398 files changed, 97010 insertions, 11076 deletions

diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/3rdparty/CMakeLists.txt
index 8445a0d01b..364c9a425e 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ add_subdirectory(libvterm)
 add_subdirectory(libptyqt)
 add_subdirectory(qrcodegen)
 add_subdirectory(qtkeychain)
+add_subdirectory(lua)
+add_subdirectory(sol2)
 
 if(WIN32)
     add_subdirectory(winpty)
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/TranslationUnit.cpp b/src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/TranslationUnit.cpp
index e680ee2660..3e51352b14 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/TranslationUnit.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/TranslationUnit.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "Literals.h"
 #include "DiagnosticClient.h"
 
-#include "cppassert.h"
+#include <utils/qtcassert.h>
 #include <utils/textutils.h>
 
 #include <stack>
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ int TranslationUnit::sourceLength() const
 
 void TranslationUnit::setSource(const char *source, int size)
 {
-    CPP_CHECK(source);
+    QTC_ASSERT(source, return);
     _firstSourceChar = source;
     _lastSourceChar = source + size;
 }
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@ void TranslationUnit::tokenize()
     int lineColumnIdx = 0;
 
     Token tk;
+    int macroOffset = -1;
+    int macroLength = -1;
     do {
         lex(&tk);
 
@@ -209,17 +211,12 @@ recognize:
                         lex(&tk);
 
                         // Gather where the expansion happens and its length.
-                        //int macroOffset = static_cast<int>(strtoul(tk.spell(), 0, 0));
+                        macroOffset = static_cast<int>(strtoul(tk.spell(), 0, 0));
                         lex(&tk);
                         lex(&tk); // Skip the separating comma
-                        //int macroLength = static_cast<int>(strtoul(tk.spell(), 0, 0));
+                        macroLength = static_cast<int>(strtoul(tk.spell(), 0, 0));
                         lex(&tk);
 
-                        // NOTE: We are currently not using the macro offset and length. They
-                        // are kept here for now because of future use.
-                        //Q_UNUSED(macroOffset)
-                        //Q_UNUSED(macroLength)
-
                         // Now we need to gather the real line and columns from the upcoming
                         // tokens. But notice this is only relevant for tokens which are expanded
                         // but not generated.
@@ -307,6 +304,11 @@ recognize:
         tk.f.generated = currentGenerated;
 
         _tokens->push_back(tk);
+
+        if (currentExpanded) {
+            QTC_ASSERT(macroOffset != -1 && macroLength != -1, continue);
+            _expansionPositions[int(_tokens->size()) - 1] = std::make_pair(macroOffset, macroLength);
+        }
     } while (tk.kind());
 
     for (; ! braces.empty(); braces.pop()) {
@@ -462,6 +464,14 @@ int TranslationUnit::getTokenEndPositionInDocument(const Token &token,
     return Utils::Text::positionInText(doc, line, column);
 }
 
+std::pair<int, int> TranslationUnit::getExpansionPosition(int tokenIndex) const
+{
+    QTC_ASSERT(tokenIndex < int(_tokens->size()) && tokenAt(tokenIndex).generated(), return {});
+    const auto it = _expansionPositions.find(tokenIndex);
+    QTC_ASSERT(it != _expansionPositions.end(), return {});
+    return it->second;
+}
+
 void TranslationUnit::getPosition(int utf16charOffset,
                                   int *line,
                                   int *column,
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/TranslationUnit.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/TranslationUnit.h
index 40f79d0091..1332549ffd 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/TranslationUnit.h
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/TranslationUnit.h
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ public:
                              const StringLiteral **fileName = nullptr) const;
     int getTokenPositionInDocument(const Token token, const QTextDocument *doc) const;
     int getTokenEndPositionInDocument(const Token &token, const QTextDocument *doc) const;
+    std::pair<int, int> getExpansionPosition(int tokenIndex) const;
 
     void pushLineOffset(int offset);
     void pushPreprocessorLine(int utf16charOffset,
@@ -183,6 +184,11 @@ private:
     std::vector<Token> *_comments;
     std::vector<int> _lineOffsets;
     std::vector<PPLine> _ppLines;
+
+    // Offset and length. Note that in contrast to token offsets, this is a raw file offset
+    // with no preprocessor prefix.
+    std::unordered_map<int, std::pair<int, int>> _expansionPositions;
+
     typedef std::unordered_map<unsigned, std::pair<int, int> > TokenLineColumn;
     TokenLineColumn _expandedLineColumn;
     MemoryPool *_pool;
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/googletest b/src/libs/3rdparty/googletest
-Subproject b796f7d44681514f58a683a3a71ff17c94edb0c
+Subproject f8d7d77c06936315286eb55f8de22cd23c18857
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/LICENSE-CONPTY b/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/LICENSE-CONPTY
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8cb179cdb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/LICENSE-CONPTY
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/conptyprocess.cpp b/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/conptyprocess.cpp
index 6464dbeb34..94bb53b583 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/conptyprocess.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/conptyprocess.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,740 @@
 
 #include <qt_windows.h>
 
+#ifdef QTCREATOR_PCH_H
+#ifndef IN
+#define IN
+#endif
+#ifndef OUT
+#define OUT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include <winternl.h>
+
 #define READ_INTERVAL_MSEC 500
 
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT license.
+
+#define FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT 0x00000020
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/// Ported from wil/result_macros.h
+
+#define FAILED_NTSTATUS(status) (((NTSTATUS)(status)) < 0)
+#define SUCCEEDED_NTSTATUS(status) (((NTSTATUS)(status)) >= 0)
+
+#define RETURN_IF_NTSTATUS_FAILED(call) if(FAILED_NTSTATUS(call)) return E_FAIL;
+#define RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(call) if((call) == FALSE) return E_FAIL;
+#define RETURN_IF_NULL_ALLOC(call) if((call) == nullptr) return E_OUTOFMEMORY;
+#define RETURN_IF_FAILED(call) {HRESULT hr = (call); if(hr != S_OK)return hr; }
+
+//! Set zero or more bitflags specified by `flags` in the variable `var`.
+#define WI_SetAllFlags(var, flags) ((var) |= (flags))
+//! Set a single compile-time constant `flag` in the variable `var`.
+#define WI_SetFlag(var, flag) WI_SetAllFlags(var,flag)
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/// Ported from wil
+class unique_hmodule : public std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer_t<HMODULE>, decltype(&FreeLibrary)>
+{
+public:
+  unique_hmodule() : std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer_t<HMODULE>, decltype(&FreeLibrary)>(nullptr, FreeLibrary) {}
+  unique_hmodule(HMODULE module) : std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer_t<HMODULE>, decltype(&FreeLibrary)>(module, FreeLibrary) {}
+};
+
+class unique_handle : public std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer_t<HANDLE>, decltype(&CloseHandle)>
+{
+public:
+  unique_handle() : std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer_t<HANDLE>, decltype(&CloseHandle)>(nullptr, CloseHandle) {}
+  unique_handle(HANDLE module) : std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer_t<HANDLE>, decltype(&CloseHandle)>(module, CloseHandle) {}
+
+
+  class AddressOf {
+  public:
+    AddressOf(unique_handle &h) : m_h(h) {}
+    ~AddressOf() {
+      m_h.reset(m_dest);
+    }
+
+    operator PHANDLE() {return &m_dest;}
+
+    HANDLE m_dest{INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE};
+    unique_handle &m_h;
+  };
+
+  AddressOf addressof() {
+    return AddressOf(*this);
+  }
+};
+
+class unique_process_information : public PROCESS_INFORMATION
+{
+public:
+  unique_process_information() {
+   hProcess = 0;
+   hThread = 0;
+   dwProcessId = 0;
+   dwThreadId = 0;
+  }
+  ~unique_process_information() {
+    if (hProcess)
+    {
+        CloseHandle(hProcess);
+    }
+
+    if (hThread)
+    {
+        CloseHandle(hThread);
+    }
+  }
+
+  PROCESS_INFORMATION* addressof() {
+    return this;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename TLambda>
+class on_scope_exit {
+public:
+  TLambda m_func;
+  bool m_call{true};
+  on_scope_exit(TLambda &&func) : m_func(std::move(func)) {}
+  ~on_scope_exit() {if(m_call)m_func();}
+
+  void release() {m_call = false;}
+};
+
+template <typename TLambda>
+[[nodiscard]] inline auto scope_exit(TLambda&& lambda) noexcept
+{
+    return on_scope_exit<TLambda>(std::forward<TLambda>(lambda));
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+class WinNTControl
+{
+public:
+    [[nodiscard]] static NTSTATUS NtOpenFile(_Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
+                                             _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
+                                             _In_ POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes,
+                                             _Out_ PIO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatusBlock,
+                                             _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
+                                             _In_ ULONG OpenOptions);
+
+private:
+    WinNTControl();
+
+    WinNTControl(WinNTControl const&) = delete;
+    void operator=(WinNTControl const&) = delete;
+
+    static WinNTControl& GetInstance();
+
+    unique_hmodule const _NtDllDll;
+
+    typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* PfnNtOpenFile)(PHANDLE, ACCESS_MASK, POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, PIO_STATUS_BLOCK, ULONG, ULONG);
+    PfnNtOpenFile const _NtOpenFile;
+};
+
+WinNTControl::WinNTControl() :
+    // NOTE: Use LoadLibraryExW with LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32 flag below to avoid unneeded directory traversal.
+    //       This has triggered CPG boot IO warnings in the past.
+    _NtDllDll(/*THROW_LAST_ERROR_IF_NULL*/(LoadLibraryExW(L"ntdll.dll", nullptr, LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32))),
+    _NtOpenFile(reinterpret_cast<PfnNtOpenFile>(/*THROW_LAST_ERROR_IF_NULL*/(GetProcAddress(_NtDllDll.get(), "NtOpenFile"))))
+{
+}
+
+// Routine Description:
+// - Provides the singleton pattern for WinNT control. Stores the single instance and returns it.
+// Arguments:
+// - <none>
+// Return Value:
+// - Reference to the single instance of NTDLL.dll wrapped methods.
+WinNTControl& WinNTControl::GetInstance()
+{
+    static WinNTControl Instance;
+    return Instance;
+}
+
+// Routine Description:
+// - Provides access to the NtOpenFile method documented at:
+//   https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb432381(v=vs.85).aspx
+// Arguments:
+// - See definitions at MSDN
+// Return Value:
+// - See definitions at MSDN
+[[nodiscard]] NTSTATUS WinNTControl::NtOpenFile(_Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
+                                                _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
+                                                _In_ POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes,
+                                                _Out_ PIO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatusBlock,
+                                                _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
+                                                _In_ ULONG OpenOptions)
+{
+  return GetInstance()._NtOpenFile(FileHandle, DesiredAccess, ObjectAttributes, IoStatusBlock, ShareAccess, OpenOptions);
+}
+
+namespace DeviceHandle {
+
+/*++
+Routine Description:
+- This routine opens a handle to the console driver.
+
+Arguments:
+- Handle - Receives the handle.
+- DeviceName - Supplies the name to be used to open the console driver.
+- DesiredAccess - Supplies the desired access mask.
+- Parent - Optionally supplies the parent object.
+- Inheritable - Supplies a boolean indicating if the new handle is to be made inheritable.
+- OpenOptions - Supplies the open options to be passed to NtOpenFile. A common
+                option for clients is FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT, to make the handle
+                synchronous.
+
+Return Value:
+- NTSTATUS indicating if the handle was successfully created.
+--*/
+[[nodiscard]] NTSTATUS
+_CreateHandle(
+    _Out_ PHANDLE Handle,
+    _In_ PCWSTR DeviceName,
+    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
+    _In_opt_ HANDLE Parent,
+    _In_ BOOLEAN Inheritable,
+    _In_ ULONG OpenOptions)
+
+{
+    ULONG Flags = OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+
+    if (Inheritable)
+    {
+        WI_SetFlag(Flags, OBJ_INHERIT);
+    }
+
+    UNICODE_STRING Name;
+#pragma warning(suppress : 26492) // const_cast is prohibited, but we can't avoid it for filling UNICODE_STRING.
+    Name.Buffer = const_cast<wchar_t*>(DeviceName);
+    //Name.Length = gsl::narrow_cast<USHORT>((wcslen(DeviceName) * sizeof(wchar_t)));
+    Name.Length = static_cast<unsigned short>((wcslen(DeviceName) * sizeof(wchar_t)));
+    Name.MaximumLength = Name.Length + sizeof(wchar_t);
+
+    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes;
+#pragma warning(suppress : 26477) // The QOS part of this macro in the define is 0. Can't fix that.
+    InitializeObjectAttributes(&ObjectAttributes,
+                               &Name,
+                               Flags,
+                               Parent,
+                               nullptr);
+
+    IO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatus;
+    return WinNTControl::NtOpenFile(Handle,
+                                    DesiredAccess,
+                                    &ObjectAttributes,
+                                    &IoStatus,
+                                    FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
+                                    OpenOptions);
+}
+
+/*++
+Routine Description:
+- This routine creates a handle to an input or output client of the given
+  server. No control io is sent to the server as this request must be coming
+  from the server itself.
+
+Arguments:
+- Handle - Receives a handle to the new client.
+- ServerHandle - Supplies a handle to the server to which to attach the
+                 newly created client.
+- Name - Supplies the name of the client object.
+- Inheritable - Supplies a flag indicating if the handle must be inheritable.
+
+Return Value:
+- NTSTATUS indicating if the client was successfully created.
+--*/
+[[nodiscard]] NTSTATUS
+CreateClientHandle(
+    _Out_ PHANDLE Handle,
+    _In_ HANDLE ServerHandle,
+    _In_ PCWSTR Name,
+    _In_ BOOLEAN Inheritable)
+{
+    return _CreateHandle(Handle,
+                         Name,
+                         GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ | SYNCHRONIZE,
+                         ServerHandle,
+                         Inheritable,
+                         FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT);
+}
+
+/*++
+Routine Description:
+- This routine creates a new server on the driver and returns a handle to it.
+
+Arguments:
+- Handle - Receives a handle to the new server.
+- Inheritable - Supplies a flag indicating if the handle must be inheritable.
+
+Return Value:
+- NTSTATUS indicating if the console was successfully created.
+--*/
+[[nodiscard]] NTSTATUS
+CreateServerHandle(
+    _Out_ PHANDLE Handle,
+    _In_ BOOLEAN Inheritable)
+{
+    return _CreateHandle(Handle,
+                         L"\\Device\\ConDrv\\Server",
+                         GENERIC_ALL,
+                         nullptr,
+                         Inheritable,
+                         0);
+}
+
+
+} // namespace DeviceHandle
+
+[[nodiscard]] static inline NTSTATUS CreateClientHandle(PHANDLE Handle, HANDLE ServerHandle, PCWSTR Name, BOOLEAN Inheritable)
+{
+    return DeviceHandle::CreateClientHandle(Handle, ServerHandle, Name, Inheritable);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] static inline NTSTATUS CreateServerHandle(PHANDLE Handle, BOOLEAN Inheritable)
+{
+    return DeviceHandle::CreateServerHandle(Handle, Inheritable);
+}
+
+typedef struct _PseudoConsole
+{
+    HANDLE hSignal;
+    HANDLE hPtyReference;
+    HANDLE hConPtyProcess;
+} PseudoConsole;
+
+// Signals
+// These are not defined publicly, but are used for controlling the conpty via
+//      the signal pipe.
+#define PTY_SIGNAL_CLEAR_WINDOW (2u)
+#define PTY_SIGNAL_RESIZE_WINDOW (8u)
+
+// CreatePseudoConsole Flags
+// The other flag (PSEUDOCONSOLE_INHERIT_CURSOR) is actually defined in consoleapi.h in the OS repo
+#ifndef PSEUDOCONSOLE_INHERIT_CURSOR
+#define PSEUDOCONSOLE_INHERIT_CURSOR (0x1)
+#endif
+#define PSEUDOCONSOLE_RESIZE_QUIRK (0x2)
+#define PSEUDOCONSOLE_WIN32_INPUT_MODE (0x4)
+
+static QString qSystemDirectory()
+{
+    static const QString result = []() -> QString {
+        QVarLengthArray<wchar_t, MAX_PATH> fullPath = {};
+        UINT retLen = ::GetSystemDirectoryW(fullPath.data(), MAX_PATH);
+        if (retLen > MAX_PATH) {
+            fullPath.resize(retLen);
+            retLen = ::GetSystemDirectoryW(fullPath.data(), retLen);
+        }
+        // in some rare cases retLen might be 0
+        return QString::fromWCharArray(fullPath.constData(), int(retLen));
+    }();
+    return result;
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// - Returns the path to conhost.exe as a process heap string.
+static QString _InboxConsoleHostPath()
+{
+    return QString("\\\\?\\%1\\conhost.exe").arg(qSystemDirectory());
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// - Returns the path to either conhost.exe or the side-by-side OpenConsole, depending on whether this
+//   module is building with Windows and OpenConsole could be found.
+// Return Value:
+// - A pointer to permanent storage containing the path to the console host.
+static const wchar_t* _ConsoleHostPath()
+{
+    // Use the magic of magic statics to only calculate this once.
+    static QString consoleHostPath = _InboxConsoleHostPath();
+    return reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(consoleHostPath.utf16());
+}
+
+static bool _HandleIsValid(HANDLE h) noexcept
+{
+    return (h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) && (h != nullptr);
+}
+
+
+
+HRESULT _CreatePseudoConsole(const HANDLE hToken,
+                             const COORD size,
+                             const HANDLE hInput,
+                             const HANDLE hOutput,
+                             const DWORD dwFlags,
+                             _Inout_ PseudoConsole* pPty)
+{
+    if (pPty == nullptr)
+    {
+        return E_INVALIDARG;
+    }
+    if (size.X == 0 || size.Y == 0)
+    {
+        return E_INVALIDARG;
+    }
+
+    unique_handle serverHandle;
+    RETURN_IF_NTSTATUS_FAILED(CreateServerHandle(serverHandle.addressof(), TRUE));
+
+    unique_handle signalPipeConhostSide;
+    unique_handle signalPipeOurSide;
+
+    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
+    sa.nLength = sizeof(sa);
+    // Mark inheritable for signal handle when creating. It'll have the same value on the other side.
+    sa.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
+    sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = nullptr;
+
+    RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(CreatePipe(signalPipeConhostSide.addressof(), signalPipeOurSide.addressof(), &sa, 0));
+    RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(SetHandleInformation(signalPipeConhostSide.get(), HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT));
+
+    // GH4061: Ensure that the path to executable in the format is escaped so C:\Program.exe cannot collide with C:\Program Files
+    const wchar_t* pwszFormat = L"\"%s\" --headless %s%s%s--width %hu --height %hu --signal 0x%x --server 0x%x";
+    // This is plenty of space to hold the formatted string
+    wchar_t cmd[MAX_PATH]{};
+    const BOOL bInheritCursor = (dwFlags & PSEUDOCONSOLE_INHERIT_CURSOR) == PSEUDOCONSOLE_INHERIT_CURSOR;
+    const BOOL bResizeQuirk = (dwFlags & PSEUDOCONSOLE_RESIZE_QUIRK) == PSEUDOCONSOLE_RESIZE_QUIRK;
+    const BOOL bWin32InputMode = (dwFlags & PSEUDOCONSOLE_WIN32_INPUT_MODE) == PSEUDOCONSOLE_WIN32_INPUT_MODE;
+    swprintf_s(cmd,
+               MAX_PATH,
+               pwszFormat,
+               _ConsoleHostPath(),
+               bInheritCursor ? L"--inheritcursor " : L"",
+               bWin32InputMode ? L"--win32input " : L"",
+               bResizeQuirk ? L"--resizeQuirk " : L"",
+               size.X,
+               size.Y,
+               signalPipeConhostSide.get(),
+               serverHandle.get());
+
+    STARTUPINFOEXW siEx{ 0 };
+    siEx.StartupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFOEXW);
+    siEx.StartupInfo.hStdInput = hInput;
+    siEx.StartupInfo.hStdOutput = hOutput;
+    siEx.StartupInfo.hStdError = hOutput;
+    siEx.StartupInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
+
+    // Only pass the handles we actually want the conhost to know about to it:
+    const size_t INHERITED_HANDLES_COUNT = 4;
+    HANDLE inheritedHandles[INHERITED_HANDLES_COUNT];
+    inheritedHandles[0] = serverHandle.get();
+    inheritedHandles[1] = hInput;
+    inheritedHandles[2] = hOutput;
+    inheritedHandles[3] = signalPipeConhostSide.get();
+
+    // Get the size of the attribute list. We need one attribute, the handle list.
+    SIZE_T listSize = 0;
+    InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(nullptr, 1, 0, &listSize);
+
+    // I have to use a HeapAlloc here because kernelbase can't link new[] or delete[]
+    PPROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_LIST attrList = static_cast<PPROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_LIST>(HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, listSize));
+    RETURN_IF_NULL_ALLOC(attrList);
+    auto attrListDelete = scope_exit([&]() noexcept {
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, attrList);
+    });
+
+    siEx.lpAttributeList = attrList;
+    RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(siEx.lpAttributeList, 1, 0, &listSize));
+    // Set cleanup data for ProcThreadAttributeList when successful.
+    auto cleanupProcThreadAttribute = scope_exit([&]() noexcept {
+        DeleteProcThreadAttributeList(siEx.lpAttributeList);
+    });
+    RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(UpdateProcThreadAttribute(siEx.lpAttributeList,
+                                                         0,
+                                                         PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_HANDLE_LIST,
+                                                         inheritedHandles,
+                                                         (INHERITED_HANDLES_COUNT * sizeof(HANDLE)),
+                                                         nullptr,
+                                                         nullptr));
+    unique_process_information pi;
+    { // wow64 disabled filesystem redirection scope
+        if (hToken == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || hToken == nullptr)
+        {
+            // Call create process
+            RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(CreateProcessW(_ConsoleHostPath(),
+                                                      cmd,
+                                                      nullptr,
+                                                      nullptr,
+                                                      TRUE,
+                                                      EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT,
+                                                      nullptr,
+                                                      nullptr,
+                                                      &siEx.StartupInfo,
+                                                      pi.addressof()));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Call create process
+            RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(CreateProcessAsUserW(hToken,
+                                                            _ConsoleHostPath(),
+                                                            cmd,
+                                                            nullptr,
+                                                            nullptr,
+                                                            TRUE,
+                                                            EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT,
+                                                            nullptr,
+                                                            nullptr,
+                                                            &siEx.StartupInfo,
+                                                            pi.addressof()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Move the process handle out of the PROCESS_INFORMATION into out Pseudoconsole
+    pPty->hConPtyProcess = pi.hProcess;
+    pi.hProcess = nullptr;
+
+    RETURN_IF_NTSTATUS_FAILED(CreateClientHandle(&pPty->hPtyReference,
+                                                 serverHandle.get(),
+                                                 L"\\Reference",
+                                                 FALSE));
+
+    pPty->hSignal = signalPipeOurSide.release();
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// - Resizes the conpty
+// Arguments:
+// - hSignal: A signal pipe as returned by CreateConPty.
+// - size: The new dimensions of the conpty, in characters.
+// Return Value:
+// - S_OK if the call succeeded, else an appropriate HRESULT for failing to
+//      write the resize message to the pty.
+HRESULT _ResizePseudoConsole(_In_ const PseudoConsole* const pPty, _In_ const COORD size)
+{
+    if (pPty == nullptr || size.X < 0 || size.Y < 0)
+    {
+        return E_INVALIDARG;
+    }
+
+    unsigned short signalPacket[3];
+    signalPacket[0] = PTY_SIGNAL_RESIZE_WINDOW;
+    signalPacket[1] = size.X;
+    signalPacket[2] = size.Y;
+
+    const BOOL fSuccess = WriteFile(pPty->hSignal, signalPacket, sizeof(signalPacket), nullptr, nullptr);
+    return fSuccess ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// - Clears the conpty
+// Arguments:
+// - hSignal: A signal pipe as returned by CreateConPty.
+// Return Value:
+// - S_OK if the call succeeded, else an appropriate HRESULT for failing to
+//      write the clear message to the pty.
+HRESULT _ClearPseudoConsole(_In_ const PseudoConsole* const pPty)
+{
+    if (pPty == nullptr)
+    {
+        return E_INVALIDARG;
+    }
+
+    unsigned short signalPacket[1];
+    signalPacket[0] = PTY_SIGNAL_CLEAR_WINDOW;
+
+    const BOOL fSuccess = WriteFile(pPty->hSignal, signalPacket, sizeof(signalPacket), nullptr, nullptr);
+    return fSuccess ? S_OK : HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// - This closes each of the members of a PseudoConsole. It does not free the
+//      data associated with the PseudoConsole. This is helpful for testing,
+//      where we might stack allocate a PseudoConsole (instead of getting a
+//      HPCON via the API).
+// Arguments:
+// - pPty: A pointer to a PseudoConsole struct.
+// Return Value:
+// - <none>
+void _ClosePseudoConsoleMembers(_In_ PseudoConsole* pPty)
+{
+    if (pPty != nullptr)
+    {
+        // See MSFT:19918626
+        // First break the signal pipe - this will trigger conhost to tear itself down
+        if (_HandleIsValid(pPty->hSignal))
+        {
+            CloseHandle(pPty->hSignal);
+            pPty->hSignal = nullptr;
+        }
+        // Then, wait on the conhost process before killing it.
+        // We do this to make sure the conhost finishes flushing any output it
+        //      has yet to send before we hard kill it.
+        if (_HandleIsValid(pPty->hConPtyProcess))
+        {
+            // If the conhost is already dead, then that's fine. Presumably
+            //      it's finished flushing it's output already.
+            DWORD dwExit = 0;
+            // If GetExitCodeProcess failed, it's likely conhost is already dead
+            //      If so, skip waiting regardless of whatever error
+            //      GetExitCodeProcess returned.
+            //      We'll just go straight to killing conhost.
+            if (GetExitCodeProcess(pPty->hConPtyProcess, &dwExit) && dwExit == STILL_ACTIVE)
+            {
+                WaitForSingleObject(pPty->hConPtyProcess, INFINITE);
+            }
+
+            TerminateProcess(pPty->hConPtyProcess, 0);
+            CloseHandle(pPty->hConPtyProcess);
+            pPty->hConPtyProcess = nullptr;
+        }
+        // Then take care of the reference handle.
+        // TODO GH#1810: Closing the reference handle late leaves conhost thinking
+        // that we have an outstanding connected client.
+        if (_HandleIsValid(pPty->hPtyReference))
+        {
+            CloseHandle(pPty->hPtyReference);
+            pPty->hPtyReference = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// - This closes each of the members of a PseudoConsole, and HeapFree's the
+//      memory allocated to it. This should be used to cleanup any
+//      PseudoConsoles that were created with CreatePseudoConsole.
+// Arguments:
+// - pPty: A pointer to a PseudoConsole struct.
+// Return Value:
+// - <none>
+VOID _ClosePseudoConsole(_In_ PseudoConsole* pPty)
+{
+    if (pPty != nullptr)
+    {
+        _ClosePseudoConsoleMembers(pPty);
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, pPty);
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" HRESULT ConptyCreatePseudoConsoleAsUser(_In_ HANDLE hToken,
+                                                   _In_ COORD size,
+                                                   _In_ HANDLE hInput,
+                                                   _In_ HANDLE hOutput,
+                                                   _In_ DWORD dwFlags,
+                                                   _Out_ HPCON* phPC)
+{
+    if (phPC == nullptr)
+    {
+        return E_INVALIDARG;
+    }
+    *phPC = nullptr;
+    if ((!_HandleIsValid(hInput)) && (!_HandleIsValid(hOutput)))
+    {
+        return E_INVALIDARG;
+    }
+
+    PseudoConsole* pPty = (PseudoConsole*)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, sizeof(PseudoConsole));
+    RETURN_IF_NULL_ALLOC(pPty);
+    auto cleanupPty = scope_exit([&]() noexcept {
+        _ClosePseudoConsole(pPty);
+    });
+
+    unique_handle duplicatedInput;
+    unique_handle duplicatedOutput;
+    RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(DuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), hInput, GetCurrentProcess(), duplicatedInput.addressof(), 0, TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS));
+    RETURN_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(DuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), hOutput, GetCurrentProcess(), duplicatedOutput.addressof(), 0, TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS));
+
+    RETURN_IF_FAILED(_CreatePseudoConsole(hToken, size, duplicatedInput.get(), duplicatedOutput.get(), dwFlags, pPty));
+
+    *phPC = (HPCON)pPty;
+    cleanupPty.release();
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+// These functions are defined in the console l1 apiset, which is generated from
+//      the consoleapi.apx file in minkernel\apiset\libs\Console.
+
+// Function Description:
+// Creates a "Pseudo-console" (conpty) with dimensions (in characters)
+//      provided by the `size` parameter. The caller should provide two handles:
+// - `hInput` is used for writing input to the pty, encoded as UTF-8 and VT sequences.
+// - `hOutput` is used for reading the output of the pty, encoded as UTF-8 and VT sequences.
+// Once the call completes, `phPty` will receive a token value to identify this
+//      conpty object. This value should be used in conjunction with the other
+//      Pseudoconsole API's.
+// `dwFlags` is used to specify optional behavior to the created pseudoconsole.
+// The flags can be combinations of the following values:
+//  INHERIT_CURSOR: This will cause the created conpty to attempt to inherit the
+//      cursor position of the parent terminal application. This can be useful
+//      for applications like `ssh`, where ssh (currently running in a terminal)
+//      might want to create a pseudoterminal session for an child application
+//      and the child inherit the cursor position of ssh.
+//      The created conpty will immediately emit a "Device Status Request" VT
+//      sequence to hOutput, that should be replied to on hInput in the format
+//      "\x1b[<r>;<c>R", where `<r>` is the row and `<c>` is the column of the
+//      cursor position.
+//      This requires a cooperating terminal application - if a caller does not
+//      reply to this message, the conpty will not process any input until it
+//      does. Most *nix terminals and the Windows Console (after Windows 10
+//      Anniversary Update) will be able to handle such a message.
+
+extern "C" HRESULT WINAPI ConptyCreatePseudoConsole(_In_ COORD size,
+                                                    _In_ HANDLE hInput,
+                                                    _In_ HANDLE hOutput,
+                                                    _In_ DWORD dwFlags,
+                                                    _Out_ HPCON* phPC)
+{
+    return ConptyCreatePseudoConsoleAsUser(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, size, hInput, hOutput, dwFlags, phPC);
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// Resizes the given conpty to the specified size, in characters.
+extern "C" HRESULT WINAPI ConptyResizePseudoConsole(_In_ HPCON hPC, _In_ COORD size)
+{
+    const PseudoConsole* const pPty = (PseudoConsole*)hPC;
+    HRESULT hr = pPty == nullptr ? E_INVALIDARG : S_OK;
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+    {
+        hr = _ResizePseudoConsole(pPty, size);
+    }
+    return hr;
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// - Clear the contents of the conpty buffer, leaving the cursor row at the top
+//   of the viewport.
+// - This is used exclusively by ConPTY to support GH#1193, GH#1882. This allows
+//   a terminal to clear the contents of the ConPTY buffer, which is important
+//   if the user would like to be able to clear the terminal-side buffer.
+extern "C" HRESULT WINAPI ConptyClearPseudoConsole(_In_ HPCON hPC)
+{
+    const PseudoConsole* const pPty = (PseudoConsole*)hPC;
+    HRESULT hr = pPty == nullptr ? E_INVALIDARG : S_OK;
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+    {
+        hr = _ClearPseudoConsole(pPty);
+    }
+    return hr;
+}
+
+// Function Description:
+// Closes the conpty and all associated state.
+// Client applications attached to the conpty will also behave as though the
+//      console window they were running in was closed.
+// This can fail if the conhost hosting the pseudoconsole failed to be
+//      terminated, or if the pseudoconsole was already terminated.
+extern "C" VOID WINAPI ConptyClosePseudoConsole(_In_ HPCON hPC)
+{
+    PseudoConsole* const pPty = (PseudoConsole*)hPC;
+    if (pPty != nullptr)
+    {
+        _ClosePseudoConsole(pPty);
+    }
+}
+
+
 //ConPTY is available only on Windows 10 released after 1903 (19H1) Windows release
 class WindowsContext
 {
@@ -38,30 +770,9 @@ public:
 
     bool init()
     {
-        //already initialized
-        if (createPseudoConsole)
-            return true;
-
-        //try to load symbols from library
-        //if it fails -> we can't use ConPty API
-        HANDLE kernel32Handle = LoadLibraryExW(L"kernel32.dll", 0, 0);
-
-        if (kernel32Handle != nullptr)
-        {
-            createPseudoConsole = (CreatePseudoConsolePtr)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)kernel32Handle, "CreatePseudoConsole");
-            resizePseudoConsole = (ResizePseudoConsolePtr)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)kernel32Handle, "ResizePseudoConsole");
-            closePseudoConsole = (ClosePseudoConsolePtr)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)kernel32Handle, "ClosePseudoConsole");
-            if (createPseudoConsole == NULL || resizePseudoConsole == NULL || closePseudoConsole == NULL)
-            {
-                m_lastError = QString("WindowsContext/ConPty error: %1").arg("Invalid on load API functions");
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            m_lastError = QString("WindowsContext/ConPty error: %1").arg("Unable to load kernel32");
-            return false;
-        }
+        createPseudoConsole = (CreatePseudoConsolePtr)ConptyCreatePseudoConsole;
+        resizePseudoConsole = (ResizePseudoConsolePtr)ConptyResizePseudoConsole;
+        closePseudoConsole = (ClosePseudoConsolePtr)ConptyClosePseudoConsole;
 
         return true;
     }
@@ -81,6 +792,30 @@ private:
     QString m_lastError;
 };
 
+static bool checkConHostHasResizeQuirkOption()
+{
+  static bool hasResizeQuirk = std::invoke([](){
+    QFile f(_InboxConsoleHostPath());
+    if (!f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
+      qWarning() << "couldn't open conhost.exe, assuming no resizeQuirk.";
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Conhost.exe should be around 1 MB
+    if (f.size() > 5 * 1024 * 1024) {
+      qWarning() << "conhost.exe is > 5MB, assuming no resizeQuirk.";
+      return false;
+    }
+    QByteArray content = f.readAll();
+    QString searchString("--resizeQuirk");
+    QByteArrayView v((const char*)searchString.data(), searchString.length()*2);
+    bool result = content.contains(v);
+    if (!result)
+      qDebug() << "No resizeQuirk option found in conhost.";
+    return result;
+  });
+
+  return hasResizeQuirk;
+}
 
 HRESULT ConPtyProcess::createPseudoConsoleAndPipes(HPCON* phPC, HANDLE* phPipeIn, HANDLE* phPipeOut, qint16 cols, qint16 rows)
 {
@@ -93,7 +828,7 @@ HRESULT ConPtyProcess::createPseudoConsoleAndPipes(HPCON* phPC, HANDLE* phPipeIn
             CreatePipe(phPipeIn, &hPipePTYOut, NULL, 0))
     {
         // Create the Pseudo Console of the required size, attached to the PTY-end of the pipes
-        hr = WindowsContext::instance().createPseudoConsole({cols, rows}, hPipePTYIn, hPipePTYOut, 0, phPC);
+        hr = WindowsContext::instance().createPseudoConsole({cols, rows}, hPipePTYIn, hPipePTYOut, checkConHostHasResizeQuirkOption() ? PSEUDOCONSOLE_RESIZE_QUIRK : 0, phPC);
 
         // Note: We can close the handles to the PTY-end of the pipes here
         // because the handles are dup'ed into the ConHost and will be released
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/unixptyprocess.cpp b/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/unixptyprocess.cpp
index e9ec1d590f..d76349a49e 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/unixptyprocess.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/libptyqt/unixptyprocess.cpp
@@ -190,16 +190,17 @@ bool UnixPtyProcess::startProcess(const QString &shellPath,
         m_readMasterNotify->disconnect();
     });
 
-    QStringList varNames;
-    for (const QString &line : std::as_const(environment))
-        varNames.append(line.split("=").first());
-
-    QProcessEnvironment envFormat;
-    for (const QString &line : std::as_const(environment))
-        envFormat.insert(line.split("=").first(), line.split("=").last());
+    QProcessEnvironment env;
+    for (const QString &envEntry : environment) {
+        const int idx = envEntry.indexOf('=');
+        if (idx != -1)
+            env.insert(envEntry.left(idx), envEntry.mid(idx + 1));
+        else
+            env.insert(envEntry, QString());
+    }
 
