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author | Oswald Buddenhagen <oswald.buddenhagen@qt.io> | 2017-10-06 11:52:00 +0000 |
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committer | Oswald Buddenhagen <oswald.buddenhagen@qt.io> | 2017-10-06 16:48:38 +0200 |
commit | 50b7967a78f8f7b1b45444577662ba20ed2643c8 (patch) | |
tree | 1486c059593a413b66218e23b6025faa2d8e5011 /8.31/doc/html/pcrecompat.html |
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diff --git a/8.31/doc/html/pcrecompat.html b/8.31/doc/html/pcrecompat.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f7f98f --- /dev/null +++ b/8.31/doc/html/pcrecompat.html @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +<html> +<head> +<title>pcrecompat specification</title> +</head> +<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#00005A" link="#0066FF" alink="#3399FF" vlink="#2222BB"> +<h1>pcrecompat man page</h1> +<p> +Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>. +</p> +<p> +This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically +from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the +man page, in case the conversion went wrong. +<br> +<br><b> +DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE AND PERL +</b><br> +<P> +This document describes the differences in the ways that PCRE and Perl handle +regular expressions. The differences described here are with respect to Perl +versions 5.10 and above. +</P> +<P> +1. PCRE has only a subset of Perl's Unicode support. Details of what it does +have are given in the +<a href="pcreunicode.html"><b>pcreunicode</b></a> +page. +</P> +<P> +2. PCRE allows repeat quantifiers only on parenthesized assertions, but they do +not mean what you might think. For example, (?!a){3} does not assert that the +next three characters are not "a". It just asserts that the next character is +not "a" three times (in principle: PCRE optimizes this to run the assertion +just once). Perl allows repeat quantifiers on other assertions such as \b, but +these do not seem to have any use. +</P> +<P> +3. Capturing subpatterns that occur inside negative lookahead assertions are +counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are never set. Perl sets its +numerical variables from any such patterns that are matched before the +assertion fails to match something (thereby succeeding), but only if the +negative lookahead assertion contains just one branch. +</P> +<P> +4. Though binary zero characters are supported in the subject string, they are +not allowed in a pattern string because it is passed as a normal C string, +terminated by zero. The escape sequence \0 can be used in the pattern to +represent a binary zero. +</P> +<P> +5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \l, \u, \L, +\U, and \N when followed by a character name or Unicode value. (\N on its +own, matching a non-newline character, is supported.) In fact these are +implemented by Perl's general string-handling and are not part of its pattern +matching engine. If any of these are encountered by PCRE, an error is +generated by default. However, if the PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set, +\U and \u are interpreted as JavaScript interprets them. +</P> +<P> +6. The Perl escape sequences \p, \P, and \X are supported only if PCRE is +built with Unicode character property support. The properties that can be +tested with \p and \P are limited to the general category properties such as +Lu and Nd, script names such as Greek or Han, and the derived properties Any +and L&. PCRE does support the Cs (surrogate) property, which Perl does not; the +Perl documentation says "Because Perl hides the need for the user to understand +the internal representation of Unicode characters, there is no need to +implement the somewhat messy concept of surrogates." +</P> +<P> +7. PCRE implements a simpler version of \X than Perl, which changed to make +\X match what Unicode calls an "extended grapheme cluster". This is more +complicated than an extended Unicode sequence, which is what PCRE matches. +</P> +<P> +8. PCRE does support the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters in +between are treated as literals. This is slightly different from Perl in that $ +and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause +variable interpolation (but of course PCRE does not have variables). Note the +following examples: +<pre> + Pattern PCRE matches Perl matches + + \Qabc$xyz\E abc$xyz abc followed by the contents of $xyz + \Qabc\$xyz\E abc\$xyz abc\$xyz + \Qabc\E\$\Qxyz\E abc$xyz abc$xyz +</pre> +The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes. +</P> +<P> +9. Fairly obviously, PCRE does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code}) +constructions. However, there is support for recursive patterns. This is not +available in Perl 5.8, but it is in Perl 5.10. Also, the PCRE "callout" +feature allows an external function to be called during pattern matching. See +the +<a href="pcrecallout.html"><b>pcrecallout</b></a> +documentation