED(flags);
        return toRhiTextureFormatFromGL(nativeFormat, flags);
#endif
#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
    case QRhi::D3D11:
    case QRhi::D3D12:
        return toRhiTextureFormatFromDXGI(nativeFormat, flags);
#endif
#if QT_CONFIG(metal)
    case QRhi::Metal:
        return toRhiTextureFormatFromMetal(nativeFormat, flags);
#endif
    default:
        return QRhiTexture::UnknownFormat;
    }
}

bool QSGRhiSupport::attemptReinitWithSwRastUponFail() const
{
    const QRhi::Implementation backend = rhiBackend();

    // On Windows it makes sense to retry using a software adapter whenever
    // device creation or swapchain creation fails, as WARP is usually available
    // (built in to the OS) and is good quality. This helps a lot in particular
    // when running in a VM that cripples proper 3D graphics.
    if (backend == QRhi::D3D11 || backend == QRhi::D3D12)
        return true;

    return false;
}

QT_END_NAMESPACE