     m_shellProcess.setWorkingDirectory(workingDir);
-    m_shellProcess.setProcessEnvironment(envFormat);
+    m_shellProcess.setProcessEnvironment(env);
     m_shellProcess.setReadChannel(QProcess::StandardOutput);
     m_shellProcess.start(m_shellPath, arguments);
     if (!m_shellProcess.waitForStarted())
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4501f540c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+
+add_qtc_library(lua546
+  PROPERTIES QT_COMPILE_OPTIONS_DISABLE_WARNINGS ON
+  PUBLIC_INCLUDES src
+  STATIC
+  SOURCES
+    src/lapi.c
+    src/lapi.h
+    src/lauxlib.c
+    src/lauxlib.h
+    src/lbaselib.c
+    src/lcode.c
+    src/lcode.h
+    src/lcorolib.c
+    src/lctype.c
+    src/lctype.h
+    src/ldblib.c
+    src/ldebug.c
+    src/ldebug.h
+    src/ldo.c
+    src/ldo.h
+    src/ldump.c
+    src/lfunc.c
+    src/lfunc.h
+    src/lgc.c
+    src/lgc.h
+    src/linit.c
+    src/liolib.c
+    src/llex.c
+    src/llex.h
+    src/lmathlib.c
+    src/lmem.c
+    src/lmem.h
+    src/loadlib.c
+    src/lobject.c
+    src/lobject.h
+    src/lopcodes.c
+    src/lopcodes.h
+    src/loslib.c
+    src/lparser.c
+    src/lparser.h
+    src/lstate.c
+    src/lstate.h
+    src/lstring.c
+    src/lstring.h
+    src/lstrlib.c
+    src/ltable.c
+    src/ltable.h
+    src/ltablib.c
+    src/ltm.c
+    src/ltm.h
+    src/lua.c
+    src/lua.h
+    src/luaconf.h
+    src/lundump.c
+    src/lundump.h
+    src/lutf8lib.c
+    src/lvm.c
+    src/lvm.h
+    src/lzio.c
+    src/lzio.h
+)
+
+extend_qtc_library(lua546
+  CONDITION LINUX
+  PUBLIC_DEFINES LUA_USE_LINUX
+)
+extend_qtc_library(lua546
+  CONDITION WIN32
+  PUBLIC_DEFINES LUA_USE_WINDOWS
+)
+extend_qtc_library(lua546
+  CONDITION APPLE
+  PUBLIC_DEFINES LUA_USE_MACOSX
+)
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/LICENSE b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..441cc1981c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Copyright © 1994–2023 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute,
+sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
+portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/README b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ae97165ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/README
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+This is Lua 5.4.6, released on 02 May 2023.
+
+For installation instructions, license details, and
+further information about Lua, see doc/readme.html.
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/contents.html b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/contents.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1231e6d248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/contents.html
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.4 Reference Manual - contents</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="index.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua"></A>
+Lua 5.4 Reference Manual
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language.
+<BR>
+For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/pil/">Programming in Lua</A>.
+
+<DIV CLASS="menubar">
+<A HREF="manual.html">start</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="#contents">contents</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="#index">index</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/">other versions</A>
+</DIV>
+
+<P>
+<SMALL>
+Copyright &copy; 2020&ndash;2023 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</A>.
+</SMALL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="contents">Contents</A></H2>
+<UL CLASS="contents menubar">
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html">1 &ndash; Introduction</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2">2 &ndash; Basic Concepts</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.1">2.1 &ndash; Values and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2">2.2 &ndash; Environments and the Global Environment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.3">2.3 &ndash; Error Handling</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4">2.4 &ndash; Metatables and Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5">2.5 &ndash; Garbage Collection</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.1">2.5.1 &ndash; Incremental Garbage Collection</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.2">2.5.2 &ndash; Generational Garbage Collection</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.3">2.5.3 &ndash; Garbage-Collection Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.4">2.5.4 &ndash; Weak Tables</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.6">2.6 &ndash; Coroutines</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3">3 &ndash; The Language</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.1">3.1 &ndash; Lexical Conventions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.2">3.2 &ndash; Variables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3">3.3 &ndash; Statements</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.1">3.3.1 &ndash; Blocks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.2">3.3.2 &ndash; Chunks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.3">3.3.3 &ndash; Assignment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.4">3.3.4 &ndash; Control Structures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.5">3.3.5 &ndash; For Statement</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.6">3.3.6 &ndash; Function Calls as Statements</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.7">3.3.7 &ndash; Local Declarations</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.8">3.3.8 &ndash; To-be-closed Variables</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4">3.4 &ndash; Expressions</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.1">3.4.1 &ndash; Arithmetic Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.2">3.4.2 &ndash; Bitwise Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.3">3.4.3 &ndash; Coercions and Conversions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.4">3.4.4 &ndash; Relational Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.5">3.4.5 &ndash; Logical Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.6">3.4.6 &ndash; Concatenation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.7">3.4.7 &ndash; The Length Operator</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.8">3.4.8 &ndash; Precedence</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.9">3.4.9 &ndash; Table Constructors</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.10">3.4.10 &ndash; Function Calls</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.11">3.4.11 &ndash; Function Definitions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.12">3.4.12 &ndash; Lists of expressions, multiple results, and adjustment<A>
+
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.5">3.5 &ndash; Visibility Rules</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4">4 &ndash; The Application Program Interface</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1">4.1 &ndash; The Stack</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1.1">4.1.1 &ndash; Stack Size</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1.2">4.1.2 &ndash; Valid and Acceptable Indices</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1.3">4.1.3 &ndash; Pointers to strings</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.2">4.2 &ndash; C Closures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.3">4.3 &ndash; Registry</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.4">4.4 &ndash; Error Handling in C</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.4.1">4.4.1 &ndash; Status Codes</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.5">4.5 &ndash; Handling Yields in C</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.6">4.6 &ndash; Functions and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.7">4.7 &ndash; The Debug Interface</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5">5 &ndash; The Auxiliary Library</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.1">5.1 &ndash; Functions and Types</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6">6 &ndash; The Standard Libraries</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.1">6.1 &ndash; Basic Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.2">6.2 &ndash; Coroutine Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.3">6.3 &ndash; Modules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4">6.4 &ndash; String Manipulation</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4.1">6.4.1 &ndash; Patterns</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4.2">6.4.2 &ndash; Format Strings for Pack and Unpack</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.5">6.5 &ndash; UTF-8 Support</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.6">6.6 &ndash; Table Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.7">6.7 &ndash; Mathematical Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.8">6.8 &ndash; Input and Output Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.9">6.9 &ndash; Operating System Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.10">6.10 &ndash; The Debug Library</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7">7 &ndash; Lua Standalone</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8">8 &ndash; Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.1">8.1 &ndash; Incompatibilities in the Language</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.2">8.2 &ndash; Incompatibilities in the Libraries</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.3">8.3 &ndash; Incompatibilities in the API</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#9">9 &ndash; The Complete Syntax of Lua</A>
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="index">Index</A></H2>
+<TABLE CLASS="menubar" WIDTH="100%">
+<TR>
+<TD>
+<H3><A NAME="functions">Lua functions</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.1">basic</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_G">_G</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION">_VERSION</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-assert">assert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage">collectgarbage</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-dofile">dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-error">error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-ipairs">ipairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-load">load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadfile">loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-next">next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">pairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pcall">pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-print">print</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawequal">rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawget">rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawlen">rawlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawset">rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-require">require</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-select">select</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setmetatable">setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tonumber">tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-type">type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-warn">warn</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-xpcall">xpcall</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.2">coroutine</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.close">coroutine.close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.create">coroutine.create</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.isyieldable">coroutine.isyieldable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.resume">coroutine.resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.running">coroutine.running</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.status">coroutine.status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.wrap">coroutine.wrap</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.yield">coroutine.yield</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.10">debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.debug">debug.debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.gethook">debug.gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getinfo">debug.getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getlocal">debug.getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getmetatable">debug.getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getregistry">debug.getregistry</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getupvalue">debug.getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getuservalue">debug.getuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.sethook">debug.sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setlocal">debug.setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setmetatable">debug.setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setupvalue">debug.setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setuservalue">debug.setuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.traceback">debug.traceback</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.upvalueid">debug.upvalueid</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.upvaluejoin">debug.upvaluejoin</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.8">io</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.close">io.close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.flush">io.flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.input">io.input</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.lines">io.lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.open">io.open</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.output">io.output</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.popen">io.popen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.read">io.read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stderr">io.stderr</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdin">io.stdin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdout">io.stdout</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.tmpfile">io.tmpfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.type">io.type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.write">io.write</A><BR>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:close">file:close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:flush">file:flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:lines">file:lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:read">file:read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:seek">file:seek</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:setvbuf">file:setvbuf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:write">file:write</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>&nbsp;</H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.7">math</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.abs">math.abs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.acos">math.acos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.asin">math.asin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan">math.atan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ceil">math.ceil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cos">math.cos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.deg">math.deg</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.exp">math.exp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.floor">math.floor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.fmod">math.fmod</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.huge">math.huge</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log">math.log</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.max">math.max</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.maxinteger">math.maxinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.min">math.min</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.mininteger">math.mininteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.modf">math.modf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pi">math.pi</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.rad">math.rad</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.random">math.random</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.randomseed">math.randomseed</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sin">math.sin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sqrt">math.sqrt</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tan">math.tan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tointeger">math.tointeger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.type">math.type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ult">math.ult</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.9">os</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.clock">os.clock</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.difftime">os.difftime</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.execute">os.execute</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.exit">os.exit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.getenv">os.getenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.remove">os.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.rename">os.rename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.setlocale">os.setlocale</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.tmpname">os.tmpname</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.3">package</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.config">package.config</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.cpath">package.cpath</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaded">package.loaded</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loadlib">package.loadlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.path">package.path</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.preload">package.preload</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.searchers">package.searchers</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.searchpath">package.searchpath</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.4">string</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.byte">string.byte</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.char">string.char</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.dump">string.dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.find">string.find</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.format">string.format</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gmatch">string.gmatch</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gsub">string.gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.len">string.len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.lower">string.lower</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.match">string.match</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.pack">string.pack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.packsize">string.packsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.rep">string.rep</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.reverse">string.reverse</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.sub">string.sub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.unpack">string.unpack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.upper">string.upper</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.6">table</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.concat">table.concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.insert">table.insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.move">table.move</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.pack">table.pack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.remove">table.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.sort">table.sort</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.unpack">table.unpack</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#6.5">utf8</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.char">utf8.char</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.charpattern">utf8.charpattern</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.codepoint">utf8.codepoint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.codes">utf8.codes</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.len">utf8.len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-utf8.offset">utf8.offset</A><BR>
+
+<H3><A NAME="metamethods">metamethods</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__add</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__band</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__bnot</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__bor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__bxor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__call</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#3.3.8">__close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__div</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__eq</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.5.3">__gc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__idiv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__index</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__le</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__lt</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">__metatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__mod</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.5.4">__mode</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__mul</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">__name</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__newindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">__pairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__pow</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__shl</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__shr</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__sub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">__tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#2.4">__unm</A><BR>
+
+<H3><A NAME="env">environment<BR>variables</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_CPATH">LUA_CPATH</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_CPATH_5_4">LUA_CPATH_5_4</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_INIT">LUA_INIT</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_INIT_5_4">LUA_INIT_5_4</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_PATH">LUA_PATH</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_PATH_5_4">LUA_PATH_5_4</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3><A NAME="api">C API</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Alloc">lua_Alloc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_CFunction">lua_CFunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Debug">lua_Debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Hook">lua_Hook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Integer">lua_Integer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_KContext">lua_KContext</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_KFunction">lua_KFunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Number">lua_Number</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Reader">lua_Reader</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_State">lua_State</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Unsigned">lua_Unsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_WarnFunction">lua_WarnFunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Writer">lua_Writer</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_absindex">lua_absindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_arith">lua_arith</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_atpanic">lua_atpanic</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_call">lua_call</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_callk">lua_callk</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_checkstack">lua_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_close">lua_close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_closeslot">lua_closeslot</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_compare">lua_compare</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_concat">lua_concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_copy">lua_copy</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_createtable">lua_createtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_dump">lua_dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_error">lua_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gc">lua_gc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getallocf">lua_getallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getextraspace">lua_getextraspace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfield">lua_getfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getglobal">lua_getglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethook">lua_gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookcount">lua_gethookcount</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookmask">lua_gethookmask</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_geti">lua_geti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getinfo">lua_getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getiuservalue">lua_getiuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getlocal">lua_getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getmetatable">lua_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getstack">lua_getstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettable">lua_gettable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettop">lua_gettop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getupvalue">lua_getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_insert">lua_insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isboolean">lua_isboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_iscfunction">lua_iscfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isfunction">lua_isfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isinteger">lua_isinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_islightuserdata">lua_islightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnil">lua_isnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnone">lua_isnone</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnoneornil">lua_isnoneornil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnumber">lua_isnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isstring">lua_isstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_istable">lua_istable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isthread">lua_isthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isuserdata">lua_isuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isyieldable">lua_isyieldable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_len">lua_len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_load">lua_load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newstate">lua_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newtable">lua_newtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newthread">lua_newthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newuserdatauv">lua_newuserdatauv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_next">lua_next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_numbertointeger">lua_numbertointeger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcall">lua_pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcallk">lua_pcallk</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pop">lua_pop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushboolean">lua_pushboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcclosure">lua_pushcclosure</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcfunction">lua_pushcfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushfstring">lua_pushfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushglobaltable">lua_pushglobaltable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushinteger">lua_pushinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlightuserdata">lua_pushlightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushliteral">lua_pushliteral</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlstring">lua_pushlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnil">lua_pushnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnumber">lua_pushnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushstring">lua_pushstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushthread">lua_pushthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvalue">lua_pushvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvfstring">lua_pushvfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawequal">lua_rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawget">lua_rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgeti">lua_rawgeti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgetp">lua_rawgetp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawlen">lua_rawlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawset">lua_rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawseti">lua_rawseti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawsetp">lua_rawsetp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_register">lua_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_remove">lua_remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_replace">lua_replace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_resetthread">lua_resetthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_resume">lua_resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rotate">lua_rotate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setallocf">lua_setallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfield">lua_setfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setglobal">lua_setglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_sethook">lua_sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_seti">lua_seti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setiuservalue">lua_setiuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setlocal">lua_setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setmetatable">lua_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settable">lua_settable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settop">lua_settop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setupvalue">lua_setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setwarnf">lua_setwarnf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_status">lua_status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_stringtonumber">lua_stringtonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_toboolean">lua_toboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tocfunction">lua_tocfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_toclose">lua_toclose</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointeger">lua_tointeger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointegerx">lua_tointegerx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tolstring">lua_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumber">lua_tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumberx">lua_tonumberx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_topointer">lua_topointer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tostring">lua_tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tothread">lua_tothread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_touserdata">lua_touserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_type">lua_type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_typename">lua_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueid">lua_upvalueid</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueindex">lua_upvalueindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvaluejoin">lua_upvaluejoin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_version">lua_version</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_warning">lua_warning</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_xmove">lua_xmove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yield">lua_yield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yieldk">lua_yieldk</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3><A NAME="auxlib">auxiliary library</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Buffer">luaL_Buffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Reg">luaL_Reg</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Stream">luaL_Stream</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addchar">luaL_addchar</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addgsub">luaL_addgsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addlstring">luaL_addlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addsize">luaL_addsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addstring">luaL_addstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addvalue">luaL_addvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argcheck">luaL_argcheck</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argerror">luaL_argerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argexpected">luaL_argexpected</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffaddr">luaL_buffaddr</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinit">luaL_buffinit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinitsize">luaL_buffinitsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_bufflen">luaL_bufflen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffsub">luaL_buffsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_callmeta">luaL_callmeta</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkany">luaL_checkany</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkinteger">luaL_checkinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklstring">luaL_checklstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checknumber">luaL_checknumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkoption">luaL_checkoption</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstack">luaL_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstring">luaL_checkstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checktype">luaL_checktype</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkudata">luaL_checkudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkversion">luaL_checkversion</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dofile">luaL_dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dostring">luaL_dostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_error">luaL_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_execresult">luaL_execresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_fileresult">luaL_fileresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetafield">luaL_getmetafield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetatable">luaL_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getsubtable">luaL_getsubtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_gsub">luaL_gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_len">luaL_len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbuffer">luaL_loadbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbufferx">luaL_loadbufferx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfile">luaL_loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfilex">luaL_loadfilex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadstring">luaL_loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newlib">luaL_newlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newlibtable">luaL_newlibtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">luaL_newmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newstate">luaL_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_openlibs">luaL_openlibs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_opt">luaL_opt</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optinteger">luaL_optinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlstring">luaL_optlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optnumber">luaL_optnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optstring">luaL_optstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffer">luaL_prepbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffsize">luaL_prepbuffsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushfail">luaL_pushfail</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresult">luaL_pushresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresultsize">luaL_pushresultsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_ref">luaL_ref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_requiref">luaL_requiref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_setfuncs">luaL_setfuncs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_setmetatable">luaL_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_testudata">luaL_testudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_tolstring">luaL_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_traceback">luaL_traceback</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typeerror">luaL_typeerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typename">luaL_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_unref">luaL_unref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_where">luaL_where</A><BR>
+
+<H3><A NAME="library">standard library</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_base">luaopen_base</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_coroutine">luaopen_coroutine</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_debug">luaopen_debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_io">luaopen_io</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_math">luaopen_math</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_os">luaopen_os</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_package">luaopen_package</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_string">luaopen_string</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_table">luaopen_table</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-luaopen_utf8">luaopen_utf8</A><BR>
+
+<H3><A NAME="constants">constants</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_ERRERR">LUA_ERRERR</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_ERRFILE">LUA_ERRFILE</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_ERRMEM">LUA_ERRMEM</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_ERRRUN">LUA_ERRRUN</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_ERRSYNTAX">LUA_ERRSYNTAX</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_HOOKCALL">LUA_HOOKCALL</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_HOOKCOUNT">LUA_HOOKCOUNT</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_HOOKLINE">LUA_HOOKLINE</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_HOOKRET">LUA_HOOKRET</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_HOOKTAILCALL">LUA_HOOKTAILCALL</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_LOADED_TABLE">LUA_LOADED_TABLE</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_MASKCALL">LUA_MASKCALL</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_MASKCOUNT">LUA_MASKCOUNT</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_MASKLINE">LUA_MASKLINE</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_MASKRET">LUA_MASKRET</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_MAXINTEGER">LUA_MAXINTEGER</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_MININTEGER">LUA_MININTEGER</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_MINSTACK">LUA_MINSTACK</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_MULTRET">LUA_MULTRET</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_NOREF">LUA_NOREF</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OK">LUA_OK</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPADD">LUA_OPADD</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPBAND">LUA_OPBAND</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPBNOT">LUA_OPBNOT</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPBOR">LUA_OPBOR</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPBXOR">LUA_OPBXOR</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPDIV">LUA_OPDIV</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPEQ">LUA_OPEQ</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPIDIV">LUA_OPIDIV</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPLE">LUA_OPLE</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPLT">LUA_OPLT</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPMOD">LUA_OPMOD</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPMUL">LUA_OPMUL</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPPOW">LUA_OPPOW</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPSHL">LUA_OPSHL</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPSHR">LUA_OPSHR</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPSUB">LUA_OPSUB</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_OPUNM">LUA_OPUNM</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE">LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_REFNIL">LUA_REFNIL</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_REGISTRYINDEX">LUA_REGISTRYINDEX</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS">LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD">LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TBOOLEAN">LUA_TBOOLEAN</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TFUNCTION">LUA_TFUNCTION</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA">LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TNIL">LUA_TNIL</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TNONE">LUA_TNONE</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TNUMBER">LUA_TNUMBER</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TSTRING">LUA_TSTRING</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TTABLE">LUA_TTABLE</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TTHREAD">LUA_TTHREAD</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_TUSERDATA">LUA_TUSERDATA</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_USE_APICHECK">LUA_USE_APICHECK</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUA_YIELD">LUA_YIELD</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-LUAL_BUFFERSIZE">LUAL_BUFFERSIZE</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+
+<P CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Sat Apr  1 17:57:05 UTC 2023
+</P>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.5
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/index.css b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/index.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c961835731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/index.css
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+ul {
+	list-style-type: none ;
+}
+
+ul.contents {
+	padding: 0 ;
+}
+
+table {
+	border: none ;
+	border-spacing: 0 ;
+	border-collapse: collapse ;
+}
+
+td {
+	vertical-align: top ;
+	padding: 0 ;
+	text-align: left ;
+	line-height: 1.25 ;
+	width: 15% ;
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/logo.gif b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/logo.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c77eacc3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/logo.gif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/lua.1 b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/lua.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f472fd81f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/lua.1
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+.\" $Id: lua.man,v 1.14 2022/09/23 09:06:36 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUA 1 "$Date: 2022/09/23 09:06:36 $"
+.SH NAME
+lua \- Lua interpreter
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lua
+[
+.I options
+]
+[
+.I script
+[
+.I args
+]
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B lua
+is the standalone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+.BR luac ,
+the Lua compiler.)
+.B lua
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+.LP
+After handling the
+.IR options ,
+the Lua program in file
+.I script
+is loaded and executed.
+The
+.I args
+are available to
+.I script
+as strings in a global table named
+.B arg
+and also as arguments to its main function.
+When called without arguments,
+.B lua
+behaves as
+.B "lua \-v \-i"
+if the standard input is a terminal,
+and as
+.B "lua \-"
+otherwise.
+.LP
+In interactive mode,
+.B lua
+prompts the user,
+reads lines from the standard input,
+and executes them as they are read.
+If the line contains an expression,
+then the line is evaluated and the result is printed.
+If a line does not contain a complete statement,
+then a secondary prompt is displayed and
+lines are read until a complete statement is formed or
+a syntax error is found.
+.LP
+Before handling command line options and scripts,
+.B lua
+checks the contents of the environment variables
+.B LUA_INIT_5_4
+and
+.BR LUA_INIT ,
+in that order.
+If the contents are of the form
+.RI '@ filename ',
+then
+.I filename
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the contents are assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+When
+.B LUA_INIT_5_4
+is defined,
+.B LUA_INIT
+is ignored.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-e " stat"
+execute statement
+.IR stat .
+.TP
+.B \-i
+enter interactive mode after executing
+.IR script .
+.TP
+.BI \-l " mod"
+require library
+.I mod
+into global
+.IR mod .
+.TP
+.BI \-l " g=mod"
+require library
+.I mod
+into global
+.IR g .
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.TP
+.B \-E
+ignore environment variables.
+.TP
+.B \-W
+turn warnings on.
+.TP
+.B \-\-
+stop handling options.
+.TP
+.B \-
+stop handling options and execute the standard input as a file.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+The following environment variables affect the execution of
+.BR lua .
+When defined,
+the version-specific variants take priority
+and the version-neutral variants are ignored.
+.TP
+.B LUA_INIT, LUA_INIT_5_4
+Code to be executed before command line options and scripts.
+.TP
+.B LUA_PATH, LUA_PATH_5_4
+Initial value of package.cpath,
+the path used by require to search for Lua loaders.
+.TP
+.B LUA_CPATH, LUA_CPATH_5_4
+Initial value of package.cpath,
+the path used by require to search for C loaders.
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+If a script calls os.exit,
+then
+.B lua
+exits with the given exit status.
+Otherwise,
+.B lua
+exits
+with EXIT_SUCCESS (0 on POSIX systems) if there were no errors
+and
+with EXIT_FAILURE (1 on POSIX systems) if there were errors.
+Errors raised in interactive mode do not cause exits.
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR luac (1)
+.br
+The documentation at lua.org,
+especially section 7 of the reference manual.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/lua.css b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/lua.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbd0799d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/lua.css
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+html {
+	background-color: #F8F8F8 ;
+}
+
+body {
+	background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+	color: #000000 ;
+	font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;
+	text-align: justify ;
+	line-height: 1.25 ;
+	margin: 16px auto ;
+	padding: 32px ;
+	border: solid #ccc 1px ;
+	border-radius: 20px ;
+	max-width: 70em ;
+	width: 90% ;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4 {
+	color: #000080 ;
+	font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif ;
+	font-weight: normal ;
+	font-style: normal ;
+	text-align: left ;
+}
+
+h1 {
+	font-size: 28pt ;
+}
+
+h1 img {
+	vertical-align: text-bottom ;
+}
+
+h2:before {
+	content: "\2756" ;
+	padding-right: 0.5em ;
+}
+
+a {
+	text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:link {
+	color: #000080 ;
+}
+
+a:link:hover, a:visited:hover {
+	background-color: #D0D0FF ;
+	color: #000080 ;
+	border-radius: 4px ;
+}
+
+a:link:active, a:visited:active {
+	color: #FF0000 ;
+}
+
+div.menubar {
+	padding-bottom: 0.5em ;
+}
+
+p.menubar {
+	margin-left: 2.5em ;
+}
+
+.menubar a:hover  {
+	margin: -3px -3px -3px -3px ;
+	padding: 3px  3px  3px  3px ;
+	border-radius: 4px ;
+}
+
+:target {
+	background-color: #F0F0F0 ;
+	margin: -8px ;
+	padding: 8px ;
+	border-radius: 8px ;
+	outline: none ;
+}
+
+hr {
+	display: none ;
+}
+
+table hr {
+	background-color: #a0a0a0 ;
+	color: #a0a0a0 ;
+	border: 0 ;
+	height: 1px ;
+	display: block ;
+}
+
+.footer {
+	color: gray ;
+	font-size: x-small ;
+	text-transform: lowercase ;
+}
+
+input[type=text] {
+	border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+	border-radius: 2em ;
+	background-image: url('images/search.png') ;
+	background-repeat: no-repeat ;
+	background-position: 4px center ;
+	padding-left: 20px ;
+	height: 2em ;
+}
+
+pre.session {
+	background-color: #F8F8F8 ;
+	padding: 1em ;
+	border-radius: 8px ;
+}
+
+table {
+	border: none ;
+	border-spacing: 0 ;
+	border-collapse: collapse ;
+}
+
+td {
+	padding: 0 ;
+	margin: 0 ;
+}
+
+td.gutter {
+	width: 4% ;
+}
+
+table.columns td {
+	vertical-align: top ;
+	padding-bottom: 1em ;
+	text-align: justify ;
+	line-height: 1.25 ;
+}
+
+table.book td {
+	vertical-align: top ;
+}
+
+table.book td.cover {
+	padding-right: 1em ;
+}
+
+table.book img {
+	border: solid #000080 1px ;
+}
+
+table.book span {
+	font-size: small ;
+	text-align: left ;
+	display: block ;
+	margin-top: 0.25em ;
+}
+
+p.logos a:link:hover, p.logos a:visited:hover {
+	background-color: inherit ;
+}
+
+img {
+	background-color: white ;
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/luac.1 b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/luac.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33a4ed00ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/luac.1
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+.\" $Id: luac.man,v 1.29 2011/11/16 13:53:40 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUAC 1 "$Date: 2011/11/16 13:53:40 $"
+.SH NAME
+luac \- Lua compiler
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B luac
+[
+.I options
+] [
+.I filenames
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B luac
+is the Lua compiler.
+It translates programs written in the Lua programming language
+into binary files containing precompiled chunks
+that can be later loaded and executed.
+.LP
+The main advantages of precompiling chunks are:
+faster loading,
+protecting source code from accidental user changes,
+and
+off-line syntax checking.
+Precompiling does not imply faster execution
+because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed.
+.B luac
+simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution.
+Precompiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source.
+The main goal in precompiling is faster loading.
+.LP
+In the command line,
+you can mix
+text files containing Lua source and
+binary files containing precompiled chunks.
+.B luac
+produces a single output file containing the combined bytecodes
+for all files given.
+Executing the combined file is equivalent to executing the given files.
+By default,
+the output file is named
+.BR luac.out ,
+but you can change this with the
+.B \-o
+option.
+.LP
+Precompiled chunks are
+.I not
+portable across different architectures.
+Moreover,
+the internal format of precompiled chunks
+is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released.
+Make sure you save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile.
+.LP
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-l
+produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine.
+Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine.
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and lists its contents.
+Use
+.B \-l \-l
+for a full listing.
+.TP
+.BI \-o " file"
+output to
+.IR file ,
+instead of the default
+.BR luac.out .
+(You can use
+.B "'\-'"
+for standard output,
+but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.)
+The output file may be one of the given files because
+all files are loaded before the output file is written.
+Be careful not to overwrite precious files.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+load files but do not generate any output file.
+Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks:
+corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded.
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and tests its contents.
+No messages are displayed if the file loads without errors.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+strip debug information before writing the output file.
+This saves some space in very large chunks,
+but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk,
+then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do.
+In particular,
+line numbers and names of local variables are lost.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.TP
+.B \-\-
+stop handling options.
+.TP
+.B \-
+stop handling options and process standard input.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR lua (1)
+.br
+The documentation at lua.org.
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/manual.css b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/manual.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa0e677dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/manual.css
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+h3 code {
+	font-family: inherit ;
+	font-size: inherit ;
+}
+
+pre, code {
+	font-size: 12pt ;
+}
+
+span.apii {
+	color: gray ;
+	float: right ;
+	font-family: inherit ;
+	font-style: normal ;
+	font-size: small ;
+}
+
+h2:before {
+	content: "" ;
+	padding-right: 0em ;
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/manual.html b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/manual.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0af688b343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/manual.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12046 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.4 Reference Manual</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="manual.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua"></A>
+Lua 5.4 Reference Manual
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes
+
+<P>
+<SMALL>
+Copyright &copy; 2020&ndash;2023 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</a>.
+</SMALL>
+
+<DIV CLASS="menubar">
+<A HREF="contents.html#contents">contents</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="contents.html#index">index</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/">other versions</A>
+</DIV>
+
+<!-- ====================================================================== -->
+<p>
+
+<!-- $Id: manual.of $ -->
+
+
+
+
+<h1>1 &ndash; <a name="1">Introduction</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a powerful, efficient, lightweight, embeddable scripting language.
+It supports procedural programming,
+object-oriented programming, functional programming,
+data-driven programming, and data description.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua combines simple procedural syntax with powerful data description
+constructs based on associative arrays and extensible semantics.
+Lua is dynamically typed,
+runs by interpreting bytecode with a register-based
+virtual machine,
+and has automatic memory management with
+a generational garbage collection,
+making it ideal for configuration, scripting,
+and rapid prototyping.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua is implemented as a library, written in <em>clean C</em>,
+the common subset of standard&nbsp;C and C++.
+The Lua distribution includes a host program called <code>lua</code>,
+which uses the Lua library to offer a complete,
+standalone Lua interpreter,
+for interactive or batch use.
+Lua is intended to be used both as a powerful, lightweight,
+embeddable scripting language for any program that needs one,
+and as a powerful but lightweight and efficient stand-alone language.
+
+
+<p>
+As an extension language, Lua has no notion of a "main" program:
+it works <em>embedded</em> in a host client,
+called the <em>embedding program</em> or simply the <em>host</em>.
+(Frequently, this host is the stand-alone <code>lua</code> program.)
+The host program can invoke functions to execute a piece of Lua code,
+can write and read Lua variables,
+and can register C&nbsp;functions to be called by Lua code.
+Through the use of C&nbsp;functions, Lua can be augmented to cope with
+a wide range of different domains,
+thus creating customized programming languages sharing a syntactical framework.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua is free software,
+and is provided as usual with no guarantees,
+as stated in its license.
+The implementation described in this manual is available
+at Lua's official web site, <code>www.lua.org</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like any other reference manual,
+this document is dry in places.
+For a discussion of the decisions behind the design of Lua,
+see the technical papers available at Lua's web site.
+For a detailed introduction to programming in Lua,
+see Roberto's book, <em>Programming in Lua</em>.
+
+
+
+<h1>2 &ndash; <a name="2">Basic Concepts</a></h1>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This section describes the basic concepts of the language.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.1 &ndash; <a name="2.1">Values and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a dynamically typed language.
+This means that
+variables do not have types; only values do.
+There are no type definitions in the language.
+All values carry their own type.
+
+
+<p>
+All values in Lua are first-class values.
+This means that all values can be stored in variables,
+passed as arguments to other functions, and returned as results.
+
+
+<p>
+There are eight basic types in Lua:
+<em>nil</em>, <em>boolean</em>, <em>number</em>,
+<em>string</em>, <em>function</em>, <em>userdata</em>,
+<em>thread</em>, and <em>table</em>.
+The type <em>nil</em> has one single value, <b>nil</b>,
+whose main property is to be different from any other value;
+it often represents the absence of a useful value.
+The type <em>boolean</em> has two values, <b>false</b> and <b>true</b>.
+Both <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> make a condition false;
+they are collectively called <em>false values</em>.
+Any other value makes a condition true.
+Despite its name,
+<b>false</b> is frequently used as an alternative to <b>nil</b>,
+with the key difference that <b>false</b> behaves
+like a regular value in a table,
+while a <b>nil</b> in a table represents an absent key.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>number</em> represents both
+integer numbers and real (floating-point) numbers,
+using two subtypes: <em>integer</em> and <em>float</em>.
+Standard Lua uses 64-bit integers and double-precision (64-bit) floats,
+but you can also compile Lua so that it
+uses 32-bit integers and/or single-precision (32-bit) floats.
+The option with 32 bits for both integers and floats
+is particularly attractive
+for small machines and embedded systems.
+(See macro <code>LUA_32BITS</code> in file <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+
+
+<p>
+Unless stated otherwise,
+any overflow when manipulating integer values <em>wrap around</em>,
+according to the usual rules of two-complement arithmetic.
+(In other words,
+the actual result is the unique representable integer
+that is equal modulo <em>2<sup>n</sup></em> to the mathematical result,
+where <em>n</em> is the number of bits of the integer type.)
+
+
+<p>
+Lua has explicit rules about when each subtype is used,
+but it also converts between them automatically as needed (see <a href="#3.4.3">&sect;3.4.3</a>).
+Therefore,
+the programmer may choose to mostly ignore the difference
+between integers and floats
+or to assume complete control over the representation of each number.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>string</em> represents immutable sequences of bytes.
+
+Lua is 8-bit clean:
+strings can contain any 8-bit value,
+including embedded zeros ('<code>\0</code>').
+Lua is also encoding-agnostic;
+it makes no assumptions about the contents of a string.
+The length of any string in Lua must fit in a Lua integer.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua can call (and manipulate) functions written in Lua and
+functions written in C (see <a href="#3.4.10">&sect;3.4.10</a>).
+Both are represented by the type <em>function</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>userdata</em> is provided to allow arbitrary C&nbsp;data to
+be stored in Lua variables.
+A userdata value represents a block of raw memory.
+There are two kinds of userdata:
+<em>full userdata</em>,
+which is an object with a block of memory managed by Lua,
+and <em>light userdata</em>,
+which is simply a C&nbsp;pointer value.
+Userdata has no predefined operations in Lua,
+except assignment and identity test.
+By using <em>metatables</em>,
+the programmer can define operations for full userdata values
+(see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+Userdata values cannot be created or modified in Lua,
+only through the C&nbsp;API.
+This guarantees the integrity of data owned by
+the host program and C&nbsp;libraries.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>thread</em> represents independent threads of execution
+and it is used to implement coroutines (see <a href="#2.6">&sect;2.6</a>).
+Lua threads are not related to operating-system threads.
+Lua supports coroutines on all systems,
+even those that do not support threads natively.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>table</em> implements associative arrays,
+that is, arrays that can have as indices not only numbers,
+but any Lua value except <b>nil</b> and NaN.
+(<em>Not a Number</em> is a special floating-point value
+used by the IEEE 754 standard to represent
+undefined numerical results, such as <code>0/0</code>.)
+Tables can be <em>heterogeneous</em>;
+that is, they can contain values of all types (except <b>nil</b>).
+Any key associated to the value <b>nil</b> is not considered part of the table.
+Conversely, any key that is not part of a table has
+an associated value <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables are the sole data-structuring mechanism in Lua;
+they can be used to represent ordinary arrays, lists,
+symbol tables, sets, records, graphs, trees, etc.
+To represent records, Lua uses the field name as an index.
+The language supports this representation by
+providing <code>a.name</code> as syntactic sugar for <code>a["name"]</code>.
+There are several convenient ways to create tables in Lua
+(see <a href="#3.4.9">&sect;3.4.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Like indices,
+the values of table fields can be of any type.
+In particular,
+because functions are first-class values,
+table fields can contain functions.
+Thus tables can also carry <em>methods</em> (see <a href="#3.4.11">&sect;3.4.11</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The indexing of tables follows
+the definition of raw equality in the language.
+The expressions <code>a[i]</code> and <code>a[j]</code>
+denote the same table element
+if and only if <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> are raw equal
+(that is, equal without metamethods).
+In particular, floats with integral values
+are equal to their respective integers
+(e.g., <code>1.0 == 1</code>).
+To avoid ambiguities,
+any float used as a key that is equal to an integer
+is converted to that integer.
+For instance, if you write <code>a[2.0] = true</code>,
+the actual key inserted into the table will be the integer <code>2</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables, functions, threads, and (full) userdata values are <em>objects</em>:
+variables do not actually <em>contain</em> these values,
+only <em>references</em> to them.
+Assignment, parameter passing, and function returns
+always manipulate references to such values;
+these operations do not imply any kind of copy.
+
+
+<p>
+The library function <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> returns a string describing the type
+of a given value (see <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.2 &ndash; <a name="2.2">Environments and the Global Environment</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+As we will discuss further in <a href="#3.2">&sect;3.2</a> and <a href="#3.3.3">&sect;3.3.3</a>,
+any reference to a free name
+(that is, a name not bound to any declaration) <code>var</code>
+is syntactically translated to <code>_ENV.var</code>.
+Moreover, every chunk is compiled in the scope of
+an external local variable named <code>_ENV</code> (see <a href="#3.3.2">&sect;3.3.2</a>),
+so <code>_ENV</code> itself is never a free name in a chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+Despite the existence of this external <code>_ENV</code> variable and
+the translation of free names,
+<code>_ENV</code> is a completely regular name.
+In particular,
+you can define new variables and parameters with that name.
+Each reference to a free name uses the <code>_ENV</code> that is
+visible at that point in the program,
+following the usual visibility rules of Lua (see <a href="#3.5">&sect;3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Any table used as the value of <code>_ENV</code> is called an <em>environment</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua keeps a distinguished environment called the <em>global environment</em>.
+This value is kept at a special index in the C registry (see <a href="#4.3">&sect;4.3</a>).
+In Lua, the global variable <a href="#pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a> is initialized with this same value.
+(<a href="#pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a> is never used internally,
+so changing its value will affect only your own code.)
+
+
+<p>
+When Lua loads a chunk,
+the default value for its <code>_ENV</code> variable
+is the global environment (see <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>).
+Therefore, by default,
+free names in Lua code refer to entries in the global environment
+and, therefore, they are also called <em>global variables</em>.
+Moreover, all standard libraries are loaded in the global environment
+and some functions there operate on that environment.
+You can use <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> (or <a href="#pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile</code></a>)
+to load a chunk with a different environment.
+(In C, you have to load the chunk and then change the value
+of its first upvalue; see <a href="#lua_setupvalue"><code>lua_setupvalue</code></a>.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.3 &ndash; <a name="2.3">Error Handling</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Several operations in Lua can <em>raise</em> an error.
+An error interrupts the normal flow of the program,
+which can continue by <em>catching</em> the error.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua code can explicitly raise an error by calling the
+<a href="#pdf-error"><code>error</code></a> function.
+(This function never returns.)
+
+
+<p>
+To catch errors in Lua,
+you can do a <em>protected call</em>,
+using <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a> (or <a href="#pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall</code></a>).
+The function <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a> calls a given function in <em>protected mode</em>.
+Any error while running the function stops its execution,
+and control returns immediately to <code>pcall</code>,
+which returns a status code.
+
+
+<p>
+Because Lua is an embedded extension language,
+Lua code starts running by a call
+from C&nbsp;code in the host program.
+(When you use Lua standalone,
+the <code>lua</code> application is the host program.)
+Usually, this call is protected;
+so, when an otherwise unprotected error occurs during
+the compilation or execution of a Lua chunk,
+control returns to the host,
+which can take appropriate measures,
+such as printing an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever there is an error,
+an <em>error object</em>
+is propagated with information about the error.
+Lua itself only generates errors whose error object is a string,
+but programs may generate errors with
+any value as the error object.
+It is up to the Lua program or its host to handle such error objects.
+For historical reasons,
+an error object is often called an <em>error message</em>,
+even though it does not have to be a string.
+
+
+<p>
+When you use <a href="#pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall</code></a> (or <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>, in C)
+you may give a <em>message handler</em>
+to be called in case of errors.
+This function is called with the original error object
+and returns a new error object.
+It is called before the error unwinds the stack,
+so that it can gather more information about the error,
+for instance by inspecting the stack and creating a stack traceback.
+This message handler is still protected by the protected call;
+so, an error inside the message handler
+will call the message handler again.
+If this loop goes on for too long,
+Lua breaks it and returns an appropriate message.
+The message handler is called only for regular runtime errors.
+It is not called for memory-allocation errors
+nor for errors while running finalizers or other message handlers.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua also offers a system of <em>warnings</em> (see <a href="#pdf-warn"><code>warn</code></a>).
+Unlike errors, warnings do not interfere
+in any way with program execution.
+They typically only generate a message to the user,
+although this behavior can be adapted from C (see <a href="#lua_setwarnf"><code>lua_setwarnf</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.4 &ndash; <a name="2.4">Metatables and Metamethods</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Every value in Lua can have a <em>metatable</em>.
+This <em>metatable</em> is an ordinary Lua table
+that defines the behavior of the original value
+under certain events.
+You can change several aspects of the behavior
+of a value by setting specific fields in its metatable.
+For instance, when a non-numeric value is the operand of an addition,
+Lua checks for a function in the field <code>__add</code> of the value's metatable.
+If it finds one,
+Lua calls this function to perform the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+The key for each event in a metatable is a string
+with the event name prefixed by two underscores;
+the corresponding value is called a <em>metavalue</em>.
+For most events, the metavalue must be a function,
+which is then called a <em>metamethod</em>.
+In the previous example, the key is the string "<code>__add</code>"
+and the metamethod is the function that performs the addition.
+Unless stated otherwise,
+a metamethod may in fact be any callable value,
+which is either a function or a value with a <code>__call</code> metamethod.
+
+
+<p>
+You can query the metatable of any value
+using the <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a> function.
+Lua queries metamethods in metatables using a raw access (see <a href="#pdf-rawget"><code>rawget</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+You can replace the metatable of tables
+using the <a href="#pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable</code></a> function.
+You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua code,
+except by using the debug library (<a href="#6.10">&sect;6.10</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Tables and full userdata have individual metatables,
+although multiple tables and userdata can share their metatables.
+Values of all other types share one single metatable per type;
+that is, there is one single metatable for all numbers,
+one for all strings, etc.
+By default, a value has no metatable,
+but the string library sets a metatable for the string type (see <a href="#6.4">&sect;6.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+A detailed list of operations controlled by metatables is given next.
+Each event is identified by its corresponding key.
+By convention, all metatable keys used by Lua are composed by
+two underscores followed by lowercase Latin letters.
+
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>__add</code>: </b>
+the addition (<code>+</code>) operation.
+If any operand for an addition is not a number,
+Lua will try to call a metamethod.
+It starts by checking the first operand (even if it is a number);
+if that operand does not define a metamethod for <code>__add</code>,
+then Lua will check the second operand.
+If Lua can find a metamethod,
+it calls the metamethod with the two operands as arguments,
+and the result of the call
+(adjusted to one value)
+is the result of the operation.
+Otherwise, if no metamethod is found,
+Lua raises an error.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__sub</code>: </b>
+the subtraction (<code>-</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__mul</code>: </b>
+the multiplication (<code>*</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__div</code>: </b>
+the division (<code>/</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__mod</code>: </b>
+the modulo (<code>%</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__pow</code>: </b>
+the exponentiation (<code>^</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__unm</code>: </b>
+the negation (unary <code>-</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__idiv</code>: </b>
+the floor division (<code>//</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__band</code>: </b>
+the bitwise AND (<code>&amp;</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation,
+except that Lua will try a metamethod
+if any operand is neither an integer
+nor a float coercible to an integer (see <a href="#3.4.3">&sect;3.4.3</a>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__bor</code>: </b>
+the bitwise OR (<code>|</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the bitwise AND operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__bxor</code>: </b>
+the bitwise exclusive OR (binary <code>~</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the bitwise AND operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__bnot</code>: </b>
+the bitwise NOT (unary <code>~</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the bitwise AND operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__shl</code>: </b>
+the bitwise left shift (<code>&lt;&lt;</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the bitwise AND operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__shr</code>: </b>
+the bitwise right shift (<code>&gt;&gt;</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the bitwise AND operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__concat</code>: </b>
+the concatenation (<code>..</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation,
+except that Lua will try a metamethod
+if any operand is neither a string nor a number
+(which is always coercible to a string).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__len</code>: </b>
+the length (<code>#</code>) operation.
+If the object is not a string,
+Lua will try its metamethod.
+If there is a metamethod,
+Lua calls it with the object as argument,
+and the result of the call
+(always adjusted to one value)
+is the result of the operation.
+If there is no metamethod but the object is a table,
+then Lua uses the table length operation (see <a href="#3.4.7">&sect;3.4.7</a>).
+Otherwise, Lua raises an error.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__eq</code>: </b>
+the equal (<code>==</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation,
+except that Lua will try a metamethod only when the values
+being compared are either both tables or both full userdata
+and they are not primitively equal.
+The result of the call is always converted to a boolean.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__lt</code>: </b>
+the less than (<code>&lt;</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the addition operation,
+except that Lua will try a metamethod only when the values
+being compared are neither both numbers nor both strings.
+Moreover, the result of the call is always converted to a boolean.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__le</code>: </b>
+the less equal (<code>&lt;=</code>) operation.
+Behavior similar to the less than operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__index</code>: </b>
+The indexing access operation <code>table[key]</code>.
+This event happens when <code>table</code> is not a table or
+when <code>key</code> is not present in <code>table</code>.
+The metavalue is looked up in the metatable of <code>table</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The metavalue for this event can be either a function, a table,
+or any value with an <code>__index</code> metavalue.
+If it is a function,
+it is called with <code>table</code> and <code>key</code> as arguments,
+and the result of the call
+(adjusted to one value)
+is the result of the operation.
+Otherwise,
+the final result is the result of indexing this metavalue with <code>key</code>.
+This indexing is regular, not raw,
+and therefore can trigger another <code>__index</code> metavalue.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__newindex</code>: </b>
+The indexing assignment <code>table[key] = value</code>.
+Like the index event,
+this event happens when <code>table</code> is not a table or
+when <code>key</code> is not present in <code>table</code>.
+The metavalue is looked up in the metatable of <code>table</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like with indexing,
+the metavalue for this event can be either a function, a table,
+or any value with an <code>__newindex</code> metavalue.
+If it is a function,
+it is called with <code>table</code>, <code>key</code>, and <code>value</code> as arguments.
+Otherwise,
+Lua repeats the indexing assignment over this metavalue
+with the same key and value.
+This assignment is regular, not raw,
+and therefore can trigger another <code>__newindex</code> metavalue.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a <code>__newindex</code> metavalue is invoked,
+Lua does not perform the primitive assignment.
+If needed,
+the metamethod itself can call <a href="#pdf-rawset"><code>rawset</code></a>
+to do the assignment.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>__call</code>: </b>
+The call operation <code>func(args)</code>.
+This event happens when Lua tries to call a non-function value
+(that is, <code>func</code> is not a function).
+The metamethod is looked up in <code>func</code>.
+If present,
+the metamethod is called with <code>func</code> as its first argument,
+followed by the arguments of the original call (<code>args</code>).
+All results of the call
+are the results of the operation.
+This is the only metamethod that allows multiple results.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+In addition to the previous list,
+the interpreter also respects the following keys in metatables:
+<code>__gc</code> (see <a href="#2.5.3">&sect;2.5.3</a>),
+<code>__close</code> (see <a href="#3.3.8">&sect;3.3.8</a>),
+<code>__mode</code> (see <a href="#2.5.4">&sect;2.5.4</a>),
+and <code>__name</code>.
+(The entry <code>__name</code>,
+when it contains a string,
+may be used by <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> and in error messages.)
+
+
+<p>
+For the unary operators (negation, length, and bitwise NOT),
+the metamethod is computed and called with a dummy second operand,
+equal to the first one.
+This extra operand is only to simplify Lua's internals
+(by making these operators behave like a binary operation)
+and may be removed in future versions.
+For most uses this extra operand is irrelevant.
+
+
+<p>
+Because metatables are regular tables,
+they can contain arbitrary fields,
+not only the event names defined above.
+Some functions in the standard library
+(e.g., <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a>)
+use other fields in metatables for their own purposes.
+
+
+<p>
+It is a good practice to add all needed metamethods to a table
+before setting it as a metatable of some object.
+In particular, the <code>__gc</code> metamethod works only when this order
+is followed (see <a href="#2.5.3">&sect;2.5.3</a>).
+It is also a good practice to set the metatable of an object
+right after its creation.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.5 &ndash; <a name="2.5">Garbage Collection</a></h2>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Lua performs automatic memory management.
+This means that
+you do not have to worry about allocating memory for new objects
+or freeing it when the objects are no longer needed.
+Lua manages memory automatically by running
+a <em>garbage collector</em> to collect all <em>dead</em> objects.
+All memory used by Lua is subject to automatic management:
+strings, tables, userdata, functions, threads, internal structures, etc.
+
+
+<p>
+An object is considered <em>dead</em>
+as soon as the collector can be sure the object
+will not be accessed again in the normal execution of the program.
+("Normal execution" here excludes finalizers,
+which can resurrect dead objects (see <a href="#2.5.3">&sect;2.5.3</a>),
+and excludes also operations using the debug library.)
+Note that the time when the collector can be sure that an object
+is dead may not coincide with the programmer's expectations.
+The only guarantees are that Lua will not collect an object
+that may still be accessed in the normal execution of the program,
+and it will eventually collect an object
+that is inaccessible from Lua.
+(Here,
+<em>inaccessible from Lua</em> means that neither a variable nor
+another live object refer to the object.)
+Because Lua has no knowledge about C&nbsp;code,
+it never collects objects accessible through the registry (see <a href="#4.3">&sect;4.3</a>),
+which includes the global environment (see <a href="#2.2">&sect;2.2</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage collector (GC) in Lua can work in two modes:
+incremental and generational.
+
+
+<p>
+The default GC mode with the default parameters
+are adequate for most uses.
+However, programs that waste a large proportion of their time
+allocating and freeing memory can benefit from other settings.
+Keep in mind that the GC behavior is non-portable
+both across platforms and across different Lua releases;
+therefore, optimal settings are also non-portable.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change the GC mode and parameters by calling
+<a href="#lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a> in&nbsp;C
+or <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> in Lua.
+You can also use these functions to control
+the collector directly (e.g., to stop and restart it).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.1 &ndash; <a name="2.5.1">Incremental Garbage Collection</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+In incremental mode,
+each GC cycle performs a mark-and-sweep collection in small steps
+interleaved with the program's execution.
+In this mode,
+the collector uses three numbers to control its garbage-collection cycles:
+the <em>garbage-collector pause</em>,
+the <em>garbage-collector step multiplier</em>,
+and the <em>garbage-collector step size</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector pause
+controls how long the collector waits before starting a new cycle.
+The collector starts a new cycle when the use of memory
+hits <em>n%</em> of the use after the previous collection.
+Larger values make the collector less aggressive.
+Values equal to or less than 100 mean the collector will not wait to
+start a new cycle.
+A value of 200 means that the collector waits for the total memory in use
+to double before starting a new cycle.
+The default value is 200; the maximum value is 1000.
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector step multiplier
+controls the speed of the collector relative to
+memory allocation,
+that is,
+how many elements it marks or sweeps for each
+kilobyte of memory allocated.
+Larger values make the collector more aggressive but also increase
+the size of each incremental step.
+You should not use values less than 100,
+because they make the collector too slow and
+can result in the collector never finishing a cycle.
+The default value is 100;  the maximum value is 1000.
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector step size controls the
+size of each incremental step,
+specifically how many bytes the interpreter allocates
+before performing a step.
+This parameter is logarithmic:
+A value of <em>n</em> means the interpreter will allocate <em>2<sup>n</sup></em>
+bytes between steps and perform equivalent work during the step.
+A large value (e.g., 60) makes the collector a stop-the-world
+(non-incremental) collector.
+The default value is 13,
+which means steps of approximately 8&nbsp;Kbytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.2 &ndash; <a name="2.5.2">Generational Garbage Collection</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+In generational mode,
+the collector does frequent <em>minor</em> collections,
+which traverses only objects recently created.
+If after a minor collection the use of memory is still above a limit,
+the collector does a stop-the-world <em>major</em> collection,
+which traverses all objects.
+The generational mode uses two parameters:
+the <em>minor multiplier</em> and the <em>the major multiplier</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+The minor multiplier controls the frequency of minor collections.
+For a minor multiplier <em>x</em>,
+a new minor collection will be done when memory
+grows <em>x%</em> larger than the memory in use after the previous major
+collection.
+For instance, for a multiplier of 20,
+the collector will do a minor collection when the use of memory
+gets 20% larger than the use after the previous major collection.
+The default value is 20; the maximum value is 200.
+
+
+<p>
+The major multiplier controls the frequency of major collections.
+For a major multiplier <em>x</em>,
+a new major collection will be done when memory
+grows <em>x%</em> larger than the memory in use after the previous major
+collection.
+For instance, for a multiplier of 100,
+the collector will do a major collection when the use of memory
+gets larger than twice the use after the previous collection.
+The default value is 100; the maximum value is 1000.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.3 &ndash; <a name="2.5.3">Garbage-Collection Metamethods</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+You can set garbage-collector metamethods for tables
+and, using the C&nbsp;API,
+for full userdata (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+These metamethods, called <em>finalizers</em>,
+are called when the garbage collector detects that the
+corresponding table or userdata is dead.
+Finalizers allow you to coordinate Lua's garbage collection
+with external resource management such as closing files,
+network or database connections,
+or freeing your own memory.
+
+
+<p>
+For an object (table or userdata) to be finalized when collected,
+you must <em>mark</em> it for finalization.
+
+You mark an object for finalization when you set its metatable
+and the metatable has a <code>__gc</code> metamethod.
+Note that if you set a metatable without a <code>__gc</code> field
+and later create that field in the metatable,
+the object will not be marked for finalization.
+
+
+<p>
+When a marked object becomes dead,
+it is not collected immediately by the garbage collector.
+Instead, Lua puts it in a list.
+After the collection,
+Lua goes through that list.
+For each object in the list,
+it checks the object's <code>__gc</code> metamethod:
+If it is present,
+Lua calls it with the object as its single argument.
+
+
+<p>
+At the end of each garbage-collection cycle,
+the finalizers are called in
+the reverse order that the objects were marked for finalization,
+among those collected in that cycle;
+that is, the first finalizer to be called is the one associated
+with the object marked last in the program.
+The execution of each finalizer may occur at any point during
+the execution of the regular code.
+
+
+<p>
+Because the object being collected must still be used by the finalizer,
+that object (and other objects accessible only through it)
+must be <em>resurrected</em> by Lua.
+Usually, this resurrection is transient,
+and the object memory is freed in the next garbage-collection cycle.
+However, if the finalizer stores the object in some global place
+(e.g., a global variable),
+then the resurrection is permanent.
+Moreover, if the finalizer marks a finalizing object for finalization again,
+its finalizer will be called again in the next cycle where the
+object is dead.
+In any case,
+the object memory is freed only in a GC cycle where
+the object is dead and not marked for finalization.
+
+
+<p>
+When you close a state (see <a href="#lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a>),
+Lua calls the finalizers of all objects marked for finalization,
+following the reverse order that they were marked.
+If any finalizer marks objects for collection during that phase,
+these marks have no effect.
+
+
+<p>
+Finalizers cannot yield nor run the garbage collector.
+Because they can run in unpredictable times,
+it is good practice to restrict each finalizer
+to the minimum necessary to properly release
+its associated resource.
+
+
+<p>
+Any error while running a finalizer generates a warning;
+the error is not propagated.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.4 &ndash; <a name="2.5.4">Weak Tables</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A <em>weak table</em> is a table whose elements are
+<em>weak references</em>.
+A weak reference is ignored by the garbage collector.
+In other words,
+if the only references to an object are weak references,
+then the garbage collector will collect that object.
+
+
+<p>
+A weak table can have weak keys, weak values, or both.
+A table with weak values allows the collection of its values,
+but prevents the collection of its keys.
+A table with both weak keys and weak values allows the collection of
+both keys and values.
+In any case, if either the key or the value is collected,
+the whole pair is removed from the table.
+The weakness of a table is controlled by the
+<code>__mode</code> field of its metatable.
+This metavalue, if present, must be one of the following strings:
+"<code>k</code>", for a table with weak keys;
+"<code>v</code>", for a table with weak values;
+or "<code>kv</code>", for a table with both weak keys and values.
+
+
+<p>
+A table with weak keys and strong values
+is also called an <em>ephemeron table</em>.
+In an ephemeron table,
+a value is considered reachable only if its key is reachable.
+In particular,
+if the only reference to a key comes through its value,
+the pair is removed.
+
+
+<p>
+Any change in the weakness of a table may take effect only
+at the next collect cycle.
+In particular, if you change the weakness to a stronger mode,
+Lua may still collect some items from that table
+before the change takes effect.
+
+
+<p>
+Only objects that have an explicit construction
+are removed from weak tables.
+Values, such as numbers and light C&nbsp;functions,
+are not subject to garbage collection,
+and therefore are not removed from weak tables
+(unless their associated values are collected).
+Although strings are subject to garbage collection,
+they do not have an explicit construction and
+their equality is by value;
+they behave more like values than like objects.
+Therefore, they are not removed from weak tables.
+
+
+<p>
+Resurrected objects
+(that is, objects being finalized
+and objects accessible only through objects being finalized)
+have a special behavior in weak tables.
+They are removed from weak values before running their finalizers,
+but are removed from weak keys only in the next collection
+after running their finalizers, when such objects are actually freed.
+This behavior allows the finalizer to access properties
+associated with the object through weak tables.
+
+
+<p>
+If a weak table is among the resurrected objects in a collection cycle,
+it may not be properly cleared until the next cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.6 &ndash; <a name="2.6">Coroutines</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports coroutines,
+also called <em>collaborative multithreading</em>.
+A coroutine in Lua represents an independent thread of execution.
+Unlike threads in multithread systems, however,
+a coroutine only suspends its execution by explicitly calling
+a yield function.
+
+
+<p>
+You create a coroutine by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>.
+Its sole argument is a function
+that is the main function of the coroutine.
+The <code>create</code> function only creates a new coroutine and
+returns a handle to it (an object of type <em>thread</em>);
+it does not start the coroutine.
+
+
+<p>
+You execute a coroutine by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+When you first call <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+passing as its first argument
+a thread returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the coroutine starts its execution by
+calling its main function.
+Extra arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> are passed
+as arguments to that function.
+After the coroutine starts running,
+it runs until it terminates or <em>yields</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine can terminate its execution in two ways:
+normally, when its main function returns
+(explicitly or implicitly, after the last instruction);
+and abnormally, if there is an unprotected error.
+In case of normal termination,
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values returned by the coroutine main function.
+In case of errors, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>false</b>
+plus the error object.
+In this case, the coroutine does not unwind its stack,
+so that it is possible to inspect it after the error
+with the debug API.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine yields by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+When a coroutine yields,
+the corresponding <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns immediately,
+even if the yield happens inside nested function calls
+(that is, not in the main function,
+but in a function directly or indirectly called by the main function).
+In the case of a yield, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> also returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+The next time you resume the same coroutine,
+it continues its execution from the point where it yielded,
+with the call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a> returning any extra
+arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the <a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> function also creates a coroutine,
+but instead of returning the coroutine itself,
+it returns a function that, when called, resumes the coroutine.
+Any arguments passed to this function
+go as extra arguments to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> returns all the values returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+except the first one (the boolean error code).
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+the function created by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a>
+propagates any error to the caller.
+In this case,
+the function also closes the coroutine (see <a href="#pdf-coroutine.close"><code>coroutine.close</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+As an example of how coroutines work,
+consider the following code:
+
+<pre>
+     function foo (a)
+       print("foo", a)
+       return coroutine.yield(2*a)
+     end
+     
+     co = coroutine.create(function (a,b)
+           print("co-body", a, b)
+           local r = foo(a+1)
+           print("co-body", r)
+           local r, s = coroutine.yield(a+b, a-b)
+           print("co-body", r, s)
+           return b, "end"
+     end)
+     
+     print("main", coroutine.resume(co, 1, 10))
+     print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "r"))
+     print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))
+     print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))
+</pre><p>
+When you run it, it produces the following output:
+
+<pre>
+     co-body 1       10
+     foo     2
+     main    true    4
+     co-body r
+     main    true    11      -9
+     co-body x       y
+     main    true    10      end
+     main    false   cannot resume dead coroutine
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+You can also create and manipulate coroutines through the C API:
+see functions <a href="#lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a>, <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>,
+and <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>3 &ndash; <a name="3">The Language</a></h1>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This section describes the lexis, the syntax, and the semantics of Lua.
+In other words,
+this section describes
+which tokens are valid,
+how they can be combined,
+and what their combinations mean.
+
+
+<p>
+Language constructs will be explained using the usual extended BNF notation,
+in which
+{<em>a</em>}&nbsp;means&nbsp;0 or more <em>a</em>'s, and
+[<em>a</em>]&nbsp;means an optional <em>a</em>.
+Non-terminals are shown like non-terminal,
+keywords are shown like <b>kword</b>,
+and other terminal symbols are shown like &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo;.
+The complete syntax of Lua can be found in <a href="#9">&sect;9</a>
+at the end of this manual.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.1 &ndash; <a name="3.1">Lexical Conventions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a free-form language.
+It ignores spaces and comments between lexical elements (tokens),
+except as delimiters between two tokens.
+In source code,
+Lua recognizes as spaces the standard ASCII whitespace
+characters space, form feed, newline,
+carriage return, horizontal tab, and vertical tab.
+
+
+<p>
+<em>Names</em>
+(also called <em>identifiers</em>)
+in Lua can be any string of Latin letters,
+Arabic-Indic digits, and underscores,
+not beginning with a digit and
+not being a reserved word.
+Identifiers are used to name variables, table fields, and labels.
+
+
+<p>
+The following <em>keywords</em> are reserved
+and cannot be used as names:
+
+
+<pre>
+     and       break     do        else      elseif    end
+     false     for       function  goto      if        in
+     local     nil       not       or        repeat    return
+     then      true      until     while
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a case-sensitive language:
+<code>and</code> is a reserved word, but <code>And</code> and <code>AND</code>
+are two different, valid names.
+As a convention,
+programs should avoid creating
+names that start with an underscore followed by
+one or more uppercase letters (such as <a href="#pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The following strings denote other tokens:
+
+<pre>
+     +     -     *     /     %     ^     #
+     &amp;     ~     |     &lt;&lt;    &gt;&gt;    //
+     ==    ~=    &lt;=    &gt;=    &lt;     &gt;     =
+     (     )     {     }     [     ]     ::
+     ;     :     ,     .     ..    ...
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>short literal string</em>
+can be delimited by matching single or double quotes,
+and can contain the following C-like escape sequences:
+'<code>\a</code>' (bell),
+'<code>\b</code>' (backspace),
+'<code>\f</code>' (form feed),
+'<code>\n</code>' (newline),
+'<code>\r</code>' (carriage return),
+'<code>\t</code>' (horizontal tab),
+'<code>\v</code>' (vertical tab),
+'<code>\\</code>' (backslash),
+'<code>\"</code>' (quotation mark [double quote]),
+and '<code>\'</code>' (apostrophe [single quote]).
+A backslash followed by a line break
+results in a newline in the string.
+The escape sequence '<code>\z</code>' skips the following span
+of whitespace characters,
+including line breaks;
+it is particularly useful to break and indent a long literal string
+into multiple lines without adding the newlines and spaces
+into the string contents.
+A short literal string cannot contain unescaped line breaks
+nor escapes not forming a valid escape sequence.
+
+
+<p>
+We can specify any byte in a short literal string,
+including embedded zeros,
+by its numeric value.
+This can be done
+with the escape sequence <code>\x<em>XX</em></code>,
+where <em>XX</em> is a sequence of exactly two hexadecimal digits,
+or with the escape sequence <code>\<em>ddd</em></code>,
+where <em>ddd</em> is a sequence of up to three decimal digits.
+(Note that if a decimal escape sequence is to be followed by a digit,
+it must be expressed using exactly three digits.)
+
+
+<p>
+The UTF-8 encoding of a Unicode character
+can be inserted in a literal string with
+the escape sequence <code>\u{<em>XXX</em>}</code>
+(with mandatory enclosing braces),
+where <em>XXX</em> is a sequence of one or more hexadecimal digits
+representing the character code point.
+This code point can be any value less than <em>2<sup>31</sup></em>.
+(Lua uses the original UTF-8 specification here,
+which is not restricted to valid Unicode code points.)
+
+
+<p>
+Literal strings can also be defined using a long format
+enclosed by <em>long brackets</em>.
+We define an <em>opening long bracket of level <em>n</em></em> as an opening
+square bracket followed by <em>n</em> equal signs followed by another
+opening square bracket.
+So, an opening long bracket of level&nbsp;0 is written as <code>[[</code>, 
+an opening long bracket of level&nbsp;1 is written as <code>[=[</code>, 
+and so on.
+A <em>closing long bracket</em> is defined similarly;
+for instance,
+a closing long bracket of level&nbsp;4 is written as  <code>]====]</code>.
+A <em>long literal</em> starts with an opening long bracket of any level and
+ends at the first closing long bracket of the same level.
+It can contain any text except a closing bracket of the same level.
+Literals in this bracketed form can run for several lines,
+do not interpret any escape sequences,
+and ignore long brackets of any other level.
+Any kind of end-of-line sequence
+(carriage return, newline, carriage return followed by newline,
+or newline followed by carriage return)
+is converted to a simple newline.
+When the opening long bracket is immediately followed by a newline,
+the newline is not included in the string.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, in a system using ASCII
+(in which '<code>a</code>' is coded as&nbsp;97,
+newline is coded as&nbsp;10, and '<code>1</code>' is coded as&nbsp;49),
+the five literal strings below denote the same string:
+
+<pre>
+     a = 'alo\n123"'
+     a = "alo\n123\""
+     a = '\97lo\10\04923"'
+     a = [[alo
+     123"]]
+     a = [==[
+     alo
+     123"]==]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Any byte in a literal string not
+explicitly affected by the previous rules represents itself.
+However, Lua opens files for parsing in text mode,
+and the system's file functions may have problems with
+some control characters.
+So, it is safer to represent
+binary data as a quoted literal with
+explicit escape sequences for the non-text characters.
+
+
+<p>
+A <em>numeric constant</em> (or <em>numeral</em>)
+can be written with an optional fractional part
+and an optional decimal exponent,
+marked by a letter '<code>e</code>' or '<code>E</code>'.
+Lua also accepts hexadecimal constants,
+which start with <code>0x</code> or <code>0X</code>.
+Hexadecimal constants also accept an optional fractional part
+plus an optional binary exponent,
+marked by a letter '<code>p</code>' or '<code>P</code>' and written in decimal.
+(For instance, <code>0x1.fp10</code> denotes 1984,
+which is <em>0x1f / 16</em> multiplied by <em>2<sup>10</sup></em>.)
+
+
+<p>
+A numeric constant with a radix point or an exponent
+denotes a float;
+otherwise,
+if its value fits in an integer or it is a hexadecimal constant,
+it denotes an integer;
+otherwise (that is, a decimal integer numeral that overflows),
+it denotes a float.
+Hexadecimal numerals with neither a radix point nor an exponent
+always denote an integer value;
+if the value overflows, it <em>wraps around</em>
+to fit into a valid integer.
+
+
+<p>
+Examples of valid integer constants are
+
+<pre>
+     3   345   0xff   0xBEBADA
+</pre><p>
+Examples of valid float constants are
+
+<pre>
+     3.0     3.1416     314.16e-2     0.31416E1     34e1
+     0x0.1E  0xA23p-4   0X1.921FB54442D18P+1
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>comment</em> starts with a double hyphen (<code>--</code>)
+anywhere outside a string.
+If the text immediately after <code>--</code> is not an opening long bracket,
+the comment is a <em>short comment</em>,
+which runs until the end of the line.
+Otherwise, it is a <em>long comment</em>,
+which runs until the corresponding closing long bracket.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.2 &ndash; <a name="3.2">Variables</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Variables are places that store values.
+There are three kinds of variables in Lua:
+global variables, local variables, and table fields.
+
+
+<p>
+A single name can denote a global variable or a local variable
+(or a function's formal parameter,
+which is a particular kind of local variable):
+
+<pre>
+	var ::= Name
+</pre><p>
+Name denotes identifiers (see <a href="#3.1">&sect;3.1</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Any variable name is assumed to be global unless explicitly declared
+as a local (see <a href="#3.3.7">&sect;3.3.7</a>).
+Local variables are <em>lexically scoped</em>:
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope (see <a href="#3.5">&sect;3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Before the first assignment to a variable, its value is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Square brackets are used to index a table:
+
+<pre>
+	var ::= prefixexp &lsquo;<b>[</b>&rsquo; exp &lsquo;<b>]</b>&rsquo;
+</pre><p>
+The meaning of accesses to table fields can be changed via metatables
+(see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The syntax <code>var.Name</code> is just syntactic sugar for
+<code>var["Name"]</code>:
+
+<pre>
+	var ::= prefixexp &lsquo;<b>.</b>&rsquo; Name
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+An access to a global variable <code>x</code>
+is equivalent to <code>_ENV.x</code>.
+Due to the way that chunks are compiled,
+the variable <code>_ENV</code> itself is never global (see <a href="#2.2">&sect;2.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.3 &ndash; <a name="3.3">Statements</a></h2>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Lua supports an almost conventional set of statements,
+similar to those in other conventional languages.
+This set includes
+blocks, assignments, control structures, function calls,
+and variable declarations.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.1 &ndash; <a name="3.3.1">Blocks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A block is a list of statements,
+which are executed sequentially:
+
+<pre>
+	block ::= {stat}
+</pre><p>
+Lua has <em>empty statements</em>
+that allow you to separate statements with semicolons,
+start a block with a semicolon
+or write two semicolons in sequence:
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= &lsquo;<b>;</b>&rsquo;
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Both function calls and assignments
+can start with an open parenthesis.
+This possibility leads to an ambiguity in Lua's grammar.
+Consider the following fragment:
+
+<pre>
+     a = b + c
+     (print or io.write)('done')
+</pre><p>
+The grammar could see this fragment in two ways:
+
+<pre>
+     a = b + c(print or io.write)('done')
+     
+     a = b + c; (print or io.write)('done')
+</pre><p>
+The current parser always sees such constructions
+in the first way,
+interpreting the open parenthesis
+as the start of the arguments to a call.
+To avoid this ambiguity,
+it is a good practice to always precede with a semicolon
+statements that start with a parenthesis:
+
+<pre>
+     ;(print or io.write)('done')
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A block can be explicitly delimited to produce a single statement:
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Explicit blocks are useful
+to control the scope of variable declarations.
+Explicit blocks are also sometimes used to
+add a <b>return</b> statement in the middle
+of another block (see <a href="#3.3.4">&sect;3.3.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.2 &ndash; <a name="3.3.2">Chunks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The unit of compilation of Lua is called a <em>chunk</em>.
+Syntactically,
+a chunk is simply a block:
+
+<pre>
+	chunk ::= block
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Lua handles a chunk as the body of an anonymous function
+with a variable number of arguments
+(see <a href="#3.4.11">&sect;3.4.11</a>).
+As such, chunks can define local variables,
+receive arguments, and return values.
+Moreover, such anonymous function is compiled as in the
+scope of an external local variable called <code>_ENV</code> (see <a href="#2.2">&sect;2.2</a>).
+The resulting function always has <code>_ENV</code> as its only external variable,
+even if it does not use that variable.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk can be stored in a file or in a string inside the host program.
+To execute a chunk,
+Lua first <em>loads</em> it,
+precompiling the chunk's code into instructions for a virtual machine,
+and then Lua executes the compiled code
+with an interpreter for the virtual machine.
+
+
+<p>
+Chunks can also be precompiled into binary form;
+see the program <code>luac</code> and the function <a href="#pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump</code></a> for details.
+Programs in source and compiled forms are interchangeable;
+Lua automatically detects the file type and acts accordingly (see <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.3 &ndash; <a name="3.3.3">Assignment</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua allows multiple assignments.
+Therefore, the syntax for assignment
+defines a list of variables on the left side
+and a list of expressions on the right side.
+The elements in both lists are separated by commas:
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= varlist &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; explist
+	varlist ::= var {&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; var}
+	explist ::= exp {&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; exp}
+</pre><p>
+Expressions are discussed in <a href="#3.4">&sect;3.4</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Before the assignment,
+the list of values is <em>adjusted</em> to the length of
+the list of variables (see <a href="#3.4.12">&sect;3.4.12</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+If a variable is both assigned and read
+inside a multiple assignment,
+Lua ensures that all reads get the value of the variable
+before the assignment.
+Thus the code
+
+<pre>
+     i = 3
+     i, a[i] = i+1, 20
+</pre><p>
+sets <code>a[3]</code> to 20, without affecting <code>a[4]</code>
+because the <code>i</code> in <code>a[i]</code> is evaluated (to 3)
+before it is assigned&nbsp;4.
+Similarly, the line
+
+<pre>
+     x, y = y, x
+</pre><p>
+exchanges the values of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>,
+and
+
+<pre>
+     x, y, z = y, z, x
+</pre><p>
+cyclically permutes the values of <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that this guarantee covers only accesses
+syntactically inside the assignment statement.
+If a function or a metamethod called during the assignment
+changes the value of a variable,
+Lua gives no guarantees about the order of that access.
+
+
+<p>
+An assignment to a global name <code>x = val</code>
+is equivalent to the assignment
+<code>_ENV.x = val</code> (see <a href="#2.2">&sect;2.2</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The meaning of assignments to table fields and
+global variables (which are actually table fields, too)
+can be changed via metatables (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.4 &ndash; <a name="3.3.4">Control Structures</a></h3><p>
+The control structures
+<b>if</b>, <b>while</b>, and <b>repeat</b> have the usual meaning and
+familiar syntax:
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+	stat ::= <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp
+	stat ::= <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Lua also has a <b>for</b> statement, in two flavors (see <a href="#3.3.5">&sect;3.3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The condition expression of a
+control structure can return any value.
+Both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> test false.
+All values different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> test true.
+In particular, the number 0 and the empty string also test true.
+
+
+<p>
+In the <b>repeat</b>&ndash;<b>until</b> loop,
+the inner block does not end at the <b>until</b> keyword,
+but only after the condition.
+So, the condition can refer to local variables
+declared inside the loop block.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>goto</b> statement transfers the program control to a label.
+For syntactical reasons,
+labels in Lua are considered statements too:
+
+
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>goto</b> Name
+	stat ::= label
+	label ::= &lsquo;<b>::</b>&rsquo; Name &lsquo;<b>::</b>&rsquo;
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A label is visible in the entire block where it is defined,
+except inside nested functions.
+A goto may jump to any visible label as long as it does not
+enter into the scope of a local variable.
+A label should not be declared
+where a label with the same name is visible,
+even if this other label has been declared in an enclosing block.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>break</b> statement terminates the execution of a
+<b>while</b>, <b>repeat</b>, or <b>for</b> loop,
+skipping to the next statement after the loop:
+
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>break</b>
+</pre><p>
+A <b>break</b> ends the innermost enclosing loop.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> statement is used to return values
+from a function or a chunk
+(which is handled as an anonymous function).
+
+Functions can return more than one value,
+so the syntax for the <b>return</b> statement is
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] [&lsquo;<b>;</b>&rsquo;]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> statement can only be written
+as the last statement of a block.
+If it is necessary to <b>return</b> in the middle of a block,
+then an explicit inner block can be used,
+as in the idiom <code>do return end</code>,
+because now <b>return</b> is the last statement in its (inner) block.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.5 &ndash; <a name="3.3.5">For Statement</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+
+The <b>for</b> statement has two forms:
+one numerical and one generic.
+
+
+
+<h4>The numerical <b>for</b> loop</h4>
+
+<p>
+The numerical <b>for</b> loop repeats a block of code while a
+control variable goes through an arithmetic progression.
+It has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>for</b> Name &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; exp &lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; exp [&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+The given identifier (Name) defines the control variable,
+which is a new variable local to the loop body (<em>block</em>).
+
+
+<p>
+The loop starts by evaluating once the three control expressions.
+Their values are called respectively
+the <em>initial value</em>, the <em>limit</em>, and the <em>step</em>.
+If the step is absent, it defaults to&nbsp;1.
+
+
+<p>
+If both the initial value and the step are integers,
+the loop is done with integers;
+note that the limit may not be an integer.
+Otherwise, the three values are converted to
+floats and the loop is done with floats.
+Beware of floating-point accuracy in this case.
+
+
+<p>
+After that initialization,
+the loop body is repeated with the value of the control variable
+going through an arithmetic progression,
+starting at the initial value,
+with a common difference given by the step.
+A negative step makes a decreasing sequence;
+a step equal to zero raises an error.
+The loop continues while the value is less than
+or equal to the limit
+(greater than or equal to for a negative step).
+If the initial value is already greater than the limit
+(or less than, if the step is negative),
+the body is not executed.
+
+
+<p>
+For integer loops,
+the control variable never wraps around;
+instead, the loop ends in case of an overflow.
+
+
+<p>
+You should not change the value of the control variable
+during the loop.
+If you need its value after the loop,
+assign it to another variable before exiting the loop.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>The generic <b>for</b> loop</h4>
+
+<p>
+The generic <b>for</b> statement works over functions,
+called <em>iterators</em>.
+On each iteration, the iterator function is called to produce a new value,
+stopping when this new value is <b>nil</b>.
+The generic <b>for</b> loop has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+	namelist ::= Name {&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; Name}
+</pre><p>
+A <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+     for <em>var_1</em>, &middot;&middot;&middot;, <em>var_n</em> in <em>explist</em> do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+works as follows.
+
+
+<p>
+The names <em>var_i</em> declare loop variables local to the loop body.
+The first of these variables is the <em>control variable</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+The loop starts by evaluating <em>explist</em>
+to produce four values:
+an <em>iterator function</em>,
+a <em>state</em>,
+an initial value for the control variable,
+and a <em>closing value</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+Then, at each iteration,
+Lua calls the iterator function with two arguments:
+the state and the control variable.
+The results from this call are then assigned to the loop variables,
+following the rules of multiple assignments (see <a href="#3.3.3">&sect;3.3.3</a>).
+If the control variable becomes <b>nil</b>,
+the loop terminates.
+Otherwise, the body is executed and the loop goes
+to the next iteration.
+
+
+<p>
+The closing value behaves like a
+to-be-closed variable (see <a href="#3.3.8">&sect;3.3.8</a>),
+which can be used to release resources when the loop ends.
+Otherwise, it does not interfere with the loop.
+
+
+<p>
+You should not change the value of the control variable
+during the loop.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.6 &ndash; <a name="3.3.6">Function Calls as Statements</a></h3><p>
+To allow possible side-effects,
+function calls can be executed as statements:
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= functioncall
+</pre><p>
+In this case, all returned values are thrown away.
+Function calls are explained in <a href="#3.4.10">&sect;3.4.10</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.7 &ndash; <a name="3.3.7">Local Declarations</a></h3><p>
+Local variables can be declared anywhere inside a block.
+The declaration can include an initialization:
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>local</b> attnamelist [&lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; explist]
+	attnamelist ::=  Name attrib {&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; Name attrib}
+</pre><p>
+If present, an initial assignment has the same semantics
+of a multiple assignment (see <a href="#3.3.3">&sect;3.3.3</a>).
+Otherwise, all variables are initialized with <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Each variable name may be postfixed by an attribute
+(a name between angle brackets):
+
+<pre>
+	attrib ::= [&lsquo;<b>&lt;</b>&rsquo; Name &lsquo;<b>&gt;</b>&rsquo;]
+</pre><p>
+There are two possible attributes:
+<code>const</code>, which declares a constant variable,
+that is, a variable that cannot be assigned to
+after its initialization;
+and <code>close</code>, which declares a to-be-closed variable (see <a href="#3.3.8">&sect;3.3.8</a>).
+A list of variables can contain at most one to-be-closed variable.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk is also a block (see <a href="#3.3.2">&sect;3.3.2</a>),
+and so local variables can be declared in a chunk outside any explicit block.
+
+
+<p>
+The visibility rules for local variables are explained in <a href="#3.5">&sect;3.5</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.8 &ndash; <a name="3.3.8">To-be-closed Variables</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A to-be-closed variable behaves like a constant local variable,
+except that its value is <em>closed</em> whenever the variable
+goes out of scope, including normal block termination,
+exiting its block by <b>break</b>/<b>goto</b>/<b>return</b>,
+or exiting by an error.
+
+
+<p>
+Here, to <em>close</em> a value means
+to call its <code>__close</code> metamethod.
+When calling the metamethod,
+the value itself is passed as the first argument
+and the error object that caused the exit (if any)
+is passed as a second argument;
+if there was no error, the second argument is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+The value assigned to a to-be-closed variable
+must have a <code>__close</code> metamethod
+or be a false value.
+(<b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> are ignored as to-be-closed values.)
+
+
+<p>
+If several to-be-closed variables go out of scope at the same event,
+they are closed in the reverse order that they were declared.
+
+
+<p>
+If there is any error while running a closing method,
+that error is handled like an error in the regular code
+where the variable was defined.
+After an error,
+the other pending closing methods will still be called.
+
+
+<p>
+If a coroutine yields and is never resumed again,
+some variables may never go out of scope,
+and therefore they will never be closed.
+(These variables are the ones created inside the coroutine
+and in scope at the point where the coroutine yielded.)
+Similarly, if a coroutine ends with an error,
+it does not unwind its stack,
+so it does not close any variable.
+In both cases,
+you can either use finalizers
+or call <a href="#pdf-coroutine.close"><code>coroutine.close</code></a> to close the variables.
+However, if the coroutine was created
+through <a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a>,
+then its corresponding function will close the coroutine
+in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.4 &ndash; <a name="3.4">Expressions</a></h2>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The basic expressions in Lua are the following:
+
+<pre>
+	exp ::= prefixexp
+	exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b>
+	exp ::= Numeral
+	exp ::= LiteralString
+	exp ::= functiondef
+	exp ::= tableconstructor
+	exp ::= &lsquo;<b>...</b>&rsquo;
+	exp ::= exp binop exp
+	exp ::= unop exp
+	prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | &lsquo;<b>(</b>&rsquo; exp &lsquo;<b>)</b>&rsquo;
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Numerals and literal strings are explained in <a href="#3.1">&sect;3.1</a>;
+variables are explained in <a href="#3.2">&sect;3.2</a>;
+function definitions are explained in <a href="#3.4.11">&sect;3.4.11</a>;
+function calls are explained in <a href="#3.4.10">&sect;3.4.10</a>;
+table constructors are explained in <a href="#3.4.9">&sect;3.4.9</a>.
+Vararg expressions,
+denoted by three dots ('<code>...</code>'), can only be used when
+directly inside a variadic function;
+they are explained in <a href="#3.4.11">&sect;3.4.11</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Binary operators comprise arithmetic operators (see <a href="#3.4.1">&sect;3.4.1</a>),
+bitwise operators (see <a href="#3.4.2">&sect;3.4.2</a>),
+relational operators (see <a href="#3.4.4">&sect;3.4.4</a>), logical operators (see <a href="#3.4.5">&sect;3.4.5</a>),
+and the concatenation operator (see <a href="#3.4.6">&sect;3.4.6</a>).
+Unary operators comprise the unary minus (see <a href="#3.4.1">&sect;3.4.1</a>),
+the unary bitwise NOT (see <a href="#3.4.2">&sect;3.4.2</a>),
+the unary logical <b>not</b> (see <a href="#3.4.5">&sect;3.4.5</a>),
+and the unary <em>length operator</em> (see <a href="#3.4.7">&sect;3.4.7</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.1 &ndash; <a name="3.4.1">Arithmetic Operators</a></h3><p>
+Lua supports the following arithmetic operators:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>+</code>: </b>addition</li>
+<li><b><code>-</code>: </b>subtraction</li>
+<li><b><code>*</code>: </b>multiplication</li>
+<li><b><code>/</code>: </b>float division</li>
+<li><b><code>//</code>: </b>floor division</li>
+<li><b><code>%</code>: </b>modulo</li>
+<li><b><code>^</code>: </b>exponentiation</li>
+<li><b><code>-</code>: </b>unary minus</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+With the exception of exponentiation and float division,
+the arithmetic operators work as follows:
+If both operands are integers,
+the operation is performed over integers and the result is an integer.
+Otherwise, if both operands are numbers,
+then they are converted to floats,
+the operation is performed following the machine's rules
+for floating-point arithmetic
+(usually the IEEE 754 standard),
+and the result is a float.
+(The string library coerces strings to numbers in
+arithmetic operations; see <a href="#3.4.3">&sect;3.4.3</a> for details.)
+
+
+<p>
+Exponentiation and float division (<code>/</code>)
+always convert their operands to floats
+and the result is always a float.
+Exponentiation uses the ISO&nbsp;C function <code>pow</code>,
+so that it works for non-integer exponents too.
+
+
+<p>
+Floor division (<code>//</code>) is a division
+that rounds the quotient towards minus infinity,
+resulting in the floor of the division of its operands.
+
+
+<p>
+Modulo is defined as the remainder of a division
+that rounds the quotient towards minus infinity (floor division).
+
+
+<p>
+In case of overflows in integer arithmetic,
+all operations <em>wrap around</em>.
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.2 &ndash; <a name="3.4.2">Bitwise Operators</a></h3><p>
+Lua supports the following bitwise operators:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>&amp;</code>: </b>bitwise AND</li>
+<li><b><code>&#124;</code>: </b>bitwise OR</li>
+<li><b><code>~</code>: </b>bitwise exclusive OR</li>
+<li><b><code>&gt;&gt;</code>: </b>right shift</li>
+<li><b><code>&lt;&lt;</code>: </b>left shift</li>
+<li><b><code>~</code>: </b>unary bitwise NOT</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+All bitwise operations convert its operands to integers
+(see <a href="#3.4.3">&sect;3.4.3</a>),
+operate on all bits of those integers,
+and result in an integer.
+
+
+<p>
+Both right and left shifts fill the vacant bits with zeros.
+Negative displacements shift to the other direction;
+displacements with absolute values equal to or higher than
+the number of bits in an integer
+result in zero (as all bits are shifted out).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.3 &ndash; <a name="3.4.3">Coercions and Conversions</a></h3><p>
+Lua provides some automatic conversions between some
+types and representations at run time.
+Bitwise operators always convert float operands to integers.
+Exponentiation and float division
+always convert integer operands to floats.
+All other arithmetic operations applied to mixed numbers
+(integers and floats) convert the integer operand to a float.
+The C API also converts both integers to floats and
+floats to integers, as needed.
+Moreover, string concatenation accepts numbers as arguments,
+besides strings.
+
+
+<p>
+In a conversion from integer to float,
+if the integer value has an exact representation as a float,
+that is the result.
+Otherwise,
+the conversion gets the nearest higher or
+the nearest lower representable value.
+This kind of conversion never fails.
+
+
+<p>
+The conversion from float to integer
+checks whether the float has an exact representation as an integer
+(that is, the float has an integral value and
+it is in the range of integer representation).
+If it does, that representation is the result.
+Otherwise, the conversion fails.
+
+
+<p>
+Several places in Lua coerce strings to numbers when necessary.
+In particular,
+the string library sets metamethods that try to coerce
+strings to numbers in all arithmetic operations.
+If the conversion fails,
+the library calls the metamethod of the other operand
+(if present) or it raises an error.
+Note that bitwise operators do not do this coercion.
+
+
+<p>
+It is always a good practice not to rely on the
+implicit coercions from strings to numbers,
+as they are not always applied;
+in particular, <code>"1"==1</code> is false and <code>"1"&lt;1</code> raises an error
+(see <a href="#3.4.4">&sect;3.4.4</a>).
+These coercions exist mainly for compatibility and may be removed
+in future versions of the language.
+
+
+<p>
+A string is converted to an integer or a float
+following its syntax and the rules of the Lua lexer.
+The string may have also leading and trailing whitespaces and a sign.
+All conversions from strings to numbers
+accept both a dot and the current locale mark
+as the radix character.
+(The Lua lexer, however, accepts only a dot.)
+If the string is not a valid numeral,
+the conversion fails.
+If necessary, the result of this first step is then converted
+to a specific number subtype following the previous rules
+for conversions between floats and integers.
+
+
+<p>
+The conversion from numbers to strings uses a
+non-specified human-readable format.
+To convert numbers to strings in any specific way,
+use the function <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.4 &ndash; <a name="3.4.4">Relational Operators</a></h3><p>
+Lua supports the following relational operators:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>==</code>: </b>equality</li>
+<li><b><code>~=</code>: </b>inequality</li>
+<li><b><code>&lt;</code>: </b>less than</li>
+<li><b><code>&gt;</code>: </b>greater than</li>
+<li><b><code>&lt;=</code>: </b>less or equal</li>
+<li><b><code>&gt;=</code>: </b>greater or equal</li>
+</ul><p>
+These operators always result in <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Equality (<code>==</code>) first compares the type of its operands.
+If the types are different, then the result is <b>false</b>.
+Otherwise, the values of the operands are compared.
+Strings are equal if they have the same byte content.
+Numbers are equal if they denote the same mathematical value.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables, userdata, and threads
+are compared by reference:
+two objects are considered equal only if they are the same object.
+Every time you create a new object
+(a table, a userdata, or a thread),
+this new object is different from any previously existing object.
+A function is always equal to itself.
+Functions with any detectable difference
+(different behavior, different definition) are always different.
+Functions created at different times but with no detectable differences
+may be classified as equal or not
+(depending on internal caching details).
+
+
+<p>
+You can change the way that Lua compares tables and userdata
+by using the <code>__eq</code> metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Equality comparisons do not convert strings to numbers
+or vice versa.
+Thus, <code>"0"==0</code> evaluates to <b>false</b>,
+and <code>t[0]</code> and <code>t["0"]</code> denote different
+entries in a table.
+
+
+<p>
+The operator <code>~=</code> is exactly the negation of equality (<code>==</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The order operators work as follows.
+If both arguments are numbers,
+then they are compared according to their mathematical values,
+regardless of their subtypes.
+Otherwise, if both arguments are strings,
+then their values are compared according to the current locale.
+Otherwise, Lua tries to call the <code>__lt</code> or the <code>__le</code>
+metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+A comparison <code>a &gt; b</code> is translated to <code>b &lt; a</code>
+and <code>a &gt;= b</code> is translated to <code>b &lt;= a</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Following the IEEE 754 standard,
+the special value NaN is considered neither less than,
+nor equal to, nor greater than any value, including itself.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.5 &ndash; <a name="3.4.5">Logical Operators</a></h3><p>
+The logical operators in Lua are
+<b>and</b>, <b>or</b>, and <b>not</b>.
+Like the control structures (see <a href="#3.3.4">&sect;3.3.4</a>),
+all logical operators consider both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> as false
+and anything else as true.
+
+
+<p>
+The negation operator <b>not</b> always returns <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+The conjunction operator <b>and</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise, <b>and</b> returns its second argument.
+The disjunction operator <b>or</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b>;
+otherwise, <b>or</b> returns its second argument.
+Both <b>and</b> and <b>or</b> use short-circuit evaluation;
+that is,
+the second operand is evaluated only if necessary.
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+     10 or 20            --&gt; 10
+     10 or error()       --&gt; 10
+     nil or "a"          --&gt; "a"
+     nil and 10          --&gt; nil
+     false and error()   --&gt; false
+     false and nil       --&gt; false
+     false or nil        --&gt; nil
+     10 and 20           --&gt; 20
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.6 &ndash; <a name="3.4.6">Concatenation</a></h3><p>
+The string concatenation operator in Lua is
+denoted by two dots ('<code>..</code>').
+If both operands are strings or numbers,
+then the numbers are converted to strings
+in a non-specified format (see <a href="#3.4.3">&sect;3.4.3</a>).
+Otherwise, the <code>__concat</code> metamethod is called (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.7 &ndash; <a name="3.4.7">The Length Operator</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The length operator is denoted by the unary prefix operator <code>#</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The length of a string is its number of bytes.
+(That is the usual meaning of string length when each
+character is one byte.)
+
+
+<p>
+The length operator applied on a table
+returns a border in that table.
+A <em>border</em> in a table <code>t</code> is any non-negative integer
+that satisfies the following condition:
+
+<pre>
+     (border == 0 or t[border] ~= nil) and
+     (t[border + 1] == nil or border == math.maxinteger)
+</pre><p>
+In words,
+a border is any positive integer index present in the table
+that is followed by an absent index,
+plus two limit cases:
+zero, when index 1 is absent;
+and the maximum value for an integer, when that index is present.
+Note that keys that are not positive integers
+do not interfere with borders.
+
+
+<p>
+A table with exactly one border is called a <em>sequence</em>.
+For instance, the table <code>{10, 20, 30, 40, 50}</code> is a sequence,
+as it has only one border (5).
+The table <code>{10, 20, 30, nil, 50}</code> has two borders (3 and 5),
+and therefore it is not a sequence.
+(The <b>nil</b> at index 4 is called a <em>hole</em>.)
+The table <code>{nil, 20, 30, nil, nil, 60, nil}</code>
+has three borders (0, 3, and 6),
+so it is not a sequence, too.
+The table <code>{}</code> is a sequence with border 0.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>t</code> is a sequence,
+<code>#t</code> returns its only border,
+which corresponds to the intuitive notion of the length of the sequence.
+When <code>t</code> is not a sequence,
+<code>#t</code> can return any of its borders.
+(The exact one depends on details of
+the internal representation of the table,
+which in turn can depend on how the table was populated and
+the memory addresses of its non-numeric keys.)
+
+
+<p>
+The computation of the length of a table
+has a guaranteed worst time of <em>O(log n)</em>,
+where <em>n</em> is the largest integer key in the table.
+
+
+<p>
+A program can modify the behavior of the length operator for
+any value but strings through the <code>__len</code> metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.8 &ndash; <a name="3.4.8">Precedence</a></h3><p>
+Operator precedence in Lua follows the table below,
+from lower to higher priority:
+
+<pre>
+     or
+     and
+     &lt;     &gt;     &lt;=    &gt;=    ~=    ==
+     |
+     ~
+     &amp;
+     &lt;&lt;    &gt;&gt;
+     ..
+     +     -
+     *     /     //    %
+     unary operators (not   #     -     ~)
+     ^
+</pre><p>
+As usual,
+you can use parentheses to change the precedences of an expression.
+The concatenation ('<code>..</code>') and exponentiation ('<code>^</code>')
+operators are right associative.
+All other binary operators are left associative.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.9 &ndash; <a name="3.4.9">Table Constructors</a></h3><p>
+Table constructors are expressions that create tables.
+Every time a constructor is evaluated, a new table is created.
+A constructor can be used to create an empty table
+or to create a table and initialize some of its fields.
+The general syntax for constructors is
+
+<pre>
+	tableconstructor ::= &lsquo;<b>{</b>&rsquo; [fieldlist] &lsquo;<b>}</b>&rsquo;
+	fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
+	field ::= &lsquo;<b>[</b>&rsquo; exp &lsquo;<b>]</b>&rsquo; &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; exp | Name &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; exp | exp
+	fieldsep ::= &lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>;</b>&rsquo;
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each field of the form <code>[exp1] = exp2</code> adds to the new table an entry
+with key <code>exp1</code> and value <code>exp2</code>.
+A field of the form <code>name = exp</code> is equivalent to
+<code>["name"] = exp</code>.
+Fields of the form <code>exp</code> are equivalent to
+<code>[i] = exp</code>, where <code>i</code> are consecutive integers
+starting with 1;
+fields in the other formats do not affect this counting.
+For example,
+
+<pre>
+     a = { [f(1)] = g; "x", "y"; x = 1, f(x), [30] = 23; 45 }
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+     do
+       local t = {}
+       t[f(1)] = g
+       t[1] = "x"         -- 1st exp
+       t[2] = "y"         -- 2nd exp
+       t.x = 1            -- t["x"] = 1
+       t[3] = f(x)        -- 3rd exp
+       t[30] = 23
+       t[4] = 45          -- 4th exp
+       a = t
+     end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The order of the assignments in a constructor is undefined.
+(This order would be relevant only when there are repeated keys.)
+
+
+<p>
+If the last field in the list has the form <code>exp</code>
+and the expression is a multires expression,
+then all values returned by this expression enter the list consecutively
+(see <a href="#3.4.12">&sect;3.4.12</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The field list can have an optional trailing separator,
+as a convenience for machine-generated code.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.10 &ndash; <a name="3.4.10">Function Calls</a></h3><p>
+A function call in Lua has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+	functioncall ::= prefixexp args
+</pre><p>
+In a function call,
+first prefixexp and args are evaluated.
+If the value of prefixexp has type <em>function</em>,
+then this function is called
+with the given arguments.
+Otherwise, if present,
+the prefixexp <code>__call</code> metamethod is called:
+its first argument is the value of prefixexp,
+followed by the original call arguments
+(see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The form
+
+<pre>
+	functioncall ::= prefixexp &lsquo;<b>:</b>&rsquo; Name args
+</pre><p>
+can be used to emulate methods.
+A call <code>v:name(<em>args</em>)</code>
+is syntactic sugar for <code>v.name(v,<em>args</em>)</code>,
+except that <code>v</code> is evaluated only once.
+
+
+<p>
+Arguments have the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+	args ::= &lsquo;<b>(</b>&rsquo; [explist] &lsquo;<b>)</b>&rsquo;
+	args ::= tableconstructor
+	args ::= LiteralString
+</pre><p>
+All argument expressions are evaluated before the call.
+A call of the form <code>f{<em>fields</em>}</code> is
+syntactic sugar for <code>f({<em>fields</em>})</code>;
+that is, the argument list is a single new table.
+A call of the form <code>f'<em>string</em>'</code>
+(or <code>f"<em>string</em>"</code> or <code>f[[<em>string</em>]]</code>)
+is syntactic sugar for <code>f('<em>string</em>')</code>;
+that is, the argument list is a single literal string.
+
+
+<p>
+A call of the form <code>return <em>functioncall</em></code> not in the
+scope of a to-be-closed variable is called a <em>tail call</em>.
+Lua implements <em>proper tail calls</em>
+(or <em>proper tail recursion</em>):
+In a tail call,
+the called function reuses the stack entry of the calling function.
+Therefore, there is no limit on the number of nested tail calls that
+a program can execute.
+However, a tail call erases any debug information about the
+calling function.
+Note that a tail call only happens with a particular syntax,
+where the <b>return</b> has one single function call as argument,
+and it is outside the scope of any to-be-closed variable.
+This syntax makes the calling function return exactly
+the returns of the called function,
+without any intervening action.
+So, none of the following examples are tail calls:
+
+<pre>
+     return (f(x))        -- results adjusted to 1
+     return 2 * f(x)      -- result multiplied by 2
+     return x, f(x)       -- additional results
+     f(x); return         -- results discarded
+     return x or f(x)     -- results adjusted to 1
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.11 &ndash; <a name="3.4.11">Function Definitions</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The syntax for function definition is
+
+<pre>
+	functiondef ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+	funcbody ::= &lsquo;<b>(</b>&rsquo; [parlist] &lsquo;<b>)</b>&rsquo; block <b>end</b>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The following syntactic sugar simplifies function definitions:
+
+<pre>
+	stat ::= <b>function</b> funcname funcbody
+	stat ::= <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody
+	funcname ::= Name {&lsquo;<b>.</b>&rsquo; Name} [&lsquo;<b>:</b>&rsquo; Name]
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+     function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+     f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+     function t.a.b.c.f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+     t.a.b.c.f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+     local function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+     local f; f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+not to
+
+<pre>
+     local f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+(This only makes a difference when the body of the function
+contains references to <code>f</code>.)
+
+
+<p>
+A function definition is an executable expression,
+whose value has type <em>function</em>.
+When Lua precompiles a chunk,
+all its function bodies are precompiled too,
+but they are not created yet.
+Then, whenever Lua executes the function definition,
+the function is <em>instantiated</em> (or <em>closed</em>).
+This function instance, or <em>closure</em>,
+is the final value of the expression.
+
+
+<p>
+Parameters act as local variables that are
+initialized with the argument values:
+
+<pre>
+	parlist ::= namelist [&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; &lsquo;<b>...</b>&rsquo;] | &lsquo;<b>...</b>&rsquo;
+</pre><p>
+When a Lua function is called,
+it adjusts its list of arguments to
+the length of its list of parameters (see <a href="#3.4.12">&sect;3.4.12</a>),
+unless the function is a <em>variadic function</em>,
+which is indicated by three dots ('<code>...</code>')
+at the end of its parameter list.
+A variadic function does not adjust its argument list;
+instead, it collects all extra arguments and supplies them
+to the function through a <em>vararg expression</em>,
+which is also written as three dots.
+The value of this expression is a list of all actual extra arguments,
+similar to a function with multiple results (see <a href="#3.4.12">&sect;3.4.12</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, consider the following definitions:
+
+<pre>
+     function f(a, b) end
+     function g(a, b, ...) end
+     function r() return 1,2,3 end
+</pre><p>
+Then, we have the following mapping from arguments to parameters and
+to the vararg expression:
+
+<pre>
+     CALL             PARAMETERS
+     
+     f(3)             a=3, b=nil
+     f(3, 4)          a=3, b=4
+     f(3, 4, 5)       a=3, b=4
+     f(r(), 10)       a=1, b=10
+     f(r())           a=1, b=2
+     
+     g(3)             a=3, b=nil, ... --&gt;  (nothing)
+     g(3, 4)          a=3, b=4,   ... --&gt;  (nothing)
+     g(3, 4, 5, 8)    a=3, b=4,   ... --&gt;  5  8
+     g(5, r())        a=5, b=1,   ... --&gt;  2  3
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Results are returned using the <b>return</b> statement (see <a href="#3.3.4">&sect;3.3.4</a>).
+If control reaches the end of a function
+without encountering a <b>return</b> statement,
+then the function returns with no results.
+
+
+<p>
+
+There is a system-dependent limit on the number of values
+that a function may return.
+This limit is guaranteed to be greater than 1000.
+
+
+<p>
+The <em>colon</em> syntax
+is used to emulate <em>methods</em>,
+adding an implicit extra parameter <code>self</code> to the function.
+Thus, the statement
+
+<pre>
+     function t.a.b.c:f (<em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is syntactic sugar for
+
+<pre>
+     t.a.b.c.f = function (self, <em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.12 &ndash; <a name="3.4.12">Lists of expressions, multiple results,
+and adjustment</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Both function calls and vararg expressions can result in multiple values.
+These expressions are called <em>multires expressions</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+When a multires expression is used as the last element
+of a list of expressions,
+all results from the expression are added to the
+list of values produced by the list of expressions.
+Note that a single expression
+in a place that expects a list of expressions
+is the last expression in that (singleton) list.
+
+
+<p>
+These are the places where Lua expects a list of expressions:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>A <b>return</b> statement,
+for instance <code>return e1, e2, e3</code> (see <a href="#3.3.4">&sect;3.3.4</a>).</li>
+
+<li>A table constructor,
+for instance <code>{e1, e2, e3}</code> (see <a href="#3.4.9">&sect;3.4.9</a>).</li>
+
+<li>The arguments of a function call,
+for instance <code>foo(e1, e2, e3)</code> (see <a href="#3.4.10">&sect;3.4.10</a>).</li>
+
+<li>A multiple assignment,
+for instance <code>a , b, c = e1, e2, e3</code> (see <a href="#3.3.3">&sect;3.3.3</a>).</li>
+
+<li>A local declaration,
+for instance <code>local a , b, c = e1, e2, e3</code> (see <a href="#3.3.7">&sect;3.3.7</a>).</li>
+
+<li>The initial values in a generic <b>for</b> loop,
+for instance <code>for k in e1, e2, e3 do ... end</code> (see <a href="#3.3.5">&sect;3.3.5</a>).</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+In the last four cases,
+the list of values from the list of expressions
+must be <em>adjusted</em> to a specific length:
+the number of parameters in a call to a non-variadic function
+(see <a href="#3.4.11">&sect;3.4.11</a>),
+the number of variables in a multiple assignment or
+a local declaration,
+and exactly four values for a generic <b>for</b> loop.
+The <em>adjustment</em> follows these rules:
+If there are more values than needed,
+the extra values are thrown away;
+if there are fewer values than needed,
+the list is extended with <b>nil</b>'s.
+When the list of expressions ends with a multires expression,
+all results from that expression enter the list of values
+before the adjustment.
+
+
+<p>
+When a multires expression is used
+in a list of expressions without being the last element,
+or in a place where the syntax expects a single expression,
+Lua adjusts the result list of that expression to one element.
+As a particular case,
+the syntax expects a single expression inside a parenthesized expression;
+therefore, adding parentheses around a multires expression
+forces it to produce exactly one result.
+
+
+<p>
+We seldom need to use a vararg expression in a place
+where the syntax expects a single expression.
+(Usually it is simpler to add a regular parameter before
+the variadic part and use that parameter.)
+When there is such a need,
+we recommend assigning the vararg expression
+to a single variable and using that variable
+in its place.
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples of uses of mutlres expressions.
+In all cases, when the construction needs
+"the n-th result" and there is no such result,
+it uses a <b>nil</b>.
+
+<pre>
+     print(x, f())      -- prints x and all results from f().
+     print(x, (f()))    -- prints x and the first result from f().
+     print(f(), x)      -- prints the first result from f() and x.
+     print(1 + f())     -- prints 1 added to the first result from f().
+     local x = ...      -- x gets the first vararg argument.
+     x,y = ...          -- x gets the first vararg argument,
+                        -- y gets the second vararg argument.
+     x,y,z = w, f()     -- x gets w, y gets the first result from f(),
+                        -- z gets the second result from f().
+     x,y,z = f()        -- x gets the first result from f(),
+                        -- y gets the second result from f(),
+                        -- z gets the third result from f().
+     x,y,z = f(), g()   -- x gets the first result from f(),
+                        -- y gets the first result from g(),
+                        -- z gets the second result from g().
+     x,y,z = (f())      -- x gets the first result from f(), y and z get nil.
+     return f()         -- returns all results from f().
+     return x, ...      -- returns x and all received vararg arguments.
+     return x,y,f()     -- returns x, y, and all results from f().
+     {f()}              -- creates a list with all results from f().
+     {...}              -- creates a list with all vararg arguments.
+     {f(), 5}           -- creates a list with the first result from f() and 5.
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.5 &ndash; <a name="3.5">Visibility Rules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+
+Lua is a lexically scoped language.
+The scope of a local variable begins at the first statement after
+its declaration and lasts until the last non-void statement
+of the innermost block that includes the declaration.
+(<em>Void statements</em> are labels and empty statements.)
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+     x = 10                -- global variable
+     do                    -- new block
+       local x = x         -- new 'x', with value 10
+       print(x)            --&gt; 10
+       x = x+1
+       do                  -- another block
+         local x = x+1     -- another 'x'
+         print(x)          --&gt; 12
+       end
+       print(x)            --&gt; 11
+     end
+     print(x)              --&gt; 10  (the global one)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Notice that, in a declaration like <code>local x = x</code>,
+the new <code>x</code> being declared is not in scope yet,
+and so the second <code>x</code> refers to the outside variable.
+
+
+<p>
+Because of the lexical scoping rules,
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope.
+A local variable used by an inner function is called an <em>upvalue</em>
+(or <em>external local variable</em>, or simply <em>external variable</em>)
+inside the inner function.
+
+
+<p>
+Notice that each execution of a <b>local</b> statement
+defines new local variables.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+     a = {}
+     local x = 20
+     for i = 1, 10 do
+       local y = 0
+       a[i] = function () y = y + 1; return x + y end
+     end
+</pre><p>
+The loop creates ten closures
+(that is, ten instances of the anonymous function).
+Each of these closures uses a different <code>y</code> variable,
+while all of them share the same <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>4 &ndash; <a name="4">The Application Program Interface</a></h1>
+
+
+
+<p>
+
+This section describes the C&nbsp;API for Lua, that is,
+the set of C&nbsp;functions available to the host program to communicate
+with Lua.