for details. +</P> +<P> +10. Subpatterns that are called as subroutines (whether or not recursively) are +always treated as atomic groups in PCRE. This is like Python, but unlike Perl. +Captured values that are set outside a subroutine call can be reference from +inside in PCRE, but not in Perl. There is a discussion that explains these +differences in more detail in the +<a href="pcrepattern.html#recursiondifference">section on recursion differences from Perl</a> +in the +<a href="pcrepattern.html"><b>pcrepattern</b></a> +page. +</P> +<P> +11. If any of the backtracking control verbs are used in an assertion or in a +subpattern that is called as a subroutine (whether or not recursively), their +effect is confined to that subpattern; it does not extend to the surrounding +pattern. This is not always the case in Perl. In particular, if (*THEN) is +present in a group that is called as a subroutine, its action is limited to +that group, even if the group does not contain any | characters. There is one +exception to this: the name from a *(MARK), (*PRUNE), or (*THEN) that is +encountered in a successful positive assertion <i>is</i> passed back when a +match succeeds (compare capturing parentheses in assertions). Note that such +subpatterns are processed as anchored at the point where they are tested. +</P> +<P> +12. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured +strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against +the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 unset, but in PCRE it is set to "b". +</P> +<P> +13. PCRE's handling of duplicate subpattern numbers and duplicate subpattern +names is not as general as Perl's. This is a consequence of the fact the PCRE +works internally just with numbers, using an external table to translate +between numbers and names. In particular, a pattern such as (?|(?<a>A)|(?<b)B), +where the two capturing parentheses have the same number but different names, +is not supported, and causes an error at compile time. If it were allowed, it +would not be possible to distinguish which parentheses matched, because both +names map to capturing subpattern number 1. To avoid this confusing situation, +an error is given at compile time. +</P> +<P> +14. Perl recognizes comments in some places that PCRE does not, for example, +between the ( and ? at the start of a subpattern. If the /x modifier is set, +Perl allows white space between ( and ? but PCRE never does, even if the +PCRE_EXTENDED option is set. +</P> +<P> +15. PCRE provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities. +Perl 5.10 includes new features that are not in earlier versions of Perl, some +of which (such as named parentheses) have been in PCRE for some time. This list +is with respect to Perl 5.10: +<br> +<br> +(a) Although lookbehind assertions in PCRE must match fixed length strings, +each alternative branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a different length +of string. Perl requires them all to have the same length. +<br> +<br> +(b) If PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE_MULTILINE is not set, the $ +meta-character matches only at the very end of the string. +<br> +<br> +(c) If PCRE_EXTRA is set, a backslash followed by a letter with no special +meaning is faulted. Otherwise, like Perl, the backslash is quietly ignored. +(Perl can be made to issue a warning.) +<br> +<br> +(d) If PCRE_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is +inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a +question mark they are. +<br> +<br> +(e) PCRE_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried +only at the first matching position in the subject string. +<br> +<br> +(f) The PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, and +PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE options for <b>pcre_exec()</b> have no Perl equivalents. +<br> +<br> +(g) The \R escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF +by the PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF option. +<br> +<br> +(h) The callout facility is PCRE-specific. +<br> +<br> +(i) The partial matching facility is PCRE-specific. +<br> +<br> +(j) Patterns compiled by PCRE can be saved and re-used at a later time, even on +different hosts that have the other endianness. However, this does not apply to +optimized data created by the just-in-time compiler. +<br> +<br> +(k) The alternative matching functions (<b>pcre_dfa_exec()</b> and +<b>pcre16_dfa_exec()</b>) match in a different way and are not Perl-compatible. +<br> +<br> +(l) PCRE recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) at the start of +a pattern that set overall options that cannot be changed within the pattern. +</P> +<br><b> +AUTHOR +</b><br> +<P> +Philip Hazel +<br> +University Computing Service +<br> +Cambridge CB2 3QH, England. +<br> +</P> +<br><b> +REVISION +</b><br> +<P> +Last updated: 01 June 2012 +<br> +Copyright © 1997-2012 University of Cambridge. +<br> +<p> +Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>. +</p> |