+All API functions and related types and constants
+are declared in the header file <a name="pdf-lua.h"><code>lua.h</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Even when we use the term "function",
+any facility in the API may be provided as a macro instead.
+Except where stated otherwise,
+all such macros use each of their arguments exactly once
+(except for the first argument, which is always a Lua state),
+and so do not generate any hidden side-effects.
+
+
+<p>
+As in most C&nbsp;libraries,
+the Lua API functions do not check their arguments
+for validity or consistency.
+However, you can change this behavior by compiling Lua
+with the macro <a name="pdf-LUA_USE_APICHECK"><code>LUA_USE_APICHECK</code></a> defined.
+
+
+<p>
+The Lua library is fully reentrant:
+it has no global variables.
+It keeps all information it needs in a dynamic structure,
+called the <em>Lua state</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+Each Lua state has one or more threads,
+which correspond to independent, cooperative lines of execution.
+The type <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a> (despite its name) refers to a thread.
+(Indirectly, through the thread, it also refers to the
+Lua state associated to the thread.)
+
+
+<p>
+A pointer to a thread must be passed as the first argument to
+every function in the library, except to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>,
+which creates a Lua state from scratch and returns a pointer
+to the <em>main thread</em> in the new state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.1 &ndash; <a name="4.1">The Stack</a></h2>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Lua uses a <em>virtual stack</em> to pass values to and from C.
+Each element in this stack represents a Lua value
+(<b>nil</b>, number, string, etc.).
+Functions in the API can access this stack through the
+Lua state parameter that they receive.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C, the called function gets a new stack,
+which is independent of previous stacks and of stacks of
+C&nbsp;functions that are still active.
+This stack initially contains any arguments to the C&nbsp;function
+and it is where the C&nbsp;function can store temporary
+Lua values and must push its results
+to be returned to the caller (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+most query operations in the API do not follow a strict stack discipline.
+Instead, they can refer to any element in the stack
+by using an <em>index</em>:
+A positive index represents an absolute stack position,
+starting at&nbsp;1 as the bottom of the stack;
+a negative index represents an offset relative to the top of the stack.
+More specifically, if the stack has <em>n</em> elements,
+then index&nbsp;1 represents the first element
+(that is, the element that was pushed onto the stack first)
+and
+index&nbsp;<em>n</em> represents the last element;
+index&nbsp;-1 also represents the last element
+(that is, the element at the&nbsp;top)
+and index <em>-n</em> represents the first element.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>4.1.1 &ndash; <a name="4.1.1">Stack Size</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+When you interact with the Lua API,
+you are responsible for ensuring consistency.
+In particular,
+<em>you are responsible for controlling stack overflow</em>.
+When you call any API function,
+you must ensure the stack has enough room to accommodate the results.
+
+
+<p>
+There is one exception to the above rule:
+When you call a Lua function
+without a fixed number of results (see <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>),
+Lua ensures that the stack has enough space for all results.
+However, it does not ensure any extra space.
+So, before pushing anything on the stack after such a call
+you should use <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C,
+it ensures that the stack has space for
+at least <a name="pdf-LUA_MINSTACK"><code>LUA_MINSTACK</code></a> extra elements;
+that is, you can safely push up to <code>LUA_MINSTACK</code> values into it.
+<code>LUA_MINSTACK</code> is defined as 20,
+so that usually you do not have to worry about stack space
+unless your code has loops pushing elements onto the stack.
+Whenever necessary,
+you can use the function <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>
+to ensure that the stack has enough space for pushing new elements.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>4.1.2 &ndash; <a name="4.1.2">Valid and Acceptable Indices</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Any function in the API that receives stack indices
+works only with <em>valid indices</em> or <em>acceptable indices</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A <em>valid index</em> is an index that refers to a
+position that stores a modifiable Lua value.
+It comprises stack indices between&nbsp;1 and the stack top
+(<code>1 &le; abs(index) &le; top</code>)
+
+plus <em>pseudo-indices</em>,
+which represent some positions that are accessible to C&nbsp;code
+but that are not in the stack.
+Pseudo-indices are used to access the registry (see <a href="#4.3">&sect;4.3</a>)
+and the upvalues of a C&nbsp;function (see <a href="#4.2">&sect;4.2</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Functions that do not need a specific mutable position,
+but only a value (e.g., query functions),
+can be called with acceptable indices.
+An <em>acceptable index</em> can be any valid index,
+but it also can be any positive index after the stack top
+within the space allocated for the stack,
+that is, indices up to the stack size.
+(Note that 0 is never an acceptable index.)
+Indices to upvalues (see <a href="#4.2">&sect;4.2</a>) greater than the real number
+of upvalues in the current C&nbsp;function are also acceptable (but invalid).
+Except when noted otherwise,
+functions in the API work with acceptable indices.
+
+
+<p>
+Acceptable indices serve to avoid extra tests
+against the stack top when querying the stack.
+For instance, a C&nbsp;function can query its third argument
+without the need to check whether there is a third argument,
+that is, without the need to check whether 3 is a valid index.
+
+
+<p>
+For functions that can be called with acceptable indices,
+any non-valid index is treated as if it
+contains a value of a virtual type <a name="pdf-LUA_TNONE"><code>LUA_TNONE</code></a>,
+which behaves like a nil value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>4.1.3 &ndash; <a name="4.1.3">Pointers to strings</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the API return pointers (<code>const char*</code>)
+to Lua strings in the stack.
+(See <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>, <a href="#lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pushstring"><code>lua_pushstring</code></a>, and <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a>.
+See also <a href="#luaL_checklstring"><code>luaL_checklstring</code></a>, <a href="#luaL_checkstring"><code>luaL_checkstring</code></a>,
+and <a href="#luaL_tolstring"><code>luaL_tolstring</code></a> in the auxiliary library.)
+
+
+<p>
+In general,
+Lua's garbage collection can free or move internal memory
+and then invalidate pointers to internal strings.
+To allow a safe use of these pointers,
+the API guarantees that any pointer to a string in a stack index
+is valid while the string value at that index is not removed from the stack.
+(It can be moved to another index, though.)
+When the index is a pseudo-index (referring to an upvalue),
+the pointer is valid while the corresponding call is active and
+the corresponding upvalue is not modified.
+
+
+<p>
+Some functions in the debug interface
+also return pointers to strings,
+namely <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>, <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a>, and <a href="#lua_setupvalue"><code>lua_setupvalue</code></a>.
+For these functions, the pointer is guaranteed to
+be valid while the caller function is active and
+the given closure (if one was given) is in the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Except for these guarantees,
+the garbage collector is free to invalidate
+any pointer to internal strings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.2 &ndash; <a name="4.2">C Closures</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When a C&nbsp;function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a <em>C&nbsp;closure</em>
+(see <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>);
+these values are called <em>upvalues</em> and are
+accessible to the function whenever it is called.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a C&nbsp;function is called,
+its upvalues are located at specific pseudo-indices.
+These pseudo-indices are produced by the macro
+<a href="#lua_upvalueindex"><code>lua_upvalueindex</code></a>.
+The first upvalue associated with a function is at index
+<code>lua_upvalueindex(1)</code>, and so on.
+Any access to <code>lua_upvalueindex(<em>n</em>)</code>,
+where <em>n</em> is greater than the number of upvalues of the
+current function
+(but not greater than 256,
+which is one plus the maximum number of upvalues in a closure),
+produces an acceptable but invalid index.
+
+
+<p>
+A C&nbsp;closure can also change the values
+of its corresponding upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.3 &ndash; <a name="4.3">Registry</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides a <em>registry</em>,
+a predefined table that can be used by any C&nbsp;code to
+store whatever Lua values it needs to store.
+The registry table is always accessible at pseudo-index
+<a name="pdf-LUA_REGISTRYINDEX"><code>LUA_REGISTRYINDEX</code></a>.
+Any C&nbsp;library can store data into this table,
+but it must take care to choose keys
+that are different from those used
+by other libraries, to avoid collisions.
+Typically, you should use as key a string containing your library name,
+or a light userdata with the address of a C&nbsp;object in your code,
+or any Lua object created by your code.
+As with variable names,
+string keys starting with an underscore followed by
+uppercase letters are reserved for Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+The integer keys in the registry are used
+by the reference mechanism (see <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>)
+and by some predefined values.
+Therefore, integer keys in the registry
+must not be used for other purposes.
+
+
+<p>
+When you create a new Lua state,
+its registry comes with some predefined values.
+These predefined values are indexed with integer keys
+defined as constants in <code>lua.h</code>.
+The following constants are defined:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD"><code>LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD</code></a>: </b> At this index the registry has
+the main thread of the state.
+(The main thread is the one created together with the state.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS"><code>LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS</code></a>: </b> At this index the registry has
+the global environment.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.4 &ndash; <a name="4.4">Error Handling in C</a></h2>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to handle errors.
+(Lua will use exceptions if you compile it as C++;
+search for <code>LUAI_THROW</code> in the source code for details.)
+When Lua faces any error,
+such as a memory allocation error or a type error,
+it <em>raises</em> an error;
+that is, it does a long jump.
+A <em>protected environment</em> uses <code>setjmp</code>
+to set a recovery point;
+any error jumps to the most recent active recovery point.
+
+
+<p>
+Inside a C&nbsp;function you can raise an error explicitly
+by calling <a href="#lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Most functions in the API can raise an error,
+for instance due to a memory allocation error.
+The documentation for each function indicates whether
+it can raise errors.
+
+
+<p>
+If an error happens outside any protected environment,
+Lua calls a <em>panic function</em> (see <a href="#lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a>)
+and then calls <code>abort</code>,
+thus exiting the host application.
+Your panic function can avoid this exit by
+never returning
+(e.g., doing a long jump to your own recovery point outside Lua).
+
+
+<p>
+The panic function,
+as its name implies,
+is a mechanism of last resort.
+Programs should avoid it.
+As a general rule,
+when a C&nbsp;function is called by Lua with a Lua state,
+it can do whatever it wants on that Lua state,
+as it should be already protected.
+However,
+when C code operates on other Lua states
+(e.g., a Lua-state argument to the function,
+a Lua state stored in the registry, or
+the result of <a href="#lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a>),
+it should use them only in API calls that cannot raise errors.
+
+
+<p>
+The panic function runs as if it were a message handler (see <a href="#2.3">&sect;2.3</a>);
+in particular, the error object is on the top of the stack.
+However, there is no guarantee about stack space.
+To push anything on the stack,
+the panic function must first check the available space (see <a href="#4.1.1">&sect;4.1.1</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>4.4.1 &ndash; <a name="4.4.1">Status Codes</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Several functions that report errors in the API use the following
+status codes to indicate different kinds of errors or other conditions:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> (0): </b> no errors.</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRRUN"><code>LUA_ERRRUN</code></a>: </b> a runtime error.</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>: </b>
+memory allocation error.
+For such errors, Lua does not call the message handler.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRERR"><code>LUA_ERRERR</code></a>: </b> error while running the message handler.</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRSYNTAX"><code>LUA_ERRSYNTAX</code></a>: </b> syntax error during precompilation.</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a>: </b> the thread (coroutine) yields.</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRFILE"><code>LUA_ERRFILE</code></a>: </b> a file-related error;
+e.g., it cannot open or read the file.</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+These constants are defined in the header file <code>lua.h</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.5 &ndash; <a name="4.5">Handling Yields in C</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to yield a coroutine.
+Therefore, if a C&nbsp;function <code>foo</code> calls an API function
+and this API function yields
+(directly or indirectly by calling another function that yields),
+Lua cannot return to <code>foo</code> any more,
+because the <code>longjmp</code> removes its frame from the C&nbsp;stack.
+
+
+<p>
+To avoid this kind of problem,
+Lua raises an error whenever it tries to yield across an API call,
+except for three functions:
+<a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>, <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a>, and <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>.
+All those functions receive a <em>continuation function</em>
+(as a parameter named <code>k</code>) to continue execution after a yield.
+
+
+<p>
+We need to set some terminology to explain continuations.
+We have a C&nbsp;function called from Lua which we will call
+the <em>original function</em>.
+This original function then calls one of those three functions in the C API,
+which we will call the <em>callee function</em>,
+that then yields the current thread.
+This can happen when the callee function is <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+or when the callee function is either <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a> or <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>
+and the function called by them yields.
+
+
+<p>
+Suppose the running thread yields while executing the callee function.
+After the thread resumes,
+it eventually will finish running the callee function.
+However,
+the callee function cannot return to the original function,
+because its frame in the C&nbsp;stack was destroyed by the yield.
+Instead, Lua calls a <em>continuation function</em>,
+which was given as an argument to the callee function.
+As the name implies,
+the continuation function should continue the task
+of the original function.
+
+
+<p>
+As an illustration, consider the following function:
+
+<pre>
+     int original_function (lua_State *L) {
+       ...     /* code 1 */
+       status = lua_pcall(L, n, m, h);  /* calls Lua */
+       ...     /* code 2 */
+     }
+</pre><p>
+Now we want to allow
+the Lua code being run by <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> to yield.
+First, we can rewrite our function like here:
+
+<pre>
+     int k (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx) {
+       ...  /* code 2 */
+     }
+     
+     int original_function (lua_State *L) {
+       ...     /* code 1 */
+       return k(L, lua_pcall(L, n, m, h), ctx);
+     }
+</pre><p>
+In the above code,
+the new function <code>k</code> is a
+<em>continuation function</em> (with type <a href="#lua_KFunction"><code>lua_KFunction</code></a>),
+which should do all the work that the original function
+was doing after calling <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>.
+Now, we must inform Lua that it must call <code>k</code> if the Lua code
+being executed by <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> gets interrupted in some way
+(errors or yielding),
+so we rewrite the code as here,
+replacing <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> by <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>:
+
+<pre>
+     int original_function (lua_State *L) {
+       ...     /* code 1 */
+       return k(L, lua_pcallk(L, n, m, h, ctx2, k), ctx1);
+     }
+</pre><p>
+Note the external, explicit call to the continuation:
+Lua will call the continuation only if needed, that is,
+in case of errors or resuming after a yield.
+If the called function returns normally without ever yielding,
+<a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a> (and <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a>) will also return normally.
+(Of course, instead of calling the continuation in that case,
+you can do the equivalent work directly inside the original function.)
+
+
+<p>
+Besides the Lua state,
+the continuation function has two other parameters:
+the final status of the call and the context value (<code>ctx</code>) that
+was passed originally to <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>.
+Lua does not use this context value;
+it only passes this value from the original function to the
+continuation function.
+For <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>,
+the status is the same value that would be returned by <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>,
+except that it is <a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> when being executed after a yield
+(instead of <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>).
+For <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a> and <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a>,
+the status is always <a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> when Lua calls the continuation.
+(For these two functions,
+Lua will not call the continuation in case of errors,
+because they do not handle errors.)
+Similarly, when using <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a>,
+you should call the continuation function
+with <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> as the status.
+(For <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>, there is not much point in calling
+directly the continuation function,
+because <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a> usually does not return.)
+
+
+<p>
+Lua treats the continuation function as if it were the original function.
+The continuation function receives the same Lua stack
+from the original function,
+in the same state it would be if the callee function had returned.
+(For instance,
+after a <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a> the function and its arguments are
+removed from the stack and replaced by the results from the call.)
+It also has the same upvalues.
+Whatever it returns is handled by Lua as if it were the return
+of the original function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.6 &ndash; <a name="4.6">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the C&nbsp;API in
+alphabetical order.
+Each function has an indicator like this:
+<span class="apii">[-o, +p, <em>x</em>]</span>
+
+
+<p>
+The first field, <code>o</code>,
+is how many elements the function pops from the stack.
+The second field, <code>p</code>,
+is how many elements the function pushes onto the stack.
+(Any function always pushes its results after popping its arguments.)
+A field in the form <code>x|y</code> means the function can push (or pop)
+<code>x</code> or <code>y</code> elements,
+depending on the situation;
+an interrogation mark '<code>?</code>' means that
+we cannot know how many elements the function pops/pushes
+by looking only at its arguments.
+(For instance, they may depend on what is in the stack.)
+The third field, <code>x</code>,
+tells whether the function may raise errors:
+'<code>-</code>' means the function never raises any error;
+'<code>m</code>' means the function may raise only out-of-memory errors;
+'<code>v</code>' means the function may raise the errors explained in the text;
+'<code>e</code>' means the function can run arbitrary Lua code,
+either directly or through metamethods,
+and therefore may raise any errors.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_absindex"><code>lua_absindex</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_absindex (lua_State *L, int idx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the acceptable index <code>idx</code>
+into an equivalent absolute index
+(that is, one that does not depend on the stack size).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud,
+                             void *ptr,
+                             size_t osize,
+                             size_t nsize);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the memory-allocation function used by Lua states.
+The allocator function must provide a
+functionality similar to <code>realloc</code>,
+but not exactly the same.
+Its arguments are
+<code>ud</code>, an opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>;
+<code>ptr</code>, a pointer to the block being allocated/reallocated/freed;
+<code>osize</code>, the original size of the block or some code about what
+is being allocated;
+and <code>nsize</code>, the new size of the block.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>ptr</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+<code>osize</code> is the size of the block pointed by <code>ptr</code>,
+that is, the size given when it was allocated or reallocated.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>ptr</code> is <code>NULL</code>,
+<code>osize</code> encodes the kind of object that Lua is allocating.
+<code>osize</code> is any of
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_TSTRING"><code>LUA_TSTRING</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_TTABLE"><code>LUA_TTABLE</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_TFUNCTION"><code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_TUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code></a>, or <a href="#pdf-LUA_TTHREAD"><code>LUA_TTHREAD</code></a> when (and only when)
+Lua is creating a new object of that type.
+When <code>osize</code> is some other value,
+Lua is allocating memory for something else.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua assumes the following behavior from the allocator function:
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nsize</code> is zero,
+the allocator must behave like <code>free</code>
+and then return <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nsize</code> is not zero,
+the allocator must behave like <code>realloc</code>.
+In particular, the allocator returns <code>NULL</code>
+if and only if it cannot fulfill the request.
+
+
+<p>
+Here is a simple implementation for the allocator function.
+It is used in the auxiliary library by <a href="#luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a>.
+
+<pre>
+     static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize,
+                                                size_t nsize) {
+       (void)ud;  (void)osize;  /* not used */
+       if (nsize == 0) {
+         free(ptr);
+         return NULL;
+       }
+       else
+         return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+     }
+</pre><p>
+Note that ISO&nbsp;C ensures
+that <code>free(NULL)</code> has no effect and that
+<code>realloc(NULL,size)</code> is equivalent to <code>malloc(size)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_arith"><code>lua_arith</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(2|1), +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Performs an arithmetic or bitwise operation over the two values
+(or one, in the case of negations)
+at the top of the stack,
+with the value on the top being the second operand,
+pops these values, and pushes the result of the operation.
+The function follows the semantics of the corresponding Lua operator
+(that is, it may call metamethods).
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <code>op</code> must be one of the following constants:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPADD"><code>LUA_OPADD</code></a>: </b> performs addition (<code>+</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPSUB"><code>LUA_OPSUB</code></a>: </b> performs subtraction (<code>-</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPMUL"><code>LUA_OPMUL</code></a>: </b> performs multiplication (<code>*</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPDIV"><code>LUA_OPDIV</code></a>: </b> performs float division (<code>/</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPIDIV"><code>LUA_OPIDIV</code></a>: </b> performs floor division (<code>//</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPMOD"><code>LUA_OPMOD</code></a>: </b> performs modulo (<code>%</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPPOW"><code>LUA_OPPOW</code></a>: </b> performs exponentiation (<code>^</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPUNM"><code>LUA_OPUNM</code></a>: </b> performs mathematical negation (unary <code>-</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPBNOT"><code>LUA_OPBNOT</code></a>: </b> performs bitwise NOT (<code>~</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPBAND"><code>LUA_OPBAND</code></a>: </b> performs bitwise AND (<code>&amp;</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPBOR"><code>LUA_OPBOR</code></a>: </b> performs bitwise OR (<code>|</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPBXOR"><code>LUA_OPBXOR</code></a>: </b> performs bitwise exclusive OR (<code>~</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPSHL"><code>LUA_OPSHL</code></a>: </b> performs left shift (<code>&lt;&lt;</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPSHR"><code>LUA_OPSHR</code></a>: </b> performs right shift (<code>&gt;&gt;</code>)</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets a new panic function and returns the old one (see <a href="#4.4">&sect;4.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs+1), +nresults, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function.
+Like regular Lua calls,
+<code>lua_call</code> respects the <code>__call</code> metamethod.
+So, here the word "function"
+means any callable value.
+
+
+<p>
+To do a call you must use the following protocol:
+first, the function to be called is pushed onto the stack;
+then, the arguments to the call are pushed
+in direct order;
+that is, the first argument is pushed first.
+Finally you call <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>;
+<code>nargs</code> is the number of arguments that you pushed onto the stack.
+When the function returns,
+all arguments and the function value are popped
+and the call results are pushed onto the stack.
+The number of results is adjusted to <code>nresults</code>,
+unless <code>nresults</code> is <a name="pdf-LUA_MULTRET"><code>LUA_MULTRET</code></a>.
+In this case, all results from the function are pushed;
+Lua takes care that the returned values fit into the stack space,
+but it does not ensure any extra space in the stack.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack in direct order
+(the first result is pushed first),
+so that after the call the last result is on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Any error while calling and running the function is propagated upwards
+(with a <code>longjmp</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The following example shows how the host program can do the
+equivalent to this Lua code:
+
+<pre>
+     a = f("how", t.x, 14)
+</pre><p>
+Here it is in&nbsp;C:
+
+<pre>
+     lua_getglobal(L, "f");                  /* function to be called */
+     lua_pushliteral(L, "how");                       /* 1st argument */
+     lua_getglobal(L, "t");                    /* table to be indexed */
+     lua_getfield(L, -1, "x");        /* push result of t.x (2nd arg) */
+     lua_remove(L, -2);                  /* remove 't' from the stack */
+     lua_pushinteger(L, 14);                          /* 3rd argument */
+     lua_call(L, 3, 1);     /* call 'f' with 3 arguments and 1 result */
+     lua_setglobal(L, "a");                         /* set global 'a' */
+</pre><p>
+Note that the code above is <em>balanced</em>:
+at its end, the stack is back to its original configuration.
+This is considered good programming practice.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +nresults, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_callk (lua_State *L,
+                int nargs,
+                int nresults,
+                lua_KContext ctx,
+                lua_KFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>,
+but allows the called function to yield (see <a href="#4.5">&sect;4.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for C&nbsp;functions.
+
+
+<p>
+In order to communicate properly with Lua,
+a C&nbsp;function must use the following protocol,
+which defines the way parameters and results are passed:
+a C&nbsp;function receives its arguments from Lua in its stack
+in direct order (the first argument is pushed first).
+So, when the function starts,
+<code>lua_gettop(L)</code> returns the number of arguments received by the function.
+The first argument (if any) is at index 1
+and its last argument is at index <code>lua_gettop(L)</code>.
+To return values to Lua, a C&nbsp;function just pushes them onto the stack,
+in direct order (the first result is pushed first),
+and returns in C the number of results.
+Any other value in the stack below the results will be properly
+discarded by Lua.
+Like a Lua function, a C&nbsp;function called by Lua can also return
+many results.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following function receives a variable number
+of numeric arguments and returns their average and their sum:
+
+<pre>
+     static int foo (lua_State *L) {
+       int n = lua_gettop(L);    /* number of arguments */
+       lua_Number sum = 0.0;
+       int i;
+       for (i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {
+         if (!lua_isnumber(L, i)) {
+           lua_pushliteral(L, "incorrect argument");
+           lua_error(L);
+         }
+         sum += lua_tonumber(L, i);
+       }
+       lua_pushnumber(L, sum/n);        /* first result */
+       lua_pushnumber(L, sum);         /* second result */
+       return 2;                   /* number of results */
+     }
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Ensures that the stack has space for at least <code>n</code> extra elements,
+that is, that you can safely push up to <code>n</code> values into it.
+It returns false if it cannot fulfill the request,
+either because it would cause the stack
+to be greater than a fixed maximum size
+(typically at least several thousand elements) or
+because it cannot allocate memory for the extra space.
+This function never shrinks the stack;
+if the stack already has space for the extra elements,
+it is left unchanged.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_close (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Close all active to-be-closed variables in the main thread,
+release all objects in the given Lua state
+(calling the corresponding garbage-collection metamethods, if any),
+and frees all dynamic memory used by this state.
+
+
+<p>
+On several platforms, you may not need to call this function,
+because all resources are naturally released when the host program ends.
+On the other hand, long-running programs that create multiple states,
+such as daemons or web servers,
+will probably need to close states as soon as they are not needed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_closeslot"><code>lua_closeslot</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_closeslot (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Close the to-be-closed slot at the given index and set its value to <b>nil</b>.
+The index must be the last index previously marked to be closed
+(see <a href="#lua_toclose"><code>lua_toclose</code></a>) that is still active (that is, not closed yet).
+
+
+<p>
+A <code>__close</code> metamethod cannot yield
+when called through this function.
+
+
+<p>
+(This function was introduced in release&nbsp;5.4.3.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_closethread"><code>lua_closethread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_closethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *from);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Resets a thread, cleaning its call stack and closing all pending
+to-be-closed variables.
+Returns a status code:
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> for no errors in the thread
+(either the original error that stopped the thread or
+errors in closing methods),
+or an error status otherwise.
+In case of error,
+leaves the error object on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+The parameter <code>from</code> represents the coroutine that is resetting <code>L</code>.
+If there is no such coroutine,
+this parameter can be <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+(This function was introduced in release&nbsp;5.4.6.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_compare"><code>lua_compare</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Compares two Lua values.
+Returns 1 if the value at index <code>index1</code> satisfies <code>op</code>
+when compared with the value at index <code>index2</code>,
+following the semantics of the corresponding Lua operator
+(that is, it may call metamethods).
+Otherwise returns&nbsp;0.
+Also returns&nbsp;0 if any of the indices is not valid.
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <code>op</code> must be one of the following constants:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPEQ"><code>LUA_OPEQ</code></a>: </b> compares for equality (<code>==</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPLT"><code>LUA_OPLT</code></a>: </b> compares for less than (<code>&lt;</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPLE"><code>LUA_OPLE</code></a>: </b> compares for less or equal (<code>&lt;=</code>)</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_concat"><code>lua_concat</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Concatenates the <code>n</code> values at the top of the stack,
+pops them, and leaves the result on the top.
+If <code>n</code>&nbsp;is&nbsp;1, the result is the single value on the stack
+(that is, the function does nothing);
+if <code>n</code> is 0, the result is the empty string.
+Concatenation is performed following the usual semantics of Lua
+(see <a href="#3.4.6">&sect;3.4.6</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_copy"><code>lua_copy</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_copy (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Copies the element at index <code>fromidx</code>
+into the valid index <code>toidx</code>,
+replacing the value at that position.
+Values at other positions are not affected.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_createtable"><code>lua_createtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+Parameter <code>narr</code> is a hint for how many elements the table
+will have as a sequence;
+parameter <code>nrec</code> is a hint for how many other elements
+the table will have.
+Lua may use these hints to preallocate memory for the new table.
+This preallocation may help performance when you know in advance
+how many elements the table will have.
+Otherwise you can use the function <a href="#lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_dump (lua_State *L,
+                        lua_Writer writer,
+                        void *data,
+                        int strip);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Dumps a function as a binary chunk.
+Receives a Lua function on the top of the stack
+and produces a binary chunk that,
+if loaded again,
+results in a function equivalent to the one dumped.
+As it produces parts of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls function <code>writer</code> (see <a href="#lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a>)
+with the given <code>data</code>
+to write them.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>strip</code> is true,
+the binary representation may not include all debug information
+about the function,
+to save space.
+
+
+<p>
+The value returned is the error code returned by the last
+call to the writer;
+0&nbsp;means no errors.
+
+
+<p>
+This function does not pop the Lua function from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_error (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises a Lua error,
+using the value on the top of the stack as the error object.
+This function does a long jump,
+and therefore never returns
+(see <a href="#luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Controls the garbage collector.
+
+
+<p>
+This function performs several tasks,
+according to the value of the parameter <code>what</code>.
+For options that need extra arguments,
+they are listed after the option.
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOLLECT</code>: </b>
+Performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTOP</code>: </b>
+Stops the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCRESTART</code>: </b>
+Restarts the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNT</code>: </b>
+Returns the current amount of memory (in Kbytes) in use by Lua.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNTB</code>: </b>
+Returns the remainder of dividing the current amount of bytes of
+memory in use by Lua by 1024.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTEP</code> <code>(int stepsize)</code>: </b>
+Performs an incremental step of garbage collection,
+corresponding to the allocation of <code>stepsize</code> Kbytes.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCISRUNNING</code>: </b>
+Returns a boolean that tells whether the collector is running
+(i.e., not stopped).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCINC</code> (int pause, int stepmul, stepsize): </b>
+Changes the collector to incremental mode
+with the given parameters (see <a href="#2.5.1">&sect;2.5.1</a>).
+Returns the previous mode (<code>LUA_GCGEN</code> or <code>LUA_GCINC</code>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCGEN</code> (int minormul, int majormul): </b>
+Changes the collector to generational mode
+with the given parameters (see <a href="#2.5.2">&sect;2.5.2</a>).
+Returns the previous mode (<code>LUA_GCGEN</code> or <code>LUA_GCINC</code>).
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For more details about these options,
+see <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function should not be called by a finalizer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getallocf"><code>lua_getallocf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the memory-allocation function of a given state.
+If <code>ud</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, Lua stores in <code>*ud</code> the
+opaque pointer given when the memory-allocator function was set.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfield"><code>lua_getfield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the pushed value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getextraspace"><code>lua_getextraspace</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_getextraspace (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns a pointer to a raw memory area associated with the
+given Lua state.
+The application can use this area for any purpose;
+Lua does not use it for anything.
+
+
+<p>
+Each new thread has this area initialized with a copy
+of the area of the main thread.
+
+
+<p>
+By default, this area has the size of a pointer to void,
+but you can recompile Lua with a different size for this area.
+(See <code>LUA_EXTRASPACE</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getglobal"><code>lua_getglobal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value of the global <code>name</code>.
+Returns the type of that value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_geti"><code>lua_geti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_geti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer i);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[i]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the pushed value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getmetatable"><code>lua_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the value at the given index has a metatable,
+the function pushes that metatable onto the stack and returns&nbsp;1.
+Otherwise,
+the function returns&nbsp;0 and pushes nothing on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index
+and <code>k</code> is the value on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the key from the stack,
+pushing the resulting value in its place.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the pushed value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettop"><code>lua_gettop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gettop (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the index of the top element in the stack.
+Because indices start at&nbsp;1,
+this result is equal to the number of elements in the stack;
+in particular, 0&nbsp;means an empty stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getiuservalue"><code>lua_getiuservalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getiuservalue (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the <code>n</code>-th user value associated with the
+full userdata at the given index and
+returns the type of the pushed value.
+
+
+<p>
+If the userdata does not have that value,
+pushes <b>nil</b> and returns <a href="#pdf-LUA_TNONE"><code>LUA_TNONE</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_insert"><code>lua_insert</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given valid index,
+shifting up the elements above this index to open space.
+This function cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef ... lua_Integer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of integers in Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+By default this type is <code>long long</code>,
+(usually a 64-bit two-complement integer),
+but that can be changed to <code>long</code> or <code>int</code>
+(usually a 32-bit two-complement integer).
+(See <code>LUA_INT_TYPE</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+
+
+<p>
+Lua also defines the constants
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MININTEGER"><code>LUA_MININTEGER</code></a> and <a name="pdf-LUA_MAXINTEGER"><code>LUA_MAXINTEGER</code></a>,
+with the minimum and the maximum values that fit in this type.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a boolean,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_iscfunction"><code>lua_iscfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a C&nbsp;function,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isfunction"><code>lua_isfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a function
+(either C or Lua), and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isinteger"><code>lua_isinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isinteger (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is an integer
+(that is, the value is a number and is represented as an integer),
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_islightuserdata"><code>lua_islightuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_islightuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a light userdata,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnil"><code>lua_isnil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnone"><code>lua_isnone</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnone (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given index is not valid,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnoneornil"><code>lua_isnoneornil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnoneornil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given index is not valid
+or if the value at this index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnumber"><code>lua_isnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a number
+or a string convertible to a number,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isstring"><code>lua_isstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a string
+or a number (which is always convertible to a string),
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_istable"><code>lua_istable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_istable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a table,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isthread"><code>lua_isthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isthread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a thread,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isuserdata"><code>lua_isuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given index is a userdata
+(either full or light), and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isyieldable"><code>lua_isyieldable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isyieldable (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given coroutine can yield,
+and 0&nbsp;otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_KContext"><code>lua_KContext</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef ... lua_KContext;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type for continuation-function contexts.
+It must be a numeric type.
+This type is defined as <code>intptr_t</code>
+when <code>intptr_t</code> is available,
+so that it can store pointers too.
+Otherwise, it is defined as <code>ptrdiff_t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_KFunction"><code>lua_KFunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_KFunction) (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for continuation functions (see <a href="#4.5">&sect;4.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_len"><code>lua_len</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_len (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the length of the value at the given index.
+It is equivalent to the '<code>#</code>' operator in Lua (see <a href="#3.4.7">&sect;3.4.7</a>) and
+may trigger a metamethod for the "length" event (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+The result is pushed on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_load (lua_State *L,
+              lua_Reader reader,
+              void *data,
+              const char *chunkname,
+              const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a Lua chunk without running it.
+If there are no errors,
+<code>lua_load</code> pushes the compiled chunk as a Lua
+function on top of the stack.
+Otherwise, it pushes an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>lua_load</code> function uses a user-supplied <code>reader</code> function
+to read the chunk (see <a href="#lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a>).
+The <code>data</code> argument is an opaque value passed to the reader function.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>chunkname</code> argument gives a name to the chunk,
+which is used for error messages and in debug information (see <a href="#4.7">&sect;4.7</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_load</code> automatically detects whether the chunk is text or binary
+and loads it accordingly (see program <code>luac</code>).
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in function <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+with the addition that
+a <code>NULL</code> value is equivalent to the string "<code>bt</code>".
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_load</code> uses the stack internally,
+so the reader function must always leave the stack
+unmodified when returning.
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_load</code> can return
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRSYNTAX"><code>LUA_ERRSYNTAX</code></a>, or <a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>.
+The function may also return other values corresponding to
+errors raised by the read function (see <a href="#4.4.1">&sect;4.4.1</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+If the resulting function has upvalues,
+its first upvalue is set to the value of the global environment
+stored at index <code>LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS</code> in the registry (see <a href="#4.3">&sect;4.3</a>).
+When loading main chunks,
+this upvalue will be the <code>_ENV</code> variable (see <a href="#2.2">&sect;2.2</a>).
+Other upvalues are initialized with <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new independent state and returns its main thread.
+Returns <code>NULL</code> if it cannot create the state
+(due to lack of memory).
+The argument <code>f</code> is the allocator function;
+Lua will do all memory allocation for this state
+through this function (see <a href="#lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a>).
+The second argument, <code>ud</code>, is an opaque pointer that Lua
+passes to the allocator in every call.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_newtable (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+It is equivalent to <code>lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new thread, pushes it on the stack,
+and returns a pointer to a <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a> that represents this new thread.
+The new thread returned by this function shares with the original thread
+its global environment,
+but has an independent execution stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Threads are subject to garbage collection,
+like any Lua object.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newuserdatauv"><code>lua_newuserdatauv</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_newuserdatauv (lua_State *L, size_t size, int nuvalue);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function creates and pushes on the stack a new full userdata,
+with <code>nuvalue</code> associated Lua values, called <code>user values</code>,
+plus an associated block of raw memory with <code>size</code> bytes.
+(The user values can be set and read with the functions
+<a href="#lua_setiuservalue"><code>lua_setiuservalue</code></a> and <a href="#lua_getiuservalue"><code>lua_getiuservalue</code></a>.)
+
+
+<p>
+The function returns the address of the block of memory.
+Lua ensures that this address is valid as long as
+the corresponding userdata is alive (see <a href="#2.5">&sect;2.5</a>).
+Moreover, if the userdata is marked for finalization (see <a href="#2.5.3">&sect;2.5.3</a>),
+its address is valid at least until the call to its finalizer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +(2|0), <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_next (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a key from the stack,
+and pushes a key&ndash;value pair from the table at the given index,
+the "next" pair after the given key.
+If there are no more elements in the table,
+then <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a> returns&nbsp;0 and pushes nothing.
+
+
+<p>
+A typical table traversal looks like this:
+
+<pre>
+     /* table is in the stack at index 't' */
+     lua_pushnil(L);  /* first key */
+     while (lua_next(L, t) != 0) {
+       /* uses 'key' (at index -2) and 'value' (at index -1) */
+       printf("%s - %s\n",
+              lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -2)),
+              lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -1)));
+       /* removes 'value'; keeps 'key' for next iteration */
+       lua_pop(L, 1);
+     }
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+While traversing a table,
+avoid calling <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> directly on a key,
+unless you know that the key is actually a string.
+Recall that <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> may change
+the value at the given index;
+this confuses the next call to <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function may raise an error if the given key
+is neither <b>nil</b> nor present in the table.
+See function <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying
+the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef ... lua_Number;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of floats in Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+By default this type is double,
+but that can be changed to a single float or a long double.
+(See <code>LUA_FLOAT_TYPE</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_numbertointeger"><code>lua_numbertointeger</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_numbertointeger (lua_Number n, lua_Integer *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Tries to convert a Lua float to a Lua integer;
+the float <code>n</code> must have an integral value.
+If that value is within the range of Lua integers,
+it is converted to an integer and assigned to <code>*p</code>.
+The macro results in a boolean indicating whether the
+conversion was successful.
+(Note that this range test can be tricky to do
+correctly without this macro, due to rounding.)
+
+
+<p>
+This macro may evaluate its arguments more than once.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +(nresults|1), &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int msgh);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function (or a callable object) in protected mode.
+
+
+<p>
+Both <code>nargs</code> and <code>nresults</code> have the same meaning as
+in <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+If there are no errors during the call,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+However, if there is any error,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> catches it,
+pushes a single value on the stack (the error object),
+and returns an error code.
+Like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> always removes the function
+and its arguments from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>msgh</code> is 0,
+then the error object returned on the stack
+is exactly the original error object.
+Otherwise, <code>msgh</code> is the stack index of a
+<em>message handler</em>.
+(This index cannot be a pseudo-index.)
+In case of runtime errors,
+this handler will be called with the error object
+and its return value will be the object
+returned on the stack by <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically, the message handler is used to add more debug
+information to the error object, such as a stack traceback.
+Such information cannot be gathered after the return of <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+since by then the stack has unwound.
+
+
+<p>
+The <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> function returns one of the following status codes:
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRRUN"><code>LUA_ERRRUN</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>, or <a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRERR"><code>LUA_ERRERR</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +(nresults|1), &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L,
+                int nargs,
+                int nresults,
+                int msgh,
+                lua_KContext ctx,
+                lua_KFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+except that it allows the called function to yield (see <a href="#4.5">&sect;4.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pop"><code>lua_pop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pop (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops <code>n</code> elements from the stack.
+It is implemented as a macro over <a href="#lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushboolean"><code>lua_pushboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a boolean value with value <code>b</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a new C&nbsp;closure onto the stack.
+This function receives a pointer to a C&nbsp;function
+and pushes onto the stack a Lua value of type <code>function</code> that,
+when called, invokes the corresponding C&nbsp;function.
+The parameter <code>n</code> tells how many upvalues this function will have
+(see <a href="#4.2">&sect;4.2</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Any function to be callable by Lua must
+follow the correct protocol to receive its parameters
+and return its results (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+When a C&nbsp;function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+the so called upvalues;
+these upvalues are then accessible to the function whenever it is called.
+This association is called a C&nbsp;closure (see <a href="#4.2">&sect;4.2</a>).
+To create a C&nbsp;closure,
+first the initial values for its upvalues must be pushed onto the stack.
+(When there are multiple upvalues, the first value is pushed first.)
+Then <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>
+is called to create and push the C&nbsp;function onto the stack,
+with the argument <code>n</code> telling how many values will be
+associated with the function.
+<a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a> also pops these values from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+The maximum value for <code>n</code> is 255.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>n</code> is zero,
+this function creates a <em>light C&nbsp;function</em>,
+which is just a pointer to the C&nbsp;function.
+In that case, it never raises a memory error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcfunction"><code>lua_pushcfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushcfunction (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a C&nbsp;function onto the stack.
+This function is equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a> with no upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a formatted string
+and returns a pointer to this string (see <a href="#4.1.3">&sect;4.1.3</a>).
+It is similar to the ISO&nbsp;C function <code>sprintf</code>,
+but has two important differences.
+First,
+you do not have to allocate space for the result;
+the result is a Lua string and Lua takes care of memory allocation
+(and deallocation, through garbage collection).
+Second,
+the conversion specifiers are quite restricted.
+There are no flags, widths, or precisions.
+The conversion specifiers can only be
+'<code>%%</code>' (inserts the character '<code>%</code>'),
+'<code>%s</code>' (inserts a zero-terminated string, with no size restrictions),
+'<code>%f</code>' (inserts a <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>),
+'<code>%I</code>' (inserts a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>),
+'<code>%p</code>' (inserts a pointer),
+'<code>%d</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code>),
+'<code>%c</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code> as a one-byte character), and
+'<code>%U</code>' (inserts a <code>long int</code> as a UTF-8 byte sequence).
+
+
+<p>
+This function may raise errors due to memory overflow
+or an invalid conversion specifier.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushglobaltable"><code>lua_pushglobaltable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushglobaltable (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the global environment onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushinteger"><code>lua_pushinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes an integer with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlightuserdata"><code>lua_pushlightuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a light userdata onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Userdata represent C&nbsp;values in Lua.
+A <em>light userdata</em> represents a pointer, a <code>void*</code>.
+It is a value (like a number):
+you do not create it, it has no individual metatable,
+and it is not collected (as it was never created).
+A light userdata is equal to "any"
+light userdata with the same C&nbsp;address.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushliteral"><code>lua_pushliteral</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushliteral (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This macro is equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushstring"><code>lua_pushstring</code></a>,
+but should be used only when <code>s</code> is a literal string.
+(Lua may optimize this case.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with size <code>len</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua will make or reuse an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+The string can contain any binary data,
+including embedded zeros.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a pointer to the internal copy of the string (see <a href="#4.1.3">&sect;4.1.3</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnil"><code>lua_pushnil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a nil value onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnumber"><code>lua_pushnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a float with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushstring"><code>lua_pushstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua will make or reuse an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a pointer to the internal copy of the string (see <a href="#4.1.3">&sect;4.1.3</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>s</code> is <code>NULL</code>, pushes <b>nil</b> and returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushthread"><code>lua_pushthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the thread represented by <code>L</code> onto the stack.
+Returns 1 if this thread is the main thread of its state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvalue"><code>lua_pushvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a copy of the element at the given index
+onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvfstring"><code>lua_pushvfstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L,
+                              const char *fmt,
+                              va_list argp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>, except that it receives a <code>va_list</code>
+instead of a variable number of arguments.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawequal"><code>lua_rawequal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the two values in indices <code>index1</code> and
+<code>index2</code> are primitively equal
+(that is, equal without calling the <code>__eq</code> metamethod).
+Otherwise returns&nbsp;0.
+Also returns&nbsp;0 if any of the indices are not valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawget"><code>lua_rawget</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a>, but does a raw access
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+The value at <code>index</code> must be a table.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgeti"><code>lua_rawgeti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[n]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given index.
+The access is raw,
+that is, it does not use the <code>__index</code> metavalue.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the pushed value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgetp"><code>lua_rawgetp</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given index and
+<code>k</code> is the pointer <code>p</code> represented as a light userdata.
+The access is raw;
+that is, it does not use the <code>__index</code> metavalue.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the pushed value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawlen"><code>lua_rawlen</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the raw "length" of the value at the given index:
+for strings, this is the string length;
+for tables, this is the result of the length operator ('<code>#</code>')
+with no metamethods;
+for userdata, this is the size of the block of memory allocated
+for the userdata.
+For other values, this call returns&nbsp;0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawset"><code>lua_rawset</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a>, but does a raw assignment
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+The value at <code>index</code> must be a table.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawseti"><code>lua_rawseti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer i);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent of <code>t[i] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given index
+and <code>v</code> is the value on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+The assignment is raw,
+that is, it does not use the <code>__newindex</code> metavalue.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawsetp"><code>lua_rawsetp</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent of <code>t[p] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given index,
+<code>p</code> is encoded as a light userdata,
+and <code>v</code> is the value on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+The assignment is raw,
+that is, it does not use the <code>__newindex</code> metavalue.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L,
+                                    void *data,
+                                    size_t *size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The reader function used by <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+Every time <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> needs another piece of the chunk,
+it calls the reader,
+passing along its <code>data</code> parameter.
+The reader must return a pointer to a block of memory
+with a new piece of the chunk
+and set <code>size</code> to the block size.
+The block must exist until the reader function is called again.
+To signal the end of the chunk,
+the reader must return <code>NULL</code> or set <code>size</code> to zero.
+The reader function may return pieces of any size greater than zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_register"><code>lua_register</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_register (lua_State *L, const char *name, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the C&nbsp;function <code>f</code> as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+     #define lua_register(L,n,f) \
+            (lua_pushcfunction(L, f), lua_setglobal(L, n))
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_remove"><code>lua_remove</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Removes the element at the given valid index,
+shifting down the elements above this index to fill the gap.
+This function cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_replace"><code>lua_replace</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given valid index
+without shifting any element
+(therefore replacing the value at that given index),
+and then pops the top element.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_resetthread"><code>lua_resetthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_resetthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function is deprecated;
+it is equivalent to <a href="#lua_closethread"><code>lua_closethread</code></a> with
+<code>from</code> being <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs,
+                          int *nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Starts and resumes a coroutine in the given thread <code>L</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+To start a coroutine,
+you push the main function plus any arguments
+onto the empty stack of the thread.
+then you call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>,
+with <code>nargs</code> being the number of arguments.
+This call returns when the coroutine suspends or finishes its execution.
+When it returns,
+<code>*nresults</code> is updated and
+the top of the stack contains
+the <code>*nresults</code> values passed to <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>
+or returned by the body function.
+<a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> returns
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the coroutine yields,
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> if the coroutine finishes its execution
+without errors,
+or an error code in case of errors (see <a href="#4.4.1">&sect;4.4.1</a>).
+In case of errors,
+the error object is on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+To resume a coroutine,
+you remove the <code>*nresults</code> yielded values from its stack,
+push the values to be passed as results from <code>yield</code>,
+and then call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The parameter <code>from</code> represents the coroutine that is resuming <code>L</code>.
+If there is no such coroutine,
+this parameter can be <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rotate"><code>lua_rotate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rotate (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Rotates the stack elements between the valid index <code>idx</code>
+and the top of the stack.
+The elements are rotated <code>n</code> positions in the direction of the top,
+for a positive <code>n</code>,
+or <code>-n</code> positions in the direction of the bottom,
+for a negative <code>n</code>.
+The absolute value of <code>n</code> must not be greater than the size
+of the slice being rotated.
+This function cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setallocf"><code>lua_setallocf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Changes the allocator function of a given state to <code>f</code>
+with user data <code>ud</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfield"><code>lua_setfield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index
+and <code>v</code> is the value on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setglobal"><code>lua_setglobal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a value from the stack and
+sets it as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_seti"><code>lua_seti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_seti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[n] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index
+and <code>v</code> is the value on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setiuservalue"><code>lua_setiuservalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_setiuservalue (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a value from the stack and sets it as
+the new <code>n</code>-th user value associated to the
+full userdata at the given index.
+Returns 0 if the userdata does not have that value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setmetatable"><code>lua_setmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table or <b>nil</b> from the stack and
+sets that value as the new metatable for the value at the given index.
+(<b>nil</b> means no metatable.)
+
+
+<p>
+(For historical reasons, this function returns an <code>int</code>,
+which now is always 1.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given index,
+<code>v</code> is the value on the top of the stack,
+and <code>k</code> is the value just below the top.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops both the key and the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.4">&sect;2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Accepts any index, or&nbsp;0,
+and sets the stack top to this index.
+If the new top is greater than the old one,
+then the new elements are filled with <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>index</code> is&nbsp;0, then all stack elements are removed.
+
+
+<p>
+This function can run arbitrary code when removing an index
+marked as to-be-closed from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setwarnf"><code>lua_setwarnf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setwarnf (lua_State *L, lua_WarnFunction f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the warning function to be used by Lua to emit warnings
+(see <a href="#lua_WarnFunction"><code>lua_WarnFunction</code></a>).
+The <code>ud</code> parameter sets the value <code>ud</code> passed to
+the warning function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_State lua_State;</pre>
+
+<p>
+An opaque structure that points to a thread and indirectly
+(through the thread) to the whole state of a Lua interpreter.
+The Lua library is fully reentrant:
+it has no global variables.
+All information about a state is accessible through this structure.
+
+
+<p>
+A pointer to this structure must be passed as the first argument to
+every function in the library, except to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>,
+which creates a Lua state from scratch.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_status"><code>lua_status</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_status (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of the thread <code>L</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The status can be <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> for a normal thread,
+an error code if the thread finished the execution
+of a <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> with an error,
+or <a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the thread is suspended.
+
+
+<p>
+You can call functions only in threads with status <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>.
+You can resume threads with status <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>
+(to start a new coroutine) or <a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a>
+(to resume a coroutine).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_stringtonumber"><code>lua_stringtonumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>size_t lua_stringtonumber (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the zero-terminated string <code>s</code> to a number,
+pushes that number into the stack,
+and returns the total size of the string,
+that is, its length plus one.
+The conversion can result in an integer or a float,
+according to the lexical conventions of Lua (see <a href="#3.1">&sect;3.1</a>).
+The string may have leading and trailing whitespaces and a sign.
+If the string is not a valid numeral,
+returns 0 and pushes nothing.
+(Note that the result can be used as a boolean,
+true if the conversion succeeds.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index to a C&nbsp;boolean
+value (0&nbsp;or&nbsp;1).
+Like all tests in Lua,
+<a href="#lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a> returns true for any Lua value
+different from <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise it returns false.
+(If you want to accept only actual boolean values,
+use <a href="#lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a> to test the value's type.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tocfunction"><code>lua_tocfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts a value at the given index to a C&nbsp;function.
+That value must be a C&nbsp;function;
+otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_toclose"><code>lua_toclose</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_toclose (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Marks the given index in the stack as a
+to-be-closed slot (see <a href="#3.3.8">&sect;3.3.8</a>).
+Like a to-be-closed variable in Lua,
+the value at that slot in the stack will be closed
+when it goes out of scope.
+Here, in the context of a C function,
+to go out of scope means that the running function returns to Lua,
+or there is an error,
+or the slot is removed from the stack through
+<a href="#lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a> or <a href="#lua_pop"><code>lua_pop</code></a>,
+or there is a call to <a href="#lua_closeslot"><code>lua_closeslot</code></a>.
+A slot marked as to-be-closed should not be removed from the stack
+by any other function in the API except <a href="#lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a> or <a href="#lua_pop"><code>lua_pop</code></a>,
+unless previously deactivated by <a href="#lua_closeslot"><code>lua_closeslot</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function should not be called for an index
+that is equal to or below an active to-be-closed slot.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that, both in case of errors and of a regular return,
+by the time the <code>__close</code> metamethod runs,
+the C&nbsp;stack was already unwound,
+so that any automatic C&nbsp;variable declared in the calling function
+(e.g., a buffer) will be out of scope.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tointegerx"><code>lua_tointegerx</code></a> with <code>isnum</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointegerx"><code>lua_tointegerx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointegerx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index
+to the signed integral type <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+The Lua value must be an integer,
+or a number or string convertible to an integer (see <a href="#3.4.3">&sect;3.4.3</a>);
+otherwise, <code>lua_tointegerx</code> returns&nbsp;0.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>isnum</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+its referent is assigned a boolean value that
+indicates whether the operation succeeded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int index, size_t *len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index to a C&nbsp;string.
+If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+it sets <code>*len</code> with the string length.
+The Lua value must be a string or a number;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+If the value is a number,
+then <code>lua_tolstring</code> also
+<em>changes the actual value in the stack to a string</em>.
+(This change confuses <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>
+when <code>lua_tolstring</code> is applied to keys during a table traversal.)
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_tolstring</code> returns a pointer
+to a string inside the Lua state (see <a href="#4.1.3">&sect;4.1.3</a>).
+This string always has a zero ('<code>\0</code>')
+after its last character (as in&nbsp;C),
+but can contain other zeros in its body.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a> with <code>isnum</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumberx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given index
+to the C&nbsp;type <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a> (see <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>).
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#3.4.3">&sect;3.4.3</a>);
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a> returns&nbsp;0.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>isnum</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+its referent is assigned a boolean value that
+indicates whether the operation succeeded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given index to a generic
+C&nbsp;pointer (<code>void*</code>).
+The value can be a userdata, a table, a thread, a string, or a function;
+otherwise, <code>lua_topointer</code> returns <code>NULL</code>.
+Different objects will give different pointers.
+There is no way to convert the pointer back to its original value.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically this function is used only for hashing and debug information.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tostring"><code>lua_tostring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> with <code>len</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tothread"><code>lua_tothread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given index to a Lua thread
+(represented as <code>lua_State*</code>).
+This value must be a thread;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the value at the given index is a full userdata,
+returns its memory-block address.
+If the value is a light userdata,
+returns its value (a pointer).
+Otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_type (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the value in the given valid index,
+or <code>LUA_TNONE</code> for a non-valid but acceptable index.
+The types returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> are coded by the following constants
+defined in <code>lua.h</code>:
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TNIL"><code>LUA_TNIL</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TNUMBER"><code>LUA_TNUMBER</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TBOOLEAN"><code>LUA_TBOOLEAN</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TSTRING"><code>LUA_TSTRING</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TTABLE"><code>LUA_TTABLE</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TFUNCTION"><code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TTHREAD"><code>LUA_TTHREAD</code></a>,
+and
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_typename"><code>lua_typename</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int tp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type encoded by the value <code>tp</code>,
+which must be one the values returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef ... lua_Unsigned;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The unsigned version of <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_upvalueindex"><code>lua_upvalueindex</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_upvalueindex (int i);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the pseudo-index that represents the <code>i</code>-th upvalue of
+the running function (see <a href="#4.2">&sect;4.2</a>).
+<code>i</code> must be in the range <em>[1,256]</em>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_version"><code>lua_version</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_version (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the version number of this core.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_WarnFunction"><code>lua_WarnFunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void (*lua_WarnFunction) (void *ud, const char *msg, int tocont);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of warning functions, called by Lua to emit warnings.
+The first parameter is an opaque pointer
+set by <a href="#lua_setwarnf"><code>lua_setwarnf</code></a>.
+The second parameter is the warning message.
+The third parameter is a boolean that
+indicates whether the message is
+to be continued by the message in the next call.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-warn"><code>warn</code></a> for more details about warnings.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_warning"><code>lua_warning</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Emits a warning with the given message.
+A message in a call with <code>tocont</code> true should be
+continued in another call to this function.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-warn"><code>warn</code></a> for more details about warnings.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L,
+                           const void* p,
+                           size_t sz,
+                           void* ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the writer function used by <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+Every time <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> produces another piece of chunk,
+it calls the writer,
+passing along the buffer to be written (<code>p</code>),
+its size (<code>sz</code>),
+and the <code>ud</code> parameter supplied to <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The writer returns an error code:
+0&nbsp;means no errors;
+any other value means an error and stops <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> from
+calling the writer again.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_xmove"><code>lua_xmove</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Exchange values between different threads of the same state.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops <code>n</code> values from the stack <code>from</code>,
+and pushes them onto the stack <code>to</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function is equivalent to <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+but it has no continuation (see <a href="#4.5">&sect;4.5</a>).
+Therefore, when the thread resumes,
+it continues the function that called
+the function calling <code>lua_yield</code>.
+To avoid surprises,
+this function should be called only in a tail call.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L,
+                int nresults,
+                lua_KContext ctx,
+                lua_KFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Yields a coroutine (thread).
+
+
+<p>
+When a C&nbsp;function calls <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+the running coroutine suspends its execution,
+and the call to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> that started this coroutine returns.
+The parameter <code>nresults</code> is the number of values from the stack
+that will be passed as results to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+When the coroutine is resumed again,
+Lua calls the given continuation function <code>k</code> to continue
+the execution of the C&nbsp;function that yielded (see <a href="#4.5">&sect;4.5</a>).
+This continuation function receives the same stack
+from the previous function,
+with the <code>n</code> results removed and
+replaced by the arguments passed to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+Moreover,
+the continuation function receives the value <code>ctx</code>
+that was passed to <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Usually, this function does not return;
+when the coroutine eventually resumes,
+it continues executing the continuation function.
+However, there is one special case,
+which is when this function is called
+from inside a line or a count hook (see <a href="#4.7">&sect;4.7</a>).
+In that case, <code>lua_yieldk</code> should be called with no continuation
+(probably in the form of <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>) and no results,
+and the hook should return immediately after the call.
+Lua will yield and,
+when the coroutine resumes again,
+it will continue the normal execution
+of the (Lua) function that triggered the hook.
+
+
+<p>
+This function can raise an error if it is called from a thread
+with a pending C call with no continuation function
+(what is called a <em>C-call boundary</em>),
+or it is called from a thread that is not running inside a resume
+(typically the main thread).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.7 &ndash; <a name="4.7">The Debug Interface</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua has no built-in debugging facilities.
+Instead, it offers a special interface
+by means of functions and <em>hooks</em>.
+This interface allows the construction of different
+kinds of debuggers, profilers, and other tools
+that need "inside information" from the interpreter.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_Debug {
+  int event;
+  const char *name;           /* (n) */
+  const char *namewhat;       /* (n) */
+  const char *what;           /* (S) */
+  const char *source;         /* (S) */
+  size_t srclen;              /* (S) */
+  int currentline;            /* (l) */
+  int linedefined;            /* (S) */
+  int lastlinedefined;        /* (S) */
+  unsigned char nups;         /* (u) number of upvalues */
+  unsigned char nparams;      /* (u) number of parameters */
+  char isvararg;              /* (u) */
+  char istailcall;            /* (t) */
+  unsigned short ftransfer;   /* (r) index of first value transferred */
+  unsigned short ntransfer;   /* (r) number of transferred values */
+  char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+  /* private part */
+  <em>other fields</em>
+} lua_Debug;</pre>
+
+<p>
+A structure used to carry different pieces of
+information about a function or an activation record.
+<a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> fills only the private part
+of this structure, for later use.
+To fill the other fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> with useful information,
+you must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a> with an appropriate parameter.
+(Specifically, to get a field,
+you must add the letter between parentheses in the field's comment
+to the parameter <code>what</code> of <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.)
+
+
+<p>
+The fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> have the following meaning:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>source</code>: </b>
+the source of the chunk that created the function.
+If <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>@</code>',
+it means that the function was defined in a file where
+the file name follows the '<code>@</code>'.
+If <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>=</code>',
+the remainder of its contents describes the source in a user-dependent manner.
+Otherwise,
+the function was defined in a string where
+<code>source</code> is that string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>srclen</code>: </b>
+The length of the string <code>source</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>short_src</code>: </b>
+a "printable" version of <code>source</code>, to be used in error messages.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>linedefined</code>: </b>
+the line number where the definition of the function starts.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>lastlinedefined</code>: </b>
+the line number where the definition of the function ends.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>what</code>: </b>
+the string <code>"Lua"</code> if the function is a Lua function,
+<code>"C"</code> if it is a C&nbsp;function,
+<code>"main"</code> if it is the main part of a chunk.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>currentline</code>: </b>
+the current line where the given function is executing.
+When no line information is available,
+<code>currentline</code> is set to -1.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>name</code>: </b>
+a reasonable name for the given function.
+Because functions in Lua are first-class values,
+they do not have a fixed name:
+some functions can be the value of multiple global variables,
+while others can be stored only in a table field.
+The <code>lua_getinfo</code> function checks how the function was
+called to find a suitable name.
+If it cannot find a name,
+then <code>name</code> is set to <code>NULL</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>namewhat</code>: </b>
+explains the <code>name</code> field.
+The value of <code>namewhat</code> can be
+<code>"global"</code>, <code>"local"</code>, <code>"method"</code>,
+<code>"field"</code>, <code>"upvalue"</code>, or <code>""</code> (the empty string),
+according to how the function was called.
+(Lua uses the empty string when no other option seems to apply.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>istailcall</code>: </b>
+true if this function invocation was called by a tail call.
+In this case, the caller of this level is not in the stack.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>nups</code>: </b>
+the number of upvalues of the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>nparams</code>: </b>
+the number of parameters of the function
+(always 0&nbsp;for C&nbsp;functions).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>isvararg</code>: </b>
+true if the function is a variadic function
+(always true for C&nbsp;functions).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>ftransfer</code>: </b>
+the index in the stack of the first value being "transferred",
+that is, parameters in a call or return values in a return.
+(The other values are in consecutive indices.)
+Using this index, you can access and modify these values
+through <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a> and <a href="#lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a>.
+This field is only meaningful during a
+call hook, denoting the first parameter,
+or a return hook, denoting the first value being returned.
+(For call hooks, this value is always 1.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>ntransfer</code>: </b>
+The number of values being transferred (see previous item).
+(For calls of Lua functions,
+this value is always equal to <code>nparams</code>.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethook"><code>lua_gethook</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookcount"><code>lua_gethookcount</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook count.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookmask"><code>lua_gethookmask</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook mask.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +(0|1|2), <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a specific function or function invocation.
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function invocation,
+the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function, you push it onto the stack
+and start the <code>what</code> string with the character '<code>&gt;</code>'.
+(In that case,
+<code>lua_getinfo</code> pops the function from the top of the stack.)
+For instance, to know in which line a function <code>f</code> was defined,
+you can write the following code:
+
+<pre>
+     lua_Debug ar;
+     lua_getglobal(L, "f");  /* get global 'f' */
+     lua_getinfo(L, "&gt;S", &amp;ar);
+     printf("%d\n", ar.linedefined);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each character in the string <code>what</code>
+selects some fields of the structure <code>ar</code> to be filled or
+a value to be pushed on the stack.
+(These characters are also documented in the declaration of
+the structure <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a>,
+between parentheses in the comments following each field.)
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>'<code>f</code>': </b>
+pushes onto the stack the function that is
+running at the given level;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>currentline</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>n</code>': </b> fills in the fields <code>name</code> and <code>namewhat</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>r</code>': </b> fills in the fields <code>ftransfer</code> and <code>ntransfer</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>S</code>': </b>
+fills in the fields <code>source</code>, <code>short_src</code>,
+<code>linedefined</code>, <code>lastlinedefined</code>, and <code>what</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>t</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>istailcall</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>u</code>': </b> fills in the fields
+<code>nups</code>, <code>nparams</code>, and <code>isvararg</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>L</code>': </b>
+pushes onto the stack a table whose indices are
+the lines on the function with some associated code,
+that is, the lines where you can put a break point.
+(Lines with no code include empty lines and comments.)
+If this option is given together with option '<code>f</code>',
+its table is pushed after the function.
+This is the only option that can raise a memory error.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+This function returns 0 to signal an invalid option in <code>what</code>;
+even then the valid options are handled correctly.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a local variable or a temporary value
+of a given activation record or a given function.
+
+
+<p>
+In the first case,
+the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+The index <code>n</code> selects which local variable to inspect;
+see <a href="#pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal</code></a> for details about variable indices
+and names.
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a> pushes the variable's value onto the stack
+and returns its name.
+
+
+<p>
+In the second case, <code>ar</code> must be <code>NULL</code> and the function
+to be inspected must be on the top of the stack.
+In this case, only parameters of Lua functions are visible
+(as there is no information about what variables are active)
+and no values are pushed onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about the interpreter runtime stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function fills parts of a <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> structure with
+an identification of the <em>activation record</em>
+of the function executing at a given level.
+Level&nbsp;0 is the current running function,
+whereas level <em>n+1</em> is the function that has called level <em>n</em>
+(except for tail calls, which do not count in the stack).
+When called with a level greater than the stack depth,
+<a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> returns 0;
+otherwise it returns 1.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about the <code>n</code>-th upvalue
+of the closure at index <code>funcindex</code>.
+It pushes the upvalue's value onto the stack
+and returns its name.
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index <code>n</code> is greater than the number of upvalues.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue</code></a> for more information about upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for debugging hook functions.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a hook is called, its <code>ar</code> argument has its field
+<code>event</code> set to the specific event that triggered the hook.
+Lua identifies these events with the following constants:
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKRET"><code>LUA_HOOKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKTAILCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKTAILCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKLINE"><code>LUA_HOOKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCOUNT"><code>LUA_HOOKCOUNT</code></a>.
+Moreover, for line events, the field <code>currentline</code> is also set.
+To get the value of any other field in <code>ar</code>,
+the hook must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+For call events, <code>event</code> can be <code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code>,
+the normal value, or <code>LUA_HOOKTAILCALL</code>, for a tail call;
+in this case, there will be no corresponding return event.
+
+
+<p>
+While Lua is running a hook, it disables other calls to hooks.
+Therefore, if a hook calls back Lua to execute a function or a chunk,
+this execution occurs without any calls to hooks.
+
+
+<p>
+Hook functions cannot have continuations,
+that is, they cannot call <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>, or <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a> with a non-null <code>k</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Hook functions can yield under the following conditions:
+Only count and line events can yield;
+to yield, a hook function must finish its execution
+calling <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a> with <code>nresults</code> equal to zero
+(that is, with no values).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_sethook"><code>lua_sethook</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook f, int mask, int count);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the debugging hook function.
+
+
+<p>
+Argument <code>f</code> is the hook function.
+<code>mask</code> specifies on which events the hook will be called:
+it is formed by a bitwise OR of the constants
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCALL"><code>LUA_MASKCALL</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKRET"><code>LUA_MASKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKLINE"><code>LUA_MASKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCOUNT"><code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code></a>.
+The <code>count</code> argument is only meaningful when the mask
+includes <code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code>.
+For each event, the hook is called as explained below:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>The call hook: </b> is called when the interpreter calls a function.
+The hook is called just after Lua enters the new function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The return hook: </b> is called when the interpreter returns from a function.
+The hook is called just before Lua leaves the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The line hook: </b> is called when the interpreter is about to
+start the execution of a new line of code,
+or when it jumps back in the code (even to the same line).
+This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The count hook: </b> is called after the interpreter executes every
+<code>count</code> instructions.
+This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Hooks are disabled by setting <code>mask</code> to zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a local variable of a given activation record.
+It assigns the value on the top of the stack
+to the variable and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+<p>
+Parameters <code>ar</code> and <code>n</code> are as in the function <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setupvalue"><code>lua_setupvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a closure's upvalue.
+It assigns the value on the top of the stack
+to the upvalue and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index <code>n</code> is greater than the number of upvalues.
+
+
+<p>
+Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in
+the function <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_upvalueid"><code>lua_upvalueid</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_upvalueid (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns a unique identifier for the upvalue numbered <code>n</code>
+from the closure at index <code>funcindex</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+These unique identifiers allow a program to check whether different
+closures share upvalues.
+Lua closures that share an upvalue
+(that is, that access a same external local variable)
+will return identical ids for those upvalue indices.
+
+
+<p>
+Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in
+the function <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>,
+but <code>n</code> cannot be greater than the number of upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_upvaluejoin"><code>lua_upvaluejoin</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void lua_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L, int funcindex1, int n1,
+                                    int funcindex2, int n2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Make the <code>n1</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure at index <code>funcindex1</code>
+refer to the <code>n2</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure at index <code>funcindex2</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>5 &ndash; <a name="5">The Auxiliary Library</a></h1>
+
+
+
+<p>
+
+The <em>auxiliary library</em> provides several convenient functions
+to interface C with Lua.
+While the basic API provides the primitive functions for all
+interactions between C and Lua,
+the auxiliary library provides higher-level functions for some
+common tasks.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions and types from the auxiliary library
+are defined in header file <code>lauxlib.h</code> and
+have a prefix <code>luaL_</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in the auxiliary library are built on
+top of the basic API,
+and so they provide nothing that cannot be done with that API.
+Nevertheless, the use of the auxiliary library ensures
+more consistency to your code.
+
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the auxiliary library use internally some
+extra stack slots.
+When a function in the auxiliary library uses less than five slots,
+it does not check the stack size;
+it simply assumes that there are enough slots.
+
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the auxiliary library are used to
+check C&nbsp;function arguments.
+Because the error message is formatted for arguments
+(e.g., "<code>bad argument #1</code>"),
+you should not use these functions for other stack values.
+
+
+<p>
+Functions called <code>luaL_check*</code>
+always raise an error if the check is not satisfied.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.1 &ndash; <a name="5.1">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the auxiliary library
+in alphabetical order.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addchar"><code>luaL_addchar</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addchar (luaL_Buffer *B, char c);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the byte <code>c</code> to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addgsub"><code>luaL_addgsub</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const void luaL_addgsub (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s,
+                         const char *p, const char *r);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds a copy of the string <code>s</code> to the buffer <code>B</code> (see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>),
+replacing any occurrence of the string <code>p</code>
+with the string <code>r</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addlstring"><code>luaL_addlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with length <code>l</code> to
+the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string can contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds to the buffer <code>B</code>
+a string of length <code>n</code> previously copied to the
+buffer area (see <a href="#luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addstring"><code>luaL_addstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the value on the top of the stack
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+Pops the value.
+
+
+<p>
+This is the only function on string buffers that can (and must)
+be called with an extra element on the stack,
+which is the value to be added to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argcheck"><code>luaL_argcheck</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_argcheck (lua_State *L,
+                    int cond,
+                    int arg,
+                    const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>cond</code> is true.
+If it is not, raises an error with a standard message (see <a href="#luaL_argerror"><code>luaL_argerror</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argerror"><code>luaL_argerror</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error reporting a problem with argument <code>arg</code>
+of the C&nbsp;function that called it,
+using a standard message
+that includes <code>extramsg</code> as a comment:
+
+<pre>
+     bad argument #<em>arg</em> to '<em>funcname</em>' (<em>extramsg</em>)
+</pre><p>
+This function never returns.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argexpected"><code>luaL_argexpected</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_argexpected (lua_State *L,
+                       int cond,
+                       int arg,
+                       const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>cond</code> is true.
+If it is not, raises an error about the type of the argument <code>arg</code>
+with a standard message (see <a href="#luaL_typeerror"><code>luaL_typeerror</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for a <em>string buffer</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A string buffer allows C&nbsp;code to build Lua strings piecemeal.
+Its pattern of use is as follows:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>First declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Then initialize it with a call <code>luaL_buffinit(L, &amp;b)</code>.</li>
+
+<li>
+Then add string pieces to the buffer calling any of
+the <code>luaL_add*</code> functions.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresult(&amp;b)</code>.
+This call leaves the final string on the top of the stack.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+If you know beforehand the maximum size of the resulting string,
+you can use the buffer like this:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>First declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Then initialize it and preallocate a space of
+size <code>sz</code> with a call <code>luaL_buffinitsize(L, &amp;b, sz)</code>.</li>
+
+<li>Then produce the string into that space.</li>
+
+<li>
+Finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresultsize(&amp;b, sz)</code>,
+where <code>sz</code> is the total size of the resulting string
+copied into that space (which may be less than or
+equal to the preallocated size).
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+During its normal operation,
+a string buffer uses a variable number of stack slots.
+So, while using a buffer, you cannot assume that you know where
+the top of the stack is.
+You can use the stack between successive calls to buffer operations
+as long as that use is balanced;
+that is,
+when you call a buffer operation,
+the stack is at the same level
+it was immediately after the previous buffer operation.
+(The only exception to this rule is <a href="#luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a>.)
+After calling <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a>,
+the stack is back to its level when the buffer was initialized,
+plus the final string on its top.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffaddr"><code>luaL_buffaddr</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_buffaddr (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the address of the current content of buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+Note that any addition to the buffer may invalidate this address.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Initializes a buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+This function does not allocate any space;
+the buffer must be declared as a variable.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_bufflen"><code>luaL_bufflen</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>size_t luaL_bufflen (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the length of the current content of buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinitsize"><code>luaL_buffinitsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to the sequence
+<a href="#luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a>, <a href="#luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffsub"><code>luaL_buffsub</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_buffsub (luaL_Buffer *B, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Removes <code>n</code> bytes from the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The buffer must have at least that many bytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_callmeta"><code>luaL_callmeta</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a metamethod.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at index <code>obj</code> has a metatable and this
+metatable has a field <code>e</code>,
+this function calls this field passing the object as its only argument.
+In this case this function returns true and pushes onto the
+stack the value returned by the call.
+If there is no metatable or no metamethod,
+this function returns false without pushing any value on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkany"><code>luaL_checkany</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function has an argument
+of any type (including <b>nil</b>) at position <code>arg</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkinteger"><code>luaL_checkinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is an integer
+(or can be converted to an integer)
+and returns this integer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklstring"><code>luaL_checklstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int arg, size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string
+and returns this string;
+if <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code> fills its referent
+with the string's length.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checknumber"><code>luaL_checknumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number
+and returns this number converted to a <code>lua_Number</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkoption"><code>luaL_checkoption</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L,
+                      int arg,
+                      const char *def,
+                      const char *const lst[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string and
+searches for this string in the array <code>lst</code>
+(which must be NULL-terminated).
+Returns the index in the array where the string was found.
+Raises an error if the argument is not a string or
+if the string cannot be found.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>def</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+the function uses <code>def</code> as a default value when
+there is no argument <code>arg</code> or when this argument is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+This is a useful function for mapping strings to C&nbsp;enums.
+(The usual convention in Lua libraries is
+to use strings instead of numbers to select options.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstack"><code>luaL_checkstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Grows the stack size to <code>top + sz</code> elements,
+raising an error if the stack cannot grow to that size.
+<code>msg</code> is an additional text to go into the error message
+(or <code>NULL</code> for no additional text).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstring"><code>luaL_checkstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checkstring (lua_State *L, int arg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string
+and returns this string.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checktype"><code>luaL_checktype</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int arg, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> has type <code>t</code>.
+See <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> for the encoding of types for <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>arg</code> is a userdata
+of the type <code>tname</code> (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>) and
+returns the userdata's memory-block address (see <a href="#lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkversion"><code>luaL_checkversion</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkversion (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the code making the call and the Lua library being called
+are using the same version of Lua and the same numeric types.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dofile"><code>luaL_dofile</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_dofile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given file.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+     (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns&nbsp;0 (<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>) if there are no errors,
+or 1 in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dostring"><code>luaL_dostring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_dostring (lua_State *L, const char *str);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given string.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+     (luaL_loadstring(L, str) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns&nbsp;0 (<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>) if there are no errors,
+or 1 in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error.
+The error message format is given by <code>fmt</code>
+plus any extra arguments,
+following the same rules of <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>.
+It also adds at the beginning of the message the file name and
+the line number where the error occurred,
+if this information is available.
+
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C&nbsp;functions
+as <code>return luaL_error(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_execresult"><code>luaL_execresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +3, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function produces the return values for
+process-related functions in the standard library
+(<a href="#pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-io.close"><code>io.close</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_fileresult"><code>luaL_fileresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(1|3), <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function produces the return values for
+file-related functions in the standard library
+(<a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek</code></a>, etc.).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetafield"><code>luaL_getmetafield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the field <code>e</code> from the metatable
+of the object at index <code>obj</code> and returns the type of the pushed value.
+If the object does not have a metatable,
+or if the metatable does not have this field,
+pushes nothing and returns <code>LUA_TNIL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetatable"><code>luaL_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_getmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable associated with the name <code>tname</code>
+in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>),
+or <b>nil</b> if there is no metatable associated with that name.
+Returns the type of the pushed value.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getsubtable"><code>luaL_getsubtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_getsubtable (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Ensures that the value <code>t[fname]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at index <code>idx</code>,
+is a table,
+and pushes that table onto the stack.
+Returns true if it finds a previous table there
+and false if it creates a new table.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_gsub"><code>luaL_gsub</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L,
+                       const char *s,
+                       const char *p,
+                       const char *r);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a copy of string <code>s</code>,
+replacing any occurrence of the string <code>p</code>
+with the string <code>r</code>.
+Pushes the resulting string on the stack and returns it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_len"><code>luaL_len</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_len (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the "length" of the value at the given index
+as a number;
+it is equivalent to the '<code>#</code>' operator in Lua (see <a href="#3.4.7">&sect;3.4.7</a>).
+Raises an error if the result of the operation is not an integer.
+(This case can only happen through metamethods.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbuffer"><code>luaL_loadbuffer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L,
+                     const char *buff,
+                     size_t sz,
+                     const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_loadbufferx"><code>luaL_loadbufferx</code></a> with <code>mode</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbufferx"><code>luaL_loadbufferx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L,
+                      const char *buff,
+                      size_t sz,
+                      const char *name,
+                      const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a buffer as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the
+buffer pointed to by <code>buff</code> with size <code>sz</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the chunk name,
+used for debug information and error messages.
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in the function <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfile"><code>luaL_loadfile</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_loadfilex"><code>luaL_loadfilex</code></a> with <code>mode</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfilex"><code>luaL_loadfilex</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+                                            const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a file as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the file
+named <code>filename</code>.
+If <code>filename</code> is <code>NULL</code>,
+then it loads from the standard input.
+The first line in the file is ignored if it starts with a <code>#</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in the function <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>
+or <a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRFILE"><code>LUA_ERRFILE</code></a> for file-related errors.
+
+
+<p>
+As <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadstring"><code>luaL_loadstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a string as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in
+the zero-terminated string <code>s</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Also as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newlib"><code>luaL_newlib</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_newlib (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg l[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new table and registers there
+the functions in the list <code>l</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+It is implemented as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+     (luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
+</pre><p>
+The array <code>l</code> must be the actual array,
+not a pointer to it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newlibtable"><code>luaL_newlibtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_newlibtable (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg l[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new table with a size optimized
+to store all entries in the array <code>l</code>
+(but does not actually store them).
+It is intended to be used in conjunction with <a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a>
+(see <a href="#luaL_newlib"><code>luaL_newlib</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+It is implemented as a macro.
+The array <code>l</code> must be the actual array,
+not a pointer to it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the registry already has the key <code>tname</code>,
+returns 0.
+Otherwise,
+creates a new table to be used as a metatable for userdata,
+adds to this new table the pair <code>__name = tname</code>,
+adds to the registry the pair <code>[tname] = new table</code>,
+and returns 1.
+
+
+<p>
+In both cases,
+the function pushes onto the stack the final value associated
+with <code>tname</code> in the registry.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *luaL_newstate (void);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new Lua state.
+It calls <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> with an
+allocator based on the ISO&nbsp;C allocation functions
+and then sets a warning function and a panic function (see <a href="#4.4">&sect;4.4</a>)
+that print messages to the standard error output.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the new state,
+or <code>NULL</code> if there is a memory allocation error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opens all standard Lua libraries into the given state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_opt"><code>luaL_opt</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>T luaL_opt (L, func, arg, dflt);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This macro is defined as follows:
+
+<pre>
+     (lua_isnoneornil(L,(arg)) ? (dflt) : func(L,(arg)))
+</pre><p>
+In words, if the argument <code>arg</code> is nil or absent,
+the macro results in the default <code>dflt</code>.
+Otherwise, it results in the result of calling <code>func</code>
+with the state <code>L</code> and the argument index <code>arg</code> as
+arguments.
+Note that it evaluates the expression <code>dflt</code> only if needed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optinteger"><code>luaL_optinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L,
+                             int arg,
+                             lua_Integer d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is an integer
+(or it is convertible to an integer),
+returns this integer.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlstring"><code>luaL_optlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L,
+                             int arg,
+                             const char *d,
+                             size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+fills its referent with the result's length.
+If the result is <code>NULL</code>
+(only possible when returning <code>d</code> and <code>d == NULL</code>),
+its length is considered zero.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optnumber"><code>luaL_optnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Number d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a number,
+returns this number as a <code>lua_Number</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optstring"><code>luaL_optstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optstring (lua_State *L,
+                            int arg,
+                            const char *d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>arg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a>
+with the predefined size <a name="pdf-LUAL_BUFFERSIZE"><code>LUAL_BUFFERSIZE</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns an address to a space of size <code>sz</code>
+where you can copy a string to be added to buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+After copying the string into this space you must call
+<a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a> with the size of the string to actually add
+it to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushfail"><code>luaL_pushfail</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_pushfail (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the <b>fail</b> value onto the stack (see <a href="#6">&sect;6</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Finishes the use of buffer <code>B</code> leaving the final string on
+the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresultsize"><code>luaL_pushresultsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to the sequence <a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a>, <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates and returns a <em>reference</em>,
+in the table at index <code>t</code>,
+for the object on the top of the stack (and pops the object).
+
+
+<p>
+A reference is a unique integer key.
+As long as you do not manually add integer keys into the table <code>t</code>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> ensures the uniqueness of the key it returns.
+You can retrieve an object referred by the reference <code>r</code>
+by calling <code>lua_rawgeti(L, t, r)</code>.
+The function <a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> frees a reference.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object on the top of the stack is <b>nil</b>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> returns the constant <a name="pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>.
+The constant <a name="pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> is guaranteed to be different
+from any reference returned by <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Reg {
+  const char *name;
+  lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for arrays of functions to be registered by
+<a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the function name and <code>func</code> is a pointer to
+the function.
+Any array of <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a> must end with a sentinel entry
+in which both <code>name</code> and <code>func</code> are <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_requiref"><code>luaL_requiref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_requiref (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+                    lua_CFunction openf, int glb);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If <code>package.loaded[modname]</code> is not true,
+calls the function <code>openf</code> with the string <code>modname</code> as an argument
+and sets the call result to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>,
+as if that function has been called through <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>glb</code> is true,
+also stores the module into the global <code>modname</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Leaves a copy of the module on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-nup, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Registers all functions in the array <code>l</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a>) into the table on the top of the stack
+(below optional upvalues, see next).
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nup</code> is not zero,
+all functions are created with <code>nup</code> upvalues,
+initialized with copies of the <code>nup</code> values
+previously pushed on the stack
+on top of the library table.
+These values are popped from the stack after the registration.
+
+
+<p>
+A function with a <code>NULL</code> value represents a placeholder,
+which is filled with <b>false</b>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_setmetatable"><code>luaL_setmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_setmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable of the object on the top of the stack
+as the metatable associated with name <code>tname</code>
+in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Stream"><code>luaL_Stream</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Stream {
+  FILE *f;
+  lua_CFunction closef;
+} luaL_Stream;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The standard representation for file handles
+used by the standard I/O library.
+
+
+<p>
+A file handle is implemented as a full userdata,
+with a metatable called <code>LUA_FILEHANDLE</code>
+(where <code>LUA_FILEHANDLE</code> is a macro with the actual metatable's name).
+The metatable is created by the I/O library
+(see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+This userdata must start with the structure <code>luaL_Stream</code>;
+it can contain other data after this initial structure.
+The field <code>f</code> points to the corresponding C stream
+(or it can be <code>NULL</code> to indicate an incompletely created handle).
+The field <code>closef</code> points to a Lua function
+that will be called to close the stream
+when the handle is closed or collected;
+this function receives the file handle as its sole argument and
+must return either a true value, in case of success,
+or a false value plus an error message, in case of error.
+Once Lua calls this field,
+it changes the field value to <code>NULL</code>
+to signal that the handle is closed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_testudata"><code>luaL_testudata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function works like <a href="#luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a>,
+except that, when the test fails,
+it returns <code>NULL</code> instead of raising an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_tolstring"><code>luaL_tolstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts any Lua value at the given index to a C&nbsp;string
+in a reasonable format.
+The resulting string is pushed onto the stack and also
+returned by the function (see <a href="#4.1.3">&sect;4.1.3</a>).
+If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+the function also sets <code>*len</code> with the string length.
+
+
+<p>
+If the value has a metatable with a <code>__tostring</code> field,
+then <code>luaL_tolstring</code> calls the corresponding metamethod
+with the value as argument,
+and uses the result of the call as its result.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_traceback"><code>luaL_traceback</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *msg,
+                     int level);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates and pushes a traceback of the stack <code>L1</code>.
+If <code>msg</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, it is appended
+at the beginning of the traceback.
+The <code>level</code> parameter tells at which level
+to start the traceback.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typeerror"><code>luaL_typeerror</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_typeerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises a type error for the argument <code>arg</code>
+of the C&nbsp;function that called it,
+using a standard message;
+<code>tname</code> is a "name" for the expected type.
+This function never returns.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typename"><code>luaL_typename</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_typename (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type of the value at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, &ndash;]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Releases the reference <code>ref</code> from the table at index <code>t</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>).
+The entry is removed from the table,
+so that the referred object can be collected.
+The reference <code>ref</code> is also freed to be used again.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>ref</code> is <a href="#pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>,
+<a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> does nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int lvl);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a string identifying the current position
+of the control at level <code>lvl</code> in the call stack.
+Typically this string has the following format:
+
+<pre>
+     <em>chunkname</em>:<em>currentline</em>:
+</pre><p>
+Level&nbsp;0 is the running function,
+level&nbsp;1 is the function that called the running function,
+etc.
+
+
+<p>
+This function is used to build a prefix for error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>6 &ndash; <a name="6">The Standard Libraries</a></h1>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The standard Lua libraries provide useful functions
+that are implemented in&nbsp;C through the C&nbsp;API.
+Some of these functions provide essential services to the language
+(e.g., <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a>);
+others provide access to outside services (e.g., I/O);
+and others could be implemented in Lua itself,
+but that for different reasons
+deserve an implementation in C (e.g., <a href="#pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+All libraries are implemented through the official C&nbsp;API
+and are provided as separate C&nbsp;modules.
+Unless otherwise noted,
+these library functions do not adjust its number of arguments
+to its expected parameters.
+For instance, a function documented as <code>foo(arg)</code>
+should not be called without an argument.
+
+
+<p>
+The notation <b>fail</b> means a false value representing
+some kind of failure.
+(Currently, <b>fail</b> is equal to <b>nil</b>,
+but that may change in future versions.
+The recommendation is to always test the success of these functions
+with <code>(not status)</code>, instead of <code>(status == nil)</code>.)
+
+
+<p>
+Currently, Lua has the following standard libraries:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>basic library (<a href="#6.1">&sect;6.1</a>);</li>
+
+<li>coroutine library (<a href="#6.2">&sect;6.2</a>);</li>
+
+<li>package library (<a href="#6.3">&sect;6.3</a>);</li>
+
+<li>string manipulation (<a href="#6.4">&sect;6.4</a>);</li>
+
+<li>basic UTF-8 support (<a href="#6.5">&sect;6.5</a>);</li>
+
+<li>table manipulation (<a href="#6.6">&sect;6.6</a>);</li>
+
+<li>mathematical functions (<a href="#6.7">&sect;6.7</a>) (sin, log, etc.);</li>
+
+<li>input and output (<a href="#6.8">&sect;6.8</a>);</li>
+
+<li>operating system facilities (<a href="#6.9">&sect;6.9</a>);</li>
+
+<li>debug facilities (<a href="#6.10">&sect;6.10</a>).</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+Except for the basic and the package libraries,
+each library provides all its functions as fields of a global table
+or as methods of its objects.
+
+
+<p>
+To have access to these libraries,
+the C&nbsp;host program should call the <a href="#luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a> function,
+which opens all standard libraries.
+Alternatively,
+the host program can open them individually by using
+<a href="#luaL_requiref"><code>luaL_requiref</code></a> to call
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_base"><code>luaopen_base</code></a> (for the basic library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_package"><code>luaopen_package</code></a> (for the package library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_coroutine"><code>luaopen_coroutine</code></a> (for the coroutine library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_string"><code>luaopen_string</code></a> (for the string library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_utf8"><code>luaopen_utf8</code></a> (for the UTF-8 library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_table"><code>luaopen_table</code></a> (for the table library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_math"><code>luaopen_math</code></a> (for the mathematical library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_io"><code>luaopen_io</code></a> (for the I/O library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_os"><code>luaopen_os</code></a> (for the operating system library),
+and <a name="pdf-luaopen_debug"><code>luaopen_debug</code></a> (for the debug library).
+These functions are declared in <a name="pdf-lualib.h"><code>lualib.h</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.1 &ndash; <a name="6.1">Basic Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic library provides core functions to Lua.
+If you do not include this library in your application,
+you should check carefully whether you need to provide
+implementations for some of its facilities.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-assert"><code>assert (v [, message])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Raises an error if
+the value of its argument <code>v</code> is false (i.e., <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b>);
+otherwise, returns all its arguments.
+In case of error,
+<code>message</code> is the error object;
+when absent, it defaults to "<code>assertion failed!</code>"
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage ([opt [, arg]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is a generic interface to the garbage collector.
+It performs different functions according to its first argument, <code>opt</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>collect</code>": </b>
+Performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+This is the default option.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>stop</code>": </b>
+Stops automatic execution of the garbage collector.
+The collector will run only when explicitly invoked,
+until a call to restart it.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>restart</code>": </b>
+Restarts automatic execution of the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>count</code>": </b>
+Returns the total memory in use by Lua in Kbytes.
+The value has a fractional part,
+so that it multiplied by 1024
+gives the exact number of bytes in use by Lua.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>step</code>": </b>
+Performs a garbage-collection step.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>arg</code>.
+With a zero value,
+the collector will perform one basic (indivisible) step.
+For non-zero values,
+the collector will perform as if that amount of memory
+(in Kbytes) had been allocated by Lua.
+Returns <b>true</b> if the step finished a collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>isrunning</code>": </b>
+Returns a boolean that tells whether the collector is running
+(i.e., not stopped).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>incremental</code>": </b>
+Change the collector mode to incremental.
+This option can be followed by three numbers:
+the garbage-collector pause,
+the step multiplier,
+and the step size (see <a href="#2.5.1">&sect;2.5.1</a>).
+A zero means to not change that value.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>generational</code>": </b>
+Change the collector mode to generational.
+This option can be followed by two numbers:
+the garbage-collector minor multiplier
+and the major multiplier (see <a href="#2.5.2">&sect;2.5.2</a>).
+A zero means to not change that value.
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+See <a href="#2.5">&sect;2.5</a> for more details about garbage collection
+and some of these options.
+
+
+<p>
+This function should not be called by a finalizer.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-dofile"><code>dofile ([filename])</code></a></h3>
+Opens the named file and executes its content as a Lua chunk.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>dofile</code> executes the content of the standard input (<code>stdin</code>).
+Returns all values returned by the chunk.
+In case of errors, <code>dofile</code> propagates the error
+to its caller.
+(That is, <code>dofile</code> does not run in protected mode.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-error"><code>error (message [, level])</code></a></h3>
+Raises an error (see <a href="#2.3">&sect;2.3</a>) with <code>message</code> as the error object.
+This function never returns.
+
+
+<p>
+Usually, <code>error</code> adds some information about the error position
+at the beginning of the message, if the message is a string.
+The <code>level</code> argument specifies how to get the error position.
+With level&nbsp;1 (the default), the error position is where the
+<code>error</code> function was called.
+Level&nbsp;2 points the error to where the function
+that called <code>error</code> was called; and so on.
+Passing a level&nbsp;0 avoids the addition of error position information
+to the message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds the global environment (see <a href="#2.2">&sect;2.2</a>).
+Lua itself does not use this variable;
+changing its value does not affect any environment,
+nor vice versa.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>object</code> does not have a metatable, returns <b>nil</b>.
+Otherwise,
+if the object's metatable has a <code>__metatable</code> field,
+returns the associated value.
+Otherwise, returns the metatable of the given object.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns three values (an iterator function, the table <code>t</code>, and 0)
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+     for i,v in ipairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over the key&ndash;value pairs
+(<code>1,t[1]</code>), (<code>2,t[2]</code>), ...,
+up to the first absent index.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-load"><code>load (chunk [, chunkname [, mode [, env]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads a chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>chunk</code> is a string, the chunk is this string.
+If <code>chunk</code> is a function,
+<code>load</code> calls it repeatedly to get the chunk pieces.
+Each call to <code>chunk</code> must return a string that concatenates
+with previous results.
+A return of an empty string, <b>nil</b>, or no value signals the end of the chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+If there are no syntactic errors,
+<code>load</code> returns the compiled chunk as a function;
+otherwise, it returns <b>fail</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+<p>
+When you load a main chunk,
+the resulting function will always have exactly one upvalue,
+the <code>_ENV</code> variable (see <a href="#2.2">&sect;2.2</a>).
+However,
+when you load a binary chunk created from a function (see <a href="#pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump</code></a>),
+the resulting function can have an arbitrary number of upvalues,
+and there is no guarantee that its first upvalue will be
+the <code>_ENV</code> variable.
+(A non-main function may not even have an <code>_ENV</code> upvalue.)
+
+
+<p>
+Regardless, if the resulting function has any upvalues,
+its first upvalue is set to the value of <code>env</code>,
+if that parameter is given,
+or to the value of the global environment.
+Other upvalues are initialized with <b>nil</b>.
+All upvalues are fresh, that is,
+they are not shared with any other function.
+
+
+<p>
+<code>chunkname</code> is used as the name of the chunk for error messages
+and debug information (see <a href="#4.7">&sect;4.7</a>).
+When absent,
+it defaults to <code>chunk</code>, if <code>chunk</code> is a string,
+or to "<code>=(load)</code>" otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+The string <code>mode</code> controls whether the chunk can be text or binary
+(that is, a precompiled chunk).
+It may be the string "<code>b</code>" (only binary chunks),
+"<code>t</code>" (only text chunks),
+or "<code>bt</code>" (both binary and text).
+The default is "<code>bt</code>".
+
+
+<p>
+It is safe to load malformed binary chunks;
+<code>load</code> signals an appropriate error.
+However,
+Lua does not check the consistency of the code inside binary chunks;
+running maliciously crafted bytecode can crash the interpreter.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile ([filename [, mode [, env]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+but gets the chunk from file <code>filename</code>
+or from the standard input,
+if no file name is given.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-next"><code>next (table [, index])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Allows a program to traverse all fields of a table.
+Its first argument is a table and its second argument
+is an index in this table.
+A call to <code>next</code> returns the next index of the table
+and its associated value.
+When called with <b>nil</b> as its second argument,
+<code>next</code> returns an initial index
+and its associated value.
+When called with the last index,
+or with <b>nil</b> in an empty table,
+<code>next</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+If the second argument is absent, then it is interpreted as <b>nil</b>.
+In particular,
+you can use <code>next(t)</code> to check whether a table is empty.
+
+
+<p>
+The order in which the indices are enumerated is not specified,
+<em>even for numeric indices</em>.
+(To traverse a table in numerical order,
+use a numerical <b>for</b>.)
+
+
+<p>
+You should not assign any value to a non-existent field in a table
+during its traversal.
+You may however modify existing fields.
+In particular, you may set existing fields to nil.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pairs"><code>pairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>t</code> has a metamethod <code>__pairs</code>,
+calls it with <code>t</code> as argument and returns the first three
+results from the call.
+
+
+<p>
+Otherwise,
+returns three values: the <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> function, the table <code>t</code>, and <b>nil</b>,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+     for k,v in pairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all key&ndash;value pairs of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+See function <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying
+the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pcall"><code>pcall (f [, arg1, &middot;&middot;&middot;])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls the function <code>f</code> with
+the given arguments in <em>protected mode</em>.
+This means that any error inside&nbsp;<code>f</code> is not propagated;
+instead, <code>pcall</code> catches the error
+and returns a status code.
+Its first result is the status code (a boolean),
+which is <b>true</b> if the call succeeds without errors.
+In such case, <code>pcall</code> also returns all results from the call,
+after this first result.
+In case of any error, <code>pcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error object.
+Note that errors caught by <code>pcall</code> do not call a message handler.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-print"><code>print (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+Receives any number of arguments
+and prints their values to <code>stdout</code>,
+converting each argument to a string
+following the same rules of <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The function <code>print</code> is not intended for formatted output,
+but only as a quick way to show a value,
+for instance for debugging.
+For complete control over the output,
+use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-io.write"><code>io.write</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawequal"><code>rawequal (v1, v2)</code></a></h3>
+Checks whether <code>v1</code> is equal to <code>v2</code>,
+without invoking the <code>__eq</code> metamethod.
+Returns a boolean.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawget"><code>rawget (table, index)</code></a></h3>
+Gets the real value of <code>table[index]</code>,
+without using the <code>__index</code> metavalue.
+<code>table</code> must be a table;
+<code>index</code> may be any value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawlen"><code>rawlen (v)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the length of the object <code>v</code>,
+which must be a table or a string,
+without invoking the <code>__len</code> metamethod.
+Returns an integer.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawset"><code>rawset (table, index, value)</code></a></h3>
+Sets the real value of <code>table[index]</code> to <code>value</code>,
+without using the <code>__newindex</code> metavalue.
+<code>table</code> must be a table,
+<code>index</code> any value different from <b>nil</b> and NaN,
+and <code>value</code> any Lua value.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-select"><code>select (index, &middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>index</code> is a number,
+returns all arguments after argument number <code>index</code>;
+a negative number indexes from the end (-1 is the last argument).
+Otherwise, <code>index</code> must be the string <code>"#"</code>,
+and <code>select</code> returns the total number of extra arguments it received.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable (table, metatable)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given table.
+If <code>metatable</code> is <b>nil</b>,
+removes the metatable of the given table.
+If the original metatable has a <code>__metatable</code> field,
+raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+To change the metatable of other types from Lua code,
+you must use the debug library (<a href="#6.10">&sect;6.10</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber (e [, base])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with no <code>base</code>,
+<code>tonumber</code> tries to convert its argument to a number.
+If the argument is already a number or
+a string convertible to a number,
+then <code>tonumber</code> returns this number;
+otherwise, it returns <b>fail</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+The conversion of strings can result in integers or floats,
+according to the lexical conventions of Lua (see <a href="#3.1">&sect;3.1</a>).
+The string may have leading and trailing spaces and a sign.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <code>base</code>,
+then <code>e</code> must be a string to be interpreted as
+an integer numeral in that base.
+The base may be any integer between 2 and 36, inclusive.
+In bases above&nbsp;10, the letter '<code>A</code>' (in either upper or lower case)
+represents&nbsp;10, '<code>B</code>' represents&nbsp;11, and so forth,
+with '<code>Z</code>' representing 35.
+If the string <code>e</code> is not a valid numeral in the given base,
+the function returns <b>fail</b>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tostring"><code>tostring (v)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Receives a value of any type and
+converts it to a string in a human-readable format.
+
+
+<p>
+If the metatable of <code>v</code> has a <code>__tostring</code> field,
+then <code>tostring</code> calls the corresponding value
+with <code>v</code> as argument,
+and uses the result of the call as its result.
+Otherwise, if the metatable of <code>v</code> has a <code>__name</code> field
+with a string value,
+<code>tostring</code> may use that string in its final result.
+
+
+<p>
+For complete control of how numbers are converted,
+use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-type"><code>type (v)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of its only argument, coded as a string.
+The possible results of this function are
+"<code>nil</code>" (a string, not the value <b>nil</b>),
+"<code>number</code>",
+"<code>string</code>",
+"<code>boolean</code>",
+"<code>table</code>",
+"<code>function</code>",
+"<code>thread</code>",
+and "<code>userdata</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds a string containing the running Lua version.
+The current value of this variable is "<code>Lua 5.4</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-warn"><code>warn (msg1, &middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Emits a warning with a message composed by the concatenation
+of all its arguments (which should be strings).
+
+
+<p>
+By convention,
+a one-piece message starting with '<code>@</code>'
+is intended to be a <em>control message</em>,
+which is a message to the warning system itself.
+In particular, the standard warning function in Lua
+recognizes the control messages "<code>@off</code>",
+to stop the emission of warnings,
+and "<code>@on</code>", to (re)start the emission;
+it ignores unknown control messages.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall (f, msgh [, arg1, &middot;&middot;&middot;])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is similar to <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a>,
+except that it sets a new message handler <code>msgh</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.2 &ndash; <a name="6.2">Coroutine Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library comprises the operations to manipulate coroutines,
+which come inside the table <a name="pdf-coroutine"><code>coroutine</code></a>.
+See <a href="#2.6">&sect;2.6</a> for a general description of coroutines.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.close"><code>coroutine.close (co)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Closes coroutine <code>co</code>,
+that is,
+closes all its pending to-be-closed variables
+and puts the coroutine in a dead state.
+The given coroutine must be dead or suspended.
+In case of error
+(either the original error that stopped the coroutine or
+errors in closing methods),
+returns <b>false</b> plus the error object;
+otherwise returns <b>true</b>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a function.
+Returns this new coroutine,
+an object with type <code>"thread"</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.isyieldable"><code>coroutine.isyieldable ([co])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <b>true</b> when the coroutine <code>co</code> can yield.
+The default for <code>co</code> is the running coroutine.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine is yieldable if it is not the main thread and
+it is not inside a non-yieldable C&nbsp;function.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume (co [, val1, &middot;&middot;&middot;])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Starts or continues the execution of coroutine <code>co</code>.
+The first time you resume a coroutine,
+it starts running its body.
+The values <code>val1</code>, ... are passed
+as the arguments to the body function.
+If the coroutine has yielded,
+<code>resume</code> restarts it;
+the values <code>val1</code>, ... are passed
+as the results from the yield.
+
+
+<p>
+If the coroutine runs without any errors,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>true</b> plus any values passed to <code>yield</code>
+(when the coroutine yields) or any values returned by the body function
+(when the coroutine terminates).
+If there is any error,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.running"><code>coroutine.running ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the running coroutine plus a boolean,
+<b>true</b> when the running coroutine is the main one.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.status"><code>coroutine.status (co)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of the coroutine <code>co</code>, as a string:
+<code>"running"</code>,
+if the coroutine is running
+(that is, it is the one that called <code>status</code>);
+<code>"suspended"</code>, if the coroutine is suspended in a call to <code>yield</code>,
+or if it has not started running yet;
+<code>"normal"</code> if the coroutine is active but not running
+(that is, it has resumed another coroutine);
+and <code>"dead"</code> if the coroutine has finished its body function,
+or if it has stopped with an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>;
+<code>f</code> must be a function.
+Returns a function that resumes the coroutine each time it is called.
+Any arguments passed to this function behave as the
+extra arguments to <code>resume</code>.
+The function returns the same values returned by <code>resume</code>,
+except the first boolean.
+In case of error,
+the function closes the coroutine and propagates the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Suspends the execution of the calling coroutine.
+Any arguments to <code>yield</code> are passed as extra results to <code>resume</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.3 &ndash; <a name="6.3">Modules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The package library provides basic
+facilities for loading modules in Lua.
+It exports one function directly in the global environment:
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+Everything else is exported in the table <a name="pdf-package"><code>package</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-require"><code>require (modname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads the given module.
+The function starts by looking into the <a href="#pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a> table
+to determine whether <code>modname</code> is already loaded.
+If it is, then <code>require</code> returns the value stored
+at <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+(The absence of a second result in this case
+signals that this call did not have to load the module.)
+Otherwise, it tries to find a <em>loader</em> for the module.
+
+
+<p>
+To find a loader,
+<code>require</code> is guided by the table <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a>.
+Each item in this table is a search function,
+that searches for the module in a particular way.
+By changing this table,
+we can change how <code>require</code> looks for a module.
+The following explanation is based on the default configuration
+for <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+First <code>require</code> queries <code>package.preload[modname]</code>.
+If it has a value,
+this value (which must be a function) is the loader.
+Otherwise <code>require</code> searches for a Lua loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+If that also fails, it searches for a C&nbsp;loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+If that also fails,
+it tries an <em>all-in-one</em> loader (see <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Once a loader is found,
+<code>require</code> calls the loader with two arguments:
+<code>modname</code> and an extra value,
+a <em>loader data</em>,
+also returned by the searcher.
+The loader data can be any value useful to the module;
+for the default searchers,
+it indicates where the loader was found.
+(For instance, if the loader came from a file,
+this extra value is the file path.)
+If the loader returns any non-nil value,
+<code>require</code> assigns the returned value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+If the loader does not return a non-nil value and
+has not assigned any value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>,
+then <code>require</code> assigns <b>true</b> to this entry.
+In any case, <code>require</code> returns the
+final value of <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+Besides that value, <code>require</code> also returns as a second result
+the loader data returned by the searcher,
+which indicates how <code>require</code> found the module.
+
+
+<p>
+If there is any error loading or running the module,
+or if it cannot find any loader for the module,
+then <code>require</code> raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.config"><code>package.config</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A string describing some compile-time configurations for packages.
+This string is a sequence of lines:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>The first line is the directory separator string.
+Default is '<code>\</code>' for Windows and '<code>/</code>' for all other systems.</li>
+
+<li>The second line is the character that separates templates in a path.
+Default is '<code>;</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The third line is the string that marks the
+substitution points in a template.
+Default is '<code>?</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The fourth line is a string that, in a path in Windows,
+is replaced by the executable's directory.
+Default is '<code>!</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The fifth line is a mark to ignore all text after it
+when building the <code>luaopen_</code> function name.
+Default is '<code>-</code>'.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A string with the path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>
+to search for a C&nbsp;loader.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes the C&nbsp;path <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a> in the same way
+it initializes the Lua path <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>,
+using the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH_5_4"><code>LUA_CPATH_5_4</code></a>,
+or the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH"><code>LUA_CPATH</code></a>,
+or a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control which
+modules are already loaded.
+When you require a module <code>modname</code> and
+<code>package.loaded[modname]</code> is not false,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> simply returns the value stored there.
+
+
+<p>
+This variable is only a reference to the real table;
+assignments to this variable do not change the
+table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+The real table is stored in the C registry (see <a href="#4.3">&sect;4.3</a>),
+indexed by the key <a name="pdf-LUA_LOADED_TABLE"><code>LUA_LOADED_TABLE</code></a>, a string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib (libname, funcname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Dynamically links the host program with the C&nbsp;library <code>libname</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>funcname</code> is "<code>*</code>",
+then it only links with the library,
+making the symbols exported by the library
+available to other dynamically linked libraries.
+Otherwise,
+it looks for a function <code>funcname</code> inside the library
+and returns this function as a C&nbsp;function.
+So, <code>funcname</code> must follow the <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a> prototype
+(see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+This is a low-level function.
+It completely bypasses the package and module system.
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>,
+it does not perform any path searching and
+does not automatically adds extensions.
+<code>libname</code> must be the complete file name of the C&nbsp;library,
+including if necessary a path and an extension.
+<code>funcname</code> must be the exact name exported by the C&nbsp;library
+(which may depend on the C&nbsp;compiler and linker used).
+
+
+<p>
+This functionality is not supported by ISO&nbsp;C.
+As such, it is only available on some platforms
+(Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, BSD,
+plus other Unix systems that support the <code>dlfcn</code> standard).
+
+
+<p>
+This function is inherently insecure,
+as it allows Lua to call any function in any readable dynamic
+library in the system.
+(Lua calls any function assuming the function
+has a proper prototype and respects a proper protocol
+(see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+Therefore,
+calling an arbitrary function in an arbitrary dynamic library
+more often than not results in an access violation.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A string with the path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>
+to search for a Lua loader.
+
+
+<p>
+At start-up, Lua initializes this variable with
+the value of the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH_5_4"><code>LUA_PATH_5_4</code></a> or
+the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH"><code>LUA_PATH</code></a> or
+with a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>,
+if those environment variables are not defined.
+A "<code>;;</code>" in the value of the environment variable
+is replaced by the default path.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table to store loaders for specific modules
+(see <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+This variable is only a reference to the real table;
+assignments to this variable do not change the
+table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+The real table is stored in the C registry (see <a href="#4.3">&sect;4.3</a>),
+indexed by the key <a name="pdf-LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE"><code>LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE</code></a>, a string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control how to find modules.
+
+
+<p>
+Each entry in this table is a <em>searcher function</em>.
+When looking for a module,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> calls each of these searchers in ascending order,
+with the module name (the argument given to <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>) as its
+sole argument.
+If the searcher finds the module,
+it returns another function, the module <em>loader</em>,
+plus an extra value, a <em>loader data</em>,
+that will be passed to that loader and
+returned as a second result by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+If it cannot find the module,
+it returns a string explaining why
+(or <b>nil</b> if it has nothing to say).
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes this table with four searcher functions.
+
+
+<p>
+The first searcher simply looks for a loader in the
+<a href="#pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a> table.
+
+
+<p>
+The second searcher looks for a loader as a Lua library,
+using the path stored at <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+The search is done as described in function <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The third searcher looks for a loader as a C&nbsp;library,
+using the path given by the variable <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+Again,
+the search is done as described in function <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+For instance,
+if the C&nbsp;path is the string
+
+<pre>
+     "./?.so;./?.dll;/usr/local/?/init.so"
+</pre><p>
+the searcher for module <code>foo</code>
+will try to open the files <code>./foo.so</code>, <code>./foo.dll</code>,
+and <code>/usr/local/foo/init.so</code>, in that order.
+Once it finds a C&nbsp;library,
+this searcher first uses a dynamic link facility to link the
+application with the library.
+Then it tries to find a C&nbsp;function inside the library to
+be used as the loader.
+The name of this C&nbsp;function is the string "<code>luaopen_</code>"
+concatenated with a copy of the module name where each dot
+is replaced by an underscore.
+Moreover, if the module name has a hyphen,
+its suffix after (and including) the first hyphen is removed.
+For instance, if the module name is <code>a.b.c-v2.1</code>,
+the function name will be <code>luaopen_a_b_c</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The fourth searcher tries an <em>all-in-one loader</em>.
+It searches the C&nbsp;path for a library for
+the root name of the given module.
+For instance, when requiring <code>a.b.c</code>,
+it will search for a C&nbsp;library for <code>a</code>.
+If found, it looks into it for an open function for
+the submodule;
+in our example, that would be <code>luaopen_a_b_c</code>.
+With this facility, a package can pack several C&nbsp;submodules
+into one single library,
+with each submodule keeping its original open function.
+
+
+<p>
+All searchers except the first one (preload) return as the extra value
+the file path where the module was found,
+as returned by <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+The first searcher always returns the string "<code>:preload:</code>".
+
+
+<p>
+Searchers should raise no errors and have no side effects in Lua.
+(They may have side effects in C,
+for instance by linking the application with a library.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath (name, path [, sep [, rep]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Searches for the given <code>name</code> in the given <code>path</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+A path is a string containing a sequence of
+<em>templates</em> separated by semicolons.
+For each template,
+the function replaces each interrogation mark (if any)
+in the template with a copy of <code>name</code>
+wherein all occurrences of <code>sep</code>
+(a dot, by default)
+were replaced by <code>rep</code>
+(the system's directory separator, by default),
+and then tries to open the resulting file name.
+
+
+<p>
+For instance, if the path is the string
+
+<pre>
+     "./?.lua;./?.lc;/usr/local/?/init.lua"
+</pre><p>
+the search for the name <code>foo.a</code>
+will try to open the files
+<code>./foo/a.lua</code>, <code>./foo/a.lc</code>, and
+<code>/usr/local/foo/a/init.lua</code>, in that order.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the resulting name of the first file that it can
+open in read mode (after closing the file),
+or <b>fail</b> plus an error message if none succeeds.
+(This error message lists all file names it tried to open.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.4 &ndash; <a name="6.4">String Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This library provides generic functions for string manipulation,
+such as finding and extracting substrings, and pattern matching.
+When indexing a string in Lua, the first character is at position&nbsp;1
+(not at&nbsp;0, as in C).
+Indices are allowed to be negative and are interpreted as indexing backwards,
+from the end of the string.
+Thus, the last character is at position -1, and so on.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library provides all its functions inside the table
+<a name="pdf-string"><code>string</code></a>.
+It also sets a metatable for strings
+where the <code>__index</code> field points to the <code>string</code> table.
+Therefore, you can use the string functions in object-oriented style.
+For instance, <code>string.byte(s,i)</code>
+can be written as <code>s:byte(i)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library assumes one-byte character encodings.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.byte"><code>string.byte (s [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the internal numeric codes of the characters <code>s[i]</code>,
+<code>s[i+1]</code>, ..., <code>s[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>i</code> is&nbsp;1;
+the default value for <code>j</code> is&nbsp;<code>i</code>.
+These indices are corrected
+following the same rules of function <a href="#pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Numeric codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.char"><code>string.char (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+Receives zero or more integers.
+Returns a string with length equal to the number of arguments,
+in which each character has the internal numeric code equal
+to its corresponding argument.
+
+
+<p>
+Numeric codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump (function [, strip])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string containing a binary representation
+(a <em>binary chunk</em>)
+of the given function,
+so that a later <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> on this string returns
+a copy of the function (but with new upvalues).
+If <code>strip</code> is a true value,
+the binary representation may not include all debug information
+about the function,
+to save space.
+
+
+<p>
+Functions with upvalues have only their number of upvalues saved.
+When (re)loaded,
+those upvalues receive fresh instances.
+(See the <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> function for details about
+how these upvalues are initialized.
+You can use the debug library to serialize
+and reload the upvalues of a function
+in a way adequate to your needs.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.find"><code>string.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Looks for the first match of
+<code>pattern</code> (see <a href="#6.4.1">&sect;6.4.1</a>) in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds a match, then <code>find</code> returns the indices of&nbsp;<code>s</code>
+where this occurrence starts and ends;
+otherwise, it returns <b>fail</b>.
+A third, optional numeric argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is&nbsp;1 and can be negative.
+A <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code>
+turns off the pattern matching facilities,
+so the function does a plain "find substring" operation,
+with no characters in <code>pattern</code> being considered magic.
+
+
+<p>
+If the pattern has captures,
+then in a successful match
+the captured values are also returned,
+after the two indices.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.format"><code>string.format (formatstring, &middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a formatted version of its variable number of arguments
+following the description given in its first argument,
+which must be a string.
+The format string follows the same rules as the ISO&nbsp;C function <code>sprintf</code>.
+The only differences are that the conversion specifiers and modifiers
+<code>F</code>, <code>n</code>, <code>*</code>, <code>h</code>, <code>L</code>, and <code>l</code> are not supported
+and that there is an extra specifier, <code>q</code>.
+Both width and precision, when present,
+are limited to two digits.
+
+
+<p>
+The specifier <code>q</code> formats booleans, nil, numbers, and strings
+in a way that the result is a valid constant in Lua source code.
+Booleans and nil are written in the obvious way
+(<code>true</code>, <code>false</code>, <code>nil</code>).
+Floats are written in hexadecimal,
+to preserve full precision.
+A string is written between double quotes,
+using escape sequences when necessary to ensure that
+it can safely be read back by the Lua interpreter.
+For instance, the call
+
+<pre>
+     string.format('%q', 'a string with "quotes" and \n new line')
+</pre><p>
+may produce the string:
+
+<pre>
+     "a string with \"quotes\" and \
+      new line"
+</pre><p>
+This specifier does not support modifiers (flags, width, precision).
+
+
+<p>
+The conversion specifiers
+<code>A</code>, <code>a</code>, <code>E</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>f</code>,
+<code>G</code>, and <code>g</code> all expect a number as argument.
+The specifiers <code>c</code>, <code>d</code>,
+<code>i</code>, <code>o</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>X</code>, and <code>x</code>
+expect an integer.
+When Lua is compiled with a C89 compiler,
+the specifiers <code>A</code> and <code>a</code> (hexadecimal floats)
+do not support modifiers.
+
+
+<p>
+The specifier <code>s</code> expects a string;
+if its argument is not a string,
+it is converted to one following the same rules of <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a>.
+If the specifier has any modifier,
+the corresponding string argument should not contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+<p>
+The specifier <code>p</code> formats the pointer
+returned by <a href="#lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a>.
+That gives a unique string identifier for tables, userdata,
+threads, strings, and functions.
+For other values (numbers, nil, booleans),
+this specifier results in a string representing
+the pointer <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch (s, pattern [, init])</code></a></h3>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns the next captures from <code>pattern</code> (see <a href="#6.4.1">&sect;6.4.1</a>)
+over the string <code>s</code>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is produced in each call.
+A third, optional numeric argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is&nbsp;1 and can be negative.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following loop
+will iterate over all the words from string <code>s</code>,
+printing one per line:
+
+<pre>
+     s = "hello world from Lua"
+     for w in string.gmatch(s, "%a+") do
+       print(w)
+     end
+</pre><p>
+The next example collects all pairs <code>key=value</code> from the
+given string into a table:
+
+<pre>
+     t = {}
+     s = "from=world, to=Lua"
+     for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%w+)=(%w+)") do
+       t[k] = v
+     end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+For this function, a caret '<code>^</code>' at the start of a pattern does not
+work as an anchor, as this would prevent the iteration.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n])</code></a></h3>
+Returns a copy of <code>s</code>
+in which all (or the first <code>n</code>, if given)
+occurrences of the <code>pattern</code> (see <a href="#6.4.1">&sect;6.4.1</a>) have been
+replaced by a replacement string specified by <code>repl</code>,
+which can be a string, a table, or a function.
+<code>gsub</code> also returns, as its second value,
+the total number of matches that occurred.
+The name <code>gsub</code> comes from <em>Global SUBstitution</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a string, then its value is used for replacement.
+The character&nbsp;<code>%</code> works as an escape character:
+any sequence in <code>repl</code> of the form <code>%<em>d</em></code>,
+with <em>d</em> between 1 and 9,
+stands for the value of the <em>d</em>-th captured substring;
+the sequence <code>%0</code> stands for the whole match;
+the sequence <code>%%</code> stands for a single&nbsp;<code>%</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a table, then the table is queried for every match,
+using the first capture as the key.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a function, then this function is called every time a
+match occurs, with all captured substrings passed as arguments,
+in order.
+
+
+<p>
+In any case,
+if the pattern specifies no captures,
+then it behaves as if the whole pattern was inside a capture.
+
+
+<p>
+If the value returned by the table query or by the function call
+is a string or a number,
+then it is used as the replacement string;
+otherwise, if it is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>,
+then there is no replacement
+(that is, the original match is kept in the string).
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+     x = string.gsub("hello world", "(%w+)", "%1 %1")
+     --&gt; x="hello hello world world"
+     
+     x = string.gsub("hello world", "%w+", "%0 %0", 1)
+     --&gt; x="hello hello world"
+     
+     x = string.gsub("hello world from Lua", "(%w+)%s*(%w+)", "%2 %1")
+     --&gt; x="world hello Lua from"
+     
+     x = string.gsub("home = $HOME, user = $USER", "%$(%w+)", os.getenv)
+     --&gt; x="home = /home/roberto, user = roberto"
+     
+     x = string.gsub("4+5 = $return 4+5$", "%$(.-)%$", function (s)
+           return load(s)()
+         end)
+     --&gt; x="4+5 = 9"
+     
+     local t = {name="lua", version="5.4"}
+     x = string.gsub("$name-$version.tar.gz", "%$(%w+)", t)
+     --&gt; x="lua-5.4.tar.gz"
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.len"><code>string.len (s)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Receives a string and returns its length.
+The empty string <code>""</code> has length 0.
+Embedded zeros are counted,
+so <code>"a\000bc\000"</code> has length 5.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.lower"><code>string.lower (s)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+uppercase letters changed to lowercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what an uppercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.match"><code>string.match (s, pattern [, init])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Looks for the first <em>match</em> of
+the <code>pattern</code> (see <a href="#6.4.1">&sect;6.4.1</a>) in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds one, then <code>match</code> returns
+the captures from the pattern;
+otherwise it returns <b>fail</b>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is returned.
+A third, optional numeric argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is&nbsp;1 and can be negative.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.pack"><code>string.pack (fmt, v1, v2, &middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a binary string containing the values <code>v1</code>, <code>v2</code>, etc.
+serialized in binary form (packed)
+according to the format string <code>fmt</code> (see <a href="#6.4.2">&sect;6.4.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.packsize"><code>string.packsize (fmt)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the length of a string resulting from <a href="#pdf-string.pack"><code>string.pack</code></a>
+with the given format.
+The format string cannot have the variable-length options
+'<code>s</code>' or '<code>z</code>' (see <a href="#6.4.2">&sect;6.4.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.rep"><code>string.rep (s, n [, sep])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string that is the concatenation of <code>n</code> copies of
+the string <code>s</code> separated by the string <code>sep</code>.
+The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string
+(that is, no separator).
+Returns the empty string if <code>n</code> is not positive.
+
+
+<p>
+(Note that it is very easy to exhaust the memory of your machine
+with a single call to this function.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.reverse"><code>string.reverse (s)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string that is the string <code>s</code> reversed.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub (s, i [, j])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the substring of <code>s</code> that
+starts at <code>i</code>  and continues until <code>j</code>;
+<code>i</code> and <code>j</code> can be negative.
+If <code>j</code> is absent, then it is assumed to be equal to -1
+(which is the same as the string length).
+In particular,
+the call <code>string.sub(s,1,j)</code> returns a prefix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>j</code>,
+and <code>string.sub(s, -i)</code> (for a positive <code>i</code>)
+returns a suffix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>i</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If, after the translation of negative indices,
+<code>i</code> is less than 1,
+it is corrected to 1.
+If <code>j</code> is greater than the string length,
+it is corrected to that length.
+If, after these corrections,
+<code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>,
+the function returns the empty string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.unpack"><code>string.unpack (fmt, s [, pos])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the values packed in string <code>s</code> (see <a href="#pdf-string.pack"><code>string.pack</code></a>)
+according to the format string <code>fmt</code> (see <a href="#6.4.2">&sect;6.4.2</a>).
+An optional <code>pos</code> marks where
+to start reading in <code>s</code> (default is 1).
+After the read values,
+this function also returns the index of the first unread byte in <code>s</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.upper"><code>string.upper (s)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+lowercase letters changed to uppercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what a lowercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>6.4.1 &ndash; <a name="6.4.1">Patterns</a></h3>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Patterns in Lua are described by regular strings,
+which are interpreted as patterns by the pattern-matching functions
+<a href="#pdf-string.find"><code>string.find</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub</code></a>,
+and <a href="#pdf-string.match"><code>string.match</code></a>.
+This section describes the syntax and the meaning
+(that is, what they match) of these strings.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Character Class:</h4><p>
+A <em>character class</em> is used to represent a set of characters.
+The following combinations are allowed in describing a character class:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><em>x</em>: </b>
+(where <em>x</em> is not one of the <em>magic characters</em>
+<code>^$()%.[]*+-?</code>)
+represents the character <em>x</em> itself.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>.</code>: </b> (a dot) represents all characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%a</code>: </b> represents all letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%c</code>: </b> represents all control characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%d</code>: </b> represents all digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%g</code>: </b> represents all printable characters except space.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%l</code>: </b> represents all lowercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%p</code>: </b> represents all punctuation characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%s</code>: </b> represents all space characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%u</code>: </b> represents all uppercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%w</code>: </b> represents all alphanumeric characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%x</code>: </b> represents all hexadecimal digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%<em>x</em></code>: </b> (where <em>x</em> is any non-alphanumeric character)
+represents the character <em>x</em>.
+This is the standard way to escape the magic characters.
+Any non-alphanumeric character
+(including all punctuation characters, even the non-magical)
+can be preceded by a '<code>%</code>' to represent itself in a pattern.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[<em>set</em>]</code>: </b>
+represents the class which is the union of all
+characters in <em>set</em>.
+A range of characters can be specified by
+separating the end characters of the range,
+in ascending order, with a '<code>-</code>'.
+All classes <code>%</code><em>x</em> described above can also be used as
+components in <em>set</em>.
+All other characters in <em>set</em> represent themselves.
+For example, <code>[%w_]</code> (or <code>[_%w]</code>)
+represents all alphanumeric characters plus the underscore,
+<code>[0-7]</code> represents the octal digits,
+and <code>[0-7%l%-]</code> represents the octal digits plus
+the lowercase letters plus the '<code>-</code>' character.
+
+
+<p>
+You can put a closing square bracket in a set
+by positioning it as the first character in the set.
+You can put a hyphen in a set
+by positioning it as the first or the last character in the set.
+(You can also use an escape for both cases.)
+
+
+<p>
+The interaction between ranges and classes is not defined.
+Therefore, patterns like <code>[%a-z]</code> or <code>[a-%%]</code>
+have no meaning.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[^<em>set</em>]</code>: </b>
+represents the complement of <em>set</em>,
+where <em>set</em> is interpreted as above.
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For all classes represented by single letters (<code>%a</code>, <code>%c</code>, etc.),
+the corresponding uppercase letter represents the complement of the class.
+For instance, <code>%S</code> represents all non-space characters.
+
+
+<p>
+The definitions of letter, space, and other character groups
+depend on the current locale.
+In particular, the class <code>[a-z]</code> may not be equivalent to <code>%l</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern Item:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern item</em> can be
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+a single character class,
+which matches any single character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>*</code>',
+which matches sequences of zero or more characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>+</code>',
+which matches sequences of one or more characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>-</code>',
+which also matches sequences of zero or more characters in the class.
+Unlike '<code>*</code>',
+these repetition items will always match the shortest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>?</code>',
+which matches zero or one occurrence of a character in the class.
+It always matches one occurrence if possible;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%<em>n</em></code>, for <em>n</em> between 1 and 9;
+such item matches a substring equal to the <em>n</em>-th captured string
+(see below);
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%b<em>xy</em></code>, where <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are two distinct characters;
+such item matches strings that start with&nbsp;<em>x</em>, end with&nbsp;<em>y</em>,
+and where the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are <em>balanced</em>.
+This means that, if one reads the string from left to right,
+counting <em>+1</em> for an <em>x</em> and <em>-1</em> for a <em>y</em>,
+the ending <em>y</em> is the first <em>y</em> where the count reaches 0.
+For instance, the item <code>%b()</code> matches expressions with
+balanced parentheses.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%f[<em>set</em>]</code>, a <em>frontier pattern</em>;
+such item matches an empty string at any position such that
+the next character belongs to <em>set</em>
+and the previous character does not belong to <em>set</em>.
+The set <em>set</em> is interpreted as previously described.
+The beginning and the end of the subject are handled as if
+they were the character '<code>\0</code>'.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern</em> is a sequence of pattern items.
+A caret '<code>^</code>' at the beginning of a pattern anchors the match at the
+beginning of the subject string.
+A '<code>$</code>' at the end of a pattern anchors the match at the
+end of the subject string.
+At other positions,
+'<code>^</code>' and '<code>$</code>' have no special meaning and represent themselves.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Captures:</h4><p>
+A pattern can contain sub-patterns enclosed in parentheses;
+they describe <em>captures</em>.
+When a match succeeds, the substrings of the subject string
+that match captures are stored (<em>captured</em>) for future use.
+Captures are numbered according to their left parentheses.
+For instance, in the pattern <code>"(a*(.)%w(%s*))"</code>,
+the part of the string matching <code>"a*(.)%w(%s*)"</code> is
+stored as the first capture, and therefore has number&nbsp;1;
+the character matching "<code>.</code>" is captured with number&nbsp;2,
+and the part matching "<code>%s*</code>" has number&nbsp;3.
+
+
+<p>
+As a special case, the capture <code>()</code> captures
+the current string position (a number).
+For instance, if we apply the pattern <code>"()aa()"</code> on the
+string <code>"flaaap"</code>, there will be two captures: 3&nbsp;and&nbsp;5.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Multiple matches:</h4><p>
+The function <a href="#pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub</code></a> and the iterator <a href="#pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch</code></a>
+match multiple occurrences of the given pattern in the subject.
+For these functions,
+a new match is considered valid only
+if it ends at least one byte after the end of the previous match.
+In other words, the pattern machine never accepts the
+empty string as a match immediately after another match.
+As an example,
+consider the results of the following code:
+
+<pre>
+     &gt; string.gsub("abc", "()a*()", print);
+     --&gt; 1   2
+     --&gt; 3   3
+     --&gt; 4   4
+</pre><p>
+The second and third results come from Lua matching an empty
+string after '<code>b</code>' and another one after '<code>c</code>'.
+Lua does not match an empty string after '<code>a</code>',
+because it would end at the same position of the previous match.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>6.4.2 &ndash; <a name="6.4.2">Format Strings for Pack and Unpack</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The first argument to <a href="#pdf-string.pack"><code>string.pack</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-string.packsize"><code>string.packsize</code></a>, and <a href="#pdf-string.unpack"><code>string.unpack</code></a>
+is a format string,
+which describes the layout of the structure being created or read.
+
+
+<p>
+A format string is a sequence of conversion options.
+The conversion options are as follows:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>&lt;</code>: </b>sets little endian</li>
+<li><b><code>&gt;</code>: </b>sets big endian</li>
+<li><b><code>=</code>: </b>sets native endian</li>
+<li><b><code>![<em>n</em>]</code>: </b>sets maximum alignment to <code>n</code>
+(default is native alignment)</li>
+<li><b><code>b</code>: </b>a signed byte (<code>char</code>)</li>
+<li><b><code>B</code>: </b>an unsigned byte (<code>char</code>)</li>
+<li><b><code>h</code>: </b>a signed <code>short</code> (native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>H</code>: </b>an unsigned <code>short</code> (native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>l</code>: </b>a signed <code>long</code> (native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>L</code>: </b>an unsigned <code>long</code> (native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>j</code>: </b>a <code>lua_Integer</code></li>
+<li><b><code>J</code>: </b>a <code>lua_Unsigned</code></li>
+<li><b><code>T</code>: </b>a <code>size_t</code> (native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>i[<em>n</em>]</code>: </b>a signed <code>int</code> with <code>n</code> bytes
+(default is native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>I[<em>n</em>]</code>: </b>an unsigned <code>int</code> with <code>n</code> bytes
+(default is native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>f</code>: </b>a <code>float</code> (native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>d</code>: </b>a <code>double</code> (native size)</li>
+<li><b><code>n</code>: </b>a <code>lua_Number</code></li>
+<li><b><code>c<em>n</em></code>: </b>a fixed-sized string with <code>n</code> bytes</li>
+<li><b><code>z</code>: </b>a zero-terminated string</li>
+<li><b><code>s[<em>n</em>]</code>: </b>a string preceded by its length
+coded as an unsigned integer with <code>n</code> bytes
+(default is a <code>size_t</code>)</li>
+<li><b><code>x</code>: </b>one byte of padding</li>
+<li><b><code>X<em>op</em></code>: </b>an empty item that aligns
+according to option <code>op</code>
+(which is otherwise ignored)</li>
+<li><b>'<code> </code>': </b>(space) ignored</li>
+</ul><p>
+(A "<code>[<em>n</em>]</code>" means an optional integral numeral.)
+Except for padding, spaces, and configurations
+(options "<code>xX &lt;=&gt;!</code>"),
+each option corresponds to an argument in <a href="#pdf-string.pack"><code>string.pack</code></a>
+or a result in <a href="#pdf-string.unpack"><code>string.unpack</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+For options "<code>!<em>n</em></code>", "<code>s<em>n</em></code>", "<code>i<em>n</em></code>", and "<code>I<em>n</em></code>",
+<code>n</code> can be any integer between 1 and 16.
+All integral options check overflows;
+<a href="#pdf-string.pack"><code>string.pack</code></a> checks whether the given value fits in the given size;
+<a href="#pdf-string.unpack"><code>string.unpack</code></a> checks whether the read value fits in a Lua integer.
+For the unsigned options,
+Lua integers are treated as unsigned values too.
+
+
+<p>
+Any format string starts as if prefixed by "<code>!1=</code>",
+that is,
+with maximum alignment of 1 (no alignment)
+and native endianness.
+
+
+<p>
+Native endianness assumes that the whole system is
+either big or little endian.
+The packing functions will not emulate correctly the behavior
+of mixed-endian formats.
+
+
+<p>
+Alignment works as follows:
+For each option,
+the format gets extra padding until the data starts
+at an offset that is a multiple of the minimum between the
+option size and the maximum alignment;
+this minimum must be a power of 2.
+Options "<code>c</code>" and "<code>z</code>" are not aligned;
+option "<code>s</code>" follows the alignment of its starting integer.
+
+
+<p>
+All padding is filled with zeros by <a href="#pdf-string.pack"><code>string.pack</code></a>
+and ignored by <a href="#pdf-string.unpack"><code>string.unpack</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.5 &ndash; <a name="6.5">UTF-8 Support</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides basic support for UTF-8 encoding.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-utf8"><code>utf8</code></a>.
+This library does not provide any support for Unicode other
+than the handling of the encoding.
+Any operation that needs the meaning of a character,
+such as character classification, is outside its scope.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless stated otherwise,
+all functions that expect a byte position as a parameter
+assume that the given position is either the start of a byte sequence
+or one plus the length of the subject string.
+As in the string library,
+negative indices count from the end of the string.
+
+
+<p>
+Functions that create byte sequences
+accept all values up to <code>0x7FFFFFFF</code>,
+as defined in the original UTF-8 specification;
+that implies byte sequences of up to six bytes.
+
+
+<p>
+Functions that interpret byte sequences only accept
+valid sequences (well formed and not overlong).
+By default, they only accept byte sequences
+that result in valid Unicode code points,
+rejecting values greater than <code>10FFFF</code> and surrogates.
+A boolean argument <code>lax</code>, when available,
+lifts these checks,
+so that all values up to <code>0x7FFFFFFF</code> are accepted.
+(Not well formed and overlong sequences are still rejected.)
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-utf8.char"><code>utf8.char (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Receives zero or more integers,
+converts each one to its corresponding UTF-8 byte sequence
+and returns a string with the concatenation of all these sequences.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-utf8.charpattern"><code>utf8.charpattern</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The pattern (a string, not a function) "<code>[\0-\x7F\xC2-\xFD][\x80-\xBF]*</code>"
+(see <a href="#6.4.1">&sect;6.4.1</a>),
+which matches exactly one UTF-8 byte sequence,
+assuming that the subject is a valid UTF-8 string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-utf8.codes"><code>utf8.codes (s [, lax])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns values so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+     for p, c in utf8.codes(s) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all UTF-8 characters in string <code>s</code>,
+with <code>p</code> being the position (in bytes) and <code>c</code> the code point
+of each character.
+It raises an error if it meets any invalid byte sequence.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-utf8.codepoint"><code>utf8.codepoint (s [, i [, j [, lax]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the code points (as integers) from all characters in <code>s</code>
+that start between byte position <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> (both included).
+The default for <code>i</code> is 1 and for <code>j</code> is <code>i</code>.
+It raises an error if it meets any invalid byte sequence.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-utf8.len"><code>utf8.len (s [, i [, j [, lax]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number of UTF-8 characters in string <code>s</code>
+that start between positions <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> (both inclusive).
+The default for <code>i</code> is 1 and for <code>j</code> is -1.
+If it finds any invalid byte sequence,
+returns <b>fail</b> plus the position of the first invalid byte.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-utf8.offset"><code>utf8.offset (s, n [, i])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the position (in bytes) where the encoding of the
+<code>n</code>-th character of <code>s</code>
+(counting from position <code>i</code>) starts.
+A negative <code>n</code> gets characters before position <code>i</code>.
+The default for <code>i</code> is 1 when <code>n</code> is non-negative
+and <code>#s + 1</code> otherwise,
+so that <code>utf8.offset(s, -n)</code> gets the offset of the
+<code>n</code>-th character from the end of the string.
+If the specified character is neither in the subject
+nor right after its end,
+the function returns <b>fail</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+As a special case,
+when <code>n</code> is 0 the function returns the start of the encoding
+of the character that contains the <code>i</code>-th byte of <code>s</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function assumes that <code>s</code> is a valid UTF-8 string.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.6 &ndash; <a name="6.6">Table Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides generic functions for table manipulation.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-table"><code>table</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Remember that, whenever an operation needs the length of a table,
+all caveats about the length operator apply (see <a href="#3.4.7">&sect;3.4.7</a>).
+All functions ignore non-numeric keys
+in the tables given as arguments.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.concat"><code>table.concat (list [, sep [, i [, j]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Given a list where all elements are strings or numbers,
+returns the string <code>list[i]..sep..list[i+1] &middot;&middot;&middot; sep..list[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string,
+the default for <code>i</code> is 1,
+and the default for <code>j</code> is <code>#list</code>.
+If <code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>, returns the empty string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.insert"><code>table.insert (list, [pos,] value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Inserts element <code>value</code> at position <code>pos</code> in <code>list</code>,
+shifting up the elements
+<code>list[pos], list[pos+1], &middot;&middot;&middot;, list[#list]</code>.
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>#list+1</code>,
+so that a call <code>table.insert(t,x)</code> inserts <code>x</code> at the end
+of the list <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.move"><code>table.move (a1, f, e, t [,a2])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Moves elements from the table <code>a1</code> to the table <code>a2</code>,
+performing the equivalent to the following
+multiple assignment:
+<code>a2[t],&middot;&middot;&middot; = a1[f],&middot;&middot;&middot;,a1[e]</code>.
+The default for <code>a2</code> is <code>a1</code>.
+The destination range can overlap with the source range.
+The number of elements to be moved must fit in a Lua integer.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the destination table <code>a2</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.pack"><code>table.pack (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a new table with all arguments stored into keys 1, 2, etc.
+and with a field "<code>n</code>" with the total number of arguments.
+Note that the resulting table may not be a sequence,
+if some arguments are <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.remove"><code>table.remove (list [, pos])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Removes from <code>list</code> the element at position <code>pos</code>,
+returning the value of the removed element.
+When <code>pos</code> is an integer between 1 and <code>#list</code>,
+it shifts down the elements
+<code>list[pos+1], list[pos+2], &middot;&middot;&middot;, list[#list]</code>
+and erases element <code>list[#list]</code>;
+The index <code>pos</code> can also be 0 when <code>#list</code> is 0,
+or <code>#list + 1</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>#list</code>,
+so that a call <code>table.remove(l)</code> removes the last element
+of the list <code>l</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort (list [, comp])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sorts the list elements in a given order, <em>in-place</em>,
+from <code>list[1]</code> to <code>list[#list]</code>.
+If <code>comp</code> is given,
+then it must be a function that receives two list elements
+and returns true when the first element must come
+before the second in the final order,
+so that, after the sort,
+<code>i &lt;= j</code> implies <code>not comp(list[j],list[i])</code>.
+If <code>comp</code> is not given,
+then the standard Lua operator <code>&lt;</code> is used instead.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>comp</code> function must define a consistent order;
+more formally, the function must define a strict weak order.
+(A weak order is similar to a total order,
+but it can equate different elements for comparison purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+The sort algorithm is not stable:
+Different elements considered equal by the given order
+may have their relative positions changed by the sort.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.unpack"><code>table.unpack (list [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the elements from the given list.
+This function is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+     return list[i], list[i+1], &middot;&middot;&middot;, list[j]
+</pre><p>
+By default, <code>i</code> is&nbsp;1 and <code>j</code> is <code>#list</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.7 &ndash; <a name="6.7">Mathematical Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides basic mathematical functions.
+It provides all its functions and constants inside the table <a name="pdf-math"><code>math</code></a>.
+Functions with the annotation "<code>integer/float</code>" give
+integer results for integer arguments
+and float results for non-integer arguments.
+The rounding functions
+<a href="#pdf-math.ceil"><code>math.ceil</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-math.floor"><code>math.floor</code></a>, and <a href="#pdf-math.modf"><code>math.modf</code></a>
+return an integer when the result fits in the range of an integer,
+or a float otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.abs"><code>math.abs (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the maximum value between <code>x</code> and <code>-x</code>. (integer/float)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.acos"><code>math.acos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc cosine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.asin"><code>math.asin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc sine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan"><code>math.atan (y [, x])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+ 
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>y/x</code> (in radians),
+using the signs of both arguments to find the
+quadrant of the result.
+It also handles correctly the case of <code>x</code> being zero.
+
+
+<p>
+The default value for <code>x</code> is 1,
+so that the call <code>math.atan(y)</code>
+returns the arc tangent of <code>y</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ceil"><code>math.ceil (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the smallest integral value greater than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cos"><code>math.cos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the cosine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.deg"><code>math.deg (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Converts the angle <code>x</code> from radians to degrees.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.exp"><code>math.exp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value <em>e<sup>x</sup></em>
+(where <code>e</code> is the base of natural logarithms).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.floor"><code>math.floor (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the largest integral value less than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the remainder of the division of <code>x</code> by <code>y</code>
+that rounds the quotient towards zero. (integer/float)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.huge"><code>math.huge</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The float value <code>HUGE_VAL</code>,
+a value greater than any other numeric value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log"><code>math.log (x [, base])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the logarithm of <code>x</code> in the given base.
+The default for <code>base</code> is <em>e</em>
+(so that the function returns the natural logarithm of <code>x</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.max"><code>math.max (x, &middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the argument with the maximum value,
+according to the Lua operator <code>&lt;</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.maxinteger"><code>math.maxinteger</code></a></h3>
+An integer with the maximum value for an integer.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.min"><code>math.min (x, &middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the argument with the minimum value,
+according to the Lua operator <code>&lt;</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.mininteger"><code>math.mininteger</code></a></h3>
+An integer with the minimum value for an integer.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.modf"><code>math.modf (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the integral part of <code>x</code> and the fractional part of <code>x</code>.
+Its second result is always a float.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pi"><code>math.pi</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <em>&pi;</em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.rad"><code>math.rad (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Converts the angle <code>x</code> from degrees to radians.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.random"><code>math.random ([m [, n]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+returns a pseudo-random float with uniform distribution
+in the range  <em>[0,1)</em>.  
+When called with two integers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns a pseudo-random integer
+with uniform distribution in the range <em>[m, n]</em>.
+The call <code>math.random(n)</code>, for a positive <code>n</code>,
+is equivalent to <code>math.random(1,n)</code>.
+The call <code>math.random(0)</code> produces an integer with
+all bits (pseudo)random.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses the <code>xoshiro256**</code> algorithm to produce
+pseudo-random 64-bit integers,
+which are the results of calls with argument&nbsp;0.
+Other results (ranges and floats)
+are unbiased extracted from these integers.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes its pseudo-random generator with the equivalent of
+a call to <a href="#pdf-math.randomseed"><code>math.randomseed</code></a> with no arguments,
+so that <code>math.random</code> should generate
+different sequences of results each time the program runs.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.randomseed"><code>math.randomseed ([x [, y]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with at least one argument,
+the integer parameters <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> are
+joined into a 128-bit <em>seed</em> that
+is used to reinitialize the pseudo-random generator;
+equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers.
+The default for <code>y</code> is zero.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with no arguments,
+Lua generates a seed with
+a weak attempt for randomness.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the two seed components
+that were effectively used,
+so that setting them again repeats the sequence.
+
+
+<p>
+To ensure a required level of randomness to the initial state
+(or contrarily, to have a deterministic sequence,
+for instance when debugging a program),
+you should call <a href="#pdf-math.randomseed"><code>math.randomseed</code></a> with explicit arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sin"><code>math.sin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the sine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sqrt"><code>math.sqrt (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the square root of <code>x</code>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^0.5</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tan"><code>math.tan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the tangent of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tointeger"><code>math.tointeger (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If the value <code>x</code> is convertible to an integer,
+returns that integer.
+Otherwise, returns <b>fail</b>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.type"><code>math.type (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns "<code>integer</code>" if <code>x</code> is an integer,
+"<code>float</code>" if it is a float,
+or <b>fail</b> if <code>x</code> is not a number.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ult"><code>math.ult (m, n)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a boolean,
+<b>true</b> if and only if integer <code>m</code> is below integer <code>n</code> when
+they are compared as unsigned integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.8 &ndash; <a name="6.8">Input and Output Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The I/O library provides two different styles for file manipulation.
+The first one uses implicit file handles;
+that is, there are operations to set a default input file and a
+default output file,
+and all input/output operations are done over these default files.
+The second style uses explicit file handles.
+
+
+<p>
+When using implicit file handles,
+all operations are supplied by table <a name="pdf-io"><code>io</code></a>.
+When using explicit file handles,
+the operation <a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a> returns a file handle
+and then all operations are supplied as methods of the file handle.
+
+
+<p>
+The metatable for file handles provides metamethods
+for <code>__gc</code> and <code>__close</code> that try
+to close the file when called.
+
+
+<p>
+The table <code>io</code> also provides
+three predefined file handles with their usual meanings from C:
+<a name="pdf-io.stdin"><code>io.stdin</code></a>, <a name="pdf-io.stdout"><code>io.stdout</code></a>, and <a name="pdf-io.stderr"><code>io.stderr</code></a>.
+The I/O library never closes these files.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise stated,
+all I/O functions return <b>fail</b> on failure,
+plus an error message as a second result and
+a system-dependent error code as a third result,
+and some non-false value on success.
+On non-POSIX systems,
+the computation of the error message and error code
+in case of errors
+may be not thread safe,
+because they rely on the global C variable <code>errno</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.close"><code>io.close ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>file:close()</code>.
+Without a <code>file</code>, closes the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.output():flush()</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.input"><code>io.input ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with a file name, it opens the named file (in text mode),
+and sets its handle as the default input file.
+When called with a file handle,
+it simply sets this file handle as the default input file.
+When called without arguments,
+it returns the current default input file.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines ([filename, &middot;&middot;&middot;])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Opens the given file name in read mode
+and returns an iterator function that
+works like <code>file:lines(&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code> over the opened file.
+When the iterator function fails to read any value,
+it automatically closes the file.
+Besides the iterator function,
+<code>io.lines</code> returns three other values:
+two <b>nil</b> values as placeholders,
+plus the created file handle.
+Therefore, when used in a generic <b>for</b> loop,
+the file is closed also if the loop is interrupted by an
+error or a <b>break</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+The call <code>io.lines()</code> (with no file name) is equivalent
+to <code>io.input():lines("l")</code>;
+that is, it iterates over the lines of the default input file.
+In this case, the iterator does not close the file when the loop ends.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors opening the file,
+this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.open"><code>io.open (filename [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function opens a file,
+in the mode specified in the string <code>mode</code>.
+In case of success,
+it returns a new file handle.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can be any of the following:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"<code>r</code>": </b> read mode (the default);</li>
+<li><b>"<code>w</code>": </b> write mode;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>a</code>": </b> append mode;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>r+</code>": </b> update mode, all previous data is preserved;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>w+</code>": </b> update mode, all previous data is erased;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>a+</code>": </b> append update mode, previous data is preserved,
+  writing is only allowed at the end of file.</li>
+</ul><p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can also have a '<code>b</code>' at the end,
+which is needed in some systems to open the file in binary mode.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.output"><code>io.output ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-io.input"><code>io.input</code></a>, but operates over the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen (prog [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is system dependent and is not available
+on all platforms.
+
+
+<p>
+Starts the program <code>prog</code> in a separated process and returns
+a file handle that you can use to read data from this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"r"</code>, the default)
+or to write data to this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"w"</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.read"><code>io.read (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.input():read(&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+In case of success,
+returns a handle for a temporary file.
+This file is opened in update mode
+and it is automatically removed when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.type"><code>io.type (obj)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>obj</code> is a valid file handle.
+Returns the string <code>"file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is an open file handle,
+<code>"closed file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is a closed file handle,
+or <b>fail</b> if <code>obj</code> is not a file handle.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.write"><code>io.write (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.output():write(&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:close"><code>file:close ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Closes <code>file</code>.
+Note that files are automatically closed when
+their handles are garbage collected,
+but that takes an unpredictable amount of time to happen.
+
+
+<p>
+When closing a file handle created with <a href="#pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-file:close"><code>file:close</code></a> returns the same values
+returned by <a href="#pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:flush"><code>file:flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Saves any written data to <code>file</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:lines"><code>file:lines (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+reads the file according to the given formats.
+When no format is given,
+uses "<code>l</code>" as a default.
+As an example, the construction
+
+<pre>
+     for c in file:lines(1) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all characters of the file,
+starting at the current position.
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines</code></a>, this function does not close the file
+when the loop ends.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:read"><code>file:read (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Reads the file <code>file</code>,
+according to the given formats, which specify what to read.
+For each format,
+the function returns a string or a number with the characters read,
+or <b>fail</b> if it cannot read data with the specified format.
+(In this latter case,
+the function does not read subsequent formats.)
+When called without arguments,
+it uses a default format that reads the next line
+(see below).
+
+
+<p>
+The available formats are
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>n</code>": </b>
+reads a numeral and returns it as a float or an integer,
+following the lexical conventions of Lua.
+(The numeral may have leading whitespaces and a sign.)
+This format always reads the longest input sequence that
+is a valid prefix for a numeral;
+if that prefix does not form a valid numeral
+(e.g., an empty string, "<code>0x</code>", or "<code>3.4e-</code>")
+or it is too long (more than 200 characters),
+it is discarded and the format returns <b>fail</b>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>a</code>": </b>
+reads the whole file, starting at the current position.
+On end of file, it returns the empty string;
+this format never fails.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>l</code>": </b>
+reads the next line skipping the end of line,
+returning <b>fail</b> on end of file.
+This is the default format.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>L</code>": </b>
+reads the next line keeping the end-of-line character (if present),
+returning <b>fail</b> on end of file.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><em>number</em>: </b>
+reads a string with up to this number of bytes,
+returning <b>fail</b> on end of file.
+If <code>number</code> is zero,
+it reads nothing and returns an empty string,
+or <b>fail</b> on end of file.
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+The formats "<code>l</code>" and "<code>L</code>" should be used only for text files.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek ([whence [, offset]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets and gets the file position,
+measured from the beginning of the file,
+to the position given by <code>offset</code> plus a base
+specified by the string <code>whence</code>, as follows:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"<code>set</code>": </b> base is position 0 (beginning of the file);</li>
+<li><b>"<code>cur</code>": </b> base is current position;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>end</code>": </b> base is end of file;</li>
+</ul><p>
+In case of success, <code>seek</code> returns the final file position,
+measured in bytes from the beginning of the file.
+If <code>seek</code> fails, it returns <b>fail</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+<p>
+The default value for <code>whence</code> is <code>"cur"</code>,
+and for <code>offset</code> is 0.
+Therefore, the call <code>file:seek()</code> returns the current
+file position, without changing it;
+the call <code>file:seek("set")</code> sets the position to the
+beginning of the file (and returns 0);
+and the call <code>file:seek("end")</code> sets the position to the
+end of the file, and returns its size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:setvbuf"><code>file:setvbuf (mode [, size])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the buffering mode for a file.
+There are three available modes:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"<code>no</code>": </b> no buffering.</li>
+<li><b>"<code>full</code>": </b> full buffering.</li>
+<li><b>"<code>line</code>": </b> line buffering.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+For the last two cases,
+<code>size</code> is a hint for the size of the buffer, in bytes.
+The default is an appropriate size.
+
+
+<p>
+The specific behavior of each mode is non portable;
+check the underlying ISO&nbsp;C function <code>setvbuf</code> in your platform for
+more details.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:write"><code>file:write (&middot;&middot;&middot;)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Writes the value of each of its arguments to <code>file</code>.
+The arguments must be strings or numbers.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of success, this function returns <code>file</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.9 &ndash; <a name="6.9">Operating System Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is implemented through table <a name="pdf-os"><code>os</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.clock"><code>os.clock ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an approximation of the amount in seconds of CPU time
+used by the program,
+as returned by the underlying ISO&nbsp;C function <code>clock</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.date"><code>os.date ([format [, time]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string or a table containing date and time,
+formatted according to the given string <code>format</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the <code>time</code> argument is present,
+this is the time to be formatted
+(see the <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a> function for a description of this value).
+Otherwise, <code>date</code> formats the current time.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> starts with '<code>!</code>',
+then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time.
+After this optional character,
+if <code>format</code> is the string "<code>*t</code>",
+then <code>date</code> returns a table with the following fields:
+<code>year</code>, <code>month</code> (1&ndash;12), <code>day</code> (1&ndash;31),
+<code>hour</code> (0&ndash;23), <code>min</code> (0&ndash;59),
+<code>sec</code> (0&ndash;61, due to leap seconds),
+<code>wday</code> (weekday, 1&ndash;7, Sunday is&nbsp;1),
+<code>yday</code> (day of the year, 1&ndash;366),
+and <code>isdst</code> (daylight saving flag, a boolean).
+This last field may be absent
+if the information is not available.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> is not "<code>*t</code>",
+then <code>date</code> returns the date as a string,
+formatted according to the same rules as the ISO&nbsp;C function <code>strftime</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> is absent, it defaults to "<code>%c</code>",
+which gives a human-readable date and time representation
+using the current locale.
+
+
+<p>
+On non-POSIX systems,
+this function may be not thread safe
+because of its reliance on C&nbsp;function <code>gmtime</code> and C&nbsp;function <code>localtime</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime (t2, t1)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the difference, in seconds,
+from time <code>t1</code> to time <code>t2</code>
+(where the times are values returned by <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a>).
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems,
+this value is exactly <code>t2</code><em>-</em><code>t1</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute ([command])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is equivalent to the ISO&nbsp;C function <code>system</code>.
+It passes <code>command</code> to be executed by an operating system shell.
+Its first result is <b>true</b>
+if the command terminated successfully,
+or <b>fail</b> otherwise.
+After this first result
+the function returns a string plus a number,
+as follows:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>exit</code>": </b>
+the command terminated normally;
+the following number is the exit status of the command.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>signal</code>": </b>
+the command was terminated by a signal;
+the following number is the signal that terminated the command.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+When called without a <code>command</code>,
+<code>os.execute</code> returns a boolean that is true if a shell is available.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit ([code [, close]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls the ISO&nbsp;C function <code>exit</code> to terminate the host program.
+If <code>code</code> is <b>true</b>,
+the returned status is <code>EXIT_SUCCESS</code>;
+if <code>code</code> is <b>false</b>,
+the returned status is <code>EXIT_FAILURE</code>;
+if <code>code</code> is a number,
+the returned status is this number.
+The default value for <code>code</code> is <b>true</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the optional second argument <code>close</code> is true,
+the function closes the Lua state before exiting (see <a href="#lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.getenv"><code>os.getenv (varname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value of the process environment variable <code>varname</code>
+or <b>fail</b> if the variable is not defined.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.remove"><code>os.remove (filename)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Deletes the file (or empty directory, on POSIX systems)
+with the given name.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>fail</b>
+plus a string describing the error and the error code.
+Otherwise, it returns true.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename (oldname, newname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Renames the file or directory named <code>oldname</code> to <code>newname</code>.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>fail</b>,
+plus a string describing the error and the error code.
+Otherwise, it returns true.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.setlocale"><code>os.setlocale (locale [, category])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the current locale of the program.
+<code>locale</code> is a system-dependent string specifying a locale;
+<code>category</code> is an optional string describing which category to change:
+<code>"all"</code>, <code>"collate"</code>, <code>"ctype"</code>,
+<code>"monetary"</code>, <code>"numeric"</code>, or <code>"time"</code>;
+the default category is <code>"all"</code>.
+The function returns the name of the new locale,
+or <b>fail</b> if the request cannot be honored.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>locale</code> is the empty string,
+the current locale is set to an implementation-defined native locale.
+If <code>locale</code> is the string "<code>C</code>",
+the current locale is set to the standard C locale.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <b>nil</b> as the first argument,
+this function only returns the name of the current locale
+for the given category.
+
+
+<p>
+This function may be not thread safe
+because of its reliance on C&nbsp;function <code>setlocale</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.time"><code>os.time ([table])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current time when called without arguments,
+or a time representing the local date and time specified by the given table.
+This table must have fields <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, and <code>day</code>,
+and may have fields
+<code>hour</code> (default is 12),
+<code>min</code> (default is 0),
+<code>sec</code> (default is 0),
+and <code>isdst</code> (default is <b>nil</b>).
+Other fields are ignored.
+For a description of these fields, see the <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> function.
+
+
+<p>
+When the function is called,
+the values in these fields do not need to be inside their valid ranges.
+For instance, if <code>sec</code> is -10,
+it means 10 seconds before the time specified by the other fields;
+if <code>hour</code> is 1000,
+it means 1000 hours after the time specified by the other fields.
+
+
+<p>
+The returned value is a number, whose meaning depends on your system.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems,
+this number counts the number
+of seconds since some given start time (the "epoch").
+In other systems, the meaning is not specified,
+and the number returned by <code>time</code> can be used only as an argument to
+<a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with a table,
+<code>os.time</code> also normalizes all the fields
+documented in the <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> function,
+so that they represent the same time as before the call
+but with values inside their valid ranges.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.tmpname"><code>os.tmpname ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string with a file name that can
+be used for a temporary file.
+The file must be explicitly opened before its use
+and explicitly removed when no longer needed.
+
+
+<p>
+In POSIX systems,
+this function also creates a file with that name,
+to avoid security risks.
+(Someone else might create the file with wrong permissions
+in the time between getting the name and creating the file.)
+You still have to open the file to use it
+and to remove it (even if you do not use it).
+
+
+<p>
+When possible,
+you may prefer to use <a href="#pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile</code></a>,
+which automatically removes the file when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.10 &ndash; <a name="6.10">The Debug Library</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides
+the functionality of the debug interface (<a href="#4.7">&sect;4.7</a>) to Lua programs.
+You should exert care when using this library.
+Several of its functions
+violate basic assumptions about Lua code
+(e.g., that variables local to a function
+cannot be accessed from outside;
+that userdata metatables cannot be changed by Lua code;
+that Lua programs do not crash)
+and therefore can compromise otherwise secure code.
+Moreover, some functions in this library may be slow.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in this library are provided
+inside the <a name="pdf-debug"><code>debug</code></a> table.
+All functions that operate over a thread
+have an optional first argument which is the
+thread to operate over.
+The default is always the current thread.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.debug"><code>debug.debug ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Enters an interactive mode with the user,
+running each string that the user enters.
+Using simple commands and other debug facilities,
+the user can inspect global and local variables,
+change their values, evaluate expressions, and so on.
+A line containing only the word <code>cont</code> finishes this function,
+so that the caller continues its execution.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that commands for <code>debug.debug</code> are not lexically nested
+within any function and so have no direct access to local variables.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.gethook"><code>debug.gethook ([thread])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook settings of the thread, as three values:
+the current hook function, the current hook mask,
+and the current hook count,
+as set by the <a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> function.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <b>fail</b> if there is no active hook.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo ([thread,] f [, what])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a table with information about a function.
+You can give the function directly
+or you can give a number as the value of <code>f</code>,
+which means the function running at level <code>f</code> of the call stack
+of the given thread:
+level&nbsp;0 is the current function (<code>getinfo</code> itself);
+level&nbsp;1 is the function that called <code>getinfo</code>
+(except for tail calls, which do not count in the stack);
+and so on.
+If <code>f</code> is a number greater than the number of active functions,
+then <code>getinfo</code> returns <b>fail</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+The returned table can contain all the fields returned by <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>,
+with the string <code>what</code> describing which fields to fill in.
+The default for <code>what</code> is to get all information available,
+except the table of valid lines.
+If present,
+the option '<code>f</code>'
+adds a field named <code>func</code> with the function itself.
+If present,
+the option '<code>L</code>'
+adds a field named <code>activelines</code> with the table of
+valid lines.
+
+
+<p>
+For instance, the expression <code>debug.getinfo(1,"n").name</code> returns
+a name for the current function,
+if a reasonable name can be found,
+and the expression <code>debug.getinfo(print)</code>
+returns a table with all available information
+about the <a href="#pdf-print"><code>print</code></a> function.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal ([thread,] f, local)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>f</code> of the stack.
+This function accesses not only explicit local variables,
+but also parameters and temporary values.
+
+
+<p>
+The first parameter or local variable has index&nbsp;1, and so on,
+following the order that they are declared in the code,
+counting only the variables that are active
+in the current scope of the function.
+Compile-time constants may not appear in this listing,
+if they were optimized away by the compiler.
+Negative indices refer to vararg arguments;
+-1 is the first vararg argument.
+The function returns <b>fail</b>
+if there is no variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a level out of range.
+(You can call <a href="#pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo</code></a> to check whether the level is valid.)
+
+
+<p>
+Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parenthesis) 
+represent variables with no known names
+(internal variables such as loop control variables,
+and variables from chunks saved without debug information).
+
+
+<p>
+The parameter <code>f</code> may also be a function.
+In that case, <code>getlocal</code> returns only the name of function parameters.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getmetatable"><code>debug.getmetatable (value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the metatable of the given <code>value</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if it does not have a metatable.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getregistry"><code>debug.getregistry ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the registry table (see <a href="#4.3">&sect;4.3</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue (f, up)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>f</code>.
+The function returns <b>fail</b>
+if there is no upvalue with the given index.
+
+
+<p>
+(For Lua functions,
+upvalues are the external local variables that the function uses,
+and that are consequently included in its closure.)
+
+
+<p>
+For C&nbsp;functions, this function uses the empty string <code>""</code>
+as a name for all upvalues.
+
+
+<p>
+Variable name '<code>?</code>' (interrogation mark)
+represents variables with no known names
+(variables from chunks saved without debug information).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getuservalue"><code>debug.getuservalue (u, n)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the <code>n</code>-th user value associated
+to the userdata <code>u</code> plus a boolean,
+<b>false</b> if the userdata does not have that value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the given function as the debug hook.
+The string <code>mask</code> and the number <code>count</code> describe
+when the hook will be called.
+The string mask may have any combination of the following characters,
+with the given meaning:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>'<code>c</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua calls a function;</li>
+<li><b>'<code>r</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua returns from a function;</li>
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua enters a new line of code.</li>
+</ul><p>
+Moreover,
+with a <code>count</code> different from zero,
+the hook is called also after every <code>count</code> instructions.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> turns off the hook.
+
+
+<p>
+When the hook is called, its first parameter is a string
+describing the event that has triggered its call:
+<code>"call"</code>, <code>"tail call"</code>, <code>"return"</code>,
+<code>"line"</code>, and <code>"count"</code>.
+For line events,
+the hook also gets the new line number as its second parameter.
+Inside a hook,
+you can call <code>getinfo</code> with level&nbsp;2 to get more information about
+the running function.
+(Level&nbsp;0 is the <code>getinfo</code> function,
+and level&nbsp;1 is the hook function.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setlocal"><code>debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack.
+The function returns <b>fail</b> if there is no local
+variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range.
+(You can call <code>getinfo</code> to check whether the level is valid.)
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the local variable.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal</code></a> for more information about
+variable indices and names.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setmetatable"><code>debug.setmetatable (value, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given <code>value</code> to the given <code>table</code>
+(which can be <b>nil</b>).
+Returns <code>value</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setupvalue"><code>debug.setupvalue (f, up, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>f</code>.
+The function returns <b>fail</b> if there is no upvalue
+with the given index.
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the upvalue.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue</code></a> for more information about upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setuservalue"><code>debug.setuservalue (udata, value, n)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the given <code>value</code> as
+the <code>n</code>-th user value associated to the given <code>udata</code>.
+<code>udata</code> must be a full userdata.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>udata</code>,
+or <b>fail</b> if the userdata does not have that value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.traceback"><code>debug.traceback ([thread,] [message [, level]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>message</code> is present but is neither a string nor <b>nil</b>,
+this function returns <code>message</code> without further processing.
+Otherwise,
+it returns a string with a traceback of the call stack.
+The optional <code>message</code> string is appended
+at the beginning of the traceback.
+An optional <code>level</code> number tells at which level
+to start the traceback
+(default is 1, the function calling <code>traceback</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.upvalueid"><code>debug.upvalueid (f, n)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a unique identifier (as a light userdata)
+for the upvalue numbered <code>n</code>
+from the given function.
+
+
+<p>
+These unique identifiers allow a program to check whether different
+closures share upvalues.
+Lua closures that share an upvalue
+(that is, that access a same external local variable)
+will return identical ids for those upvalue indices.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.upvaluejoin"><code>debug.upvaluejoin (f1, n1, f2, n2)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Make the <code>n1</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure <code>f1</code>
+refer to the <code>n2</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure <code>f2</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>7 &ndash; <a name="7">Lua Standalone</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Although Lua has been designed as an extension language,
+to be embedded in a host C&nbsp;program,
+it is also frequently used as a standalone language.
+An interpreter for Lua as a standalone language,
+called simply <code>lua</code>,
+is provided with the standard distribution.
+The standalone interpreter includes
+all standard libraries.
+Its usage is:
+
+<pre>
+     lua [options] [script [args]]
+</pre><p>
+The options are:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>-e <em>stat</em></code>: </b> execute string <em>stat</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-i</code>: </b> enter interactive mode after running <em>script</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-l <em>mod</em></code>: </b> "require" <em>mod</em> and assign the
+  result to global <em>mod</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-l <em>g=mod</em></code>: </b> "require" <em>mod</em> and assign the
+  result to global <em>g</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-v</code>: </b> print version information;</li>
+<li><b><code>-E</code>: </b> ignore environment variables;</li>
+<li><b><code>-W</code>: </b> turn warnings on;</li>
+<li><b><code>--</code>: </b> stop handling options;</li>
+<li><b><code>-</code>: </b> execute <code>stdin</code> as a file and stop handling options.</li>
+</ul><p>
+(The form <code>-l <em>g=mod</em></code> was introduced in release&nbsp;5.4.4.)
+
+
+<p>
+After handling its options, <code>lua</code> runs the given <em>script</em>.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>lua</code> behaves as <code>lua -v -i</code>
+when the standard input (<code>stdin</code>) is a terminal,
+and as <code>lua -</code> otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without the option <code>-E</code>,
+the interpreter checks for an environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT_5_4"><code>LUA_INIT_5_4</code></a>
+(or <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT"><code>LUA_INIT</code></a> if the versioned name is not defined)
+before running any argument.
+If the variable content has the format <code>@<em>filename</em></code>,
+then <code>lua</code> executes the file.
+Otherwise, <code>lua</code> executes the string itself.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with the option <code>-E</code>,
+Lua does not consult any environment variables.
+In particular,
+the values of <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>
+are set with the default paths defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The options <code>-e</code>, <code>-l</code>, and <code>-W</code> are handled in
+the order they appear.
+For instance, an invocation like
+
+<pre>
+     $ lua -e 'a=1' -llib1 script.lua
+</pre><p>
+will first set <code>a</code> to 1, then require the library <code>lib1</code>,
+and finally run the file <code>script.lua</code> with no arguments.
+(Here <code>$</code> is the shell prompt. Your prompt may be different.)
+
+
+<p>
+Before running any code,
+<code>lua</code> collects all command-line arguments
+in a global table called <code>arg</code>.
+The script name goes to index 0,
+the first argument after the script name goes to index 1,
+and so on.
+Any arguments before the script name
+(that is, the interpreter name plus its options)
+go to negative indices.
+For instance, in the call
+
+<pre>
+     $ lua -la b.lua t1 t2
+</pre><p>
+the table is like this:
+
+<pre>
+     arg = { [-2] = "lua", [-1] = "-la",
+             [0] = "b.lua",
+             [1] = "t1", [2] = "t2" }
+</pre><p>
+If there is no script in the call,
+the interpreter name goes to index 0,
+followed by the other arguments.
+For instance, the call
+
+<pre>
+     $ lua -e "print(arg[1])"
+</pre><p>
+will print "<code>-e</code>".
+If there is a script,
+the script is called with arguments
+<code>arg[1]</code>, &middot;&middot;&middot;, <code>arg[#arg]</code>.
+Like all chunks in Lua,
+the script is compiled as a variadic function.
+
+
+<p>
+In interactive mode,
+Lua repeatedly prompts and waits for a line.
+After reading a line,
+Lua first try to interpret the line as an expression.
+If it succeeds, it prints its value.
+Otherwise, it interprets the line as a statement.
+If you write an incomplete statement,
+the interpreter waits for its completion
+by issuing a different prompt.
+
+
+<p>
+If the global variable <a name="pdf-_PROMPT"><code>_PROMPT</code></a> contains a string,
+then its value is used as the prompt.
+Similarly, if the global variable <a name="pdf-_PROMPT2"><code>_PROMPT2</code></a> contains a string,
+its value is used as the secondary prompt
+(issued during incomplete statements).
+
+
+<p>
+In case of unprotected errors in the script,
+the interpreter reports the error to the standard error stream.
+If the error object is not a string but
+has a metamethod <code>__tostring</code>,
+the interpreter calls this metamethod to produce the final message.
+Otherwise, the interpreter converts the error object to a string
+and adds a stack traceback to it.
+When warnings are on,
+they are simply printed in the standard error output.
+
+
+<p>
+When finishing normally,
+the interpreter closes its main Lua state
+(see <a href="#lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a>).
+The script can avoid this step by
+calling <a href="#pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit</code></a> to terminate.
+
+
+<p>
+To allow the use of Lua as a
+script interpreter in Unix systems,
+Lua skips the first line of a file chunk if it starts with <code>#</code>.
+Therefore, Lua scripts can be made into executable programs
+by using <code>chmod +x</code> and the&nbsp;<code>#!</code> form,
+as in
+
+<pre>
+     #!/usr/local/bin/lua
+</pre><p>
+Of course,
+the location of the Lua interpreter may be different in your machine.
+If <code>lua</code> is in your <code>PATH</code>,
+then
+
+<pre>
+     #!/usr/bin/env lua
+</pre><p>
+is a more portable solution.
+
+
+
+<h1>8 &ndash; <a name="8">Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</a></h1>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Here we list the incompatibilities that you may find when moving a program
+from Lua&nbsp;5.3 to Lua&nbsp;5.4.
+
+
+<p>
+You can avoid some incompatibilities by compiling Lua with
+appropriate options (see file <code>luaconf.h</code>).
+However,
+all these compatibility options will be removed in the future.
+More often than not,
+compatibility issues arise when these compatibility options
+are removed.
+So, whenever you have the chance,
+you should try to test your code with a version of Lua compiled
+with all compatibility options turned off.
+That will ease transitions to newer versions of Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua versions can always change the C API in ways that
+do not imply source-code changes in a program,
+such as the numeric values for constants
+or the implementation of functions as macros.
+Therefore,
+you should never assume that binaries are compatible between
+different Lua versions.
+Always recompile clients of the Lua API when
+using a new version.
+
+
+<p>
+Similarly, Lua versions can always change the internal representation
+of precompiled chunks;
+precompiled chunks are not compatible between different Lua versions.
+
+
+<p>
+The standard paths in the official distribution may
+change between versions.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>8.1 &ndash; <a name="8.1">Incompatibilities in the Language</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+The coercion of strings to numbers in
+arithmetic and bitwise operations
+has been removed from the core language.
+The string library does a similar job
+for arithmetic (but not for bitwise) operations
+using the string metamethods.
+However, unlike in previous versions,
+the new implementation preserves the implicit type of the numeral
+in the string.
+For instance, the result of <code>"1" + "2"</code> now is an integer,
+not a float.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Literal decimal integer constants that overflow are read as floats,
+instead of wrapping around.
+You can use hexadecimal notation for such constants if you
+want the old behavior
+(reading them as integers with wrap around).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The use of the <code>__lt</code> metamethod to emulate <code>__le</code>
+has been removed.
+When needed, this metamethod must be explicitly defined.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The semantics of the numerical <b>for</b> loop
+over integers changed in some details.
+In particular, the control variable never wraps around.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+A label for a <b>goto</b> cannot be declared where a label with the same
+name is visible, even if this other label is declared in an enclosing
+block.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+When finalizing an object,
+Lua does not ignore <code>__gc</code> metamethods that are not functions.
+Any value will be called, if present.
+(Non-callable values will generate a warning,
+like any other error when calling a finalizer.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>8.2 &ndash; <a name="8.2">Incompatibilities in the Libraries</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+The function <a href="#pdf-print"><code>print</code></a> does not call <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a>
+to format its arguments;
+instead, it has this functionality hardwired.
+You should use <code>__tostring</code> to modify how values are printed.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The pseudo-random number generator used by the function <a href="#pdf-math.random"><code>math.random</code></a>
+now starts with a somewhat random seed.
+Moreover, it uses a different algorithm.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+By default, the decoding functions in the <a href="#pdf-utf8"><code>utf8</code></a> library
+do not accept surrogates as valid code points.
+An extra parameter in these functions makes them more permissive.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The options "<code>setpause</code>" and "<code>setstepmul</code>"
+of the function <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> are deprecated.
+You should use the new option "<code>incremental</code>" to set them.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The function <a href="#pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines</code></a> now returns four values,
+instead of just one.
+That can be a problem when it is used as the sole
+argument to another function that has optional parameters,
+such as in <code>load(io.lines(filename, "L"))</code>.
+To fix that issue,
+you can wrap the call into parentheses,
+to adjust its number of results to one.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>8.3 &ndash; <a name="8.3">Incompatibilities in the API</a></h2>
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+Full userdata now has an arbitrary number of associated user values.
+Therefore, the functions <code>lua_newuserdata</code>,
+<code>lua_setuservalue</code>, and <code>lua_getuservalue</code> were
+replaced by <a href="#lua_newuserdatauv"><code>lua_newuserdatauv</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_setiuservalue"><code>lua_setiuservalue</code></a>, and <a href="#lua_getiuservalue"><code>lua_getiuservalue</code></a>,
+which have an extra argument.
+
+
+<p>
+For compatibility, the old names still work as macros assuming
+one single user value.
+Note, however, that userdata with zero user values
+are more efficient memory-wise.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The function <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> has an extra parameter.
+This out parameter returns the number of values on
+the top of the stack that were yielded or returned by the coroutine.
+(In previous versions,
+those values were the entire stack.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The function <a href="#lua_version"><code>lua_version</code></a> returns the version number,
+instead of an address of the version number.
+The Lua core should work correctly with libraries using their
+own static copies of the same core,
+so there is no need to check whether they are using the same
+address space.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The constant <code>LUA_ERRGCMM</code> was removed.
+Errors in finalizers are never propagated;
+instead, they generate a warning.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The options <code>LUA_GCSETPAUSE</code> and <code>LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL</code>
+of the function <a href="#lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a> are deprecated.
+You should use the new option <code>LUA_GCINC</code> to set them.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>9 &ndash; <a name="9">The Complete Syntax of Lua</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here is the complete syntax of Lua in extended BNF.
+As usual in extended BNF,
+{A} means 0 or more As,
+and [A] means an optional A.
+(For operator precedences, see <a href="#3.4.8">&sect;3.4.8</a>;
+for a description of the terminals
+Name, Numeral,
+and LiteralString, see <a href="#3.1">&sect;3.1</a>.)
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+	chunk ::= block
+
+	block ::= {stat} [retstat]
+
+	stat ::=  &lsquo;<b>;</b>&rsquo; | 
+		 varlist &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; explist | 
+		 functioncall | 
+		 label | 
+		 <b>break</b> | 
+		 <b>goto</b> Name | 
+		 <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | 
+		 <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | 
+		 <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp | 
+		 <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b> | 
+		 <b>for</b> Name &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; exp &lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; exp [&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | 
+		 <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> | 
+		 <b>function</b> funcname funcbody | 
+		 <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody | 
+		 <b>local</b> attnamelist [&lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; explist] 
+
+	attnamelist ::=  Name attrib {&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; Name attrib}
+
+	attrib ::= [&lsquo;<b>&lt;</b>&rsquo; Name &lsquo;<b>&gt;</b>&rsquo;]
+
+	retstat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] [&lsquo;<b>;</b>&rsquo;]
+
+	label ::= &lsquo;<b>::</b>&rsquo; Name &lsquo;<b>::</b>&rsquo;
+
+	funcname ::= Name {&lsquo;<b>.</b>&rsquo; Name} [&lsquo;<b>:</b>&rsquo; Name]
+
+	varlist ::= var {&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; var}
+
+	var ::=  Name | prefixexp &lsquo;<b>[</b>&rsquo; exp &lsquo;<b>]</b>&rsquo; | prefixexp &lsquo;<b>.</b>&rsquo; Name 
+
+	namelist ::= Name {&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; Name}
+
+	explist ::= exp {&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; exp}
+
+	exp ::=  <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> | Numeral | LiteralString | &lsquo;<b>...</b>&rsquo; | functiondef | 
+		 prefixexp | tableconstructor | exp binop exp | unop exp 
+
+	prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | &lsquo;<b>(</b>&rsquo; exp &lsquo;<b>)</b>&rsquo;
+
+	functioncall ::=  prefixexp args | prefixexp &lsquo;<b>:</b>&rsquo; Name args 
+
+	args ::=  &lsquo;<b>(</b>&rsquo; [explist] &lsquo;<b>)</b>&rsquo; | tableconstructor | LiteralString 
+
+	functiondef ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+
+	funcbody ::= &lsquo;<b>(</b>&rsquo; [parlist] &lsquo;<b>)</b>&rsquo; block <b>end</b>
+
+	parlist ::= namelist [&lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; &lsquo;<b>...</b>&rsquo;] | &lsquo;<b>...</b>&rsquo;
+
+	tableconstructor ::= &lsquo;<b>{</b>&rsquo; [fieldlist] &lsquo;<b>}</b>&rsquo;
+
+	fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
+
+	field ::= &lsquo;<b>[</b>&rsquo; exp &lsquo;<b>]</b>&rsquo; &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; exp | Name &lsquo;<b>=</b>&rsquo; exp | exp
+
+	fieldsep ::= &lsquo;<b>,</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>;</b>&rsquo;
+
+	binop ::=  &lsquo;<b>+</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>-</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>*</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>/</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>//</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>^</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>%</b>&rsquo; | 
+		 &lsquo;<b>&amp;</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>~</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>|</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>&gt;&gt;</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>&lt;&lt;</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>..</b>&rsquo; | 
+		 &lsquo;<b>&lt;</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>&lt;=</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>&gt;</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>&gt;=</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>==</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>~=</b>&rsquo; | 
+		 <b>and</b> | <b>or</b>
+
+	unop ::= &lsquo;<b>-</b>&rsquo; | <b>not</b> | &lsquo;<b>#</b>&rsquo; | &lsquo;<b>~</b>&rsquo;
+
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<P CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Tue May  2 20:09:38 UTC 2023
+</P>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.6
+-->
+
+</body></html>
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/osi-certified-72x60.png b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/osi-certified-72x60.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..07df5f6ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/osi-certified-72x60.png
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/readme.html b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/readme.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..918ec8ed93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/doc/readme.html
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.4 readme</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
+blockquote, .display {
+	border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+	border-radius: 8px ;
+	padding: 1em ;
+	margin: 0px ;
+}
+
+.display {
+	word-spacing: 0.25em ;
+}
+
+dl.display dd {
+	padding-bottom: 0.2em ;
+}
+
+tt, kbd, code {
+	font-size: 12pt ;
+}
+</STYLE>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua"></A>
+Welcome to Lua 5.4
+</H1>
+
+<DIV CLASS="menubar">
+<A HREF="#about">about</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="#install">installation</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="#changes">changes</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="#license">license</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="contents.html">reference manual</A>
+</DIV>
+
+<H2><A NAME="about">About Lua</A></H2>
+<P>
+Lua is a powerful, efficient, lightweight, embeddable scripting language
+developed by a
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/authors.html">team</A>
+at
+<A HREF="http://www.puc-rio.br/">PUC-Rio</A>,
+the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
+Lua is
+<A HREF="#license">free software</A>
+used in
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/uses.html">many products and projects</A>
+around the world.
+
+<P>
+Lua's
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">official web site</A>
+provides complete information
+about Lua,
+including
+an
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/about.html">executive summary</A>
+and
+updated
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/docs.html">documentation</A>,
+especially the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/">reference manual</A>,
+which may differ slightly from the
+<A HREF="contents.html">local copy</A>
+distributed in this package.
+
+<H2><A NAME="install">Installing Lua</A></H2>
+<P>
+Lua is distributed in
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/ftp/">source</A>
+form.
+You need to build it before using it.
+Building Lua should be straightforward
+because
+Lua is implemented in pure ANSI C and compiles unmodified in all known
+platforms that have an ANSI C compiler.
+Lua also compiles unmodified as C++.
+The instructions given below for building Lua are for Unix-like platforms,
+such as Linux and Mac OS X.
+See also
+<A HREF="#other">instructions for other systems</A>
+and
+<A HREF="#customization">customization options</A>.
+
+<P>
+If you don't have the time or the inclination to compile Lua yourself,
+get a binary from
+<A HREF="http://lua-users.org/wiki/LuaBinaries">LuaBinaries</A>.
+
+<H3>Building Lua</H3>
+<P>
+In most common Unix-like platforms, simply do "<KBD>make</KBD>".
+Here are the details.
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+Open a terminal window and move to
+the top-level directory, which is named <TT>lua-5.4.6</TT>.
+The <TT>Makefile</TT> there controls both the build process and the installation process.
+<P>
+<LI>
+  Do "<KBD>make</KBD>". The <TT>Makefile</TT> will guess your platform and build Lua for it.
+<P>
+<LI>
+  If the guess failed, do "<KBD>make help</KBD>" and see if your platform is listed.
+  The platforms currently supported are:
+<P>
+<P CLASS="display">
+   guess aix bsd c89 freebsd generic ios linux linux-readline macosx mingw posix solaris
+</P>
+<P>
+  If your platform is listed, just do "<KBD>make xxx</KBD>", where xxx
+  is your platform name.
+<P>
+  If your platform is not listed, try the closest one or posix, generic,
+  c89, in this order.
+<P>
+<LI>
+The compilation takes only a few moments
+and produces three files in the <TT>src</TT> directory:
+lua (the interpreter),
+luac (the compiler),
+and liblua.a (the library).
+<P>
+<LI>
+  To check that Lua has been built correctly, do "<KBD>make test</KBD>"
+  after building Lua. This will run the interpreter and print its version.
+</OL>
+<P>
+If you're running Linux, try "<KBD>make linux-readline</KBD>" to build the interactive Lua interpreter with handy line-editing and history capabilities.
+If you get compilation errors,
+make sure you have installed the <TT>readline</TT> development package
+(which is probably named <TT>libreadline-dev</TT> or <TT>readline-devel</TT>).
+If you get link errors after that,
+then try "<KBD>make linux-readline MYLIBS=-ltermcap</KBD>".
+
+<H3>Installing Lua</H3>
+<P>
+  Once you have built Lua, you may want to install it in an official
+  place in your system. In this case, do "<KBD>make install</KBD>". The official
+  place and the way to install files are defined in the <TT>Makefile</TT>. You'll
+  probably need the right permissions to install files, and so may need to do "<KBD>sudo make install</KBD>".
+
+<P>
+  To build and install Lua in one step, do "<KBD>make all install</KBD>",
+  or "<KBD>make xxx install</KBD>",
+  where xxx is your platform name.
+
+<P>
+  To install Lua locally after building it, do "<KBD>make local</KBD>".
+  This will create a directory <TT>install</TT> with subdirectories
+  <TT>bin</TT>, <TT>include</TT>, <TT>lib</TT>, <TT>man</TT>, <TT>share</TT>,
+  and install Lua as listed below.
+
+  To install Lua locally, but in some other directory, do
+  "<KBD>make install INSTALL_TOP=xxx</KBD>", where xxx is your chosen directory.
+  The installation starts in the <TT>src</TT> and <TT>doc</TT> directories,
+  so take care if <TT>INSTALL_TOP</TT> is not an absolute path.
+
+<DL CLASS="display">
+<DT>
+    bin:
+<DD>
+    lua luac
+<DT>
+    include:
+<DD>
+    lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h lua.hpp
+<DT>
+    lib:
+<DD>
+    liblua.a
+<DT>
+    man/man1:
+<DD>
+    lua.1 luac.1
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+  These are the only directories you need for development.
+  If you only want to run Lua programs,
+  you only need the files in <TT>bin</TT> and <TT>man</TT>.
+  The files in <TT>include</TT> and <TT>lib</TT> are needed for
+  embedding Lua in C or C++ programs.
+
+<H3><A NAME="customization">Customization</A></H3>
+<P>
+  Three kinds of things can be customized by editing a file:
+<UL>
+    <LI> Where and how to install Lua &mdash; edit <TT>Makefile</TT>.
+    <LI> How to build Lua &mdash; edit <TT>src/Makefile</TT>.
+    <LI> Lua features &mdash; edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT>.
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+  You don't actually need to edit the Makefiles because you may set the
+  relevant variables in the command line when invoking make.
+  Nevertheless, it's probably best to edit and save the Makefiles to
+  record the changes you've made.
+
+<P>
+  On the other hand, if you need to customize some Lua features, you'll need
+  to edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT> before building and installing Lua.
+  The edited file will be the one installed, and
+  it will be used by any Lua clients that you build, to ensure consistency.
+  Further customization is available to experts by editing the Lua sources.
+
+<H3><A NAME="other">Building Lua on other systems</A></H3>
+<P>
+  If you're not using the usual Unix tools, then the instructions for
+  building Lua depend on the compiler you use. You'll need to create
+  projects (or whatever your compiler uses) for building the library,
+  the interpreter, and the compiler, as follows:
+
+<DL CLASS="display">
+<DT>
+library:
+<DD>
+lapi.c lcode.c lctype.c ldebug.c ldo.c ldump.c lfunc.c lgc.c llex.c lmem.c lobject.c lopcodes.c lparser.c lstate.c lstring.c ltable.c ltm.c lundump.c lvm.c lzio.c
+lauxlib.c lbaselib.c lcorolib.c ldblib.c liolib.c lmathlib.c loadlib.c loslib.c lstrlib.c ltablib.c lutf8lib.c linit.c
+<DT>
+interpreter:
+<DD>
+  library, lua.c
+<DT>
+compiler:
+<DD>
+  library, luac.c
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+  To use Lua as a library in your own programs, you'll need to know how to
+  create and use libraries with your compiler. Moreover, to dynamically load
+  C libraries for Lua, you'll need to know how to create dynamic libraries
+  and you'll need to make sure that the Lua API functions are accessible to
+  those dynamic libraries &mdash; but <EM>don't</EM> link the Lua library
+  into each dynamic library. For Unix, we recommend that the Lua library
+  be linked statically into the host program and its symbols exported for
+  dynamic linking; <TT>src/Makefile</TT> does this for the Lua interpreter.
+  For Windows, we recommend that the Lua library be a DLL.
+  In all cases, the compiler luac should be linked statically.
+
+<P>
+  As mentioned above, you may edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT> to customize
+  some features before building Lua.
+
+<H2><A NAME="changes">Changes since Lua 5.3</A></H2>
+<P>
+Here are the main changes introduced in Lua 5.4.
+The
+<A HREF="contents.html">reference manual</A>
+lists the
+<A HREF="manual.html#8">incompatibilities</A> that had to be introduced.
+
+<H3>Main changes</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> new generational mode for garbage collection
+<LI> to-be-closed variables
+<LI> const variables
+<LI> userdata can have multiple user values
+<LI> new implementation for math.random
+<LI> warning system
+<LI> debug information about function arguments and returns
+<LI> new semantics for the integer 'for' loop
+<LI> optional 'init' argument to 'string.gmatch'
+<LI> new functions 'lua_resetthread' and 'coroutine.close'
+<LI> string-to-number coercions moved to the string library
+<LI> allocation function allowed to fail when shrinking a memory block
+<LI> new format '%p' in 'string.format'
+<LI> utf8 library accepts codepoints up to 2^31
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="license">License</A></H2>
+<P>
+<A HREF="http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php">
+<IMG SRC="osi-certified-72x60.png" ALIGN="right" ALT="[osi certified]" STYLE="padding-left: 30px ;">
+</A>
+Lua is free software distributed under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT license</A>
+reproduced below;
+it may be used for any purpose, including commercial purposes,
+at absolutely no cost without having to ask us.
+
+The only requirement is that if you do use Lua,
+then you should give us credit by including the appropriate copyright notice somewhere in your product or its documentation.
+
+For details, see
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">this</A>.
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE STYLE="padding-bottom: 0em">
+Copyright &copy; 1994&ndash;2023 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+
+<P>
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+<P>
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+<P>
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<P CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Tue May  2 20:08:55 UTC 2023
+</P>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.4.6
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/lua.qbs b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/lua.qbs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73d61b039c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/lua.qbs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+QtcLibrary {
+    name: "lua546"
+    type: "staticlibrary"
+
+    cpp.defines: {
+        var defines = base;
+        if (qbs.targetOS.contains("windows"))
+            defines.push("LUA_USE_WINDOWS");
+        else if (qbs.targetOS.contains("macos"))
+            defines.push("LUA_USE_MACOSX");
+        else if (qbs.targetOS.contains("linux"))
+            defines.push("LUA_USE_LINUX");
+        return defines;
+    }
+
+    Group {
+        name: "Sources"
+        prefix: "src/"
+
+        files: [
+            "lapi.c",
+            "lapi.h",
+            "lauxlib.c",
+            "lauxlib.h",
+            "lbaselib.c",
+            "lcode.c",
+            "lcode.h",
+            "lcorolib.c",
+            "lctype.c",
+            "lctype.h",
+            "ldblib.c",
+            "ldebug.c",
+            "ldebug.h",
+            "ldo.c",
+            "ldo.h",
+            "ldump.c",
+            "lfunc.c",
+            "lfunc.h",
+            "lgc.c",
+            "lgc.h",
+            "linit.c",
+            "liolib.c",
+            "llex.c",
+            "llex.h",
+            "lmathlib.c",
+            "lmem.c",
+            "lmem.h",
+            "loadlib.c",
+            "lobject.c",
+            "lobject.h",
+            "lopcodes.c",
+            "lopcodes.h",
+            "loslib.c",
+            "lparser.c",
+            "lparser.h",
+            "lstate.c",
+            "lstate.h",
+            "lstring.c",
+            "lstring.h",
+            "lstrlib.c",
+            "ltable.c",
+            "ltable.h",
+            "ltablib.c",
+            "ltm.c",
+            "ltm.h",
+            "lua.c",
+            "lua.h",
+            "lundump.c",
+            "lundump.h",
+            "lutf8lib.c",
+            "lvm.c",
+            "lvm.h",
+            "lzio.c",
+            "lzio.h",
+        ]
+    }
+
+    Export {
+        cpp.includePaths: project.ide_source_tree + "/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lapi.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lapi.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34e64af142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lapi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1463 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.c $
+** Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lapi_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+const char lua_ident[] =
+  "$LuaVersion: " LUA_COPYRIGHT " $"
+  "$LuaAuthors: " LUA_AUTHORS " $";
+
+
+
+/*
+** Test for a valid index (one that is not the 'nilvalue').
+** '!ttisnil(o)' implies 'o != &G(L)->nilvalue', so it is not needed.
+** However, it covers the most common cases in a faster way.
+*/
+#define isvalid(L, o)	(!ttisnil(o) || o != &G(L)->nilvalue)
+
+
+/* test for pseudo index */
+#define ispseudo(i)		((i) <= LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+
+/* test for upvalue */
+#define isupvalue(i)		((i) < LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+
+
+/*
+** Convert an acceptable index to a pointer to its respective value.
+** Non-valid indices return the special nil value 'G(L)->nilvalue'.
+*/
+static TValue *index2value (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  if (idx > 0) {
+    StkId o = ci->func.p + idx;
+    api_check(L, idx <= ci->top.p - (ci->func.p + 1), "unacceptable index");
+    if (o >= L->top.p) return &G(L)->nilvalue;
+    else return s2v(o);
+  }
+  else if (!ispseudo(idx)) {  /* negative index */
+    api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top.p - (ci->func.p + 1),
+                 "invalid index");
+    return s2v(L->top.p + idx);
+  }
+  else if (idx == LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+    return &G(L)->l_registry;
+  else {  /* upvalues */
+    idx = LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - idx;
+    api_check(L, idx <= MAXUPVAL + 1, "upvalue index too large");
+    if (ttisCclosure(s2v(ci->func.p))) {  /* C closure? */
+      CClosure *func = clCvalue(s2v(ci->func.p));
+      return (idx <= func->nupvalues) ? &func->upvalue[idx-1]
+                                      : &G(L)->nilvalue;
+    }
+    else {  /* light C function or Lua function (through a hook)?) */
+      api_check(L, ttislcf(s2v(ci->func.p)), "caller not a C function");
+      return &G(L)->nilvalue;  /* no upvalues */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a valid actual index (not a pseudo-index) to its address.
+*/
+l_sinline StkId index2stack (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  if (idx > 0) {
+    StkId o = ci->func.p + idx;
+    api_check(L, o < L->top.p, "invalid index");
+    return o;
+  }
+  else {    /* non-positive index */
+    api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top.p - (ci->func.p + 1),
+                 "invalid index");
+    api_check(L, !ispseudo(idx), "invalid index");
+    return L->top.p + idx;
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int n) {
+  int res;
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ci = L->ci;
+  api_check(L, n >= 0, "negative 'n'");
+  if (L->stack_last.p - L->top.p > n)  /* stack large enough? */
+    res = 1;  /* yes; check is OK */
+  else  /* need to grow stack */
+    res = luaD_growstack(L, n, 0);
+  if (res && ci->top.p < L->top.p + n)
+    ci->top.p = L->top.p + n;  /* adjust frame top */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n) {
+  int i;
+  if (from == to) return;
+  lua_lock(to);
+  api_checknelems(from, n);
+  api_check(from, G(from) == G(to), "moving among independent states");
+  api_check(from, to->ci->top.p - to->top.p >= n, "stack overflow");
+  from->top.p -= n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    setobjs2s(to, to->top.p, from->top.p + i);
+    to->top.p++;  /* stack already checked by previous 'api_check' */
+  }
+  lua_unlock(to);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf) {
+  lua_CFunction old;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  old = G(L)->panic;
+  G(L)->panic = panicf;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return old;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number lua_version (lua_State *L) {
+  UNUSED(L);
+  return LUA_VERSION_NUM;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** convert an acceptable stack index into an absolute index
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_absindex (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  return (idx > 0 || ispseudo(idx))
+         ? idx
+         : cast_int(L->top.p - L->ci->func.p) + idx;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gettop (lua_State *L) {
+  return cast_int(L->top.p - (L->ci->func.p + 1));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  StkId func, newtop;
+  ptrdiff_t diff;  /* difference for new top */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ci = L->ci;
+  func = ci->func.p;
+  if (idx >= 0) {
+    api_check(L, idx <= ci->top.p - (func + 1), "new top too large");
+    diff = ((func + 1) + idx) - L->top.p;
+    for (; diff > 0; diff--)
+      setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p++));  /* clear new slots */
+  }
+  else {
+    api_check(L, -(idx+1) <= (L->top.p - (func + 1)), "invalid new top");
+    diff = idx + 1;  /* will "subtract" index (as it is negative) */
+  }
+  api_check(L, L->tbclist.p < L->top.p, "previous pop of an unclosed slot");
+  newtop = L->top.p + diff;
+  if (diff < 0 && L->tbclist.p >= newtop) {
+    lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(ci->nresults));
+    newtop = luaF_close(L, newtop, CLOSEKTOP, 0);
+  }
+  L->top.p = newtop;  /* correct top only after closing any upvalue */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_closeslot (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  StkId level;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  level = index2stack(L, idx);
+  api_check(L, hastocloseCfunc(L->ci->nresults) && L->tbclist.p == level,
+     "no variable to close at given level");
+  level = luaF_close(L, level, CLOSEKTOP, 0);
+  setnilvalue(s2v(level));
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Reverse the stack segment from 'from' to 'to'
+** (auxiliary to 'lua_rotate')
+** Note that we move(copy) only the value inside the stack.
+** (We do not move additional fields that may exist.)
+*/
+l_sinline void reverse (lua_State *L, StkId from, StkId to) {
+  for (; from < to; from++, to--) {
+    TValue temp;
+    setobj(L, &temp, s2v(from));
+    setobjs2s(L, from, to);
+    setobj2s(L, to, &temp);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Let x = AB, where A is a prefix of length 'n'. Then,
+** rotate x n == BA. But BA == (A^r . B^r)^r.
+*/
+LUA_API void lua_rotate (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+  StkId p, t, m;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = L->top.p - 1;  /* end of stack segment being rotated */
+  p = index2stack(L, idx);  /* start of segment */
+  api_check(L, (n >= 0 ? n : -n) <= (t - p + 1), "invalid 'n'");
+  m = (n >= 0 ? t - n : p - n - 1);  /* end of prefix */
+  reverse(L, p, m);  /* reverse the prefix with length 'n' */
+  reverse(L, m + 1, t);  /* reverse the suffix */
+  reverse(L, p, t);  /* reverse the entire segment */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_copy (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx) {
+  TValue *fr, *to;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  fr = index2value(L, fromidx);
+  to = index2value(L, toidx);
+  api_check(L, isvalid(L, to), "invalid index");
+  setobj(L, to, fr);
+  if (isupvalue(toidx))  /* function upvalue? */
+    luaC_barrier(L, clCvalue(s2v(L->ci->func.p)), fr);
+  /* LUA_REGISTRYINDEX does not need gc barrier
+     (collector revisits it before finishing collection) */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setobj2s(L, L->top.p, index2value(L, idx));
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_type (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (isvalid(L, o) ? ttype(o) : LUA_TNONE);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int t) {
+  UNUSED(L);
+  api_check(L, LUA_TNONE <= t && t < LUA_NUMTYPES, "invalid type");
+  return ttypename(t);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (ttislcf(o) || (ttisCclosure(o)));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isinteger (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return ttisinteger(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  lua_Number n;
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return tonumber(o, &n);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (ttisstring(o) || cvt2str(o));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (ttisfulluserdata(o) || ttislightuserdata(o));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+  const TValue *o1 = index2value(L, index1);
+  const TValue *o2 = index2value(L, index2);
+  return (isvalid(L, o1) && isvalid(L, o2)) ? luaV_rawequalobj(o1, o2) : 0;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (op != LUA_OPUNM && op != LUA_OPBNOT)
+    api_checknelems(L, 2);  /* all other operations expect two operands */
+  else {  /* for unary operations, add fake 2nd operand */
+    api_checknelems(L, 1);
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top.p, L->top.p - 1);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  /* first operand at top - 2, second at top - 1; result go to top - 2 */
+  luaO_arith(L, op, s2v(L->top.p - 2), s2v(L->top.p - 1), L->top.p - 2);
+  L->top.p--;  /* remove second operand */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op) {
+  const TValue *o1;
+  const TValue *o2;
+  int i = 0;
+  lua_lock(L);  /* may call tag method */
+  o1 = index2value(L, index1);
+  o2 = index2value(L, index2);
+  if (isvalid(L, o1) && isvalid(L, o2)) {
+    switch (op) {
+      case LUA_OPEQ: i = luaV_equalobj(L, o1, o2); break;
+      case LUA_OPLT: i = luaV_lessthan(L, o1, o2); break;
+      case LUA_OPLE: i = luaV_lessequal(L, o1, o2); break;
+      default: api_check(L, 0, "invalid option");
+    }
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API size_t lua_stringtonumber (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+  size_t sz = luaO_str2num(s, s2v(L->top.p));
+  if (sz != 0)
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  return sz;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number lua_tonumberx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *pisnum) {
+  lua_Number n = 0;
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  int isnum = tonumber(o, &n);
+  if (pisnum)
+    *pisnum = isnum;
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Integer lua_tointegerx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *pisnum) {
+  lua_Integer res = 0;
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  int isnum = tointeger(o, &res);
+  if (pisnum)
+    *pisnum = isnum;
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return !l_isfalse(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+  TValue *o;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  o = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (!ttisstring(o)) {
+    if (!cvt2str(o)) {  /* not convertible? */
+      if (len != NULL) *len = 0;
+      lua_unlock(L);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    luaO_tostring(L, o);
+    luaC_checkGC(L);
+    o = index2value(L, idx);  /* previous call may reallocate the stack */
+  }
+  if (len != NULL)
+    *len = vslen(o);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return svalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  switch (ttypetag(o)) {
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: return tsvalue(o)->shrlen;
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: return tsvalue(o)->u.lnglen;
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: return uvalue(o)->len;
+    case LUA_VTABLE: return luaH_getn(hvalue(o));
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (ttislcf(o)) return fvalue(o);
+  else if (ttisCclosure(o))
+    return clCvalue(o)->f;
+  else return NULL;  /* not a C function */
+}
+
+
+l_sinline void *touserdata (const TValue *o) {
+  switch (ttype(o)) {
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA: return getudatamem(uvalue(o));
+    case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(o);
+    default: return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return touserdata(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (!ttisthread(o)) ? NULL : thvalue(o);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Returns a pointer to the internal representation of an object.
+** Note that ANSI C does not allow the conversion of a pointer to
+** function to a 'void*', so the conversion here goes through
+** a 'size_t'. (As the returned pointer is only informative, this
+** conversion should not be a problem.)
+*/
+LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  switch (ttypetag(o)) {
+    case LUA_VLCF: return cast_voidp(cast_sizet(fvalue(o)));
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA:
+      return touserdata(o);
+    default: {
+      if (iscollectable(o))
+        return gcvalue(o);
+      else
+        return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setfltvalue(s2v(L->top.p), n);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setivalue(s2v(L->top.p), n);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Pushes on the stack a string with given length. Avoid using 's' when
+** 'len' == 0 (as 's' can be NULL in that case), due to later use of
+** 'memcmp' and 'memcpy'.
+*/
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) {
+  TString *ts;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ts = (len == 0) ? luaS_new(L, "") : luaS_newlstr(L, s, len);
+  setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, ts);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return getstr(ts);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (s == NULL)
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+  else {
+    TString *ts;
+    ts = luaS_new(L, s);
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, ts);
+    s = getstr(ts);  /* internal copy's address */
+  }
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+                                      va_list argp) {
+  const char *ret;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  const char *ret;
+  va_list argp;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+  va_end(argp);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (n == 0) {
+    setfvalue(s2v(L->top.p), fn);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  else {
+    CClosure *cl;
+    api_checknelems(L, n);
+    api_check(L, n <= MAXUPVAL, "upvalue index too large");
+    cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, n);
+    cl->f = fn;
+    L->top.p -= n;
+    while (n--) {
+      setobj2n(L, &cl->upvalue[n], s2v(L->top.p + n));
+      /* does not need barrier because closure is white */
+      lua_assert(iswhite(cl));
+    }
+    setclCvalue(L, s2v(L->top.p), cl);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    luaC_checkGC(L);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (b)
+    setbtvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+  else
+    setbfvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setpvalue(s2v(L->top.p), p);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setthvalue(L, s2v(L->top.p), L);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return (G(L)->mainthread == L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+l_sinline int auxgetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
+  const TValue *slot;
+  TString *str = luaS_new(L, k);
+  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, str, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, slot);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  else {
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, str);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    luaV_finishget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), L->top.p - 1, slot);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ttype(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the global table in the registry. Since all predefined
+** indices in the registry were inserted right when the registry
+** was created and never removed, they must always be in the array
+** part of the registry.
+*/
+#define getGtable(L)  \
+	(&hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry)->array[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS - 1])
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  const TValue *G;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  G = getGtable(L);
+  return auxgetstr(L, G, name);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *slot;
+  TValue *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), slot, luaH_get)) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p - 1, slot);
+  }
+  else
+    luaV_finishget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), L->top.p - 1, slot);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ttype(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  return auxgetstr(L, index2value(L, idx), k);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_geti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
+  TValue *t;
+  const TValue *slot;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (luaV_fastgeti(L, t, n, slot)) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, slot);
+  }
+  else {
+    TValue aux;
+    setivalue(&aux, n);
+    luaV_finishget(L, t, &aux, L->top.p, slot);
+  }
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ttype(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+}
+
+
+l_sinline int finishrawget (lua_State *L, const TValue *val) {
+  if (isempty(val))  /* avoid copying empty items to the stack */
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+  else
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, val);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ttype(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+}
+
+
+static Table *gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  TValue *t = index2value(L, idx);
+  api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+  return hvalue(t);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  Table *t;
+  const TValue *val;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  val = luaH_get(t, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  L->top.p--;  /* remove key */
+  return finishrawget(L, val);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
+  Table *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  return finishrawget(L, luaH_getint(t, n));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
+  Table *t;
+  TValue k;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  setpvalue(&k, cast_voidp(p));
+  return finishrawget(L, luaH_get(t, &k));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narray, int nrec) {
+  Table *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = luaH_new(L);
+  sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p, t);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  if (narray > 0 || nrec > 0)
+    luaH_resize(L, t, narray, nrec);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+  const TValue *obj;
+  Table *mt;
+  int res = 0;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  obj = index2value(L, objindex);
+  switch (ttype(obj)) {
+    case LUA_TTABLE:
+      mt = hvalue(obj)->metatable;
+      break;
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+      mt = uvalue(obj)->metatable;
+      break;
+    default:
+      mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)];
+      break;
+  }
+  if (mt != NULL) {
+    sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p, mt);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    res = 1;
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getiuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+  TValue *o;
+  int t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  o = index2value(L, idx);
+  api_check(L, ttisfulluserdata(o), "full userdata expected");
+  if (n <= 0 || n > uvalue(o)->nuvalue) {
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+    t = LUA_TNONE;
+  }
+  else {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, &uvalue(o)->uv[n - 1].uv);
+    t = ttype(s2v(L->top.p));
+  }
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return t;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+
+/*
+** t[k] = value at the top of the stack (where 'k' is a string)
+*/
+static void auxsetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
+  const TValue *slot;
+  TString *str = luaS_new(L, k);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, str, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+    L->top.p--;  /* pop value */
+  }
+  else {
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, str);  /* push 'str' (to make it a TValue) */
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 1), s2v(L->top.p - 2), slot);
+    L->top.p -= 2;  /* pop value and key */
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);  /* lock done by caller */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  const TValue *G;
+  lua_lock(L);  /* unlock done in 'auxsetstr' */
+  G = getGtable(L);
+  auxsetstr(L, G, name);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  TValue *t;
+  const TValue *slot;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 2);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 2), slot, luaH_get)) {
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  }
+  else
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, s2v(L->top.p - 2), s2v(L->top.p - 1), slot);
+  L->top.p -= 2;  /* pop index and value */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+  lua_lock(L);  /* unlock done in 'auxsetstr' */
+  auxsetstr(L, index2value(L, idx), k);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_seti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
+  TValue *t;
+  const TValue *slot;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (luaV_fastgeti(L, t, n, slot)) {
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  }
+  else {
+    TValue aux;
+    setivalue(&aux, n);
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, &aux, s2v(L->top.p - 1), slot);
+  }
+  L->top.p--;  /* pop value */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+static void aux_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx, TValue *key, int n) {
+  Table *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, n);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  luaH_set(L, t, key, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  invalidateTMcache(t);
+  luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  L->top.p -= n;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  aux_rawset(L, idx, s2v(L->top.p - 2), 2);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
+  TValue k;
+  setpvalue(&k, cast_voidp(p));
+  aux_rawset(L, idx, &k, 1);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
+  Table *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  luaH_setint(L, t, n, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  L->top.p--;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+  TValue *obj;
+  Table *mt;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  obj = index2value(L, objindex);
+  if (ttisnil(s2v(L->top.p - 1)))
+    mt = NULL;
+  else {
+    api_check(L, ttistable(s2v(L->top.p - 1)), "table expected");
+    mt = hvalue(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+  }
+  switch (ttype(obj)) {
+    case LUA_TTABLE: {
+      hvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+      if (mt) {
+        luaC_objbarrier(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+        luaC_checkfinalizer(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+      uvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+      if (mt) {
+        luaC_objbarrier(L, uvalue(obj), mt);
+        luaC_checkfinalizer(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)] = mt;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  L->top.p--;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setiuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+  TValue *o;
+  int res;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  o = index2value(L, idx);
+  api_check(L, ttisfulluserdata(o), "full userdata expected");
+  if (!(cast_uint(n) - 1u < cast_uint(uvalue(o)->nuvalue)))
+    res = 0;  /* 'n' not in [1, uvalue(o)->nuvalue] */
+  else {
+    setobj(L, &uvalue(o)->uv[n - 1].uv, s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+    luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(o), s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+    res = 1;
+  }
+  L->top.p--;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** 'load' and 'call' functions (run Lua code)
+*/
+
+
+#define checkresults(L,na,nr) \
+     api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET \
+               || (L->ci->top.p - L->top.p >= (nr) - (na)), \
+	"results from function overflow current stack size")
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_callk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults,
+                        lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k) {
+  StkId func;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
+    "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
+  api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+  api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
+  checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+  func = L->top.p - (nargs+1);
+  if (k != NULL && yieldable(L)) {  /* need to prepare continuation? */
+    L->ci->u.c.k = k;  /* save continuation */
+    L->ci->u.c.ctx = ctx;  /* save context */
+    luaD_call(L, func, nresults);  /* do the call */
+  }
+  else  /* no continuation or no yieldable */
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, nresults);  /* just do the call */
+  adjustresults(L, nresults);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected call.
+*/
+struct CallS {  /* data to 'f_call' */
+  StkId func;
+  int nresults;
+};
+
+
+static void f_call (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  struct CallS *c = cast(struct CallS *, ud);
+  luaD_callnoyield(L, c->func, c->nresults);
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
+                        lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k) {
+  struct CallS c;
+  int status;
+  ptrdiff_t func;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
+    "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
+  api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+  api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
+  checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+  if (errfunc == 0)
+    func = 0;
+  else {
+    StkId o = index2stack(L, errfunc);
+    api_check(L, ttisfunction(s2v(o)), "error handler must be a function");
+    func = savestack(L, o);
+  }
+  c.func = L->top.p - (nargs+1);  /* function to be called */
+  if (k == NULL || !yieldable(L)) {  /* no continuation or no yieldable? */
+    c.nresults = nresults;  /* do a 'conventional' protected call */
+    status = luaD_pcall(L, f_call, &c, savestack(L, c.func), func);
+  }
+  else {  /* prepare continuation (call is already protected by 'resume') */
+    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+    ci->u.c.k = k;  /* save continuation */
+    ci->u.c.ctx = ctx;  /* save context */
+    /* save information for error recovery */
+    ci->u2.funcidx = cast_int(savestack(L, c.func));
+    ci->u.c.old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+    L->errfunc = func;
+    setoah(ci->callstatus, L->allowhook);  /* save value of 'allowhook' */
+    ci->callstatus |= CIST_YPCALL;  /* function can do error recovery */
+    luaD_call(L, c.func, nresults);  /* do the call */
+    ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL;
+    L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+    status = LUA_OK;  /* if it is here, there were no errors */
+  }
+  adjustresults(L, nresults);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data,
+                      const char *chunkname, const char *mode) {
+  ZIO z;
+  int status;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (!chunkname) chunkname = "?";
+  luaZ_init(L, &z, reader, data);
+  status = luaD_protectedparser(L, &z, chunkname, mode);
+  if (status == LUA_OK) {  /* no errors? */
+    LClosure *f = clLvalue(s2v(L->top.p - 1));  /* get new function */
+    if (f->nupvalues >= 1) {  /* does it have an upvalue? */
+      /* get global table from registry */
+      const TValue *gt = getGtable(L);
+      /* set global table as 1st upvalue of 'f' (may be LUA_ENV) */
+      setobj(L, f->upvals[0]->v.p, gt);
+      luaC_barrier(L, f->upvals[0], gt);
+    }
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data, int strip) {
+  int status;
+  TValue *o;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  o = s2v(L->top.p - 1);
+  if (isLfunction(o))
+    status = luaU_dump(L, getproto(o), writer, data, strip);
+  else
+    status = 1;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) {
+  return L->status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Garbage-collection function
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
+  va_list argp;
+  int res = 0;
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (g->gcstp & GCSTPGC)  /* internal stop? */
+    return -1;  /* all options are invalid when stopped */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  va_start(argp, what);
+  switch (what) {
+    case LUA_GCSTOP: {
+      g->gcstp = GCSTPUSR;  /* stopped by the user */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCRESTART: {
+      luaE_setdebt(g, 0);
+      g->gcstp = 0;  /* (GCSTPGC must be already zero here) */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCCOLLECT: {
+      luaC_fullgc(L, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+      /* GC values are expressed in Kbytes: #bytes/2^10 */
+      res = cast_int(gettotalbytes(g) >> 10);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCCOUNTB: {
+      res = cast_int(gettotalbytes(g) & 0x3ff);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
+      l_mem debt = 1;  /* =1 to signal that it did an actual step */
+      lu_byte oldstp = g->gcstp;
+      g->gcstp = 0;  /* allow GC to run (GCSTPGC must be zero here) */
+      if (data == 0) {
+        luaE_setdebt(g, 0);  /* do a basic step */
+        luaC_step(L);
+      }
+      else {  /* add 'data' to total debt */
+        debt = cast(l_mem, data) * 1024 + g->GCdebt;
+        luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+        luaC_checkGC(L);
+      }
+      g->gcstp = oldstp;  /* restore previous state */
+      if (debt > 0 && g->gcstate == GCSpause)  /* end of cycle? */
+        res = 1;  /* signal it */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSETPAUSE: {
+      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = getgcparam(g->gcpause);
+      setgcparam(g->gcpause, data);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
+      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = getgcparam(g->gcstepmul);
+      setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, data);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
+      res = gcrunning(g);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCGEN: {
+      int minormul = va_arg(argp, int);
+      int majormul = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = isdecGCmodegen(g) ? LUA_GCGEN : LUA_GCINC;
+      if (minormul != 0)
+        g->genminormul = minormul;
+      if (majormul != 0)
+        setgcparam(g->genmajormul, majormul);
+      luaC_changemode(L, KGC_GEN);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCINC: {
+      int pause = va_arg(argp, int);
+      int stepmul = va_arg(argp, int);
+      int stepsize = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = isdecGCmodegen(g) ? LUA_GCGEN : LUA_GCINC;
+      if (pause != 0)
+        setgcparam(g->gcpause, pause);
+      if (stepmul != 0)
+        setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, stepmul);
+      if (stepsize != 0)
+        g->gcstepsize = stepsize;
+      luaC_changemode(L, KGC_INC);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: res = -1;  /* invalid option */
+  }
+  va_end(argp);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_error (lua_State *L) {
+  TValue *errobj;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  errobj = s2v(L->top.p - 1);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  /* error object is the memory error message? */
+  if (ttisshrstring(errobj) && eqshrstr(tsvalue(errobj), G(L)->memerrmsg))
+    luaM_error(L);  /* raise a memory error */
+  else
+    luaG_errormsg(L);  /* raise a regular error */
+  /* code unreachable; will unlock when control actually leaves the kernel */
+  return 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  Table *t;
+  int more;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  more = luaH_next(L, t, L->top.p - 1);
+  if (more) {
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  else  /* no more elements */
+    L->top.p -= 1;  /* remove key */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return more;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_toclose (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  int nresults;
+  StkId o;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  o = index2stack(L, idx);
+  nresults = L->ci->nresults;
+  api_check(L, L->tbclist.p < o, "given index below or equal a marked one");
+  luaF_newtbcupval(L, o);  /* create new to-be-closed upvalue */
+  if (!hastocloseCfunc(nresults))  /* function not marked yet? */
+    L->ci->nresults = codeNresults(nresults);  /* mark it */
+  lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(L->ci->nresults));
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, n);
+  if (n > 0)
+    luaV_concat(L, n);
+  else {  /* nothing to concatenate */
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, luaS_newlstr(L, "", 0));  /* push empty string */
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  TValue *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  luaV_objlen(L, L->top.p, t);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud) {
+  lua_Alloc f;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (ud) *ud = G(L)->ud;
+  f = G(L)->frealloc;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return f;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  G(L)->ud = ud;
+  G(L)->frealloc = f;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+void lua_setwarnf (lua_State *L, lua_WarnFunction f, void *ud) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  G(L)->ud_warn = ud;
+  G(L)->warnf = f;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+void lua_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  luaE_warning(L, msg, tocont);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_newuserdatauv (lua_State *L, size_t size, int nuvalue) {
+  Udata *u;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_check(L, 0 <= nuvalue && nuvalue < USHRT_MAX, "invalid value");
+  u = luaS_newudata(L, size, nuvalue);
+  setuvalue(L, s2v(L->top.p), u);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return getudatamem(u);
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *aux_upvalue (TValue *fi, int n, TValue **val,
+                                GCObject **owner) {
+  switch (ttypetag(fi)) {
+    case LUA_VCCL: {  /* C closure */
+      CClosure *f = clCvalue(fi);
+      if (!(cast_uint(n) - 1u < cast_uint(f->nupvalues)))
+        return NULL;  /* 'n' not in [1, f->nupvalues] */
+      *val = &f->upvalue[n-1];
+      if (owner) *owner = obj2gco(f);
+      return "";
+    }
+    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua closure */
+      LClosure *f = clLvalue(fi);
+      TString *name;
+      Proto *p = f->p;
+      if (!(cast_uint(n) - 1u  < cast_uint(p->sizeupvalues)))
+        return NULL;  /* 'n' not in [1, p->sizeupvalues] */
+      *val = f->upvals[n-1]->v.p;
+      if (owner) *owner = obj2gco(f->upvals[n - 1]);
+      name = p->upvalues[n-1].name;
+      return (name == NULL) ? "(no name)" : getstr(name);
+    }
+    default: return NULL;  /* not a closure */
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+  const char *name;
+  TValue *val = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  name = aux_upvalue(index2value(L, funcindex), n, &val, NULL);
+  if (name) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, val);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+  const char *name;
+  TValue *val = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  GCObject *owner = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  TValue *fi;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  fi = index2value(L, funcindex);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  name = aux_upvalue(fi, n, &val, &owner);
+  if (name) {
+    L->top.p--;
+    setobj(L, val, s2v(L->top.p));
+    luaC_barrier(L, owner, val);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+static UpVal **getupvalref (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n, LClosure **pf) {
+  static const UpVal *const nullup = NULL;
+  LClosure *f;
+  TValue *fi = index2value(L, fidx);
+  api_check(L, ttisLclosure(fi), "Lua function expected");
+  f = clLvalue(fi);
+  if (pf) *pf = f;
+  if (1 <= n && n <= f->p->sizeupvalues)
+    return &f->upvals[n - 1];  /* get its upvalue pointer */
+  else
+    return (UpVal**)&nullup;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_upvalueid (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n) {
+  TValue *fi = index2value(L, fidx);
+  switch (ttypetag(fi)) {
+    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* lua closure */
+      return *getupvalref(L, fidx, n, NULL);
+    }
+    case LUA_VCCL: {  /* C closure */
+      CClosure *f = clCvalue(fi);
+      if (1 <= n && n <= f->nupvalues)
+        return &f->upvalue[n - 1];
+      /* else */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case LUA_VLCF:
+      return NULL;  /* light C functions have no upvalues */
+    default: {
+      api_check(L, 0, "function expected");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
+                                            int fidx2, int n2) {
+  LClosure *f1;
+  UpVal **up1 = getupvalref(L, fidx1, n1, &f1);
+  UpVal **up2 = getupvalref(L, fidx2, n2, NULL);
+  api_check(L, *up1 != NULL && *up2 != NULL, "invalid upvalue index");
+  *up1 = *up2;
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, f1, *up1);
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lapi.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lapi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a742427cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lapi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.h $
+** Auxiliary functions from Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lapi_h
+#define lapi_h
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+/* Increments 'L->top.p', checking for stack overflows */
+#define api_incr_top(L)	{L->top.p++; \
+			 api_check(L, L->top.p <= L->ci->top.p, \
+					"stack overflow");}
+
+
+/*
+** If a call returns too many multiple returns, the callee may not have
+** stack space to accommodate all results. In this case, this macro
+** increases its stack space ('L->ci->top.p').
+*/
+#define adjustresults(L,nres) \
+    { if ((nres) <= LUA_MULTRET && L->ci->top.p < L->top.p) \
+	L->ci->top.p = L->top.p; }
+
+
+/* Ensure the stack has at least 'n' elements */
+#define api_checknelems(L,n) \
+	api_check(L, (n) < (L->top.p - L->ci->func.p), \
+			  "not enough elements in the stack")
+
+
+/*
+** To reduce the overhead of returning from C functions, the presence of
+** to-be-closed variables in these functions is coded in the CallInfo's
+** field 'nresults', in a way that functions with no to-be-closed variables
+** with zero, one, or "all" wanted results have no overhead. Functions
+** with other number of wanted results, as well as functions with
+** variables to be closed, have an extra check.
+*/
+
+#define hastocloseCfunc(n)	((n) < LUA_MULTRET)
+
+/* Map [-1, inf) (range of 'nresults') into (-inf, -2] */
+#define codeNresults(n)		(-(n) - 3)
+#define decodeNresults(n)	(-(n) - 3)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lauxlib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lauxlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ca6c65488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lauxlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1112 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.c $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lauxlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/*
+** This file uses only the official API of Lua.
+** Any function declared here could be written as an application function.
+*/
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(MAX_SIZET)
+/* maximum value for size_t */
+#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Traceback
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define LEVELS1	10	/* size of the first part of the stack */
+#define LEVELS2	11	/* size of the second part of the stack */
+
+
+
+/*
+** Search for 'objidx' in table at index -1. ('objidx' must be an
+** absolute index.) Return 1 + string at top if it found a good name.
+*/
+static int findfield (lua_State *L, int objidx, int level) {
+  if (level == 0 || !lua_istable(L, -1))
+    return 0;  /* not found */
+  lua_pushnil(L);  /* start 'next' loop */
+  while (lua_next(L, -2)) {  /* for each pair in table */
+    if (lua_type(L, -2) == LUA_TSTRING) {  /* ignore non-string keys */
+      if (lua_rawequal(L, objidx, -1)) {  /* found object? */
+        lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value (but keep name) */
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else if (findfield(L, objidx, level - 1)) {  /* try recursively */
+        /* stack: lib_name, lib_table, field_name (top) */
+        lua_pushliteral(L, ".");  /* place '.' between the two names */
+        lua_replace(L, -3);  /* (in the slot occupied by table) */
+        lua_concat(L, 3);  /* lib_name.field_name */
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
+  }
+  return 0;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Search for a name for a function in all loaded modules
+*/
+static int pushglobalfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  int top = lua_gettop(L);
+  lua_getinfo(L, "f", ar);  /* push function */
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  if (findfield(L, top + 1, 2)) {
+    const char *name = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+    if (strncmp(name, LUA_GNAME ".", 3) == 0) {  /* name start with '_G.'? */
+      lua_pushstring(L, name + 3);  /* push name without prefix */
+      lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove original name */
+    }
+    lua_copy(L, -1, top + 1);  /* copy name to proper place */
+    lua_settop(L, top + 1);  /* remove table "loaded" and name copy */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_settop(L, top);  /* remove function and global table */
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void pushfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  if (pushglobalfuncname(L, ar)) {  /* try first a global name */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "function '%s'", lua_tostring(L, -1));
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove name */
+  }
+  else if (*ar->namewhat != '\0')  /* is there a name from code? */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "%s '%s'", ar->namewhat, ar->name);  /* use it */
+  else if (*ar->what == 'm')  /* main? */
+      lua_pushliteral(L, "main chunk");
+  else if (*ar->what != 'C')  /* for Lua functions, use <file:line> */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "function <%s:%d>", ar->short_src, ar->linedefined);
+  else  /* nothing left... */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "?");
+}
+
+
+static int lastlevel (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  int li = 1, le = 1;
+  /* find an upper bound */
+  while (lua_getstack(L, le, &ar)) { li = le; le *= 2; }
+  /* do a binary search */
+  while (li < le) {
+    int m = (li + le)/2;
+    if (lua_getstack(L, m, &ar)) li = m + 1;
+    else le = m;
+  }
+  return le - 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
+                                const char *msg, int level) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  int last = lastlevel(L1);
+  int limit2show = (last - level > LEVELS1 + LEVELS2) ? LEVELS1 : -1;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  if (msg) {
+    luaL_addstring(&b, msg);
+    luaL_addchar(&b, '\n');
+  }
+  luaL_addstring(&b, "stack traceback:");
+  while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {
+    if (limit2show-- == 0) {  /* too many levels? */
+      int n = last - level - LEVELS2 + 1;  /* number of levels to skip */
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t...\t(skipping %d levels)", n);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);  /* add warning about skip */
+      level += n;  /* and skip to last levels */
+    }
+    else {
+      lua_getinfo(L1, "Slnt", &ar);
+      if (ar.currentline <= 0)
+        lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t%s: in ", ar.short_src);
+      else
+        lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t%s:%d: in ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);
+      pushfuncname(L, &ar);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);
+      if (ar.istailcall)
+        luaL_addstring(&b, "\n\t(...tail calls...)");
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-report functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg) {
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  if (!lua_getstack(L, 0, &ar))  /* no stack frame? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d (%s)", arg, extramsg);
+  lua_getinfo(L, "n", &ar);
+  if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) {
+    arg--;  /* do not count 'self' */
+    if (arg == 0)  /* error is in the self argument itself? */
+      return luaL_error(L, "calling '%s' on bad self (%s)",
+                           ar.name, extramsg);
+  }
+  if (ar.name == NULL)
+    ar.name = (pushglobalfuncname(L, &ar)) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) : "?";
+  return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d to '%s' (%s)",
+                        arg, ar.name, extramsg);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_typeerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname) {
+  const char *msg;
+  const char *typearg;  /* name for the type of the actual argument */
+  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, arg, "__name") == LUA_TSTRING)
+    typearg = lua_tostring(L, -1);  /* use the given type name */
+  else if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+    typearg = "light userdata";  /* special name for messages */
+  else
+    typearg = luaL_typename(L, arg);  /* standard name */
+  msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s expected, got %s", tname, typearg);
+  return luaL_argerror(L, arg, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void tag_error (lua_State *L, int arg, int tag) {
+  luaL_typeerror(L, arg, lua_typename(L, tag));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** The use of 'lua_pushfstring' ensures this function does not
+** need reserved stack space when called.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int level) {
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar)) {  /* check function at level */
+    lua_getinfo(L, "Sl", &ar);  /* get info about it */
+    if (ar.currentline > 0) {  /* is there info? */
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "");  /* else, no information available... */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Again, the use of 'lua_pushvfstring' ensures this function does
+** not need reserved stack space when called. (At worst, it generates
+** an error with "stack overflow" instead of the given message.)
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list argp;
+  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  luaL_where(L, 1);
+  lua_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+  va_end(argp);
+  lua_concat(L, 2);
+  return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname) {
+  int en = errno;  /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
+  if (stat) {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    if (fname)
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", fname, strerror(en));
+    else
+      lua_pushstring(L, strerror(en));
+    lua_pushinteger(L, en);
+    return 3;
+  }
+}
+
+
+#if !defined(l_inspectstat)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+/*
+** use appropriate macros to interpret 'pclose' return status
+*/
+#define l_inspectstat(stat,what)  \
+   if (WIFEXITED(stat)) { stat = WEXITSTATUS(stat); } \
+   else if (WIFSIGNALED(stat)) { stat = WTERMSIG(stat); what = "signal"; }
+
+#else
+
+#define l_inspectstat(stat,what)  /* no op */
+
+#endif
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat) {
+  if (stat != 0 && errno != 0)  /* error with an 'errno'? */
+    return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+  else {
+    const char *what = "exit";  /* type of termination */
+    l_inspectstat(stat, what);  /* interpret result */
+    if (*what == 'e' && stat == 0)  /* successful termination? */
+      lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    else
+      luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_pushstring(L, what);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, stat);
+    return 3;  /* return true/fail,what,code */
+  }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Userdata's metatable manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {
+  if (luaL_getmetatable(L, tname) != LUA_TNIL)  /* name already in use? */
+    return 0;  /* leave previous value on top, but return 0 */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);
+  lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);  /* create metatable */
+  lua_pushstring(L, tname);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__name");  /* metatable.__name = tname */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+  lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname);  /* registry.name = metatable */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {
+  luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);
+  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {
+  void *p = lua_touserdata(L, ud);
+  if (p != NULL) {  /* value is a userdata? */
+    if (lua_getmetatable(L, ud)) {  /* does it have a metatable? */
+      luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);  /* get correct metatable */
+      if (!lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2))  /* not the same? */
+        p = NULL;  /* value is a userdata with wrong metatable */
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both metatables */
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* value is not a userdata with a metatable */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {
+  void *p = luaL_testudata(L, ud, tname);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, p != NULL, ud, tname);
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Argument check functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *def,
+                                 const char *const lst[]) {
+  const char *name = (def) ? luaL_optstring(L, arg, def) :
+                             luaL_checkstring(L, arg);
+  int i;
+  for (i=0; lst[i]; i++)
+    if (strcmp(lst[i], name) == 0)
+      return i;
+  return luaL_argerror(L, arg,
+                       lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid option '%s'", name));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures the stack has at least 'space' extra slots, raising an error
+** if it cannot fulfill the request. (The error handling needs a few
+** extra slots to format the error message. In case of an error without
+** this extra space, Lua will generate the same 'stack overflow' error,
+** but without 'msg'.)
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int space, const char *msg) {
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_checkstack(L, space))) {
+    if (msg)
+      luaL_error(L, "stack overflow (%s)", msg);
+    else
+      luaL_error(L, "stack overflow");
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int arg, int t) {
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_type(L, arg) != t))
+    tag_error(L, arg, t);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNONE))
+    luaL_argerror(L, arg, "value expected");
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int arg, size_t *len) {
+  const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, arg, len);
+  if (l_unlikely(!s)) tag_error(L, arg, LUA_TSTRING);
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                        const char *def, size_t *len) {
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg)) {
+    if (len)
+      *len = (def ? strlen(def) : 0);
+    return def;
+  }
+  else return luaL_checklstring(L, arg, len);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  int isnum;
+  lua_Number d = lua_tonumberx(L, arg, &isnum);
+  if (l_unlikely(!isnum))
+    tag_error(L, arg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+  return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Number def) {
+  return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checknumber, arg, def);
+}
+
+
+static void interror (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  if (lua_isnumber(L, arg))
+    luaL_argerror(L, arg, "number has no integer representation");
+  else
+    tag_error(L, arg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  int isnum;
+  lua_Integer d = lua_tointegerx(L, arg, &isnum);
+  if (l_unlikely(!isnum)) {
+    interror(L, arg);
+  }
+  return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                                      lua_Integer def) {
+  return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, arg, def);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/* userdata to box arbitrary data */
+typedef struct UBox {
+  void *box;
+  size_t bsize;
+} UBox;
+
+
+static void *resizebox (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t newsize) {
+  void *ud;
+  lua_Alloc allocf = lua_getallocf(L, &ud);
+  UBox *box = (UBox *)lua_touserdata(L, idx);
+  void *temp = allocf(ud, box->box, box->bsize, newsize);
+  if (l_unlikely(temp == NULL && newsize > 0)) {  /* allocation error? */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "not enough memory");
+    lua_error(L);  /* raise a memory error */
+  }
+  box->box = temp;
+  box->bsize = newsize;
+  return temp;
+}
+
+
+static int boxgc (lua_State *L) {
+  resizebox(L, 1, 0);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg boxmt[] = {  /* box metamethods */
+  {"__gc", boxgc},
+  {"__close", boxgc},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void newbox (lua_State *L) {
+  UBox *box = (UBox *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(UBox), 0);
+  box->box = NULL;
+  box->bsize = 0;
+  if (luaL_newmetatable(L, "_UBOX*"))  /* creating metatable? */
+    luaL_setfuncs(L, boxmt, 0);  /* set its metamethods */
+  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether buffer is using a userdata on the stack as a temporary
+** buffer
+*/
+#define buffonstack(B)	((B)->b != (B)->init.b)
+
+
+/*
+** Whenever buffer is accessed, slot 'idx' must either be a box (which
+** cannot be NULL) or it is a placeholder for the buffer.
+*/
+#define checkbufferlevel(B,idx)  \
+  lua_assert(buffonstack(B) ? lua_touserdata(B->L, idx) != NULL  \
+                            : lua_touserdata(B->L, idx) == (void*)B)
+
+
+/*
+** Compute new size for buffer 'B', enough to accommodate extra 'sz'
+** bytes. (The test for "not big enough" also gets the case when the
+** computation of 'newsize' overflows.)
+*/
+static size_t newbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+  size_t newsize = (B->size / 2) * 3;  /* buffer size * 1.5 */
+  if (l_unlikely(MAX_SIZET - sz < B->n))  /* overflow in (B->n + sz)? */
+    return luaL_error(B->L, "buffer too large");
+  if (newsize < B->n + sz)  /* not big enough? */
+    newsize = B->n + sz;
+  return newsize;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Returns a pointer to a free area with at least 'sz' bytes in buffer
+** 'B'. 'boxidx' is the relative position in the stack where is the
+** buffer's box or its placeholder.
+*/
+static char *prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz, int boxidx) {
+  checkbufferlevel(B, boxidx);
+  if (B->size - B->n >= sz)  /* enough space? */
+    return B->b + B->n;
+  else {
+    lua_State *L = B->L;
+    char *newbuff;
+    size_t newsize = newbuffsize(B, sz);
+    /* create larger buffer */
+    if (buffonstack(B))  /* buffer already has a box? */
+      newbuff = (char *)resizebox(L, boxidx, newsize);  /* resize it */
+    else {  /* no box yet */
+      lua_remove(L, boxidx);  /* remove placeholder */
+      newbox(L);  /* create a new box */
+      lua_insert(L, boxidx);  /* move box to its intended position */
+      lua_toclose(L, boxidx);
+      newbuff = (char *)resizebox(L, boxidx, newsize);
+      memcpy(newbuff, B->b, B->n * sizeof(char));  /* copy original content */
+    }
+    B->b = newbuff;
+    B->size = newsize;
+    return newbuff + B->n;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** returns a pointer to a free area with at least 'sz' bytes
+*/
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+  return prepbuffsize(B, sz, -1);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l) {
+  if (l > 0) {  /* avoid 'memcpy' when 's' can be NULL */
+    char *b = prepbuffsize(B, l, -1);
+    memcpy(b, s, l * sizeof(char));
+    luaL_addsize(B, l);
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s) {
+  luaL_addlstring(B, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+  lua_State *L = B->L;
+  checkbufferlevel(B, -1);
+  lua_pushlstring(L, B->b, B->n);
+  if (buffonstack(B))
+    lua_closeslot(L, -2);  /* close the box */
+  lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove box or placeholder from the stack */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+  luaL_addsize(B, sz);
+  luaL_pushresult(B);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** 'luaL_addvalue' is the only function in the Buffer system where the
+** box (if existent) is not on the top of the stack. So, instead of
+** calling 'luaL_addlstring', it replicates the code using -2 as the
+** last argument to 'prepbuffsize', signaling that the box is (or will
+** be) below the string being added to the buffer. (Box creation can
+** trigger an emergency GC, so we should not remove the string from the
+** stack before we have the space guaranteed.)
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+  lua_State *L = B->L;
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &len);
+  char *b = prepbuffsize(B, len, -2);
+  memcpy(b, s, len * sizeof(char));
+  luaL_addsize(B, len);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop string */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B) {
+  B->L = L;
+  B->b = B->init.b;
+  B->n = 0;
+  B->size = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;
+  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)B);  /* push placeholder */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+  luaL_buffinit(L, B);
+  return prepbuffsize(B, sz, -1);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Reference system
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/* index of free-list header (after the predefined values) */
+#define freelist	(LUA_RIDX_LAST + 1)
+
+/*
+** The previously freed references form a linked list:
+** t[freelist] is the index of a first free index, or zero if list is
+** empty; t[t[freelist]] is the index of the second element; etc.
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {
+  int ref;
+  if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove from stack */
+    return LUA_REFNIL;  /* 'nil' has a unique fixed reference */
+  }
+  t = lua_absindex(L, t);
+  if (lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist) == LUA_TNIL) {  /* first access? */
+    ref = 0;  /* list is empty */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* initialize as an empty list */
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* ref = t[freelist] = 0 */
+  }
+  else {  /* already initialized */
+    lua_assert(lua_isinteger(L, -1));
+    ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1);  /* ref = t[freelist] */
+  }
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove element from stack */
+  if (ref != 0) {  /* any free element? */
+    lua_rawgeti(L, t, ref);  /* remove it from list */
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* (t[freelist] = t[ref]) */
+  }
+  else  /* no free elements */
+    ref = (int)lua_rawlen(L, t) + 1;  /* get a new reference */
+  lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);
+  return ref;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) {
+  if (ref >= 0) {
+    t = lua_absindex(L, t);
+    lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist);
+    lua_assert(lua_isinteger(L, -1));
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);  /* t[ref] = t[freelist] */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, ref);
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* t[freelist] = ref */
+  }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Load functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+typedef struct LoadF {
+  int n;  /* number of pre-read characters */
+  FILE *f;  /* file being read */
+  char buff[BUFSIZ];  /* area for reading file */
+} LoadF;
+
+
+static const char *getF (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+  LoadF *lf = (LoadF *)ud;
+  (void)L;  /* not used */
+  if (lf->n > 0) {  /* are there pre-read characters to be read? */
+    *size = lf->n;  /* return them (chars already in buffer) */
+    lf->n = 0;  /* no more pre-read characters */
+  }
+  else {  /* read a block from file */
+    /* 'fread' can return > 0 *and* set the EOF flag. If next call to
+       'getF' called 'fread', it might still wait for user input.
+       The next check avoids this problem. */
+    if (feof(lf->f)) return NULL;
+    *size = fread(lf->buff, 1, sizeof(lf->buff), lf->f);  /* read block */
+  }
+  return lf->buff;
+}
+
+
+static int errfile (lua_State *L, const char *what, int fnameindex) {
+  const char *serr = strerror(errno);
+  const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, fnameindex) + 1;
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot %s %s: %s", what, filename, serr);
+  lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+  return LUA_ERRFILE;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Skip an optional BOM at the start of a stream. If there is an
+** incomplete BOM (the first character is correct but the rest is
+** not), returns the first character anyway to force an error
+** (as no chunk can start with 0xEF).
+*/
+static int skipBOM (FILE *f) {
+  int c = getc(f);  /* read first character */
+  if (c == 0xEF && getc(f) == 0xBB && getc(f) == 0xBF)  /* correct BOM? */
+    return getc(f);  /* ignore BOM and return next char */
+  else  /* no (valid) BOM */
+    return c;  /* return first character */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** reads the first character of file 'f' and skips an optional BOM mark
+** in its beginning plus its first line if it starts with '#'. Returns
+** true if it skipped the first line.  In any case, '*cp' has the
+** first "valid" character of the file (after the optional BOM and
+** a first-line comment).
+*/
+static int skipcomment (FILE *f, int *cp) {
+  int c = *cp = skipBOM(f);
+  if (c == '#') {  /* first line is a comment (Unix exec. file)? */
+    do {  /* skip first line */
+      c = getc(f);
+    } while (c != EOF && c != '\n');
+    *cp = getc(f);  /* next character after comment, if present */
+    return 1;  /* there was a comment */
+  }
+  else return 0;  /* no comment */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+                                             const char *mode) {
+  LoadF lf;
+  int status, readstatus;
+  int c;
+  int fnameindex = lua_gettop(L) + 1;  /* index of filename on the stack */
+  if (filename == NULL) {
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "=stdin");
+    lf.f = stdin;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "@%s", filename);
+    lf.f = fopen(filename, "r");
+    if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);
+  }
+  lf.n = 0;
+  if (skipcomment(lf.f, &c))  /* read initial portion */
+    lf.buff[lf.n++] = '\n';  /* add newline to correct line numbers */
+  if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) {  /* binary file? */
+    lf.n = 0;  /* remove possible newline */
+    if (filename) {  /* "real" file? */
+      lf.f = freopen(filename, "rb", lf.f);  /* reopen in binary mode */
+      if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex);
+      skipcomment(lf.f, &c);  /* re-read initial portion */
+    }
+  }
+  if (c != EOF)
+    lf.buff[lf.n++] = c;  /* 'c' is the first character of the stream */
+  status = lua_load(L, getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1), mode);
+  readstatus = ferror(lf.f);
+  if (filename) fclose(lf.f);  /* close file (even in case of errors) */
+  if (readstatus) {
+    lua_settop(L, fnameindex);  /* ignore results from 'lua_load' */
+    return errfile(L, "read", fnameindex);
+  }
+  lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+typedef struct LoadS {
+  const char *s;
+  size_t size;
+} LoadS;
+
+
+static const char *getS (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+  LoadS *ls = (LoadS *)ud;
+  (void)L;  /* not used */
+  if (ls->size == 0) return NULL;
+  *size = ls->size;
+  ls->size = 0;
+  return ls->s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t size,
+                                 const char *name, const char *mode) {
+  LoadS ls;
+  ls.s = buff;
+  ls.size = size;
+  return lua_load(L, getS, &ls, name, mode);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+  return luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), s);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {
+  if (!lua_getmetatable(L, obj))  /* no metatable? */
+    return LUA_TNIL;
+  else {
+    int tt;
+    lua_pushstring(L, event);
+    tt = lua_rawget(L, -2);
+    if (tt == LUA_TNIL)  /* is metafield nil? */
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove metatable and metafield */
+    else
+      lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove only metatable */
+    return tt;  /* return metafield type */
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {
+  obj = lua_absindex(L, obj);
+  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, obj, event) == LUA_TNIL)  /* no metafield? */
+    return 0;
+  lua_pushvalue(L, obj);
+  lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  lua_Integer l;
+  int isnum;
+  lua_len(L, idx);
+  l = lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
+  if (l_unlikely(!isnum))
+    luaL_error(L, "object length is not an integer");
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove object */
+  return l;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+  idx = lua_absindex(L,idx);
+  if (luaL_callmeta(L, idx, "__tostring")) {  /* metafield? */
+    if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+      luaL_error(L, "'__tostring' must return a string");
+  }
+  else {
+    switch (lua_type(L, idx)) {
+      case LUA_TNUMBER: {
+        if (lua_isinteger(L, idx))
+          lua_pushfstring(L, "%I", (LUAI_UACINT)lua_tointeger(L, idx));
+        else
+          lua_pushfstring(L, "%f", (LUAI_UACNUMBER)lua_tonumber(L, idx));
+        break;
+      }
+      case LUA_TSTRING:
+        lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+        break;
+      case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+        lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, idx) ? "true" : "false"));
+        break;
+      case LUA_TNIL:
+        lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
+        break;
+      default: {
+        int tt = luaL_getmetafield(L, idx, "__name");  /* try name */
+        const char *kind = (tt == LUA_TSTRING) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) :
+                                                 luaL_typename(L, idx);
+        lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", kind, lua_topointer(L, idx));
+        if (tt != LUA_TNIL)
+          lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove '__name' */
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return lua_tolstring(L, -1, len);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set functions from list 'l' into table at top - 'nup'; each
+** function gets the 'nup' elements at the top as upvalues.
+** Returns with only the table at the stack.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {
+  luaL_checkstack(L, nup, "too many upvalues");
+  for (; l->name != NULL; l++) {  /* fill the table with given functions */
+    if (l->func == NULL)  /* place holder? */
+      lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+    else {
+      int i;
+      for (i = 0; i < nup; i++)  /* copy upvalues to the top */
+        lua_pushvalue(L, -nup);
+      lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup);  /* closure with those upvalues */
+    }
+    lua_setfield(L, -(nup + 2), l->name);
+  }
+  lua_pop(L, nup);  /* remove upvalues */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** ensure that stack[idx][fname] has a table and push that table
+** into the stack
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getsubtable (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname) {
+  if (lua_getfield(L, idx, fname) == LUA_TTABLE)
+    return 1;  /* table already there */
+  else {
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove previous result */
+    idx = lua_absindex(L, idx);
+    lua_newtable(L);
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* copy to be left at top */
+    lua_setfield(L, idx, fname);  /* assign new table to field */
+    return 0;  /* false, because did not find table there */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Stripped-down 'require': After checking "loaded" table, calls 'openf'
+** to open a module, registers the result in 'package.loaded' table and,
+** if 'glb' is true, also registers the result in the global table.
+** Leaves resulting module on the top.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_requiref (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+                               lua_CFunction openf, int glb) {
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  lua_getfield(L, -1, modname);  /* LOADED[modname] */
+  if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) {  /* package not already loaded? */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove field */
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, openf);
+    lua_pushstring(L, modname);  /* argument to open function */
+    lua_call(L, 1, 1);  /* call 'openf' to open module */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* make copy of module (call result) */
+    lua_setfield(L, -3, modname);  /* LOADED[modname] = module */
+  }
+  lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove LOADED table */
+  if (glb) {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* copy of module */
+    lua_setglobal(L, modname);  /* _G[modname] = module */
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addgsub (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                     const char *p, const char *r) {
+  const char *wild;
+  size_t l = strlen(p);
+  while ((wild = strstr(s, p)) != NULL) {
+    luaL_addlstring(b, s, wild - s);  /* push prefix */
+    luaL_addstring(b, r);  /* push replacement in place of pattern */
+    s = wild + l;  /* continue after 'p' */
+  }
+  luaL_addstring(b, s);  /* push last suffix */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, const char *s,
+                                  const char *p, const char *r) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  luaL_addgsub(&b, s, p, r);
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  return lua_tostring(L, -1);
+}
+
+
+static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  (void)ud; (void)osize;  /* not used */
+  if (nsize == 0) {
+    free(ptr);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  else
+    return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static int panic (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+  if (msg == NULL) msg = "error object is not a string";
+  lua_writestringerror("PANIC: unprotected error in call to Lua API (%s)\n",
+                        msg);
+  return 0;  /* return to Lua to abort */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Warning functions:
+** warnfoff: warning system is off
+** warnfon: ready to start a new message
+** warnfcont: previous message is to be continued
+*/
+static void warnfoff (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont);
+static void warnfon (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont);
+static void warnfcont (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont);
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether message is a control message. If so, execute the
+** control or ignore it if unknown.
+*/
+static int checkcontrol (lua_State *L, const char *message, int tocont) {
+  if (tocont || *(message++) != '@')  /* not a control message? */
+    return 0;
+  else {
+    if (strcmp(message, "off") == 0)
+      lua_setwarnf(L, warnfoff, L);  /* turn warnings off */
+    else if (strcmp(message, "on") == 0)
+      lua_setwarnf(L, warnfon, L);   /* turn warnings on */
+    return 1;  /* it was a control message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void warnfoff (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont) {
+  checkcontrol((lua_State *)ud, message, tocont);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Writes the message and handle 'tocont', finishing the message
+** if needed and setting the next warn function.
+*/
+static void warnfcont (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont) {
+  lua_State *L = (lua_State *)ud;
+  lua_writestringerror("%s", message);  /* write message */
+  if (tocont)  /* not the last part? */
+    lua_setwarnf(L, warnfcont, L);  /* to be continued */
+  else {  /* last part */
+    lua_writestringerror("%s", "\n");  /* finish message with end-of-line */
+    lua_setwarnf(L, warnfon, L);  /* next call is a new message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void warnfon (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont) {
+  if (checkcontrol((lua_State *)ud, message, tocont))  /* control message? */
+    return;  /* nothing else to be done */
+  lua_writestringerror("%s", "Lua warning: ");  /* start a new warning */
+  warnfcont(ud, message, tocont);  /* finish processing */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *luaL_newstate (void) {
+  lua_State *L = lua_newstate(l_alloc, NULL);
+  if (l_likely(L)) {
+    lua_atpanic(L, &panic);
+    lua_setwarnf(L, warnfoff, L);  /* default is warnings off */
+  }
+  return L;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkversion_ (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver, size_t sz) {
+  lua_Number v = lua_version(L);
+  if (sz != LUAL_NUMSIZES)  /* check numeric types */
+    luaL_error(L, "core and library have incompatible numeric types");
+  else if (v != ver)
+    luaL_error(L, "version mismatch: app. needs %f, Lua core provides %f",
+                  (LUAI_UACNUMBER)ver, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)v);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lauxlib.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lauxlib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b977e2a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lauxlib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.h $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lauxlib_h
+#define lauxlib_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* global table */
+#define LUA_GNAME	"_G"
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;
+
+
+/* extra error code for 'luaL_loadfilex' */
+#define LUA_ERRFILE     (LUA_ERRERR+1)
+
+
+/* key, in the registry, for table of loaded modules */
+#define LUA_LOADED_TABLE	"_LOADED"
+
+
+/* key, in the registry, for table of preloaded loaders */
+#define LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE	"_PRELOAD"
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Reg {
+  const char *name;
+  lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;
+
+
+#define LUAL_NUMSIZES	(sizeof(lua_Integer)*16 + sizeof(lua_Number))
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkversion_) (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver, size_t sz);
+#define luaL_checkversion(L)  \
+	  luaL_checkversion_(L, LUA_VERSION_NUM, LUAL_NUMSIZES)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getmetafield) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_callmeta) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_typeerror) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                                          size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                          const char *def, size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int arg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Number def);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int arg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                          lua_Integer def);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int arg, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int arg);
+
+LUALIB_API int   (luaL_newmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void  (luaL_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_testudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_checkudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_where) (lua_State *L, int lvl);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_error) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *def,
+                                   const char *const lst[]);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_fileresult) (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_execresult) (lua_State *L, int stat);
+
+
+/* predefined references */
+#define LUA_NOREF       (-2)
+#define LUA_REFNIL      (-1)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_ref) (lua_State *L, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_unref) (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadfilex) (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+                                               const char *mode);
+
+#define luaL_loadfile(L,f)	luaL_loadfilex(L,f,NULL)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadbufferx) (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t sz,
+                                   const char *name, const char *mode);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addgsub) (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                     const char *p, const char *r);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s,
+                                    const char *p, const char *r);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_setfuncs) (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getsubtable) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_traceback) (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
+                                  const char *msg, int level);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_requiref) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+                                 lua_CFunction openf, int glb);
+
+/*
+** ===============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define luaL_newlibtable(L,l)	\
+  lua_createtable(L, 0, sizeof(l)/sizeof((l)[0]) - 1)
+
+#define luaL_newlib(L,l)  \
+  (luaL_checkversion(L), luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
+
+#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,arg,extramsg)	\
+	((void)(luai_likely(cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (arg), (extramsg))))
+
+#define luaL_argexpected(L,cond,arg,tname)	\
+	((void)(luai_likely(cond) || luaL_typeerror(L, (arg), (tname))))
+
+#define luaL_checkstring(L,n)	(luaL_checklstring(L, (n), NULL))
+#define luaL_optstring(L,n,d)	(luaL_optlstring(L, (n), (d), NULL))
+
+#define luaL_typename(L,i)	lua_typename(L, lua_type(L,(i)))
+
+#define luaL_dofile(L, fn) \
+	(luaL_loadfile(L, fn) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_dostring(L, s) \
+	(luaL_loadstring(L, s) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_getmetatable(L,n)	(lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (n)))
+
+#define luaL_opt(L,f,n,d)	(lua_isnoneornil(L,(n)) ? (d) : f(L,(n)))
+
+#define luaL_loadbuffer(L,s,sz,n)	luaL_loadbufferx(L,s,sz,n,NULL)
+
+
+/*
+** Perform arithmetic operations on lua_Integer values with wrap-around
+** semantics, as the Lua core does.
+*/
+#define luaL_intop(op,v1,v2)  \
+	((lua_Integer)((lua_Unsigned)(v1) op (lua_Unsigned)(v2)))
+
+
+/* push the value used to represent failure/error */
+#define luaL_pushfail(L)	lua_pushnil(L)
+
+
+/*
+** Internal assertions for in-house debugging
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_assert)
+
+#if defined LUAI_ASSERT
+  #include <assert.h>
+  #define lua_assert(c)		assert(c)
+#else
+  #define lua_assert(c)		((void)0)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+struct luaL_Buffer {
+  char *b;  /* buffer address */
+  size_t size;  /* buffer size */
+  size_t n;  /* number of characters in buffer */
+  lua_State *L;
+  union {
+    LUAI_MAXALIGN;  /* ensure maximum alignment for buffer */
+    char b[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE];  /* initial buffer */
+  } init;
+};
+
+
+#define luaL_bufflen(bf)	((bf)->n)
+#define luaL_buffaddr(bf)	((bf)->b)
+
+
+#define luaL_addchar(B,c) \
+  ((void)((B)->n < (B)->size || luaL_prepbuffsize((B), 1)), \
+   ((B)->b[(B)->n++] = (c)))
+
+#define luaL_addsize(B,s)	((B)->n += (s))
+
+#define luaL_buffsub(B,s)	((B)->n -= (s))
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_buffinit) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_prepbuffsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addlstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addvalue) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresult) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresultsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_buffinitsize) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+
+#define luaL_prepbuffer(B)	luaL_prepbuffsize(B, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE)
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** File handles for IO library
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** A file handle is a userdata with metatable 'LUA_FILEHANDLE' and
+** initial structure 'luaL_Stream' (it may contain other fields
+** after that initial structure).
+*/
+
+#define LUA_FILEHANDLE          "FILE*"
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Stream {
+  FILE *f;  /* stream (NULL for incompletely created streams) */
+  lua_CFunction closef;  /* to close stream (NULL for closed streams) */
+} luaL_Stream;
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** "Abstraction Layer" for basic report of messages and errors
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* print a string */
+#if !defined(lua_writestring)
+#define lua_writestring(s,l)   fwrite((s), sizeof(char), (l), stdout)
+#endif
+
+/* print a newline and flush the output */
+#if !defined(lua_writeline)
+#define lua_writeline()        (lua_writestring("\n", 1), fflush(stdout))
+#endif
+
+/* print an error message */
+#if !defined(lua_writestringerror)
+#define lua_writestringerror(s,p) \
+        (fprintf(stderr, (s), (p)), fflush(stderr))
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {============================================================
+** Compatibility with deprecated conversions
+** =============================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS)
+
+#define luaL_checkunsigned(L,a)	((lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L,a))
+#define luaL_optunsigned(L,a,d)	\
+	((lua_Unsigned)luaL_optinteger(L,a,(lua_Integer)(d)))
+
+#define luaL_checkint(L,n)	((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optint(L,n,d)	((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+
+#define luaL_checklong(L,n)	((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d)	((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+
+#endif
+/* }============================================================ */
+
+
+
+#endif
+
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lbaselib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lbaselib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d60c9dede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lbaselib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lbaselib.c $
+** Basic library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lbaselib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int i;
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {  /* for each argument */
+    size_t l;
+    const char *s = luaL_tolstring(L, i, &l);  /* convert it to string */
+    if (i > 1)  /* not the first element? */
+      lua_writestring("\t", 1);  /* add a tab before it */
+    lua_writestring(s, l);  /* print it */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop result */
+  }
+  lua_writeline();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates a warning with all given arguments.
+** Check first for errors; otherwise an error may interrupt
+** the composition of a warning, leaving it unfinished.
+*/
+static int luaB_warn (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int i;
+  luaL_checkstring(L, 1);  /* at least one argument */
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
+    luaL_checkstring(L, i);  /* make sure all arguments are strings */
+  for (i = 1; i < n; i++)  /* compose warning */
+    lua_warning(L, lua_tostring(L, i), 1);
+  lua_warning(L, lua_tostring(L, n), 0);  /* close warning */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+#define SPACECHARS	" \f\n\r\t\v"
+
+static const char *b_str2int (const char *s, int base, lua_Integer *pn) {
+  lua_Unsigned n = 0;
+  int neg = 0;
+  s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip initial spaces */
+  if (*s == '-') { s++; neg = 1; }  /* handle sign */
+  else if (*s == '+') s++;
+  if (!isalnum((unsigned char)*s))  /* no digit? */
+    return NULL;
+  do {
+    int digit = (isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) ? *s - '0'
+                   : (toupper((unsigned char)*s) - 'A') + 10;
+    if (digit >= base) return NULL;  /* invalid numeral */
+    n = n * base + digit;
+    s++;
+  } while (isalnum((unsigned char)*s));
+  s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  *pn = (lua_Integer)((neg) ? (0u - n) : n);
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) {  /* standard conversion? */
+    if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {  /* already a number? */
+      lua_settop(L, 1);  /* yes; return it */
+      return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+      size_t l;
+      const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+      if (s != NULL && lua_stringtonumber(L, s) == l + 1)
+        return 1;  /* successful conversion to number */
+      /* else not a number */
+      luaL_checkany(L, 1);  /* (but there must be some parameter) */
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    size_t l;
+    const char *s;
+    lua_Integer n = 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
+    lua_Integer base = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TSTRING);  /* no numbers as strings */
+    s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
+    if (b_str2int(s, (int)base, &n) == s + l) {
+      lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+      return 1;
+    }  /* else not a number */
+  }  /* else not a number */
+  luaL_pushfail(L);  /* not a number */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {
+  int level = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  lua_settop(L, 1);
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && level > 0) {
+    luaL_where(L, level);   /* add extra information */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+    lua_concat(L, 2);
+  }
+  return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+    lua_pushnil(L);
+    return 1;  /* no metatable */
+  }
+  luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");
+  return 1;  /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2, "nil or table");
+  if (l_unlikely(luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable") != LUA_TNIL))
+    return luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawlen (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 1);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TTABLE || t == LUA_TSTRING, 1,
+                      "table or string");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, lua_rawlen(L, 1));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_rawget(L, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+  lua_settop(L, 3);
+  lua_rawset(L, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int pushmode (lua_State *L, int oldmode) {
+  if (oldmode == -1)
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* invalid call to 'lua_gc' */
+  else
+    lua_pushstring(L, (oldmode == LUA_GCINC) ? "incremental"
+                                             : "generational");
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether call to 'lua_gc' was valid (not inside a finalizer)
+*/
+#define checkvalres(res) { if (res == -1) break; }
+
+static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
+  static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
+    "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul",
+    "isrunning", "generational", "incremental", NULL};
+  static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
+    LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL,
+    LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC};
+  int o = optsnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts)];
+  switch (o) {
+    case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+      int k = lua_gc(L, o);
+      int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB);
+      checkvalres(k);
+      lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)k + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+      int step = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o, step);
+      checkvalres(res);
+      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSETPAUSE:
+    case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
+      int p = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int previous = lua_gc(L, o, p);
+      checkvalres(previous);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, previous);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o);
+      checkvalres(res);
+      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCGEN: {
+      int minormul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int majormul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
+      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o, minormul, majormul));
+    }
+    case LUA_GCINC: {
+      int pause = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int stepmul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
+      int stepsize = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 4, 0);
+      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o, pause, stepmul, stepsize));
+    }
+    default: {
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o);
+      checkvalres(res);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_pushfail(L);  /* invalid call (inside a finalizer) */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 1);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, t != LUA_TNONE, 1, "value expected");
+  lua_pushstring(L, lua_typename(L, t));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+  lua_settop(L, 2);  /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */
+  if (lua_next(L, 1))
+    return 2;
+  else {
+    lua_pushnil(L);
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int pairscont (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext k) {
+  (void)L; (void)status; (void)k;  /* unused */
+  return 3;
+}
+
+static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__pairs") == LUA_TNIL) {  /* no metamethod? */
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, luaB_next);  /* will return generator, */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state, */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* and initial value */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* argument 'self' to metamethod */
+    lua_callk(L, 1, 3, 0, pairscont);  /* get 3 values from metamethod */
+  }
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traversal function for 'ipairs'
+*/
+static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  i = luaL_intop(+, i, 1);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+  return (lua_geti(L, 1, i) == LUA_TNIL) ? 1 : 2;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** 'ipairs' function. Returns 'ipairsaux', given "table", 0.
+** (The given "table" may not be a table.)
+*/
+static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, ipairsaux);  /* iteration function */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* initial value */
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status, int envidx) {
+  if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK)) {
+    if (envidx != 0) {  /* 'env' parameter? */
+      lua_pushvalue(L, envidx);  /* environment for loaded function */
+      if (!lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1))  /* set it as 1st upvalue */
+        lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove 'env' if not used by previous call */
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {  /* error (message is on top of the stack) */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);  /* put before error message */
+    return 2;  /* return fail plus error message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);
+  int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 3) ? 3 : 0);  /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
+  int status = luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, mode);
+  return load_aux(L, status, env);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Read function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** reserved slot, above all arguments, to hold a copy of the returned
+** string to avoid it being collected while parsed. 'load' has four
+** optional arguments (chunk, source name, mode, and environment).
+*/
+#define RESERVEDSLOT	5
+
+
+/*
+** Reader for generic 'load' function: 'lua_load' uses the
+** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
+** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
+** reserved slot inside the stack.
+*/
+static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+  (void)(ud);  /* not used */
+  luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* get function */
+  lua_call(L, 0, 1);  /* call it */
+  if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop result */
+    *size = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  else if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
+    luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
+  lua_replace(L, RESERVEDSLOT);  /* save string in reserved slot */
+  return lua_tolstring(L, RESERVEDSLOT, size);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  size_t l;
+  const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 3, "bt");
+  int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 4) ? 4 : 0);  /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
+  if (s != NULL) {  /* loading a string? */
+    const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
+    status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, l, chunkname, mode);
+  }
+  else {  /* loading from a reader function */
+    const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
+    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+    lua_settop(L, RESERVEDSLOT);  /* create reserved slot */
+    status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, chunkname, mode);
+  }
+  return load_aux(L, status, env);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int dofilecont (lua_State *L, int d1, lua_KContext d2) {
+  (void)d1;  (void)d2;  /* only to match 'lua_Kfunction' prototype */
+  return lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  lua_settop(L, 1);
+  if (l_unlikely(luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != LUA_OK))
+    return lua_error(L);
+  lua_callk(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0, dofilecont);
+  return dofilecont(L, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {
+  if (l_likely(lua_toboolean(L, 1)))  /* condition is true? */
+    return lua_gettop(L);  /* return all arguments */
+  else {  /* error */
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);  /* there must be a condition */
+    lua_remove(L, 1);  /* remove it */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "assertion failed!");  /* default message */
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* leave only message (default if no other one) */
+    return luaB_error(L);  /* call 'error' */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Integer i = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+    if (i < 0) i = n + i;
+    else if (i > n) i = n;
+    luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
+    return n - (int)i;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Continuation function for 'pcall' and 'xpcall'. Both functions
+** already pushed a 'true' before doing the call, so in case of success
+** 'finishpcall' only has to return everything in the stack minus
+** 'extra' values (where 'extra' is exactly the number of items to be
+** ignored).
+*/
+static int finishpcall (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext extra) {
+  if (l_unlikely(status != LUA_OK && status != LUA_YIELD)) {  /* error? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 0);  /* first result (false) */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* error message */
+    return 2;  /* return false, msg */
+  }
+  else
+    return lua_gettop(L) - (int)extra;  /* return all results */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* first result if no errors */
+  lua_insert(L, 1);  /* put it in place */
+  status = lua_pcallk(L, lua_gettop(L) - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 0, 0, finishpcall);
+  return finishpcall(L, status, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Do a protected call with error handling. After 'lua_rotate', the
+** stack will have <f, err, true, f, [args...]>; so, the function passes
+** 2 to 'finishpcall' to skip the 2 first values when returning results.
+*/
+static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* check error function */
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* first result */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* function */
+  lua_rotate(L, 3, 2);  /* move them below function's arguments */
+  status = lua_pcallk(L, n - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 2, 2, finishpcall);
+  return finishpcall(L, status, 2);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  luaL_tolstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
+  {"assert", luaB_assert},
+  {"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
+  {"dofile", luaB_dofile},
+  {"error", luaB_error},
+  {"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
+  {"ipairs", luaB_ipairs},
+  {"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
+  {"load", luaB_load},
+  {"next", luaB_next},
+  {"pairs", luaB_pairs},
+  {"pcall", luaB_pcall},
+  {"print", luaB_print},
+  {"warn", luaB_warn},
+  {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
+  {"rawlen", luaB_rawlen},
+  {"rawget", luaB_rawget},
+  {"rawset", luaB_rawset},
+  {"select", luaB_select},
+  {"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
+  {"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
+  {"tostring", luaB_tostring},
+  {"type", luaB_type},
+  {"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {LUA_GNAME, NULL},
+  {"_VERSION", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
+  /* open lib into global table */
+  lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, base_funcs, 0);
+  /* set global _G */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, LUA_GNAME);
+  /* set global _VERSION */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION");
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcode.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a371ca943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1871 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.c $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lcode_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/* Maximum number of registers in a Lua function (must fit in 8 bits) */
+#define MAXREGS		255
+
+
+#define hasjumps(e)	((e)->t != (e)->f)
+
+
+static int codesJ (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int sj, int k);
+
+
+
+/* semantic error */
+l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+  ls->t.token = 0;  /* remove "near <token>" from final message */
+  luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If expression is a numeric constant, fills 'v' with its value
+** and returns 1. Otherwise, returns 0.
+*/
+static int tonumeral (const expdesc *e, TValue *v) {
+  if (hasjumps(e))
+    return 0;  /* not a numeral */
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VKINT:
+      if (v) setivalue(v, e->u.ival);
+      return 1;
+    case VKFLT:
+      if (v) setfltvalue(v, e->u.nval);
+      return 1;
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the constant value from a constant expression
+*/
+static TValue *const2val (FuncState *fs, const expdesc *e) {
+  lua_assert(e->k == VCONST);
+  return &fs->ls->dyd->actvar.arr[e->u.info].k;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If expression is a constant, fills 'v' with its value
+** and returns 1. Otherwise, returns 0.
+*/
+int luaK_exp2const (FuncState *fs, const expdesc *e, TValue *v) {
+  if (hasjumps(e))
+    return 0;  /* not a constant */
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VFALSE:
+      setbfvalue(v);
+      return 1;
+    case VTRUE:
+      setbtvalue(v);
+      return 1;
+    case VNIL:
+      setnilvalue(v);
+      return 1;
+    case VKSTR: {
+      setsvalue(fs->ls->L, v, e->u.strval);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case VCONST: {
+      setobj(fs->ls->L, v, const2val(fs, e));
+      return 1;
+    }
+    default: return tonumeral(e, v);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return the previous instruction of the current code. If there
+** may be a jump target between the current instruction and the
+** previous one, return an invalid instruction (to avoid wrong
+** optimizations).
+*/
+static Instruction *previousinstruction (FuncState *fs) {
+  static const Instruction invalidinstruction = ~(Instruction)0;
+  if (fs->pc > fs->lasttarget)
+    return &fs->f->code[fs->pc - 1];  /* previous instruction */
+  else
+    return cast(Instruction*, &invalidinstruction);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a OP_LOADNIL instruction, but try to optimize: if the previous
+** instruction is also OP_LOADNIL and ranges are compatible, adjust
+** range of previous instruction instead of emitting a new one. (For
+** instance, 'local a; local b' will generate a single opcode.)
+*/
+void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n) {
+  int l = from + n - 1;  /* last register to set nil */
+  Instruction *previous = previousinstruction(fs);
+  if (GET_OPCODE(*previous) == OP_LOADNIL) {  /* previous is LOADNIL? */
+    int pfrom = GETARG_A(*previous);  /* get previous range */
+    int pl = pfrom + GETARG_B(*previous);
+    if ((pfrom <= from && from <= pl + 1) ||
+        (from <= pfrom && pfrom <= l + 1)) {  /* can connect both? */
+      if (pfrom < from) from = pfrom;  /* from = min(from, pfrom) */
+      if (pl > l) l = pl;  /* l = max(l, pl) */
+      SETARG_A(*previous, from);
+      SETARG_B(*previous, l - from);
+      return;
+    }  /* else go through */
+  }
+  luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADNIL, from, n - 1, 0);  /* else no optimization */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Gets the destination address of a jump instruction. Used to traverse
+** a list of jumps.
+*/
+static int getjump (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+  int offset = GETARG_sJ(fs->f->code[pc]);
+  if (offset == NO_JUMP)  /* point to itself represents end of list */
+    return NO_JUMP;  /* end of list */
+  else
+    return (pc+1)+offset;  /* turn offset into absolute position */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Fix jump instruction at position 'pc' to jump to 'dest'.
+** (Jump addresses are relative in Lua)
+*/
+static void fixjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest) {
+  Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc];
+  int offset = dest - (pc + 1);
+  lua_assert(dest != NO_JUMP);
+  if (!(-OFFSET_sJ <= offset && offset <= MAXARG_sJ - OFFSET_sJ))
+    luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long");
+  lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*jmp) == OP_JMP);
+  SETARG_sJ(*jmp, offset);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Concatenate jump-list 'l2' into jump-list 'l1'
+*/
+void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2) {
+  if (l2 == NO_JUMP) return;  /* nothing to concatenate? */
+  else if (*l1 == NO_JUMP)  /* no original list? */
+    *l1 = l2;  /* 'l1' points to 'l2' */
+  else {
+    int list = *l1;
+    int next;
+    while ((next = getjump(fs, list)) != NO_JUMP)  /* find last element */
+      list = next;
+    fixjump(fs, list, l2);  /* last element links to 'l2' */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a jump instruction and return its position, so its destination
+** can be fixed later (with 'fixjump').
+*/
+int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs) {
+  return codesJ(fs, OP_JMP, NO_JUMP, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code a 'return' instruction
+*/
+void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret) {
+  OpCode op;
+  switch (nret) {
+    case 0: op = OP_RETURN0; break;
+    case 1: op = OP_RETURN1; break;
+    default: op = OP_RETURN; break;
+  }
+  luaK_codeABC(fs, op, first, nret + 1, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code a "conditional jump", that is, a test or comparison opcode
+** followed by a jump. Return jump position.
+*/
+static int condjump (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int A, int B, int C, int k) {
+  luaK_codeABCk(fs, op, A, B, C, k);
+  return luaK_jump(fs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns current 'pc' and marks it as a jump target (to avoid wrong
+** optimizations with consecutive instructions not in the same basic block).
+*/
+int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs) {
+  fs->lasttarget = fs->pc;
+  return fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Returns the position of the instruction "controlling" a given
+** jump (that is, its condition), or the jump itself if it is
+** unconditional.
+*/
+static Instruction *getjumpcontrol (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+  Instruction *pi = &fs->f->code[pc];
+  if (pc >= 1 && testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*(pi-1))))
+    return pi-1;
+  else
+    return pi;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Patch destination register for a TESTSET instruction.
+** If instruction in position 'node' is not a TESTSET, return 0 ("fails").
+** Otherwise, if 'reg' is not 'NO_REG', set it as the destination
+** register. Otherwise, change instruction to a simple 'TEST' (produces
+** no register value)
+*/
+static int patchtestreg (FuncState *fs, int node, int reg) {
+  Instruction *i = getjumpcontrol(fs, node);
+  if (GET_OPCODE(*i) != OP_TESTSET)
+    return 0;  /* cannot patch other instructions */
+  if (reg != NO_REG && reg != GETARG_B(*i))
+    SETARG_A(*i, reg);
+  else {
+     /* no register to put value or register already has the value;
+        change instruction to simple test */
+    *i = CREATE_ABCk(OP_TEST, GETARG_B(*i), 0, 0, GETARG_k(*i));
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a list of tests ensuring no one produces a value
+*/
+static void removevalues (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+  for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list))
+      patchtestreg(fs, list, NO_REG);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a list of tests, patching their destination address and
+** registers: tests producing values jump to 'vtarget' (and put their
+** values in 'reg'), other tests jump to 'dtarget'.
+*/
+static void patchlistaux (FuncState *fs, int list, int vtarget, int reg,
+                          int dtarget) {
+  while (list != NO_JUMP) {
+    int next = getjump(fs, list);
+    if (patchtestreg(fs, list, reg))
+      fixjump(fs, list, vtarget);
+    else
+      fixjump(fs, list, dtarget);  /* jump to default target */
+    list = next;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Path all jumps in 'list' to jump to 'target'.
+** (The assert means that we cannot fix a jump to a forward address
+** because we only know addresses once code is generated.)
+*/
+void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target) {
+  lua_assert(target <= fs->pc);
+  patchlistaux(fs, list, target, NO_REG, target);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+  int hr = luaK_getlabel(fs);  /* mark "here" as a jump target */
+  luaK_patchlist(fs, list, hr);
+}
+
+
+/* limit for difference between lines in relative line info. */
+#define LIMLINEDIFF	0x80
+
+
+/*
+** Save line info for a new instruction. If difference from last line
+** does not fit in a byte, of after that many instructions, save a new
+** absolute line info; (in that case, the special value 'ABSLINEINFO'
+** in 'lineinfo' signals the existence of this absolute information.)
+** Otherwise, store the difference from last line in 'lineinfo'.
+*/
+static void savelineinfo (FuncState *fs, Proto *f, int line) {
+  int linedif = line - fs->previousline;
+  int pc = fs->pc - 1;  /* last instruction coded */
+  if (abs(linedif) >= LIMLINEDIFF || fs->iwthabs++ >= MAXIWTHABS) {
+    luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->abslineinfo, fs->nabslineinfo,
+                    f->sizeabslineinfo, AbsLineInfo, MAX_INT, "lines");
+    f->abslineinfo[fs->nabslineinfo].pc = pc;
+    f->abslineinfo[fs->nabslineinfo++].line = line;
+    linedif = ABSLINEINFO;  /* signal that there is absolute information */
+    fs->iwthabs = 1;  /* restart counter */
+  }
+  luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->lineinfo, pc, f->sizelineinfo, ls_byte,
+                  MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+  f->lineinfo[pc] = linedif;
+  fs->previousline = line;  /* last line saved */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Remove line information from the last instruction.
+** If line information for that instruction is absolute, set 'iwthabs'
+** above its max to force the new (replacing) instruction to have
+** absolute line info, too.
+*/
+static void removelastlineinfo (FuncState *fs) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int pc = fs->pc - 1;  /* last instruction coded */
+  if (f->lineinfo[pc] != ABSLINEINFO) {  /* relative line info? */
+    fs->previousline -= f->lineinfo[pc];  /* correct last line saved */
+    fs->iwthabs--;  /* undo previous increment */
+  }
+  else {  /* absolute line information */
+    lua_assert(f->abslineinfo[fs->nabslineinfo - 1].pc == pc);
+    fs->nabslineinfo--;  /* remove it */
+    fs->iwthabs = MAXIWTHABS + 1;  /* force next line info to be absolute */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Remove the last instruction created, correcting line information
+** accordingly.
+*/
+static void removelastinstruction (FuncState *fs) {
+  removelastlineinfo(fs);
+  fs->pc--;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit instruction 'i', checking for array sizes and saving also its
+** line information. Return 'i' position.
+*/
+int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  /* put new instruction in code array */
+  luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->code, fs->pc, f->sizecode, Instruction,
+                  MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+  f->code[fs->pc++] = i;
+  savelineinfo(fs, f, fs->ls->lastline);
+  return fs->pc - 1;  /* index of new instruction */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Format and emit an 'iABC' instruction. (Assertions check consistency
+** of parameters versus opcode.)
+*/
+int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b, int c, int k) {
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABC);
+  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_B &&
+             c <= MAXARG_C && (k & ~1) == 0);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABCk(o, a, b, c, k));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Format and emit an 'iABx' instruction.
+*/
+int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, unsigned int bc) {
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABx);
+  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && bc <= MAXARG_Bx);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, bc));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Format and emit an 'iAsBx' instruction.
+*/
+int luaK_codeAsBx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int bc) {
+  unsigned int b = bc + OFFSET_sBx;
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iAsBx);
+  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_Bx);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, b));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Format and emit an 'isJ' instruction.
+*/
+static int codesJ (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int sj, int k) {
+  unsigned int j = sj + OFFSET_sJ;
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == isJ);
+  lua_assert(j <= MAXARG_sJ && (k & ~1) == 0);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_sJ(o, j, k));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit an "extra argument" instruction (format 'iAx')
+*/
+static int codeextraarg (FuncState *fs, int a) {
+  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_Ax);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, a));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit a "load constant" instruction, using either 'OP_LOADK'
+** (if constant index 'k' fits in 18 bits) or an 'OP_LOADKX'
+** instruction with "extra argument".
+*/
+static int luaK_codek (FuncState *fs, int reg, int k) {
+  if (k <= MAXARG_Bx)
+    return luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, k);
+  else {
+    int p = luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADKX, reg, 0);
+    codeextraarg(fs, k);
+    return p;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check register-stack level, keeping track of its maximum size
+** in field 'maxstacksize'
+*/
+void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+  int newstack = fs->freereg + n;
+  if (newstack > fs->f->maxstacksize) {
+    if (newstack >= MAXREGS)
+      luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls,
+        "function or expression needs too many registers");
+    fs->f->maxstacksize = cast_byte(newstack);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Reserve 'n' registers in register stack
+*/
+void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+  luaK_checkstack(fs, n);
+  fs->freereg += n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free register 'reg', if it is neither a constant index nor
+** a local variable.
+)
+*/
+static void freereg (FuncState *fs, int reg) {
+  if (reg >= luaY_nvarstack(fs)) {
+    fs->freereg--;
+    lua_assert(reg == fs->freereg);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free two registers in proper order
+*/
+static void freeregs (FuncState *fs, int r1, int r2) {
+  if (r1 > r2) {
+    freereg(fs, r1);
+    freereg(fs, r2);
+  }
+  else {
+    freereg(fs, r2);
+    freereg(fs, r1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free register used by expression 'e' (if any)
+*/
+static void freeexp (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (e->k == VNONRELOC)
+    freereg(fs, e->u.info);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free registers used by expressions 'e1' and 'e2' (if any) in proper
+** order.
+*/
+static void freeexps (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+  int r1 = (e1->k == VNONRELOC) ? e1->u.info : -1;
+  int r2 = (e2->k == VNONRELOC) ? e2->u.info : -1;
+  freeregs(fs, r1, r2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add constant 'v' to prototype's list of constants (field 'k').
+** Use scanner's table to cache position of constants in constant list
+** and try to reuse constants. Because some values should not be used
+** as keys (nil cannot be a key, integer keys can collapse with float
+** keys), the caller must provide a useful 'key' for indexing the cache.
+** Note that all functions share the same table, so entering or exiting
+** a function can make some indices wrong.
+*/
+static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *key, TValue *v) {
+  TValue val;
+  lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  const TValue *idx = luaH_get(fs->ls->h, key);  /* query scanner table */
+  int k, oldsize;
+  if (ttisinteger(idx)) {  /* is there an index there? */
+    k = cast_int(ivalue(idx));
+    /* correct value? (warning: must distinguish floats from integers!) */
+    if (k < fs->nk && ttypetag(&f->k[k]) == ttypetag(v) &&
+                      luaV_rawequalobj(&f->k[k], v))
+      return k;  /* reuse index */
+  }
+  /* constant not found; create a new entry */
+  oldsize = f->sizek;
+  k = fs->nk;
+  /* numerical value does not need GC barrier;
+     table has no metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+  setivalue(&val, k);
+  luaH_finishset(L, fs->ls->h, key, idx, &val);
+  luaM_growvector(L, f->k, k, f->sizek, TValue, MAXARG_Ax, "constants");
+  while (oldsize < f->sizek) setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]);
+  setobj(L, &f->k[k], v);
+  fs->nk++;
+  luaC_barrier(L, f, v);
+  return k;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a string to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {
+  TValue o;
+  setsvalue(fs->ls->L, &o, s);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use string itself as key */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add an integer to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int luaK_intK (FuncState *fs, lua_Integer n) {
+  TValue o;
+  setivalue(&o, n);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use integer itself as key */
+}
+
+/*
+** Add a float to list of constants and return its index. Floats
+** with integral values need a different key, to avoid collision
+** with actual integers. To that, we add to the number its smaller
+** power-of-two fraction that is still significant in its scale.
+** For doubles, that would be 1/2^52.
+** (This method is not bulletproof: there may be another float
+** with that value, and for floats larger than 2^53 the result is
+** still an integer. At worst, this only wastes an entry with
+** a duplicate.)
+*/
+static int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {
+  TValue o;
+  lua_Integer ik;
+  setfltvalue(&o, r);
+  if (!luaV_flttointeger(r, &ik, F2Ieq))  /* not an integral value? */
+    return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use number itself as key */
+  else {  /* must build an alternative key */
+    const int nbm = l_floatatt(MANT_DIG);
+    const lua_Number q = l_mathop(ldexp)(l_mathop(1.0), -nbm + 1);
+    const lua_Number k = (ik == 0) ? q : r + r*q;  /* new key */
+    TValue kv;
+    setfltvalue(&kv, k);
+    /* result is not an integral value, unless value is too large */
+    lua_assert(!luaV_flttointeger(k, &ik, F2Ieq) ||
+                l_mathop(fabs)(r) >= l_mathop(1e6));
+    return addk(fs, &kv, &o);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a false to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int boolF (FuncState *fs) {
+  TValue o;
+  setbfvalue(&o);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use boolean itself as key */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a true to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int boolT (FuncState *fs) {
+  TValue o;
+  setbtvalue(&o);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use boolean itself as key */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add nil to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int nilK (FuncState *fs) {
+  TValue k, v;
+  setnilvalue(&v);
+  /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself to represent nil */
+  sethvalue(fs->ls->L, &k, fs->ls->h);
+  return addk(fs, &k, &v);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'i' can be stored in an 'sC' operand. Equivalent to
+** (0 <= int2sC(i) && int2sC(i) <= MAXARG_C) but without risk of
+** overflows in the hidden addition inside 'int2sC'.
+*/
+static int fitsC (lua_Integer i) {
+  return (l_castS2U(i) + OFFSET_sC <= cast_uint(MAXARG_C));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'i' can be stored in an 'sBx' operand.
+*/
+static int fitsBx (lua_Integer i) {
+  return (-OFFSET_sBx <= i && i <= MAXARG_Bx - OFFSET_sBx);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_int (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Integer i) {
+  if (fitsBx(i))
+    luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_LOADI, reg, cast_int(i));
+  else
+    luaK_codek(fs, reg, luaK_intK(fs, i));
+}
+
+
+static void luaK_float (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Number f) {
+  lua_Integer fi;
+  if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Ieq) && fitsBx(fi))
+    luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_LOADF, reg, cast_int(fi));
+  else
+    luaK_codek(fs, reg, luaK_numberK(fs, f));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a constant in 'v' into an expression description 'e'
+*/
+static void const2exp (TValue *v, expdesc *e) {
+  switch (ttypetag(v)) {
+    case LUA_VNUMINT:
+      e->k = VKINT; e->u.ival = ivalue(v);
+      break;
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+      e->k = VKFLT; e->u.nval = fltvalue(v);
+      break;
+    case LUA_VFALSE:
+      e->k = VFALSE;
+      break;
+    case LUA_VTRUE:
+      e->k = VTRUE;
+      break;
+    case LUA_VNIL:
+      e->k = VNIL;
+      break;
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR:  case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+      e->k = VKSTR; e->u.strval = tsvalue(v);
+      break;
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Fix an expression to return the number of results 'nresults'.
+** 'e' must be a multi-ret expression (function call or vararg).
+*/
+void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) {
+  Instruction *pc = &getinstruction(fs, e);
+  if (e->k == VCALL)  /* expression is an open function call? */
+    SETARG_C(*pc, nresults + 1);
+  else {
+    lua_assert(e->k == VVARARG);
+    SETARG_C(*pc, nresults + 1);
+    SETARG_A(*pc, fs->freereg);
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a VKSTR to a VK
+*/
+static void str2K (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  lua_assert(e->k == VKSTR);
+  e->u.info = stringK(fs, e->u.strval);
+  e->k = VK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Fix an expression to return one result.
+** If expression is not a multi-ret expression (function call or
+** vararg), it already returns one result, so nothing needs to be done.
+** Function calls become VNONRELOC expressions (as its result comes
+** fixed in the base register of the call), while vararg expressions
+** become VRELOC (as OP_VARARG puts its results where it wants).
+** (Calls are created returning one result, so that does not need
+** to be fixed.)
+*/
+void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (e->k == VCALL) {  /* expression is an open function call? */
+    /* already returns 1 value */
+    lua_assert(GETARG_C(getinstruction(fs, e)) == 2);
+    e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* result has fixed position */
+    e->u.info = GETARG_A(getinstruction(fs, e));
+  }
+  else if (e->k == VVARARG) {
+    SETARG_C(getinstruction(fs, e), 2);
+    e->k = VRELOC;  /* can relocate its simple result */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensure that expression 'e' is not a variable (nor a <const>).
+** (Expression still may have jump lists.)
+*/
+void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VCONST: {
+      const2exp(const2val(fs, e), e);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VLOCAL: {  /* already in a register */
+      e->u.info = e->u.var.ridx;
+      e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* becomes a non-relocatable value */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VUPVAL: {  /* move value to some (pending) register */
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, 0, e->u.info, 0);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXUP: {
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETTABUP, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXI: {
+      freereg(fs, e->u.ind.t);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETI, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXSTR: {
+      freereg(fs, e->u.ind.t);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETFIELD, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXED: {
+      freeregs(fs, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETTABLE, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VVARARG: case VCALL: {
+      luaK_setoneret(fs, e);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: break;  /* there is one value available (somewhere) */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensure expression value is in register 'reg', making 'e' a
+** non-relocatable expression.
+** (Expression still may have jump lists.)
+*/
+static void discharge2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VNIL: {
+      luaK_nil(fs, reg, 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VFALSE: {
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADFALSE, reg, 0, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VTRUE: {
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADTRUE, reg, 0, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VKSTR: {
+      str2K(fs, e);
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case VK: {
+      luaK_codek(fs, reg, e->u.info);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VKFLT: {
+      luaK_float(fs, reg, e->u.nval);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VKINT: {
+      luaK_int(fs, reg, e->u.ival);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VRELOC: {
+      Instruction *pc = &getinstruction(fs, e);
+      SETARG_A(*pc, reg);  /* instruction will put result in 'reg' */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VNONRELOC: {
+      if (reg != e->u.info)
+        luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, reg, e->u.info, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      lua_assert(e->k == VJMP);
+      return;  /* nothing to do... */
+    }
+  }
+  e->u.info = reg;
+  e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensure expression value is in a register, making 'e' a
+** non-relocatable expression.
+** (Expression still may have jump lists.)
+*/
+static void discharge2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (e->k != VNONRELOC) {  /* no fixed register yet? */
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);  /* get a register */
+    discharge2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg-1);  /* put value there */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int code_loadbool (FuncState *fs, int A, OpCode op) {
+  luaK_getlabel(fs);  /* those instructions may be jump targets */
+  return luaK_codeABC(fs, op, A, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether list has any jump that do not produce a value
+** or produce an inverted value
+*/
+static int need_value (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+  for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list)) {
+    Instruction i = *getjumpcontrol(fs, list);
+    if (GET_OPCODE(i) != OP_TESTSET) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result (which includes results from its
+** jump lists) is in register 'reg'.
+** If expression has jumps, need to patch these jumps either to
+** its final position or to "load" instructions (for those tests
+** that do not produce values).
+*/
+static void exp2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+  discharge2reg(fs, e, reg);
+  if (e->k == VJMP)  /* expression itself is a test? */
+    luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, e->u.info);  /* put this jump in 't' list */
+  if (hasjumps(e)) {
+    int final;  /* position after whole expression */
+    int p_f = NO_JUMP;  /* position of an eventual LOAD false */
+    int p_t = NO_JUMP;  /* position of an eventual LOAD true */
+    if (need_value(fs, e->t) || need_value(fs, e->f)) {
+      int fj = (e->k == VJMP) ? NO_JUMP : luaK_jump(fs);
+      p_f = code_loadbool(fs, reg, OP_LFALSESKIP);  /* skip next inst. */
+      p_t = code_loadbool(fs, reg, OP_LOADTRUE);
+      /* jump around these booleans if 'e' is not a test */
+      luaK_patchtohere(fs, fj);
+    }
+    final = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+    patchlistaux(fs, e->f, final, reg, p_f);
+    patchlistaux(fs, e->t, final, reg, p_t);
+  }
+  e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+  e->u.info = reg;
+  e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is in next available register.
+*/
+void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  exp2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg - 1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is in some (any) register
+** and return that register.
+*/
+int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  if (e->k == VNONRELOC) {  /* expression already has a register? */
+    if (!hasjumps(e))  /* no jumps? */
+      return e->u.info;  /* result is already in a register */
+    if (e->u.info >= luaY_nvarstack(fs)) {  /* reg. is not a local? */
+      exp2reg(fs, e, e->u.info);  /* put final result in it */
+      return e->u.info;
+    }
+    /* else expression has jumps and cannot change its register
+       to hold the jump values, because it is a local variable.
+       Go through to the default case. */
+  }
+  luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e);  /* default: use next available register */
+  return e->u.info;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is either in a register
+** or in an upvalue.
+*/
+void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (e->k != VUPVAL || hasjumps(e))
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is either in a register
+** or it is a constant.
+*/
+void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (hasjumps(e))
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+  else
+    luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to make 'e' a K expression with an index in the range of R/K
+** indices. Return true iff succeeded.
+*/
+static int luaK_exp2K (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (!hasjumps(e)) {
+    int info;
+    switch (e->k) {  /* move constants to 'k' */
+      case VTRUE: info = boolT(fs); break;
+      case VFALSE: info = boolF(fs); break;
+      case VNIL: info = nilK(fs); break;
+      case VKINT: info = luaK_intK(fs, e->u.ival); break;
+      case VKFLT: info = luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval); break;
+      case VKSTR: info = stringK(fs, e->u.strval); break;
+      case VK: info = e->u.info; break;
+      default: return 0;  /* not a constant */
+    }
+    if (info <= MAXINDEXRK) {  /* does constant fit in 'argC'? */
+      e->k = VK;  /* make expression a 'K' expression */
+      e->u.info = info;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  /* else, expression doesn't fit; leave it unchanged */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is in a valid R/K index
+** (that is, it is either in a register or in 'k' with an index
+** in the range of R/K indices).
+** Returns 1 iff expression is K.
+*/
+int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (luaK_exp2K(fs, e))
+    return 1;
+  else {  /* not a constant in the right range: put it in a register */
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void codeABRK (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b,
+                      expdesc *ec) {
+  int k = luaK_exp2RK(fs, ec);
+  luaK_codeABCk(fs, o, a, b, ec->u.info, k);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generate code to store result of expression 'ex' into variable 'var'.
+*/
+void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) {
+  switch (var->k) {
+    case VLOCAL: {
+      freeexp(fs, ex);
+      exp2reg(fs, ex, var->u.var.ridx);  /* compute 'ex' into proper place */
+      return;
+    }
+    case VUPVAL: {
+      int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex);
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETUPVAL, e, var->u.info, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXUP: {
+      codeABRK(fs, OP_SETTABUP, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXI: {
+      codeABRK(fs, OP_SETI, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXSTR: {
+      codeABRK(fs, OP_SETFIELD, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXED: {
+      codeABRK(fs, OP_SETTABLE, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);  /* invalid var kind to store */
+  }
+  freeexp(fs, ex);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit SELF instruction (convert expression 'e' into 'e:key(e,').
+*/
+void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) {
+  int ereg;
+  luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+  ereg = e->u.info;  /* register where 'e' was placed */
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  e->u.info = fs->freereg;  /* base register for op_self */
+  e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* self expression has a fixed register */
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2);  /* function and 'self' produced by op_self */
+  codeABRK(fs, OP_SELF, e->u.info, ereg, key);
+  freeexp(fs, key);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Negate condition 'e' (where 'e' is a comparison).
+*/
+static void negatecondition (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  Instruction *pc = getjumpcontrol(fs, e->u.info);
+  lua_assert(testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*pc)) && GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TESTSET &&
+                                           GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TEST);
+  SETARG_k(*pc, (GETARG_k(*pc) ^ 1));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit instruction to jump if 'e' is 'cond' (that is, if 'cond'
+** is true, code will jump if 'e' is true.) Return jump position.
+** Optimize when 'e' is 'not' something, inverting the condition
+** and removing the 'not'.
+*/
+static int jumponcond (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int cond) {
+  if (e->k == VRELOC) {
+    Instruction ie = getinstruction(fs, e);
+    if (GET_OPCODE(ie) == OP_NOT) {
+      removelastinstruction(fs);  /* remove previous OP_NOT */
+      return condjump(fs, OP_TEST, GETARG_B(ie), 0, 0, !cond);
+    }
+    /* else go through */
+  }
+  discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  return condjump(fs, OP_TESTSET, NO_REG, e->u.info, 0, cond);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code to go through if 'e' is true, jump otherwise.
+*/
+void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  int pc;  /* pc of new jump */
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VJMP: {  /* condition? */
+      negatecondition(fs, e);  /* jump when it is false */
+      pc = e->u.info;  /* save jump position */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VK: case VKFLT: case VKINT: case VKSTR: case VTRUE: {
+      pc = NO_JUMP;  /* always true; do nothing */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 0);  /* jump when false */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  luaK_concat(fs, &e->f, pc);  /* insert new jump in false list */
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->t);  /* true list jumps to here (to go through) */
+  e->t = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code to go through if 'e' is false, jump otherwise.
+*/
+void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  int pc;  /* pc of new jump */
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VJMP: {
+      pc = e->u.info;  /* already jump if true */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+      pc = NO_JUMP;  /* always false; do nothing */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 1);  /* jump if true */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, pc);  /* insert new jump in 't' list */
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->f);  /* false list jumps to here (to go through) */
+  e->f = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code 'not e', doing constant folding.
+*/
+static void codenot (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+      e->k = VTRUE;  /* true == not nil == not false */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VK: case VKFLT: case VKINT: case VKSTR: case VTRUE: {
+      e->k = VFALSE;  /* false == not "x" == not 0.5 == not 1 == not true */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VJMP: {
+      negatecondition(fs, e);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VRELOC:
+    case VNONRELOC: {
+      discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+      freeexp(fs, e);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NOT, 0, e->u.info, 0);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);  /* cannot happen */
+  }
+  /* interchange true and false lists */
+  { int temp = e->f; e->f = e->t; e->t = temp; }
+  removevalues(fs, e->f);  /* values are useless when negated */
+  removevalues(fs, e->t);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a small literal string
+*/
+static int isKstr (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  return (e->k == VK && !hasjumps(e) && e->u.info <= MAXARG_B &&
+          ttisshrstring(&fs->f->k[e->u.info]));
+}
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a literal integer.
+*/
+int luaK_isKint (expdesc *e) {
+  return (e->k == VKINT && !hasjumps(e));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a literal integer in
+** proper range to fit in register C
+*/
+static int isCint (expdesc *e) {
+  return luaK_isKint(e) && (l_castS2U(e->u.ival) <= l_castS2U(MAXARG_C));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a literal integer in
+** proper range to fit in register sC
+*/
+static int isSCint (expdesc *e) {
+  return luaK_isKint(e) && fitsC(e->u.ival);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a literal integer or float in
+** proper range to fit in a register (sB or sC).
+*/
+static int isSCnumber (expdesc *e, int *pi, int *isfloat) {
+  lua_Integer i;
+  if (e->k == VKINT)
+    i = e->u.ival;
+  else if (e->k == VKFLT && luaV_flttointeger(e->u.nval, &i, F2Ieq))
+    *isfloat = 1;
+  else
+    return 0;  /* not a number */
+  if (!hasjumps(e) && fitsC(i)) {
+    *pi = int2sC(cast_int(i));
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create expression 't[k]'. 't' must have its final result already in a
+** register or upvalue. Upvalues can only be indexed by literal strings.
+** Keys can be literal strings in the constant table or arbitrary
+** values in registers.
+*/
+void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k) {
+  if (k->k == VKSTR)
+    str2K(fs, k);
+  lua_assert(!hasjumps(t) &&
+             (t->k == VLOCAL || t->k == VNONRELOC || t->k == VUPVAL));
+  if (t->k == VUPVAL && !isKstr(fs, k))  /* upvalue indexed by non 'Kstr'? */
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, t);  /* put it in a register */
+  if (t->k == VUPVAL) {
+    t->u.ind.t = t->u.info;  /* upvalue index */
+    t->u.ind.idx = k->u.info;  /* literal string */
+    t->k = VINDEXUP;
+  }
+  else {
+    /* register index of the table */
+    t->u.ind.t = (t->k == VLOCAL) ? t->u.var.ridx: t->u.info;
+    if (isKstr(fs, k)) {
+      t->u.ind.idx = k->u.info;  /* literal string */
+      t->k = VINDEXSTR;
+    }
+    else if (isCint(k)) {
+      t->u.ind.idx = cast_int(k->u.ival);  /* int. constant in proper range */
+      t->k = VINDEXI;
+    }
+    else {
+      t->u.ind.idx = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, k);  /* register */
+      t->k = VINDEXED;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return false if folding can raise an error.
+** Bitwise operations need operands convertible to integers; division
+** operations cannot have 0 as divisor.
+*/
+static int validop (int op, TValue *v1, TValue *v2) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPBAND: case LUA_OPBOR: case LUA_OPBXOR:
+    case LUA_OPSHL: case LUA_OPSHR: case LUA_OPBNOT: {  /* conversion errors */
+      lua_Integer i;
+      return (luaV_tointegerns(v1, &i, LUA_FLOORN2I) &&
+              luaV_tointegerns(v2, &i, LUA_FLOORN2I));
+    }
+    case LUA_OPDIV: case LUA_OPIDIV: case LUA_OPMOD:  /* division by 0 */
+      return (nvalue(v2) != 0);
+    default: return 1;  /* everything else is valid */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to "constant-fold" an operation; return 1 iff successful.
+** (In this case, 'e1' has the final result.)
+*/
+static int constfolding (FuncState *fs, int op, expdesc *e1,
+                                        const expdesc *e2) {
+  TValue v1, v2, res;
+  if (!tonumeral(e1, &v1) || !tonumeral(e2, &v2) || !validop(op, &v1, &v2))
+    return 0;  /* non-numeric operands or not safe to fold */
+  luaO_rawarith(fs->ls->L, op, &v1, &v2, &res);  /* does operation */
+  if (ttisinteger(&res)) {
+    e1->k = VKINT;
+    e1->u.ival = ivalue(&res);
+  }
+  else {  /* folds neither NaN nor 0.0 (to avoid problems with -0.0) */
+    lua_Number n = fltvalue(&res);
+    if (luai_numisnan(n) || n == 0)
+      return 0;
+    e1->k = VKFLT;
+    e1->u.nval = n;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a BinOpr to an OpCode  (ORDER OPR - ORDER OP)
+*/
+l_sinline OpCode binopr2op (BinOpr opr, BinOpr baser, OpCode base) {
+  lua_assert(baser <= opr &&
+            ((baser == OPR_ADD && opr <= OPR_SHR) ||
+             (baser == OPR_LT && opr <= OPR_LE)));
+  return cast(OpCode, (cast_int(opr) - cast_int(baser)) + cast_int(base));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a UnOpr to an OpCode  (ORDER OPR - ORDER OP)
+*/
+l_sinline OpCode unopr2op (UnOpr opr) {
+  return cast(OpCode, (cast_int(opr) - cast_int(OPR_MINUS)) +
+                                       cast_int(OP_UNM));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a BinOpr to a tag method  (ORDER OPR - ORDER TM)
+*/
+l_sinline TMS binopr2TM (BinOpr opr) {
+  lua_assert(OPR_ADD <= opr && opr <= OPR_SHR);
+  return cast(TMS, (cast_int(opr) - cast_int(OPR_ADD)) + cast_int(TM_ADD));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for unary expressions that "produce values"
+** (everything but 'not').
+** Expression to produce final result will be encoded in 'e'.
+*/
+static void codeunexpval (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, expdesc *e, int line) {
+  int r = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);  /* opcodes operate only on registers */
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, r, 0);  /* generate opcode */
+  e->k = VRELOC;  /* all those operations are relocatable */
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for binary expressions that "produce values"
+** (everything but logical operators 'and'/'or' and comparison
+** operators).
+** Expression to produce final result will be encoded in 'e1'.
+*/
+static void finishbinexpval (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2,
+                             OpCode op, int v2, int flip, int line,
+                             OpCode mmop, TMS event) {
+  int v1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e1);
+  int pc = luaK_codeABCk(fs, op, 0, v1, v2, 0);
+  freeexps(fs, e1, e2);
+  e1->u.info = pc;
+  e1->k = VRELOC;  /* all those operations are relocatable */
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  luaK_codeABCk(fs, mmop, v1, v2, event, flip);  /* to call metamethod */
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for binary expressions that "produce values" over
+** two registers.
+*/
+static void codebinexpval (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                           expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  OpCode op = binopr2op(opr, OPR_ADD, OP_ADD);
+  int v2 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e2);  /* make sure 'e2' is in a register */
+  /* 'e1' must be already in a register or it is a constant */
+  lua_assert((VNIL <= e1->k && e1->k <= VKSTR) ||
+             e1->k == VNONRELOC || e1->k == VRELOC);
+  lua_assert(OP_ADD <= op && op <= OP_SHR);
+  finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, v2, 0, line, OP_MMBIN, binopr2TM(opr));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code binary operators with immediate operands.
+*/
+static void codebini (FuncState *fs, OpCode op,
+                       expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int flip, int line,
+                       TMS event) {
+  int v2 = int2sC(cast_int(e2->u.ival));  /* immediate operand */
+  lua_assert(e2->k == VKINT);
+  finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, v2, flip, line, OP_MMBINI, event);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code binary operators with K operand.
+*/
+static void codebinK (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                      expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int flip, int line) {
+  TMS event = binopr2TM(opr);
+  int v2 = e2->u.info;  /* K index */
+  OpCode op = binopr2op(opr, OPR_ADD, OP_ADDK);
+  finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, v2, flip, line, OP_MMBINK, event);
+}
+
+
+/* Try to code a binary operator negating its second operand.
+** For the metamethod, 2nd operand must keep its original value.
+*/
+static int finishbinexpneg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2,
+                             OpCode op, int line, TMS event) {
+  if (!luaK_isKint(e2))
+    return 0;  /* not an integer constant */
+  else {
+    lua_Integer i2 = e2->u.ival;
+    if (!(fitsC(i2) && fitsC(-i2)))
+      return 0;  /* not in the proper range */
+    else {  /* operating a small integer constant */
+      int v2 = cast_int(i2);
+      finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, int2sC(-v2), 0, line, OP_MMBINI, event);
+      /* correct metamethod argument */
+      SETARG_B(fs->f->code[fs->pc - 1], int2sC(v2));
+      return 1;  /* successfully coded */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void swapexps (expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+  expdesc temp = *e1; *e1 = *e2; *e2 = temp;  /* swap 'e1' and 'e2' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code binary operators with no constant operand.
+*/
+static void codebinNoK (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                        expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int flip, int line) {
+  if (flip)
+    swapexps(e1, e2);  /* back to original order */
+  codebinexpval(fs, opr, e1, e2, line);  /* use standard operators */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code arithmetic operators ('+', '-', ...). If second operand is a
+** constant in the proper range, use variant opcodes with K operands.
+*/
+static void codearith (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                       expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int flip, int line) {
+  if (tonumeral(e2, NULL) && luaK_exp2K(fs, e2))  /* K operand? */
+    codebinK(fs, opr, e1, e2, flip, line);
+  else  /* 'e2' is neither an immediate nor a K operand */
+    codebinNoK(fs, opr, e1, e2, flip, line);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code commutative operators ('+', '*'). If first operand is a
+** numeric constant, change order of operands to try to use an
+** immediate or K operator.
+*/
+static void codecommutative (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op,
+                             expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  int flip = 0;
+  if (tonumeral(e1, NULL)) {  /* is first operand a numeric constant? */
+    swapexps(e1, e2);  /* change order */
+    flip = 1;
+  }
+  if (op == OPR_ADD && isSCint(e2))  /* immediate operand? */
+    codebini(fs, OP_ADDI, e1, e2, flip, line, TM_ADD);
+  else
+    codearith(fs, op, e1, e2, flip, line);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code bitwise operations; they are all commutative, so the function
+** tries to put an integer constant as the 2nd operand (a K operand).
+*/
+static void codebitwise (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                         expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  int flip = 0;
+  if (e1->k == VKINT) {
+    swapexps(e1, e2);  /* 'e2' will be the constant operand */
+    flip = 1;
+  }
+  if (e2->k == VKINT && luaK_exp2K(fs, e2))  /* K operand? */
+    codebinK(fs, opr, e1, e2, flip, line);
+  else  /* no constants */
+    codebinNoK(fs, opr, e1, e2, flip, line);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for order comparisons. When using an immediate operand,
+** 'isfloat' tells whether the original value was a float.
+*/
+static void codeorder (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+  int r1, r2;
+  int im;
+  int isfloat = 0;
+  OpCode op;
+  if (isSCnumber(e2, &im, &isfloat)) {
+    /* use immediate operand */
+    r1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e1);
+    r2 = im;
+    op = binopr2op(opr, OPR_LT, OP_LTI);
+  }
+  else if (isSCnumber(e1, &im, &isfloat)) {
+    /* transform (A < B) to (B > A) and (A <= B) to (B >= A) */
+    r1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e2);
+    r2 = im;
+    op = binopr2op(opr, OPR_LT, OP_GTI);
+  }
+  else {  /* regular case, compare two registers */
+    r1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e1);
+    r2 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e2);
+    op = binopr2op(opr, OPR_LT, OP_LT);
+  }
+  freeexps(fs, e1, e2);
+  e1->u.info = condjump(fs, op, r1, r2, isfloat, 1);
+  e1->k = VJMP;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for equality comparisons ('==', '~=').
+** 'e1' was already put as RK by 'luaK_infix'.
+*/
+static void codeeq (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+  int r1, r2;
+  int im;
+  int isfloat = 0;  /* not needed here, but kept for symmetry */
+  OpCode op;
+  if (e1->k != VNONRELOC) {
+    lua_assert(e1->k == VK || e1->k == VKINT || e1->k == VKFLT);
+    swapexps(e1, e2);
+  }
+  r1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e1);  /* 1st expression must be in register */
+  if (isSCnumber(e2, &im, &isfloat)) {
+    op = OP_EQI;
+    r2 = im;  /* immediate operand */
+  }
+  else if (luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2)) {  /* 2nd expression is constant? */
+    op = OP_EQK;
+    r2 = e2->u.info;  /* constant index */
+  }
+  else {
+    op = OP_EQ;  /* will compare two registers */
+    r2 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e2);
+  }
+  freeexps(fs, e1, e2);
+  e1->u.info = condjump(fs, op, r1, r2, isfloat, (opr == OPR_EQ));
+  e1->k = VJMP;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Apply prefix operation 'op' to expression 'e'.
+*/
+void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr opr, expdesc *e, int line) {
+  static const expdesc ef = {VKINT, {0}, NO_JUMP, NO_JUMP};
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  switch (opr) {
+    case OPR_MINUS: case OPR_BNOT:  /* use 'ef' as fake 2nd operand */
+      if (constfolding(fs, opr + LUA_OPUNM, e, &ef))
+        break;
+      /* else */ /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case OPR_LEN:
+      codeunexpval(fs, unopr2op(opr), e, line);
+      break;
+    case OPR_NOT: codenot(fs, e); break;
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Process 1st operand 'v' of binary operation 'op' before reading
+** 2nd operand.
+*/
+void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, v);
+  switch (op) {
+    case OPR_AND: {
+      luaK_goiftrue(fs, v);  /* go ahead only if 'v' is true */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_OR: {
+      luaK_goiffalse(fs, v);  /* go ahead only if 'v' is false */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_CONCAT: {
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);  /* operand must be on the stack */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_ADD: case OPR_SUB:
+    case OPR_MUL: case OPR_DIV: case OPR_IDIV:
+    case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW:
+    case OPR_BAND: case OPR_BOR: case OPR_BXOR:
+    case OPR_SHL: case OPR_SHR: {
+      if (!tonumeral(v, NULL))
+        luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v);
+      /* else keep numeral, which may be folded or used as an immediate
+         operand */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_EQ: case OPR_NE: {
+      if (!tonumeral(v, NULL))
+        luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+      /* else keep numeral, which may be an immediate operand */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_LT: case OPR_LE:
+    case OPR_GT: case OPR_GE: {
+      int dummy, dummy2;
+      if (!isSCnumber(v, &dummy, &dummy2))
+        luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v);
+      /* else keep numeral, which may be an immediate operand */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Create code for '(e1 .. e2)'.
+** For '(e1 .. e2.1 .. e2.2)' (which is '(e1 .. (e2.1 .. e2.2))',
+** because concatenation is right associative), merge both CONCATs.
+*/
+static void codeconcat (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  Instruction *ie2 = previousinstruction(fs);
+  if (GET_OPCODE(*ie2) == OP_CONCAT) {  /* is 'e2' a concatenation? */
+    int n = GETARG_B(*ie2);  /* # of elements concatenated in 'e2' */
+    lua_assert(e1->u.info + 1 == GETARG_A(*ie2));
+    freeexp(fs, e2);
+    SETARG_A(*ie2, e1->u.info);  /* correct first element ('e1') */
+    SETARG_B(*ie2, n + 1);  /* will concatenate one more element */
+  }
+  else {  /* 'e2' is not a concatenation */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CONCAT, e1->u.info, 2, 0);  /* new concat opcode */
+    freeexp(fs, e2);
+    luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finalize code for binary operation, after reading 2nd operand.
+*/
+void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                  expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+  if (foldbinop(opr) && constfolding(fs, opr + LUA_OPADD, e1, e2))
+    return;  /* done by folding */
+  switch (opr) {
+    case OPR_AND: {
+      lua_assert(e1->t == NO_JUMP);  /* list closed by 'luaK_infix' */
+      luaK_concat(fs, &e2->f, e1->f);
+      *e1 = *e2;
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_OR: {
+      lua_assert(e1->f == NO_JUMP);  /* list closed by 'luaK_infix' */
+      luaK_concat(fs, &e2->t, e1->t);
+      *e1 = *e2;
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_CONCAT: {  /* e1 .. e2 */
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e2);
+      codeconcat(fs, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_ADD: case OPR_MUL: {
+      codecommutative(fs, opr, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_SUB: {
+      if (finishbinexpneg(fs, e1, e2, OP_ADDI, line, TM_SUB))
+        break; /* coded as (r1 + -I) */
+      /* ELSE */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case OPR_DIV: case OPR_IDIV: case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW: {
+      codearith(fs, opr, e1, e2, 0, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_BAND: case OPR_BOR: case OPR_BXOR: {
+      codebitwise(fs, opr, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_SHL: {
+      if (isSCint(e1)) {
+        swapexps(e1, e2);
+        codebini(fs, OP_SHLI, e1, e2, 1, line, TM_SHL);  /* I << r2 */
+      }
+      else if (finishbinexpneg(fs, e1, e2, OP_SHRI, line, TM_SHL)) {
+        /* coded as (r1 >> -I) */;
+      }
+      else  /* regular case (two registers) */
+       codebinexpval(fs, opr, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_SHR: {
+      if (isSCint(e2))
+        codebini(fs, OP_SHRI, e1, e2, 0, line, TM_SHR);  /* r1 >> I */
+      else  /* regular case (two registers) */
+        codebinexpval(fs, opr, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_EQ: case OPR_NE: {
+      codeeq(fs, opr, e1, e2);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_GT: case OPR_GE: {
+      /* '(a > b)' <=> '(b < a)';  '(a >= b)' <=> '(b <= a)' */
+      swapexps(e1, e2);
+      opr = cast(BinOpr, (opr - OPR_GT) + OPR_LT);
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case OPR_LT: case OPR_LE: {
+      codeorder(fs, opr, e1, e2);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Change line information associated with current position, by removing
+** previous info and adding it again with new line.
+*/
+void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line) {
+  removelastlineinfo(fs);
+  savelineinfo(fs, fs->f, line);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_settablesize (FuncState *fs, int pc, int ra, int asize, int hsize) {
+  Instruction *inst = &fs->f->code[pc];
+  int rb = (hsize != 0) ? luaO_ceillog2(hsize) + 1 : 0;  /* hash size */
+  int extra = asize / (MAXARG_C + 1);  /* higher bits of array size */
+  int rc = asize % (MAXARG_C + 1);  /* lower bits of array size */
+  int k = (extra > 0);  /* true iff needs extra argument */
+  *inst = CREATE_ABCk(OP_NEWTABLE, ra, rb, rc, k);
+  *(inst + 1) = CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, extra);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit a SETLIST instruction.
+** 'base' is register that keeps table;
+** 'nelems' is #table plus those to be stored now;
+** 'tostore' is number of values (in registers 'base + 1',...) to add to
+** table (or LUA_MULTRET to add up to stack top).
+*/
+void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore) {
+  lua_assert(tostore != 0 && tostore <= LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH);
+  if (tostore == LUA_MULTRET)
+    tostore = 0;
+  if (nelems <= MAXARG_C)
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, tostore, nelems);
+  else {
+    int extra = nelems / (MAXARG_C + 1);
+    nelems %= (MAXARG_C + 1);
+    luaK_codeABCk(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, tostore, nelems, 1);
+    codeextraarg(fs, extra);
+  }
+  fs->freereg = base + 1;  /* free registers with list values */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** return the final target of a jump (skipping jumps to jumps)
+*/
+static int finaltarget (Instruction *code, int i) {
+  int count;
+  for (count = 0; count < 100; count++) {  /* avoid infinite loops */
+    Instruction pc = code[i];
+    if (GET_OPCODE(pc) != OP_JMP)
+      break;
+     else
+       i += GETARG_sJ(pc) + 1;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Do a final pass over the code of a function, doing small peephole
+** optimizations and adjustments.
+*/
+void luaK_finish (FuncState *fs) {
+  int i;
+  Proto *p = fs->f;
+  for (i = 0; i < fs->pc; i++) {
+    Instruction *pc = &p->code[i];
+    lua_assert(i == 0 || isOT(*(pc - 1)) == isIT(*pc));
+    switch (GET_OPCODE(*pc)) {
+      case OP_RETURN0: case OP_RETURN1: {
+        if (!(fs->needclose || p->is_vararg))
+          break;  /* no extra work */
+        /* else use OP_RETURN to do the extra work */
+        SET_OPCODE(*pc, OP_RETURN);
+      }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case OP_RETURN: case OP_TAILCALL: {
+        if (fs->needclose)
+          SETARG_k(*pc, 1);  /* signal that it needs to close */
+        if (p->is_vararg)
+          SETARG_C(*pc, p->numparams + 1);  /* signal that it is vararg */
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_JMP: {
+        int target = finaltarget(p->code, i);
+        fixjump(fs, i, target);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: break;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcode.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3265824452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.h $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lcode_h
+#define lcode_h
+
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Marks the end of a patch list. It is an invalid value both as an absolute
+** address, and as a list link (would link an element to itself).
+*/
+#define NO_JUMP (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OPR" if you change these enums  (ORDER OP)
+*/
+typedef enum BinOpr {
+  /* arithmetic operators */
+  OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW,
+  OPR_DIV, OPR_IDIV,
+  /* bitwise operators */
+  OPR_BAND, OPR_BOR, OPR_BXOR,
+  OPR_SHL, OPR_SHR,
+  /* string operator */
+  OPR_CONCAT,
+  /* comparison operators */
+  OPR_EQ, OPR_LT, OPR_LE,
+  OPR_NE, OPR_GT, OPR_GE,
+  /* logical operators */
+  OPR_AND, OPR_OR,
+  OPR_NOBINOPR
+} BinOpr;
+
+
+/* true if operation is foldable (that is, it is arithmetic or bitwise) */
+#define foldbinop(op)	((op) <= OPR_SHR)
+
+
+#define luaK_codeABC(fs,o,a,b,c)	luaK_codeABCk(fs,o,a,b,c,0)
+
+
+typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_BNOT, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;
+
+
+/* get (pointer to) instruction of given 'expdesc' */
+#define getinstruction(fs,e)	((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.info])
+
+
+#define luaK_setmultret(fs,e)	luaK_setreturns(fs, e, LUA_MULTRET)
+
+#define luaK_jumpto(fs,t)	luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), t)
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeAsBx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A,
+                                            int B, int C, int k);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_isKint (expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2const (FuncState *fs, const expdesc *e, TValue *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_int (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Integer n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *v, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v1,
+                            expdesc *v2, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_settablesize (FuncState *fs, int pc,
+                                  int ra, int asize, int hsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_finish (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcorolib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcorolib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c64adf08a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lcorolib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lcorolib.c $
+** Coroutine Library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lcorolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static lua_State *getco (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, co, 1, "thread");
+  return co;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Resumes a coroutine. Returns the number of results for non-error
+** cases or -1 for errors.
+*/
+static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
+  int status, nres;
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_checkstack(co, narg))) {
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "too many arguments to resume");
+    return -1;  /* error flag */
+  }
+  lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
+  status = lua_resume(co, L, narg, &nres);
+  if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK || status == LUA_YIELD)) {
+    if (l_unlikely(!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1))) {
+      lua_pop(co, nres);  /* remove results anyway */
+      lua_pushliteral(L, "too many results to resume");
+      return -1;  /* error flag */
+    }
+    lua_xmove(co, L, nres);  /* move yielded values */
+    return nres;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* move error message */
+    return -1;  /* error flag */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getco(L);
+  int r;
+  r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
+  if (l_unlikely(r < 0)) {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);
+    return 2;  /* return false + error message */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
+    return r + 1;  /* return true + 'resume' returns */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
+  if (l_unlikely(r < 0)) {  /* error? */
+    int stat = lua_status(co);
+    if (stat != LUA_OK && stat != LUA_YIELD) {  /* error in the coroutine? */
+      stat = lua_closethread(co, L);  /* close its tbc variables */
+      lua_assert(stat != LUA_OK);
+      lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* move error message to the caller */
+    }
+    if (stat != LUA_ERRMEM &&  /* not a memory error and ... */
+        lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TSTRING) {  /* ... error object is a string? */
+      luaL_where(L, 1);  /* add extra info, if available */
+      lua_insert(L, -2);
+      lua_concat(L, 2);
+    }
+    return lua_error(L);  /* propagate error */
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *NL;
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+  NL = lua_newthread(L);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* move function to top */
+  lua_xmove(L, NL, 1);  /* move function from L to NL */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) {
+  luaB_cocreate(L);
+  lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {
+  return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L));
+}
+
+
+#define COS_RUN		0
+#define COS_DEAD	1
+#define COS_YIELD	2
+#define COS_NORM	3
+
+
+static const char *const statname[] =
+  {"running", "dead", "suspended", "normal"};
+
+
+static int auxstatus (lua_State *L, lua_State *co) {
+  if (L == co) return COS_RUN;
+  else {
+    switch (lua_status(co)) {
+      case LUA_YIELD:
+        return COS_YIELD;
+      case LUA_OK: {
+        lua_Debug ar;
+        if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar))  /* does it have frames? */
+          return COS_NORM;  /* it is running */
+        else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
+            return COS_DEAD;
+        else
+          return COS_YIELD;  /* initial state */
+      }
+      default:  /* some error occurred */
+        return COS_DEAD;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getco(L);
+  lua_pushstring(L, statname[auxstatus(L, co)]);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yieldable (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = lua_isnone(L, 1) ? L : getco(L);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, lua_isyieldable(co));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
+  int ismain = lua_pushthread(L);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, ismain);
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_close (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getco(L);
+  int status = auxstatus(L, co);
+  switch (status) {
+    case COS_DEAD: case COS_YIELD: {
+      status = lua_closethread(co, L);
+      if (status == LUA_OK) {
+        lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else {
+        lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+        lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* move error message */
+        return 2;
+      }
+    }
+    default:  /* normal or running coroutine */
+      return luaL_error(L, "cannot close a %s coroutine", statname[status]);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
+  {"create", luaB_cocreate},
+  {"resume", luaB_coresume},
+  {"running", luaB_corunning},
+  {"status", luaB_costatus},
+  {"wrap", luaB_cowrap},
+  {"yield", luaB_yield},
+  {"isyieldable", luaB_yieldable},
+  {"close", luaB_close},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_coroutine (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, co_funcs);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lctype.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lctype.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9542280942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lctype.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lctype.c $
+** 'ctype' functions for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lctype_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+
+#if !LUA_USE_CTYPE	/* { */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+
+#if defined (LUA_UCID)		/* accept UniCode IDentifiers? */
+/* consider all non-ascii codepoints to be alphabetic */
+#define NONA		0x01
+#else
+#define NONA		0x00	/* default */
+#endif
+
+
+LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2] = {
+  0x00,  /* EOZ */
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* 0. */
+  0x00,  0x08,  0x08,  0x08,  0x08,  0x08,  0x00,  0x00,
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* 1. */
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
+  0x0c,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,	/* 2. */
+  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,
+  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,	/* 3. */
+  0x16,  0x16,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,
+  0x04,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x05,	/* 4. */
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,	/* 5. */
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x05,
+  0x04,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x05,	/* 6. */
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,	/* 7. */
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x00,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* 8. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* 9. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* a. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* b. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  0x00,  0x00,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* c. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* d. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* e. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* f. */
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00
+};
+
+#endif			/* } */
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lctype.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lctype.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..864e190188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lctype.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lctype.h $
+** 'ctype' functions for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lctype_h
+#define lctype_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** WARNING: the functions defined here do not necessarily correspond
+** to the similar functions in the standard C ctype.h. They are
+** optimized for the specific needs of Lua.
+*/
+
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_CTYPE)
+
+#if 'A' == 65 && '0' == 48
+/* ASCII case: can use its own tables; faster and fixed */
+#define LUA_USE_CTYPE	0
+#else
+/* must use standard C ctype */
+#define LUA_USE_CTYPE	1
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if !LUA_USE_CTYPE	/* { */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+#define ALPHABIT	0
+#define DIGITBIT	1
+#define PRINTBIT	2
+#define SPACEBIT	3
+#define XDIGITBIT	4
+
+
+#define MASK(B)		(1 << (B))
+
+
+/*
+** add 1 to char to allow index -1 (EOZ)
+*/
+#define testprop(c,p)	(luai_ctype_[(c)+1] & (p))
+
+/*
+** 'lalpha' (Lua alphabetic) and 'lalnum' (Lua alphanumeric) both include '_'
+*/
+#define lislalpha(c)	testprop(c, MASK(ALPHABIT))
+#define lislalnum(c)	testprop(c, (MASK(ALPHABIT) | MASK(DIGITBIT)))
+#define lisdigit(c)	testprop(c, MASK(DIGITBIT))
+#define lisspace(c)	testprop(c, MASK(SPACEBIT))
+#define lisprint(c)	testprop(c, MASK(PRINTBIT))
+#define lisxdigit(c)	testprop(c, MASK(XDIGITBIT))
+
+
+/*
+** In ASCII, this 'ltolower' is correct for alphabetic characters and
+** for '.'. That is enough for Lua needs. ('check_exp' ensures that
+** the character either is an upper-case letter or is unchanged by
+** the transformation, which holds for lower-case letters and '.'.)
+*/
+#define ltolower(c)  \
+  check_exp(('A' <= (c) && (c) <= 'Z') || (c) == ((c) | ('A' ^ 'a')),  \
+            (c) | ('A' ^ 'a'))
+
+
+/* one entry for each character and for -1 (EOZ) */
+LUAI_DDEC(const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2];)
+
+
+#else			/* }{ */
+
+/*
+** use standard C ctypes
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+
+#define lislalpha(c)	(isalpha(c) || (c) == '_')
+#define lislalnum(c)	(isalnum(c) || (c) == '_')
+#define lisdigit(c)	(isdigit(c))
+#define lisspace(c)	(isspace(c))
+#define lisprint(c)	(isprint(c))
+#define lisxdigit(c)	(isxdigit(c))
+
+#define ltolower(c)	(tolower(c))
+
+#endif			/* } */
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldblib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldblib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6dcbaa9824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldblib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldblib.c $
+** Interface from Lua to its debug API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ldblib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** The hook table at registry[HOOKKEY] maps threads to their current
+** hook function.
+*/
+static const char *const HOOKKEY = "_HOOKKEY";
+
+
+/*
+** If L1 != L, L1 can be in any state, and therefore there are no
+** guarantees about its stack space; any push in L1 must be
+** checked.
+*/
+static void checkstack (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, int n) {
+  if (l_unlikely(L != L1 && !lua_checkstack(L1, n)))
+    luaL_error(L, "stack overflow");
+}
+
+
+static int db_getregistry (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* no metatable */
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2, "nil or table");
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+  return 1;  /* return 1st argument */
+}
+
+
+static int db_getuservalue (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) != LUA_TUSERDATA)
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  else if (lua_getiuservalue(L, 1, n) != LUA_TNONE) {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    return 2;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setuservalue (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TUSERDATA);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  if (!lua_setiuservalue(L, 1, n))
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function used by several library functions: check for
+** an optional thread as function's first argument and set 'arg' with
+** 1 if this argument is present (so that functions can skip it to
+** access their other arguments)
+*/
+static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) {
+  if (lua_isthread(L, 1)) {
+    *arg = 1;
+    return lua_tothread(L, 1);
+  }
+  else {
+    *arg = 0;
+    return L;  /* function will operate over current thread */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Variations of 'lua_settable', used by 'db_getinfo' to put results
+** from 'lua_getinfo' into result table. Key is always a string;
+** value can be a string, an int, or a boolean.
+*/
+static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *k, const char *v) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *k, int v) {
+  lua_pushinteger(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+static void settabsb (lua_State *L, const char *k, int v) {
+  lua_pushboolean(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** In function 'db_getinfo', the call to 'lua_getinfo' may push
+** results on the stack; later it creates the result table to put
+** these objects. Function 'treatstackoption' puts the result from
+** 'lua_getinfo' on top of the result table so that it can call
+** 'lua_setfield'.
+*/
+static void treatstackoption (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *fname) {
+  if (L == L1)
+    lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* exchange object and table */
+  else
+    lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* move object to the "main" stack */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);  /* put object into table */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls 'lua_getinfo' and collects all results in a new table.
+** L1 needs stack space for an optional input (function) plus
+** two optional outputs (function and line table) from function
+** 'lua_getinfo'.
+*/
+static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  int arg;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnSrtu");
+  checkstack(L, L1, 3);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, options[0] != '>', arg + 2, "invalid option '>'");
+  if (lua_isfunction(L, arg + 1)) {  /* info about a function? */
+    options = lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options);  /* add '>' to 'options' */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* move function to 'L1' stack */
+    lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+  }
+  else {  /* stack level */
+    if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1), &ar)) {
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* level out of range */
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!lua_getinfo(L1, options, &ar))
+    return luaL_argerror(L, arg+2, "invalid option");
+  lua_newtable(L);  /* table to collect results */
+  if (strchr(options, 'S')) {
+    lua_pushlstring(L, ar.source, ar.srclen);
+    lua_setfield(L, -2, "source");
+    settabss(L, "short_src", ar.short_src);
+    settabsi(L, "linedefined", ar.linedefined);
+    settabsi(L, "lastlinedefined", ar.lastlinedefined);
+    settabss(L, "what", ar.what);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 'l'))
+    settabsi(L, "currentline", ar.currentline);
+  if (strchr(options, 'u')) {
+    settabsi(L, "nups", ar.nups);
+    settabsi(L, "nparams", ar.nparams);
+    settabsb(L, "isvararg", ar.isvararg);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 'n')) {
+    settabss(L, "name", ar.name);
+    settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 'r')) {
+    settabsi(L, "ftransfer", ar.ftransfer);
+    settabsi(L, "ntransfer", ar.ntransfer);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 't'))
+    settabsb(L, "istailcall", ar.istailcall);
+  if (strchr(options, 'L'))
+    treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines");
+  if (strchr(options, 'f'))
+    treatstackoption(L, L1, "func");
+  return 1;  /* return table */
+}
+
+
+static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  int nvar = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 2);  /* local-variable index */
+  if (lua_isfunction(L, arg + 1)) {  /* function argument? */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* push function */
+    lua_pushstring(L, lua_getlocal(L, NULL, nvar));  /* push local name */
+    return 1;  /* return only name (there is no value) */
+  }
+  else {  /* stack-level argument */
+    lua_Debug ar;
+    const char *name;
+    int level = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1);
+    if (l_unlikely(!lua_getstack(L1, level, &ar)))  /* out of range? */
+      return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+    checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+    name = lua_getlocal(L1, &ar, nvar);
+    if (name) {
+      lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* move local value */
+      lua_pushstring(L, name);  /* push name */
+      lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* re-order */
+      return 2;
+    }
+    else {
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* no name (nor value) */
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int db_setlocal (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg;
+  const char *name;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  int level = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1);
+  int nvar = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 2);
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_getstack(L1, level, &ar)))  /* out of range? */
+    return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+  luaL_checkany(L, arg+3);
+  lua_settop(L, arg+3);
+  checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+  lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+  name = lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, nvar);
+  if (name == NULL)
+    lua_pop(L1, 1);  /* pop value (if not popped by 'lua_setlocal') */
+  lua_pushstring(L, name);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** get (if 'get' is true) or set an upvalue from a closure
+*/
+static int auxupvalue (lua_State *L, int get) {
+  const char *name;
+  int n = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);  /* upvalue index */
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* closure */
+  name = get ? lua_getupvalue(L, 1, n) : lua_setupvalue(L, 1, n);
+  if (name == NULL) return 0;
+  lua_pushstring(L, name);
+  lua_insert(L, -(get+1));  /* no-op if get is false */
+  return get + 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getupvalue (lua_State *L) {
+  return auxupvalue(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int db_setupvalue (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+  return auxupvalue(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether a given upvalue from a given closure exists and
+** returns its index
+*/
+static void *checkupval (lua_State *L, int argf, int argnup, int *pnup) {
+  void *id;
+  int nup = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, argnup);  /* upvalue index */
+  luaL_checktype(L, argf, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* closure */
+  id = lua_upvalueid(L, argf, nup);
+  if (pnup) {
+    luaL_argcheck(L, id != NULL, argnup, "invalid upvalue index");
+    *pnup = nup;
+  }
+  return id;
+}
+
+
+static int db_upvalueid (lua_State *L) {
+  void *id = checkupval(L, 1, 2, NULL);
+  if (id != NULL)
+    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, id);
+  else
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L) {
+  int n1, n2;
+  checkupval(L, 1, 2, &n1);
+  checkupval(L, 3, 4, &n2);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1, "Lua function expected");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 3), 3, "Lua function expected");
+  lua_upvaluejoin(L, 1, n1, 3, n2);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call hook function registered at hook table for the current
+** thread (if there is one)
+*/
+static void hookf (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  static const char *const hooknames[] =
+    {"call", "return", "line", "count", "tail call"};
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY);
+  lua_pushthread(L);
+  if (lua_rawget(L, -2) == LUA_TFUNCTION) {  /* is there a hook function? */
+    lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]);  /* push event name */
+    if (ar->currentline >= 0)
+      lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline);  /* push current line */
+    else lua_pushnil(L);
+    lua_assert(lua_getinfo(L, "lS", ar));
+    lua_call(L, 2, 0);  /* call hook function */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a string mask (for 'sethook') into a bit mask
+*/
+static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) {
+  int mask = 0;
+  if (strchr(smask, 'c')) mask |= LUA_MASKCALL;
+  if (strchr(smask, 'r')) mask |= LUA_MASKRET;
+  if (strchr(smask, 'l')) mask |= LUA_MASKLINE;
+  if (count > 0) mask |= LUA_MASKCOUNT;
+  return mask;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a bit mask (for 'gethook') into a string mask
+*/
+static char *unmakemask (int mask, char *smask) {
+  int i = 0;
+  if (mask & LUA_MASKCALL) smask[i++] = 'c';
+  if (mask & LUA_MASKRET) smask[i++] = 'r';
+  if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) smask[i++] = 'l';
+  smask[i] = '\0';
+  return smask;
+}
+
+
+static int db_sethook (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg, mask, count;
+  lua_Hook func;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) {  /* no hook? */
+    lua_settop(L, arg+1);
+    func = NULL; mask = 0; count = 0;  /* turn off hooks */
+  }
+  else {
+    const char *smask = luaL_checkstring(L, arg+2);
+    luaL_checktype(L, arg+1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+    count = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, arg + 3, 0);
+    func = hookf; mask = makemask(smask, count);
+  }
+  if (!luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY)) {
+    /* table just created; initialize it */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "k");
+    lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode");  /** hooktable.__mode = "k" */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+    lua_setmetatable(L, -2);  /* metatable(hooktable) = hooktable */
+  }
+  checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+  lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* key (thread) */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* value (hook function) */
+  lua_rawset(L, -3);  /* hooktable[L1] = new Lua hook */
+  lua_sethook(L1, func, mask, count);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  char buff[5];
+  int mask = lua_gethookmask(L1);
+  lua_Hook hook = lua_gethook(L1);
+  if (hook == NULL) {  /* no hook? */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else if (hook != hookf)  /* external hook? */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "external hook");
+  else {  /* hook table must exist */
+    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY);
+    checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+    lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
+    lua_rawget(L, -2);   /* 1st result = hooktable[L1] */
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove hook table */
+  }
+  lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff));  /* 2nd result = mask */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1));  /* 3rd result = count */
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int db_debug (lua_State *L) {
+  for (;;) {
+    char buffer[250];
+    lua_writestringerror("%s", "lua_debug> ");
+    if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == NULL ||
+        strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0)
+      return 0;
+    if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") ||
+        lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0))
+      lua_writestringerror("%s\n", luaL_tolstring(L, -1, NULL));
+    lua_settop(L, 0);  /* remove eventual returns */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int db_traceback (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, arg + 1);
+  if (msg == NULL && !lua_isnoneornil(L, arg + 1))  /* non-string 'msg'? */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* return it untouched */
+  else {
+    int level = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, arg + 2, (L == L1) ? 1 : 0);
+    luaL_traceback(L, L1, msg, level);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setcstacklimit (lua_State *L) {
+  int limit = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+  int res = lua_setcstacklimit(L, limit);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, res);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = {
+  {"debug", db_debug},
+  {"getuservalue", db_getuservalue},
+  {"gethook", db_gethook},
+  {"getinfo", db_getinfo},
+  {"getlocal", db_getlocal},
+  {"getregistry", db_getregistry},
+  {"getmetatable", db_getmetatable},
+  {"getupvalue", db_getupvalue},
+  {"upvaluejoin", db_upvaluejoin},
+  {"upvalueid", db_upvalueid},
+  {"setuservalue", db_setuservalue},
+  {"sethook", db_sethook},
+  {"setlocal", db_setlocal},
+  {"setmetatable", db_setmetatable},
+  {"setupvalue", db_setupvalue},
+  {"traceback", db_traceback},
+  {"setcstacklimit", db_setcstacklimit},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_debug (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, dblib);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldebug.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldebug.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28b1caabf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldebug.c
@@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.c $
+** Debug Interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ldebug_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+#define noLuaClosure(f)		((f) == NULL || (f)->c.tt == LUA_VCCL)
+
+
+static const char *funcnamefromcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
+                                                   const char **name);
+
+
+static int currentpc (CallInfo *ci) {
+  lua_assert(isLua(ci));
+  return pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, ci_func(ci)->p);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get a "base line" to find the line corresponding to an instruction.
+** Base lines are regularly placed at MAXIWTHABS intervals, so usually
+** an integer division gets the right place. When the source file has
+** large sequences of empty/comment lines, it may need extra entries,
+** so the original estimate needs a correction.
+** If the original estimate is -1, the initial 'if' ensures that the
+** 'while' will run at least once.
+** The assertion that the estimate is a lower bound for the correct base
+** is valid as long as the debug info has been generated with the same
+** value for MAXIWTHABS or smaller. (Previous releases use a little
+** smaller value.)
+*/
+static int getbaseline (const Proto *f, int pc, int *basepc) {
+  if (f->sizeabslineinfo == 0 || pc < f->abslineinfo[0].pc) {
+    *basepc = -1;  /* start from the beginning */
+    return f->linedefined;
+  }
+  else {
+    int i = cast_uint(pc) / MAXIWTHABS - 1;  /* get an estimate */
+    /* estimate must be a lower bound of the correct base */
+    lua_assert(i < 0 ||
+              (i < f->sizeabslineinfo && f->abslineinfo[i].pc <= pc));
+    while (i + 1 < f->sizeabslineinfo && pc >= f->abslineinfo[i + 1].pc)
+      i++;  /* low estimate; adjust it */
+    *basepc = f->abslineinfo[i].pc;
+    return f->abslineinfo[i].line;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the line corresponding to instruction 'pc' in function 'f';
+** first gets a base line and from there does the increments until
+** the desired instruction.
+*/
+int luaG_getfuncline (const Proto *f, int pc) {
+  if (f->lineinfo == NULL)  /* no debug information? */
+    return -1;
+  else {
+    int basepc;
+    int baseline = getbaseline(f, pc, &basepc);
+    while (basepc++ < pc) {  /* walk until given instruction */
+      lua_assert(f->lineinfo[basepc] != ABSLINEINFO);
+      baseline += f->lineinfo[basepc];  /* correct line */
+    }
+    return baseline;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int getcurrentline (CallInfo *ci) {
+  return luaG_getfuncline(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set 'trap' for all active Lua frames.
+** This function can be called during a signal, under "reasonable"
+** assumptions. A new 'ci' is completely linked in the list before it
+** becomes part of the "active" list, and we assume that pointers are
+** atomic; see comment in next function.
+** (A compiler doing interprocedural optimizations could, theoretically,
+** reorder memory writes in such a way that the list could be
+** temporarily broken while inserting a new element. We simply assume it
+** has no good reasons to do that.)
+*/
+static void settraps (CallInfo *ci) {
+  for (; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous)
+    if (isLua(ci))
+      ci->u.l.trap = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** This function can be called during a signal, under "reasonable"
+** assumptions.
+** Fields 'basehookcount' and 'hookcount' (set by 'resethookcount')
+** are for debug only, and it is no problem if they get arbitrary
+** values (causes at most one wrong hook call). 'hookmask' is an atomic
+** value. We assume that pointers are atomic too (e.g., gcc ensures that
+** for all platforms where it runs). Moreover, 'hook' is always checked
+** before being called (see 'luaD_hook').
+*/
+LUA_API void lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count) {
+  if (func == NULL || mask == 0) {  /* turn off hooks? */
+    mask = 0;
+    func = NULL;
+  }
+  L->hook = func;
+  L->basehookcount = count;
+  resethookcount(L);
+  L->hookmask = cast_byte(mask);
+  if (mask)
+    settraps(L->ci);  /* to trace inside 'luaV_execute' */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+  return L->hook;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L) {
+  return L->hookmask;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L) {
+  return L->basehookcount;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  int status;
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  if (level < 0) return 0;  /* invalid (negative) level */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  for (ci = L->ci; level > 0 && ci != &L->base_ci; ci = ci->previous)
+    level--;
+  if (level == 0 && ci != &L->base_ci) {  /* level found? */
+    status = 1;
+    ar->i_ci = ci;
+  }
+  else status = 0;  /* no such level */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+static const char *upvalname (const Proto *p, int uv) {
+  TString *s = check_exp(uv < p->sizeupvalues, p->upvalues[uv].name);
+  if (s == NULL) return "?";
+  else return getstr(s);
+}
+
+
+static const char *findvararg (CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) {
+  if (clLvalue(s2v(ci->func.p))->p->is_vararg) {
+    int nextra = ci->u.l.nextraargs;
+    if (n >= -nextra) {  /* 'n' is negative */
+      *pos = ci->func.p - nextra - (n + 1);
+      return "(vararg)";  /* generic name for any vararg */
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* no such vararg */
+}
+
+
+const char *luaG_findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) {
+  StkId base = ci->func.p + 1;
+  const char *name = NULL;
+  if (isLua(ci)) {
+    if (n < 0)  /* access to vararg values? */
+      return findvararg(ci, n, pos);
+    else
+      name = luaF_getlocalname(ci_func(ci)->p, n, currentpc(ci));
+  }
+  if (name == NULL) {  /* no 'standard' name? */
+    StkId limit = (ci == L->ci) ? L->top.p : ci->next->func.p;
+    if (limit - base >= n && n > 0) {  /* is 'n' inside 'ci' stack? */
+      /* generic name for any valid slot */
+      name = isLua(ci) ? "(temporary)" : "(C temporary)";
+    }
+    else
+      return NULL;  /* no name */
+  }
+  if (pos)
+    *pos = base + (n - 1);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+  const char *name;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (ar == NULL) {  /* information about non-active function? */
+    if (!isLfunction(s2v(L->top.p - 1)))  /* not a Lua function? */
+      name = NULL;
+    else  /* consider live variables at function start (parameters) */
+      name = luaF_getlocalname(clLvalue(s2v(L->top.p - 1))->p, n, 0);
+  }
+  else {  /* active function; get information through 'ar' */
+    StkId pos = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+    name = luaG_findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
+    if (name) {
+      setobjs2s(L, L->top.p, pos);
+      api_incr_top(L);
+    }
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+  StkId pos = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  const char *name;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  name = luaG_findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
+  if (name) {
+    setobjs2s(L, pos, L->top.p - 1);
+    L->top.p--;  /* pop value */
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) {
+  if (noLuaClosure(cl)) {
+    ar->source = "=[C]";
+    ar->srclen = LL("=[C]");
+    ar->linedefined = -1;
+    ar->lastlinedefined = -1;
+    ar->what = "C";
+  }
+  else {
+    const Proto *p = cl->l.p;
+    if (p->source) {
+      ar->source = getstr(p->source);
+      ar->srclen = tsslen(p->source);
+    }
+    else {
+      ar->source = "=?";
+      ar->srclen = LL("=?");
+    }
+    ar->linedefined = p->linedefined;
+    ar->lastlinedefined = p->lastlinedefined;
+    ar->what = (ar->linedefined == 0) ? "main" : "Lua";
+  }
+  luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, ar->srclen);
+}
+
+
+static int nextline (const Proto *p, int currentline, int pc) {
+  if (p->lineinfo[pc] != ABSLINEINFO)
+    return currentline + p->lineinfo[pc];
+  else
+    return luaG_getfuncline(p, pc);
+}
+
+
+static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {
+  if (noLuaClosure(f)) {
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p));
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  else {
+    int i;
+    TValue v;
+    const Proto *p = f->l.p;
+    int currentline = p->linedefined;
+    Table *t = luaH_new(L);  /* new table to store active lines */
+    sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p, t);  /* push it on stack */
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    setbtvalue(&v);  /* boolean 'true' to be the value of all indices */
+    if (!p->is_vararg)  /* regular function? */
+      i = 0;  /* consider all instructions */
+    else {  /* vararg function */
+      lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(p->code[0]) == OP_VARARGPREP);
+      currentline = nextline(p, currentline, 0);
+      i = 1;  /* skip first instruction (OP_VARARGPREP) */
+    }
+    for (; i < p->sizelineinfo; i++) {  /* for each instruction */
+      currentline = nextline(p, currentline, i);  /* get its line */
+      luaH_setint(L, t, currentline, &v);  /* table[line] = true */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) {
+  /* calling function is a known function? */
+  if (ci != NULL && !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL))
+    return funcnamefromcall(L, ci->previous, name);
+  else return NULL;  /* no way to find a name */
+}
+
+
+static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar,
+                       Closure *f, CallInfo *ci) {
+  int status = 1;
+  for (; *what; what++) {
+    switch (*what) {
+      case 'S': {
+        funcinfo(ar, f);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'l': {
+        ar->currentline = (ci && isLua(ci)) ? getcurrentline(ci) : -1;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'u': {
+        ar->nups = (f == NULL) ? 0 : f->c.nupvalues;
+        if (noLuaClosure(f)) {
+          ar->isvararg = 1;
+          ar->nparams = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+          ar->isvararg = f->l.p->is_vararg;
+          ar->nparams = f->l.p->numparams;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 't': {
+        ar->istailcall = (ci) ? ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL : 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'n': {
+        ar->namewhat = getfuncname(L, ci, &ar->name);
+        if (ar->namewhat == NULL) {
+          ar->namewhat = "";  /* not found */
+          ar->name = NULL;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'r': {
+        if (ci == NULL || !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TRAN))
+          ar->ftransfer = ar->ntransfer = 0;
+        else {
+          ar->ftransfer = ci->u2.transferinfo.ftransfer;
+          ar->ntransfer = ci->u2.transferinfo.ntransfer;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'L':
+      case 'f':  /* handled by lua_getinfo */
+        break;
+      default: status = 0;  /* invalid option */
+    }
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  int status;
+  Closure *cl;
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  TValue *func;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (*what == '>') {
+    ci = NULL;
+    func = s2v(L->top.p - 1);
+    api_check(L, ttisfunction(func), "function expected");
+    what++;  /* skip the '>' */
+    L->top.p--;  /* pop function */
+  }
+  else {
+    ci = ar->i_ci;
+    func = s2v(ci->func.p);
+    lua_assert(ttisfunction(func));
+  }
+  cl = ttisclosure(func) ? clvalue(func) : NULL;
+  status = auxgetinfo(L, what, ar, cl, ci);
+  if (strchr(what, 'f')) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p, func);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  if (strchr(what, 'L'))
+    collectvalidlines(L, cl);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Symbolic Execution
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
+                               const char **name);
+
+
+/*
+** Find a "name" for the constant 'c'.
+*/
+static void kname (const Proto *p, int c, const char **name) {
+  TValue *kvalue = &p->k[c];
+  *name = (ttisstring(kvalue)) ? svalue(kvalue) : "?";
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find a "name" for the register 'c'.
+*/
+static void rname (const Proto *p, int pc, int c, const char **name) {
+  const char *what = getobjname(p, pc, c, name); /* search for 'c' */
+  if (!(what && *what == 'c'))  /* did not find a constant name? */
+    *name = "?";
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find a "name" for a 'C' value in an RK instruction.
+*/
+static void rkname (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, const char **name) {
+  int c = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+  if (GETARG_k(i))  /* is 'c' a constant? */
+    kname(p, c, name);
+  else  /* 'c' is a register */
+    rname(p, pc, c, name);
+}
+
+
+static int filterpc (int pc, int jmptarget) {
+  if (pc < jmptarget)  /* is code conditional (inside a jump)? */
+    return -1;  /* cannot know who sets that register */
+  else return pc;  /* current position sets that register */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find last instruction before 'lastpc' that modified register 'reg'.
+*/
+static int findsetreg (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg) {
+  int pc;
+  int setreg = -1;  /* keep last instruction that changed 'reg' */
+  int jmptarget = 0;  /* any code before this address is conditional */
+  if (testMMMode(GET_OPCODE(p->code[lastpc])))
+    lastpc--;  /* previous instruction was not actually executed */
+  for (pc = 0; pc < lastpc; pc++) {
+    Instruction i = p->code[pc];
+    OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+    int a = GETARG_A(i);
+    int change;  /* true if current instruction changed 'reg' */
+    switch (op) {
+      case OP_LOADNIL: {  /* set registers from 'a' to 'a+b' */
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);
+        change = (a <= reg && reg <= a + b);
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_TFORCALL: {  /* affect all regs above its base */
+        change = (reg >= a + 2);
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_CALL:
+      case OP_TAILCALL: {  /* affect all registers above base */
+        change = (reg >= a);
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_JMP: {  /* doesn't change registers, but changes 'jmptarget' */
+        int b = GETARG_sJ(i);
+        int dest = pc + 1 + b;
+        /* jump does not skip 'lastpc' and is larger than current one? */
+        if (dest <= lastpc && dest > jmptarget)
+          jmptarget = dest;  /* update 'jmptarget' */
+        change = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      default:  /* any instruction that sets A */
+        change = (testAMode(op) && reg == a);
+        break;
+    }
+    if (change)
+      setreg = filterpc(pc, jmptarget);
+  }
+  return setreg;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether table being indexed by instruction 'i' is the
+** environment '_ENV'
+*/
+static const char *gxf (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, int isup) {
+  int t = GETARG_B(i);  /* table index */
+  const char *name;  /* name of indexed variable */
+  if (isup)  /* is an upvalue? */
+    name = upvalname(p, t);
+  else
+    getobjname(p, pc, t, &name);
+  return (name && strcmp(name, LUA_ENV) == 0) ? "global" : "field";
+}
+
+
+static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
+                               const char **name) {
+  int pc;
+  *name = luaF_getlocalname(p, reg + 1, lastpc);
+  if (*name)  /* is a local? */
+    return "local";
+  /* else try symbolic execution */
+  pc = findsetreg(p, lastpc, reg);
+  if (pc != -1) {  /* could find instruction? */
+    Instruction i = p->code[pc];
+    OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+    switch (op) {
+      case OP_MOVE: {
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);  /* move from 'b' to 'a' */
+        if (b < GETARG_A(i))
+          return getobjname(p, pc, b, name);  /* get name for 'b' */
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_GETTABUP: {
+        int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+        kname(p, k, name);
+        return gxf(p, pc, i, 1);
+      }
+      case OP_GETTABLE: {
+        int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+        rname(p, pc, k, name);
+        return gxf(p, pc, i, 0);
+      }
+      case OP_GETI: {
+        *name = "integer index";
+        return "field";
+      }
+      case OP_GETFIELD: {
+        int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+        kname(p, k, name);
+        return gxf(p, pc, i, 0);
+      }
+      case OP_GETUPVAL: {
+        *name = upvalname(p, GETARG_B(i));
+        return "upvalue";
+      }
+      case OP_LOADK:
+      case OP_LOADKX: {
+        int b = (op == OP_LOADK) ? GETARG_Bx(i)
+                                 : GETARG_Ax(p->code[pc + 1]);
+        if (ttisstring(&p->k[b])) {
+          *name = svalue(&p->k[b]);
+          return "constant";
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_SELF: {
+        rkname(p, pc, i, name);
+        return "method";
+      }
+      default: break;  /* go through to return NULL */
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* could not find reasonable name */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a name for a function based on the code that called it.
+** (Only works when function was called by a Lua function.)
+** Returns what the name is (e.g., "for iterator", "method",
+** "metamethod") and sets '*name' to point to the name.
+*/
+static const char *funcnamefromcode (lua_State *L, const Proto *p,
+                                     int pc, const char **name) {
+  TMS tm = (TMS)0;  /* (initial value avoids warnings) */
+  Instruction i = p->code[pc];  /* calling instruction */
+  switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+    case OP_CALL:
+    case OP_TAILCALL:
+      return getobjname(p, pc, GETARG_A(i), name);  /* get function name */
+    case OP_TFORCALL: {  /* for iterator */
+      *name = "for iterator";
+       return "for iterator";
+    }
+    /* other instructions can do calls through metamethods */
+    case OP_SELF: case OP_GETTABUP: case OP_GETTABLE:
+    case OP_GETI: case OP_GETFIELD:
+      tm = TM_INDEX;
+      break;
+    case OP_SETTABUP: case OP_SETTABLE: case OP_SETI: case OP_SETFIELD:
+      tm = TM_NEWINDEX;
+      break;
+    case OP_MMBIN: case OP_MMBINI: case OP_MMBINK: {
+      tm = cast(TMS, GETARG_C(i));
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_UNM: tm = TM_UNM; break;
+    case OP_BNOT: tm = TM_BNOT; break;
+    case OP_LEN: tm = TM_LEN; break;
+    case OP_CONCAT: tm = TM_CONCAT; break;
+    case OP_EQ: tm = TM_EQ; break;
+    /* no cases for OP_EQI and OP_EQK, as they don't call metamethods */
+    case OP_LT: case OP_LTI: case OP_GTI: tm = TM_LT; break;
+    case OP_LE: case OP_LEI: case OP_GEI: tm = TM_LE; break;
+    case OP_CLOSE: case OP_RETURN: tm = TM_CLOSE; break;
+    default:
+      return NULL;  /* cannot find a reasonable name */
+  }
+  *name = getstr(G(L)->tmname[tm]) + 2;
+  return "metamethod";
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a name for a function based on how it was called.
+*/
+static const char *funcnamefromcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
+                                                   const char **name) {
+  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED) {  /* was it called inside a hook? */
+    *name = "?";
+    return "hook";
+  }
+  else if (ci->callstatus & CIST_FIN) {  /* was it called as a finalizer? */
+    *name = "__gc";
+    return "metamethod";  /* report it as such */
+  }
+  else if (isLua(ci))
+    return funcnamefromcode(L, ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci), name);
+  else
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether pointer 'o' points to some value in the stack frame of
+** the current function and, if so, returns its index.  Because 'o' may
+** not point to a value in this stack, we cannot compare it with the
+** region boundaries (undefined behavior in ISO C).
+*/
+static int instack (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o) {
+  int pos;
+  StkId base = ci->func.p + 1;
+  for (pos = 0; base + pos < ci->top.p; pos++) {
+    if (o == s2v(base + pos))
+      return pos;
+  }
+  return -1;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Checks whether value 'o' came from an upvalue. (That can only happen
+** with instructions OP_GETTABUP/OP_SETTABUP, which operate directly on
+** upvalues.)
+*/
+static const char *getupvalname (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o,
+                                 const char **name) {
+  LClosure *c = ci_func(ci);
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < c->nupvalues; i++) {
+    if (c->upvals[i]->v.p == o) {
+      *name = upvalname(c->p, i);
+      return "upvalue";
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *formatvarinfo (lua_State *L, const char *kind,
+                                                const char *name) {
+  if (kind == NULL)
+    return "";  /* no information */
+  else
+    return luaO_pushfstring(L, " (%s '%s')", kind, name);
+}
+
+/*
+** Build a string with a "description" for the value 'o', such as
+** "variable 'x'" or "upvalue 'y'".
+*/
+static const char *varinfo (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  const char *kind = NULL;
+  if (isLua(ci)) {
+    kind = getupvalname(ci, o, &name);  /* check whether 'o' is an upvalue */
+    if (!kind) {  /* not an upvalue? */
+      int reg = instack(ci, o);  /* try a register */
+      if (reg >= 0)  /* is 'o' a register? */
+        kind = getobjname(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci), reg, &name);
+    }
+  }
+  return formatvarinfo(L, kind, name);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Raise a type error
+*/
+static l_noret typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op,
+                          const char *extra) {
+  const char *t = luaT_objtypename(L, o);
+  luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value%s", op, t, extra);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Raise a type error with "standard" information about the faulty
+** object 'o' (using 'varinfo').
+*/
+l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) {
+  typeerror(L, o, op, varinfo(L, o));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Raise an error for calling a non-callable object. Try to find a name
+** for the object based on how it was called ('funcnamefromcall'); if it
+** cannot get a name there, try 'varinfo'.
+*/
+l_noret luaG_callerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  const char *kind = funcnamefromcall(L, ci, &name);
+  const char *extra = kind ? formatvarinfo(L, kind, name) : varinfo(L, o);
+  typeerror(L, o, "call", extra);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_forerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *what) {
+  luaG_runerror(L, "bad 'for' %s (number expected, got %s)",
+                   what, luaT_objtypename(L, o));
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+  if (ttisstring(p1) || cvt2str(p1)) p1 = p2;
+  luaG_typeerror(L, p1, "concatenate");
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_opinterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                         const TValue *p2, const char *msg) {
+  if (!ttisnumber(p1))  /* first operand is wrong? */
+    p2 = p1;  /* now second is wrong */
+  luaG_typeerror(L, p2, msg);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Error when both values are convertible to numbers, but not to integers
+*/
+l_noret luaG_tointerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+  lua_Integer temp;
+  if (!luaV_tointegerns(p1, &temp, LUA_FLOORN2I))
+    p2 = p1;
+  luaG_runerror(L, "number%s has no integer representation", varinfo(L, p2));
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+  const char *t1 = luaT_objtypename(L, p1);
+  const char *t2 = luaT_objtypename(L, p2);
+  if (strcmp(t1, t2) == 0)
+    luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare two %s values", t1);
+  else
+    luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare %s with %s", t1, t2);
+}
+
+
+/* add src:line information to 'msg' */
+const char *luaG_addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg, TString *src,
+                                        int line) {
+  char buff[LUA_IDSIZE];
+  if (src)
+    luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(src), tsslen(src));
+  else {  /* no source available; use "?" instead */
+    buff[0] = '?'; buff[1] = '\0';
+  }
+  return luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) {
+  if (L->errfunc != 0) {  /* is there an error handling function? */
+    StkId errfunc = restorestack(L, L->errfunc);
+    lua_assert(ttisfunction(s2v(errfunc)));
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top.p, L->top.p - 1);  /* move argument */
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top.p - 1, errfunc);  /* push function */
+    L->top.p++;  /* assume EXTRA_STACK */
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, L->top.p - 2, 1);  /* call it */
+  }
+  luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  const char *msg;
+  va_list argp;
+  luaC_checkGC(L);  /* error message uses memory */
+  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);  /* format message */
+  va_end(argp);
+  if (isLua(ci)) {  /* if Lua function, add source:line information */
+    luaG_addinfo(L, msg, ci_func(ci)->p->source, getcurrentline(ci));
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top.p - 2, L->top.p - 1);  /* remove 'msg' */
+    L->top.p--;
+  }
+  luaG_errormsg(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether new instruction 'newpc' is in a different line from
+** previous instruction 'oldpc'. More often than not, 'newpc' is only
+** one or a few instructions after 'oldpc' (it must be after, see
+** caller), so try to avoid calling 'luaG_getfuncline'. If they are
+** too far apart, there is a good chance of a ABSLINEINFO in the way,
+** so it goes directly to 'luaG_getfuncline'.
+*/
+static int changedline (const Proto *p, int oldpc, int newpc) {
+  if (p->lineinfo == NULL)  /* no debug information? */
+    return 0;
+  if (newpc - oldpc < MAXIWTHABS / 2) {  /* not too far apart? */
+    int delta = 0;  /* line difference */
+    int pc = oldpc;
+    for (;;) {
+      int lineinfo = p->lineinfo[++pc];
+      if (lineinfo == ABSLINEINFO)
+        break;  /* cannot compute delta; fall through */
+      delta += lineinfo;
+      if (pc == newpc)
+        return (delta != 0);  /* delta computed successfully */
+    }
+  }
+  /* either instructions are too far apart or there is an absolute line
+     info in the way; compute line difference explicitly */
+  return (luaG_getfuncline(p, oldpc) != luaG_getfuncline(p, newpc));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traces the execution of a Lua function. Called before the execution
+** of each opcode, when debug is on. 'L->oldpc' stores the last
+** instruction traced, to detect line changes. When entering a new
+** function, 'npci' will be zero and will test as a new line whatever
+** the value of 'oldpc'.  Some exceptional conditions may return to
+** a function without setting 'oldpc'. In that case, 'oldpc' may be
+** invalid; if so, use zero as a valid value. (A wrong but valid 'oldpc'
+** at most causes an extra call to a line hook.)
+** This function is not "Protected" when called, so it should correct
+** 'L->top.p' before calling anything that can run the GC.
+*/
+int luaG_traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  lu_byte mask = L->hookmask;
+  const Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
+  int counthook;
+  if (!(mask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT))) {  /* no hooks? */
+    ci->u.l.trap = 0;  /* don't need to stop again */
+    return 0;  /* turn off 'trap' */
+  }
+  pc++;  /* reference is always next instruction */
+  ci->u.l.savedpc = pc;  /* save 'pc' */
+  counthook = (--L->hookcount == 0 && (mask & LUA_MASKCOUNT));
+  if (counthook)
+    resethookcount(L);  /* reset count */
+  else if (!(mask & LUA_MASKLINE))
+    return 1;  /* no line hook and count != 0; nothing to be done now */
+  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKYIELD) {  /* called hook last time? */
+    ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* erase mark */
+    return 1;  /* do not call hook again (VM yielded, so it did not move) */
+  }
+  if (!isIT(*(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1)))  /* top not being used? */
+    L->top.p = ci->top.p;  /* correct top */
+  if (counthook)
+    luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1, 0, 0);  /* call count hook */
+  if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) {
+    /* 'L->oldpc' may be invalid; use zero in this case */
+    int oldpc = (L->oldpc < p->sizecode) ? L->oldpc : 0;
+    int npci = pcRel(pc, p);
+    if (npci <= oldpc ||  /* call hook when jump back (loop), */
+        changedline(p, oldpc, npci)) {  /* or when enter new line */
+      int newline = luaG_getfuncline(p, npci);
+      luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline, 0, 0);  /* call line hook */
+    }
+    L->oldpc = npci;  /* 'pc' of last call to line hook */
+  }
+  if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) {  /* did hook yield? */
+    if (counthook)
+      L->hookcount = 1;  /* undo decrement to zero */
+    ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* undo increment (resume will increment it again) */
+    ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* mark that it yielded */
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
+  }
+  return 1;  /* keep 'trap' on */
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldebug.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldebug.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c3074c61b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldebug.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.h $
+** Auxiliary functions from Debug Interface module
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldebug_h
+#define ldebug_h
+
+
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define pcRel(pc, p)	(cast_int((pc) - (p)->code) - 1)
+
+
+/* Active Lua function (given call info) */
+#define ci_func(ci)		(clLvalue(s2v((ci)->func.p)))
+
+
+#define resethookcount(L)	(L->hookcount = L->basehookcount)
+
+/*
+** mark for entries in 'lineinfo' array that has absolute information in
+** 'abslineinfo' array
+*/
+#define ABSLINEINFO	(-0x80)
+
+
+/*
+** MAXimum number of successive Instructions WiTHout ABSolute line
+** information. (A power of two allows fast divisions.)
+*/
+#if !defined(MAXIWTHABS)
+#define MAXIWTHABS	128
+#endif
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_getfuncline (const Proto *f, int pc);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaG_findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n,
+                                                    StkId *pos);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+                                                const char *opname);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_callerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_forerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+                                               const char *what);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                  const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_opinterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                 const TValue *p2,
+                                                 const char *msg);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_tointerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                 const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                 const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaG_addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg,
+                                                  TString *src, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldo.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldo.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a0017ca62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.c $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ldo_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+#define errorstatus(s)	((s) > LUA_YIELD)
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-recovery functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling. By
+** default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when compiling as
+** C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them, and with
+** longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_THROW)				/* { */
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(LUA_USE_LONGJMP)	/* { */
+
+/* C++ exceptions */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		throw(c)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) \
+	try { a } catch(...) { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }
+#define luai_jmpbuf		int  /* dummy variable */
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)				/* }{ */
+
+/* in POSIX, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		_longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf
+
+#else							/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C handling with long jumps */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf
+
+#endif							/* } */
+
+#endif							/* } */
+
+
+
+/* chain list of long jump buffers */
+struct lua_longjmp {
+  struct lua_longjmp *previous;
+  luai_jmpbuf b;
+  volatile int status;  /* error code */
+};
+
+
+void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {
+  switch (errcode) {
+    case LUA_ERRMEM: {  /* memory error? */
+      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, G(L)->memerrmsg); /* reuse preregistered msg. */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_ERRERR: {
+      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling"));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_OK: {  /* special case only for closing upvalues */
+      setnilvalue(s2v(oldtop));  /* no error message */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      lua_assert(errorstatus(errcode));  /* real error */
+      setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top.p - 1);  /* error message on current top */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  L->top.p = oldtop + 1;
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
+  if (L->errorJmp) {  /* thread has an error handler? */
+    L->errorJmp->status = errcode;  /* set status */
+    LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp);  /* jump to it */
+  }
+  else {  /* thread has no error handler */
+    global_State *g = G(L);
+    errcode = luaE_resetthread(L, errcode);  /* close all upvalues */
+    if (g->mainthread->errorJmp) {  /* main thread has a handler? */
+      setobjs2s(L, g->mainthread->top.p++, L->top.p - 1);  /* copy error obj. */
+      luaD_throw(g->mainthread, errcode);  /* re-throw in main thread */
+    }
+    else {  /* no handler at all; abort */
+      if (g->panic) {  /* panic function? */
+        lua_unlock(L);
+        g->panic(L);  /* call panic function (last chance to jump out) */
+      }
+      abort();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
+  l_uint32 oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
+  struct lua_longjmp lj;
+  lj.status = LUA_OK;
+  lj.previous = L->errorJmp;  /* chain new error handler */
+  L->errorJmp = &lj;
+  LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
+    (*f)(L, ud);
+  );
+  L->errorJmp = lj.previous;  /* restore old error handler */
+  L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
+  return lj.status;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Stack reallocation
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Change all pointers to the stack into offsets.
+*/
+static void relstack (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  UpVal *up;
+  L->top.offset = savestack(L, L->top.p);
+  L->tbclist.offset = savestack(L, L->tbclist.p);
+  for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->u.open.next)
+    up->v.offset = savestack(L, uplevel(up));
+  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+    ci->top.offset = savestack(L, ci->top.p);
+    ci->func.offset = savestack(L, ci->func.p);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Change back all offsets into pointers.
+*/
+static void correctstack (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  UpVal *up;
+  L->top.p = restorestack(L, L->top.offset);
+  L->tbclist.p = restorestack(L, L->tbclist.offset);
+  for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->u.open.next)
+    up->v.p = s2v(restorestack(L, up->v.offset));
+  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+    ci->top.p = restorestack(L, ci->top.offset);
+    ci->func.p = restorestack(L, ci->func.offset);
+    if (isLua(ci))
+      ci->u.l.trap = 1;  /* signal to update 'trap' in 'luaV_execute' */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* some space for error handling */
+#define ERRORSTACKSIZE	(LUAI_MAXSTACK + 200)
+
+/*
+** Reallocate the stack to a new size, correcting all pointers into it.
+** In ISO C, any pointer use after the pointer has been deallocated is
+** undefined behavior. So, before the reallocation, all pointers are
+** changed to offsets, and after the reallocation they are changed back
+** to pointers. As during the reallocation the pointers are invalid, the
+** reallocation cannot run emergency collections.
+**
+** In case of allocation error, raise an error or return false according
+** to 'raiseerror'.
+*/
+int luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize, int raiseerror) {
+  int oldsize = stacksize(L);
+  int i;
+  StkId newstack;
+  int oldgcstop = G(L)->gcstopem;
+  lua_assert(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK || newsize == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+  relstack(L);  /* change pointers to offsets */
+  G(L)->gcstopem = 1;  /* stop emergency collection */
+  newstack = luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack.p, oldsize + EXTRA_STACK,
+                                   newsize + EXTRA_STACK, StackValue);
+  G(L)->gcstopem = oldgcstop;  /* restore emergency collection */
+  if (l_unlikely(newstack == NULL)) {  /* reallocation failed? */
+    correctstack(L);  /* change offsets back to pointers */
+    if (raiseerror)
+      luaM_error(L);
+    else return 0;  /* do not raise an error */
+  }
+  L->stack.p = newstack;
+  correctstack(L);  /* change offsets back to pointers */
+  L->stack_last.p = L->stack.p + newsize;
+  for (i = oldsize + EXTRA_STACK; i < newsize + EXTRA_STACK; i++)
+    setnilvalue(s2v(newstack + i)); /* erase new segment */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to grow the stack by at least 'n' elements. When 'raiseerror'
+** is true, raises any error; otherwise, return 0 in case of errors.
+*/
+int luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n, int raiseerror) {
+  int size = stacksize(L);
+  if (l_unlikely(size > LUAI_MAXSTACK)) {
+    /* if stack is larger than maximum, thread is already using the
+       extra space reserved for errors, that is, thread is handling
+       a stack error; cannot grow further than that. */
+    lua_assert(stacksize(L) == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+    if (raiseerror)
+      luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);  /* error inside message handler */
+    return 0;  /* if not 'raiseerror', just signal it */
+  }
+  else if (n < LUAI_MAXSTACK) {  /* avoids arithmetic overflows */
+    int newsize = 2 * size;  /* tentative new size */
+    int needed = cast_int(L->top.p - L->stack.p) + n;
+    if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK)  /* cannot cross the limit */
+      newsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
+    if (newsize < needed)  /* but must respect what was asked for */
+      newsize = needed;
+    if (l_likely(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK))
+      return luaD_reallocstack(L, newsize, raiseerror);
+  }
+  /* else stack overflow */
+  /* add extra size to be able to handle the error message */
+  luaD_reallocstack(L, ERRORSTACKSIZE, raiseerror);
+  if (raiseerror)
+    luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow");
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Compute how much of the stack is being used, by computing the
+** maximum top of all call frames in the stack and the current top.
+*/
+static int stackinuse (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  int res;
+  StkId lim = L->top.p;
+  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+    if (lim < ci->top.p) lim = ci->top.p;
+  }
+  lua_assert(lim <= L->stack_last.p + EXTRA_STACK);
+  res = cast_int(lim - L->stack.p) + 1;  /* part of stack in use */
+  if (res < LUA_MINSTACK)
+    res = LUA_MINSTACK;  /* ensure a minimum size */
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If stack size is more than 3 times the current use, reduce that size
+** to twice the current use. (So, the final stack size is at most 2/3 the
+** previous size, and half of its entries are empty.)
+** As a particular case, if stack was handling a stack overflow and now
+** it is not, 'max' (limited by LUAI_MAXSTACK) will be smaller than
+** stacksize (equal to ERRORSTACKSIZE in this case), and so the stack
+** will be reduced to a "regular" size.
+*/
+void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L) {
+  int inuse = stackinuse(L);
+  int max = (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK / 3) ? LUAI_MAXSTACK : inuse * 3;
+  /* if thread is currently not handling a stack overflow and its
+     size is larger than maximum "reasonable" size, shrink it */
+  if (inuse <= LUAI_MAXSTACK && stacksize(L) > max) {
+    int nsize = (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK / 2) ? LUAI_MAXSTACK : inuse * 2;
+    luaD_reallocstack(L, nsize, 0);  /* ok if that fails */
+  }
+  else  /* don't change stack */
+    condmovestack(L,{},{});  /* (change only for debugging) */
+  luaE_shrinkCI(L);  /* shrink CI list */
+}
+
+
+void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L) {
+  luaD_checkstack(L, 1);
+  L->top.p++;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** Call a hook for the given event. Make sure there is a hook to be
+** called. (Both 'L->hook' and 'L->hookmask', which trigger this
+** function, can be changed asynchronously by signals.)
+*/
+void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
+                              int ftransfer, int ntransfer) {
+  lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
+  if (hook && L->allowhook) {  /* make sure there is a hook */
+    int mask = CIST_HOOKED;
+    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+    ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top.p);  /* preserve original 'top' */
+    ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, ci->top.p);  /* idem for 'ci->top' */
+    lua_Debug ar;
+    ar.event = event;
+    ar.currentline = line;
+    ar.i_ci = ci;
+    if (ntransfer != 0) {
+      mask |= CIST_TRAN;  /* 'ci' has transfer information */
+      ci->u2.transferinfo.ftransfer = ftransfer;
+      ci->u2.transferinfo.ntransfer = ntransfer;
+    }
+    if (isLua(ci) && L->top.p < ci->top.p)
+      L->top.p = ci->top.p;  /* protect entire activation register */
+    luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
+    if (ci->top.p < L->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK)
+      ci->top.p = L->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK;
+    L->allowhook = 0;  /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
+    ci->callstatus |= mask;
+    lua_unlock(L);
+    (*hook)(L, &ar);
+    lua_lock(L);
+    lua_assert(!L->allowhook);
+    L->allowhook = 1;
+    ci->top.p = restorestack(L, ci_top);
+    L->top.p = restorestack(L, top);
+    ci->callstatus &= ~mask;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Executes a call hook for Lua functions. This function is called
+** whenever 'hookmask' is not zero, so it checks whether call hooks are
+** active.
+*/
+void luaD_hookcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+  L->oldpc = 0;  /* set 'oldpc' for new function */
+  if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL) {  /* is call hook on? */
+    int event = (ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL) ? LUA_HOOKTAILCALL
+                                             : LUA_HOOKCALL;
+    Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
+    ci->u.l.savedpc++;  /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */
+    luaD_hook(L, event, -1, 1, p->numparams);
+    ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* correct 'pc' */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Executes a return hook for Lua and C functions and sets/corrects
+** 'oldpc'. (Note that this correction is needed by the line hook, so it
+** is done even when return hooks are off.)
+*/
+static void rethook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
+  if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET) {  /* is return hook on? */
+    StkId firstres = L->top.p - nres;  /* index of first result */
+    int delta = 0;  /* correction for vararg functions */
+    int ftransfer;
+    if (isLua(ci)) {
+      Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
+      if (p->is_vararg)
+        delta = ci->u.l.nextraargs + p->numparams + 1;
+    }
+    ci->func.p += delta;  /* if vararg, back to virtual 'func' */
+    ftransfer = cast(unsigned short, firstres - ci->func.p);
+    luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1, ftransfer, nres);  /* call it */
+    ci->func.p -= delta;
+  }
+  if (isLua(ci = ci->previous))
+    L->oldpc = pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, ci_func(ci)->p);  /* set 'oldpc' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'func' has a '__call' metafield. If so, put it in the
+** stack, below original 'func', so that 'luaD_precall' can call it. Raise
+** an error if there is no '__call' metafield.
+*/
+StkId luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
+  const TValue *tm;
+  StkId p;
+  checkstackGCp(L, 1, func);  /* space for metamethod */
+  tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(func), TM_CALL);  /* (after previous GC) */
+  if (l_unlikely(ttisnil(tm)))
+    luaG_callerror(L, s2v(func));  /* nothing to call */
+  for (p = L->top.p; p > func; p--)  /* open space for metamethod */
+    setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
+  L->top.p++;  /* stack space pre-allocated by the caller */
+  setobj2s(L, func, tm);  /* metamethod is the new function to be called */
+  return func;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Given 'nres' results at 'firstResult', move 'wanted' of them to 'res'.
+** Handle most typical cases (zero results for commands, one result for
+** expressions, multiple results for tail calls/single parameters)
+** separated.
+*/
+l_sinline void moveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres, int wanted) {
+  StkId firstresult;
+  int i;
+  switch (wanted) {  /* handle typical cases separately */
+    case 0:  /* no values needed */
+      L->top.p = res;
+      return;
+    case 1:  /* one value needed */
+      if (nres == 0)   /* no results? */
+        setnilvalue(s2v(res));  /* adjust with nil */
+      else  /* at least one result */
+        setobjs2s(L, res, L->top.p - nres);  /* move it to proper place */
+      L->top.p = res + 1;
+      return;
+    case LUA_MULTRET:
+      wanted = nres;  /* we want all results */
+      break;
+    default:  /* two/more results and/or to-be-closed variables */
+      if (hastocloseCfunc(wanted)) {  /* to-be-closed variables? */
+        L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_CLSRET;  /* in case of yields */
+        L->ci->u2.nres = nres;
+        res = luaF_close(L, res, CLOSEKTOP, 1);
+        L->ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_CLSRET;
+        if (L->hookmask) {  /* if needed, call hook after '__close's */
+          ptrdiff_t savedres = savestack(L, res);
+          rethook(L, L->ci, nres);
+          res = restorestack(L, savedres);  /* hook can move stack */
+        }
+        wanted = decodeNresults(wanted);
+        if (wanted == LUA_MULTRET)
+          wanted = nres;  /* we want all results */
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+  /* generic case */
+  firstresult = L->top.p - nres;  /* index of first result */
+  if (nres > wanted)  /* extra results? */
+    nres = wanted;  /* don't need them */
+  for (i = 0; i < nres; i++)  /* move all results to correct place */
+    setobjs2s(L, res + i, firstresult + i);
+  for (; i < wanted; i++)  /* complete wanted number of results */
+    setnilvalue(s2v(res + i));
+  L->top.p = res + wanted;  /* top points after the last result */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finishes a function call: calls hook if necessary, moves current
+** number of results to proper place, and returns to previous call
+** info. If function has to close variables, hook must be called after
+** that.
+*/
+void luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
+  int wanted = ci->nresults;
+  if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask && !hastocloseCfunc(wanted)))
+    rethook(L, ci, nres);
+  /* move results to proper place */
+  moveresults(L, ci->func.p, nres, wanted);
+  /* function cannot be in any of these cases when returning */
+  lua_assert(!(ci->callstatus &
+        (CIST_HOOKED | CIST_YPCALL | CIST_FIN | CIST_TRAN | CIST_CLSRET)));
+  L->ci = ci->previous;  /* back to caller (after closing variables) */
+}
+
+
+
+#define next_ci(L)  (L->ci->next ? L->ci->next : luaE_extendCI(L))
+
+
+l_sinline CallInfo *prepCallInfo (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nret,
+                                                int mask, StkId top) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci = next_ci(L);  /* new frame */
+  ci->func.p = func;
+  ci->nresults = nret;
+  ci->callstatus = mask;
+  ci->top.p = top;
+  return ci;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** precall for C functions
+*/
+l_sinline int precallC (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults,
+                                            lua_CFunction f) {
+  int n;  /* number of returns */
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  checkstackGCp(L, LUA_MINSTACK, func);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
+  L->ci = ci = prepCallInfo(L, func, nresults, CIST_C,
+                               L->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK);
+  lua_assert(ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
+  if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)) {
+    int narg = cast_int(L->top.p - func) - 1;
+    luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1, 1, narg);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  n = (*f)(L);  /* do the actual call */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, n);
+  luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prepare a function for a tail call, building its call info on top
+** of the current call info. 'narg1' is the number of arguments plus 1
+** (so that it includes the function itself). Return the number of
+** results, if it was a C function, or -1 for a Lua function.
+*/
+int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,
+                                    int narg1, int delta) {
+ retry:
+  switch (ttypetag(s2v(func))) {
+    case LUA_VCCL:  /* C closure */
+      return precallC(L, func, LUA_MULTRET, clCvalue(s2v(func))->f);
+    case LUA_VLCF:  /* light C function */
+      return precallC(L, func, LUA_MULTRET, fvalue(s2v(func)));
+    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua function */
+      Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(func))->p;
+      int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
+      int nfixparams = p->numparams;
+      int i;
+      checkstackGCp(L, fsize - delta, func);
+      ci->func.p -= delta;  /* restore 'func' (if vararg) */
+      for (i = 0; i < narg1; i++)  /* move down function and arguments */
+        setobjs2s(L, ci->func.p + i, func + i);
+      func = ci->func.p;  /* moved-down function */
+      for (; narg1 <= nfixparams; narg1++)
+        setnilvalue(s2v(func + narg1));  /* complete missing arguments */
+      ci->top.p = func + 1 + fsize;  /* top for new function */
+      lua_assert(ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
+      ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
+      ci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;
+      L->top.p = func + narg1;  /* set top */
+      return -1;
+    }
+    default: {  /* not a function */
+      func = luaD_tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
+      /* return luaD_pretailcall(L, ci, func, narg1 + 1, delta); */
+      narg1++;
+      goto retry;  /* try again */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prepares the call to a function (C or Lua). For C functions, also do
+** the call. The function to be called is at '*func'.  The arguments
+** are on the stack, right after the function.  Returns the CallInfo
+** to be executed, if it was a Lua function. Otherwise (a C function)
+** returns NULL, with all the results on the stack, starting at the
+** original function position.
+*/
+CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
+ retry:
+  switch (ttypetag(s2v(func))) {
+    case LUA_VCCL:  /* C closure */
+      precallC(L, func, nresults, clCvalue(s2v(func))->f);
+      return NULL;
+    case LUA_VLCF:  /* light C function */
+      precallC(L, func, nresults, fvalue(s2v(func)));
+      return NULL;
+    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua function */
+      CallInfo *ci;
+      Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(func))->p;
+      int narg = cast_int(L->top.p - func) - 1;  /* number of real arguments */
+      int nfixparams = p->numparams;
+      int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
+      checkstackGCp(L, fsize, func);
+      L->ci = ci = prepCallInfo(L, func, nresults, 0, func + 1 + fsize);
+      ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
+      for (; narg < nfixparams; narg++)
+        setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p++));  /* complete missing arguments */
+      lua_assert(ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
+      return ci;
+    }
+    default: {  /* not a function */
+      func = luaD_tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
+      /* return luaD_precall(L, func, nresults); */
+      goto retry;  /* try again with metamethod */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call a function (C or Lua) through C. 'inc' can be 1 (increment
+** number of recursive invocations in the C stack) or nyci (the same
+** plus increment number of non-yieldable calls).
+** This function can be called with some use of EXTRA_STACK, so it should
+** check the stack before doing anything else. 'luaD_precall' already
+** does that.
+*/
+l_sinline void ccall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults, l_uint32 inc) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  L->nCcalls += inc;
+  if (l_unlikely(getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS)) {
+    checkstackp(L, 0, func);  /* free any use of EXTRA_STACK */
+    luaE_checkcstack(L);
+  }
+  if ((ci = luaD_precall(L, func, nResults)) != NULL) {  /* Lua function? */
+    ci->callstatus = CIST_FRESH;  /* mark that it is a "fresh" execute */
+    luaV_execute(L, ci);  /* call it */
+  }
+  L->nCcalls -= inc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** External interface for 'ccall'
+*/
+void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
+  ccall(L, func, nResults, 1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Similar to 'luaD_call', but does not allow yields during the call.
+*/
+void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
+  ccall(L, func, nResults, nyci);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish the job of 'lua_pcallk' after it was interrupted by an yield.
+** (The caller, 'finishCcall', does the final call to 'adjustresults'.)
+** The main job is to complete the 'luaD_pcall' called by 'lua_pcallk'.
+** If a '__close' method yields here, eventually control will be back
+** to 'finishCcall' (when that '__close' method finally returns) and
+** 'finishpcallk' will run again and close any still pending '__close'
+** methods. Similarly, if a '__close' method errs, 'precover' calls
+** 'unroll' which calls ''finishCcall' and we are back here again, to
+** close any pending '__close' methods.
+** Note that, up to the call to 'luaF_close', the corresponding
+** 'CallInfo' is not modified, so that this repeated run works like the
+** first one (except that it has at least one less '__close' to do). In
+** particular, field CIST_RECST preserves the error status across these
+** multiple runs, changing only if there is a new error.
+*/
+static int finishpcallk (lua_State *L,  CallInfo *ci) {
+  int status = getcistrecst(ci);  /* get original status */
+  if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK))  /* no error? */
+    status = LUA_YIELD;  /* was interrupted by an yield */
+  else {  /* error */
+    StkId func = restorestack(L, ci->u2.funcidx);
+    L->allowhook = getoah(ci->callstatus);  /* restore 'allowhook' */
+    func = luaF_close(L, func, status, 1);  /* can yield or raise an error */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, func);
+    luaD_shrinkstack(L);   /* restore stack size in case of overflow */
+    setcistrecst(ci, LUA_OK);  /* clear original status */
+  }
+  ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL;
+  L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+  /* if it is here, there were errors or yields; unlike 'lua_pcallk',
+     do not change status */
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Completes the execution of a C function interrupted by an yield.
+** The interruption must have happened while the function was either
+** closing its tbc variables in 'moveresults' or executing
+** 'lua_callk'/'lua_pcallk'. In the first case, it just redoes
+** 'luaD_poscall'. In the second case, the call to 'finishpcallk'
+** finishes the interrupted execution of 'lua_pcallk'.  After that, it
+** calls the continuation of the interrupted function and finally it
+** completes the job of the 'luaD_call' that called the function.  In
+** the call to 'adjustresults', we do not know the number of results
+** of the function called by 'lua_callk'/'lua_pcallk', so we are
+** conservative and use LUA_MULTRET (always adjust).
+*/
+static void finishCcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+  int n;  /* actual number of results from C function */
+  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_CLSRET) {  /* was returning? */
+    lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(ci->nresults));
+    n = ci->u2.nres;  /* just redo 'luaD_poscall' */
+    /* don't need to reset CIST_CLSRET, as it will be set again anyway */
+  }
+  else {
+    int status = LUA_YIELD;  /* default if there were no errors */
+    /* must have a continuation and must be able to call it */
+    lua_assert(ci->u.c.k != NULL && yieldable(L));
+    if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL)   /* was inside a 'lua_pcallk'? */
+      status = finishpcallk(L, ci);  /* finish it */
+    adjustresults(L, LUA_MULTRET);  /* finish 'lua_callk' */
+    lua_unlock(L);
+    n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L, status, ci->u.c.ctx);  /* call continuation */
+    lua_lock(L);
+    api_checknelems(L, n);
+  }
+  luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);  /* finish 'luaD_call' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Executes "full continuation" (everything in the stack) of a
+** previously interrupted coroutine until the stack is empty (or another
+** interruption long-jumps out of the loop).
+*/
+static void unroll (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  UNUSED(ud);
+  while ((ci = L->ci) != &L->base_ci) {  /* something in the stack */
+    if (!isLua(ci))  /* C function? */
+      finishCcall(L, ci);  /* complete its execution */
+    else {  /* Lua function */
+      luaV_finishOp(L);  /* finish interrupted instruction */
+      luaV_execute(L, ci);  /* execute down to higher C 'boundary' */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a suspended protected call (a "recover point") for the
+** given thread.
+*/
+static CallInfo *findpcall (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {  /* search for a pcall */
+    if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL)
+      return ci;
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* no pending pcall */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Signal an error in the call to 'lua_resume', not in the execution
+** of the coroutine itself. (Such errors should not be handled by any
+** coroutine error handler and should not kill the coroutine.)
+*/
+static int resume_error (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int narg) {
+  L->top.p -= narg;  /* remove args from the stack */
+  setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, luaS_new(L, msg));  /* push error message */
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return LUA_ERRRUN;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Do the work for 'lua_resume' in protected mode. Most of the work
+** depends on the status of the coroutine: initial state, suspended
+** inside a hook, or regularly suspended (optionally with a continuation
+** function), plus erroneous cases: non-suspended coroutine or dead
+** coroutine.
+*/
+static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  int n = *(cast(int*, ud));  /* number of arguments */
+  StkId firstArg = L->top.p - n;  /* first argument */
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  if (L->status == LUA_OK)  /* starting a coroutine? */
+    ccall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 0);  /* just call its body */
+  else {  /* resuming from previous yield */
+    lua_assert(L->status == LUA_YIELD);
+    L->status = LUA_OK;  /* mark that it is running (again) */
+    if (isLua(ci)) {  /* yielded inside a hook? */
+      L->top.p = firstArg;  /* discard arguments */
+      luaV_execute(L, ci);  /* just continue running Lua code */
+    }
+    else {  /* 'common' yield */
+      if (ci->u.c.k != NULL) {  /* does it have a continuation function? */
+        lua_unlock(L);
+        n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L, LUA_YIELD, ci->u.c.ctx); /* call continuation */
+        lua_lock(L);
+        api_checknelems(L, n);
+      }
+      luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);  /* finish 'luaD_call' */
+    }
+    unroll(L, NULL);  /* run continuation */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Unrolls a coroutine in protected mode while there are recoverable
+** errors, that is, errors inside a protected call. (Any error
+** interrupts 'unroll', and this loop protects it again so it can
+** continue.) Stops with a normal end (status == LUA_OK), an yield
+** (status == LUA_YIELD), or an unprotected error ('findpcall' doesn't
+** find a recover point).
+*/
+static int precover (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  while (errorstatus(status) && (ci = findpcall(L)) != NULL) {
+    L->ci = ci;  /* go down to recovery functions */
+    setcistrecst(ci, status);  /* status to finish 'pcall' */
+    status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, unroll, NULL);
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs,
+                                      int *nresults) {
+  int status;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (L->status == LUA_OK) {  /* may be starting a coroutine */
+    if (L->ci != &L->base_ci)  /* not in base level? */
+      return resume_error(L, "cannot resume non-suspended coroutine", nargs);
+    else if (L->top.p - (L->ci->func.p + 1) == nargs)  /* no function? */
+      return resume_error(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine", nargs);
+  }
+  else if (L->status != LUA_YIELD)  /* ended with errors? */
+    return resume_error(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine", nargs);
+  L->nCcalls = (from) ? getCcalls(from) : 0;
+  if (getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+    return resume_error(L, "C stack overflow", nargs);
+  L->nCcalls++;
+  luai_userstateresume(L, nargs);
+  api_checknelems(L, (L->status == LUA_OK) ? nargs + 1 : nargs);
+  status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, &nargs);
+   /* continue running after recoverable errors */
+  status = precover(L, status);
+  if (l_likely(!errorstatus(status)))
+    lua_assert(status == L->status);  /* normal end or yield */
+  else {  /* unrecoverable error */
+    L->status = cast_byte(status);  /* mark thread as 'dead' */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->top.p);  /* push error message */
+    L->ci->top.p = L->top.p;
+  }
+  *nresults = (status == LUA_YIELD) ? L->ci->u2.nyield
+                                    : cast_int(L->top.p - (L->ci->func.p + 1));
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isyieldable (lua_State *L) {
+  return yieldable(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx,
+                        lua_KFunction k) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  luai_userstateyield(L, nresults);
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ci = L->ci;
+  api_checknelems(L, nresults);
+  if (l_unlikely(!yieldable(L))) {
+    if (L != G(L)->mainthread)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield across a C-call boundary");
+    else
+      luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield from outside a coroutine");
+  }
+  L->status = LUA_YIELD;
+  ci->u2.nyield = nresults;  /* save number of results */
+  if (isLua(ci)) {  /* inside a hook? */
+    lua_assert(!isLuacode(ci));
+    api_check(L, nresults == 0, "hooks cannot yield values");
+    api_check(L, k == NULL, "hooks cannot continue after yielding");
+  }
+  else {
+    if ((ci->u.c.k = k) != NULL)  /* is there a continuation? */
+      ci->u.c.ctx = ctx;  /* save context */
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
+  }
+  lua_assert(ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED);  /* must be inside a hook */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return 0;  /* return to 'luaD_hook' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary structure to call 'luaF_close' in protected mode.
+*/
+struct CloseP {
+  StkId level;
+  int status;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function to call 'luaF_close' in protected mode.
+*/
+static void closepaux (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  struct CloseP *pcl = cast(struct CloseP *, ud);
+  luaF_close(L, pcl->level, pcl->status, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls 'luaF_close' in protected mode. Return the original status
+** or, in case of errors, the new status.
+*/
+int luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, int status) {
+  CallInfo *old_ci = L->ci;
+  lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
+  for (;;) {  /* keep closing upvalues until no more errors */
+    struct CloseP pcl;
+    pcl.level = restorestack(L, level); pcl.status = status;
+    status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, &closepaux, &pcl);
+    if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK))  /* no more errors? */
+      return pcl.status;
+    else {  /* an error occurred; restore saved state and repeat */
+      L->ci = old_ci;
+      L->allowhook = old_allowhooks;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call the C function 'func' in protected mode, restoring basic
+** thread information ('allowhook', etc.) and in particular
+** its stack level in case of errors.
+*/
+int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+                ptrdiff_t old_top, ptrdiff_t ef) {
+  int status;
+  CallInfo *old_ci = L->ci;
+  lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
+  ptrdiff_t old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+  L->errfunc = ef;
+  status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, func, u);
+  if (l_unlikely(status != LUA_OK)) {  /* an error occurred? */
+    L->ci = old_ci;
+    L->allowhook = old_allowhooks;
+    status = luaD_closeprotected(L, old_top, status);
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, restorestack(L, old_top));
+    luaD_shrinkstack(L);   /* restore stack size in case of overflow */
+  }
+  L->errfunc = old_errfunc;
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected parser.
+*/
+struct SParser {  /* data to 'f_parser' */
+  ZIO *z;
+  Mbuffer buff;  /* dynamic structure used by the scanner */
+  Dyndata dyd;  /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+  const char *mode;
+  const char *name;
+};
+
+
+static void checkmode (lua_State *L, const char *mode, const char *x) {
+  if (mode && strchr(mode, x[0]) == NULL) {
+    luaO_pushfstring(L,
+       "attempt to load a %s chunk (mode is '%s')", x, mode);
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void f_parser (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  LClosure *cl;
+  struct SParser *p = cast(struct SParser *, ud);
+  int c = zgetc(p->z);  /* read first character */
+  if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) {
+    checkmode(L, p->mode, "binary");
+    cl = luaU_undump(L, p->z, p->name);
+  }
+  else {
+    checkmode(L, p->mode, "text");
+    cl = luaY_parser(L, p->z, &p->buff, &p->dyd, p->name, c);
+  }
+  lua_assert(cl->nupvalues == cl->p->sizeupvalues);
+  luaF_initupvals(L, cl);
+}
+
+
+int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+                                        const char *mode) {
+  struct SParser p;
+  int status;
+  incnny(L);  /* cannot yield during parsing */
+  p.z = z; p.name = name; p.mode = mode;
+  p.dyd.actvar.arr = NULL; p.dyd.actvar.size = 0;
+  p.dyd.gt.arr = NULL; p.dyd.gt.size = 0;
+  p.dyd.label.arr = NULL; p.dyd.label.size = 0;
+  luaZ_initbuffer(L, &p.buff);
+  status = luaD_pcall(L, f_parser, &p, savestack(L, L->top.p), L->errfunc);
+  luaZ_freebuffer(L, &p.buff);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.actvar.arr, p.dyd.actvar.size);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.gt.arr, p.dyd.gt.size);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.label.arr, p.dyd.label.size);
+  decnny(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldo.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1aa446ad09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.h $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldo_h
+#define ldo_h
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Macro to check stack size and grow stack if needed.  Parameters
+** 'pre'/'pos' allow the macro to preserve a pointer into the
+** stack across reallocations, doing the work only when needed.
+** It also allows the running of one GC step when the stack is
+** reallocated.
+** 'condmovestack' is used in heavy tests to force a stack reallocation
+** at every check.
+*/
+#define luaD_checkstackaux(L,n,pre,pos)  \
+	if (l_unlikely(L->stack_last.p - L->top.p <= (n))) \
+	  { pre; luaD_growstack(L, n, 1); pos; } \
+        else { condmovestack(L,pre,pos); }
+
+/* In general, 'pre'/'pos' are empty (nothing to save) */
+#define luaD_checkstack(L,n)	luaD_checkstackaux(L,n,(void)0,(void)0)
+
+
+
+#define savestack(L,pt)		(cast_charp(pt) - cast_charp(L->stack.p))
+#define restorestack(L,n)	cast(StkId, cast_charp(L->stack.p) + (n))
+
+
+/* macro to check stack size, preserving 'p' */
+#define checkstackp(L,n,p)  \
+  luaD_checkstackaux(L, n, \
+    ptrdiff_t t__ = savestack(L, p),  /* save 'p' */ \
+    p = restorestack(L, t__))  /* 'pos' part: restore 'p' */
+
+
+/* macro to check stack size and GC, preserving 'p' */
+#define checkstackGCp(L,n,p)  \
+  luaD_checkstackaux(L, n, \
+    ptrdiff_t t__ = savestack(L, p);  /* save 'p' */ \
+    luaC_checkGC(L),  /* stack grow uses memory */ \
+    p = restorestack(L, t__))  /* 'pos' part: restore 'p' */
+
+
+/* macro to check stack size and GC */
+#define checkstackGC(L,fsize)  \
+	luaD_checkstackaux(L, (fsize), luaC_checkGC(L), (void)0)
+
+
+/* type of protected functions, to be ran by 'runprotected' */
+typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+                                                  const char *mode);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
+                                        int fTransfer, int nTransfer);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hookcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func,
+                                              int narg1, int delta);
+LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC StkId luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, int status);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+                                        ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize, int raiseerror);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n, int raiseerror);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L);
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldump.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldump.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f231691b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ldump.c
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldump.c $
+** save precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ldump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+
+typedef struct {
+  lua_State *L;
+  lua_Writer writer;
+  void *data;
+  int strip;
+  int status;
+} DumpState;
+
+
+/*
+** All high-level dumps go through dumpVector; you can change it to
+** change the endianness of the result
+*/
+#define dumpVector(D,v,n)	dumpBlock(D,v,(n)*sizeof((v)[0]))
+
+#define dumpLiteral(D, s)	dumpBlock(D,s,sizeof(s) - sizeof(char))
+
+
+static void dumpBlock (DumpState *D, const void *b, size_t size) {
+  if (D->status == 0 && size > 0) {
+    lua_unlock(D->L);
+    D->status = (*D->writer)(D->L, b, size, D->data);
+    lua_lock(D->L);
+  }
+}
+
+
+#define dumpVar(D,x)		dumpVector(D,&x,1)
+
+
+static void dumpByte (DumpState *D, int y) {
+  lu_byte x = (lu_byte)y;
+  dumpVar(D, x);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** 'dumpSize' buffer size: each byte can store up to 7 bits. (The "+6"
+** rounds up the division.)
+*/
+#define DIBS    ((sizeof(size_t) * CHAR_BIT + 6) / 7)
+
+static void dumpSize (DumpState *D, size_t x) {
+  lu_byte buff[DIBS];
+  int n = 0;
+  do {
+    buff[DIBS - (++n)] = x & 0x7f;  /* fill buffer in reverse order */
+    x >>= 7;
+  } while (x != 0);
+  buff[DIBS - 1] |= 0x80;  /* mark last byte */
+  dumpVector(D, buff + DIBS - n, n);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpInt (DumpState *D, int x) {
+  dumpSize(D, x);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpNumber (DumpState *D, lua_Number x) {
+  dumpVar(D, x);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpInteger (DumpState *D, lua_Integer x) {
+  dumpVar(D, x);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpString (DumpState *D, const TString *s) {
+  if (s == NULL)
+    dumpSize(D, 0);
+  else {
+    size_t size = tsslen(s);
+    const char *str = getstr(s);
+    dumpSize(D, size + 1);
+    dumpVector(D, str, size);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpCode (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  dumpInt(D, f->sizecode);
+  dumpVector(D, f->code, f->sizecode);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpFunction(DumpState *D, const Proto *f, TString *psource);
+
+static void dumpConstants (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = f->sizek;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const TValue *o = &f->k[i];
+    int tt = ttypetag(o);
+    dumpByte(D, tt);
+    switch (tt) {
+      case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+        dumpNumber(D, fltvalue(o));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMINT:
+        dumpInteger(D, ivalue(o));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+      case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+        dumpString(D, tsvalue(o));
+        break;
+      default:
+        lua_assert(tt == LUA_VNIL || tt == LUA_VFALSE || tt == LUA_VTRUE);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpProtos (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = f->sizep;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    dumpFunction(D, f->p[i], f->source);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpUpvalues (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i, n = f->sizeupvalues;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].instack);
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].idx);
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].kind);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpDebug (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i, n;
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  dumpVector(D, f->lineinfo, n);
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeabslineinfo;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    dumpInt(D, f->abslineinfo[i].pc);
+    dumpInt(D, f->abslineinfo[i].line);
+  }
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    dumpString(D, f->locvars[i].varname);
+    dumpInt(D, f->locvars[i].startpc);
+    dumpInt(D, f->locvars[i].endpc);
+  }
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    dumpString(D, f->upvalues[i].name);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpFunction (DumpState *D, const Proto *f, TString *psource) {
+  if (D->strip || f->source == psource)
+    dumpString(D, NULL);  /* no debug info or same source as its parent */
+  else
+    dumpString(D, f->source);
+  dumpInt(D, f->linedefined);
+  dumpInt(D, f->lastlinedefined);
+  dumpByte(D, f->numparams);
+  dumpByte(D, f->is_vararg);
+  dumpByte(D, f->maxstacksize);
+  dumpCode(D, f);
+  dumpConstants(D, f);
+  dumpUpvalues(D, f);
+  dumpProtos(D, f);
+  dumpDebug(D, f);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpHeader (DumpState *D) {
+  dumpLiteral(D, LUA_SIGNATURE);
+  dumpByte(D, LUAC_VERSION);
+  dumpByte(D, LUAC_FORMAT);
+  dumpLiteral(D, LUAC_DATA);
+  dumpByte(D, sizeof(Instruction));
+  dumpByte(D, sizeof(lua_Integer));
+  dumpByte(D, sizeof(lua_Number));
+  dumpInteger(D, LUAC_INT);
+  dumpNumber(D, LUAC_NUM);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk
+*/
+int luaU_dump(lua_State *L, const Proto *f, lua_Writer w, void *data,
+              int strip) {
+  DumpState D;
+  D.L = L;
+  D.writer = w;
+  D.data = data;
+  D.strip = strip;
+  D.status = 0;
+  dumpHeader(&D);
+  dumpByte(&D, f->sizeupvalues);
+  dumpFunction(&D, f, NULL);
+  return D.status;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lfunc.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lfunc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0945f241de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lfunc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.c $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lfunc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+CClosure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VCCL, sizeCclosure(nupvals));
+  CClosure *c = gco2ccl(o);
+  c->nupvalues = cast_byte(nupvals);
+  return c;
+}
+
+
+LClosure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VLCL, sizeLclosure(nupvals));
+  LClosure *c = gco2lcl(o);
+  c->p = NULL;
+  c->nupvalues = cast_byte(nupvals);
+  while (nupvals--) c->upvals[nupvals] = NULL;
+  return c;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** fill a closure with new closed upvalues
+*/
+void luaF_initupvals (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) {
+    GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal));
+    UpVal *uv = gco2upv(o);
+    uv->v.p = &uv->u.value;  /* make it closed */
+    setnilvalue(uv->v.p);
+    cl->upvals[i] = uv;
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, uv);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a new upvalue at the given level, and link it to the list of
+** open upvalues of 'L' after entry 'prev'.
+**/
+static UpVal *newupval (lua_State *L, StkId level, UpVal **prev) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal));
+  UpVal *uv = gco2upv(o);
+  UpVal *next = *prev;
+  uv->v.p = s2v(level);  /* current value lives in the stack */
+  uv->u.open.next = next;  /* link it to list of open upvalues */
+  uv->u.open.previous = prev;
+  if (next)
+    next->u.open.previous = &uv->u.open.next;
+  *prev = uv;
+  if (!isintwups(L)) {  /* thread not in list of threads with upvalues? */
+    L->twups = G(L)->twups;  /* link it to the list */
+    G(L)->twups = L;
+  }
+  return uv;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find and reuse, or create if it does not exist, an upvalue
+** at the given level.
+*/
+UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  UpVal **pp = &L->openupval;
+  UpVal *p;
+  lua_assert(isintwups(L) || L->openupval == NULL);
+  while ((p = *pp) != NULL && uplevel(p) >= level) {  /* search for it */
+    lua_assert(!isdead(G(L), p));
+    if (uplevel(p) == level)  /* corresponding upvalue? */
+      return p;  /* return it */
+    pp = &p->u.open.next;
+  }
+  /* not found: create a new upvalue after 'pp' */
+  return newupval(L, level, pp);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call closing method for object 'obj' with error message 'err'. The
+** boolean 'yy' controls whether the call is yieldable.
+** (This function assumes EXTRA_STACK.)
+*/
+static void callclosemethod (lua_State *L, TValue *obj, TValue *err, int yy) {
+  StkId top = L->top.p;
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, obj, TM_CLOSE);
+  setobj2s(L, top, tm);  /* will call metamethod... */
+  setobj2s(L, top + 1, obj);  /* with 'self' as the 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, top + 2, err);  /* and error msg. as 2nd argument */
+  L->top.p = top + 3;  /* add function and arguments */
+  if (yy)
+    luaD_call(L, top, 0);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, top, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether object at given level has a close metamethod and raise
+** an error if not.
+*/
+static void checkclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(level), TM_CLOSE);
+  if (ttisnil(tm)) {  /* no metamethod? */
+    int idx = cast_int(level - L->ci->func.p);  /* variable index */
+    const char *vname = luaG_findlocal(L, L->ci, idx, NULL);
+    if (vname == NULL) vname = "?";
+    luaG_runerror(L, "variable '%s' got a non-closable value", vname);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prepare and call a closing method.
+** If status is CLOSEKTOP, the call to the closing method will be pushed
+** at the top of the stack. Otherwise, values can be pushed right after
+** the 'level' of the upvalue being closed, as everything after that
+** won't be used again.
+*/
+static void prepcallclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy) {
+  TValue *uv = s2v(level);  /* value being closed */
+  TValue *errobj;
+  if (status == CLOSEKTOP)
+    errobj = &G(L)->nilvalue;  /* error object is nil */
+  else {  /* 'luaD_seterrorobj' will set top to level + 2 */
+    errobj = s2v(level + 1);  /* error object goes after 'uv' */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, level + 1);  /* set error object */
+  }
+  callclosemethod(L, uv, errobj, yy);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum value for deltas in 'tbclist', dependent on the type
+** of delta. (This macro assumes that an 'L' is in scope where it
+** is used.)
+*/
+#define MAXDELTA  \
+	((256ul << ((sizeof(L->stack.p->tbclist.delta) - 1) * 8)) - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** Insert a variable in the list of to-be-closed variables.
+*/
+void luaF_newtbcupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  lua_assert(level > L->tbclist.p);
+  if (l_isfalse(s2v(level)))
+    return;  /* false doesn't need to be closed */
+  checkclosemth(L, level);  /* value must have a close method */
+  while (cast_uint(level - L->tbclist.p) > MAXDELTA) {
+    L->tbclist.p += MAXDELTA;  /* create a dummy node at maximum delta */
+    L->tbclist.p->tbclist.delta = 0;
+  }
+  level->tbclist.delta = cast(unsigned short, level - L->tbclist.p);
+  L->tbclist.p = level;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {
+  lua_assert(upisopen(uv));
+  *uv->u.open.previous = uv->u.open.next;
+  if (uv->u.open.next)
+    uv->u.open.next->u.open.previous = uv->u.open.previous;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Close all upvalues up to the given stack level.
+*/
+void luaF_closeupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  UpVal *uv;
+  StkId upl;  /* stack index pointed by 'uv' */
+  while ((uv = L->openupval) != NULL && (upl = uplevel(uv)) >= level) {
+    TValue *slot = &uv->u.value;  /* new position for value */
+    lua_assert(uplevel(uv) < L->top.p);
+    luaF_unlinkupval(uv);  /* remove upvalue from 'openupval' list */
+    setobj(L, slot, uv->v.p);  /* move value to upvalue slot */
+    uv->v.p = slot;  /* now current value lives here */
+    if (!iswhite(uv)) {  /* neither white nor dead? */
+      nw2black(uv);  /* closed upvalues cannot be gray */
+      luaC_barrier(L, uv, slot);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Remove first element from the tbclist plus its dummy nodes.
+*/
+static void poptbclist (lua_State *L) {
+  StkId tbc = L->tbclist.p;
+  lua_assert(tbc->tbclist.delta > 0);  /* first element cannot be dummy */
+  tbc -= tbc->tbclist.delta;
+  while (tbc > L->stack.p && tbc->tbclist.delta == 0)
+    tbc -= MAXDELTA;  /* remove dummy nodes */
+  L->tbclist.p = tbc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Close all upvalues and to-be-closed variables up to the given stack
+** level. Return restored 'level'.
+*/
+StkId luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy) {
+  ptrdiff_t levelrel = savestack(L, level);
+  luaF_closeupval(L, level);  /* first, close the upvalues */
+  while (L->tbclist.p >= level) {  /* traverse tbc's down to that level */
+    StkId tbc = L->tbclist.p;  /* get variable index */
+    poptbclist(L);  /* remove it from list */
+    prepcallclosemth(L, tbc, status, yy);  /* close variable */
+    level = restorestack(L, levelrel);
+  }
+  return level;
+}
+
+
+Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VPROTO, sizeof(Proto));
+  Proto *f = gco2p(o);
+  f->k = NULL;
+  f->sizek = 0;
+  f->p = NULL;
+  f->sizep = 0;
+  f->code = NULL;
+  f->sizecode = 0;
+  f->lineinfo = NULL;
+  f->sizelineinfo = 0;
+  f->abslineinfo = NULL;
+  f->sizeabslineinfo = 0;
+  f->upvalues = NULL;
+  f->sizeupvalues = 0;
+  f->numparams = 0;
+  f->is_vararg = 0;
+  f->maxstacksize = 0;
+  f->locvars = NULL;
+  f->sizelocvars = 0;
+  f->linedefined = 0;
+  f->lastlinedefined = 0;
+  f->source = NULL;
+  return f;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->abslineinfo, f->sizeabslineinfo);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues);
+  luaM_free(L, f);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Look for n-th local variable at line 'line' in function 'func'.
+** Returns NULL if not found.
+*/
+const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *f, int local_number, int pc) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i<f->sizelocvars && f->locvars[i].startpc <= pc; i++) {
+    if (pc < f->locvars[i].endpc) {  /* is variable active? */
+      local_number--;
+      if (local_number == 0)
+        return getstr(f->locvars[i].varname);
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* not found */
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lfunc.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lfunc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3be265efb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lfunc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.h $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lfunc_h
+#define lfunc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define sizeCclosure(n)	(cast_int(offsetof(CClosure, upvalue)) + \
+                         cast_int(sizeof(TValue)) * (n))
+
+#define sizeLclosure(n)	(cast_int(offsetof(LClosure, upvals)) + \
+                         cast_int(sizeof(TValue *)) * (n))
+
+
+/* test whether thread is in 'twups' list */
+#define isintwups(L)	(L->twups != L)
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of upvalues in a closure (both C and Lua). (Value
+** must fit in a VM register.)
+*/
+#define MAXUPVAL	255
+
+
+#define upisopen(up)	((up)->v.p != &(up)->u.value)
+
+
+#define uplevel(up)	check_exp(upisopen(up), cast(StkId, (up)->v.p))
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of misses before giving up the cache of closures
+** in prototypes
+*/
+#define MAXMISS		10
+
+
+
+/* special status to close upvalues preserving the top of the stack */
+#define CLOSEKTOP	(-1)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC CClosure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals);
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_initupvals (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_newtbcupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_closeupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC StkId luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_unlinkupval (UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number,
+                                         int pc);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lgc.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lgc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3094ff571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lgc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1739 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.c $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lgc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum number of elements to sweep in each single step.
+** (Large enough to dissipate fixed overheads but small enough
+** to allow small steps for the collector.)
+*/
+#define GCSWEEPMAX	100
+
+/*
+** Maximum number of finalizers to call in each single step.
+*/
+#define GCFINMAX	10
+
+
+/*
+** Cost of calling one finalizer.
+*/
+#define GCFINALIZECOST	50
+
+
+/*
+** The equivalent, in bytes, of one unit of "work" (visiting a slot,
+** sweeping an object, etc.)
+*/
+#define WORK2MEM	sizeof(TValue)
+
+
+/*
+** macro to adjust 'pause': 'pause' is actually used like
+** 'pause / PAUSEADJ' (value chosen by tests)
+*/
+#define PAUSEADJ		100
+
+
+/* mask with all color bits */
+#define maskcolors	(bitmask(BLACKBIT) | WHITEBITS)
+
+/* mask with all GC bits */
+#define maskgcbits      (maskcolors | AGEBITS)
+
+
+/* macro to erase all color bits then set only the current white bit */
+#define makewhite(g,x)	\
+  (x->marked = cast_byte((x->marked & ~maskcolors) | luaC_white(g)))
+
+/* make an object gray (neither white nor black) */
+#define set2gray(x)	resetbits(x->marked, maskcolors)
+
+
+/* make an object black (coming from any color) */
+#define set2black(x)  \
+  (x->marked = cast_byte((x->marked & ~WHITEBITS) | bitmask(BLACKBIT)))
+
+
+#define valiswhite(x)   (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))
+
+#define keyiswhite(n)   (keyiscollectable(n) && iswhite(gckey(n)))
+
+
+/*
+** Protected access to objects in values
+*/
+#define gcvalueN(o)     (iscollectable(o) ? gcvalue(o) : NULL)
+
+
+#define markvalue(g,o) { checkliveness(g->mainthread,o); \
+  if (valiswhite(o)) reallymarkobject(g,gcvalue(o)); }
+
+#define markkey(g, n)	{ if keyiswhite(n) reallymarkobject(g,gckey(n)); }
+
+#define markobject(g,t)	{ if (iswhite(t)) reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); }
+
+/*
+** mark an object that can be NULL (either because it is really optional,
+** or it was stripped as debug info, or inside an uncompleted structure)
+*/
+#define markobjectN(g,t)	{ if (t) markobject(g,t); }
+
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o);
+static lu_mem atomic (lua_State *L);
+static void entersweep (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** one after last element in a hash array
+*/
+#define gnodelast(h)	gnode(h, cast_sizet(sizenode(h)))
+
+
+static GCObject **getgclist (GCObject *o) {
+  switch (o->tt) {
+    case LUA_VTABLE: return &gco2t(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VLCL: return &gco2lcl(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VCCL: return &gco2ccl(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VTHREAD: return &gco2th(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VPROTO: return &gco2p(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: {
+      Udata *u = gco2u(o);
+      lua_assert(u->nuvalue > 0);
+      return &u->gclist;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Link a collectable object 'o' with a known type into the list 'p'.
+** (Must be a macro to access the 'gclist' field in different types.)
+*/
+#define linkgclist(o,p)	linkgclist_(obj2gco(o), &(o)->gclist, &(p))
+
+static void linkgclist_ (GCObject *o, GCObject **pnext, GCObject **list) {
+  lua_assert(!isgray(o));  /* cannot be in a gray list */
+  *pnext = *list;
+  *list = o;
+  set2gray(o);  /* now it is */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Link a generic collectable object 'o' into the list 'p'.
+*/
+#define linkobjgclist(o,p) linkgclist_(obj2gco(o), getgclist(o), &(p))
+
+
+
+/*
+** Clear keys for empty entries in tables. If entry is empty, mark its
+** entry as dead. This allows the collection of the key, but keeps its
+** entry in the table: its removal could break a chain and could break
+** a table traversal.  Other places never manipulate dead keys, because
+** its associated empty value is enough to signal that the entry is
+** logically empty.
+*/
+static void clearkey (Node *n) {
+  lua_assert(isempty(gval(n)));
+  if (keyiscollectable(n))
+    setdeadkey(n);  /* unused key; remove it */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** tells whether a key or value can be cleared from a weak
+** table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak
+** tables. Strings behave as 'values', so are never removed too. for
+** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for objects
+** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values
+*/
+static int iscleared (global_State *g, const GCObject *o) {
+  if (o == NULL) return 0;  /* non-collectable value */
+  else if (novariant(o->tt) == LUA_TSTRING) {
+    markobject(g, o);  /* strings are 'values', so are never weak */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  else return iswhite(o);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Barrier that moves collector forward, that is, marks the white object
+** 'v' being pointed by the black object 'o'.  In the generational
+** mode, 'v' must also become old, if 'o' is old; however, it cannot
+** be changed directly to OLD, because it may still point to non-old
+** objects. So, it is marked as OLD0. In the next cycle it will become
+** OLD1, and in the next it will finally become OLD (regular old). By
+** then, any object it points to will also be old.  If called in the
+** incremental sweep phase, it clears the black object to white (sweep
+** it) to avoid other barrier calls for this same object. (That cannot
+** be done is generational mode, as its sweep does not distinguish
+** whites from deads.)
+*/
+void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o));
+  if (keepinvariant(g)) {  /* must keep invariant? */
+    reallymarkobject(g, v);  /* restore invariant */
+    if (isold(o)) {
+      lua_assert(!isold(v));  /* white object could not be old */
+      setage(v, G_OLD0);  /* restore generational invariant */
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* sweep phase */
+    lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
+    if (g->gckind == KGC_INC)  /* incremental mode? */
+      makewhite(g, o);  /* mark 'o' as white to avoid other barriers */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** barrier that moves collector backward, that is, mark the black object
+** pointing to a white object as gray again.
+*/
+void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(isblack(o) && !isdead(g, o));
+  lua_assert((g->gckind == KGC_GEN) == (isold(o) && getage(o) != G_TOUCHED1));
+  if (getage(o) == G_TOUCHED2)  /* already in gray list? */
+    set2gray(o);  /* make it gray to become touched1 */
+  else  /* link it in 'grayagain' and paint it gray */
+    linkobjgclist(o, g->grayagain);
+  if (isold(o))  /* generational mode? */
+    setage(o, G_TOUCHED1);  /* touched in current cycle */
+}
+
+
+void luaC_fix (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(g->allgc == o);  /* object must be 1st in 'allgc' list! */
+  set2gray(o);  /* they will be gray forever */
+  setage(o, G_OLD);  /* and old forever */
+  g->allgc = o->next;  /* remove object from 'allgc' list */
+  o->next = g->fixedgc;  /* link it to 'fixedgc' list */
+  g->fixedgc = o;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a new collectable object (with given type, size, and offset)
+** and link it to 'allgc' list.
+*/
+GCObject *luaC_newobjdt (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz, size_t offset) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  char *p = cast_charp(luaM_newobject(L, novariant(tt), sz));
+  GCObject *o = cast(GCObject *, p + offset);
+  o->marked = luaC_white(g);
+  o->tt = tt;
+  o->next = g->allgc;
+  g->allgc = o;
+  return o;
+}
+
+
+GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz) {
+  return luaC_newobjdt(L, tt, sz, 0);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Mark functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Mark an object.  Userdata with no user values, strings, and closed
+** upvalues are visited and turned black here.  Open upvalues are
+** already indirectly linked through their respective threads in the
+** 'twups' list, so they don't go to the gray list; nevertheless, they
+** are kept gray to avoid barriers, as their values will be revisited
+** by the thread or by 'remarkupvals'.  Other objects are added to the
+** gray list to be visited (and turned black) later.  Both userdata and
+** upvalues can call this function recursively, but this recursion goes
+** for at most two levels: An upvalue cannot refer to another upvalue
+** (only closures can), and a userdata's metatable must be a table.
+*/
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+  switch (o->tt) {
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+      set2black(o);  /* nothing to visit */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VUPVAL: {
+      UpVal *uv = gco2upv(o);
+      if (upisopen(uv))
+        set2gray(uv);  /* open upvalues are kept gray */
+      else
+        set2black(uv);  /* closed upvalues are visited here */
+      markvalue(g, uv->v.p);  /* mark its content */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: {
+      Udata *u = gco2u(o);
+      if (u->nuvalue == 0) {  /* no user values? */
+        markobjectN(g, u->metatable);  /* mark its metatable */
+        set2black(u);  /* nothing else to mark */
+        break;
+      }
+      /* else... */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case LUA_VLCL: case LUA_VCCL: case LUA_VTABLE:
+    case LUA_VTHREAD: case LUA_VPROTO: {
+      linkobjgclist(o, g->gray);  /* to be visited later */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0); break;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark metamethods for basic types
+*/
+static void markmt (global_State *g) {
+  int i;
+  for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++)
+    markobjectN(g, g->mt[i]);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark all objects in list of being-finalized
+*/
+static lu_mem markbeingfnz (global_State *g) {
+  GCObject *o;
+  lu_mem count = 0;
+  for (o = g->tobefnz; o != NULL; o = o->next) {
+    count++;
+    markobject(g, o);
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** For each non-marked thread, simulates a barrier between each open
+** upvalue and its value. (If the thread is collected, the value will be
+** assigned to the upvalue, but then it can be too late for the barrier
+** to act. The "barrier" does not need to check colors: A non-marked
+** thread must be young; upvalues cannot be older than their threads; so
+** any visited upvalue must be young too.) Also removes the thread from
+** the list, as it was already visited. Removes also threads with no
+** upvalues, as they have nothing to be checked. (If the thread gets an
+** upvalue later, it will be linked in the list again.)
+*/
+static int remarkupvals (global_State *g) {
+  lua_State *thread;
+  lua_State **p = &g->twups;
+  int work = 0;  /* estimate of how much work was done here */
+  while ((thread = *p) != NULL) {
+    work++;
+    if (!iswhite(thread) && thread->openupval != NULL)
+      p = &thread->twups;  /* keep marked thread with upvalues in the list */
+    else {  /* thread is not marked or without upvalues */
+      UpVal *uv;
+      lua_assert(!isold(thread) || thread->openupval == NULL);
+      *p = thread->twups;  /* remove thread from the list */
+      thread->twups = thread;  /* mark that it is out of list */
+      for (uv = thread->openupval; uv != NULL; uv = uv->u.open.next) {
+        lua_assert(getage(uv) <= getage(thread));
+        work++;
+        if (!iswhite(uv)) {  /* upvalue already visited? */
+          lua_assert(upisopen(uv) && isgray(uv));
+          markvalue(g, uv->v.p);  /* mark its value */
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return work;
+}
+
+
+static void cleargraylists (global_State *g) {
+  g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
+  g->weak = g->allweak = g->ephemeron = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark root set and reset all gray lists, to start a new collection
+*/
+static void restartcollection (global_State *g) {
+  cleargraylists(g);
+  markobject(g, g->mainthread);
+  markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
+  markmt(g);
+  markbeingfnz(g);  /* mark any finalizing object left from previous cycle */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Traverse functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether object 'o' should be kept in the 'grayagain' list for
+** post-processing by 'correctgraylist'. (It could put all old objects
+** in the list and leave all the work to 'correctgraylist', but it is
+** more efficient to avoid adding elements that will be removed.) Only
+** TOUCHED1 objects need to be in the list. TOUCHED2 doesn't need to go
+** back to a gray list, but then it must become OLD. (That is what
+** 'correctgraylist' does when it finds a TOUCHED2 object.)
+*/
+static void genlink (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+  lua_assert(isblack(o));
+  if (getage(o) == G_TOUCHED1) {  /* touched in this cycle? */
+    linkobjgclist(o, g->grayagain);  /* link it back in 'grayagain' */
+  }  /* everything else do not need to be linked back */
+  else if (getage(o) == G_TOUCHED2)
+    changeage(o, G_TOUCHED2, G_OLD);  /* advance age */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a table with weak values and link it to proper list. During
+** propagate phase, keep it in 'grayagain' list, to be revisited in the
+** atomic phase. In the atomic phase, if table has any white value,
+** put it in 'weak' list, to be cleared.
+*/
+static void traverseweakvalue (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+  Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+  /* if there is array part, assume it may have white values (it is not
+     worth traversing it now just to check) */
+  int hasclears = (h->alimit > 0);
+  for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {  /* traverse hash part */
+    if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
+      clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    else {
+      lua_assert(!keyisnil(n));
+      markkey(g, n);
+      if (!hasclears && iscleared(g, gcvalueN(gval(n))))  /* a white value? */
+        hasclears = 1;  /* table will have to be cleared */
+    }
+  }
+  if (g->gcstate == GCSatomic && hasclears)
+    linkgclist(h, g->weak);  /* has to be cleared later */
+  else
+    linkgclist(h, g->grayagain);  /* must retraverse it in atomic phase */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse an ephemeron table and link it to proper list. Returns true
+** iff any object was marked during this traversal (which implies that
+** convergence has to continue). During propagation phase, keep table
+** in 'grayagain' list, to be visited again in the atomic phase. In
+** the atomic phase, if table has any white->white entry, it has to
+** be revisited during ephemeron convergence (as that key may turn
+** black). Otherwise, if it has any white key, table has to be cleared
+** (in the atomic phase). In generational mode, some tables
+** must be kept in some gray list for post-processing; this is done
+** by 'genlink'.
+*/
+static int traverseephemeron (global_State *g, Table *h, int inv) {
+  int marked = 0;  /* true if an object is marked in this traversal */
+  int hasclears = 0;  /* true if table has white keys */
+  int hasww = 0;  /* true if table has entry "white-key -> white-value" */
+  unsigned int i;
+  unsigned int asize = luaH_realasize(h);
+  unsigned int nsize = sizenode(h);
+  /* traverse array part */
+  for (i = 0; i < asize; i++) {
+    if (valiswhite(&h->array[i])) {
+      marked = 1;
+      reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(&h->array[i]));
+    }
+  }
+  /* traverse hash part; if 'inv', traverse descending
+     (see 'convergeephemerons') */
+  for (i = 0; i < nsize; i++) {
+    Node *n = inv ? gnode(h, nsize - 1 - i) : gnode(h, i);
+    if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
+      clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    else if (iscleared(g, gckeyN(n))) {  /* key is not marked (yet)? */
+      hasclears = 1;  /* table must be cleared */
+      if (valiswhite(gval(n)))  /* value not marked yet? */
+        hasww = 1;  /* white-white entry */
+    }
+    else if (valiswhite(gval(n))) {  /* value not marked yet? */
+      marked = 1;
+      reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(gval(n)));  /* mark it now */
+    }
+  }
+  /* link table into proper list */
+  if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
+    linkgclist(h, g->grayagain);  /* must retraverse it in atomic phase */
+  else if (hasww)  /* table has white->white entries? */
+    linkgclist(h, g->ephemeron);  /* have to propagate again */
+  else if (hasclears)  /* table has white keys? */
+    linkgclist(h, g->allweak);  /* may have to clean white keys */
+  else
+    genlink(g, obj2gco(h));  /* check whether collector still needs to see it */
+  return marked;
+}
+
+
+static void traversestrongtable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+  Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+  unsigned int i;
+  unsigned int asize = luaH_realasize(h);
+  for (i = 0; i < asize; i++)  /* traverse array part */
+    markvalue(g, &h->array[i]);
+  for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {  /* traverse hash part */
+    if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
+      clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    else {
+      lua_assert(!keyisnil(n));
+      markkey(g, n);
+      markvalue(g, gval(n));
+    }
+  }
+  genlink(g, obj2gco(h));
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem traversetable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+  const char *weakkey, *weakvalue;
+  const TValue *mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE);
+  markobjectN(g, h->metatable);
+  if (mode && ttisstring(mode) &&  /* is there a weak mode? */
+      (cast_void(weakkey = strchr(svalue(mode), 'k')),
+       cast_void(weakvalue = strchr(svalue(mode), 'v')),
+       (weakkey || weakvalue))) {  /* is really weak? */
+    if (!weakkey)  /* strong keys? */
+      traverseweakvalue(g, h);
+    else if (!weakvalue)  /* strong values? */
+      traverseephemeron(g, h, 0);
+    else  /* all weak */
+      linkgclist(h, g->allweak);  /* nothing to traverse now */
+  }
+  else  /* not weak */
+    traversestrongtable(g, h);
+  return 1 + h->alimit + 2 * allocsizenode(h);
+}
+
+
+static int traverseudata (global_State *g, Udata *u) {
+  int i;
+  markobjectN(g, u->metatable);  /* mark its metatable */
+  for (i = 0; i < u->nuvalue; i++)
+    markvalue(g, &u->uv[i].uv);
+  genlink(g, obj2gco(u));
+  return 1 + u->nuvalue;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a prototype. (While a prototype is being build, its
+** arrays can be larger than needed; the extra slots are filled with
+** NULL, so the use of 'markobjectN')
+*/
+static int traverseproto (global_State *g, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  markobjectN(g, f->source);
+  for (i = 0; i < f->sizek; i++)  /* mark literals */
+    markvalue(g, &f->k[i]);
+  for (i = 0; i < f->sizeupvalues; i++)  /* mark upvalue names */
+    markobjectN(g, f->upvalues[i].name);
+  for (i = 0; i < f->sizep; i++)  /* mark nested protos */
+    markobjectN(g, f->p[i]);
+  for (i = 0; i < f->sizelocvars; i++)  /* mark local-variable names */
+    markobjectN(g, f->locvars[i].varname);
+  return 1 + f->sizek + f->sizeupvalues + f->sizep + f->sizelocvars;
+}
+
+
+static int traverseCclosure (global_State *g, CClosure *cl) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++)  /* mark its upvalues */
+    markvalue(g, &cl->upvalue[i]);
+  return 1 + cl->nupvalues;
+}
+
+/*
+** Traverse a Lua closure, marking its prototype and its upvalues.
+** (Both can be NULL while closure is being created.)
+*/
+static int traverseLclosure (global_State *g, LClosure *cl) {
+  int i;
+  markobjectN(g, cl->p);  /* mark its prototype */
+  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) {  /* visit its upvalues */
+    UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[i];
+    markobjectN(g, uv);  /* mark upvalue */
+  }
+  return 1 + cl->nupvalues;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a thread, marking the elements in the stack up to its top
+** and cleaning the rest of the stack in the final traversal. That
+** ensures that the entire stack have valid (non-dead) objects.
+** Threads have no barriers. In gen. mode, old threads must be visited
+** at every cycle, because they might point to young objects.  In inc.
+** mode, the thread can still be modified before the end of the cycle,
+** and therefore it must be visited again in the atomic phase. To ensure
+** these visits, threads must return to a gray list if they are not new
+** (which can only happen in generational mode) or if the traverse is in
+** the propagate phase (which can only happen in incremental mode).
+*/
+static int traversethread (global_State *g, lua_State *th) {
+  UpVal *uv;
+  StkId o = th->stack.p;
+  if (isold(th) || g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
+    linkgclist(th, g->grayagain);  /* insert into 'grayagain' list */
+  if (o == NULL)
+    return 1;  /* stack not completely built yet */
+  lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSatomic ||
+             th->openupval == NULL || isintwups(th));
+  for (; o < th->top.p; o++)  /* mark live elements in the stack */
+    markvalue(g, s2v(o));
+  for (uv = th->openupval; uv != NULL; uv = uv->u.open.next)
+    markobject(g, uv);  /* open upvalues cannot be collected */
+  if (g->gcstate == GCSatomic) {  /* final traversal? */
+    for (; o < th->stack_last.p + EXTRA_STACK; o++)
+      setnilvalue(s2v(o));  /* clear dead stack slice */
+    /* 'remarkupvals' may have removed thread from 'twups' list */
+    if (!isintwups(th) && th->openupval != NULL) {
+      th->twups = g->twups;  /* link it back to the list */
+      g->twups = th;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (!g->gcemergency)
+    luaD_shrinkstack(th); /* do not change stack in emergency cycle */
+  return 1 + stacksize(th);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** traverse one gray object, turning it to black.
+*/
+static lu_mem propagatemark (global_State *g) {
+  GCObject *o = g->gray;
+  nw2black(o);
+  g->gray = *getgclist(o);  /* remove from 'gray' list */
+  switch (o->tt) {
+    case LUA_VTABLE: return traversetable(g, gco2t(o));
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: return traverseudata(g, gco2u(o));
+    case LUA_VLCL: return traverseLclosure(g, gco2lcl(o));
+    case LUA_VCCL: return traverseCclosure(g, gco2ccl(o));
+    case LUA_VPROTO: return traverseproto(g, gco2p(o));
+    case LUA_VTHREAD: return traversethread(g, gco2th(o));
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem propagateall (global_State *g) {
+  lu_mem tot = 0;
+  while (g->gray)
+    tot += propagatemark(g);
+  return tot;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse all ephemeron tables propagating marks from keys to values.
+** Repeat until it converges, that is, nothing new is marked. 'dir'
+** inverts the direction of the traversals, trying to speed up
+** convergence on chains in the same table.
+**
+*/
+static void convergeephemerons (global_State *g) {
+  int changed;
+  int dir = 0;
+  do {
+    GCObject *w;
+    GCObject *next = g->ephemeron;  /* get ephemeron list */
+    g->ephemeron = NULL;  /* tables may return to this list when traversed */
+    changed = 0;
+    while ((w = next) != NULL) {  /* for each ephemeron table */
+      Table *h = gco2t(w);
+      next = h->gclist;  /* list is rebuilt during loop */
+      nw2black(h);  /* out of the list (for now) */
+      if (traverseephemeron(g, h, dir)) {  /* marked some value? */
+        propagateall(g);  /* propagate changes */
+        changed = 1;  /* will have to revisit all ephemeron tables */
+      }
+    }
+    dir = !dir;  /* invert direction next time */
+  } while (changed);  /* repeat until no more changes */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Sweep Functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** clear entries with unmarked keys from all weaktables in list 'l'
+*/
+static void clearbykeys (global_State *g, GCObject *l) {
+  for (; l; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
+    Table *h = gco2t(l);
+    Node *limit = gnodelast(h);
+    Node *n;
+    for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+      if (iscleared(g, gckeyN(n)))  /* unmarked key? */
+        setempty(gval(n));  /* remove entry */
+      if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* is entry empty? */
+        clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** clear entries with unmarked values from all weaktables in list 'l' up
+** to element 'f'
+*/
+static void clearbyvalues (global_State *g, GCObject *l, GCObject *f) {
+  for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
+    Table *h = gco2t(l);
+    Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int asize = luaH_realasize(h);
+    for (i = 0; i < asize; i++) {
+      TValue *o = &h->array[i];
+      if (iscleared(g, gcvalueN(o)))  /* value was collected? */
+        setempty(o);  /* remove entry */
+    }
+    for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+      if (iscleared(g, gcvalueN(gval(n))))  /* unmarked value? */
+        setempty(gval(n));  /* remove entry */
+      if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* is entry empty? */
+        clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
+  if (upisopen(uv))
+    luaF_unlinkupval(uv);
+  luaM_free(L, uv);
+}
+
+
+static void freeobj (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+  switch (o->tt) {
+    case LUA_VPROTO:
+      luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o));
+      break;
+    case LUA_VUPVAL:
+      freeupval(L, gco2upv(o));
+      break;
+    case LUA_VLCL: {
+      LClosure *cl = gco2lcl(o);
+      luaM_freemem(L, cl, sizeLclosure(cl->nupvalues));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VCCL: {
+      CClosure *cl = gco2ccl(o);
+      luaM_freemem(L, cl, sizeCclosure(cl->nupvalues));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VTABLE:
+      luaH_free(L, gco2t(o));
+      break;
+    case LUA_VTHREAD:
+      luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o));
+      break;
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: {
+      Udata *u = gco2u(o);
+      luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(u->nuvalue, u->len));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: {
+      TString *ts = gco2ts(o);
+      luaS_remove(L, ts);  /* remove it from hash table */
+      luaM_freemem(L, ts, sizelstring(ts->shrlen));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+      TString *ts = gco2ts(o);
+      luaM_freemem(L, ts, sizelstring(ts->u.lnglen));
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** sweep at most 'countin' elements from a list of GCObjects erasing dead
+** objects, where a dead object is one marked with the old (non current)
+** white; change all non-dead objects back to white, preparing for next
+** collection cycle. Return where to continue the traversal or NULL if
+** list is finished. ('*countout' gets the number of elements traversed.)
+*/
+static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, int countin,
+                             int *countout) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  int ow = otherwhite(g);
+  int i;
+  int white = luaC_white(g);  /* current white */
+  for (i = 0; *p != NULL && i < countin; i++) {
+    GCObject *curr = *p;
+    int marked = curr->marked;
+    if (isdeadm(ow, marked)) {  /* is 'curr' dead? */
+      *p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from list */
+      freeobj(L, curr);  /* erase 'curr' */
+    }
+    else {  /* change mark to 'white' */
+      curr->marked = cast_byte((marked & ~maskgcbits) | white);
+      p = &curr->next;  /* go to next element */
+    }
+  }
+  if (countout)
+    *countout = i;  /* number of elements traversed */
+  return (*p == NULL) ? NULL : p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** sweep a list until a live object (or end of list)
+*/
+static GCObject **sweeptolive (lua_State *L, GCObject **p) {
+  GCObject **old = p;
+  do {
+    p = sweeplist(L, p, 1, NULL);
+  } while (p == old);
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Finalization
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** If possible, shrink string table.
+*/
+static void checkSizes (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  if (!g->gcemergency) {
+    if (g->strt.nuse < g->strt.size / 4) {  /* string table too big? */
+      l_mem olddebt = g->GCdebt;
+      luaS_resize(L, g->strt.size / 2);
+      g->GCestimate += g->GCdebt - olddebt;  /* correct estimate */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the next udata to be finalized from the 'tobefnz' list, and
+** link it back into the 'allgc' list.
+*/
+static GCObject *udata2finalize (global_State *g) {
+  GCObject *o = g->tobefnz;  /* get first element */
+  lua_assert(tofinalize(o));
+  g->tobefnz = o->next;  /* remove it from 'tobefnz' list */
+  o->next = g->allgc;  /* return it to 'allgc' list */
+  g->allgc = o;
+  resetbit(o->marked, FINALIZEDBIT);  /* object is "normal" again */
+  if (issweepphase(g))
+    makewhite(g, o);  /* "sweep" object */
+  else if (getage(o) == G_OLD1)
+    g->firstold1 = o;  /* it is the first OLD1 object in the list */
+  return o;
+}
+
+
+static void dothecall (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  UNUSED(ud);
+  luaD_callnoyield(L, L->top.p - 2, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void GCTM (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  const TValue *tm;
+  TValue v;
+  lua_assert(!g->gcemergency);
+  setgcovalue(L, &v, udata2finalize(g));
+  tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, &v, TM_GC);
+  if (!notm(tm)) {  /* is there a finalizer? */
+    int status;
+    lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
+    int oldgcstp  = g->gcstp;
+    g->gcstp |= GCSTPGC;  /* avoid GC steps */
+    L->allowhook = 0;  /* stop debug hooks during GC metamethod */
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p++, tm);  /* push finalizer... */
+    setobj2s(L, L->top.p++, &v);  /* ... and its argument */
+    L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_FIN;  /* will run a finalizer */
+    status = luaD_pcall(L, dothecall, NULL, savestack(L, L->top.p - 2), 0);
+    L->ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_FIN;  /* not running a finalizer anymore */
+    L->allowhook = oldah;  /* restore hooks */
+    g->gcstp = oldgcstp;  /* restore state */
+    if (l_unlikely(status != LUA_OK)) {  /* error while running __gc? */
+      luaE_warnerror(L, "__gc");
+      L->top.p--;  /* pops error object */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call a few finalizers
+*/
+static int runafewfinalizers (lua_State *L, int n) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < n && g->tobefnz; i++)
+    GCTM(L);  /* call one finalizer */
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** call all pending finalizers
+*/
+static void callallpendingfinalizers (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  while (g->tobefnz)
+    GCTM(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** find last 'next' field in list 'p' list (to add elements in its end)
+*/
+static GCObject **findlast (GCObject **p) {
+  while (*p != NULL)
+    p = &(*p)->next;
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Move all unreachable objects (or 'all' objects) that need
+** finalization from list 'finobj' to list 'tobefnz' (to be finalized).
+** (Note that objects after 'finobjold1' cannot be white, so they
+** don't need to be traversed. In incremental mode, 'finobjold1' is NULL,
+** so the whole list is traversed.)
+*/
+static void separatetobefnz (global_State *g, int all) {
+  GCObject *curr;
+  GCObject **p = &g->finobj;
+  GCObject **lastnext = findlast(&g->tobefnz);
+  while ((curr = *p) != g->finobjold1) {  /* traverse all finalizable objects */
+    lua_assert(tofinalize(curr));
+    if (!(iswhite(curr) || all))  /* not being collected? */
+      p = &curr->next;  /* don't bother with it */
+    else {
+      if (curr == g->finobjsur)  /* removing 'finobjsur'? */
+        g->finobjsur = curr->next;  /* correct it */
+      *p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from 'finobj' list */
+      curr->next = *lastnext;  /* link at the end of 'tobefnz' list */
+      *lastnext = curr;
+      lastnext = &curr->next;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If pointer 'p' points to 'o', move it to the next element.
+*/
+static void checkpointer (GCObject **p, GCObject *o) {
+  if (o == *p)
+    *p = o->next;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Correct pointers to objects inside 'allgc' list when
+** object 'o' is being removed from the list.
+*/
+static void correctpointers (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+  checkpointer(&g->survival, o);
+  checkpointer(&g->old1, o);
+  checkpointer(&g->reallyold, o);
+  checkpointer(&g->firstold1, o);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** if object 'o' has a finalizer, remove it from 'allgc' list (must
+** search the list to find it) and link it in 'finobj' list.
+*/
+void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (tofinalize(o) ||                 /* obj. is already marked... */
+      gfasttm(g, mt, TM_GC) == NULL ||    /* or has no finalizer... */
+      (g->gcstp & GCSTPCLS))                   /* or closing state? */
+    return;  /* nothing to be done */
+  else {  /* move 'o' to 'finobj' list */
+    GCObject **p;
+    if (issweepphase(g)) {
+      makewhite(g, o);  /* "sweep" object 'o' */
+      if (g->sweepgc == &o->next)  /* should not remove 'sweepgc' object */
+        g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, g->sweepgc);  /* change 'sweepgc' */
+    }
+    else
+      correctpointers(g, o);
+    /* search for pointer pointing to 'o' */
+    for (p = &g->allgc; *p != o; p = &(*p)->next) { /* empty */ }
+    *p = o->next;  /* remove 'o' from 'allgc' list */
+    o->next = g->finobj;  /* link it in 'finobj' list */
+    g->finobj = o;
+    l_setbit(o->marked, FINALIZEDBIT);  /* mark it as such */
+  }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generational Collector
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Set the "time" to wait before starting a new GC cycle; cycle will
+** start when memory use hits the threshold of ('estimate' * pause /
+** PAUSEADJ). (Division by 'estimate' should be OK: it cannot be zero,
+** because Lua cannot even start with less than PAUSEADJ bytes).
+*/
+static void setpause (global_State *g) {
+  l_mem threshold, debt;
+  int pause = getgcparam(g->gcpause);
+  l_mem estimate = g->GCestimate / PAUSEADJ;  /* adjust 'estimate' */
+  lua_assert(estimate > 0);
+  threshold = (pause < MAX_LMEM / estimate)  /* overflow? */
+            ? estimate * pause  /* no overflow */
+            : MAX_LMEM;  /* overflow; truncate to maximum */
+  debt = gettotalbytes(g) - threshold;
+  if (debt > 0) debt = 0;
+  luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Sweep a list of objects to enter generational mode.  Deletes dead
+** objects and turns the non dead to old. All non-dead threads---which
+** are now old---must be in a gray list. Everything else is not in a
+** gray list. Open upvalues are also kept gray.
+*/
+static void sweep2old (lua_State *L, GCObject **p) {
+  GCObject *curr;
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  while ((curr = *p) != NULL) {
+    if (iswhite(curr)) {  /* is 'curr' dead? */
+      lua_assert(isdead(g, curr));
+      *p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from list */
+      freeobj(L, curr);  /* erase 'curr' */
+    }
+    else {  /* all surviving objects become old */
+      setage(curr, G_OLD);
+      if (curr->tt == LUA_VTHREAD) {  /* threads must be watched */
+        lua_State *th = gco2th(curr);
+        linkgclist(th, g->grayagain);  /* insert into 'grayagain' list */
+      }
+      else if (curr->tt == LUA_VUPVAL && upisopen(gco2upv(curr)))
+        set2gray(curr);  /* open upvalues are always gray */
+      else  /* everything else is black */
+        nw2black(curr);
+      p = &curr->next;  /* go to next element */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Sweep for generational mode. Delete dead objects. (Because the
+** collection is not incremental, there are no "new white" objects
+** during the sweep. So, any white object must be dead.) For
+** non-dead objects, advance their ages and clear the color of
+** new objects. (Old objects keep their colors.)
+** The ages of G_TOUCHED1 and G_TOUCHED2 objects cannot be advanced
+** here, because these old-generation objects are usually not swept
+** here.  They will all be advanced in 'correctgraylist'. That function
+** will also remove objects turned white here from any gray list.
+*/
+static GCObject **sweepgen (lua_State *L, global_State *g, GCObject **p,
+                            GCObject *limit, GCObject **pfirstold1) {
+  static const lu_byte nextage[] = {
+    G_SURVIVAL,  /* from G_NEW */
+    G_OLD1,      /* from G_SURVIVAL */
+    G_OLD1,      /* from G_OLD0 */
+    G_OLD,       /* from G_OLD1 */
+    G_OLD,       /* from G_OLD (do not change) */
+    G_TOUCHED1,  /* from G_TOUCHED1 (do not change) */
+    G_TOUCHED2   /* from G_TOUCHED2 (do not change) */
+  };
+  int white = luaC_white(g);
+  GCObject *curr;
+  while ((curr = *p) != limit) {
+    if (iswhite(curr)) {  /* is 'curr' dead? */
+      lua_assert(!isold(curr) && isdead(g, curr));
+      *p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from list */
+      freeobj(L, curr);  /* erase 'curr' */
+    }
+    else {  /* correct mark and age */
+      if (getage(curr) == G_NEW) {  /* new objects go back to white */
+        int marked = curr->marked & ~maskgcbits;  /* erase GC bits */
+        curr->marked = cast_byte(marked | G_SURVIVAL | white);
+      }
+      else {  /* all other objects will be old, and so keep their color */
+        setage(curr, nextage[getage(curr)]);
+        if (getage(curr) == G_OLD1 && *pfirstold1 == NULL)
+          *pfirstold1 = curr;  /* first OLD1 object in the list */
+      }
+      p = &curr->next;  /* go to next element */
+    }
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a list making all its elements white and clearing their
+** age. In incremental mode, all objects are 'new' all the time,
+** except for fixed strings (which are always old).
+*/
+static void whitelist (global_State *g, GCObject *p) {
+  int white = luaC_white(g);
+  for (; p != NULL; p = p->next)
+    p->marked = cast_byte((p->marked & ~maskgcbits) | white);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Correct a list of gray objects. Return pointer to where rest of the
+** list should be linked.
+** Because this correction is done after sweeping, young objects might
+** be turned white and still be in the list. They are only removed.
+** 'TOUCHED1' objects are advanced to 'TOUCHED2' and remain on the list;
+** Non-white threads also remain on the list; 'TOUCHED2' objects become
+** regular old; they and anything else are removed from the list.
+*/
+static GCObject **correctgraylist (GCObject **p) {
+  GCObject *curr;
+  while ((curr = *p) != NULL) {
+    GCObject **next = getgclist(curr);
+    if (iswhite(curr))
+      goto remove;  /* remove all white objects */
+    else if (getage(curr) == G_TOUCHED1) {  /* touched in this cycle? */
+      lua_assert(isgray(curr));
+      nw2black(curr);  /* make it black, for next barrier */
+      changeage(curr, G_TOUCHED1, G_TOUCHED2);
+      goto remain;  /* keep it in the list and go to next element */
+    }
+    else if (curr->tt == LUA_VTHREAD) {
+      lua_assert(isgray(curr));
+      goto remain;  /* keep non-white threads on the list */
+    }
+    else {  /* everything else is removed */
+      lua_assert(isold(curr));  /* young objects should be white here */
+      if (getage(curr) == G_TOUCHED2)  /* advance from TOUCHED2... */
+        changeage(curr, G_TOUCHED2, G_OLD);  /* ... to OLD */
+      nw2black(curr);  /* make object black (to be removed) */
+      goto remove;
+    }
+    remove: *p = *next; continue;
+    remain: p = next; continue;
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Correct all gray lists, coalescing them into 'grayagain'.
+*/
+static void correctgraylists (global_State *g) {
+  GCObject **list = correctgraylist(&g->grayagain);
+  *list = g->weak; g->weak = NULL;
+  list = correctgraylist(list);
+  *list = g->allweak; g->allweak = NULL;
+  list = correctgraylist(list);
+  *list = g->ephemeron; g->ephemeron = NULL;
+  correctgraylist(list);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Mark black 'OLD1' objects when starting a new young collection.
+** Gray objects are already in some gray list, and so will be visited
+** in the atomic step.
+*/
+static void markold (global_State *g, GCObject *from, GCObject *to) {
+  GCObject *p;
+  for (p = from; p != to; p = p->next) {
+    if (getage(p) == G_OLD1) {
+      lua_assert(!iswhite(p));
+      changeage(p, G_OLD1, G_OLD);  /* now they are old */
+      if (isblack(p))
+        reallymarkobject(g, p);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a young-generation collection.
+*/
+static void finishgencycle (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  correctgraylists(g);
+  checkSizes(L, g);
+  g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;  /* skip restart */
+  if (!g->gcemergency)
+    callallpendingfinalizers(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does a young collection. First, mark 'OLD1' objects. Then does the
+** atomic step. Then, sweep all lists and advance pointers. Finally,
+** finish the collection.
+*/
+static void youngcollection (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  GCObject **psurvival;  /* to point to first non-dead survival object */
+  GCObject *dummy;  /* dummy out parameter to 'sweepgen' */
+  lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSpropagate);
+  if (g->firstold1) {  /* are there regular OLD1 objects? */
+    markold(g, g->firstold1, g->reallyold);  /* mark them */
+    g->firstold1 = NULL;  /* no more OLD1 objects (for now) */
+  }
+  markold(g, g->finobj, g->finobjrold);
+  markold(g, g->tobefnz, NULL);
+  atomic(L);
+
+  /* sweep nursery and get a pointer to its last live element */
+  g->gcstate = GCSswpallgc;
+  psurvival = sweepgen(L, g, &g->allgc, g->survival, &g->firstold1);
+  /* sweep 'survival' */
+  sweepgen(L, g, psurvival, g->old1, &g->firstold1);
+  g->reallyold = g->old1;
+  g->old1 = *psurvival;  /* 'survival' survivals are old now */
+  g->survival = g->allgc;  /* all news are survivals */
+
+  /* repeat for 'finobj' lists */
+  dummy = NULL;  /* no 'firstold1' optimization for 'finobj' lists */
+  psurvival = sweepgen(L, g, &g->finobj, g->finobjsur, &dummy);
+  /* sweep 'survival' */
+  sweepgen(L, g, psurvival, g->finobjold1, &dummy);
+  g->finobjrold = g->finobjold1;
+  g->finobjold1 = *psurvival;  /* 'survival' survivals are old now */
+  g->finobjsur = g->finobj;  /* all news are survivals */
+
+  sweepgen(L, g, &g->tobefnz, NULL, &dummy);
+  finishgencycle(L, g);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Clears all gray lists, sweeps objects, and prepare sublists to enter
+** generational mode. The sweeps remove dead objects and turn all
+** surviving objects to old. Threads go back to 'grayagain'; everything
+** else is turned black (not in any gray list).
+*/
+static void atomic2gen (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  cleargraylists(g);
+  /* sweep all elements making them old */
+  g->gcstate = GCSswpallgc;
+  sweep2old(L, &g->allgc);
+  /* everything alive now is old */
+  g->reallyold = g->old1 = g->survival = g->allgc;
+  g->firstold1 = NULL;  /* there are no OLD1 objects anywhere */
+
+  /* repeat for 'finobj' lists */
+  sweep2old(L, &g->finobj);
+  g->finobjrold = g->finobjold1 = g->finobjsur = g->finobj;
+
+  sweep2old(L, &g->tobefnz);
+
+  g->gckind = KGC_GEN;
+  g->lastatomic = 0;
+  g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g);  /* base for memory control */
+  finishgencycle(L, g);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set debt for the next minor collection, which will happen when
+** memory grows 'genminormul'%.
+*/
+static void setminordebt (global_State *g) {
+  luaE_setdebt(g, -(cast(l_mem, (gettotalbytes(g) / 100)) * g->genminormul));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Enter generational mode. Must go until the end of an atomic cycle
+** to ensure that all objects are correctly marked and weak tables
+** are cleared. Then, turn all objects into old and finishes the
+** collection.
+*/
+static lu_mem entergen (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  lu_mem numobjs;
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));  /* prepare to start a new cycle */
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpropagate));  /* start new cycle */
+  numobjs = atomic(L);  /* propagates all and then do the atomic stuff */
+  atomic2gen(L, g);
+  setminordebt(g);  /* set debt assuming next cycle will be minor */
+  return numobjs;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Enter incremental mode. Turn all objects white, make all
+** intermediate lists point to NULL (to avoid invalid pointers),
+** and go to the pause state.
+*/
+static void enterinc (global_State *g) {
+  whitelist(g, g->allgc);
+  g->reallyold = g->old1 = g->survival = NULL;
+  whitelist(g, g->finobj);
+  whitelist(g, g->tobefnz);
+  g->finobjrold = g->finobjold1 = g->finobjsur = NULL;
+  g->gcstate = GCSpause;
+  g->gckind = KGC_INC;
+  g->lastatomic = 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Change collector mode to 'newmode'.
+*/
+void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int newmode) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (newmode != g->gckind) {
+    if (newmode == KGC_GEN)  /* entering generational mode? */
+      entergen(L, g);
+    else
+      enterinc(g);  /* entering incremental mode */
+  }
+  g->lastatomic = 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does a full collection in generational mode.
+*/
+static lu_mem fullgen (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  enterinc(g);
+  return entergen(L, g);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does a major collection after last collection was a "bad collection".
+**
+** When the program is building a big structure, it allocates lots of
+** memory but generates very little garbage. In those scenarios,
+** the generational mode just wastes time doing small collections, and
+** major collections are frequently what we call a "bad collection", a
+** collection that frees too few objects. To avoid the cost of switching
+** between generational mode and the incremental mode needed for full
+** (major) collections, the collector tries to stay in incremental mode
+** after a bad collection, and to switch back to generational mode only
+** after a "good" collection (one that traverses less than 9/8 objects
+** of the previous one).
+** The collector must choose whether to stay in incremental mode or to
+** switch back to generational mode before sweeping. At this point, it
+** does not know the real memory in use, so it cannot use memory to
+** decide whether to return to generational mode. Instead, it uses the
+** number of objects traversed (returned by 'atomic') as a proxy. The
+** field 'g->lastatomic' keeps this count from the last collection.
+** ('g->lastatomic != 0' also means that the last collection was bad.)
+*/
+static void stepgenfull (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  lu_mem newatomic;  /* count of traversed objects */
+  lu_mem lastatomic = g->lastatomic;  /* count from last collection */
+  if (g->gckind == KGC_GEN)  /* still in generational mode? */
+    enterinc(g);  /* enter incremental mode */
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpropagate));  /* start new cycle */
+  newatomic = atomic(L);  /* mark everybody */
+  if (newatomic < lastatomic + (lastatomic >> 3)) {  /* good collection? */
+    atomic2gen(L, g);  /* return to generational mode */
+    setminordebt(g);
+  }
+  else {  /* another bad collection; stay in incremental mode */
+    g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g);  /* first estimate */;
+    entersweep(L);
+    luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));  /* finish collection */
+    setpause(g);
+    g->lastatomic = newatomic;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does a generational "step".
+** Usually, this means doing a minor collection and setting the debt to
+** make another collection when memory grows 'genminormul'% larger.
+**
+** However, there are exceptions.  If memory grows 'genmajormul'%
+** larger than it was at the end of the last major collection (kept
+** in 'g->GCestimate'), the function does a major collection. At the
+** end, it checks whether the major collection was able to free a
+** decent amount of memory (at least half the growth in memory since
+** previous major collection). If so, the collector keeps its state,
+** and the next collection will probably be minor again. Otherwise,
+** we have what we call a "bad collection". In that case, set the field
+** 'g->lastatomic' to signal that fact, so that the next collection will
+** go to 'stepgenfull'.
+**
+** 'GCdebt <= 0' means an explicit call to GC step with "size" zero;
+** in that case, do a minor collection.
+*/
+static void genstep (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  if (g->lastatomic != 0)  /* last collection was a bad one? */
+    stepgenfull(L, g);  /* do a full step */
+  else {
+    lu_mem majorbase = g->GCestimate;  /* memory after last major collection */
+    lu_mem majorinc = (majorbase / 100) * getgcparam(g->genmajormul);
+    if (g->GCdebt > 0 && gettotalbytes(g) > majorbase + majorinc) {
+      lu_mem numobjs = fullgen(L, g);  /* do a major collection */
+      if (gettotalbytes(g) < majorbase + (majorinc / 2)) {
+        /* collected at least half of memory growth since last major
+           collection; keep doing minor collections. */
+        lua_assert(g->lastatomic == 0);
+      }
+      else {  /* bad collection */
+        g->lastatomic = numobjs;  /* signal that last collection was bad */
+        setpause(g);  /* do a long wait for next (major) collection */
+      }
+    }
+    else {  /* regular case; do a minor collection */
+      youngcollection(L, g);
+      setminordebt(g);
+      g->GCestimate = majorbase;  /* preserve base value */
+    }
+  }
+  lua_assert(isdecGCmodegen(g));
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** GC control
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Enter first sweep phase.
+** The call to 'sweeptolive' makes the pointer point to an object
+** inside the list (instead of to the header), so that the real sweep do
+** not need to skip objects created between "now" and the start of the
+** real sweep.
+*/
+static void entersweep (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  g->gcstate = GCSswpallgc;
+  lua_assert(g->sweepgc == NULL);
+  g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, &g->allgc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Delete all objects in list 'p' until (but not including) object
+** 'limit'.
+*/
+static void deletelist (lua_State *L, GCObject *p, GCObject *limit) {
+  while (p != limit) {
+    GCObject *next = p->next;
+    freeobj(L, p);
+    p = next;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call all finalizers of the objects in the given Lua state, and
+** then free all objects, except for the main thread.
+*/
+void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  g->gcstp = GCSTPCLS;  /* no extra finalizers after here */
+  luaC_changemode(L, KGC_INC);
+  separatetobefnz(g, 1);  /* separate all objects with finalizers */
+  lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);
+  callallpendingfinalizers(L);
+  deletelist(L, g->allgc, obj2gco(g->mainthread));
+  lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);  /* no new finalizers */
+  deletelist(L, g->fixedgc, NULL);  /* collect fixed objects */
+  lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem atomic (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lu_mem work = 0;
+  GCObject *origweak, *origall;
+  GCObject *grayagain = g->grayagain;  /* save original list */
+  g->grayagain = NULL;
+  lua_assert(g->ephemeron == NULL && g->weak == NULL);
+  lua_assert(!iswhite(g->mainthread));
+  g->gcstate = GCSatomic;
+  markobject(g, L);  /* mark running thread */
+  /* registry and global metatables may be changed by API */
+  markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
+  markmt(g);  /* mark global metatables */
+  work += propagateall(g);  /* empties 'gray' list */
+  /* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */
+  work += remarkupvals(g);
+  work += propagateall(g);  /* propagate changes */
+  g->gray = grayagain;
+  work += propagateall(g);  /* traverse 'grayagain' list */
+  convergeephemerons(g);
+  /* at this point, all strongly accessible objects are marked. */
+  /* Clear values from weak tables, before checking finalizers */
+  clearbyvalues(g, g->weak, NULL);
+  clearbyvalues(g, g->allweak, NULL);
+  origweak = g->weak; origall = g->allweak;
+  separatetobefnz(g, 0);  /* separate objects to be finalized */
+  work += markbeingfnz(g);  /* mark objects that will be finalized */
+  work += propagateall(g);  /* remark, to propagate 'resurrection' */
+  convergeephemerons(g);
+  /* at this point, all resurrected objects are marked. */
+  /* remove dead objects from weak tables */
+  clearbykeys(g, g->ephemeron);  /* clear keys from all ephemeron tables */
+  clearbykeys(g, g->allweak);  /* clear keys from all 'allweak' tables */
+  /* clear values from resurrected weak tables */
+  clearbyvalues(g, g->weak, origweak);
+  clearbyvalues(g, g->allweak, origall);
+  luaS_clearcache(g);
+  g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g));  /* flip current white */
+  lua_assert(g->gray == NULL);
+  return work;  /* estimate of slots marked by 'atomic' */
+}
+
+
+static int sweepstep (lua_State *L, global_State *g,
+                      int nextstate, GCObject **nextlist) {
+  if (g->sweepgc) {
+    l_mem olddebt = g->GCdebt;
+    int count;
+    g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX, &count);
+    g->GCestimate += g->GCdebt - olddebt;  /* update estimate */
+    return count;
+  }
+  else {  /* enter next state */
+    g->gcstate = nextstate;
+    g->sweepgc = nextlist;
+    return 0;  /* no work done */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem singlestep (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lu_mem work;
+  lua_assert(!g->gcstopem);  /* collector is not reentrant */
+  g->gcstopem = 1;  /* no emergency collections while collecting */
+  switch (g->gcstate) {
+    case GCSpause: {
+      restartcollection(g);
+      g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;
+      work = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSpropagate: {
+      if (g->gray == NULL) {  /* no more gray objects? */
+        g->gcstate = GCSenteratomic;  /* finish propagate phase */
+        work = 0;
+      }
+      else
+        work = propagatemark(g);  /* traverse one gray object */
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSenteratomic: {
+      work = atomic(L);  /* work is what was traversed by 'atomic' */
+      entersweep(L);
+      g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g);  /* first estimate */;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSswpallgc: {  /* sweep "regular" objects */
+      work = sweepstep(L, g, GCSswpfinobj, &g->finobj);
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSswpfinobj: {  /* sweep objects with finalizers */
+      work = sweepstep(L, g, GCSswptobefnz, &g->tobefnz);
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSswptobefnz: {  /* sweep objects to be finalized */
+      work = sweepstep(L, g, GCSswpend, NULL);
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSswpend: {  /* finish sweeps */
+      checkSizes(L, g);
+      g->gcstate = GCScallfin;
+      work = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCScallfin: {  /* call remaining finalizers */
+      if (g->tobefnz && !g->gcemergency) {
+        g->gcstopem = 0;  /* ok collections during finalizers */
+        work = runafewfinalizers(L, GCFINMAX) * GCFINALIZECOST;
+      }
+      else {  /* emergency mode or no more finalizers */
+        g->gcstate = GCSpause;  /* finish collection */
+        work = 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+  g->gcstopem = 0;
+  return work;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** advances the garbage collector until it reaches a state allowed
+** by 'statemask'
+*/
+void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  while (!testbit(statesmask, g->gcstate))
+    singlestep(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Performs a basic incremental step. The debt and step size are
+** converted from bytes to "units of work"; then the function loops
+** running single steps until adding that many units of work or
+** finishing a cycle (pause state). Finally, it sets the debt that
+** controls when next step will be performed.
+*/
+static void incstep (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  int stepmul = (getgcparam(g->gcstepmul) | 1);  /* avoid division by 0 */
+  l_mem debt = (g->GCdebt / WORK2MEM) * stepmul;
+  l_mem stepsize = (g->gcstepsize <= log2maxs(l_mem))
+                 ? ((cast(l_mem, 1) << g->gcstepsize) / WORK2MEM) * stepmul
+                 : MAX_LMEM;  /* overflow; keep maximum value */
+  do {  /* repeat until pause or enough "credit" (negative debt) */
+    lu_mem work = singlestep(L);  /* perform one single step */
+    debt -= work;
+  } while (debt > -stepsize && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+  if (g->gcstate == GCSpause)
+    setpause(g);  /* pause until next cycle */
+  else {
+    debt = (debt / stepmul) * WORK2MEM;  /* convert 'work units' to bytes */
+    luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Performs a basic GC step if collector is running. (If collector is
+** not running, set a reasonable debt to avoid it being called at
+** every single check.)
+*/
+void luaC_step (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (!gcrunning(g))  /* not running? */
+    luaE_setdebt(g, -2000);
+  else {
+    if(isdecGCmodegen(g))
+      genstep(L, g);
+    else
+      incstep(L, g);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Perform a full collection in incremental mode.
+** Before running the collection, check 'keepinvariant'; if it is true,
+** there may be some objects marked as black, so the collector has
+** to sweep all objects to turn them back to white (as white has not
+** changed, nothing will be collected).
+*/
+static void fullinc (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  if (keepinvariant(g))  /* black objects? */
+    entersweep(L); /* sweep everything to turn them back to white */
+  /* finish any pending sweep phase to start a new cycle */
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCScallfin));  /* run up to finalizers */
+  /* estimate must be correct after a full GC cycle */
+  lua_assert(g->GCestimate == gettotalbytes(g));
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));  /* finish collection */
+  setpause(g);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Performs a full GC cycle; if 'isemergency', set a flag to avoid
+** some operations which could change the interpreter state in some
+** unexpected ways (running finalizers and shrinking some structures).
+*/
+void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(!g->gcemergency);
+  g->gcemergency = isemergency;  /* set flag */
+  if (g->gckind == KGC_INC)
+    fullinc(L, g);
+  else
+    fullgen(L, g);
+  g->gcemergency = 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lgc.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lgc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..538f6edccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lgc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.h $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lgc_h
+#define lgc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+/*
+** Collectable objects may have one of three colors: white, which means
+** the object is not marked; gray, which means the object is marked, but
+** its references may be not marked; and black, which means that the
+** object and all its references are marked.  The main invariant of the
+** garbage collector, while marking objects, is that a black object can
+** never point to a white one. Moreover, any gray object must be in a
+** "gray list" (gray, grayagain, weak, allweak, ephemeron) so that it
+** can be visited again before finishing the collection cycle. (Open
+** upvalues are an exception to this rule.)  These lists have no meaning
+** when the invariant is not being enforced (e.g., sweep phase).
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Possible states of the Garbage Collector
+*/
+#define GCSpropagate	0
+#define GCSenteratomic	1
+#define GCSatomic	2
+#define GCSswpallgc	3
+#define GCSswpfinobj	4
+#define GCSswptobefnz	5
+#define GCSswpend	6
+#define GCScallfin	7
+#define GCSpause	8
+
+
+#define issweepphase(g)  \
+	(GCSswpallgc <= (g)->gcstate && (g)->gcstate <= GCSswpend)
+
+
+/*
+** macro to tell when main invariant (white objects cannot point to black
+** ones) must be kept. During a collection, the sweep
+** phase may break the invariant, as objects turned white may point to
+** still-black objects. The invariant is restored when sweep ends and
+** all objects are white again.
+*/
+
+#define keepinvariant(g)	((g)->gcstate <= GCSatomic)
+
+
+/*
+** some useful bit tricks
+*/
+#define resetbits(x,m)		((x) &= cast_byte(~(m)))
+#define setbits(x,m)		((x) |= (m))
+#define testbits(x,m)		((x) & (m))
+#define bitmask(b)		(1<<(b))
+#define bit2mask(b1,b2)		(bitmask(b1) | bitmask(b2))
+#define l_setbit(x,b)		setbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define resetbit(x,b)		resetbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define testbit(x,b)		testbits(x, bitmask(b))
+
+
+/*
+** Layout for bit use in 'marked' field. First three bits are
+** used for object "age" in generational mode. Last bit is used
+** by tests.
+*/
+#define WHITE0BIT	3  /* object is white (type 0) */
+#define WHITE1BIT	4  /* object is white (type 1) */
+#define BLACKBIT	5  /* object is black */
+#define FINALIZEDBIT	6  /* object has been marked for finalization */
+
+#define TESTBIT		7
+
+
+
+#define WHITEBITS	bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+
+
+#define iswhite(x)      testbits((x)->marked, WHITEBITS)
+#define isblack(x)      testbit((x)->marked, BLACKBIT)
+#define isgray(x)  /* neither white nor black */  \
+	(!testbits((x)->marked, WHITEBITS | bitmask(BLACKBIT)))
+
+#define tofinalize(x)	testbit((x)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
+
+#define otherwhite(g)	((g)->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS)
+#define isdeadm(ow,m)	((m) & (ow))
+#define isdead(g,v)	isdeadm(otherwhite(g), (v)->marked)
+
+#define changewhite(x)	((x)->marked ^= WHITEBITS)
+#define nw2black(x)  \
+	check_exp(!iswhite(x), l_setbit((x)->marked, BLACKBIT))
+
+#define luaC_white(g)	cast_byte((g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS)
+
+
+/* object age in generational mode */
+#define G_NEW		0	/* created in current cycle */
+#define G_SURVIVAL	1	/* created in previous cycle */
+#define G_OLD0		2	/* marked old by frw. barrier in this cycle */
+#define G_OLD1		3	/* first full cycle as old */
+#define G_OLD		4	/* really old object (not to be visited) */
+#define G_TOUCHED1	5	/* old object touched this cycle */
+#define G_TOUCHED2	6	/* old object touched in previous cycle */
+
+#define AGEBITS		7  /* all age bits (111) */
+
+#define getage(o)	((o)->marked & AGEBITS)
+#define setage(o,a)  ((o)->marked = cast_byte(((o)->marked & (~AGEBITS)) | a))
+#define isold(o)	(getage(o) > G_SURVIVAL)
+
+#define changeage(o,f,t)  \
+	check_exp(getage(o) == (f), (o)->marked ^= ((f)^(t)))
+
+
+/* Default Values for GC parameters */
+#define LUAI_GENMAJORMUL         100
+#define LUAI_GENMINORMUL         20
+
+/* wait memory to double before starting new cycle */
+#define LUAI_GCPAUSE    200
+
+/*
+** some gc parameters are stored divided by 4 to allow a maximum value
+** up to 1023 in a 'lu_byte'.
+*/
+#define getgcparam(p)	((p) * 4)
+#define setgcparam(p,v)	((p) = (v) / 4)
+
+#define LUAI_GCMUL      100
+
+/* how much to allocate before next GC step (log2) */
+#define LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE 13      /* 8 KB */
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether the declared GC mode is generational. While in
+** generational mode, the collector can go temporarily to incremental
+** mode to improve performance. This is signaled by 'g->lastatomic != 0'.
+*/
+#define isdecGCmodegen(g)	(g->gckind == KGC_GEN || g->lastatomic != 0)
+
+
+/*
+** Control when GC is running:
+*/
+#define GCSTPUSR	1  /* bit true when GC stopped by user */
+#define GCSTPGC		2  /* bit true when GC stopped by itself */
+#define GCSTPCLS	4  /* bit true when closing Lua state */
+#define gcrunning(g)	((g)->gcstp == 0)
+
+
+/*
+** Does one step of collection when debt becomes positive. 'pre'/'pos'
+** allows some adjustments to be done only when needed. macro
+** 'condchangemem' is used only for heavy tests (forcing a full
+** GC cycle on every opportunity)
+*/
+#define luaC_condGC(L,pre,pos) \
+	{ if (G(L)->GCdebt > 0) { pre; luaC_step(L); pos;}; \
+	  condchangemem(L,pre,pos); }
+
+/* more often than not, 'pre'/'pos' are empty */
+#define luaC_checkGC(L)		luaC_condGC(L,(void)0,(void)0)
+
+
+#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o) (  \
+	(isblack(p) && iswhite(o)) ? \
+	luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)) : cast_void(0))
+
+#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) (  \
+	iscollectable(v) ? luaC_objbarrier(L,p,gcvalue(v)) : cast_void(0))
+
+#define luaC_objbarrierback(L,p,o) (  \
+	(isblack(p) && iswhite(o)) ? luaC_barrierback_(L,p) : cast_void(0))
+
+#define luaC_barrierback(L,p,v) (  \
+	iscollectable(v) ? luaC_objbarrierback(L, p, gcvalue(v)) : cast_void(0))
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fix (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency);
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz);
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobjdt (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz,
+                                                 size_t offset);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int newmode);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/linit.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/linit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69808f84f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/linit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+** $Id: linit.c $
+** Initialization of libraries for lua.c and other clients
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#define linit_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+/*
+** If you embed Lua in your program and need to open the standard
+** libraries, call luaL_openlibs in your program. If you need a
+** different set of libraries, copy this file to your project and edit
+** it to suit your needs.
+**
+** You can also *preload* libraries, so that a later 'require' can
+** open the library, which is already linked to the application.
+** For that, do the following code:
+**
+**  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
+**  lua_pushcfunction(L, luaopen_modname);
+**  lua_setfield(L, -2, modname);
+**  lua_pop(L, 1);  // remove PRELOAD table
+*/
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** these libs are loaded by lua.c and are readily available to any Lua
+** program
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg loadedlibs[] = {
+  {LUA_GNAME, luaopen_base},
+  {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
+  {LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
+  {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+  {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
+  {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
+  {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
+  {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+  {LUA_UTF8LIBNAME, luaopen_utf8},
+  {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {
+  const luaL_Reg *lib;
+  /* "require" functions from 'loadedlibs' and set results to global table */
+  for (lib = loadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
+    luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove lib */
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/liolib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/liolib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b08397da45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/liolib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+/*
+** $Id: liolib.c $
+** Standard I/O (and system) library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define liolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** Change this macro to accept other modes for 'fopen' besides
+** the standard ones.
+*/
+#if !defined(l_checkmode)
+
+/* accepted extensions to 'mode' in 'fopen' */
+#if !defined(L_MODEEXT)
+#define L_MODEEXT	"b"
+#endif
+
+/* Check whether 'mode' matches '[rwa]%+?[L_MODEEXT]*' */
+static int l_checkmode (const char *mode) {
+  return (*mode != '\0' && strchr("rwa", *(mode++)) != NULL &&
+         (*mode != '+' || ((void)(++mode), 1)) &&  /* skip if char is '+' */
+         (strspn(mode, L_MODEEXT) == strlen(mode)));  /* check extensions */
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** l_popen spawns a new process connected to the current
+** one through the file streams.
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(l_popen)		/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)		(fflush(NULL), popen(c,m))
+#define l_pclose(L,file)	(pclose(file))
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)	/* }{ */
+
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)		(_popen(c,m))
+#define l_pclose(L,file)	(_pclose(file))
+
+#if !defined(l_checkmodep)
+/* Windows accepts "[rw][bt]?" as valid modes */
+#define l_checkmodep(m)	((m[0] == 'r' || m[0] == 'w') && \
+  (m[1] == '\0' || ((m[1] == 'b' || m[1] == 't') && m[2] == '\0')))
+#endif
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)  \
+	  ((void)c, (void)m, \
+	  luaL_error(L, "'popen' not supported"), \
+	  (FILE*)0)
+#define l_pclose(L,file)		((void)L, (void)file, -1)
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_checkmodep)
+/* By default, Lua accepts only "r" or "w" as valid modes */
+#define l_checkmodep(m)        ((m[0] == 'r' || m[0] == 'w') && m[1] == '\0')
+#endif
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_getc)		/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#define l_getc(f)		getc_unlocked(f)
+#define l_lockfile(f)		flockfile(f)
+#define l_unlockfile(f)		funlockfile(f)
+#else
+#define l_getc(f)		getc(f)
+#define l_lockfile(f)		((void)0)
+#define l_unlockfile(f)		((void)0)
+#endif
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** l_fseek: configuration for longer offsets
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(l_fseek)		/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w)		fseeko(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f)		ftello(f)
+#define l_seeknum		off_t
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS) && !defined(_CRTIMP_TYPEINFO) \
+   && defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)	/* }{ */
+
+/* Windows (but not DDK) and Visual C++ 2005 or higher */
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w)		_fseeki64(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f)		_ftelli64(f)
+#define l_seeknum		__int64
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w)		fseek(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f)		ftell(f)
+#define l_seeknum		long
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#define IO_PREFIX	"_IO_"
+#define IOPREF_LEN	(sizeof(IO_PREFIX)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+#define IO_INPUT	(IO_PREFIX "input")
+#define IO_OUTPUT	(IO_PREFIX "output")
+
+
+typedef luaL_Stream LStream;
+
+
+#define tolstream(L)	((LStream *)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE))
+
+#define isclosed(p)	((p)->closef == NULL)
+
+
+static int io_type (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p;
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  p = (LStream *)luaL_testudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+  if (p == NULL)
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* not a file */
+  else if (isclosed(p))
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file");
+  else
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "file");
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int f_tostring (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  if (isclosed(p))
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "file (closed)");
+  else
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "file (%p)", p->f);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  if (l_unlikely(isclosed(p)))
+    luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file");
+  lua_assert(p->f);
+  return p->f;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** When creating file handles, always creates a 'closed' file handle
+** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the
+** handle is in a consistent state.
+*/
+static LStream *newprefile (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(LStream), 0);
+  p->closef = NULL;  /* mark file handle as 'closed' */
+  luaL_setmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls the 'close' function from a file handle. The 'volatile' avoids
+** a bug in some versions of the Clang compiler (e.g., clang 3.0 for
+** 32 bits).
+*/
+static int aux_close (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  volatile lua_CFunction cf = p->closef;
+  p->closef = NULL;  /* mark stream as closed */
+  return (*cf)(L);  /* close it */
+}
+
+
+static int f_close (lua_State *L) {
+  tofile(L);  /* make sure argument is an open stream */
+  return aux_close(L);
+}
+
+
+static int io_close (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isnone(L, 1))  /* no argument? */
+    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_OUTPUT);  /* use default output */
+  return f_close(L);
+}
+
+
+static int f_gc (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  if (!isclosed(p) && p->f != NULL)
+    aux_close(L);  /* ignore closed and incompletely open files */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to close regular files
+*/
+static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  int res = fclose(p->f);
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, (res == 0), NULL);
+}
+
+
+static LStream *newfile (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+  p->f = NULL;
+  p->closef = &io_fclose;
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+static void opencheck (lua_State *L, const char *fname, const char *mode) {
+  LStream *p = newfile(L);
+  p->f = fopen(fname, mode);
+  if (l_unlikely(p->f == NULL))
+    luaL_error(L, "cannot open file '%s' (%s)", fname, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+
+static int io_open (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+  LStream *p = newfile(L);
+  const char *md = mode;  /* to traverse/check mode */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, l_checkmode(md), 2, "invalid mode");
+  p->f = fopen(filename, mode);
+  return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to close 'popen' files
+*/
+static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  errno = 0;
+  return luaL_execresult(L, l_pclose(L, p->f));
+}
+
+
+static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+  LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, l_checkmodep(mode), 2, "invalid mode");
+  p->f = l_popen(L, filename, mode);
+  p->closef = &io_pclose;
+  return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = newfile(L);
+  p->f = tmpfile();
+  return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, const char *findex) {
+  LStream *p;
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, findex);
+  p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+  if (l_unlikely(isclosed(p)))
+    luaL_error(L, "default %s file is closed", findex + IOPREF_LEN);
+  return p->f;
+}
+
+
+static int g_iofile (lua_State *L, const char *f, const char *mode) {
+  if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) {
+    const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+    if (filename)
+      opencheck(L, filename, mode);
+    else {
+      tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+      lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+    }
+    lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, f);
+  }
+  /* return current value */
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, f);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_input (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_iofile(L, IO_INPUT, "r");
+}
+
+
+static int io_output (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_iofile(L, IO_OUTPUT, "w");
+}
+
+
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of arguments to 'f:lines'/'io.lines' (it + 3 must fit
+** in the limit for upvalues of a closure)
+*/
+#define MAXARGLINE	250
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function to create the iteration function for 'lines'.
+** The iteration function is a closure over 'io_readline', with
+** the following upvalues:
+** 1) The file being read (first value in the stack)
+** 2) the number of arguments to read
+** 3) a boolean, true iff file has to be closed when finished ('toclose')
+** *) a variable number of format arguments (rest of the stack)
+*/
+static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int toclose) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L) - 1;  /* number of arguments to read */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n <= MAXARGLINE, MAXARGLINE + 2, "too many arguments");
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* file */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* number of arguments to read */
+  lua_pushboolean(L, toclose);  /* close/not close file when finished */
+  lua_rotate(L, 2, 3);  /* move the three values to their positions */
+  lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 3 + n);
+}
+
+
+static int f_lines (lua_State *L) {
+  tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+  aux_lines(L, 0);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return an iteration function for 'io.lines'. If file has to be
+** closed, also returns the file itself as a second result (to be
+** closed as the state at the exit of a generic for).
+*/
+static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {
+  int toclose;
+  if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) lua_pushnil(L);  /* at least one argument */
+  if (lua_isnil(L, 1)) {  /* no file name? */
+    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_INPUT);  /* get default input */
+    lua_replace(L, 1);  /* put it at index 1 */
+    tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+    toclose = 0;  /* do not close it after iteration */
+  }
+  else {  /* open a new file */
+    const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+    opencheck(L, filename, "r");
+    lua_replace(L, 1);  /* put file at index 1 */
+    toclose = 1;  /* close it after iteration */
+  }
+  aux_lines(L, toclose);  /* push iteration function */
+  if (toclose) {
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* state */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* control */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* file is the to-be-closed variable (4th result) */
+    return 4;
+  }
+  else
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** READ
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/* maximum length of a numeral */
+#if !defined (L_MAXLENNUM)
+#define L_MAXLENNUM     200
+#endif
+
+
+/* auxiliary structure used by 'read_number' */
+typedef struct {
+  FILE *f;  /* file being read */
+  int c;  /* current character (look ahead) */
+  int n;  /* number of elements in buffer 'buff' */
+  char buff[L_MAXLENNUM + 1];  /* +1 for ending '\0' */
+} RN;
+
+
+/*
+** Add current char to buffer (if not out of space) and read next one
+*/
+static int nextc (RN *rn) {
+  if (l_unlikely(rn->n >= L_MAXLENNUM)) {  /* buffer overflow? */
+    rn->buff[0] = '\0';  /* invalidate result */
+    return 0;  /* fail */
+  }
+  else {
+    rn->buff[rn->n++] = rn->c;  /* save current char */
+    rn->c = l_getc(rn->f);  /* read next one */
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Accept current char if it is in 'set' (of size 2)
+*/
+static int test2 (RN *rn, const char *set) {
+  if (rn->c == set[0] || rn->c == set[1])
+    return nextc(rn);
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read a sequence of (hex)digits
+*/
+static int readdigits (RN *rn, int hex) {
+  int count = 0;
+  while ((hex ? isxdigit(rn->c) : isdigit(rn->c)) && nextc(rn))
+    count++;
+  return count;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read a number: first reads a valid prefix of a numeral into a buffer.
+** Then it calls 'lua_stringtonumber' to check whether the format is
+** correct and to convert it to a Lua number.
+*/
+static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+  RN rn;
+  int count = 0;
+  int hex = 0;
+  char decp[2];
+  rn.f = f; rn.n = 0;
+  decp[0] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* get decimal point from locale */
+  decp[1] = '.';  /* always accept a dot */
+  l_lockfile(rn.f);
+  do { rn.c = l_getc(rn.f); } while (isspace(rn.c));  /* skip spaces */
+  test2(&rn, "-+");  /* optional sign */
+  if (test2(&rn, "00")) {
+    if (test2(&rn, "xX")) hex = 1;  /* numeral is hexadecimal */
+    else count = 1;  /* count initial '0' as a valid digit */
+  }
+  count += readdigits(&rn, hex);  /* integral part */
+  if (test2(&rn, decp))  /* decimal point? */
+    count += readdigits(&rn, hex);  /* fractional part */
+  if (count > 0 && test2(&rn, (hex ? "pP" : "eE"))) {  /* exponent mark? */
+    test2(&rn, "-+");  /* exponent sign */
+    readdigits(&rn, 0);  /* exponent digits */
+  }
+  ungetc(rn.c, rn.f);  /* unread look-ahead char */
+  l_unlockfile(rn.f);
+  rn.buff[rn.n] = '\0';  /* finish string */
+  if (l_likely(lua_stringtonumber(L, rn.buff)))
+    return 1;  /* ok, it is a valid number */
+  else {  /* invalid format */
+   lua_pushnil(L);  /* "result" to be removed */
+   return 0;  /* read fails */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+  int c = getc(f);
+  ungetc(c, f);  /* no-op when c == EOF */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+  return (c != EOF);
+}
+
+
+static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int chop) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  int c;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  do {  /* may need to read several chunks to get whole line */
+    char *buff = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);  /* preallocate buffer space */
+    int i = 0;
+    l_lockfile(f);  /* no memory errors can happen inside the lock */
+    while (i < LUAL_BUFFERSIZE && (c = l_getc(f)) != EOF && c != '\n')
+      buff[i++] = c;  /* read up to end of line or buffer limit */
+    l_unlockfile(f);
+    luaL_addsize(&b, i);
+  } while (c != EOF && c != '\n');  /* repeat until end of line */
+  if (!chop && c == '\n')  /* want a newline and have one? */
+    luaL_addchar(&b, c);  /* add ending newline to result */
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
+  /* return ok if read something (either a newline or something else) */
+  return (c == '\n' || lua_rawlen(L, -1) > 0);
+}
+
+
+static void read_all (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+  size_t nr;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  do {  /* read file in chunks of LUAL_BUFFERSIZE bytes */
+    char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
+    nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f);
+    luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
+  } while (nr == LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
+}
+
+
+static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) {
+  size_t nr;  /* number of chars actually read */
+  char *p;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  p = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, n);  /* prepare buffer to read whole block */
+  nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), n, f);  /* try to read 'n' chars */
+  luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
+  return (nr > 0);  /* true iff read something */
+}
+
+
+static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {
+  int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+  int n, success;
+  clearerr(f);
+  if (nargs == 0) {  /* no arguments? */
+    success = read_line(L, f, 1);
+    n = first + 1;  /* to return 1 result */
+  }
+  else {
+    /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */
+    luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments");
+    success = 1;
+    for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) {
+      if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+        size_t l = (size_t)luaL_checkinteger(L, n);
+        success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l);
+      }
+      else {
+        const char *p = luaL_checkstring(L, n);
+        if (*p == '*') p++;  /* skip optional '*' (for compatibility) */
+        switch (*p) {
+          case 'n':  /* number */
+            success = read_number(L, f);
+            break;
+          case 'l':  /* line */
+            success = read_line(L, f, 1);
+            break;
+          case 'L':  /* line with end-of-line */
+            success = read_line(L, f, 0);
+            break;
+          case 'a':  /* file */
+            read_all(L, f);  /* read entire file */
+            success = 1; /* always success */
+            break;
+          default:
+            return luaL_argerror(L, n, "invalid format");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (ferror(f))
+    return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+  if (!success) {
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove last result */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* push nil instead */
+  }
+  return n - first;
+}
+
+
+static int io_read (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_read(L, getiofile(L, IO_INPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_read (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_read(L, tofile(L), 2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Iteration function for 'lines'.
+*/
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  int i;
+  int n = (int)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(2));
+  if (isclosed(p))  /* file is already closed? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "file is already closed");
+  lua_settop(L , 1);
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n, "too many arguments");
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)  /* push arguments to 'g_read' */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(3 + i));
+  n = g_read(L, p->f, 2);  /* 'n' is number of results */
+  lua_assert(n > 0);  /* should return at least a nil */
+  if (lua_toboolean(L, -n))  /* read at least one value? */
+    return n;  /* return them */
+  else {  /* first result is false: EOF or error */
+    if (n > 1) {  /* is there error information? */
+      /* 2nd result is error message */
+      return luaL_error(L, "%s", lua_tostring(L, -n + 1));
+    }
+    if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(3))) {  /* generator created file? */
+      lua_settop(L, 0);  /* clear stack */
+      lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));  /* push file at index 1 */
+      aux_close(L);  /* close it */
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {
+  int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - arg;
+  int status = 1;
+  for (; nargs--; arg++) {
+    if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+      /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */
+      int len = lua_isinteger(L, arg)
+                ? fprintf(f, LUA_INTEGER_FMT,
+                             (LUAI_UACINT)lua_tointeger(L, arg))
+                : fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT,
+                             (LUAI_UACNUMBER)lua_tonumber(L, arg));
+      status = status && (len > 0);
+    }
+    else {
+      size_t l;
+      const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+      status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);
+    }
+  }
+  if (l_likely(status))
+    return 1;  /* file handle already on stack top */
+  else return luaL_fileresult(L, status, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int io_write (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_write(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_write (lua_State *L) {
+  FILE *f = tofile(L);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* push file at the stack top (to be returned) */
+  return g_write(L, f, 2);
+}
+
+
+static int f_seek (lua_State *L) {
+  static const int mode[] = {SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END};
+  static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL};
+  FILE *f = tofile(L);
+  int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames);
+  lua_Integer p3 = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
+  l_seeknum offset = (l_seeknum)p3;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Integer)offset == p3, 3,
+                  "not an integer in proper range");
+  op = l_fseek(f, offset, mode[op]);
+  if (l_unlikely(op))
+    return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);  /* error */
+  else {
+    lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)l_ftell(f));
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {
+  static const int mode[] = {_IONBF, _IOFBF, _IOLBF};
+  static const char *const modenames[] = {"no", "full", "line", NULL};
+  FILE *f = tofile(L);
+  int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames);
+  lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+  int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], (size_t)sz);
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, res == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+
+static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** functions for 'io' library
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = {
+  {"close", io_close},
+  {"flush", io_flush},
+  {"input", io_input},
+  {"lines", io_lines},
+  {"open", io_open},
+  {"output", io_output},
+  {"popen", io_popen},
+  {"read", io_read},
+  {"tmpfile", io_tmpfile},
+  {"type", io_type},
+  {"write", io_write},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** methods for file handles
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg meth[] = {
+  {"read", f_read},
+  {"write", f_write},
+  {"lines", f_lines},
+  {"flush", f_flush},
+  {"seek", f_seek},
+  {"close", f_close},
+  {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** metamethods for file handles
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg metameth[] = {
+  {"__index", NULL},  /* place holder */
+  {"__gc", f_gc},
+  {"__close", f_gc},
+  {"__tostring", f_tostring},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);  /* metatable for file handles */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, metameth, 0);  /* add metamethods to new metatable */
+  luaL_newlibtable(L, meth);  /* create method table */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, meth, 0);  /* add file methods to method table */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");  /* metatable.__index = method table */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop metatable */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to (not) close the standard files stdin, stdout, and stderr
+*/
+static int io_noclose (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  p->closef = &io_noclose;  /* keep file opened */
+  luaL_pushfail(L);
+  lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot close standard file");
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static void createstdfile (lua_State *L, FILE *f, const char *k,
+                           const char *fname) {
+  LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+  p->f = f;
+  p->closef = &io_noclose;
+  if (k != NULL) {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+    lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, k);  /* add file to registry */
+  }
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);  /* add file to module */
+}
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_io (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, iolib);  /* new module */
+  createmeta(L);
+  /* create (and set) default files */
+  createstdfile(L, stdin, IO_INPUT, "stdin");
+  createstdfile(L, stdout, IO_OUTPUT, "stdout");
+  createstdfile(L, stderr, NULL, "stderr");
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ljumptab.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ljumptab.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8306f250cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ljumptab.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ljumptab.h $
+** Jump Table for the Lua interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#undef vmdispatch
+#undef vmcase
+#undef vmbreak
+
+#define vmdispatch(x)     goto *disptab[x];
+
+#define vmcase(l)     L_##l:
+
+#define vmbreak		vmfetch(); vmdispatch(GET_OPCODE(i));
+
+
+static const void *const disptab[NUM_OPCODES] = {
+
+#if 0
+** you can update the following list with this command:
+**
+**  sed -n '/^OP_/\!d; s/OP_/\&\&L_OP_/ ; s/,.*/,/ ; s/\/.*// ; p'  lopcodes.h
+**
+#endif
+
+&&L_OP_MOVE,
+&&L_OP_LOADI,
+&&L_OP_LOADF,
+&&L_OP_LOADK,
+&&L_OP_LOADKX,
+&&L_OP_LOADFALSE,
+&&L_OP_LFALSESKIP,
+&&L_OP_LOADTRUE,
+&&L_OP_LOADNIL,
+&&L_OP_GETUPVAL,
+&&L_OP_SETUPVAL,
+&&L_OP_GETTABUP,
+&&L_OP_GETTABLE,
+&&L_OP_GETI,
+&&L_OP_GETFIELD,
+&&L_OP_SETTABUP,
+&&L_OP_SETTABLE,
+&&L_OP_SETI,
+&&L_OP_SETFIELD,
+&&L_OP_NEWTABLE,
+&&L_OP_SELF,
+&&L_OP_ADDI,
+&&L_OP_ADDK,
+&&L_OP_SUBK,
+&&L_OP_MULK,
+&&L_OP_MODK,
+&&L_OP_POWK,
+&&L_OP_DIVK,
+&&L_OP_IDIVK,
+&&L_OP_BANDK,
+&&L_OP_BORK,
+&&L_OP_BXORK,
+&&L_OP_SHRI,
+&&L_OP_SHLI,
+&&L_OP_ADD,
+&&L_OP_SUB,
+&&L_OP_MUL,
+&&L_OP_MOD,
+&&L_OP_POW,
+&&L_OP_DIV,
+&&L_OP_IDIV,
+&&L_OP_BAND,
+&&L_OP_BOR,
+&&L_OP_BXOR,
+&&L_OP_SHL,
+&&L_OP_SHR,
+&&L_OP_MMBIN,
+&&L_OP_MMBINI,
+&&L_OP_MMBINK,
+&&L_OP_UNM,
+&&L_OP_BNOT,
+&&L_OP_NOT,
+&&L_OP_LEN,
+&&L_OP_CONCAT,
+&&L_OP_CLOSE,
+&&L_OP_TBC,
+&&L_OP_JMP,
+&&L_OP_EQ,
+&&L_OP_LT,
+&&L_OP_LE,
+&&L_OP_EQK,
+&&L_OP_EQI,
+&&L_OP_LTI,
+&&L_OP_LEI,
+&&L_OP_GTI,
+&&L_OP_GEI,
+&&L_OP_TEST,
+&&L_OP_TESTSET,
+&&L_OP_CALL,
+&&L_OP_TAILCALL,
+&&L_OP_RETURN,
+&&L_OP_RETURN0,
+&&L_OP_RETURN1,
+&&L_OP_FORLOOP,
+&&L_OP_FORPREP,
+&&L_OP_TFORPREP,
+&&L_OP_TFORCALL,
+&&L_OP_TFORLOOP,
+&&L_OP_SETLIST,
+&&L_OP_CLOSURE,
+&&L_OP_VARARG,
+&&L_OP_VARARGPREP,
+&&L_OP_EXTRAARG
+
+};
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llex.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fc39a5cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llex.c $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define llex_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+#define next(ls)	(ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
+
+
+
+#define currIsNewline(ls)	(ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r')
+
+
+/* ORDER RESERVED */
+static const char *const luaX_tokens [] = {
+    "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif",
+    "end", "false", "for", "function", "goto", "if",
+    "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat",
+    "return", "then", "true", "until", "while",
+    "//", "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=",
+    "<<", ">>", "::", "<eof>",
+    "<number>", "<integer>", "<name>", "<string>"
+};
+
+
+#define save_and_next(ls) (save(ls, ls->current), next(ls))
+
+
+static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token);
+
+
+static void save (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  Mbuffer *b = ls->buff;
+  if (luaZ_bufflen(b) + 1 > luaZ_sizebuffer(b)) {
+    size_t newsize;
+    if (luaZ_sizebuffer(b) >= MAX_SIZE/2)
+      lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0);
+    newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(b) * 2;
+    luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize);
+  }
+  b->buffer[luaZ_bufflen(b)++] = cast_char(c);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {
+  int i;
+  TString *e = luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ENV);  /* create env name */
+  luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(e));  /* never collect this name */
+  for (i=0; i<NUM_RESERVED; i++) {
+    TString *ts = luaS_new(L, luaX_tokens[i]);
+    luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(ts));  /* reserved words are never collected */
+    ts->extra = cast_byte(i+1);  /* reserved word */
+  }
+}
+
+
+const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) {
+  if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) {  /* single-byte symbols? */
+    if (lisprint(token))
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%c'", token);
+    else  /* control character */
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'<\\%d>'", token);
+  }
+  else {
+    const char *s = luaX_tokens[token - FIRST_RESERVED];
+    if (token < TK_EOS)  /* fixed format (symbols and reserved words)? */
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%s'", s);
+    else  /* names, strings, and numerals */
+      return s;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) {
+  switch (token) {
+    case TK_NAME: case TK_STRING:
+    case TK_FLT: case TK_INT:
+      save(ls, '\0');
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%s'", luaZ_buffer(ls->buff));
+    default:
+      return luaX_token2str(ls, token);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token) {
+  msg = luaG_addinfo(ls->L, msg, ls->source, ls->linenumber);
+  if (token)
+    luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s near %s", msg, txtToken(ls, token));
+  luaD_throw(ls->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+  lexerror(ls, msg, ls->t.token);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates a new string and anchors it in scanner's table so that it
+** will not be collected until the end of the compilation; by that time
+** it should be anchored somewhere. It also internalizes long strings,
+** ensuring there is only one copy of each unique string.  The table
+** here is used as a set: the string enters as the key, while its value
+** is irrelevant. We use the string itself as the value only because it
+** is a TValue readily available. Later, the code generation can change
+** this value.
+*/
+TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l);  /* create new string */
+  const TValue *o = luaH_getstr(ls->h, ts);
+  if (!ttisnil(o))  /* string already present? */
+    ts = keystrval(nodefromval(o));  /* get saved copy */
+  else {  /* not in use yet */
+    TValue *stv = s2v(L->top.p++);  /* reserve stack space for string */
+    setsvalue(L, stv, ts);  /* temporarily anchor the string */
+    luaH_finishset(L, ls->h, stv, o, stv);  /* t[string] = string */
+    /* table is not a metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+    luaC_checkGC(L);
+    L->top.p--;  /* remove string from stack */
+  }
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** increment line number and skips newline sequence (any of
+** \n, \r, \n\r, or \r\n)
+*/
+static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) {
+  int old = ls->current;
+  lua_assert(currIsNewline(ls));
+  next(ls);  /* skip '\n' or '\r' */
+  if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old)
+    next(ls);  /* skip '\n\r' or '\r\n' */
+  if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT)
+    lexerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines", 0);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source,
+                    int firstchar) {
+  ls->t.token = 0;
+  ls->L = L;
+  ls->current = firstchar;
+  ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS;  /* no look-ahead token */
+  ls->z = z;
+  ls->fs = NULL;
+  ls->linenumber = 1;
+  ls->lastline = 1;
+  ls->source = source;
+  ls->envn = luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ENV);  /* get env name */
+  luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER);  /* initialize buffer */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** =======================================================
+** LEXICAL ANALYZER
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int check_next1 (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  if (ls->current == c) {
+    next(ls);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether current char is in set 'set' (with two chars) and
+** saves it
+*/
+static int check_next2 (LexState *ls, const char *set) {
+  lua_assert(set[2] == '\0');
+  if (ls->current == set[0] || ls->current == set[1]) {
+    save_and_next(ls);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* LUA_NUMBER */
+/*
+** This function is quite liberal in what it accepts, as 'luaO_str2num'
+** will reject ill-formed numerals. Roughly, it accepts the following
+** pattern:
+**
+**   %d(%x|%.|([Ee][+-]?))* | 0[Xx](%x|%.|([Pp][+-]?))*
+**
+** The only tricky part is to accept [+-] only after a valid exponent
+** mark, to avoid reading '3-4' or '0xe+1' as a single number.
+**
+** The caller might have already read an initial dot.
+*/
+static int read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+  TValue obj;
+  const char *expo = "Ee";
+  int first = ls->current;
+  lua_assert(lisdigit(ls->current));
+  save_and_next(ls);
+  if (first == '0' && check_next2(ls, "xX"))  /* hexadecimal? */
+    expo = "Pp";
+  for (;;) {
+    if (check_next2(ls, expo))  /* exponent mark? */
+      check_next2(ls, "-+");  /* optional exponent sign */
+    else if (lisxdigit(ls->current) || ls->current == '.')  /* '%x|%.' */
+      save_and_next(ls);
+    else break;
+  }
+  if (lislalpha(ls->current))  /* is numeral touching a letter? */
+    save_and_next(ls);  /* force an error */
+  save(ls, '\0');
+  if (luaO_str2num(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &obj) == 0)  /* format error? */
+    lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_FLT);
+  if (ttisinteger(&obj)) {
+    seminfo->i = ivalue(&obj);
+    return TK_INT;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_assert(ttisfloat(&obj));
+    seminfo->r = fltvalue(&obj);
+    return TK_FLT;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** read a sequence '[=*[' or ']=*]', leaving the last bracket. If
+** sequence is well formed, return its number of '='s + 2; otherwise,
+** return 1 if it is a single bracket (no '='s and no 2nd bracket);
+** otherwise (an unfinished '[==...') return 0.
+*/
+static size_t skip_sep (LexState *ls) {
+  size_t count = 0;
+  int s = ls->current;
+  lua_assert(s == '[' || s == ']');
+  save_and_next(ls);
+  while (ls->current == '=') {
+    save_and_next(ls);
+    count++;
+  }
+  return (ls->current == s) ? count + 2
+         : (count == 0) ? 1
+         : 0;
+}
+
+
+static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, size_t sep) {
+  int line = ls->linenumber;  /* initial line (for error message) */
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 2nd '[' */
+  if (currIsNewline(ls))  /* string starts with a newline? */
+    inclinenumber(ls);  /* skip it */
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (ls->current) {
+      case EOZ: {  /* error */
+        const char *what = (seminfo ? "string" : "comment");
+        const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+                     "unfinished long %s (starting at line %d)", what, line);
+        lexerror(ls, msg, TK_EOS);
+        break;  /* to avoid warnings */
+      }
+      case ']': {
+        if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {
+          save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 2nd ']' */
+          goto endloop;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case '\n': case '\r': {
+        save(ls, '\n');
+        inclinenumber(ls);
+        if (!seminfo) luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* avoid wasting space */
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        if (seminfo) save_and_next(ls);
+        else next(ls);
+      }
+    }
+  } endloop:
+  if (seminfo)
+    seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + sep,
+                                     luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2 * sep);
+}
+
+
+static void esccheck (LexState *ls, int c, const char *msg) {
+  if (!c) {
+    if (ls->current != EOZ)
+      save_and_next(ls);  /* add current to buffer for error message */
+    lexerror(ls, msg, TK_STRING);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int gethexa (LexState *ls) {
+  save_and_next(ls);
+  esccheck (ls, lisxdigit(ls->current), "hexadecimal digit expected");
+  return luaO_hexavalue(ls->current);
+}
+
+
+static int readhexaesc (LexState *ls) {
+  int r = gethexa(ls);
+  r = (r << 4) + gethexa(ls);
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 2);  /* remove saved chars from buffer */
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static unsigned long readutf8esc (LexState *ls) {
+  unsigned long r;
+  int i = 4;  /* chars to be removed: '\', 'u', '{', and first digit */
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 'u' */
+  esccheck(ls, ls->current == '{', "missing '{'");
+  r = gethexa(ls);  /* must have at least one digit */
+  while (cast_void(save_and_next(ls)), lisxdigit(ls->current)) {
+    i++;
+    esccheck(ls, r <= (0x7FFFFFFFu >> 4), "UTF-8 value too large");
+    r = (r << 4) + luaO_hexavalue(ls->current);
+  }
+  esccheck(ls, ls->current == '}', "missing '}'");
+  next(ls);  /* skip '}' */
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, i);  /* remove saved chars from buffer */
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static void utf8esc (LexState *ls) {
+  char buff[UTF8BUFFSZ];
+  int n = luaO_utf8esc(buff, readutf8esc(ls));
+  for (; n > 0; n--)  /* add 'buff' to string */
+    save(ls, buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - n]);
+}
+
+
+static int readdecesc (LexState *ls) {
+  int i;
+  int r = 0;  /* result accumulator */
+  for (i = 0; i < 3 && lisdigit(ls->current); i++) {  /* read up to 3 digits */
+    r = 10*r + ls->current - '0';
+    save_and_next(ls);
+  }
+  esccheck(ls, r <= UCHAR_MAX, "decimal escape too large");
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, i);  /* remove read digits from buffer */
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* keep delimiter (for error messages) */
+  while (ls->current != del) {
+    switch (ls->current) {
+      case EOZ:
+        lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_EOS);
+        break;  /* to avoid warnings */
+      case '\n':
+      case '\r':
+        lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_STRING);
+        break;  /* to avoid warnings */
+      case '\\': {  /* escape sequences */
+        int c;  /* final character to be saved */
+        save_and_next(ls);  /* keep '\\' for error messages */
+        switch (ls->current) {
+          case 'a': c = '\a'; goto read_save;
+          case 'b': c = '\b'; goto read_save;
+          case 'f': c = '\f'; goto read_save;
+          case 'n': c = '\n'; goto read_save;
+          case 'r': c = '\r'; goto read_save;
+          case 't': c = '\t'; goto read_save;
+          case 'v': c = '\v'; goto read_save;
+          case 'x': c = readhexaesc(ls); goto read_save;
+          case 'u': utf8esc(ls);  goto no_save;
+          case '\n': case '\r':
+            inclinenumber(ls); c = '\n'; goto only_save;
+          case '\\': case '\"': case '\'':
+            c = ls->current; goto read_save;
+          case EOZ: goto no_save;  /* will raise an error next loop */
+          case 'z': {  /* zap following span of spaces */
+            luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 1);  /* remove '\\' */
+            next(ls);  /* skip the 'z' */
+            while (lisspace(ls->current)) {
+              if (currIsNewline(ls)) inclinenumber(ls);
+              else next(ls);
+            }
+            goto no_save;
+          }
+          default: {
+            esccheck(ls, lisdigit(ls->current), "invalid escape sequence");
+            c = readdecesc(ls);  /* digital escape '\ddd' */
+            goto only_save;
+          }
+        }
+       read_save:
+         next(ls);
+         /* go through */
+       only_save:
+         luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 1);  /* remove '\\' */
+         save(ls, c);
+         /* go through */
+       no_save: break;
+      }
+      default:
+        save_and_next(ls);
+    }
+  }
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip delimiter */
+  seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + 1,
+                                   luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2);
+}
+
+
+static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+  luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (ls->current) {
+      case '\n': case '\r': {  /* line breaks */
+        inclinenumber(ls);
+        break;
+      }
+      case ' ': case '\f': case '\t': case '\v': {  /* spaces */
+        next(ls);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '-': {  /* '-' or '--' (comment) */
+        next(ls);
+        if (ls->current != '-') return '-';
+        /* else is a comment */
+        next(ls);
+        if (ls->current == '[') {  /* long comment? */
+          size_t sep = skip_sep(ls);
+          luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* 'skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */
+          if (sep >= 2) {
+            read_long_string(ls, NULL, sep);  /* skip long comment */
+            luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* previous call may dirty the buff. */
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        /* else short comment */
+        while (!currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != EOZ)
+          next(ls);  /* skip until end of line (or end of file) */
+        break;
+      }
+      case '[': {  /* long string or simply '[' */
+        size_t sep = skip_sep(ls);
+        if (sep >= 2) {
+          read_long_string(ls, seminfo, sep);
+          return TK_STRING;
+        }
+        else if (sep == 0)  /* '[=...' missing second bracket? */
+          lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING);
+        return '[';
+      }
+      case '=': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_EQ;  /* '==' */
+        else return '=';
+      }
+      case '<': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_LE;  /* '<=' */
+        else if (check_next1(ls, '<')) return TK_SHL;  /* '<<' */
+        else return '<';
+      }
+      case '>': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_GE;  /* '>=' */
+        else if (check_next1(ls, '>')) return TK_SHR;  /* '>>' */
+        else return '>';
+      }
+      case '/': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '/')) return TK_IDIV;  /* '//' */
+        else return '/';
+      }
+      case '~': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_NE;  /* '~=' */
+        else return '~';
+      }
+      case ':': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, ':')) return TK_DBCOLON;  /* '::' */
+        else return ':';
+      }
+      case '"': case '\'': {  /* short literal strings */
+        read_string(ls, ls->current, seminfo);
+        return TK_STRING;
+      }
+      case '.': {  /* '.', '..', '...', or number */
+        save_and_next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '.')) {
+          if (check_next1(ls, '.'))
+            return TK_DOTS;   /* '...' */
+          else return TK_CONCAT;   /* '..' */
+        }
+        else if (!lisdigit(ls->current)) return '.';
+        else return read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+      }
+      case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+      case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
+        return read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+      }
+      case EOZ: {
+        return TK_EOS;
+      }
+      default: {
+        if (lislalpha(ls->current)) {  /* identifier or reserved word? */
+          TString *ts;
+          do {
+            save_and_next(ls);
+          } while (lislalnum(ls->current));
+          ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
+                                  luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
+          seminfo->ts = ts;
+          if (isreserved(ts))  /* reserved word? */
+            return ts->extra - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
+          else {
+            return TK_NAME;
+          }
+        }
+        else {  /* single-char tokens ('+', '*', '%', '{', '}', ...) */
+          int c = ls->current;
+          next(ls);
+          return c;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void luaX_next (LexState *ls) {
+  ls->lastline = ls->linenumber;
+  if (ls->lookahead.token != TK_EOS) {  /* is there a look-ahead token? */
+    ls->t = ls->lookahead;  /* use this one */
+    ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS;  /* and discharge it */
+  }
+  else
+    ls->t.token = llex(ls, &ls->t.seminfo);  /* read next token */
+}
+
+
+int luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls) {
+  lua_assert(ls->lookahead.token == TK_EOS);
+  ls->lookahead.token = llex(ls, &ls->lookahead.seminfo);
+  return ls->lookahead.token;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llex.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llex.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..389d2f8635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llex.h $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llex_h
+#define llex_h
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Single-char tokens (terminal symbols) are represented by their own
+** numeric code. Other tokens start at the following value.
+*/
+#define FIRST_RESERVED	(UCHAR_MAX + 1)
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_ENV)
+#define LUA_ENV		"_ENV"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER RESERVED"
+*/
+enum RESERVED {
+  /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */
+  TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK,
+  TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION,
+  TK_GOTO, TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT,
+  TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
+  /* other terminal symbols */
+  TK_IDIV, TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE,
+  TK_SHL, TK_SHR,
+  TK_DBCOLON, TK_EOS,
+  TK_FLT, TK_INT, TK_NAME, TK_STRING
+};
+
+/* number of reserved words */
+#define NUM_RESERVED	(cast_int(TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED + 1))
+
+
+typedef union {
+  lua_Number r;
+  lua_Integer i;
+  TString *ts;
+} SemInfo;  /* semantics information */
+
+
+typedef struct Token {
+  int token;
+  SemInfo seminfo;
+} Token;
+
+
+/* state of the lexer plus state of the parser when shared by all
+   functions */
+typedef struct LexState {
+  int current;  /* current character (charint) */
+  int linenumber;  /* input line counter */
+  int lastline;  /* line of last token 'consumed' */
+  Token t;  /* current token */
+  Token lookahead;  /* look ahead token */
+  struct FuncState *fs;  /* current function (parser) */
+  struct lua_State *L;
+  ZIO *z;  /* input stream */
+  Mbuffer *buff;  /* buffer for tokens */
+  Table *h;  /* to avoid collection/reuse strings */
+  struct Dyndata *dyd;  /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+  TString *source;  /* current source name */
+  TString *envn;  /* environment variable name */
+} LexState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z,
+                              TString *source, int firstchar);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_next (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *s);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llimits.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llimits.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c826f7be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/llimits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llimits.h $
+** Limits, basic types, and some other 'installation-dependent' definitions
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llimits_h
+#define llimits_h
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** 'lu_mem' and 'l_mem' are unsigned/signed integers big enough to count
+** the total memory used by Lua (in bytes). Usually, 'size_t' and
+** 'ptrdiff_t' should work, but we use 'long' for 16-bit machines.
+*/
+#if defined(LUAI_MEM)		/* { external definitions? */
+typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
+typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
+#elif LUAI_IS32INT	/* }{ */
+typedef size_t lu_mem;
+typedef ptrdiff_t l_mem;
+#else  /* 16-bit ints */	/* }{ */
+typedef unsigned long lu_mem;
+typedef long l_mem;
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/* chars used as small naturals (so that 'char' is reserved for characters) */
+typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
+typedef signed char ls_byte;
+
+
+/* maximum value for size_t */
+#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
+
+/* maximum size visible for Lua (must be representable in a lua_Integer) */
+#define MAX_SIZE	(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(lua_Integer) ? MAX_SIZET \
+                          : (size_t)(LUA_MAXINTEGER))
+
+
+#define MAX_LUMEM	((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0))
+
+#define MAX_LMEM	((l_mem)(MAX_LUMEM >> 1))
+
+
+#define MAX_INT		INT_MAX  /* maximum value of an int */
+
+
+/*
+** floor of the log2 of the maximum signed value for integral type 't'.
+** (That is, maximum 'n' such that '2^n' fits in the given signed type.)
+*/
+#define log2maxs(t)	(sizeof(t) * 8 - 2)
+
+
+/*
+** test whether an unsigned value is a power of 2 (or zero)
+*/
+#define ispow2(x)	(((x) & ((x) - 1)) == 0)
+
+
+/* number of chars of a literal string without the ending \0 */
+#define LL(x)   (sizeof(x)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** conversion of pointer to unsigned integer: this is for hashing only;
+** there is no problem if the integer cannot hold the whole pointer
+** value. (In strict ISO C this may cause undefined behavior, but no
+** actual machine seems to bother.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && \
+    __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+#include <stdint.h>
+#if defined(UINTPTR_MAX)  /* even in C99 this type is optional */
+#define L_P2I	uintptr_t
+#else  /* no 'intptr'? */
+#define L_P2I	uintmax_t  /* use the largest available integer */
+#endif
+#else  /* C89 option */
+#define L_P2I	size_t
+#endif
+
+#define point2uint(p)	((unsigned int)((L_P2I)(p) & UINT_MAX))
+
+
+
+/* types of 'usual argument conversions' for lua_Number and lua_Integer */
+typedef LUAI_UACNUMBER l_uacNumber;
+typedef LUAI_UACINT l_uacInt;
+
+
+/*
+** Internal assertions for in-house debugging
+*/
+#if defined LUAI_ASSERT
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <assert.h>
+#define lua_assert(c)           assert(c)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(lua_assert)
+#define check_exp(c,e)		(lua_assert(c), (e))
+/* to avoid problems with conditions too long */
+#define lua_longassert(c)	((c) ? (void)0 : lua_assert(0))
+#else
+#define lua_assert(c)		((void)0)
+#define check_exp(c,e)		(e)
+#define lua_longassert(c)	((void)0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** assertion for checking API calls
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_apicheck)
+#define luai_apicheck(l,e)	((void)l, lua_assert(e))
+#endif
+
+#define api_check(l,e,msg)	luai_apicheck(l,(e) && msg)
+
+
+/* macro to avoid warnings about unused variables */
+#if !defined(UNUSED)
+#define UNUSED(x)	((void)(x))
+#endif
+
+
+/* type casts (a macro highlights casts in the code) */
+#define cast(t, exp)	((t)(exp))
+
+#define cast_void(i)	cast(void, (i))
+#define cast_voidp(i)	cast(void *, (i))
+#define cast_num(i)	cast(lua_Number, (i))
+#define cast_int(i)	cast(int, (i))
+#define cast_uint(i)	cast(unsigned int, (i))
+#define cast_byte(i)	cast(lu_byte, (i))
+#define cast_uchar(i)	cast(unsigned char, (i))
+#define cast_char(i)	cast(char, (i))
+#define cast_charp(i)	cast(char *, (i))
+#define cast_sizet(i)	cast(size_t, (i))
+
+
+/* cast a signed lua_Integer to lua_Unsigned */
+#if !defined(l_castS2U)
+#define l_castS2U(i)	((lua_Unsigned)(i))
+#endif
+
+/*
+** cast a lua_Unsigned to a signed lua_Integer; this cast is
+** not strict ISO C, but two-complement architectures should
+** work fine.
+*/
+#if !defined(l_castU2S)
+#define l_castU2S(i)	((lua_Integer)(i))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** non-return type
+*/
+#if !defined(l_noret)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define l_noret		void __attribute__((noreturn))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1200
+#define l_noret		void __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+#define l_noret		void
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Inline functions
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define l_inline	inline
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#define l_inline	__inline__
+#else
+#define l_inline	/* empty */
+#endif
+
+#define l_sinline	static l_inline
+
+
+/*
+** type for virtual-machine instructions;
+** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
+*/
+#if LUAI_IS32INT
+typedef unsigned int l_uint32;
+#else
+typedef unsigned long l_uint32;
+#endif
+
+typedef l_uint32 Instruction;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum length for short strings, that is, strings that are
+** internalized. (Cannot be smaller than reserved words or tags for
+** metamethods, as these strings must be internalized;
+** #("function") = 8, #("__newindex") = 10.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)
+#define LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN	40
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Initial size for the string table (must be power of 2).
+** The Lua core alone registers ~50 strings (reserved words +
+** metaevent keys + a few others). Libraries would typically add
+** a few dozens more.
+*/
+#if !defined(MINSTRTABSIZE)
+#define MINSTRTABSIZE	128
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Size of cache for strings in the API. 'N' is the number of
+** sets (better be a prime) and "M" is the size of each set (M == 1
+** makes a direct cache.)
+*/
+#if !defined(STRCACHE_N)
+#define STRCACHE_N		53
+#define STRCACHE_M		2
+#endif
+
+
+/* minimum size for string buffer */
+#if !defined(LUA_MINBUFFER)
+#define LUA_MINBUFFER	32
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum depth for nested C calls, syntactical nested non-terminals,
+** and other features implemented through recursion in C. (Value must
+** fit in a 16-bit unsigned integer. It must also be compatible with
+** the size of the C stack.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS		200
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** macros that are executed whenever program enters the Lua core
+** ('lua_lock') and leaves the core ('lua_unlock')
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_lock)
+#define lua_lock(L)	((void) 0)
+#define lua_unlock(L)	((void) 0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** macro executed during Lua functions at points where the
+** function can yield.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_threadyield)
+#define luai_threadyield(L)	{lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** these macros allow user-specific actions when a thread is
+** created/deleted/resumed/yielded.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_userstateopen)
+#define luai_userstateopen(L)		((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateclose)
+#define luai_userstateclose(L)		((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatethread)
+#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatefree)
+#define luai_userstatefree(L,L1)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateresume)
+#define luai_userstateresume(L,n)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateyield)
+#define luai_userstateyield(L,n)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers.
+*/
+
+/* floor division (defined as 'floor(a/b)') */
+#if !defined(luai_numidiv)
+#define luai_numidiv(L,a,b)     ((void)L, l_floor(luai_numdiv(L,a,b)))
+#endif
+
+/* float division */
+#if !defined(luai_numdiv)
+#define luai_numdiv(L,a,b)      ((a)/(b))
+#endif
+
+/*
+** modulo: defined as 'a - floor(a/b)*b'; the direct computation
+** using this definition has several problems with rounding errors,
+** so it is better to use 'fmod'. 'fmod' gives the result of
+** 'a - trunc(a/b)*b', and therefore must be corrected when
+** 'trunc(a/b) ~= floor(a/b)'. That happens when the division has a
+** non-integer negative result: non-integer result is equivalent to
+** a non-zero remainder 'm'; negative result is equivalent to 'a' and
+** 'b' with different signs, or 'm' and 'b' with different signs
+** (as the result 'm' of 'fmod' has the same sign of 'a').
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_nummod)
+#define luai_nummod(L,a,b,m)  \
+  { (void)L; (m) = l_mathop(fmod)(a,b); \
+    if (((m) > 0) ? (b) < 0 : ((m) < 0 && (b) > 0)) (m) += (b); }
+#endif
+
+/* exponentiation */
+#if !defined(luai_numpow)
+#define luai_numpow(L,a,b)  \
+  ((void)L, (b == 2) ? (a)*(a) : l_mathop(pow)(a,b))
+#endif
+
+/* the others are quite standard operations */
+#if !defined(luai_numadd)
+#define luai_numadd(L,a,b)      ((a)+(b))
+#define luai_numsub(L,a,b)      ((a)-(b))
+#define luai_nummul(L,a,b)      ((a)*(b))
+#define luai_numunm(L,a)        (-(a))
+#define luai_numeq(a,b)         ((a)==(b))
+#define luai_numlt(a,b)         ((a)<(b))
+#define luai_numle(a,b)         ((a)<=(b))
+#define luai_numgt(a,b)         ((a)>(b))
+#define luai_numge(a,b)         ((a)>=(b))
+#define luai_numisnan(a)        (!luai_numeq((a), (a)))
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation
+*/
+#if !defined(HARDSTACKTESTS)
+#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
+#else
+/* realloc stack keeping its size */
+#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)  \
+  { int sz_ = stacksize(L); pre; luaD_reallocstack((L), sz_, 0); pos; }
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
+#else
+#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos)  \
+	{ if (gcrunning(G(L))) { pre; luaC_fullgc(L, 0); pos; } }
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmathlib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmathlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0b1e1e5d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmathlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmathlib.c $
+** Standard mathematical library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lmathlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#undef PI
+#define PI	(l_mathop(3.141592653589793238462643383279502884))
+
+
+static int math_abs (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1)) {
+    lua_Integer n = lua_tointeger(L, 1);
+    if (n < 0) n = (lua_Integer)(0u - (lua_Unsigned)n);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  }
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(fabs)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sin (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_cos (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tan (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_asin (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(asin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_acos (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(acos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_atan (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number y = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  lua_Number x = luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 1);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(atan2)(y, x));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_toint (lua_State *L) {
+  int valid;
+  lua_Integer n = lua_tointegerx(L, 1, &valid);
+  if (l_likely(valid))
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  else {
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* value is not convertible to integer */
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void pushnumint (lua_State *L, lua_Number d) {
+  lua_Integer n;
+  if (lua_numbertointeger(d, &n))  /* does 'd' fit in an integer? */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* result is integer */
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, d);  /* result is float */
+}
+
+
+static int math_floor (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1))
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* integer is its own floor */
+  else {
+    lua_Number d = l_mathop(floor)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1));
+    pushnumint(L, d);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1))
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* integer is its own ceil */
+  else {
+    lua_Number d = l_mathop(ceil)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1));
+    pushnumint(L, d);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_fmod (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1) && lua_isinteger(L, 2)) {
+    lua_Integer d = lua_tointeger(L, 2);
+    if ((lua_Unsigned)d + 1u <= 1u) {  /* special cases: -1 or 0 */
+      luaL_argcheck(L, d != 0, 2, "zero");
+      lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* avoid overflow with 0x80000... / -1 */
+    }
+    else
+      lua_pushinteger(L, lua_tointeger(L, 1) % d);
+  }
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(fmod)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
+                                     luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** next function does not use 'modf', avoiding problems with 'double*'
+** (which is not compatible with 'float*') when lua_Number is not
+** 'double'.
+*/
+static int math_modf (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L ,1)) {
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* number is its own integer part */
+    lua_pushnumber(L, 0);  /* no fractional part */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+    /* integer part (rounds toward zero) */
+    lua_Number ip = (n < 0) ? l_mathop(ceil)(n) : l_mathop(floor)(n);
+    pushnumint(L, ip);
+    /* fractional part (test needed for inf/-inf) */
+    lua_pushnumber(L, (n == ip) ? l_mathop(0.0) : (n - ip));
+  }
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int math_sqrt (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sqrt)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_ult (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer a = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+  lua_Integer b = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, (lua_Unsigned)a < (lua_Unsigned)b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  lua_Number res;
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))
+    res = l_mathop(log)(x);
+  else {
+    lua_Number base = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+    if (base == l_mathop(2.0))
+      res = l_mathop(log2)(x);
+    else
+#endif
+    if (base == l_mathop(10.0))
+      res = l_mathop(log10)(x);
+    else
+      res = l_mathop(log)(x)/l_mathop(log)(base);
+  }
+  lua_pushnumber(L, res);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_exp (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(exp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_deg (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1) * (l_mathop(180.0) / PI));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_rad (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1) * (PI / l_mathop(180.0)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_min (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int imin = 1;  /* index of current minimum value */
+  int i;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 1, 1, "value expected");
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+    if (lua_compare(L, i, imin, LUA_OPLT))
+      imin = i;
+  }
+  lua_pushvalue(L, imin);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_max (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int imax = 1;  /* index of current maximum value */
+  int i;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 1, 1, "value expected");
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+    if (lua_compare(L, imax, i, LUA_OPLT))
+      imax = i;
+  }
+  lua_pushvalue(L, imax);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_type (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+    lua_pushstring(L, (lua_isinteger(L, 1)) ? "integer" : "float");
+  else {
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Pseudo-Random Number Generator based on 'xoshiro256**'.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* number of binary digits in the mantissa of a float */
+#define FIGS	l_floatatt(MANT_DIG)
+
+#if FIGS > 64
+/* there are only 64 random bits; use them all */
+#undef FIGS
+#define FIGS	64
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_RAND32 forces the use of 32-bit integers in the implementation
+** of the PRN generator (mainly for testing).
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_RAND32) && !defined(Rand64)
+
+/* try to find an integer type with at least 64 bits */
+
+#if ((ULONG_MAX >> 31) >> 31) >= 3
+
+/* 'long' has at least 64 bits */
+#define Rand64		unsigned long
+
+#elif !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(LLONG_MAX)
+
+/* there is a 'long long' type (which must have at least 64 bits) */
+#define Rand64		unsigned long long
+
+#elif ((LUA_MAXUNSIGNED >> 31) >> 31) >= 3
+
+/* 'lua_Unsigned' has at least 64 bits */
+#define Rand64		lua_Unsigned
+
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(Rand64)  /* { */
+
+/*
+** Standard implementation, using 64-bit integers.
+** If 'Rand64' has more than 64 bits, the extra bits do not interfere
+** with the 64 initial bits, except in a right shift. Moreover, the
+** final result has to discard the extra bits.
+*/
+
+/* avoid using extra bits when needed */
+#define trim64(x)	((x) & 0xffffffffffffffffu)
+
+
+/* rotate left 'x' by 'n' bits */
+static Rand64 rotl (Rand64 x, int n) {
+  return (x << n) | (trim64(x) >> (64 - n));
+}
+
+static Rand64 nextrand (Rand64 *state) {
+  Rand64 state0 = state[0];
+  Rand64 state1 = state[1];
+  Rand64 state2 = state[2] ^ state0;
+  Rand64 state3 = state[3] ^ state1;
+  Rand64 res = rotl(state1 * 5, 7) * 9;
+  state[0] = state0 ^ state3;
+  state[1] = state1 ^ state2;
+  state[2] = state2 ^ (state1 << 17);
+  state[3] = rotl(state3, 45);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/* must take care to not shift stuff by more than 63 slots */
+
+
+/*
+** Convert bits from a random integer into a float in the
+** interval [0,1), getting the higher FIG bits from the
+** random unsigned integer and converting that to a float.
+*/
+
+/* must throw out the extra (64 - FIGS) bits */
+#define shift64_FIG	(64 - FIGS)
+
+/* to scale to [0, 1), multiply by scaleFIG = 2^(-FIGS) */
+#define scaleFIG	(l_mathop(0.5) / ((Rand64)1 << (FIGS - 1)))
+
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  return (lua_Number)(trim64(x) >> shift64_FIG) * scaleFIG;
+}
+
+/* convert a 'Rand64' to a 'lua_Unsigned' */
+#define I2UInt(x)	((lua_Unsigned)trim64(x))
+
+/* convert a 'lua_Unsigned' to a 'Rand64' */
+#define Int2I(x)	((Rand64)(x))
+
+
+#else	/* no 'Rand64'   }{ */
+
+/* get an integer with at least 32 bits */
+#if LUAI_IS32INT
+typedef unsigned int lu_int32;
+#else
+typedef unsigned long lu_int32;
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Use two 32-bit integers to represent a 64-bit quantity.
+*/
+typedef struct Rand64 {
+  lu_int32 h;  /* higher half */
+  lu_int32 l;  /* lower half */
+} Rand64;
+
+
+/*
+** If 'lu_int32' has more than 32 bits, the extra bits do not interfere
+** with the 32 initial bits, except in a right shift and comparisons.
+** Moreover, the final result has to discard the extra bits.
+*/
+
+/* avoid using extra bits when needed */
+#define trim32(x)	((x) & 0xffffffffu)
+
+
+/*
+** basic operations on 'Rand64' values
+*/
+
+/* build a new Rand64 value */
+static Rand64 packI (lu_int32 h, lu_int32 l) {
+  Rand64 result;
+  result.h = h;
+  result.l = l;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* return i << n */
+static Rand64 Ishl (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 0 && n < 32);
+  return packI((i.h << n) | (trim32(i.l) >> (32 - n)), i.l << n);
+}
+
+/* i1 ^= i2 */
+static void Ixor (Rand64 *i1, Rand64 i2) {
+  i1->h ^= i2.h;
+  i1->l ^= i2.l;
+}
+
+/* return i1 + i2 */
+static Rand64 Iadd (Rand64 i1, Rand64 i2) {
+  Rand64 result = packI(i1.h + i2.h, i1.l + i2.l);
+  if (trim32(result.l) < trim32(i1.l))  /* carry? */
+    result.h++;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* return i * 5 */
+static Rand64 times5 (Rand64 i) {
+  return Iadd(Ishl(i, 2), i);  /* i * 5 == (i << 2) + i */
+}
+
+/* return i * 9 */
+static Rand64 times9 (Rand64 i) {
+  return Iadd(Ishl(i, 3), i);  /* i * 9 == (i << 3) + i */
+}
+
+/* return 'i' rotated left 'n' bits */
+static Rand64 rotl (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 0 && n < 32);
+  return packI((i.h << n) | (trim32(i.l) >> (32 - n)),
+               (trim32(i.h) >> (32 - n)) | (i.l << n));
+}
+
+/* for offsets larger than 32, rotate right by 64 - offset */
+static Rand64 rotl1 (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 32 && n < 64);
+  n = 64 - n;
+  return packI((trim32(i.h) >> n) | (i.l << (32 - n)),
+               (i.h << (32 - n)) | (trim32(i.l) >> n));
+}
+
+/*
+** implementation of 'xoshiro256**' algorithm on 'Rand64' values
+*/
+static Rand64 nextrand (Rand64 *state) {
+  Rand64 res = times9(rotl(times5(state[1]), 7));
+  Rand64 t = Ishl(state[1], 17);
+  Ixor(&state[2], state[0]);
+  Ixor(&state[3], state[1]);
+  Ixor(&state[1], state[2]);
+  Ixor(&state[0], state[3]);
+  Ixor(&state[2], t);
+  state[3] = rotl1(state[3], 45);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Converts a 'Rand64' into a float.
+*/
+
+/* an unsigned 1 with proper type */
+#define UONE		((lu_int32)1)
+
+
+#if FIGS <= 32
+
+/* 2^(-FIGS) */
+#define scaleFIG       (l_mathop(0.5) / (UONE << (FIGS - 1)))
+
+/*
+** get up to 32 bits from higher half, shifting right to
+** throw out the extra bits.
+*/
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  lua_Number h = (lua_Number)(trim32(x.h) >> (32 - FIGS));
+  return h * scaleFIG;
+}
+
+#else	/* 32 < FIGS <= 64 */
+
+/* must take care to not shift stuff by more than 31 slots */
+
+/* 2^(-FIGS) = 1.0 / 2^30 / 2^3 / 2^(FIGS-33) */
+#define scaleFIG  \
+    (l_mathop(1.0) / (UONE << 30) / l_mathop(8.0) / (UONE << (FIGS - 33)))
+
+/*
+** use FIGS - 32 bits from lower half, throwing out the other
+** (32 - (FIGS - 32)) = (64 - FIGS) bits
+*/
+#define shiftLOW	(64 - FIGS)
+
+/*
+** higher 32 bits go after those (FIGS - 32) bits: shiftHI = 2^(FIGS - 32)
+*/
+#define shiftHI		((lua_Number)(UONE << (FIGS - 33)) * l_mathop(2.0))
+
+
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  lua_Number h = (lua_Number)trim32(x.h) * shiftHI;
+  lua_Number l = (lua_Number)(trim32(x.l) >> shiftLOW);
+  return (h + l) * scaleFIG;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/* convert a 'Rand64' to a 'lua_Unsigned' */
+static lua_Unsigned I2UInt (Rand64 x) {
+  return (((lua_Unsigned)trim32(x.h) << 31) << 1) | (lua_Unsigned)trim32(x.l);
+}
+
+/* convert a 'lua_Unsigned' to a 'Rand64' */
+static Rand64 Int2I (lua_Unsigned n) {
+  return packI((lu_int32)((n >> 31) >> 1), (lu_int32)n);
+}
+
+#endif  /* } */
+
+
+/*
+** A state uses four 'Rand64' values.
+*/
+typedef struct {
+  Rand64 s[4];
+} RanState;
+
+
+/*
+** Project the random integer 'ran' into the interval [0, n].
+** Because 'ran' has 2^B possible values, the projection can only be
+** uniform when the size of the interval is a power of 2 (exact
+** division). Otherwise, to get a uniform projection into [0, n], we
+** first compute 'lim', the smallest Mersenne number not smaller than
+** 'n'. We then project 'ran' into the interval [0, lim].  If the result
+** is inside [0, n], we are done. Otherwise, we try with another 'ran',
+** until we have a result inside the interval.
+*/
+static lua_Unsigned project (lua_Unsigned ran, lua_Unsigned n,
+                             RanState *state) {
+  if ((n & (n + 1)) == 0)  /* is 'n + 1' a power of 2? */
+    return ran & n;  /* no bias */
+  else {
+    lua_Unsigned lim = n;
+    /* compute the smallest (2^b - 1) not smaller than 'n' */
+    lim |= (lim >> 1);
+    lim |= (lim >> 2);
+    lim |= (lim >> 4);
+    lim |= (lim >> 8);
+    lim |= (lim >> 16);
+#if (LUA_MAXUNSIGNED >> 31) >= 3
+    lim |= (lim >> 32);  /* integer type has more than 32 bits */
+#endif
+    lua_assert((lim & (lim + 1)) == 0  /* 'lim + 1' is a power of 2, */
+      && lim >= n  /* not smaller than 'n', */
+      && (lim >> 1) < n);  /* and it is the smallest one */
+    while ((ran &= lim) > n)  /* project 'ran' into [0..lim] */
+      ran = I2UInt(nextrand(state->s));  /* not inside [0..n]? try again */
+    return ran;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int math_random (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer low, up;
+  lua_Unsigned p;
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  Rand64 rv = nextrand(state->s);  /* next pseudo-random value */
+  switch (lua_gettop(L)) {  /* check number of arguments */
+    case 0: {  /* no arguments */
+      lua_pushnumber(L, I2d(rv));  /* float between 0 and 1 */
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case 1: {  /* only upper limit */
+      low = 1;
+      up = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+      if (up == 0) {  /* single 0 as argument? */
+        lua_pushinteger(L, I2UInt(rv));  /* full random integer */
+        return 1;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 2: {  /* lower and upper limits */
+      low = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+      up = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments");
+  }
+  /* random integer in the interval [low, up] */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, low <= up, 1, "interval is empty");
+  /* project random integer into the interval [0, up - low] */
+  p = project(I2UInt(rv), (lua_Unsigned)up - (lua_Unsigned)low, state);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, p + (lua_Unsigned)low);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void setseed (lua_State *L, Rand64 *state,
+                     lua_Unsigned n1, lua_Unsigned n2) {
+  int i;
+  state[0] = Int2I(n1);
+  state[1] = Int2I(0xff);  /* avoid a zero state */
+  state[2] = Int2I(n2);
+  state[3] = Int2I(0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+    nextrand(state);  /* discard initial values to "spread" seed */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n1);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set a "random" seed. To get some randomness, use the current time
+** and the address of 'L' (in case the machine does address space layout
+** randomization).
+*/
+static void randseed (lua_State *L, RanState *state) {
+  lua_Unsigned seed1 = (lua_Unsigned)time(NULL);
+  lua_Unsigned seed2 = (lua_Unsigned)(size_t)L;
+  setseed(L, state->s, seed1, seed2);
+}
+
+
+static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) {
+    randseed(L, state);
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Integer n1 = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+    lua_Integer n2 = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+    setseed(L, state->s, n1, n2);
+  }
+  return 2;  /* return seeds */
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg randfuncs[] = {
+  {"random", math_random},
+  {"randomseed", math_randomseed},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Register the random functions and initialize their state.
+*/
+static void setrandfunc (lua_State *L) {
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(RanState), 0);
+  randseed(L, state);  /* initialize with a "random" seed */
+  lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove pushed seeds */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, randfuncs, 1);
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Deprecated functions (for compatibility only)
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB)
+
+static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cosh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sinh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tanh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  lua_Number y = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(pow)(x, y));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {
+  int e;
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(frexp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e));
+  lua_pushinteger(L, e);
+  return 2;
+}
+
+static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  int ep = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(ldexp)(x, ep));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(log10)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+#endif
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {
+  {"abs",   math_abs},
+  {"acos",  math_acos},
+  {"asin",  math_asin},
+  {"atan",  math_atan},
+  {"ceil",  math_ceil},
+  {"cos",   math_cos},
+  {"deg",   math_deg},
+  {"exp",   math_exp},
+  {"tointeger", math_toint},
+  {"floor", math_floor},
+  {"fmod",   math_fmod},
+  {"ult",   math_ult},
+  {"log",   math_log},
+  {"max",   math_max},
+  {"min",   math_min},
+  {"modf",   math_modf},
+  {"rad",   math_rad},
+  {"sin",   math_sin},
+  {"sqrt",  math_sqrt},
+  {"tan",   math_tan},
+  {"type", math_type},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB)
+  {"atan2", math_atan},
+  {"cosh",   math_cosh},
+  {"sinh",   math_sinh},
+  {"tanh",   math_tanh},
+  {"pow",   math_pow},
+  {"frexp", math_frexp},
+  {"ldexp", math_ldexp},
+  {"log10", math_log10},
+#endif
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"random", NULL},
+  {"randomseed", NULL},
+  {"pi", NULL},
+  {"huge", NULL},
+  {"maxinteger", NULL},
+  {"mininteger", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Open math library
+*/
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_math (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, mathlib);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, PI);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "pi");
+  lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)HUGE_VAL);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "huge");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, LUA_MAXINTEGER);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "maxinteger");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, LUA_MININTEGER);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "mininteger");
+  setrandfunc(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmem.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmem.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9800a86fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.c $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lmem_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** About the realloc function:
+** void *frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+** ('osize' is the old size, 'nsize' is the new size)
+**
+** - frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block 'p' and returns NULL.
+** Particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing,
+** which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ISO C.
+**
+** - frealloc(ud, NULL, x, s) creates a new block of size 's'
+** (no matter 'x'). Returns NULL if it cannot create the new block.
+**
+** - otherwise, frealloc(ud, b, x, y) reallocates the block 'b' from
+** size 'x' to size 'y'. Returns NULL if it cannot reallocate the
+** block to the new size.
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Macro to call the allocation function.
+*/
+#define callfrealloc(g,block,os,ns)    ((*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, os, ns))
+
+
+/*
+** When an allocation fails, it will try again after an emergency
+** collection, except when it cannot run a collection.  The GC should
+** not be called while the state is not fully built, as the collector
+** is not yet fully initialized. Also, it should not be called when
+** 'gcstopem' is true, because then the interpreter is in the middle of
+** a collection step.
+*/
+#define cantryagain(g)	(completestate(g) && !g->gcstopem)
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(EMERGENCYGCTESTS)
+/*
+** First allocation will fail except when freeing a block (frees never
+** fail) and when it cannot try again; this fail will trigger 'tryagain'
+** and a full GC cycle at every allocation.
+*/
+static void *firsttry (global_State *g, void *block, size_t os, size_t ns) {
+  if (ns > 0 && cantryagain(g))
+    return NULL;  /* fail */
+  else  /* normal allocation */
+    return callfrealloc(g, block, os, ns);
+}
+#else
+#define firsttry(g,block,os,ns)    callfrealloc(g, block, os, ns)
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Functions to allocate/deallocate arrays for the Parser
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Minimum size for arrays during parsing, to avoid overhead of
+** reallocating to size 1, then 2, and then 4. All these arrays
+** will be reallocated to exact sizes or erased when parsing ends.
+*/
+#define MINSIZEARRAY	4
+
+
+void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems, int *psize,
+                     int size_elems, int limit, const char *what) {
+  void *newblock;
+  int size = *psize;
+  if (nelems + 1 <= size)  /* does one extra element still fit? */
+    return block;  /* nothing to be done */
+  if (size >= limit / 2) {  /* cannot double it? */
+    if (l_unlikely(size >= limit))  /* cannot grow even a little? */
+      luaG_runerror(L, "too many %s (limit is %d)", what, limit);
+    size = limit;  /* still have at least one free place */
+  }
+  else {
+    size *= 2;
+    if (size < MINSIZEARRAY)
+      size = MINSIZEARRAY;  /* minimum size */
+  }
+  lua_assert(nelems + 1 <= size && size <= limit);
+  /* 'limit' ensures that multiplication will not overflow */
+  newblock = luaM_saferealloc_(L, block, cast_sizet(*psize) * size_elems,
+                                         cast_sizet(size) * size_elems);
+  *psize = size;  /* update only when everything else is OK */
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** In prototypes, the size of the array is also its number of
+** elements (to save memory). So, if it cannot shrink an array
+** to its number of elements, the only option is to raise an
+** error.
+*/
+void *luaM_shrinkvector_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
+                          int final_n, int size_elem) {
+  void *newblock;
+  size_t oldsize = cast_sizet((*size) * size_elem);
+  size_t newsize = cast_sizet(final_n * size_elem);
+  lua_assert(newsize <= oldsize);
+  newblock = luaM_saferealloc_(L, block, oldsize, newsize);
+  *size = final_n;
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L) {
+  luaG_runerror(L, "memory allocation error: block too big");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free memory
+*/
+void luaM_free_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+  callfrealloc(g, block, osize, 0);
+  g->GCdebt -= osize;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** In case of allocation fail, this function will do an emergency
+** collection to free some memory and then try the allocation again.
+*/
+static void *tryagain (lua_State *L, void *block,
+                       size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (cantryagain(g)) {
+    luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* try to free some memory... */
+    return callfrealloc(g, block, osize, nsize);  /* try again */
+  }
+  else return NULL;  /* cannot run an emergency collection */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generic allocation routine.
+*/
+void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  void *newblock;
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+  newblock = firsttry(g, block, osize, nsize);
+  if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL && nsize > 0)) {
+    newblock = tryagain(L, block, osize, nsize);
+    if (newblock == NULL)  /* still no memory? */
+      return NULL;  /* do not update 'GCdebt' */
+  }
+  lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (newblock == NULL));
+  g->GCdebt = (g->GCdebt + nsize) - osize;
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+
+void *luaM_saferealloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize,
+                                                    size_t nsize) {
+  void *newblock = luaM_realloc_(L, block, osize, nsize);
+  if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL && nsize > 0))  /* allocation failed? */
+    luaM_error(L);
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+
+void *luaM_malloc_ (lua_State *L, size_t size, int tag) {
+  if (size == 0)
+    return NULL;  /* that's all */
+  else {
+    global_State *g = G(L);
+    void *newblock = firsttry(g, NULL, tag, size);
+    if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL)) {
+      newblock = tryagain(L, NULL, tag, size);
+      if (newblock == NULL)
+        luaM_error(L);
+    }
+    g->GCdebt += size;
+    return newblock;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmem.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c75a44beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lmem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.h $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lmem_h
+#define lmem_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+#define luaM_error(L)	luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM)
+
+
+/*
+** This macro tests whether it is safe to multiply 'n' by the size of
+** type 't' without overflows. Because 'e' is always constant, it avoids
+** the runtime division MAX_SIZET/(e).
+** (The macro is somewhat complex to avoid warnings:  The 'sizeof'
+** comparison avoids a runtime comparison when overflow cannot occur.
+** The compiler should be able to optimize the real test by itself, but
+** when it does it, it may give a warning about "comparison is always
+** false due to limited range of data type"; the +1 tricks the compiler,
+** avoiding this warning but also this optimization.)
+*/
+#define luaM_testsize(n,e)  \
+	(sizeof(n) >= sizeof(size_t) && cast_sizet((n)) + 1 > MAX_SIZET/(e))
+
+#define luaM_checksize(L,n,e)  \
+	(luaM_testsize(n,e) ? luaM_toobig(L) : cast_void(0))
+
+
+/*
+** Computes the minimum between 'n' and 'MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t)', so that
+** the result is not larger than 'n' and cannot overflow a 'size_t'
+** when multiplied by the size of type 't'. (Assumes that 'n' is an
+** 'int' or 'unsigned int' and that 'int' is not larger than 'size_t'.)
+*/
+#define luaM_limitN(n,t)  \
+  ((cast_sizet(n) <= MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t)) ? (n) :  \
+     cast_uint((MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t))))
+
+
+/*
+** Arrays of chars do not need any test
+*/
+#define luaM_reallocvchar(L,b,on,n)  \
+  cast_charp(luaM_saferealloc_(L, (b), (on)*sizeof(char), (n)*sizeof(char)))
+
+#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s)	luaM_free_(L, (b), (s))
+#define luaM_free(L, b)		luaM_free_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)))
+#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n)   luaM_free_(L, (b), (n)*sizeof(*(b)))
+
+#define luaM_new(L,t)		cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, sizeof(t), 0))
+#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t)	cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, (n)*sizeof(t), 0))
+#define luaM_newvectorchecked(L,n,t) \
+  (luaM_checksize(L,n,sizeof(t)), luaM_newvector(L,n,t))
+
+#define luaM_newobject(L,tag,s)	luaM_malloc_(L, (s), tag)
+
+#define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \
+	((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,nelems,&(size),sizeof(t), \
+                         luaM_limitN(limit,t),e)))
+
+#define luaM_reallocvector(L, v,oldn,n,t) \
+   (cast(t *, luaM_realloc_(L, v, cast_sizet(oldn) * sizeof(t), \
+                                  cast_sizet(n) * sizeof(t))))
+
+#define luaM_shrinkvector(L,v,size,fs,t) \
+   ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_shrinkvector_(L, v, &(size), fs, sizeof(t))))
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L);
+
+/* not to be called directly */
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+                                                          size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_saferealloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+                                                              size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaM_free_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems,
+                               int *size, int size_elem, int limit,
+                               const char *what);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_shrinkvector_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *nelem,
+                                    int final_n, int size_elem);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_malloc_ (lua_State *L, size_t size, int tag);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/loadlib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/loadlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d792dffaa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/loadlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+/*
+** $Id: loadlib.c $
+** Dynamic library loader for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+**
+** This module contains an implementation of loadlib for Unix systems
+** that have dlfcn, an implementation for Windows, and a stub for other
+** systems.
+*/
+
+#define loadlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_IGMARK is a mark to ignore all before it when building the
+** luaopen_ function name.
+*/
+#if !defined (LUA_IGMARK)
+#define LUA_IGMARK		"-"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_CSUBSEP is the character that replaces dots in submodule names
+** when searching for a C loader.
+** LUA_LSUBSEP is the character that replaces dots in submodule names
+** when searching for a Lua loader.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_CSUBSEP)
+#define LUA_CSUBSEP		LUA_DIRSEP
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_LSUBSEP)
+#define LUA_LSUBSEP		LUA_DIRSEP
+#endif
+
+
+/* prefix for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_POF		"luaopen_"
+
+/* separator for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_OFSEP	"_"
+
+
+/*
+** key for table in the registry that keeps handles
+** for all loaded C libraries
+*/
+static const char *const CLIBS = "_CLIBS";
+
+#define LIB_FAIL	"open"
+
+
+#define setprogdir(L)           ((void)0)
+
+
+/*
+** Special type equivalent to '(void*)' for functions in gcc
+** (to suppress warnings when converting function pointers)
+*/
+typedef void (*voidf)(void);
+
+
+/*
+** system-dependent functions
+*/
+
+/*
+** unload library 'lib'
+*/
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib);
+
+/*
+** load C library in file 'path'. If 'seeglb', load with all names in
+** the library global.
+** Returns the library; in case of error, returns NULL plus an
+** error string in the stack.
+*/
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb);
+
+/*
+** Try to find a function named 'sym' in library 'lib'.
+** Returns the function; in case of error, returns NULL plus an
+** error string in the stack.
+*/
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)	/* { */
+/*
+** {========================================================================
+** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface.
+** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD,
+** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and  probably most other Unix flavors, at least
+** as an emulation layer on top of native functions.
+** =========================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+/*
+** Macro to convert pointer-to-void* to pointer-to-function. This cast
+** is undefined according to ISO C, but POSIX assumes that it works.
+** (The '__extension__' in gnu compilers is only to avoid warnings.)
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define cast_func(p) (__extension__ (lua_CFunction)(p))
+#else
+#define cast_func(p) ((lua_CFunction)(p))
+#endif
+
+
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+  dlclose(lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+  void *lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW | (seeglb ? RTLD_GLOBAL : RTLD_LOCAL));
+  if (l_unlikely(lib == NULL))
+    lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+  return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+  lua_CFunction f = cast_func(dlsym(lib, sym));
+  if (l_unlikely(f == NULL))
+    lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+  return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL)	/* }{ */
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** This is an implementation of loadlib for Windows using native functions.
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+
+/*
+** optional flags for LoadLibraryEx
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_LLE_FLAGS)
+#define LUA_LLE_FLAGS	0
+#endif
+
+
+#undef setprogdir
+
+
+/*
+** Replace in the path (on the top of the stack) any occurrence
+** of LUA_EXEC_DIR with the executable's path.
+*/
+static void setprogdir (lua_State *L) {
+  char buff[MAX_PATH + 1];
+  char *lb;
+  DWORD nsize = sizeof(buff)/sizeof(char);
+  DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buff, nsize);  /* get exec. name */
+  if (n == 0 || n == nsize || (lb = strrchr(buff, '\\')) == NULL)
+    luaL_error(L, "unable to get ModuleFileName");
+  else {
+    *lb = '\0';  /* cut name on the last '\\' to get the path */
+    luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_EXEC_DIR, buff);
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove original string */
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+
+static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {
+  int error = GetLastError();
+  char buffer[128];
+  if (FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
+      NULL, error, 0, buffer, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(char), NULL))
+    lua_pushstring(L, buffer);
+  else
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "system error %d\n", error);
+}
+
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+  FreeLibrary((HMODULE)lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+  HMODULE lib = LoadLibraryExA(path, NULL, LUA_LLE_FLAGS);
+  (void)(seeglb);  /* not used: symbols are 'global' by default */
+  if (lib == NULL) pusherror(L);
+  return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+  lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)(voidf)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)lib, sym);
+  if (f == NULL) pusherror(L);
+  return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Fallback for other systems
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#undef LIB_FAIL
+#define LIB_FAIL	"absent"
+
+
+#define DLMSG	"dynamic libraries not enabled; check your Lua installation"
+
+
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+  (void)(lib);  /* not used */
+}
+
+
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+  (void)(path); (void)(seeglb);  /* not used */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+  (void)(lib); (void)(sym);  /* not used */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Set Paths
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUA_PATH_VAR and LUA_CPATH_VAR are the names of the environment
+** variables that Lua check to set its paths.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH_VAR)
+#define LUA_PATH_VAR    "LUA_PATH"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH_VAR)
+#define LUA_CPATH_VAR   "LUA_CPATH"
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** return registry.LUA_NOENV as a boolean
+*/
+static int noenv (lua_State *L) {
+  int b;
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
+  b = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
+  return b;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set a path
+*/
+static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname,
+                                   const char *envname,
+                                   const char *dft) {
+  const char *dftmark;
+  const char *nver = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", envname, LUA_VERSUFFIX);
+  const char *path = getenv(nver);  /* try versioned name */
+  if (path == NULL)  /* no versioned environment variable? */
+    path = getenv(envname);  /* try unversioned name */
+  if (path == NULL || noenv(L))  /* no environment variable? */
+    lua_pushstring(L, dft);  /* use default */
+  else if ((dftmark = strstr(path, LUA_PATH_SEP LUA_PATH_SEP)) == NULL)
+    lua_pushstring(L, path);  /* nothing to change */
+  else {  /* path contains a ";;": insert default path in its place */
+    size_t len = strlen(path);
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+    if (path < dftmark) {  /* is there a prefix before ';;'? */
+      luaL_addlstring(&b, path, dftmark - path);  /* add it */
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *LUA_PATH_SEP);
+    }
+    luaL_addstring(&b, dft);  /* add default */
+    if (dftmark < path + len - 2) {  /* is there a suffix after ';;'? */
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *LUA_PATH_SEP);
+      luaL_addlstring(&b, dftmark + 2, (path + len - 2) - dftmark);
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  }
+  setprogdir(L);
+  lua_setfield(L, -3, fieldname);  /* package[fieldname] = path value */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop versioned variable name ('nver') */
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** return registry.CLIBS[path]
+*/
+static void *checkclib (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+  void *plib;
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
+  lua_getfield(L, -1, path);
+  plib = lua_touserdata(L, -1);  /* plib = CLIBS[path] */
+  lua_pop(L, 2);  /* pop CLIBS table and 'plib' */
+  return plib;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** registry.CLIBS[path] = plib        -- for queries
+** registry.CLIBS[#CLIBS + 1] = plib  -- also keep a list of all libraries
+*/
+static void addtoclib (lua_State *L, const char *path, void *plib) {
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
+  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, plib);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+  lua_setfield(L, -3, path);  /* CLIBS[path] = plib */
+  lua_rawseti(L, -2, luaL_len(L, -2) + 1);  /* CLIBS[#CLIBS + 1] = plib */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop CLIBS table */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** __gc tag method for CLIBS table: calls 'lsys_unloadlib' for all lib
+** handles in list CLIBS
+*/
+static int gctm (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer n = luaL_len(L, 1);
+  for (; n >= 1; n--) {  /* for each handle, in reverse order */
+    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, n);  /* get handle CLIBS[n] */
+    lsys_unloadlib(lua_touserdata(L, -1));
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop handle */
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+/* error codes for 'lookforfunc' */
+#define ERRLIB		1
+#define ERRFUNC		2
+
+/*
+** Look for a C function named 'sym' in a dynamically loaded library
+** 'path'.
+** First, check whether the library is already loaded; if not, try
+** to load it.
+** Then, if 'sym' is '*', return true (as library has been loaded).
+** Otherwise, look for symbol 'sym' in the library and push a
+** C function with that symbol.
+** Return 0 and 'true' or a function in the stack; in case of
+** errors, return an error code and an error message in the stack.
+*/
+static int lookforfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {
+  void *reg = checkclib(L, path);  /* check loaded C libraries */
+  if (reg == NULL) {  /* must load library? */
+    reg = lsys_load(L, path, *sym == '*');  /* global symbols if 'sym'=='*' */
+    if (reg == NULL) return ERRLIB;  /* unable to load library */
+    addtoclib(L, path, reg);
+  }
+  if (*sym == '*') {  /* loading only library (no function)? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* return 'true' */
+    return 0;  /* no errors */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_CFunction f = lsys_sym(L, reg, sym);
+    if (f == NULL)
+      return ERRFUNC;  /* unable to find function */
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, f);  /* else create new function */
+    return 0;  /* no errors */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int ll_loadlib (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *path = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *init = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+  int stat = lookforfunc(L, path, init);
+  if (l_likely(stat == 0))  /* no errors? */
+    return 1;  /* return the loaded function */
+  else {  /* error; error message is on stack top */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);
+    lua_pushstring(L, (stat == ERRLIB) ?  LIB_FAIL : "init");
+    return 3;  /* return fail, error message, and where */
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** 'require' function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int readable (const char *filename) {
+  FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");  /* try to open file */
+  if (f == NULL) return 0;  /* open failed */
+  fclose(f);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the next name in '*path' = 'name1;name2;name3;...', changing
+** the ending ';' to '\0' to create a zero-terminated string. Return
+** NULL when list ends.
+*/
+static const char *getnextfilename (char **path, char *end) {
+  char *sep;
+  char *name = *path;
+  if (name == end)
+    return NULL;  /* no more names */
+  else if (*name == '\0') {  /* from previous iteration? */
+    *name = *LUA_PATH_SEP;  /* restore separator */
+    name++;  /* skip it */
+  }
+  sep = strchr(name, *LUA_PATH_SEP);  /* find next separator */
+  if (sep == NULL)  /* separator not found? */
+    sep = end;  /* name goes until the end */
+  *sep = '\0';  /* finish file name */
+  *path = sep;  /* will start next search from here */
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Given a path such as ";blabla.so;blublu.so", pushes the string
+**
+** no file 'blabla.so'
+**	no file 'blublu.so'
+*/
+static void pusherrornotfound (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  luaL_addstring(&b, "no file '");
+  luaL_addgsub(&b, path, LUA_PATH_SEP, "'\n\tno file '");
+  luaL_addstring(&b, "'");
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+}
+
+
+static const char *searchpath (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+                                             const char *path,
+                                             const char *sep,
+                                             const char *dirsep) {
+  luaL_Buffer buff;
+  char *pathname;  /* path with name inserted */
+  char *endpathname;  /* its end */
+  const char *filename;
+  /* separator is non-empty and appears in 'name'? */
+  if (*sep != '\0' && strchr(name, *sep) != NULL)
+    name = luaL_gsub(L, name, sep, dirsep);  /* replace it by 'dirsep' */
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &buff);
+  /* add path to the buffer, replacing marks ('?') with the file name */
+  luaL_addgsub(&buff, path, LUA_PATH_MARK, name);
+  luaL_addchar(&buff, '\0');
+  pathname = luaL_buffaddr(&buff);  /* writable list of file names */
+  endpathname = pathname + luaL_bufflen(&buff) - 1;
+  while ((filename = getnextfilename(&pathname, endpathname)) != NULL) {
+    if (readable(filename))  /* does file exist and is readable? */
+      return lua_pushstring(L, filename);  /* save and return name */
+  }
+  luaL_pushresult(&buff);  /* push path to create error message */
+  pusherrornotfound(L, lua_tostring(L, -1));  /* create error message */
+  return NULL;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int ll_searchpath (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *f = searchpath(L, luaL_checkstring(L, 1),
+                                luaL_checkstring(L, 2),
+                                luaL_optstring(L, 3, "."),
+                                luaL_optstring(L, 4, LUA_DIRSEP));
+  if (f != NULL) return 1;
+  else {  /* error message is on top of the stack */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);
+    return 2;  /* return fail + error message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *findfile (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+                                           const char *pname,
+                                           const char *dirsep) {
+  const char *path;
+  lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), pname);
+  path = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+  if (l_unlikely(path == NULL))
+    luaL_error(L, "'package.%s' must be a string", pname);
+  return searchpath(L, name, path, ".", dirsep);
+}
+
+
+static int checkload (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *filename) {
+  if (l_likely(stat)) {  /* module loaded successfully? */
+    lua_pushstring(L, filename);  /* will be 2nd argument to module */
+    return 2;  /* return open function and file name */
+  }
+  else
+    return luaL_error(L, "error loading module '%s' from file '%s':\n\t%s",
+                          lua_tostring(L, 1), filename, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_Lua (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename;
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  filename = findfile(L, name, "path", LUA_LSUBSEP);
+  if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* module not found in this path */
+  return checkload(L, (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) == LUA_OK), filename);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a load function for module 'modname' at file 'filename'.
+** First, change '.' to '_' in 'modname'; then, if 'modname' has
+** the form X-Y (that is, it has an "ignore mark"), build a function
+** name "luaopen_X" and look for it. (For compatibility, if that
+** fails, it also tries "luaopen_Y".) If there is no ignore mark,
+** look for a function named "luaopen_modname".
+*/
+static int loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *filename, const char *modname) {
+  const char *openfunc;
+  const char *mark;
+  modname = luaL_gsub(L, modname, ".", LUA_OFSEP);
+  mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK);
+  if (mark) {
+    int stat;
+    openfunc = lua_pushlstring(L, modname, mark - modname);
+    openfunc = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", openfunc);
+    stat = lookforfunc(L, filename, openfunc);
+    if (stat != ERRFUNC) return stat;
+    modname = mark + 1;  /* else go ahead and try old-style name */
+  }
+  openfunc = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", modname);
+  return lookforfunc(L, filename, openfunc);
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_C (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *filename = findfile(L, name, "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);
+  if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* module not found in this path */
+  return checkload(L, (loadfunc(L, filename, name) == 0), filename);
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_Croot (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename;
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *p = strchr(name, '.');
+  int stat;
+  if (p == NULL) return 0;  /* is root */
+  lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name);
+  filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);
+  if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* root not found */
+  if ((stat = loadfunc(L, filename, name)) != 0) {
+    if (stat != ERRFUNC)
+      return checkload(L, 0, filename);  /* real error */
+    else {  /* open function not found */
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "no module '%s' in file '%s'", name, filename);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  lua_pushstring(L, filename);  /* will be 2nd argument to module */
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_preload (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
+  if (lua_getfield(L, -1, name) == LUA_TNIL) {  /* not found? */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "no field package.preload['%s']", name);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushliteral(L, ":preload:");
+    return 2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  int i;
+  luaL_Buffer msg;  /* to build error message */
+  /* push 'package.searchers' to index 3 in the stack */
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), "searchers")
+                 != LUA_TTABLE))
+    luaL_error(L, "'package.searchers' must be a table");
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);
+  /*  iterate over available searchers to find a loader */
+  for (i = 1; ; i++) {
+    luaL_addstring(&msg, "\n\t");  /* error-message prefix */
+    if (l_unlikely(lua_rawgeti(L, 3, i) == LUA_TNIL)) {  /* no more searchers? */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove nil */
+      luaL_buffsub(&msg, 2);  /* remove prefix */
+      luaL_pushresult(&msg);  /* create error message */
+      luaL_error(L, "module '%s' not found:%s", name, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+    }
+    lua_pushstring(L, name);
+    lua_call(L, 1, 2);  /* call it */
+    if (lua_isfunction(L, -2))  /* did it find a loader? */
+      return;  /* module loader found */
+    else if (lua_isstring(L, -2)) {  /* searcher returned error message? */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove extra return */
+      luaL_addvalue(&msg);  /* concatenate error message */
+    }
+    else {  /* no error message */
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both returns */
+      luaL_buffsub(&msg, 2);  /* remove prefix */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int ll_require (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  lua_settop(L, 1);  /* LOADED table will be at index 2 */
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  lua_getfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] */
+  if (lua_toboolean(L, -1))  /* is it there? */
+    return 1;  /* package is already loaded */
+  /* else must load package */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove 'getfield' result */
+  findloader(L, name);
+  lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* function <-> loader data */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* name is 1st argument to module loader */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -3);  /* loader data is 2nd argument */
+  /* stack: ...; loader data; loader function; mod. name; loader data */
+  lua_call(L, 2, 1);  /* run loader to load module */
+  /* stack: ...; loader data; result from loader */
+  if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))  /* non-nil return? */
+    lua_setfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] = returned value */
+  else
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop nil */
+  if (lua_getfield(L, 2, name) == LUA_TNIL) {   /* module set no value? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* use true as result */
+    lua_copy(L, -1, -2);  /* replace loader result */
+    lua_setfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] = true */
+  }
+  lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* loader data <-> module result  */
+  return 2;  /* return module result and loader data */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg pk_funcs[] = {
+  {"loadlib", ll_loadlib},
+  {"searchpath", ll_searchpath},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"preload", NULL},
+  {"cpath", NULL},
+  {"path", NULL},
+  {"searchers", NULL},
+  {"loaded", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg ll_funcs[] = {
+  {"require", ll_require},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createsearcherstable (lua_State *L) {
+  static const lua_CFunction searchers[] = {
+    searcher_preload,
+    searcher_Lua,
+    searcher_C,
+    searcher_Croot,
+    NULL
+  };
+  int i;
+  /* create 'searchers' table */
+  lua_createtable(L, sizeof(searchers)/sizeof(searchers[0]) - 1, 0);
+  /* fill it with predefined searchers */
+  for (i=0; searchers[i] != NULL; i++) {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* set 'package' as upvalue for all searchers */
+    lua_pushcclosure(L, searchers[i], 1);
+    lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1);
+  }
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "searchers");  /* put it in field 'searchers' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create table CLIBS to keep track of loaded C libraries,
+** setting a finalizer to close all libraries when closing state.
+*/
+static void createclibstable (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);  /* create CLIBS table */
+  lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);  /* create metatable for CLIBS */
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");  /* set finalizer for CLIBS table */
+  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+}
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) {
+  createclibstable(L);
+  luaL_newlib(L, pk_funcs);  /* create 'package' table */
+  createsearcherstable(L);
+  /* set paths */
+  setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATH_VAR, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT);
+  setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATH_VAR, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT);
+  /* store config information */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_DIRSEP "\n" LUA_PATH_SEP "\n" LUA_PATH_MARK "\n"
+                     LUA_EXEC_DIR "\n" LUA_IGMARK "\n");
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "config");
+  /* set field 'loaded' */
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded");
+  /* set field 'preload' */
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "preload");
+  lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* set 'package' as upvalue for next lib */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, ll_funcs, 1);  /* open lib into global table */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop global table */
+  return 1;  /* return 'package' table */
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lobject.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lobject.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f73ffc6d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lobject.c
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.c $
+** Some generic functions over Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lobject_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Computes ceil(log2(x))
+*/
+int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
+  static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {  /* log_2[i] = ceil(log2(i - 1)) */
+    0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
+    6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8
+  };
+  int l = 0;
+  x--;
+  while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; }
+  return l + log_2[x];
+}
+
+
+static lua_Integer intarith (lua_State *L, int op, lua_Integer v1,
+                                                   lua_Integer v2) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPADD: return intop(+, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSUB:return intop(-, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMUL:return intop(*, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMOD: return luaV_mod(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPIDIV: return luaV_idiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBAND: return intop(&, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBOR: return intop(|, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBXOR: return intop(^, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSHL: return luaV_shiftl(v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSHR: return luaV_shiftr(v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPUNM: return intop(-, 0, v1);
+    case LUA_OPBNOT: return intop(^, ~l_castS2U(0), v1);
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static lua_Number numarith (lua_State *L, int op, lua_Number v1,
+                                                  lua_Number v2) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPADD: return luai_numadd(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSUB: return luai_numsub(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMUL: return luai_nummul(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPDIV: return luai_numdiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPPOW: return luai_numpow(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPIDIV: return luai_numidiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPUNM: return luai_numunm(L, v1);
+    case LUA_OPMOD: return luaV_modf(L, v1, v2);
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+int luaO_rawarith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                   TValue *res) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPBAND: case LUA_OPBOR: case LUA_OPBXOR:
+    case LUA_OPSHL: case LUA_OPSHR:
+    case LUA_OPBNOT: {  /* operate only on integers */
+      lua_Integer i1; lua_Integer i2;
+      if (tointegerns(p1, &i1) && tointegerns(p2, &i2)) {
+        setivalue(res, intarith(L, op, i1, i2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+    case LUA_OPDIV: case LUA_OPPOW: {  /* operate only on floats */
+      lua_Number n1; lua_Number n2;
+      if (tonumberns(p1, n1) && tonumberns(p2, n2)) {
+        setfltvalue(res, numarith(L, op, n1, n2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+    default: {  /* other operations */
+      lua_Number n1; lua_Number n2;
+      if (ttisinteger(p1) && ttisinteger(p2)) {
+        setivalue(res, intarith(L, op, ivalue(p1), ivalue(p2)));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else if (tonumberns(p1, n1) && tonumberns(p2, n2)) {
+        setfltvalue(res, numarith(L, op, n1, n2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void luaO_arith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                 StkId res) {
+  if (!luaO_rawarith(L, op, p1, p2, s2v(res))) {
+    /* could not perform raw operation; try metamethod */
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p1, p2, res, cast(TMS, (op - LUA_OPADD) + TM_ADD));
+  }
+}
+
+
+int luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
+  if (lisdigit(c)) return c - '0';
+  else return (ltolower(c) - 'a') + 10;
+}
+
+
+static int isneg (const char **s) {
+  if (**s == '-') { (*s)++; return 1; }
+  else if (**s == '+') (*s)++;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Lua's implementation for 'lua_strx2number'
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lua_strx2number)
+
+/* maximum number of significant digits to read (to avoid overflows
+   even with single floats) */
+#define MAXSIGDIG	30
+
+/*
+** convert a hexadecimal numeric string to a number, following
+** C99 specification for 'strtod'
+*/
+static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
+  int dot = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
+  lua_Number r = l_mathop(0.0);  /* result (accumulator) */
+  int sigdig = 0;  /* number of significant digits */
+  int nosigdig = 0;  /* number of non-significant digits */
+  int e = 0;  /* exponent correction */
+  int neg;  /* 1 if number is negative */
+  int hasdot = 0;  /* true after seen a dot */
+  *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* nothing is valid yet */
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip initial spaces */
+  neg = isneg(&s);  /* check sign */
+  if (!(*s == '0' && (*(s + 1) == 'x' || *(s + 1) == 'X')))  /* check '0x' */
+    return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid format (no '0x') */
+  for (s += 2; ; s++) {  /* skip '0x' and read numeral */
+    if (*s == dot) {
+      if (hasdot) break;  /* second dot? stop loop */
+      else hasdot = 1;
+    }
+    else if (lisxdigit(cast_uchar(*s))) {
+      if (sigdig == 0 && *s == '0')  /* non-significant digit (zero)? */
+        nosigdig++;
+      else if (++sigdig <= MAXSIGDIG)  /* can read it without overflow? */
+          r = (r * l_mathop(16.0)) + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
+      else e++; /* too many digits; ignore, but still count for exponent */
+      if (hasdot) e--;  /* decimal digit? correct exponent */
+    }
+    else break;  /* neither a dot nor a digit */
+  }
+  if (nosigdig + sigdig == 0)  /* no digits? */
+    return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid format */
+  *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* valid up to here */
+  e *= 4;  /* each digit multiplies/divides value by 2^4 */
+  if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') {  /* exponent part? */
+    int exp1 = 0;  /* exponent value */
+    int neg1;  /* exponent sign */
+    s++;  /* skip 'p' */
+    neg1 = isneg(&s);  /* sign */
+    if (!lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))
+      return l_mathop(0.0);  /* invalid; must have at least one digit */
+    while (lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))  /* read exponent */
+      exp1 = exp1 * 10 + *(s++) - '0';
+    if (neg1) exp1 = -exp1;
+    e += exp1;
+    *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* valid up to here */
+  }
+  if (neg) r = -r;
+  return l_mathop(ldexp)(r, e);
+}
+
+#endif
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/* maximum length of a numeral to be converted to a number */
+#if !defined (L_MAXLENNUM)
+#define L_MAXLENNUM	200
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Convert string 's' to a Lua number (put in 'result'). Return NULL on
+** fail or the address of the ending '\0' on success. ('mode' == 'x')
+** means a hexadecimal numeral.
+*/
+static const char *l_str2dloc (const char *s, lua_Number *result, int mode) {
+  char *endptr;
+  *result = (mode == 'x') ? lua_strx2number(s, &endptr)  /* try to convert */
+                          : lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
+  if (endptr == s) return NULL;  /* nothing recognized? */
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*endptr))) endptr++;  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  return (*endptr == '\0') ? endptr : NULL;  /* OK iff no trailing chars */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert string 's' to a Lua number (put in 'result') handling the
+** current locale.
+** This function accepts both the current locale or a dot as the radix
+** mark. If the conversion fails, it may mean number has a dot but
+** locale accepts something else. In that case, the code copies 's'
+** to a buffer (because 's' is read-only), changes the dot to the
+** current locale radix mark, and tries to convert again.
+** The variable 'mode' checks for special characters in the string:
+** - 'n' means 'inf' or 'nan' (which should be rejected)
+** - 'x' means a hexadecimal numeral
+** - '.' just optimizes the search for the common case (no special chars)
+*/
+static const char *l_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result) {
+  const char *endptr;
+  const char *pmode = strpbrk(s, ".xXnN");  /* look for special chars */
+  int mode = pmode ? ltolower(cast_uchar(*pmode)) : 0;
+  if (mode == 'n')  /* reject 'inf' and 'nan' */
+    return NULL;
+  endptr = l_str2dloc(s, result, mode);  /* try to convert */
+  if (endptr == NULL) {  /* failed? may be a different locale */
+    char buff[L_MAXLENNUM + 1];
+    const char *pdot = strchr(s, '.');
+    if (pdot == NULL || strlen(s) > L_MAXLENNUM)
+      return NULL;  /* string too long or no dot; fail */
+    strcpy(buff, s);  /* copy string to buffer */
+    buff[pdot - s] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* correct decimal point */
+    endptr = l_str2dloc(buff, result, mode);  /* try again */
+    if (endptr != NULL)
+      endptr = s + (endptr - buff);  /* make relative to 's' */
+  }
+  return endptr;
+}
+
+
+#define MAXBY10		cast(lua_Unsigned, LUA_MAXINTEGER / 10)
+#define MAXLASTD	cast_int(LUA_MAXINTEGER % 10)
+
+static const char *l_str2int (const char *s, lua_Integer *result) {
+  lua_Unsigned a = 0;
+  int empty = 1;
+  int neg;
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip initial spaces */
+  neg = isneg(&s);
+  if (s[0] == '0' &&
+      (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X')) {  /* hex? */
+    s += 2;  /* skip '0x' */
+    for (; lisxdigit(cast_uchar(*s)); s++) {
+      a = a * 16 + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
+      empty = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* decimal */
+    for (; lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)); s++) {
+      int d = *s - '0';
+      if (a >= MAXBY10 && (a > MAXBY10 || d > MAXLASTD + neg))  /* overflow? */
+        return NULL;  /* do not accept it (as integer) */
+      a = a * 10 + d;
+      empty = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  if (empty || *s != '\0') return NULL;  /* something wrong in the numeral */
+  else {
+    *result = l_castU2S((neg) ? 0u - a : a);
+    return s;
+  }
+}
+
+
+size_t luaO_str2num (const char *s, TValue *o) {
+  lua_Integer i; lua_Number n;
+  const char *e;
+  if ((e = l_str2int(s, &i)) != NULL) {  /* try as an integer */
+    setivalue(o, i);
+  }
+  else if ((e = l_str2d(s, &n)) != NULL) {  /* else try as a float */
+    setfltvalue(o, n);
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;  /* conversion failed */
+  return (e - s) + 1;  /* success; return string size */
+}
+
+
+int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, unsigned long x) {
+  int n = 1;  /* number of bytes put in buffer (backwards) */
+  lua_assert(x <= 0x7FFFFFFFu);
+  if (x < 0x80)  /* ascii? */
+    buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - 1] = cast_char(x);
+  else {  /* need continuation bytes */
+    unsigned int mfb = 0x3f;  /* maximum that fits in first byte */
+    do {  /* add continuation bytes */
+      buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - (n++)] = cast_char(0x80 | (x & 0x3f));
+      x >>= 6;  /* remove added bits */
+      mfb >>= 1;  /* now there is one less bit available in first byte */
+    } while (x > mfb);  /* still needs continuation byte? */
+    buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - n] = cast_char((~mfb << 1) | x);  /* add first byte */
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum length of the conversion of a number to a string. Must be
+** enough to accommodate both LUA_INTEGER_FMT and LUA_NUMBER_FMT.
+** (For a long long int, this is 19 digits plus a sign and a final '\0',
+** adding to 21. For a long double, it can go to a sign, 33 digits,
+** the dot, an exponent letter, an exponent sign, 5 exponent digits,
+** and a final '\0', adding to 43.)
+*/
+#define MAXNUMBER2STR	44
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a number object to a string, adding it to a buffer
+*/
+static int tostringbuff (TValue *obj, char *buff) {
+  int len;
+  lua_assert(ttisnumber(obj));
+  if (ttisinteger(obj))
+    len = lua_integer2str(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR, ivalue(obj));
+  else {
+    len = lua_number2str(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR, fltvalue(obj));
+    if (buff[strspn(buff, "-0123456789")] == '\0') {  /* looks like an int? */
+      buff[len++] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
+      buff[len++] = '0';  /* adds '.0' to result */
+    }
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a number object to a Lua string, replacing the value at 'obj'
+*/
+void luaO_tostring (lua_State *L, TValue *obj) {
+  char buff[MAXNUMBER2STR];
+  int len = tostringbuff(obj, buff);
+  setsvalue(L, obj, luaS_newlstr(L, buff, len));
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** 'luaO_pushvfstring'
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Size for buffer space used by 'luaO_pushvfstring'. It should be
+** (LUA_IDSIZE + MAXNUMBER2STR) + a minimal space for basic messages,
+** so that 'luaG_addinfo' can work directly on the buffer.
+*/
+#define BUFVFS		(LUA_IDSIZE + MAXNUMBER2STR + 95)
+
+/* buffer used by 'luaO_pushvfstring' */
+typedef struct BuffFS {
+  lua_State *L;
+  int pushed;  /* true if there is a part of the result on the stack */
+  int blen;  /* length of partial string in 'space' */
+  char space[BUFVFS];  /* holds last part of the result */
+} BuffFS;
+
+
+/*
+** Push given string to the stack, as part of the result, and
+** join it to previous partial result if there is one.
+** It may call 'luaV_concat' while using one slot from EXTRA_STACK.
+** This call cannot invoke metamethods, as both operands must be
+** strings. It can, however, raise an error if the result is too
+** long. In that case, 'luaV_concat' frees the extra slot before
+** raising the error.
+*/
+static void pushstr (BuffFS *buff, const char *str, size_t lstr) {
+  lua_State *L = buff->L;
+  setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, luaS_newlstr(L, str, lstr));
+  L->top.p++;  /* may use one slot from EXTRA_STACK */
+  if (!buff->pushed)  /* no previous string on the stack? */
+    buff->pushed = 1;  /* now there is one */
+  else  /* join previous string with new one */
+    luaV_concat(L, 2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** empty the buffer space into the stack
+*/
+static void clearbuff (BuffFS *buff) {
+  pushstr(buff, buff->space, buff->blen);  /* push buffer contents */
+  buff->blen = 0;  /* space now is empty */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get a space of size 'sz' in the buffer. If buffer has not enough
+** space, empty it. 'sz' must fit in an empty buffer.
+*/
+static char *getbuff (BuffFS *buff, int sz) {
+  lua_assert(buff->blen <= BUFVFS); lua_assert(sz <= BUFVFS);
+  if (sz > BUFVFS - buff->blen)  /* not enough space? */
+    clearbuff(buff);
+  return buff->space + buff->blen;
+}
+
+
+#define addsize(b,sz)	((b)->blen += (sz))
+
+
+/*
+** Add 'str' to the buffer. If string is larger than the buffer space,
+** push the string directly to the stack.
+*/
+static void addstr2buff (BuffFS *buff, const char *str, size_t slen) {
+  if (slen <= BUFVFS) {  /* does string fit into buffer? */
+    char *bf = getbuff(buff, cast_int(slen));
+    memcpy(bf, str, slen);  /* add string to buffer */
+    addsize(buff, cast_int(slen));
+  }
+  else {  /* string larger than buffer */
+    clearbuff(buff);  /* string comes after buffer's content */
+    pushstr(buff, str, slen);  /* push string */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a numeral to the buffer.
+*/
+static void addnum2buff (BuffFS *buff, TValue *num) {
+  char *numbuff = getbuff(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR);
+  int len = tostringbuff(num, numbuff);  /* format number into 'numbuff' */
+  addsize(buff, len);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function handles only '%d', '%c', '%f', '%p', '%s', and '%%'
+   conventional formats, plus Lua-specific '%I' and '%U'
+*/
+const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
+  BuffFS buff;  /* holds last part of the result */
+  const char *e;  /* points to next '%' */
+  buff.pushed = buff.blen = 0;
+  buff.L = L;
+  while ((e = strchr(fmt, '%')) != NULL) {
+    addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, e - fmt);  /* add 'fmt' up to '%' */
+    switch (*(e + 1)) {  /* conversion specifier */
+      case 's': {  /* zero-terminated string */
+        const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *);
+        if (s == NULL) s = "(null)";
+        addstr2buff(&buff, s, strlen(s));
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'c': {  /* an 'int' as a character */
+        char c = cast_uchar(va_arg(argp, int));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, &c, sizeof(char));
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'd': {  /* an 'int' */
+        TValue num;
+        setivalue(&num, va_arg(argp, int));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'I': {  /* a 'lua_Integer' */
+        TValue num;
+        setivalue(&num, cast(lua_Integer, va_arg(argp, l_uacInt)));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'f': {  /* a 'lua_Number' */
+        TValue num;
+        setfltvalue(&num, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber)));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'p': {  /* a pointer */
+        const int sz = 3 * sizeof(void*) + 8; /* enough space for '%p' */
+        char *bf = getbuff(&buff, sz);
+        void *p = va_arg(argp, void *);
+        int len = lua_pointer2str(bf, sz, p);
+        addsize(&buff, len);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'U': {  /* a 'long' as a UTF-8 sequence */
+        char bf[UTF8BUFFSZ];
+        int len = luaO_utf8esc(bf, va_arg(argp, long));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, bf + UTF8BUFFSZ - len, len);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '%': {
+        addstr2buff(&buff, "%", 1);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        luaG_runerror(L, "invalid option '%%%c' to 'lua_pushfstring'",
+                         *(e + 1));
+      }
+    }
+    fmt = e + 2;  /* skip '%' and the specifier */
+  }
+  addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, strlen(fmt));  /* rest of 'fmt' */
+  clearbuff(&buff);  /* empty buffer into the stack */
+  lua_assert(buff.pushed == 1);
+  return svalue(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+}
+
+
+const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  const char *msg;
+  va_list argp;
+  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+  va_end(argp);
+  return msg;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+#define RETS	"..."
+#define PRE	"[string \""
+#define POS	"\"]"
+
+#define addstr(a,b,l)	( memcpy(a,b,(l) * sizeof(char)), a += (l) )
+
+void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t srclen) {
+  size_t bufflen = LUA_IDSIZE;  /* free space in buffer */
+  if (*source == '=') {  /* 'literal' source */
+    if (srclen <= bufflen)  /* small enough? */
+      memcpy(out, source + 1, srclen * sizeof(char));
+    else {  /* truncate it */
+      addstr(out, source + 1, bufflen - 1);
+      *out = '\0';
+    }
+  }
+  else if (*source == '@') {  /* file name */
+    if (srclen <= bufflen)  /* small enough? */
+      memcpy(out, source + 1, srclen * sizeof(char));
+    else {  /* add '...' before rest of name */
+      addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
+      bufflen -= LL(RETS);
+      memcpy(out, source + 1 + srclen - bufflen, bufflen * sizeof(char));
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* string; format as [string "source"] */
+    const char *nl = strchr(source, '\n');  /* find first new line (if any) */
+    addstr(out, PRE, LL(PRE));  /* add prefix */
+    bufflen -= LL(PRE RETS POS) + 1;  /* save space for prefix+suffix+'\0' */
+    if (srclen < bufflen && nl == NULL) {  /* small one-line source? */
+      addstr(out, source, srclen);  /* keep it */
+    }
+    else {
+      if (nl != NULL) srclen = nl - source;  /* stop at first newline */
+      if (srclen > bufflen) srclen = bufflen;
+      addstr(out, source, srclen);
+      addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
+    }
+    memcpy(out, POS, (LL(POS) + 1) * sizeof(char));
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lobject.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lobject.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..556608e4aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lobject.h
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.h $
+** Type definitions for Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lobject_h
+#define lobject_h
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Extra types for collectable non-values
+*/
+#define LUA_TUPVAL	LUA_NUMTYPES  /* upvalues */
+#define LUA_TPROTO	(LUA_NUMTYPES+1)  /* function prototypes */
+#define LUA_TDEADKEY	(LUA_NUMTYPES+2)  /* removed keys in tables */
+
+
+
+/*
+** number of all possible types (including LUA_TNONE but excluding DEADKEY)
+*/
+#define LUA_TOTALTYPES		(LUA_TPROTO + 2)
+
+
+/*
+** tags for Tagged Values have the following use of bits:
+** bits 0-3: actual tag (a LUA_T* constant)
+** bits 4-5: variant bits
+** bit 6: whether value is collectable
+*/
+
+/* add variant bits to a type */
+#define makevariant(t,v)	((t) | ((v) << 4))
+
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all Lua values
+*/
+typedef union Value {
+  struct GCObject *gc;    /* collectable objects */
+  void *p;         /* light userdata */
+  lua_CFunction f; /* light C functions */
+  lua_Integer i;   /* integer numbers */
+  lua_Number n;    /* float numbers */
+  /* not used, but may avoid warnings for uninitialized value */
+  lu_byte ub;
+} Value;
+
+
+/*
+** Tagged Values. This is the basic representation of values in Lua:
+** an actual value plus a tag with its type.
+*/
+
+#define TValuefields	Value value_; lu_byte tt_
+
+typedef struct TValue {
+  TValuefields;
+} TValue;
+
+
+#define val_(o)		((o)->value_)
+#define valraw(o)	(val_(o))
+
+
+/* raw type tag of a TValue */
+#define rawtt(o)	((o)->tt_)
+
+/* tag with no variants (bits 0-3) */
+#define novariant(t)	((t) & 0x0F)
+
+/* type tag of a TValue (bits 0-3 for tags + variant bits 4-5) */
+#define withvariant(t)	((t) & 0x3F)
+#define ttypetag(o)	withvariant(rawtt(o))
+
+/* type of a TValue */
+#define ttype(o)	(novariant(rawtt(o)))
+
+
+/* Macros to test type */
+#define checktag(o,t)		(rawtt(o) == (t))
+#define checktype(o,t)		(ttype(o) == (t))
+
+
+/* Macros for internal tests */
+
+/* collectable object has the same tag as the original value */
+#define righttt(obj)		(ttypetag(obj) == gcvalue(obj)->tt)
+
+/*
+** Any value being manipulated by the program either is non
+** collectable, or the collectable object has the right tag
+** and it is not dead. The option 'L == NULL' allows other
+** macros using this one to be used where L is not available.
+*/
+#define checkliveness(L,obj) \
+	((void)L, lua_longassert(!iscollectable(obj) || \
+		(righttt(obj) && (L == NULL || !isdead(G(L),gcvalue(obj))))))
+
+
+/* Macros to set values */
+
+/* set a value's tag */
+#define settt_(o,t)	((o)->tt_=(t))
+
+
+/* main macro to copy values (from 'obj2' to 'obj1') */
+#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
+	{ TValue *io1=(obj1); const TValue *io2=(obj2); \
+          io1->value_ = io2->value_; settt_(io1, io2->tt_); \
+	  checkliveness(L,io1); lua_assert(!isnonstrictnil(io1)); }
+
+/*
+** Different types of assignments, according to source and destination.
+** (They are mostly equal now, but may be different in the future.)
+*/
+
+/* from stack to stack */
+#define setobjs2s(L,o1,o2)	setobj(L,s2v(o1),s2v(o2))
+/* to stack (not from same stack) */
+#define setobj2s(L,o1,o2)	setobj(L,s2v(o1),o2)
+/* from table to same table */
+#define setobjt2t	setobj
+/* to new object */
+#define setobj2n	setobj
+/* to table */
+#define setobj2t	setobj
+
+
+/*
+** Entries in a Lua stack. Field 'tbclist' forms a list of all
+** to-be-closed variables active in this stack. Dummy entries are
+** used when the distance between two tbc variables does not fit
+** in an unsigned short. They are represented by delta==0, and
+** their real delta is always the maximum value that fits in
+** that field.
+*/
+typedef union StackValue {
+  TValue val;
+  struct {
+    TValuefields;
+    unsigned short delta;
+  } tbclist;
+} StackValue;
+
+
+/* index to stack elements */
+typedef StackValue *StkId;
+
+
+/*
+** When reallocating the stack, change all pointers to the stack into
+** proper offsets.
+*/
+typedef union {
+  StkId p;  /* actual pointer */
+  ptrdiff_t offset;  /* used while the stack is being reallocated */
+} StkIdRel;
+
+
+/* convert a 'StackValue' to a 'TValue' */
+#define s2v(o)	(&(o)->val)
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Nil
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* Standard nil */
+#define LUA_VNIL	makevariant(LUA_TNIL, 0)
+
+/* Empty slot (which might be different from a slot containing nil) */
+#define LUA_VEMPTY	makevariant(LUA_TNIL, 1)
+
+/* Value returned for a key not found in a table (absent key) */
+#define LUA_VABSTKEY	makevariant(LUA_TNIL, 2)
+
+
+/* macro to test for (any kind of) nil */
+#define ttisnil(v)		checktype((v), LUA_TNIL)
+
+
+/* macro to test for a standard nil */
+#define ttisstrictnil(o)	checktag((o), LUA_VNIL)
+
+
+#define setnilvalue(obj) settt_(obj, LUA_VNIL)
+
+
+#define isabstkey(v)		checktag((v), LUA_VABSTKEY)
+
+
+/*
+** macro to detect non-standard nils (used only in assertions)
+*/
+#define isnonstrictnil(v)	(ttisnil(v) && !ttisstrictnil(v))
+
+
+/*
+** By default, entries with any kind of nil are considered empty.
+** (In any definition, values associated with absent keys must also
+** be accepted as empty.)
+*/
+#define isempty(v)		ttisnil(v)
+
+
+/* macro defining a value corresponding to an absent key */
+#define ABSTKEYCONSTANT		{NULL}, LUA_VABSTKEY
+
+
+/* mark an entry as empty */
+#define setempty(v)		settt_(v, LUA_VEMPTY)
+
+
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Booleans
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define LUA_VFALSE	makevariant(LUA_TBOOLEAN, 0)
+#define LUA_VTRUE	makevariant(LUA_TBOOLEAN, 1)
+
+#define ttisboolean(o)		checktype((o), LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define ttisfalse(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VFALSE)
+#define ttistrue(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VTRUE)
+
+
+#define l_isfalse(o)	(ttisfalse(o) || ttisnil(o))
+
+
+#define setbfvalue(obj)		settt_(obj, LUA_VFALSE)
+#define setbtvalue(obj)		settt_(obj, LUA_VTRUE)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Threads
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VTHREAD		makevariant(LUA_TTHREAD, 0)
+
+#define ttisthread(o)		checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VTHREAD))
+
+#define thvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisthread(o), gco2th(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define setthvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); lua_State *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VTHREAD)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+#define setthvalue2s(L,o,t)	setthvalue(L,s2v(o),t)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Collectable Objects
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Common Header for all collectable objects (in macro form, to be
+** included in other objects)
+*/
+#define CommonHeader	struct GCObject *next; lu_byte tt; lu_byte marked
+
+
+/* Common type for all collectable objects */
+typedef struct GCObject {
+  CommonHeader;
+} GCObject;
+
+
+/* Bit mark for collectable types */
+#define BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE	(1 << 6)
+
+#define iscollectable(o)	(rawtt(o) & BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+/* mark a tag as collectable */
+#define ctb(t)			((t) | BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+#define gcvalue(o)	check_exp(iscollectable(o), val_(o).gc)
+
+#define gcvalueraw(v)	((v).gc)
+
+#define setgcovalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); GCObject *i_g=(x); \
+    val_(io).gc = i_g; settt_(io, ctb(i_g->tt)); }
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Numbers
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* Variant tags for numbers */
+#define LUA_VNUMINT	makevariant(LUA_TNUMBER, 0)  /* integer numbers */
+#define LUA_VNUMFLT	makevariant(LUA_TNUMBER, 1)  /* float numbers */
+
+#define ttisnumber(o)		checktype((o), LUA_TNUMBER)
+#define ttisfloat(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VNUMFLT)
+#define ttisinteger(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VNUMINT)
+
+#define nvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisnumber(o), \
+	(ttisinteger(o) ? cast_num(ivalue(o)) : fltvalue(o)))
+#define fltvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisfloat(o), val_(o).n)
+#define ivalue(o)	check_exp(ttisinteger(o), val_(o).i)
+
+#define fltvalueraw(v)	((v).n)
+#define ivalueraw(v)	((v).i)
+
+#define setfltvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).n=(x); settt_(io, LUA_VNUMFLT); }
+
+#define chgfltvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); lua_assert(ttisfloat(io)); val_(io).n=(x); }
+
+#define setivalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).i=(x); settt_(io, LUA_VNUMINT); }
+
+#define chgivalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); lua_assert(ttisinteger(io)); val_(io).i=(x); }
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Strings
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* Variant tags for strings */
+#define LUA_VSHRSTR	makevariant(LUA_TSTRING, 0)  /* short strings */
+#define LUA_VLNGSTR	makevariant(LUA_TSTRING, 1)  /* long strings */
+
+#define ttisstring(o)		checktype((o), LUA_TSTRING)
+#define ttisshrstring(o)	checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VSHRSTR))
+#define ttislngstring(o)	checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VLNGSTR))
+
+#define tsvalueraw(v)	(gco2ts((v).gc))
+
+#define tsvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisstring(o), gco2ts(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define setsvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); TString *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(x_->tt)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+/* set a string to the stack */
+#define setsvalue2s(L,o,s)	setsvalue(L,s2v(o),s)
+
+/* set a string to a new object */
+#define setsvalue2n	setsvalue
+
+
+/*
+** Header for a string value.
+*/
+typedef struct TString {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte extra;  /* reserved words for short strings; "has hash" for longs */
+  lu_byte shrlen;  /* length for short strings */
+  unsigned int hash;
+  union {
+    size_t lnglen;  /* length for long strings */
+    struct TString *hnext;  /* linked list for hash table */
+  } u;
+  char contents[1];
+} TString;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Get the actual string (array of bytes) from a 'TString'.
+*/
+#define getstr(ts)  ((ts)->contents)
+
+
+/* get the actual string (array of bytes) from a Lua value */
+#define svalue(o)       getstr(tsvalue(o))
+
+/* get string length from 'TString *s' */
+#define tsslen(s)	((s)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR ? (s)->shrlen : (s)->u.lnglen)
+
+/* get string length from 'TValue *o' */
+#define vslen(o)	tsslen(tsvalue(o))
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Userdata
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Light userdata should be a variant of userdata, but for compatibility
+** reasons they are also different types.
+*/
+#define LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA	makevariant(LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA, 0)
+
+#define LUA_VUSERDATA		makevariant(LUA_TUSERDATA, 0)
+
+#define ttislightuserdata(o)	checktag((o), LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define ttisfulluserdata(o)	checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VUSERDATA))
+
+#define pvalue(o)	check_exp(ttislightuserdata(o), val_(o).p)
+#define uvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisfulluserdata(o), gco2u(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define pvalueraw(v)	((v).p)
+
+#define setpvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).p=(x); settt_(io, LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA); }
+
+#define setuvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); Udata *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VUSERDATA)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+
+/* Ensures that addresses after this type are always fully aligned. */
+typedef union UValue {
+  TValue uv;
+  LUAI_MAXALIGN;  /* ensures maximum alignment for udata bytes */
+} UValue;
+
+
+/*
+** Header for userdata with user values;
+** memory area follows the end of this structure.
+*/
+typedef struct Udata {
+  CommonHeader;
+  unsigned short nuvalue;  /* number of user values */
+  size_t len;  /* number of bytes */
+  struct Table *metatable;
+  GCObject *gclist;
+  UValue uv[1];  /* user values */
+} Udata;
+
+
+/*
+** Header for userdata with no user values. These userdata do not need
+** to be gray during GC, and therefore do not need a 'gclist' field.
+** To simplify, the code always use 'Udata' for both kinds of userdata,
+** making sure it never accesses 'gclist' on userdata with no user values.
+** This structure here is used only to compute the correct size for
+** this representation. (The 'bindata' field in its end ensures correct
+** alignment for binary data following this header.)
+*/
+typedef struct Udata0 {
+  CommonHeader;
+  unsigned short nuvalue;  /* number of user values */
+  size_t len;  /* number of bytes */
+  struct Table *metatable;
+  union {LUAI_MAXALIGN;} bindata;
+} Udata0;
+
+
+/* compute the offset of the memory area of a userdata */
+#define udatamemoffset(nuv) \
+	((nuv) == 0 ? offsetof(Udata0, bindata)  \
+                    : offsetof(Udata, uv) + (sizeof(UValue) * (nuv)))
+
+/* get the address of the memory block inside 'Udata' */
+#define getudatamem(u)	(cast_charp(u) + udatamemoffset((u)->nuvalue))
+
+/* compute the size of a userdata */
+#define sizeudata(nuv,nb)	(udatamemoffset(nuv) + (nb))
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Prototypes
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VPROTO	makevariant(LUA_TPROTO, 0)
+
+
+/*
+** Description of an upvalue for function prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Upvaldesc {
+  TString *name;  /* upvalue name (for debug information) */
+  lu_byte instack;  /* whether it is in stack (register) */
+  lu_byte idx;  /* index of upvalue (in stack or in outer function's list) */
+  lu_byte kind;  /* kind of corresponding variable */
+} Upvaldesc;
+
+
+/*
+** Description of a local variable for function prototypes
+** (used for debug information)
+*/
+typedef struct LocVar {
+  TString *varname;
+  int startpc;  /* first point where variable is active */
+  int endpc;    /* first point where variable is dead */
+} LocVar;
+
+
+/*
+** Associates the absolute line source for a given instruction ('pc').
+** The array 'lineinfo' gives, for each instruction, the difference in
+** lines from the previous instruction. When that difference does not
+** fit into a byte, Lua saves the absolute line for that instruction.
+** (Lua also saves the absolute line periodically, to speed up the
+** computation of a line number: we can use binary search in the
+** absolute-line array, but we must traverse the 'lineinfo' array
+** linearly to compute a line.)
+*/
+typedef struct AbsLineInfo {
+  int pc;
+  int line;
+} AbsLineInfo;
+
+/*
+** Function Prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Proto {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte numparams;  /* number of fixed (named) parameters */
+  lu_byte is_vararg;
+  lu_byte maxstacksize;  /* number of registers needed by this function */
+  int sizeupvalues;  /* size of 'upvalues' */
+  int sizek;  /* size of 'k' */
+  int sizecode;
+  int sizelineinfo;
+  int sizep;  /* size of 'p' */
+  int sizelocvars;
+  int sizeabslineinfo;  /* size of 'abslineinfo' */
+  int linedefined;  /* debug information  */
+  int lastlinedefined;  /* debug information  */
+  TValue *k;  /* constants used by the function */
+  Instruction *code;  /* opcodes */
+  struct Proto **p;  /* functions defined inside the function */
+  Upvaldesc *upvalues;  /* upvalue information */
+  ls_byte *lineinfo;  /* information about source lines (debug information) */
+  AbsLineInfo *abslineinfo;  /* idem */
+  LocVar *locvars;  /* information about local variables (debug information) */
+  TString  *source;  /* used for debug information */
+  GCObject *gclist;
+} Proto;
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Functions
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VUPVAL	makevariant(LUA_TUPVAL, 0)
+
+
+/* Variant tags for functions */
+#define LUA_VLCL	makevariant(LUA_TFUNCTION, 0)  /* Lua closure */
+#define LUA_VLCF	makevariant(LUA_TFUNCTION, 1)  /* light C function */
+#define LUA_VCCL	makevariant(LUA_TFUNCTION, 2)  /* C closure */
+
+#define ttisfunction(o)		checktype(o, LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define ttisLclosure(o)		checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VLCL))
+#define ttislcf(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VLCF)
+#define ttisCclosure(o)		checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VCCL))
+#define ttisclosure(o)         (ttisLclosure(o) || ttisCclosure(o))
+
+
+#define isLfunction(o)	ttisLclosure(o)
+
+#define clvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisclosure(o), gco2cl(val_(o).gc))
+#define clLvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisLclosure(o), gco2lcl(val_(o).gc))
+#define fvalue(o)	check_exp(ttislcf(o), val_(o).f)
+#define clCvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisCclosure(o), gco2ccl(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define fvalueraw(v)	((v).f)
+
+#define setclLvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); LClosure *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VLCL)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+#define setclLvalue2s(L,o,cl)	setclLvalue(L,s2v(o),cl)
+
+#define setfvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).f=(x); settt_(io, LUA_VLCF); }
+
+#define setclCvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); CClosure *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VCCL)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+
+/*
+** Upvalues for Lua closures
+*/
+typedef struct UpVal {
+  CommonHeader;
+  union {
+    TValue *p;  /* points to stack or to its own value */
+    ptrdiff_t offset;  /* used while the stack is being reallocated */
+  } v;
+  union {
+    struct {  /* (when open) */
+      struct UpVal *next;  /* linked list */
+      struct UpVal **previous;
+    } open;
+    TValue value;  /* the value (when closed) */
+  } u;
+} UpVal;
+
+
+
+#define ClosureHeader \
+	CommonHeader; lu_byte nupvalues; GCObject *gclist
+
+typedef struct CClosure {
+  ClosureHeader;
+  lua_CFunction f;
+  TValue upvalue[1];  /* list of upvalues */
+} CClosure;
+
+
+typedef struct LClosure {
+  ClosureHeader;
+  struct Proto *p;
+  UpVal *upvals[1];  /* list of upvalues */
+} LClosure;
+
+
+typedef union Closure {
+  CClosure c;
+  LClosure l;
+} Closure;
+
+
+#define getproto(o)	(clLvalue(o)->p)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Tables
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VTABLE	makevariant(LUA_TTABLE, 0)
+
+#define ttistable(o)		checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VTABLE))
+
+#define hvalue(o)	check_exp(ttistable(o), gco2t(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define sethvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); Table *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VTABLE)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+#define sethvalue2s(L,o,h)	sethvalue(L,s2v(o),h)
+
+
+/*
+** Nodes for Hash tables: A pack of two TValue's (key-value pairs)
+** plus a 'next' field to link colliding entries. The distribution
+** of the key's fields ('key_tt' and 'key_val') not forming a proper
+** 'TValue' allows for a smaller size for 'Node' both in 4-byte
+** and 8-byte alignments.
+*/
+typedef union Node {
+  struct NodeKey {
+    TValuefields;  /* fields for value */
+    lu_byte key_tt;  /* key type */
+    int next;  /* for chaining */
+    Value key_val;  /* key value */
+  } u;
+  TValue i_val;  /* direct access to node's value as a proper 'TValue' */
+} Node;
+
+
+/* copy a value into a key */
+#define setnodekey(L,node,obj) \
+	{ Node *n_=(node); const TValue *io_=(obj); \
+	  n_->u.key_val = io_->value_; n_->u.key_tt = io_->tt_; \
+	  checkliveness(L,io_); }
+
+
+/* copy a value from a key */
+#define getnodekey(L,obj,node) \
+	{ TValue *io_=(obj); const Node *n_=(node); \
+	  io_->value_ = n_->u.key_val; io_->tt_ = n_->u.key_tt; \
+	  checkliveness(L,io_); }
+
+
+/*
+** About 'alimit': if 'isrealasize(t)' is true, then 'alimit' is the
+** real size of 'array'. Otherwise, the real size of 'array' is the
+** smallest power of two not smaller than 'alimit' (or zero iff 'alimit'
+** is zero); 'alimit' is then used as a hint for #t.
+*/
+
+#define BITRAS		(1 << 7)
+#define isrealasize(t)		(!((t)->flags & BITRAS))
+#define setrealasize(t)		((t)->flags &= cast_byte(~BITRAS))
+#define setnorealasize(t)	((t)->flags |= BITRAS)
+
+
+typedef struct Table {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte flags;  /* 1<<p means tagmethod(p) is not present */
+  lu_byte lsizenode;  /* log2 of size of 'node' array */
+  unsigned int alimit;  /* "limit" of 'array' array */
+  TValue *array;  /* array part */
+  Node *node;
+  Node *lastfree;  /* any free position is before this position */
+  struct Table *metatable;
+  GCObject *gclist;
+} Table;
+
+
+/*
+** Macros to manipulate keys inserted in nodes
+*/
+#define keytt(node)		((node)->u.key_tt)
+#define keyval(node)		((node)->u.key_val)
+
+#define keyisnil(node)		(keytt(node) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define keyisinteger(node)	(keytt(node) == LUA_VNUMINT)
+#define keyival(node)		(keyval(node).i)
+#define keyisshrstr(node)	(keytt(node) == ctb(LUA_VSHRSTR))
+#define keystrval(node)		(gco2ts(keyval(node).gc))
+
+#define setnilkey(node)		(keytt(node) = LUA_TNIL)
+
+#define keyiscollectable(n)	(keytt(n) & BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+#define gckey(n)	(keyval(n).gc)
+#define gckeyN(n)	(keyiscollectable(n) ? gckey(n) : NULL)
+
+
+/*
+** Dead keys in tables have the tag DEADKEY but keep their original
+** gcvalue. This distinguishes them from regular keys but allows them to
+** be found when searched in a special way. ('next' needs that to find
+** keys removed from a table during a traversal.)
+*/
+#define setdeadkey(node)	(keytt(node) = LUA_TDEADKEY)
+#define keyisdead(node)		(keytt(node) == LUA_TDEADKEY)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** 'module' operation for hashing (size is always a power of 2)
+*/
+#define lmod(s,size) \
+	(check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast_int((s) & ((size)-1)))))
+
+
+#define twoto(x)	(1<<(x))
+#define sizenode(t)	(twoto((t)->lsizenode))
+
+
+/* size of buffer for 'luaO_utf8esc' function */
+#define UTF8BUFFSZ	8
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, unsigned long x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_rawarith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1,
+                             const TValue *p2, TValue *res);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_arith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1,
+                           const TValue *p2, StkId res);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaO_str2num (const char *s, TValue *o);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_hexavalue (int c);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_tostring (lua_State *L, TValue *obj);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+                                                       va_list argp);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t srclen);
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopcodes.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopcodes.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c67aa227c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopcodes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.c $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lopcodes_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
+/*       MM OT IT T  A  mode		   opcode  */
+  opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MOVE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iAsBx)		/* OP_LOADI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iAsBx)		/* OP_LOADF */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_LOADK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_LOADKX */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADFALSE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LFALSESKIP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADTRUE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETFIELD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETFIELD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_NEWTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SELF */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADDI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADDK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SUBK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MULK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MODK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_POWK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_DIVK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_IDIVK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BANDK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BORK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BXORK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHRI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHLI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SUB */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MUL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MOD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_POW */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_DIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_IDIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BAND */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BOR */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BXOR */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHR */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBIN */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINI*/
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINK*/
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_UNM */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BNOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_NOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LEN */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_CONCAT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_CLOSE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TBC */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, isJ)		/* OP_JMP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQ */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LTI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LEI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_GTI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_GEI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TEST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, iABC)		/* OP_TESTSET */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_CALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_TAILCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN0 */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN1 */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_FORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_FORPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABx)		/* OP_TFORPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TFORCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_TFORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETLIST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_CLOSURE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_VARARG */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_VARARGPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iAx)		/* OP_EXTRAARG */
+};
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopcodes.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopcodes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c55145399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopcodes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.h $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lopcodes_h
+#define lopcodes_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+  We assume that instructions are unsigned 32-bit integers.
+  All instructions have an opcode in the first 7 bits.
+  Instructions can have the following formats:
+
+        3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+        1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+iABC          C(8)     |      B(8)     |k|     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iABx                Bx(17)               |     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iAsBx              sBx (signed)(17)      |     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iAx                           Ax(25)                     |   Op(7)     |
+isJ                           sJ (signed)(25)            |   Op(7)     |
+
+  A signed argument is represented in excess K: the represented value is
+  the written unsigned value minus K, where K is half the maximum for the
+  corresponding unsigned argument.
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
+
+
+/*
+** size and position of opcode arguments.
+*/
+#define SIZE_C		8
+#define SIZE_B		8
+#define SIZE_Bx		(SIZE_C + SIZE_B + 1)
+#define SIZE_A		8
+#define SIZE_Ax		(SIZE_Bx + SIZE_A)
+#define SIZE_sJ		(SIZE_Bx + SIZE_A)
+
+#define SIZE_OP		7
+
+#define POS_OP		0
+
+#define POS_A		(POS_OP + SIZE_OP)
+#define POS_k		(POS_A + SIZE_A)
+#define POS_B		(POS_k + 1)
+#define POS_C		(POS_B + SIZE_B)
+
+#define POS_Bx		POS_k
+
+#define POS_Ax		POS_A
+
+#define POS_sJ		POS_A
+
+
+/*
+** limits for opcode arguments.
+** we use (signed) 'int' to manipulate most arguments,
+** so they must fit in ints.
+*/
+
+/* Check whether type 'int' has at least 'b' bits ('b' < 32) */
+#define L_INTHASBITS(b)		((UINT_MAX >> ((b) - 1)) >= 1)
+
+
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_Bx)
+#define MAXARG_Bx	((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Bx	MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+#define OFFSET_sBx	(MAXARG_Bx>>1)         /* 'sBx' is signed */
+
+
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_Ax)
+#define MAXARG_Ax	((1<<SIZE_Ax)-1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Ax	MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_sJ)
+#define MAXARG_sJ	((1 << SIZE_sJ) - 1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_sJ	MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+#define OFFSET_sJ	(MAXARG_sJ >> 1)
+
+
+#define MAXARG_A	((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
+#define MAXARG_B	((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
+#define MAXARG_C	((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+#define OFFSET_sC	(MAXARG_C >> 1)
+
+#define int2sC(i)	((i) + OFFSET_sC)
+#define sC2int(i)	((i) - OFFSET_sC)
+
+
+/* creates a mask with 'n' 1 bits at position 'p' */
+#define MASK1(n,p)	((~((~(Instruction)0)<<(n)))<<(p))
+
+/* creates a mask with 'n' 0 bits at position 'p' */
+#define MASK0(n,p)	(~MASK1(n,p))
+
+/*
+** the following macros help to manipulate instructions
+*/
+
+#define GET_OPCODE(i)	(cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0)))
+#define SET_OPCODE(i,o)	((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \
+		((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
+
+#define checkopm(i,m)	(getOpMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == m)
+
+
+#define getarg(i,pos,size)	(cast_int(((i)>>(pos)) & MASK1(size,0)))
+#define setarg(i,v,pos,size)	((i) = (((i)&MASK0(size,pos)) | \
+                ((cast(Instruction, v)<<pos)&MASK1(size,pos))))
+
+#define GETARG_A(i)	getarg(i, POS_A, SIZE_A)
+#define SETARG_A(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_A, SIZE_A)
+
+#define GETARG_B(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_B, SIZE_B))
+#define GETARG_sB(i)	sC2int(GETARG_B(i))
+#define SETARG_B(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+
+#define GETARG_C(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_C, SIZE_C))
+#define GETARG_sC(i)	sC2int(GETARG_C(i))
+#define SETARG_C(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+
+#define TESTARG_k(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), (cast_int(((i) & (1u << POS_k)))))
+#define GETARG_k(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_k, 1))
+#define SETARG_k(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_k, 1)
+
+#define GETARG_Bx(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABx), getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx))
+#define SETARG_Bx(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx)
+
+#define GETARG_Ax(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iAx), getarg(i, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax))
+#define SETARG_Ax(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax)
+
+#define GETARG_sBx(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, iAsBx), getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx) - OFFSET_sBx)
+#define SETARG_sBx(i,b)	SETARG_Bx((i),cast_uint((b)+OFFSET_sBx))
+
+#define GETARG_sJ(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, isJ), getarg(i, POS_sJ, SIZE_sJ) - OFFSET_sJ)
+#define SETARG_sJ(i,j) \
+	setarg(i, cast_uint((j)+OFFSET_sJ), POS_sJ, SIZE_sJ)
+
+
+#define CREATE_ABCk(o,a,b,c,k)	((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, k)<<POS_k))
+
+#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc)	((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx))
+
+#define CREATE_Ax(o,a)		((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_Ax))
+
+#define CREATE_sJ(o,j,k)	((cast(Instruction, o) << POS_OP) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, j) << POS_sJ) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, k) << POS_k))
+
+
+#if !defined(MAXINDEXRK)  /* (for debugging only) */
+#define MAXINDEXRK	MAXARG_B
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** invalid register that fits in 8 bits
+*/
+#define NO_REG		MAXARG_A
+
+
+/*
+** R[x] - register
+** K[x] - constant (in constant table)
+** RK(x) == if k(i) then K[x] else R[x]
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums. Opcodes marked with a (*)
+** has extra descriptions in the notes after the enumeration.
+*/
+
+typedef enum {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  name		args	description
+------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+OP_MOVE,/*	A B	R[A] := R[B]					*/
+OP_LOADI,/*	A sBx	R[A] := sBx					*/
+OP_LOADF,/*	A sBx	R[A] := (lua_Number)sBx				*/
+OP_LOADK,/*	A Bx	R[A] := K[Bx]					*/
+OP_LOADKX,/*	A	R[A] := K[extra arg]				*/
+OP_LOADFALSE,/*	A	R[A] := false					*/
+OP_LFALSESKIP,/*A	R[A] := false; pc++	(*)			*/
+OP_LOADTRUE,/*	A	R[A] := true					*/
+OP_LOADNIL,/*	A B	R[A], R[A+1], ..., R[A+B] := nil		*/
+OP_GETUPVAL,/*	A B	R[A] := UpValue[B]				*/
+OP_SETUPVAL,/*	A B	UpValue[B] := R[A]				*/
+
+OP_GETTABUP,/*	A B C	R[A] := UpValue[B][K[C]:string]			*/
+OP_GETTABLE,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][R[C]]				*/
+OP_GETI,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][C]					*/
+OP_GETFIELD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][K[C]:string]			*/
+
+OP_SETTABUP,/*	A B C	UpValue[A][K[B]:string] := RK(C)		*/
+OP_SETTABLE,/*	A B C	R[A][R[B]] := RK(C)				*/
+OP_SETI,/*	A B C	R[A][B] := RK(C)				*/
+OP_SETFIELD,/*	A B C	R[A][K[B]:string] := RK(C)			*/
+
+OP_NEWTABLE,/*	A B C k	R[A] := {}					*/
+
+OP_SELF,/*	A B C	R[A+1] := R[B]; R[A] := R[B][RK(C):string]	*/
+
+OP_ADDI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] + sC				*/
+
+OP_ADDK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] + K[C]:number			*/
+OP_SUBK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] - K[C]:number			*/
+OP_MULK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] * K[C]:number			*/
+OP_MODK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] % K[C]:number			*/
+OP_POWK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ^ K[C]:number			*/
+OP_DIVK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] / K[C]:number			*/
+OP_IDIVK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] // K[C]:number			*/
+
+OP_BANDK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] & K[C]:integer			*/
+OP_BORK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] | K[C]:integer			*/
+OP_BXORK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ K[C]:integer			*/
+
+OP_SHRI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] >> sC				*/
+OP_SHLI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := sC << R[B]				*/
+
+OP_ADD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] + R[C]				*/
+OP_SUB,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] - R[C]				*/
+OP_MUL,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] * R[C]				*/
+OP_MOD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] % R[C]				*/
+OP_POW,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ^ R[C]				*/
+OP_DIV,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] / R[C]				*/
+OP_IDIV,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] // R[C]				*/
+
+OP_BAND,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] & R[C]				*/
+OP_BOR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] | R[C]				*/
+OP_BXOR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ R[C]				*/
+OP_SHL,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] << R[C]				*/
+OP_SHR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] >> R[C]				*/
+
+OP_MMBIN,/*	A B C	call C metamethod over R[A] and R[B]	(*)	*/
+OP_MMBINI,/*	A sB C k	call C metamethod over R[A] and sB	*/
+OP_MMBINK,/*	A B C k		call C metamethod over R[A] and K[B]	*/
+
+OP_UNM,/*	A B	R[A] := -R[B]					*/
+OP_BNOT,/*	A B	R[A] := ~R[B]					*/
+OP_NOT,/*	A B	R[A] := not R[B]				*/
+OP_LEN,/*	A B	R[A] := #R[B] (length operator)			*/
+
+OP_CONCAT,/*	A B	R[A] := R[A].. ... ..R[A + B - 1]		*/
+
+OP_CLOSE,/*	A	close all upvalues >= R[A]			*/
+OP_TBC,/*	A	mark variable A "to be closed"			*/
+OP_JMP,/*	sJ	pc += sJ					*/
+OP_EQ,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] == R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LT,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] <  R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LE,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] <= R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+
+OP_EQK,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] == K[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_EQI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] == sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LTI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] < sB) ~= k) then pc++			*/
+OP_LEI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] <= sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_GTI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] > sB) ~= k) then pc++			*/
+OP_GEI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] >= sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+
+OP_TEST,/*	A k	if (not R[A] == k) then pc++			*/
+OP_TESTSET,/*	A B k	if (not R[B] == k) then pc++ else R[A] := R[B] (*) */
+
+OP_CALL,/*	A B C	R[A], ... ,R[A+C-2] := R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1]) */
+OP_TAILCALL,/*	A B C k	return R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1])		*/
+
+OP_RETURN,/*	A B C k	return R[A], ... ,R[A+B-2]	(see note)	*/
+OP_RETURN0,/*		return						*/
+OP_RETURN1,/*	A	return R[A]					*/
+
+OP_FORLOOP,/*	A Bx	update counters; if loop continues then pc-=Bx; */
+OP_FORPREP,/*	A Bx	<check values and prepare counters>;
+                        if not to run then pc+=Bx+1;			*/
+
+OP_TFORPREP,/*	A Bx	create upvalue for R[A + 3]; pc+=Bx		*/
+OP_TFORCALL,/*	A C	R[A+4], ... ,R[A+3+C] := R[A](R[A+1], R[A+2]);	*/
+OP_TFORLOOP,/*	A Bx	if R[A+2] ~= nil then { R[A]=R[A+2]; pc -= Bx }	*/
+
+OP_SETLIST,/*	A B C k	R[A][C+i] := R[A+i], 1 <= i <= B		*/
+
+OP_CLOSURE,/*	A Bx	R[A] := closure(KPROTO[Bx])			*/
+
+OP_VARARG,/*	A C	R[A], R[A+1], ..., R[A+C-2] = vararg		*/
+
+OP_VARARGPREP,/*A	(adjust vararg parameters)			*/
+
+OP_EXTRAARG/*	Ax	extra (larger) argument for previous opcode	*/
+} OpCode;
+
+
+#define NUM_OPCODES	((int)(OP_EXTRAARG) + 1)
+
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+  Notes:
+
+  (*) Opcode OP_LFALSESKIP is used to convert a condition to a boolean
+  value, in a code equivalent to (not cond ? false : true).  (It
+  produces false and skips the next instruction producing true.)
+
+  (*) Opcodes OP_MMBIN and variants follow each arithmetic and
+  bitwise opcode. If the operation succeeds, it skips this next
+  opcode. Otherwise, this opcode calls the corresponding metamethod.
+
+  (*) Opcode OP_TESTSET is used in short-circuit expressions that need
+  both to jump and to produce a value, such as (a = b or c).
+
+  (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top - A. If (C == 0), then
+  'top' is set to last_result+1, so next open instruction (OP_CALL,
+  OP_RETURN*, OP_SETLIST) may use 'top'.
+
+  (*) In OP_VARARG, if (C == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
+  set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0).
+
+  (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to 'top'.
+
+  (*) In OP_LOADKX and OP_NEWTABLE, the next instruction is always
+  OP_EXTRAARG.
+
+  (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then real B = 'top'; if k, then
+  real C = EXTRAARG _ C (the bits of EXTRAARG concatenated with the
+  bits of C).
+
+  (*) In OP_NEWTABLE, B is log2 of the hash size (which is always a
+  power of 2) plus 1, or zero for size zero. If not k, the array size
+  is C. Otherwise, the array size is EXTRAARG _ C.
+
+  (*) For comparisons, k specifies what condition the test should accept
+  (true or false).
+
+  (*) In OP_MMBINI/OP_MMBINK, k means the arguments were flipped
+   (the constant is the first operand).
+
+  (*) All 'skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump.
+
+  (*) In instructions OP_RETURN/OP_TAILCALL, 'k' specifies that the
+  function builds upvalues, which may need to be closed. C > 0 means
+  the function is vararg, so that its 'func' must be corrected before
+  returning; in this case, (C - 1) is its number of fixed parameters.
+
+  (*) In comparisons with an immediate operand, C signals whether the
+  original operand was a float. (It must be corrected in case of
+  metamethods.)
+
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** masks for instruction properties. The format is:
+** bits 0-2: op mode
+** bit 3: instruction set register A
+** bit 4: operator is a test (next instruction must be a jump)
+** bit 5: instruction uses 'L->top' set by previous instruction (when B == 0)
+** bit 6: instruction sets 'L->top' for next instruction (when C == 0)
+** bit 7: instruction is an MM instruction (call a metamethod)
+*/
+
+LUAI_DDEC(const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];)
+
+#define getOpMode(m)	(cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 7))
+#define testAMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 3))
+#define testTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 4))
+#define testITMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 5))
+#define testOTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
+#define testMMMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
+
+/* "out top" (set top for next instruction) */
+#define isOT(i)  \
+	((testOTMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_C(i) == 0) || \
+          GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TAILCALL)
+
+/* "in top" (uses top from previous instruction) */
+#define isIT(i)		(testITMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_B(i) == 0)
+
+#define opmode(mm,ot,it,t,a,m)  \
+    (((mm) << 7) | ((ot) << 6) | ((it) << 5) | ((t) << 4) | ((a) << 3) | (m))
+
+
+/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */
+#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH	50
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopnames.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopnames.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..965cec9bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lopnames.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopnames.h $
+** Opcode names
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lopnames_h)
+#define lopnames_h
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+static const char *const opnames[] = {
+  "MOVE",
+  "LOADI",
+  "LOADF",
+  "LOADK",
+  "LOADKX",
+  "LOADFALSE",
+  "LFALSESKIP",
+  "LOADTRUE",
+  "LOADNIL",
+  "GETUPVAL",
+  "SETUPVAL",
+  "GETTABUP",
+  "GETTABLE",
+  "GETI",
+  "GETFIELD",
+  "SETTABUP",
+  "SETTABLE",
+  "SETI",
+  "SETFIELD",
+  "NEWTABLE",
+  "SELF",
+  "ADDI",
+  "ADDK",
+  "SUBK",
+  "MULK",
+  "MODK",
+  "POWK",
+  "DIVK",
+  "IDIVK",
+  "BANDK",
+  "BORK",
+  "BXORK",
+  "SHRI",
+  "SHLI",
+  "ADD",
+  "SUB",
+  "MUL",
+  "MOD",
+  "POW",
+  "DIV",
+  "IDIV",
+  "BAND",
+  "BOR",
+  "BXOR",
+  "SHL",
+  "SHR",
+  "MMBIN",
+  "MMBINI",
+  "MMBINK",
+  "UNM",
+  "BNOT",
+  "NOT",
+  "LEN",
+  "CONCAT",
+  "CLOSE",
+  "TBC",
+  "JMP",
+  "EQ",
+  "LT",
+  "LE",
+  "EQK",
+  "EQI",
+  "LTI",
+  "LEI",
+  "GTI",
+  "GEI",
+  "TEST",
+  "TESTSET",
+  "CALL",
+  "TAILCALL",
+  "RETURN",
+  "RETURN0",
+  "RETURN1",
+  "FORLOOP",
+  "FORPREP",
+  "TFORPREP",
+  "TFORCALL",
+  "TFORLOOP",
+  "SETLIST",
+  "CLOSURE",
+  "VARARG",
+  "VARARGPREP",
+  "EXTRAARG",
+  NULL
+};
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/loslib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/loslib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad5a927688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/loslib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+/*
+** $Id: loslib.c $
+** Standard Operating System library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define loslib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** List of valid conversion specifiers for the 'strftime' function;
+** options are grouped by length; group of length 2 start with '||'.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYzZ%" \
+    "||" "#c#x#d#H#I#j#m#M#S#U#w#W#y#Y"  /* two-char options */
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_C89)  /* ANSI C 89 (only 1-char options) */
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%"
+#else  /* C99 specification */
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS  "aAbBcCdDeFgGhHIjmMnprRStTuUVwWxXyYzZ%" \
+    "||" "EcECExEXEyEY" "OdOeOHOIOmOMOSOuOUOVOwOWOy"  /* two-char options */
+#endif
+
+#endif					/* } */
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for time-related stuff
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** type to represent time_t in Lua
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_NUMTIME)	/* { */
+
+#define l_timet			lua_Integer
+#define l_pushtime(L,t)		lua_pushinteger(L,(lua_Integer)(t))
+#define l_gettime(L,arg)	luaL_checkinteger(L, arg)
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#define l_timet			lua_Number
+#define l_pushtime(L,t)		lua_pushnumber(L,(lua_Number)(t))
+#define l_gettime(L,arg)	luaL_checknumber(L, arg)
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_gmtime)		/* { */
+/*
+** By default, Lua uses gmtime/localtime, except when POSIX is available,
+** where it uses gmtime_r/localtime_r
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#define l_gmtime(t,r)		gmtime_r(t,r)
+#define l_localtime(t,r)	localtime_r(t,r)
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define l_gmtime(t,r)		((void)(r)->tm_sec, gmtime(t))
+#define l_localtime(t,r)	((void)(r)->tm_sec, localtime(t))
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for 'tmpnam':
+** By default, Lua uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where
+** it uses mkstemp.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_tmpnam)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE	32
+
+#if !defined(LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE)
+#define LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE	"/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"
+#endif
+
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \
+        strcpy(b, LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE); \
+        e = mkstemp(b); \
+        if (e != -1) close(e); \
+        e = (e == -1); }
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE	L_tmpnam
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e)		{ e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); }
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_system)
+#if defined(LUA_USE_IOS)
+/* Despite claiming to be ISO C, iOS does not implement 'system'. */
+#define l_system(cmd) ((cmd) == NULL ? 0 : -1)
+#else
+#define l_system(cmd)	system(cmd)  /* default definition */
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+static int os_execute (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *cmd = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  int stat;
+  errno = 0;
+  stat = l_system(cmd);
+  if (cmd != NULL)
+    return luaL_execresult(L, stat);
+  else {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, stat);  /* true if there is a shell */
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int os_remove (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, remove(filename) == 0, filename);
+}
+
+
+static int os_rename (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *fromname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *toname = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int os_tmpname (lua_State *L) {
+  char buff[LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE];
+  int err;
+  lua_tmpnam(buff, err);
+  if (l_unlikely(err))
+    return luaL_error(L, "unable to generate a unique filename");
+  lua_pushstring(L, buff);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_getenv (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, getenv(luaL_checkstring(L, 1)));  /* if NULL push nil */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_clock (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, ((lua_Number)clock())/(lua_Number)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Time/Date operations
+** { year=%Y, month=%m, day=%d, hour=%H, min=%M, sec=%S,
+**   wday=%w+1, yday=%j, isdst=? }
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** About the overflow check: an overflow cannot occur when time
+** is represented by a lua_Integer, because either lua_Integer is
+** large enough to represent all int fields or it is not large enough
+** to represent a time that cause a field to overflow.  However, if
+** times are represented as doubles and lua_Integer is int, then the
+** time 0x1.e1853b0d184f6p+55 would cause an overflow when adding 1900
+** to compute the year.
+*/
+static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value, int delta) {
+  #if (defined(LUA_NUMTIME) && LUA_MAXINTEGER <= INT_MAX)
+    if (l_unlikely(value > LUA_MAXINTEGER - delta))
+      luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is out-of-bound", key);
+  #endif
+  lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)value + delta);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+
+static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
+  if (value < 0)  /* undefined? */
+    return;  /* does not set field */
+  lua_pushboolean(L, value);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set all fields from structure 'tm' in the table on top of the stack
+*/
+static void setallfields (lua_State *L, struct tm *stm) {
+  setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year, 1900);
+  setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon, 1);
+  setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday, 0);
+  setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour, 0);
+  setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min, 0);
+  setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec, 0);
+  setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday, 1);
+  setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday, 1);
+  setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst);
+}
+
+
+static int getboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key) {
+  int res;
+  res = (lua_getfield(L, -1, key) == LUA_TNIL) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d, int delta) {
+  int isnum;
+  int t = lua_getfield(L, -1, key);  /* get field and its type */
+  lua_Integer res = lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
+  if (!isnum) {  /* field is not an integer? */
+    if (l_unlikely(t != LUA_TNIL))  /* some other value? */
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is not an integer", key);
+    else if (l_unlikely(d < 0))  /* absent field; no default? */
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' missing in date table", key);
+    res = d;
+  }
+  else {
+    if (!(res >= 0 ? res - delta <= INT_MAX : INT_MIN + delta <= res))
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is out-of-bound", key);
+    res -= delta;
+  }
+  lua_pop(L, 1);
+  return (int)res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *checkoption (lua_State *L, const char *conv,
+                                ptrdiff_t convlen, char *buff) {
+  const char *option = LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS;
+  int oplen = 1;  /* length of options being checked */
+  for (; *option != '\0' && oplen <= convlen; option += oplen) {
+    if (*option == '|')  /* next block? */
+      oplen++;  /* will check options with next length (+1) */
+    else if (memcmp(conv, option, oplen) == 0) {  /* match? */
+      memcpy(buff, conv, oplen);  /* copy valid option to buffer */
+      buff[oplen] = '\0';
+      return conv + oplen;  /* return next item */
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_argerror(L, 1,
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid conversion specifier '%%%s'", conv));
+  return conv;  /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+static time_t l_checktime (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  l_timet t = l_gettime(L, arg);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, (time_t)t == t, arg, "time out-of-bounds");
+  return (time_t)t;
+}
+
+
+/* maximum size for an individual 'strftime' item */
+#define SIZETIMEFMT	250
+
+
+static int os_date (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t slen;
+  const char *s = luaL_optlstring(L, 1, "%c", &slen);
+  time_t t = luaL_opt(L, l_checktime, 2, time(NULL));
+  const char *se = s + slen;  /* 's' end */
+  struct tm tmr, *stm;
+  if (*s == '!') {  /* UTC? */
+    stm = l_gmtime(&t, &tmr);
+    s++;  /* skip '!' */
+  }
+  else
+    stm = l_localtime(&t, &tmr);
+  if (stm == NULL)  /* invalid date? */
+    return luaL_error(L,
+                 "date result cannot be represented in this installation");
+  if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) {
+    lua_createtable(L, 0, 9);  /* 9 = number of fields */
+    setallfields(L, stm);
+  }
+  else {
+    char cc[4];  /* buffer for individual conversion specifiers */
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    cc[0] = '%';
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+    while (s < se) {
+      if (*s != '%')  /* not a conversion specifier? */
+        luaL_addchar(&b, *s++);
+      else {
+        size_t reslen;
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, SIZETIMEFMT);
+        s++;  /* skip '%' */
+        s = checkoption(L, s, se - s, cc + 1);  /* copy specifier to 'cc' */
+        reslen = strftime(buff, SIZETIMEFMT, cc, stm);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, reslen);
+      }
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_time (lua_State *L) {
+  time_t t;
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1))  /* called without args? */
+    t = time(NULL);  /* get current time */
+  else {
+    struct tm ts;
+    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* make sure table is at the top */
+    ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1, 1900);
+    ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1, 1);
+    ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1, 0);
+    ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12, 0);
+    ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0, 0);
+    ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0, 0);
+    ts.tm_isdst = getboolfield(L, "isdst");
+    t = mktime(&ts);
+    setallfields(L, &ts);  /* update fields with normalized values */
+  }
+  if (t != (time_t)(l_timet)t || t == (time_t)(-1))
+    return luaL_error(L,
+                  "time result cannot be represented in this installation");
+  l_pushtime(L, t);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_difftime (lua_State *L) {
+  time_t t1 = l_checktime(L, 1);
+  time_t t2 = l_checktime(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)difftime(t1, t2));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int os_setlocale (lua_State *L) {
+  static const int cat[] = {LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY,
+                      LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME};
+  static const char *const catnames[] = {"all", "collate", "ctype", "monetary",
+     "numeric", "time", NULL};
+  const char *l = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "all", catnames);
+  lua_pushstring(L, setlocale(cat[op], l));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_exit (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  if (lua_isboolean(L, 1))
+    status = (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
+  else
+    status = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS);
+  if (lua_toboolean(L, 2))
+    lua_close(L);
+  if (L) exit(status);  /* 'if' to avoid warnings for unreachable 'return' */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg syslib[] = {
+  {"clock",     os_clock},
+  {"date",      os_date},
+  {"difftime",  os_difftime},
+  {"execute",   os_execute},
+  {"exit",      os_exit},
+  {"getenv",    os_getenv},
+  {"remove",    os_remove},
+  {"rename",    os_rename},
+  {"setlocale", os_setlocale},
+  {"time",      os_time},
+  {"tmpname",   os_tmpname},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_os (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, syslib);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lparser.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lparser.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b745f236f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lparser.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1967 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.c $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lparser_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+
+/* maximum number of local variables per function (must be smaller
+   than 250, due to the bytecode format) */
+#define MAXVARS		200
+
+
+#define hasmultret(k)		((k) == VCALL || (k) == VVARARG)
+
+
+/* because all strings are unified by the scanner, the parser
+   can use pointer equality for string equality */
+#define eqstr(a,b)	((a) == (b))
+
+
+/*
+** nodes for block list (list of active blocks)
+*/
+typedef struct BlockCnt {
+  struct BlockCnt *previous;  /* chain */
+  int firstlabel;  /* index of first label in this block */
+  int firstgoto;  /* index of first pending goto in this block */
+  lu_byte nactvar;  /* # active locals outside the block */
+  lu_byte upval;  /* true if some variable in the block is an upvalue */
+  lu_byte isloop;  /* true if 'block' is a loop */
+  lu_byte insidetbc;  /* true if inside the scope of a to-be-closed var. */
+} BlockCnt;
+
+
+
+/*
+** prototypes for recursive non-terminal functions
+*/
+static void statement (LexState *ls);
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v);
+
+
+static l_noret error_expected (LexState *ls, int token) {
+  luaX_syntaxerror(ls,
+      luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s expected", luaX_token2str(ls, token)));
+}
+
+
+static l_noret errorlimit (FuncState *fs, int limit, const char *what) {
+  lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+  const char *msg;
+  int line = fs->f->linedefined;
+  const char *where = (line == 0)
+                      ? "main function"
+                      : luaO_pushfstring(L, "function at line %d", line);
+  msg = luaO_pushfstring(L, "too many %s (limit is %d) in %s",
+                             what, limit, where);
+  luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void checklimit (FuncState *fs, int v, int l, const char *what) {
+  if (v > l) errorlimit(fs, l, what);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Test whether next token is 'c'; if so, skip it.
+*/
+static int testnext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  if (ls->t.token == c) {
+    luaX_next(ls);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check that next token is 'c'.
+*/
+static void check (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  if (ls->t.token != c)
+    error_expected(ls, c);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check that next token is 'c' and skip it.
+*/
+static void checknext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  check(ls, c);
+  luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+#define check_condition(ls,c,msg)	{ if (!(c)) luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg); }
+
+
+/*
+** Check that next token is 'what' and skip it. In case of error,
+** raise an error that the expected 'what' should match a 'who'
+** in line 'where' (if that is not the current line).
+*/
+static void check_match (LexState *ls, int what, int who, int where) {
+  if (l_unlikely(!testnext(ls, what))) {
+    if (where == ls->linenumber)  /* all in the same line? */
+      error_expected(ls, what);  /* do not need a complex message */
+    else {
+      luaX_syntaxerror(ls, luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+             "%s expected (to close %s at line %d)",
+              luaX_token2str(ls, what), luaX_token2str(ls, who), where));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static TString *str_checkname (LexState *ls) {
+  TString *ts;
+  check(ls, TK_NAME);
+  ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+  luaX_next(ls);
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+static void init_exp (expdesc *e, expkind k, int i) {
+  e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+  e->k = k;
+  e->u.info = i;
+}
+
+
+static void codestring (expdesc *e, TString *s) {
+  e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+  e->k = VKSTR;
+  e->u.strval = s;
+}
+
+
+static void codename (LexState *ls, expdesc *e) {
+  codestring(e, str_checkname(ls));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Register a new local variable in the active 'Proto' (for debug
+** information).
+*/
+static int registerlocalvar (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs, TString *varname) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int oldsize = f->sizelocvars;
+  luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->locvars, fs->ndebugvars, f->sizelocvars,
+                  LocVar, SHRT_MAX, "local variables");
+  while (oldsize < f->sizelocvars)
+    f->locvars[oldsize++].varname = NULL;
+  f->locvars[fs->ndebugvars].varname = varname;
+  f->locvars[fs->ndebugvars].startpc = fs->pc;
+  luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, varname);
+  return fs->ndebugvars++;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a new local variable with the given 'name'. Return its index
+** in the function.
+*/
+static int new_localvar (LexState *ls, TString *name) {
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Dyndata *dyd = ls->dyd;
+  Vardesc *var;
+  checklimit(fs, dyd->actvar.n + 1 - fs->firstlocal,
+                 MAXVARS, "local variables");
+  luaM_growvector(L, dyd->actvar.arr, dyd->actvar.n + 1,
+                  dyd->actvar.size, Vardesc, USHRT_MAX, "local variables");
+  var = &dyd->actvar.arr[dyd->actvar.n++];
+  var->vd.kind = VDKREG;  /* default */
+  var->vd.name = name;
+  return dyd->actvar.n - 1 - fs->firstlocal;
+}
+
+#define new_localvarliteral(ls,v) \
+    new_localvar(ls,  \
+      luaX_newstring(ls, "" v, (sizeof(v)/sizeof(char)) - 1));
+
+
+
+/*
+** Return the "variable description" (Vardesc) of a given variable.
+** (Unless noted otherwise, all variables are referred to by their
+** compiler indices.)
+*/
+static Vardesc *getlocalvardesc (FuncState *fs, int vidx) {
+  return &fs->ls->dyd->actvar.arr[fs->firstlocal + vidx];
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert 'nvar', a compiler index level, to its corresponding
+** register. For that, search for the highest variable below that level
+** that is in a register and uses its register index ('ridx') plus one.
+*/
+static int reglevel (FuncState *fs, int nvar) {
+  while (nvar-- > 0) {
+    Vardesc *vd = getlocalvardesc(fs, nvar);  /* get previous variable */
+    if (vd->vd.kind != RDKCTC)  /* is in a register? */
+      return vd->vd.ridx + 1;
+  }
+  return 0;  /* no variables in registers */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return the number of variables in the register stack for the given
+** function.
+*/
+int luaY_nvarstack (FuncState *fs) {
+  return reglevel(fs, fs->nactvar);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the debug-information entry for current variable 'vidx'.
+*/
+static LocVar *localdebuginfo (FuncState *fs, int vidx) {
+  Vardesc *vd = getlocalvardesc(fs,  vidx);
+  if (vd->vd.kind == RDKCTC)
+    return NULL;  /* no debug info. for constants */
+  else {
+    int idx = vd->vd.pidx;
+    lua_assert(idx < fs->ndebugvars);
+    return &fs->f->locvars[idx];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create an expression representing variable 'vidx'
+*/
+static void init_var (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int vidx) {
+  e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+  e->k = VLOCAL;
+  e->u.var.vidx = vidx;
+  e->u.var.ridx = getlocalvardesc(fs, vidx)->vd.ridx;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Raises an error if variable described by 'e' is read only
+*/
+static void check_readonly (LexState *ls, expdesc *e) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  TString *varname = NULL;  /* to be set if variable is const */
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VCONST: {
+      varname = ls->dyd->actvar.arr[e->u.info].vd.name;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VLOCAL: {
+      Vardesc *vardesc = getlocalvardesc(fs, e->u.var.vidx);
+      if (vardesc->vd.kind != VDKREG)  /* not a regular variable? */
+        varname = vardesc->vd.name;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VUPVAL: {
+      Upvaldesc *up = &fs->f->upvalues[e->u.info];
+      if (up->kind != VDKREG)
+        varname = up->name;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return;  /* other cases cannot be read-only */
+  }
+  if (varname) {
+    const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+       "attempt to assign to const variable '%s'", getstr(varname));
+    luaK_semerror(ls, msg);  /* error */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Start the scope for the last 'nvars' created variables.
+*/
+static void adjustlocalvars (LexState *ls, int nvars) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int reglevel = luaY_nvarstack(fs);
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < nvars; i++) {
+    int vidx = fs->nactvar++;
+    Vardesc *var = getlocalvardesc(fs, vidx);
+    var->vd.ridx = reglevel++;
+    var->vd.pidx = registerlocalvar(ls, fs, var->vd.name);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Close the scope for all variables up to level 'tolevel'.
+** (debug info.)
+*/
+static void removevars (FuncState *fs, int tolevel) {
+  fs->ls->dyd->actvar.n -= (fs->nactvar - tolevel);
+  while (fs->nactvar > tolevel) {
+    LocVar *var = localdebuginfo(fs, --fs->nactvar);
+    if (var)  /* does it have debug information? */
+      var->endpc = fs->pc;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Search the upvalues of the function 'fs' for one
+** with the given 'name'.
+*/
+static int searchupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name) {
+  int i;
+  Upvaldesc *up = fs->f->upvalues;
+  for (i = 0; i < fs->nups; i++) {
+    if (eqstr(up[i].name, name)) return i;
+  }
+  return -1;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static Upvaldesc *allocupvalue (FuncState *fs) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int oldsize = f->sizeupvalues;
+  checklimit(fs, fs->nups + 1, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
+  luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->upvalues, fs->nups, f->sizeupvalues,
+                  Upvaldesc, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
+  while (oldsize < f->sizeupvalues)
+    f->upvalues[oldsize++].name = NULL;
+  return &f->upvalues[fs->nups++];
+}
+
+
+static int newupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name, expdesc *v) {
+  Upvaldesc *up = allocupvalue(fs);
+  FuncState *prev = fs->prev;
+  if (v->k == VLOCAL) {
+    up->instack = 1;
+    up->idx = v->u.var.ridx;
+    up->kind = getlocalvardesc(prev, v->u.var.vidx)->vd.kind;
+    lua_assert(eqstr(name, getlocalvardesc(prev, v->u.var.vidx)->vd.name));
+  }
+  else {
+    up->instack = 0;
+    up->idx = cast_byte(v->u.info);
+    up->kind = prev->f->upvalues[v->u.info].kind;
+    lua_assert(eqstr(name, prev->f->upvalues[v->u.info].name));
+  }
+  up->name = name;
+  luaC_objbarrier(fs->ls->L, fs->f, name);
+  return fs->nups - 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Look for an active local variable with the name 'n' in the
+** function 'fs'. If found, initialize 'var' with it and return
+** its expression kind; otherwise return -1.
+*/
+static int searchvar (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = cast_int(fs->nactvar) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    Vardesc *vd = getlocalvardesc(fs, i);
+    if (eqstr(n, vd->vd.name)) {  /* found? */
+      if (vd->vd.kind == RDKCTC)  /* compile-time constant? */
+        init_exp(var, VCONST, fs->firstlocal + i);
+      else  /* real variable */
+        init_var(fs, var, i);
+      return var->k;
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Mark block where variable at given level was defined
+** (to emit close instructions later).
+*/
+static void markupval (FuncState *fs, int level) {
+  BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+  while (bl->nactvar > level)
+    bl = bl->previous;
+  bl->upval = 1;
+  fs->needclose = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Mark that current block has a to-be-closed variable.
+*/
+static void marktobeclosed (FuncState *fs) {
+  BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+  bl->upval = 1;
+  bl->insidetbc = 1;
+  fs->needclose = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find a variable with the given name 'n'. If it is an upvalue, add
+** this upvalue into all intermediate functions. If it is a global, set
+** 'var' as 'void' as a flag.
+*/
+static void singlevaraux (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var, int base) {
+  if (fs == NULL)  /* no more levels? */
+    init_exp(var, VVOID, 0);  /* default is global */
+  else {
+    int v = searchvar(fs, n, var);  /* look up locals at current level */
+    if (v >= 0) {  /* found? */
+      if (v == VLOCAL && !base)
+        markupval(fs, var->u.var.vidx);  /* local will be used as an upval */
+    }
+    else {  /* not found as local at current level; try upvalues */
+      int idx = searchupvalue(fs, n);  /* try existing upvalues */
+      if (idx < 0) {  /* not found? */
+        singlevaraux(fs->prev, n, var, 0);  /* try upper levels */
+        if (var->k == VLOCAL || var->k == VUPVAL)  /* local or upvalue? */
+          idx  = newupvalue(fs, n, var);  /* will be a new upvalue */
+        else  /* it is a global or a constant */
+          return;  /* don't need to do anything at this level */
+      }
+      init_exp(var, VUPVAL, idx);  /* new or old upvalue */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find a variable with the given name 'n', handling global variables
+** too.
+*/
+static void singlevar (LexState *ls, expdesc *var) {
+  TString *varname = str_checkname(ls);
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  singlevaraux(fs, varname, var, 1);
+  if (var->k == VVOID) {  /* global name? */
+    expdesc key;
+    singlevaraux(fs, ls->envn, var, 1);  /* get environment variable */
+    lua_assert(var->k != VVOID);  /* this one must exist */
+    luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, var);  /* but could be a constant */
+    codestring(&key, varname);  /* key is variable name */
+    luaK_indexed(fs, var, &key);  /* env[varname] */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Adjust the number of results from an expression list 'e' with 'nexps'
+** expressions to 'nvars' values.
+*/
+static void adjust_assign (LexState *ls, int nvars, int nexps, expdesc *e) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int needed = nvars - nexps;  /* extra values needed */
+  if (hasmultret(e->k)) {  /* last expression has multiple returns? */
+    int extra = needed + 1;  /* discount last expression itself */
+    if (extra < 0)
+      extra = 0;
+    luaK_setreturns(fs, e, extra);  /* last exp. provides the difference */
+  }
+  else {
+    if (e->k != VVOID)  /* at least one expression? */
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e);  /* close last expression */
+    if (needed > 0)  /* missing values? */
+      luaK_nil(fs, fs->freereg, needed);  /* complete with nils */
+  }
+  if (needed > 0)
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, needed);  /* registers for extra values */
+  else  /* adding 'needed' is actually a subtraction */
+    fs->freereg += needed;  /* remove extra values */
+}
+
+
+#define enterlevel(ls)	luaE_incCstack(ls->L)
+
+
+#define leavelevel(ls) ((ls)->L->nCcalls--)
+
+
+/*
+** Generates an error that a goto jumps into the scope of some
+** local variable.
+*/
+static l_noret jumpscopeerror (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *gt) {
+  const char *varname = getstr(getlocalvardesc(ls->fs, gt->nactvar)->vd.name);
+  const char *msg = "<goto %s> at line %d jumps into the scope of local '%s'";
+  msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, getstr(gt->name), gt->line, varname);
+  luaK_semerror(ls, msg);  /* raise the error */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Solves the goto at index 'g' to given 'label' and removes it
+** from the list of pending gotos.
+** If it jumps into the scope of some variable, raises an error.
+*/
+static void solvegoto (LexState *ls, int g, Labeldesc *label) {
+  int i;
+  Labellist *gl = &ls->dyd->gt;  /* list of gotos */
+  Labeldesc *gt = &gl->arr[g];  /* goto to be resolved */
+  lua_assert(eqstr(gt->name, label->name));
+  if (l_unlikely(gt->nactvar < label->nactvar))  /* enter some scope? */
+    jumpscopeerror(ls, gt);
+  luaK_patchlist(ls->fs, gt->pc, label->pc);
+  for (i = g; i < gl->n - 1; i++)  /* remove goto from pending list */
+    gl->arr[i] = gl->arr[i + 1];
+  gl->n--;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Search for an active label with the given name.
+*/
+static Labeldesc *findlabel (LexState *ls, TString *name) {
+  int i;
+  Dyndata *dyd = ls->dyd;
+  /* check labels in current function for a match */
+  for (i = ls->fs->firstlabel; i < dyd->label.n; i++) {
+    Labeldesc *lb = &dyd->label.arr[i];
+    if (eqstr(lb->name, name))  /* correct label? */
+      return lb;
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* label not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Adds a new label/goto in the corresponding list.
+*/
+static int newlabelentry (LexState *ls, Labellist *l, TString *name,
+                          int line, int pc) {
+  int n = l->n;
+  luaM_growvector(ls->L, l->arr, n, l->size,
+                  Labeldesc, SHRT_MAX, "labels/gotos");
+  l->arr[n].name = name;
+  l->arr[n].line = line;
+  l->arr[n].nactvar = ls->fs->nactvar;
+  l->arr[n].close = 0;
+  l->arr[n].pc = pc;
+  l->n = n + 1;
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static int newgotoentry (LexState *ls, TString *name, int line, int pc) {
+  return newlabelentry(ls, &ls->dyd->gt, name, line, pc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Solves forward jumps. Check whether new label 'lb' matches any
+** pending gotos in current block and solves them. Return true
+** if any of the gotos need to close upvalues.
+*/
+static int solvegotos (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *lb) {
+  Labellist *gl = &ls->dyd->gt;
+  int i = ls->fs->bl->firstgoto;
+  int needsclose = 0;
+  while (i < gl->n) {
+    if (eqstr(gl->arr[i].name, lb->name)) {
+      needsclose |= gl->arr[i].close;
+      solvegoto(ls, i, lb);  /* will remove 'i' from the list */
+    }
+    else
+      i++;
+  }
+  return needsclose;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a new label with the given 'name' at the given 'line'.
+** 'last' tells whether label is the last non-op statement in its
+** block. Solves all pending gotos to this new label and adds
+** a close instruction if necessary.
+** Returns true iff it added a close instruction.
+*/
+static int createlabel (LexState *ls, TString *name, int line,
+                        int last) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Labellist *ll = &ls->dyd->label;
+  int l = newlabelentry(ls, ll, name, line, luaK_getlabel(fs));
+  if (last) {  /* label is last no-op statement in the block? */
+    /* assume that locals are already out of scope */
+    ll->arr[l].nactvar = fs->bl->nactvar;
+  }
+  if (solvegotos(ls, &ll->arr[l])) {  /* need close? */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, luaY_nvarstack(fs), 0, 0);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Adjust pending gotos to outer level of a block.
+*/
+static void movegotosout (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+  int i;
+  Labellist *gl = &fs->ls->dyd->gt;
+  /* correct pending gotos to current block */
+  for (i = bl->firstgoto; i < gl->n; i++) {  /* for each pending goto */
+    Labeldesc *gt = &gl->arr[i];
+    /* leaving a variable scope? */
+    if (reglevel(fs, gt->nactvar) > reglevel(fs, bl->nactvar))
+      gt->close |= bl->upval;  /* jump may need a close */
+    gt->nactvar = bl->nactvar;  /* update goto level */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void enterblock (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl, lu_byte isloop) {
+  bl->isloop = isloop;
+  bl->nactvar = fs->nactvar;
+  bl->firstlabel = fs->ls->dyd->label.n;
+  bl->firstgoto = fs->ls->dyd->gt.n;
+  bl->upval = 0;
+  bl->insidetbc = (fs->bl != NULL && fs->bl->insidetbc);
+  bl->previous = fs->bl;
+  fs->bl = bl;
+  lua_assert(fs->freereg == luaY_nvarstack(fs));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** generates an error for an undefined 'goto'.
+*/
+static l_noret undefgoto (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *gt) {
+  const char *msg;
+  if (eqstr(gt->name, luaS_newliteral(ls->L, "break"))) {
+    msg = "break outside loop at line %d";
+    msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, gt->line);
+  }
+  else {
+    msg = "no visible label '%s' for <goto> at line %d";
+    msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, getstr(gt->name), gt->line);
+  }
+  luaK_semerror(ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void leaveblock (FuncState *fs) {
+  BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+  LexState *ls = fs->ls;
+  int hasclose = 0;
+  int stklevel = reglevel(fs, bl->nactvar);  /* level outside the block */
+  removevars(fs, bl->nactvar);  /* remove block locals */
+  lua_assert(bl->nactvar == fs->nactvar);  /* back to level on entry */
+  if (bl->isloop)  /* has to fix pending breaks? */
+    hasclose = createlabel(ls, luaS_newliteral(ls->L, "break"), 0, 0);
+  if (!hasclose && bl->previous && bl->upval)  /* still need a 'close'? */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, stklevel, 0, 0);
+  fs->freereg = stklevel;  /* free registers */
+  ls->dyd->label.n = bl->firstlabel;  /* remove local labels */
+  fs->bl = bl->previous;  /* current block now is previous one */
+  if (bl->previous)  /* was it a nested block? */
+    movegotosout(fs, bl);  /* update pending gotos to enclosing block */
+  else {
+    if (bl->firstgoto < ls->dyd->gt.n)  /* still pending gotos? */
+      undefgoto(ls, &ls->dyd->gt.arr[bl->firstgoto]);  /* error */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** adds a new prototype into list of prototypes
+*/
+static Proto *addprototype (LexState *ls) {
+  Proto *clp;
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;  /* prototype of current function */
+  if (fs->np >= f->sizep) {
+    int oldsize = f->sizep;
+    luaM_growvector(L, f->p, fs->np, f->sizep, Proto *, MAXARG_Bx, "functions");
+    while (oldsize < f->sizep)
+      f->p[oldsize++] = NULL;
+  }
+  f->p[fs->np++] = clp = luaF_newproto(L);
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, f, clp);
+  return clp;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** codes instruction to create new closure in parent function.
+** The OP_CLOSURE instruction uses the last available register,
+** so that, if it invokes the GC, the GC knows which registers
+** are in use at that time.
+
+*/
+static void codeclosure (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs->prev;
+  init_exp(v, VRELOC, luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_CLOSURE, 0, fs->np - 1));
+  luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);  /* fix it at the last register */
+}
+
+
+static void open_func (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  fs->prev = ls->fs;  /* linked list of funcstates */
+  fs->ls = ls;
+  ls->fs = fs;
+  fs->pc = 0;
+  fs->previousline = f->linedefined;
+  fs->iwthabs = 0;
+  fs->lasttarget = 0;
+  fs->freereg = 0;
+  fs->nk = 0;
+  fs->nabslineinfo = 0;
+  fs->np = 0;
+  fs->nups = 0;
+  fs->ndebugvars = 0;
+  fs->nactvar = 0;
+  fs->needclose = 0;
+  fs->firstlocal = ls->dyd->actvar.n;
+  fs->firstlabel = ls->dyd->label.n;
+  fs->bl = NULL;
+  f->source = ls->source;
+  luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, f->source);
+  f->maxstacksize = 2;  /* registers 0/1 are always valid */
+  enterblock(fs, bl, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void close_func (LexState *ls) {
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  luaK_ret(fs, luaY_nvarstack(fs), 0);  /* final return */
+  leaveblock(fs);
+  lua_assert(fs->bl == NULL);
+  luaK_finish(fs);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->code, f->sizecode, fs->pc, Instruction);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, fs->pc, ls_byte);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->abslineinfo, f->sizeabslineinfo,
+                       fs->nabslineinfo, AbsLineInfo);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->k, f->sizek, fs->nk, TValue);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->p, f->sizep, fs->np, Proto *);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, fs->ndebugvars, LocVar);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, fs->nups, Upvaldesc);
+  ls->fs = fs->prev;
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*============================================================*/
+/* GRAMMAR RULES */
+/*============================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** check whether current token is in the follow set of a block.
+** 'until' closes syntactical blocks, but do not close scope,
+** so it is handled in separate.
+*/
+static int block_follow (LexState *ls, int withuntil) {
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case TK_ELSE: case TK_ELSEIF:
+    case TK_END: case TK_EOS:
+      return 1;
+    case TK_UNTIL: return withuntil;
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void statlist (LexState *ls) {
+  /* statlist -> { stat [';'] } */
+  while (!block_follow(ls, 1)) {
+    if (ls->t.token == TK_RETURN) {
+      statement(ls);
+      return;  /* 'return' must be last statement */
+    }
+    statement(ls);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void fieldsel (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* fieldsel -> ['.' | ':'] NAME */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc key;
+  luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, v);
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip the dot or colon */
+  codename(ls, &key);
+  luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+}
+
+
+static void yindex (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* index -> '[' expr ']' */
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip the '[' */
+  expr(ls, v);
+  luaK_exp2val(ls->fs, v);
+  checknext(ls, ']');
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Constructors
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+typedef struct ConsControl {
+  expdesc v;  /* last list item read */
+  expdesc *t;  /* table descriptor */
+  int nh;  /* total number of 'record' elements */
+  int na;  /* number of array elements already stored */
+  int tostore;  /* number of array elements pending to be stored */
+} ConsControl;
+
+
+static void recfield (LexState *ls, ConsControl *cc) {
+  /* recfield -> (NAME | '['exp']') = exp */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int reg = ls->fs->freereg;
+  expdesc tab, key, val;
+  if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME) {
+    checklimit(fs, cc->nh, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+    codename(ls, &key);
+  }
+  else  /* ls->t.token == '[' */
+    yindex(ls, &key);
+  cc->nh++;
+  checknext(ls, '=');
+  tab = *cc->t;
+  luaK_indexed(fs, &tab, &key);
+  expr(ls, &val);
+  luaK_storevar(fs, &tab, &val);
+  fs->freereg = reg;  /* free registers */
+}
+
+
+static void closelistfield (FuncState *fs, ConsControl *cc) {
+  if (cc->v.k == VVOID) return;  /* there is no list item */
+  luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+  cc->v.k = VVOID;
+  if (cc->tostore == LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) {
+    luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, cc->tostore);  /* flush */
+    cc->na += cc->tostore;
+    cc->tostore = 0;  /* no more items pending */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void lastlistfield (FuncState *fs, ConsControl *cc) {
+  if (cc->tostore == 0) return;
+  if (hasmultret(cc->v.k)) {
+    luaK_setmultret(fs, &cc->v);
+    luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, LUA_MULTRET);
+    cc->na--;  /* do not count last expression (unknown number of elements) */
+  }
+  else {
+    if (cc->v.k != VVOID)
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+    luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, cc->tostore);
+  }
+  cc->na += cc->tostore;
+}
+
+
+static void listfield (LexState *ls, ConsControl *cc) {
+  /* listfield -> exp */
+  expr(ls, &cc->v);
+  cc->tostore++;
+}
+
+
+static void field (LexState *ls, ConsControl *cc) {
+  /* field -> listfield | recfield */
+  switch(ls->t.token) {
+    case TK_NAME: {  /* may be 'listfield' or 'recfield' */
+      if (luaX_lookahead(ls) != '=')  /* expression? */
+        listfield(ls, cc);
+      else
+        recfield(ls, cc);
+      break;
+    }
+    case '[': {
+      recfield(ls, cc);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      listfield(ls, cc);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void constructor (LexState *ls, expdesc *t) {
+  /* constructor -> '{' [ field { sep field } [sep] ] '}'
+     sep -> ',' | ';' */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int line = ls->linenumber;
+  int pc = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NEWTABLE, 0, 0, 0);
+  ConsControl cc;
+  luaK_code(fs, 0);  /* space for extra arg. */
+  cc.na = cc.nh = cc.tostore = 0;
+  cc.t = t;
+  init_exp(t, VNONRELOC, fs->freereg);  /* table will be at stack top */
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  init_exp(&cc.v, VVOID, 0);  /* no value (yet) */
+  checknext(ls, '{');
+  do {
+    lua_assert(cc.v.k == VVOID || cc.tostore > 0);
+    if (ls->t.token == '}') break;
+    closelistfield(fs, &cc);
+    field(ls, &cc);
+  } while (testnext(ls, ',') || testnext(ls, ';'));
+  check_match(ls, '}', '{', line);
+  lastlistfield(fs, &cc);
+  luaK_settablesize(fs, pc, t->u.info, cc.na, cc.nh);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+static void setvararg (FuncState *fs, int nparams) {
+  fs->f->is_vararg = 1;
+  luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARGPREP, nparams, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void parlist (LexState *ls) {
+  /* parlist -> [ {NAME ','} (NAME | '...') ] */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int nparams = 0;
+  int isvararg = 0;
+  if (ls->t.token != ')') {  /* is 'parlist' not empty? */
+    do {
+      switch (ls->t.token) {
+        case TK_NAME: {
+          new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+          nparams++;
+          break;
+        }
+        case TK_DOTS: {
+          luaX_next(ls);
+          isvararg = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "<name> or '...' expected");
+      }
+    } while (!isvararg && testnext(ls, ','));
+  }
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, nparams);
+  f->numparams = cast_byte(fs->nactvar);
+  if (isvararg)
+    setvararg(fs, f->numparams);  /* declared vararg */
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, fs->nactvar);  /* reserve registers for parameters */
+}
+
+
+static void body (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, int ismethod, int line) {
+  /* body ->  '(' parlist ')' block END */
+  FuncState new_fs;
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  new_fs.f = addprototype(ls);
+  new_fs.f->linedefined = line;
+  open_func(ls, &new_fs, &bl);
+  checknext(ls, '(');
+  if (ismethod) {
+    new_localvarliteral(ls, "self");  /* create 'self' parameter */
+    adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);
+  }
+  parlist(ls);
+  checknext(ls, ')');
+  statlist(ls);
+  new_fs.f->lastlinedefined = ls->linenumber;
+  check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FUNCTION, line);
+  codeclosure(ls, e);
+  close_func(ls);
+}
+
+
+static int explist (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* explist -> expr { ',' expr } */
+  int n = 1;  /* at least one expression */
+  expr(ls, v);
+  while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+    luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, v);
+    expr(ls, v);
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static void funcargs (LexState *ls, expdesc *f, int line) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc args;
+  int base, nparams;
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case '(': {  /* funcargs -> '(' [ explist ] ')' */
+      luaX_next(ls);
+      if (ls->t.token == ')')  /* arg list is empty? */
+        args.k = VVOID;
+      else {
+        explist(ls, &args);
+        if (hasmultret(args.k))
+          luaK_setmultret(fs, &args);
+      }
+      check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case '{': {  /* funcargs -> constructor */
+      constructor(ls, &args);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_STRING: {  /* funcargs -> STRING */
+      codestring(&args, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* must use 'seminfo' before 'next' */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "function arguments expected");
+    }
+  }
+  lua_assert(f->k == VNONRELOC);
+  base = f->u.info;  /* base register for call */
+  if (hasmultret(args.k))
+    nparams = LUA_MULTRET;  /* open call */
+  else {
+    if (args.k != VVOID)
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &args);  /* close last argument */
+    nparams = fs->freereg - (base+1);
+  }
+  init_exp(f, VCALL, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CALL, base, nparams+1, 2));
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  fs->freereg = base+1;  /* call remove function and arguments and leaves
+                            (unless changed) one result */
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Expression parsing
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void primaryexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* primaryexp -> NAME | '(' expr ')' */
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case '(': {
+      int line = ls->linenumber;
+      luaX_next(ls);
+      expr(ls, v);
+      check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+      luaK_dischargevars(ls->fs, v);
+      return;
+    }
+    case TK_NAME: {
+      singlevar(ls, v);
+      return;
+    }
+    default: {
+      luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "unexpected symbol");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void suffixedexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* suffixedexp ->
+       primaryexp { '.' NAME | '[' exp ']' | ':' NAME funcargs | funcargs } */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int line = ls->linenumber;
+  primaryexp(ls, v);
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (ls->t.token) {
+      case '.': {  /* fieldsel */
+        fieldsel(ls, v);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '[': {  /* '[' exp ']' */
+        expdesc key;
+        luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, v);
+        yindex(ls, &key);
+        luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+        break;
+      }
+      case ':': {  /* ':' NAME funcargs */
+        expdesc key;
+        luaX_next(ls);
+        codename(ls, &key);
+        luaK_self(fs, v, &key);
+        funcargs(ls, v, line);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '(': case TK_STRING: case '{': {  /* funcargs */
+        luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);
+        funcargs(ls, v, line);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void simpleexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* simpleexp -> FLT | INT | STRING | NIL | TRUE | FALSE | ... |
+                  constructor | FUNCTION body | suffixedexp */
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case TK_FLT: {
+      init_exp(v, VKFLT, 0);
+      v->u.nval = ls->t.seminfo.r;
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_INT: {
+      init_exp(v, VKINT, 0);
+      v->u.ival = ls->t.seminfo.i;
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_STRING: {
+      codestring(v, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_NIL: {
+      init_exp(v, VNIL, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_TRUE: {
+      init_exp(v, VTRUE, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_FALSE: {
+      init_exp(v, VFALSE, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_DOTS: {  /* vararg */
+      FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+      check_condition(ls, fs->f->is_vararg,
+                      "cannot use '...' outside a vararg function");
+      init_exp(v, VVARARG, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARG, 0, 0, 1));
+      break;
+    }
+    case '{': {  /* constructor */
+      constructor(ls, v);
+      return;
+    }
+    case TK_FUNCTION: {
+      luaX_next(ls);
+      body(ls, v, 0, ls->linenumber);
+      return;
+    }
+    default: {
+      suffixedexp(ls, v);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+static UnOpr getunopr (int op) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case TK_NOT: return OPR_NOT;
+    case '-': return OPR_MINUS;
+    case '~': return OPR_BNOT;
+    case '#': return OPR_LEN;
+    default: return OPR_NOUNOPR;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static BinOpr getbinopr (int op) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case '+': return OPR_ADD;
+    case '-': return OPR_SUB;
+    case '*': return OPR_MUL;
+    case '%': return OPR_MOD;
+    case '^': return OPR_POW;
+    case '/': return OPR_DIV;
+    case TK_IDIV: return OPR_IDIV;
+    case '&': return OPR_BAND;
+    case '|': return OPR_BOR;
+    case '~': return OPR_BXOR;
+    case TK_SHL: return OPR_SHL;
+    case TK_SHR: return OPR_SHR;
+    case TK_CONCAT: return OPR_CONCAT;
+    case TK_NE: return OPR_NE;
+    case TK_EQ: return OPR_EQ;
+    case '<': return OPR_LT;
+    case TK_LE: return OPR_LE;
+    case '>': return OPR_GT;
+    case TK_GE: return OPR_GE;
+    case TK_AND: return OPR_AND;
+    case TK_OR: return OPR_OR;
+    default: return OPR_NOBINOPR;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Priority table for binary operators.
+*/
+static const struct {
+  lu_byte left;  /* left priority for each binary operator */
+  lu_byte right; /* right priority */
+} priority[] = {  /* ORDER OPR */
+   {10, 10}, {10, 10},           /* '+' '-' */
+   {11, 11}, {11, 11},           /* '*' '%' */
+   {14, 13},                  /* '^' (right associative) */
+   {11, 11}, {11, 11},           /* '/' '//' */
+   {6, 6}, {4, 4}, {5, 5},   /* '&' '|' '~' */
+   {7, 7}, {7, 7},           /* '<<' '>>' */
+   {9, 8},                   /* '..' (right associative) */
+   {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3},   /* ==, <, <= */
+   {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3},   /* ~=, >, >= */
+   {2, 2}, {1, 1}            /* and, or */
+};
+
+#define UNARY_PRIORITY	12  /* priority for unary operators */
+
+
+/*
+** subexpr -> (simpleexp | unop subexpr) { binop subexpr }
+** where 'binop' is any binary operator with a priority higher than 'limit'
+*/
+static BinOpr subexpr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v, int limit) {
+  BinOpr op;
+  UnOpr uop;
+  enterlevel(ls);
+  uop = getunopr(ls->t.token);
+  if (uop != OPR_NOUNOPR) {  /* prefix (unary) operator? */
+    int line = ls->linenumber;
+    luaX_next(ls);  /* skip operator */
+    subexpr(ls, v, UNARY_PRIORITY);
+    luaK_prefix(ls->fs, uop, v, line);
+  }
+  else simpleexp(ls, v);
+  /* expand while operators have priorities higher than 'limit' */
+  op = getbinopr(ls->t.token);
+  while (op != OPR_NOBINOPR && priority[op].left > limit) {
+    expdesc v2;
+    BinOpr nextop;
+    int line = ls->linenumber;
+    luaX_next(ls);  /* skip operator */
+    luaK_infix(ls->fs, op, v);
+    /* read sub-expression with higher priority */
+    nextop = subexpr(ls, &v2, priority[op].right);
+    luaK_posfix(ls->fs, op, v, &v2, line);
+    op = nextop;
+  }
+  leavelevel(ls);
+  return op;  /* return first untreated operator */
+}
+
+
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  subexpr(ls, v, 0);
+}
+
+/* }==================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Statements
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void block (LexState *ls) {
+  /* block -> statlist */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+  statlist(ls);
+  leaveblock(fs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** structure to chain all variables in the left-hand side of an
+** assignment
+*/
+struct LHS_assign {
+  struct LHS_assign *prev;
+  expdesc v;  /* variable (global, local, upvalue, or indexed) */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** check whether, in an assignment to an upvalue/local variable, the
+** upvalue/local variable is begin used in a previous assignment to a
+** table. If so, save original upvalue/local value in a safe place and
+** use this safe copy in the previous assignment.
+*/
+static void check_conflict (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, expdesc *v) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int extra = fs->freereg;  /* eventual position to save local variable */
+  int conflict = 0;
+  for (; lh; lh = lh->prev) {  /* check all previous assignments */
+    if (vkisindexed(lh->v.k)) {  /* assignment to table field? */
+      if (lh->v.k == VINDEXUP) {  /* is table an upvalue? */
+        if (v->k == VUPVAL && lh->v.u.ind.t == v->u.info) {
+          conflict = 1;  /* table is the upvalue being assigned now */
+          lh->v.k = VINDEXSTR;
+          lh->v.u.ind.t = extra;  /* assignment will use safe copy */
+        }
+      }
+      else {  /* table is a register */
+        if (v->k == VLOCAL && lh->v.u.ind.t == v->u.var.ridx) {
+          conflict = 1;  /* table is the local being assigned now */
+          lh->v.u.ind.t = extra;  /* assignment will use safe copy */
+        }
+        /* is index the local being assigned? */
+        if (lh->v.k == VINDEXED && v->k == VLOCAL &&
+            lh->v.u.ind.idx == v->u.var.ridx) {
+          conflict = 1;
+          lh->v.u.ind.idx = extra;  /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (conflict) {
+    /* copy upvalue/local value to a temporary (in position 'extra') */
+    if (v->k == VLOCAL)
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, extra, v->u.var.ridx, 0);
+    else
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, extra, v->u.info, 0);
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Parse and compile a multiple assignment. The first "variable"
+** (a 'suffixedexp') was already read by the caller.
+**
+** assignment -> suffixedexp restassign
+** restassign -> ',' suffixedexp restassign | '=' explist
+*/
+static void restassign (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, int nvars) {
+  expdesc e;
+  check_condition(ls, vkisvar(lh->v.k), "syntax error");
+  check_readonly(ls, &lh->v);
+  if (testnext(ls, ',')) {  /* restassign -> ',' suffixedexp restassign */
+    struct LHS_assign nv;
+    nv.prev = lh;
+    suffixedexp(ls, &nv.v);
+    if (!vkisindexed(nv.v.k))
+      check_conflict(ls, lh, &nv.v);
+    enterlevel(ls);  /* control recursion depth */
+    restassign(ls, &nv, nvars+1);
+    leavelevel(ls);
+  }
+  else {  /* restassign -> '=' explist */
+    int nexps;
+    checknext(ls, '=');
+    nexps = explist(ls, &e);
+    if (nexps != nvars)
+      adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+    else {
+      luaK_setoneret(ls->fs, &e);  /* close last expression */
+      luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+      return;  /* avoid default */
+    }
+  }
+  init_exp(&e, VNONRELOC, ls->fs->freereg-1);  /* default assignment */
+  luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+}
+
+
+static int cond (LexState *ls) {
+  /* cond -> exp */
+  expdesc v;
+  expr(ls, &v);  /* read condition */
+  if (v.k == VNIL) v.k = VFALSE;  /* 'falses' are all equal here */
+  luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v);
+  return v.f;
+}
+
+
+static void gotostat (LexState *ls) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int line = ls->linenumber;
+  TString *name = str_checkname(ls);  /* label's name */
+  Labeldesc *lb = findlabel(ls, name);
+  if (lb == NULL)  /* no label? */
+    /* forward jump; will be resolved when the label is declared */
+    newgotoentry(ls, name, line, luaK_jump(fs));
+  else {  /* found a label */
+    /* backward jump; will be resolved here */
+    int lblevel = reglevel(fs, lb->nactvar);  /* label level */
+    if (luaY_nvarstack(fs) > lblevel)  /* leaving the scope of a variable? */
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, lblevel, 0, 0);
+    /* create jump and link it to the label */
+    luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), lb->pc);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Break statement. Semantically equivalent to "goto break".
+*/
+static void breakstat (LexState *ls) {
+  int line = ls->linenumber;
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip break */
+  newgotoentry(ls, luaS_newliteral(ls->L, "break"), line, luaK_jump(ls->fs));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether there is already a label with the given 'name'.
+*/
+static void checkrepeated (LexState *ls, TString *name) {
+  Labeldesc *lb = findlabel(ls, name);
+  if (l_unlikely(lb != NULL)) {  /* already defined? */
+    const char *msg = "label '%s' already defined on line %d";
+    msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, getstr(name), lb->line);
+    luaK_semerror(ls, msg);  /* error */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void labelstat (LexState *ls, TString *name, int line) {
+  /* label -> '::' NAME '::' */
+  checknext(ls, TK_DBCOLON);  /* skip double colon */
+  while (ls->t.token == ';' || ls->t.token == TK_DBCOLON)
+    statement(ls);  /* skip other no-op statements */
+  checkrepeated(ls, name);  /* check for repeated labels */
+  createlabel(ls, name, line, block_follow(ls, 0));
+}
+
+
+static void whilestat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* whilestat -> WHILE cond DO block END */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int whileinit;
+  int condexit;
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip WHILE */
+  whileinit = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+  condexit = cond(ls);
+  enterblock(fs, &bl, 1);
+  checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+  block(ls);
+  luaK_jumpto(fs, whileinit);
+  check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_WHILE, line);
+  leaveblock(fs);
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit);  /* false conditions finish the loop */
+}
+
+
+static void repeatstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* repeatstat -> REPEAT block UNTIL cond */
+  int condexit;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int repeat_init = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+  BlockCnt bl1, bl2;
+  enterblock(fs, &bl1, 1);  /* loop block */
+  enterblock(fs, &bl2, 0);  /* scope block */
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip REPEAT */
+  statlist(ls);
+  check_match(ls, TK_UNTIL, TK_REPEAT, line);
+  condexit = cond(ls);  /* read condition (inside scope block) */
+  leaveblock(fs);  /* finish scope */
+  if (bl2.upval) {  /* upvalues? */
+    int exit = luaK_jump(fs);  /* normal exit must jump over fix */
+    luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit);  /* repetition must close upvalues */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, reglevel(fs, bl2.nactvar), 0, 0);
+    condexit = luaK_jump(fs);  /* repeat after closing upvalues */
+    luaK_patchtohere(fs, exit);  /* normal exit comes to here */
+  }
+  luaK_patchlist(fs, condexit, repeat_init);  /* close the loop */
+  leaveblock(fs);  /* finish loop */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read an expression and generate code to put its results in next
+** stack slot.
+**
+*/
+static void exp1 (LexState *ls) {
+  expdesc e;
+  expr(ls, &e);
+  luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, &e);
+  lua_assert(e.k == VNONRELOC);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Fix for instruction at position 'pc' to jump to 'dest'.
+** (Jump addresses are relative in Lua). 'back' true means
+** a back jump.
+*/
+static void fixforjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest, int back) {
+  Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc];
+  int offset = dest - (pc + 1);
+  if (back)
+    offset = -offset;
+  if (l_unlikely(offset > MAXARG_Bx))
+    luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long");
+  SETARG_Bx(*jmp, offset);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generate code for a 'for' loop.
+*/
+static void forbody (LexState *ls, int base, int line, int nvars, int isgen) {
+  /* forbody -> DO block */
+  static const OpCode forprep[2] = {OP_FORPREP, OP_TFORPREP};
+  static const OpCode forloop[2] = {OP_FORLOOP, OP_TFORLOOP};
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int prep, endfor;
+  checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+  prep = luaK_codeABx(fs, forprep[isgen], base, 0);
+  enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);  /* scope for declared variables */
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, nvars);
+  block(ls);
+  leaveblock(fs);  /* end of scope for declared variables */
+  fixforjump(fs, prep, luaK_getlabel(fs), 0);
+  if (isgen) {  /* generic for? */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TFORCALL, base, 0, nvars);
+    luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  }
+  endfor = luaK_codeABx(fs, forloop[isgen], base, 0);
+  fixforjump(fs, endfor, prep + 1, 1);
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+}
+
+
+static void fornum (LexState *ls, TString *varname, int line) {
+  /* fornum -> NAME = exp,exp[,exp] forbody */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int base = fs->freereg;
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvar(ls, varname);
+  checknext(ls, '=');
+  exp1(ls);  /* initial value */
+  checknext(ls, ',');
+  exp1(ls);  /* limit */
+  if (testnext(ls, ','))
+    exp1(ls);  /* optional step */
+  else {  /* default step = 1 */
+    luaK_int(fs, fs->freereg, 1);
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  }
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, 3);  /* control variables */
+  forbody(ls, base, line, 1, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void forlist (LexState *ls, TString *indexname) {
+  /* forlist -> NAME {,NAME} IN explist forbody */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc e;
+  int nvars = 5;  /* gen, state, control, toclose, 'indexname' */
+  int line;
+  int base = fs->freereg;
+  /* create control variables */
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  /* create declared variables */
+  new_localvar(ls, indexname);
+  while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+    new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+    nvars++;
+  }
+  checknext(ls, TK_IN);
+  line = ls->linenumber;
+  adjust_assign(ls, 4, explist(ls, &e), &e);
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, 4);  /* control variables */
+  marktobeclosed(fs);  /* last control var. must be closed */
+  luaK_checkstack(fs, 3);  /* extra space to call generator */
+  forbody(ls, base, line, nvars - 4, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void forstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* forstat -> FOR (fornum | forlist) END */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  TString *varname;
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  enterblock(fs, &bl, 1);  /* scope for loop and control variables */
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip 'for' */
+  varname = str_checkname(ls);  /* first variable name */
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case '=': fornum(ls, varname, line); break;
+    case ',': case TK_IN: forlist(ls, varname); break;
+    default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "'=' or 'in' expected");
+  }
+  check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FOR, line);
+  leaveblock(fs);  /* loop scope ('break' jumps to this point) */
+}
+
+
+static void test_then_block (LexState *ls, int *escapelist) {
+  /* test_then_block -> [IF | ELSEIF] cond THEN block */
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc v;
+  int jf;  /* instruction to skip 'then' code (if condition is false) */
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip IF or ELSEIF */
+  expr(ls, &v);  /* read condition */
+  checknext(ls, TK_THEN);
+  if (ls->t.token == TK_BREAK) {  /* 'if x then break' ? */
+    int line = ls->linenumber;
+    luaK_goiffalse(ls->fs, &v);  /* will jump if condition is true */
+    luaX_next(ls);  /* skip 'break' */
+    enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);  /* must enter block before 'goto' */
+    newgotoentry(ls, luaS_newliteral(ls->L, "break"), line, v.t);
+    while (testnext(ls, ';')) {}  /* skip semicolons */
+    if (block_follow(ls, 0)) {  /* jump is the entire block? */
+      leaveblock(fs);
+      return;  /* and that is it */
+    }
+    else  /* must skip over 'then' part if condition is false */
+      jf = luaK_jump(fs);
+  }
+  else {  /* regular case (not a break) */
+    luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v);  /* skip over block if condition is false */
+    enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+    jf = v.f;
+  }
+  statlist(ls);  /* 'then' part */
+  leaveblock(fs);
+  if (ls->t.token == TK_ELSE ||
+      ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF)  /* followed by 'else'/'elseif'? */
+    luaK_concat(fs, escapelist, luaK_jump(fs));  /* must jump over it */
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, jf);
+}
+
+
+static void ifstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* ifstat -> IF cond THEN block {ELSEIF cond THEN block} [ELSE block] END */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int escapelist = NO_JUMP;  /* exit list for finished parts */
+  test_then_block(ls, &escapelist);  /* IF cond THEN block */
+  while (ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF)
+    test_then_block(ls, &escapelist);  /* ELSEIF cond THEN block */
+  if (testnext(ls, TK_ELSE))
+    block(ls);  /* 'else' part */
+  check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_IF, line);
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, escapelist);  /* patch escape list to 'if' end */
+}
+
+
+static void localfunc (LexState *ls) {
+  expdesc b;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int fvar = fs->nactvar;  /* function's variable index */
+  new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));  /* new local variable */
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);  /* enter its scope */
+  body(ls, &b, 0, ls->linenumber);  /* function created in next register */
+  /* debug information will only see the variable after this point! */
+  localdebuginfo(fs, fvar)->startpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int getlocalattribute (LexState *ls) {
+  /* ATTRIB -> ['<' Name '>'] */
+  if (testnext(ls, '<')) {
+    const char *attr = getstr(str_checkname(ls));
+    checknext(ls, '>');
+    if (strcmp(attr, "const") == 0)
+      return RDKCONST;  /* read-only variable */
+    else if (strcmp(attr, "close") == 0)
+      return RDKTOCLOSE;  /* to-be-closed variable */
+    else
+      luaK_semerror(ls,
+        luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "unknown attribute '%s'", attr));
+  }
+  return VDKREG;  /* regular variable */
+}
+
+
+static void checktoclose (FuncState *fs, int level) {
+  if (level != -1) {  /* is there a to-be-closed variable? */
+    marktobeclosed(fs);
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TBC, reglevel(fs, level), 0, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void localstat (LexState *ls) {
+  /* stat -> LOCAL NAME ATTRIB { ',' NAME ATTRIB } ['=' explist] */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int toclose = -1;  /* index of to-be-closed variable (if any) */
+  Vardesc *var;  /* last variable */
+  int vidx, kind;  /* index and kind of last variable */
+  int nvars = 0;
+  int nexps;
+  expdesc e;
+  do {
+    vidx = new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+    kind = getlocalattribute(ls);
+    getlocalvardesc(fs, vidx)->vd.kind = kind;
+    if (kind == RDKTOCLOSE) {  /* to-be-closed? */
+      if (toclose != -1)  /* one already present? */
+        luaK_semerror(ls, "multiple to-be-closed variables in local list");
+      toclose = fs->nactvar + nvars;
+    }
+    nvars++;
+  } while (testnext(ls, ','));
+  if (testnext(ls, '='))
+    nexps = explist(ls, &e);
+  else {
+    e.k = VVOID;
+    nexps = 0;
+  }
+  var = getlocalvardesc(fs, vidx);  /* get last variable */
+  if (nvars == nexps &&  /* no adjustments? */
+      var->vd.kind == RDKCONST &&  /* last variable is const? */
+      luaK_exp2const(fs, &e, &var->k)) {  /* compile-time constant? */
+    var->vd.kind = RDKCTC;  /* variable is a compile-time constant */
+    adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars - 1);  /* exclude last variable */
+    fs->nactvar++;  /* but count it */
+  }
+  else {
+    adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+    adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+  }
+  checktoclose(fs, toclose);
+}
+
+
+static int funcname (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* funcname -> NAME {fieldsel} [':' NAME] */
+  int ismethod = 0;
+  singlevar(ls, v);
+  while (ls->t.token == '.')
+    fieldsel(ls, v);
+  if (ls->t.token == ':') {
+    ismethod = 1;
+    fieldsel(ls, v);
+  }
+  return ismethod;
+}
+
+
+static void funcstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* funcstat -> FUNCTION funcname body */
+  int ismethod;
+  expdesc v, b;
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip FUNCTION */
+  ismethod = funcname(ls, &v);
+  body(ls, &b, ismethod, line);
+  check_readonly(ls, &v);
+  luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &v, &b);
+  luaK_fixline(ls->fs, line);  /* definition "happens" in the first line */
+}
+
+
+static void exprstat (LexState *ls) {
+  /* stat -> func | assignment */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  struct LHS_assign v;
+  suffixedexp(ls, &v.v);
+  if (ls->t.token == '=' || ls->t.token == ',') { /* stat -> assignment ? */
+    v.prev = NULL;
+    restassign(ls, &v, 1);
+  }
+  else {  /* stat -> func */
+    Instruction *inst;
+    check_condition(ls, v.v.k == VCALL, "syntax error");
+    inst = &getinstruction(fs, &v.v);
+    SETARG_C(*inst, 1);  /* call statement uses no results */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void retstat (LexState *ls) {
+  /* stat -> RETURN [explist] [';'] */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc e;
+  int nret;  /* number of values being returned */
+  int first = luaY_nvarstack(fs);  /* first slot to be returned */
+  if (block_follow(ls, 1) || ls->t.token == ';')
+    nret = 0;  /* return no values */
+  else {
+    nret = explist(ls, &e);  /* optional return values */
+    if (hasmultret(e.k)) {
+      luaK_setmultret(fs, &e);
+      if (e.k == VCALL && nret == 1 && !fs->bl->insidetbc) {  /* tail call? */
+        SET_OPCODE(getinstruction(fs,&e), OP_TAILCALL);
+        lua_assert(GETARG_A(getinstruction(fs,&e)) == luaY_nvarstack(fs));
+      }
+      nret = LUA_MULTRET;  /* return all values */
+    }
+    else {
+      if (nret == 1)  /* only one single value? */
+        first = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, &e);  /* can use original slot */
+      else {  /* values must go to the top of the stack */
+        luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &e);
+        lua_assert(nret == fs->freereg - first);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  luaK_ret(fs, first, nret);
+  testnext(ls, ';');  /* skip optional semicolon */
+}
+
+
+static void statement (LexState *ls) {
+  int line = ls->linenumber;  /* may be needed for error messages */
+  enterlevel(ls);
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case ';': {  /* stat -> ';' (empty statement) */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip ';' */
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_IF: {  /* stat -> ifstat */
+      ifstat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_WHILE: {  /* stat -> whilestat */
+      whilestat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_DO: {  /* stat -> DO block END */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip DO */
+      block(ls);
+      check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_DO, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_FOR: {  /* stat -> forstat */
+      forstat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_REPEAT: {  /* stat -> repeatstat */
+      repeatstat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_FUNCTION: {  /* stat -> funcstat */
+      funcstat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_LOCAL: {  /* stat -> localstat */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip LOCAL */
+      if (testnext(ls, TK_FUNCTION))  /* local function? */
+        localfunc(ls);
+      else
+        localstat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_DBCOLON: {  /* stat -> label */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip double colon */
+      labelstat(ls, str_checkname(ls), line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_RETURN: {  /* stat -> retstat */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip RETURN */
+      retstat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_BREAK: {  /* stat -> breakstat */
+      breakstat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_GOTO: {  /* stat -> 'goto' NAME */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip 'goto' */
+      gotostat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {  /* stat -> func | assignment */
+      exprstat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  lua_assert(ls->fs->f->maxstacksize >= ls->fs->freereg &&
+             ls->fs->freereg >= luaY_nvarstack(ls->fs));
+  ls->fs->freereg = luaY_nvarstack(ls->fs);  /* free registers */
+  leavelevel(ls);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** compiles the main function, which is a regular vararg function with an
+** upvalue named LUA_ENV
+*/
+static void mainfunc (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs) {
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  Upvaldesc *env;
+  open_func(ls, fs, &bl);
+  setvararg(fs, 0);  /* main function is always declared vararg */
+  env = allocupvalue(fs);  /* ...set environment upvalue */
+  env->instack = 1;
+  env->idx = 0;
+  env->kind = VDKREG;
+  env->name = ls->envn;
+  luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, fs->f, env->name);
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* read first token */
+  statlist(ls);  /* parse main body */
+  check(ls, TK_EOS);
+  close_func(ls);
+}
+
+
+LClosure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+                       Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar) {
+  LexState lexstate;
+  FuncState funcstate;
+  LClosure *cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, 1);  /* create main closure */
+  setclLvalue2s(L, L->top.p, cl);  /* anchor it (to avoid being collected) */
+  luaD_inctop(L);
+  lexstate.h = luaH_new(L);  /* create table for scanner */
+  sethvalue2s(L, L->top.p, lexstate.h);  /* anchor it */
+  luaD_inctop(L);
+  funcstate.f = cl->p = luaF_newproto(L);
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, cl->p);
+  funcstate.f->source = luaS_new(L, name);  /* create and anchor TString */
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, funcstate.f, funcstate.f->source);
+  lexstate.buff = buff;
+  lexstate.dyd = dyd;
+  dyd->actvar.n = dyd->gt.n = dyd->label.n = 0;
+  luaX_setinput(L, &lexstate, z, funcstate.f->source, firstchar);
+  mainfunc(&lexstate, &funcstate);
+  lua_assert(!funcstate.prev && funcstate.nups == 1 && !lexstate.fs);
+  /* all scopes should be correctly finished */
+  lua_assert(dyd->actvar.n == 0 && dyd->gt.n == 0 && dyd->label.n == 0);
+  L->top.p--;  /* remove scanner's table */
+  return cl;  /* closure is on the stack, too */
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lparser.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lparser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e4500f181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lparser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.h $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lparser_h
+#define lparser_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Expression and variable descriptor.
+** Code generation for variables and expressions can be delayed to allow
+** optimizations; An 'expdesc' structure describes a potentially-delayed
+** variable/expression. It has a description of its "main" value plus a
+** list of conditional jumps that can also produce its value (generated
+** by short-circuit operators 'and'/'or').
+*/
+
+/* kinds of variables/expressions */
+typedef enum {
+  VVOID,  /* when 'expdesc' describes the last expression of a list,
+             this kind means an empty list (so, no expression) */
+  VNIL,  /* constant nil */
+  VTRUE,  /* constant true */
+  VFALSE,  /* constant false */
+  VK,  /* constant in 'k'; info = index of constant in 'k' */
+  VKFLT,  /* floating constant; nval = numerical float value */
+  VKINT,  /* integer constant; ival = numerical integer value */
+  VKSTR,  /* string constant; strval = TString address;
+             (string is fixed by the lexer) */
+  VNONRELOC,  /* expression has its value in a fixed register;
+                 info = result register */
+  VLOCAL,  /* local variable; var.ridx = register index;
+              var.vidx = relative index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VUPVAL,  /* upvalue variable; info = index of upvalue in 'upvalues' */
+  VCONST,  /* compile-time <const> variable;
+              info = absolute index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VINDEXED,  /* indexed variable;
+                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's R index */
+  VINDEXUP,  /* indexed upvalue;
+                ind.t = table upvalue;
+                ind.idx = key's K index */
+  VINDEXI, /* indexed variable with constant integer;
+                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's value */
+  VINDEXSTR, /* indexed variable with literal string;
+                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's K index */
+  VJMP,  /* expression is a test/comparison;
+            info = pc of corresponding jump instruction */
+  VRELOC,  /* expression can put result in any register;
+              info = instruction pc */
+  VCALL,  /* expression is a function call; info = instruction pc */
+  VVARARG  /* vararg expression; info = instruction pc */
+} expkind;
+
+
+#define vkisvar(k)	(VLOCAL <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXSTR)
+#define vkisindexed(k)	(VINDEXED <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXSTR)
+
+
+typedef struct expdesc {
+  expkind k;
+  union {
+    lua_Integer ival;    /* for VKINT */
+    lua_Number nval;  /* for VKFLT */
+    TString *strval;  /* for VKSTR */
+    int info;  /* for generic use */
+    struct {  /* for indexed variables */
+      short idx;  /* index (R or "long" K) */
+      lu_byte t;  /* table (register or upvalue) */
+    } ind;
+    struct {  /* for local variables */
+      lu_byte ridx;  /* register holding the variable */
+      unsigned short vidx;  /* compiler index (in 'actvar.arr')  */
+    } var;
+  } u;
+  int t;  /* patch list of 'exit when true' */
+  int f;  /* patch list of 'exit when false' */
+} expdesc;
+
+
+/* kinds of variables */
+#define VDKREG		0   /* regular */
+#define RDKCONST	1   /* constant */
+#define RDKTOCLOSE	2   /* to-be-closed */
+#define RDKCTC		3   /* compile-time constant */
+
+/* description of an active local variable */
+typedef union Vardesc {
+  struct {
+    TValuefields;  /* constant value (if it is a compile-time constant) */
+    lu_byte kind;
+    lu_byte ridx;  /* register holding the variable */
+    short pidx;  /* index of the variable in the Proto's 'locvars' array */
+    TString *name;  /* variable name */
+  } vd;
+  TValue k;  /* constant value (if any) */
+} Vardesc;
+
+
+
+/* description of pending goto statements and label statements */
+typedef struct Labeldesc {
+  TString *name;  /* label identifier */
+  int pc;  /* position in code */
+  int line;  /* line where it appeared */
+  lu_byte nactvar;  /* number of active variables in that position */
+  lu_byte close;  /* goto that escapes upvalues */
+} Labeldesc;
+
+
+/* list of labels or gotos */
+typedef struct Labellist {
+  Labeldesc *arr;  /* array */
+  int n;  /* number of entries in use */
+  int size;  /* array size */
+} Labellist;
+
+
+/* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+typedef struct Dyndata {
+  struct {  /* list of all active local variables */
+    Vardesc *arr;
+    int n;
+    int size;
+  } actvar;
+  Labellist gt;  /* list of pending gotos */
+  Labellist label;   /* list of active labels */
+} Dyndata;
+
+
+/* control of blocks */
+struct BlockCnt;  /* defined in lparser.c */
+
+
+/* state needed to generate code for a given function */
+typedef struct FuncState {
+  Proto *f;  /* current function header */
+  struct FuncState *prev;  /* enclosing function */
+  struct LexState *ls;  /* lexical state */
+  struct BlockCnt *bl;  /* chain of current blocks */
+  int pc;  /* next position to code (equivalent to 'ncode') */
+  int lasttarget;   /* 'label' of last 'jump label' */
+  int previousline;  /* last line that was saved in 'lineinfo' */
+  int nk;  /* number of elements in 'k' */
+  int np;  /* number of elements in 'p' */
+  int nabslineinfo;  /* number of elements in 'abslineinfo' */
+  int firstlocal;  /* index of first local var (in Dyndata array) */
+  int firstlabel;  /* index of first label (in 'dyd->label->arr') */
+  short ndebugvars;  /* number of elements in 'f->locvars' */
+  lu_byte nactvar;  /* number of active local variables */
+  lu_byte nups;  /* number of upvalues */
+  lu_byte freereg;  /* first free register */
+  lu_byte iwthabs;  /* instructions issued since last absolute line info */
+  lu_byte needclose;  /* function needs to close upvalues when returning */
+} FuncState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaY_nvarstack (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+                                 Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lprefix.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lprefix.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..484f2ad6fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lprefix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lprefix.h $
+** Definitions for Lua code that must come before any other header file
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lprefix_h
+#define lprefix_h
+
+
+/*
+** Allows POSIX/XSI stuff
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)	/* { */
+
+#if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE)
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE           600
+#elif _XOPEN_SOURCE == 0
+#undef _XOPEN_SOURCE  /* use -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=0 to undefine it */
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Allows manipulation of large files in gcc and some other compilers
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_32BITS) && !defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS)
+#define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE       1
+#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS       64
+#endif
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Windows stuff
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)	/* { */
+
+#if !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS  /* avoid warnings about ISO C functions */
+#endif
+
+#endif			/* } */
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstate.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstate.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e925e5ad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstate.c
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.c $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lstate_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** thread state + extra space
+*/
+typedef struct LX {
+  lu_byte extra_[LUA_EXTRASPACE];
+  lua_State l;
+} LX;
+
+
+/*
+** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state
+*/
+typedef struct LG {
+  LX l;
+  global_State g;
+} LG;
+
+
+
+#define fromstate(L)	(cast(LX *, cast(lu_byte *, (L)) - offsetof(LX, l)))
+
+
+/*
+** A macro to create a "random" seed when a state is created;
+** the seed is used to randomize string hashes.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_makeseed)
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+/*
+** Compute an initial seed with some level of randomness.
+** Rely on Address Space Layout Randomization (if present) and
+** current time.
+*/
+#define addbuff(b,p,e) \
+  { size_t t = cast_sizet(e); \
+    memcpy(b + p, &t, sizeof(t)); p += sizeof(t); }
+
+static unsigned int luai_makeseed (lua_State *L) {
+  char buff[3 * sizeof(size_t)];
+  unsigned int h = cast_uint(time(NULL));
+  int p = 0;
+  addbuff(buff, p, L);  /* heap variable */
+  addbuff(buff, p, &h);  /* local variable */
+  addbuff(buff, p, &lua_newstate);  /* public function */
+  lua_assert(p == sizeof(buff));
+  return luaS_hash(buff, p, h);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** set GCdebt to a new value keeping the value (totalbytes + GCdebt)
+** invariant (and avoiding underflows in 'totalbytes')
+*/
+void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt) {
+  l_mem tb = gettotalbytes(g);
+  lua_assert(tb > 0);
+  if (debt < tb - MAX_LMEM)
+    debt = tb - MAX_LMEM;  /* will make 'totalbytes == MAX_LMEM' */
+  g->totalbytes = tb - debt;
+  g->GCdebt = debt;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setcstacklimit (lua_State *L, unsigned int limit) {
+  UNUSED(L); UNUSED(limit);
+  return LUAI_MAXCCALLS;  /* warning?? */
+}
+
+
+CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+  ci = luaM_new(L, CallInfo);
+  lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+  L->ci->next = ci;
+  ci->previous = L->ci;
+  ci->next = NULL;
+  ci->u.l.trap = 0;
+  L->nci++;
+  return ci;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** free all CallInfo structures not in use by a thread
+*/
+void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  CallInfo *next = ci->next;
+  ci->next = NULL;
+  while ((ci = next) != NULL) {
+    next = ci->next;
+    luaM_free(L, ci);
+    L->nci--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** free half of the CallInfo structures not in use by a thread,
+** keeping the first one.
+*/
+void luaE_shrinkCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci->next;  /* first free CallInfo */
+  CallInfo *next;
+  if (ci == NULL)
+    return;  /* no extra elements */
+  while ((next = ci->next) != NULL) {  /* two extra elements? */
+    CallInfo *next2 = next->next;  /* next's next */
+    ci->next = next2;  /* remove next from the list */
+    L->nci--;
+    luaM_free(L, next);  /* free next */
+    if (next2 == NULL)
+      break;  /* no more elements */
+    else {
+      next2->previous = ci;
+      ci = next2;  /* continue */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Called when 'getCcalls(L)' larger or equal to LUAI_MAXCCALLS.
+** If equal, raises an overflow error. If value is larger than
+** LUAI_MAXCCALLS (which means it is handling an overflow) but
+** not much larger, does not report an error (to allow overflow
+** handling to work).
+*/
+void luaE_checkcstack (lua_State *L) {
+  if (getCcalls(L) == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+    luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
+  else if (getCcalls(L) >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS / 10 * 11))
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);  /* error while handling stack error */
+}
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_incCstack (lua_State *L) {
+  L->nCcalls++;
+  if (l_unlikely(getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS))
+    luaE_checkcstack(L);
+}
+
+
+static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) {
+  int i; CallInfo *ci;
+  /* initialize stack array */
+  L1->stack.p = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK, StackValue);
+  L1->tbclist.p = L1->stack.p;
+  for (i = 0; i < BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK; i++)
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L1->stack.p + i));  /* erase new stack */
+  L1->top.p = L1->stack.p;
+  L1->stack_last.p = L1->stack.p + BASIC_STACK_SIZE;
+  /* initialize first ci */
+  ci = &L1->base_ci;
+  ci->next = ci->previous = NULL;
+  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
+  ci->func.p = L1->top.p;
+  ci->u.c.k = NULL;
+  ci->nresults = 0;
+  setnilvalue(s2v(L1->top.p));  /* 'function' entry for this 'ci' */
+  L1->top.p++;
+  ci->top.p = L1->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK;
+  L1->ci = ci;
+}
+
+
+static void freestack (lua_State *L) {
+  if (L->stack.p == NULL)
+    return;  /* stack not completely built yet */
+  L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* free the entire 'ci' list */
+  luaE_freeCI(L);
+  lua_assert(L->nci == 0);
+  luaM_freearray(L, L->stack.p, stacksize(L) + EXTRA_STACK);  /* free stack */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create registry table and its predefined values
+*/
+static void init_registry (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  /* create registry */
+  Table *registry = luaH_new(L);
+  sethvalue(L, &g->l_registry, registry);
+  luaH_resize(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_LAST, 0);
+  /* registry[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD] = L */
+  setthvalue(L, &registry->array[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD - 1], L);
+  /* registry[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS] = new table (table of globals) */
+  sethvalue(L, &registry->array[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS - 1], luaH_new(L));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** open parts of the state that may cause memory-allocation errors.
+*/
+static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  UNUSED(ud);
+  stack_init(L, L);  /* init stack */
+  init_registry(L, g);
+  luaS_init(L);
+  luaT_init(L);
+  luaX_init(L);
+  g->gcstp = 0;  /* allow gc */
+  setnilvalue(&g->nilvalue);  /* now state is complete */
+  luai_userstateopen(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** preinitialize a thread with consistent values without allocating
+** any memory (to avoid errors)
+*/
+static void preinit_thread (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  G(L) = g;
+  L->stack.p = NULL;
+  L->ci = NULL;
+  L->nci = 0;
+  L->twups = L;  /* thread has no upvalues */
+  L->nCcalls = 0;
+  L->errorJmp = NULL;
+  L->hook = NULL;
+  L->hookmask = 0;
+  L->basehookcount = 0;
+  L->allowhook = 1;
+  resethookcount(L);
+  L->openupval = NULL;
+  L->status = LUA_OK;
+  L->errfunc = 0;
+  L->oldpc = 0;
+}
+
+
+static void close_state (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (!completestate(g))  /* closing a partially built state? */
+    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* just collect its objects */
+  else {  /* closing a fully built state */
+    L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* unwind CallInfo list */
+    luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, LUA_OK);  /* close all upvalues */
+    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* collect all objects */
+    luai_userstateclose(L);
+  }
+  luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size);
+  freestack(L);
+  lua_assert(gettotalbytes(g) == sizeof(LG));
+  (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), sizeof(LG), 0);  /* free main block */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  GCObject *o;
+  lua_State *L1;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  /* create new thread */
+  o = luaC_newobjdt(L, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LX), offsetof(LX, l));
+  L1 = gco2th(o);
+  /* anchor it on L stack */
+  setthvalue2s(L, L->top.p, L1);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  preinit_thread(L1, g);
+  L1->hookmask = L->hookmask;
+  L1->basehookcount = L->basehookcount;
+  L1->hook = L->hook;
+  resethookcount(L1);
+  /* initialize L1 extra space */
+  memcpy(lua_getextraspace(L1), lua_getextraspace(g->mainthread),
+         LUA_EXTRASPACE);
+  luai_userstatethread(L, L1);
+  stack_init(L1, L);  /* init stack */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return L1;
+}
+
+
+void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
+  LX *l = fromstate(L1);
+  luaF_closeupval(L1, L1->stack.p);  /* close all upvalues */
+  lua_assert(L1->openupval == NULL);
+  luai_userstatefree(L, L1);
+  freestack(L1);
+  luaM_free(L, l);
+}
+
+
+int luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* unwind CallInfo list */
+  setnilvalue(s2v(L->stack.p));  /* 'function' entry for basic 'ci' */
+  ci->func.p = L->stack.p;
+  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
+  if (status == LUA_YIELD)
+    status = LUA_OK;
+  L->status = LUA_OK;  /* so it can run __close metamethods */
+  status = luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, status);
+  if (status != LUA_OK)  /* errors? */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->stack.p + 1);
+  else
+    L->top.p = L->stack.p + 1;
+  ci->top.p = L->top.p + LUA_MINSTACK;
+  luaD_reallocstack(L, cast_int(ci->top.p - L->stack.p), 0);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_closethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *from) {
+  int status;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  L->nCcalls = (from) ? getCcalls(from) : 0;
+  status = luaE_resetthread(L, L->status);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Deprecated! Use 'lua_closethread' instead.
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_resetthread (lua_State *L) {
+  return lua_closethread(L, NULL);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+  int i;
+  lua_State *L;
+  global_State *g;
+  LG *l = cast(LG *, (*f)(ud, NULL, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LG)));
+  if (l == NULL) return NULL;
+  L = &l->l.l;
+  g = &l->g;
+  L->tt = LUA_VTHREAD;
+  g->currentwhite = bitmask(WHITE0BIT);
+  L->marked = luaC_white(g);
+  preinit_thread(L, g);
+  g->allgc = obj2gco(L);  /* by now, only object is the main thread */
+  L->next = NULL;
+  incnny(L);  /* main thread is always non yieldable */
+  g->frealloc = f;
+  g->ud = ud;
+  g->warnf = NULL;
+  g->ud_warn = NULL;
+  g->mainthread = L;
+  g->seed = luai_makeseed(L);
+  g->gcstp = GCSTPGC;  /* no GC while building state */
+  g->strt.size = g->strt.nuse = 0;
+  g->strt.hash = NULL;
+  setnilvalue(&g->l_registry);
+  g->panic = NULL;
+  g->gcstate = GCSpause;
+  g->gckind = KGC_INC;
+  g->gcstopem = 0;
+  g->gcemergency = 0;
+  g->finobj = g->tobefnz = g->fixedgc = NULL;
+  g->firstold1 = g->survival = g->old1 = g->reallyold = NULL;
+  g->finobjsur = g->finobjold1 = g->finobjrold = NULL;
+  g->sweepgc = NULL;
+  g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
+  g->weak = g->ephemeron = g->allweak = NULL;
+  g->twups = NULL;
+  g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG);
+  g->GCdebt = 0;
+  g->lastatomic = 0;
+  setivalue(&g->nilvalue, 0);  /* to signal that state is not yet built */
+  setgcparam(g->gcpause, LUAI_GCPAUSE);
+  setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, LUAI_GCMUL);
+  g->gcstepsize = LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE;
+  setgcparam(g->genmajormul, LUAI_GENMAJORMUL);
+  g->genminormul = LUAI_GENMINORMUL;
+  for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
+  if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != LUA_OK) {
+    /* memory allocation error: free partial state */
+    close_state(L);
+    L = NULL;
+  }
+  return L;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  L = G(L)->mainthread;  /* only the main thread can be closed */
+  close_state(L);
+}
+
+
+void luaE_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont) {
+  lua_WarnFunction wf = G(L)->warnf;
+  if (wf != NULL)
+    wf(G(L)->ud_warn, msg, tocont);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generate a warning from an error message
+*/
+void luaE_warnerror (lua_State *L, const char *where) {
+  TValue *errobj = s2v(L->top.p - 1);  /* error object */
+  const char *msg = (ttisstring(errobj))
+                  ? svalue(errobj)
+                  : "error object is not a string";
+  /* produce warning "error in %s (%s)" (where, msg) */
+  luaE_warning(L, "error in ", 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, where, 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, " (", 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, msg, 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, ")", 0);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstate.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bf6600e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.h $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstate_h
+#define lstate_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* Some header files included here need this definition */
+typedef struct CallInfo CallInfo;
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Some notes about garbage-collected objects: All objects in Lua must
+** be kept somehow accessible until being freed, so all objects always
+** belong to one (and only one) of these lists, using field 'next' of
+** the 'CommonHeader' for the link:
+**
+** 'allgc': all objects not marked for finalization;
+** 'finobj': all objects marked for finalization;
+** 'tobefnz': all objects ready to be finalized;
+** 'fixedgc': all objects that are not to be collected (currently
+** only small strings, such as reserved words).
+**
+** For the generational collector, some of these lists have marks for
+** generations. Each mark points to the first element in the list for
+** that particular generation; that generation goes until the next mark.
+**
+** 'allgc' -> 'survival': new objects;
+** 'survival' -> 'old': objects that survived one collection;
+** 'old1' -> 'reallyold': objects that became old in last collection;
+** 'reallyold' -> NULL: objects old for more than one cycle.
+**
+** 'finobj' -> 'finobjsur': new objects marked for finalization;
+** 'finobjsur' -> 'finobjold1': survived   """";
+** 'finobjold1' -> 'finobjrold': just old  """";
+** 'finobjrold' -> NULL: really old       """".
+**
+** All lists can contain elements older than their main ages, due
+** to 'luaC_checkfinalizer' and 'udata2finalize', which move
+** objects between the normal lists and the "marked for finalization"
+** lists. Moreover, barriers can age young objects in young lists as
+** OLD0, which then become OLD1. However, a list never contains
+** elements younger than their main ages.
+**
+** The generational collector also uses a pointer 'firstold1', which
+** points to the first OLD1 object in the list. It is used to optimize
+** 'markold'. (Potentially OLD1 objects can be anywhere between 'allgc'
+** and 'reallyold', but often the list has no OLD1 objects or they are
+** after 'old1'.) Note the difference between it and 'old1':
+** 'firstold1': no OLD1 objects before this point; there can be all
+**   ages after it.
+** 'old1': no objects younger than OLD1 after this point.
+*/
+
+/*
+** Moreover, there is another set of lists that control gray objects.
+** These lists are linked by fields 'gclist'. (All objects that
+** can become gray have such a field. The field is not the same
+** in all objects, but it always has this name.)  Any gray object
+** must belong to one of these lists, and all objects in these lists
+** must be gray (with two exceptions explained below):
+**
+** 'gray': regular gray objects, still waiting to be visited.
+** 'grayagain': objects that must be revisited at the atomic phase.
+**   That includes
+**   - black objects got in a write barrier;
+**   - all kinds of weak tables during propagation phase;
+**   - all threads.
+** 'weak': tables with weak values to be cleared;
+** 'ephemeron': ephemeron tables with white->white entries;
+** 'allweak': tables with weak keys and/or weak values to be cleared.
+**
+** The exceptions to that "gray rule" are:
+** - TOUCHED2 objects in generational mode stay in a gray list (because
+** they must be visited again at the end of the cycle), but they are
+** marked black because assignments to them must activate barriers (to
+** move them back to TOUCHED1).
+** - Open upvales are kept gray to avoid barriers, but they stay out
+** of gray lists. (They don't even have a 'gclist' field.)
+*/
+
+
+
+/*
+** About 'nCcalls':  This count has two parts: the lower 16 bits counts
+** the number of recursive invocations in the C stack; the higher
+** 16 bits counts the number of non-yieldable calls in the stack.
+** (They are together so that we can change and save both with one
+** instruction.)
+*/
+
+
+/* true if this thread does not have non-yieldable calls in the stack */
+#define yieldable(L)		(((L)->nCcalls & 0xffff0000) == 0)
+
+/* real number of C calls */
+#define getCcalls(L)	((L)->nCcalls & 0xffff)
+
+
+/* Increment the number of non-yieldable calls */
+#define incnny(L)	((L)->nCcalls += 0x10000)
+
+/* Decrement the number of non-yieldable calls */
+#define decnny(L)	((L)->nCcalls -= 0x10000)
+
+/* Non-yieldable call increment */
+#define nyci	(0x10000 | 1)
+
+
+
+
+struct lua_longjmp;  /* defined in ldo.c */
+
+
+/*
+** Atomic type (relative to signals) to better ensure that 'lua_sethook'
+** is thread safe
+*/
+#if !defined(l_signalT)
+#include <signal.h>
+#define l_signalT	sig_atomic_t
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras. This
+** space is not included in 'stack_last'. It is used only to avoid stack
+** checks, either because the element will be promptly popped or because
+** there will be a stack check soon after the push. Function frames
+** never use this extra space, so it does not need to be kept clean.
+*/
+#define EXTRA_STACK   5
+
+
+#define BASIC_STACK_SIZE        (2*LUA_MINSTACK)
+
+#define stacksize(th)	cast_int((th)->stack_last.p - (th)->stack.p)
+
+
+/* kinds of Garbage Collection */
+#define KGC_INC		0	/* incremental gc */
+#define KGC_GEN		1	/* generational gc */
+
+
+typedef struct stringtable {
+  TString **hash;
+  int nuse;  /* number of elements */
+  int size;
+} stringtable;
+
+
+/*
+** Information about a call.
+** About union 'u':
+** - field 'l' is used only for Lua functions;
+** - field 'c' is used only for C functions.
+** About union 'u2':
+** - field 'funcidx' is used only by C functions while doing a
+** protected call;
+** - field 'nyield' is used only while a function is "doing" an
+** yield (from the yield until the next resume);
+** - field 'nres' is used only while closing tbc variables when
+** returning from a function;
+** - field 'transferinfo' is used only during call/returnhooks,
+** before the function starts or after it ends.
+*/
+struct CallInfo {
+  StkIdRel func;  /* function index in the stack */
+  StkIdRel	top;  /* top for this function */
+  struct CallInfo *previous, *next;  /* dynamic call link */
+  union {
+    struct {  /* only for Lua functions */
+      const Instruction *savedpc;
+      volatile l_signalT trap;
+      int nextraargs;  /* # of extra arguments in vararg functions */
+    } l;
+    struct {  /* only for C functions */
+      lua_KFunction k;  /* continuation in case of yields */
+      ptrdiff_t old_errfunc;
+      lua_KContext ctx;  /* context info. in case of yields */
+    } c;
+  } u;
+  union {
+    int funcidx;  /* called-function index */
+    int nyield;  /* number of values yielded */
+    int nres;  /* number of values returned */
+    struct {  /* info about transferred values (for call/return hooks) */
+      unsigned short ftransfer;  /* offset of first value transferred */
+      unsigned short ntransfer;  /* number of values transferred */
+    } transferinfo;
+  } u2;
+  short nresults;  /* expected number of results from this function */
+  unsigned short callstatus;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Bits in CallInfo status
+*/
+#define CIST_OAH	(1<<0)	/* original value of 'allowhook' */
+#define CIST_C		(1<<1)	/* call is running a C function */
+#define CIST_FRESH	(1<<2)	/* call is on a fresh "luaV_execute" frame */
+#define CIST_HOOKED	(1<<3)	/* call is running a debug hook */
+#define CIST_YPCALL	(1<<4)	/* doing a yieldable protected call */
+#define CIST_TAIL	(1<<5)	/* call was tail called */
+#define CIST_HOOKYIELD	(1<<6)	/* last hook called yielded */
+#define CIST_FIN	(1<<7)	/* function "called" a finalizer */
+#define CIST_TRAN	(1<<8)	/* 'ci' has transfer information */
+#define CIST_CLSRET	(1<<9)  /* function is closing tbc variables */
+/* Bits 10-12 are used for CIST_RECST (see below) */
+#define CIST_RECST	10
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE)
+#define CIST_LEQ	(1<<13)  /* using __lt for __le */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Field CIST_RECST stores the "recover status", used to keep the error
+** status while closing to-be-closed variables in coroutines, so that
+** Lua can correctly resume after an yield from a __close method called
+** because of an error.  (Three bits are enough for error status.)
+*/
+#define getcistrecst(ci)     (((ci)->callstatus >> CIST_RECST) & 7)
+#define setcistrecst(ci,st)  \
+  check_exp(((st) & 7) == (st),   /* status must fit in three bits */  \
+            ((ci)->callstatus = ((ci)->callstatus & ~(7 << CIST_RECST))  \
+                                                  | ((st) << CIST_RECST)))
+
+
+/* active function is a Lua function */
+#define isLua(ci)	(!((ci)->callstatus & CIST_C))
+
+/* call is running Lua code (not a hook) */
+#define isLuacode(ci)	(!((ci)->callstatus & (CIST_C | CIST_HOOKED)))
+
+/* assume that CIST_OAH has offset 0 and that 'v' is strictly 0/1 */
+#define setoah(st,v)	((st) = ((st) & ~CIST_OAH) | (v))
+#define getoah(st)	((st) & CIST_OAH)
+
+
+/*
+** 'global state', shared by all threads of this state
+*/
+typedef struct global_State {
+  lua_Alloc frealloc;  /* function to reallocate memory */
+  void *ud;         /* auxiliary data to 'frealloc' */
+  l_mem totalbytes;  /* number of bytes currently allocated - GCdebt */
+  l_mem GCdebt;  /* bytes allocated not yet compensated by the collector */
+  lu_mem GCestimate;  /* an estimate of the non-garbage memory in use */
+  lu_mem lastatomic;  /* see function 'genstep' in file 'lgc.c' */
+  stringtable strt;  /* hash table for strings */
+  TValue l_registry;
+  TValue nilvalue;  /* a nil value */
+  unsigned int seed;  /* randomized seed for hashes */
+  lu_byte currentwhite;
+  lu_byte gcstate;  /* state of garbage collector */
+  lu_byte gckind;  /* kind of GC running */
+  lu_byte gcstopem;  /* stops emergency collections */
+  lu_byte genminormul;  /* control for minor generational collections */
+  lu_byte genmajormul;  /* control for major generational collections */
+  lu_byte gcstp;  /* control whether GC is running */
+  lu_byte gcemergency;  /* true if this is an emergency collection */
+  lu_byte gcpause;  /* size of pause between successive GCs */
+  lu_byte gcstepmul;  /* GC "speed" */
+  lu_byte gcstepsize;  /* (log2 of) GC granularity */
+  GCObject *allgc;  /* list of all collectable objects */
+  GCObject **sweepgc;  /* current position of sweep in list */
+  GCObject *finobj;  /* list of collectable objects with finalizers */
+  GCObject *gray;  /* list of gray objects */
+  GCObject *grayagain;  /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
+  GCObject *weak;  /* list of tables with weak values */
+  GCObject *ephemeron;  /* list of ephemeron tables (weak keys) */
+  GCObject *allweak;  /* list of all-weak tables */
+  GCObject *tobefnz;  /* list of userdata to be GC */
+  GCObject *fixedgc;  /* list of objects not to be collected */
+  /* fields for generational collector */
+  GCObject *survival;  /* start of objects that survived one GC cycle */
+  GCObject *old1;  /* start of old1 objects */
+  GCObject *reallyold;  /* objects more than one cycle old ("really old") */
+  GCObject *firstold1;  /* first OLD1 object in the list (if any) */
+  GCObject *finobjsur;  /* list of survival objects with finalizers */
+  GCObject *finobjold1;  /* list of old1 objects with finalizers */
+  GCObject *finobjrold;  /* list of really old objects with finalizers */
+  struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
+  lua_CFunction panic;  /* to be called in unprotected errors */
+  struct lua_State *mainthread;
+  TString *memerrmsg;  /* message for memory-allocation errors */
+  TString *tmname[TM_N];  /* array with tag-method names */
+  struct Table *mt[LUA_NUMTYPES];  /* metatables for basic types */
+  TString *strcache[STRCACHE_N][STRCACHE_M];  /* cache for strings in API */
+  lua_WarnFunction warnf;  /* warning function */
+  void *ud_warn;         /* auxiliary data to 'warnf' */
+} global_State;
+
+
+/*
+** 'per thread' state
+*/
+struct lua_State {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte status;
+  lu_byte allowhook;
+  unsigned short nci;  /* number of items in 'ci' list */
+  StkIdRel top;  /* first free slot in the stack */
+  global_State *l_G;
+  CallInfo *ci;  /* call info for current function */
+  StkIdRel stack_last;  /* end of stack (last element + 1) */
+  StkIdRel stack;  /* stack base */
+  UpVal *openupval;  /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
+  StkIdRel tbclist;  /* list of to-be-closed variables */
+  GCObject *gclist;
+  struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
+  struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp;  /* current error recover point */
+  CallInfo base_ci;  /* CallInfo for first level (C calling Lua) */
+  volatile lua_Hook hook;
+  ptrdiff_t errfunc;  /* current error handling function (stack index) */
+  l_uint32 nCcalls;  /* number of nested (non-yieldable | C)  calls */
+  int oldpc;  /* last pc traced */
+  int basehookcount;
+  int hookcount;
+  volatile l_signalT hookmask;
+};
+
+
+#define G(L)	(L->l_G)
+
+/*
+** 'g->nilvalue' being a nil value flags that the state was completely
+** build.
+*/
+#define completestate(g)	ttisnil(&g->nilvalue)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects (only for conversions)
+** ISO C99, 6.5.2.3 p.5:
+** "if a union contains several structures that share a common initial
+** sequence [...], and if the union object currently contains one
+** of these structures, it is permitted to inspect the common initial
+** part of any of them anywhere that a declaration of the complete type
+** of the union is visible."
+*/
+union GCUnion {
+  GCObject gc;  /* common header */
+  struct TString ts;
+  struct Udata u;
+  union Closure cl;
+  struct Table h;
+  struct Proto p;
+  struct lua_State th;  /* thread */
+  struct UpVal upv;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** ISO C99, 6.7.2.1 p.14:
+** "A pointer to a union object, suitably converted, points to each of
+** its members [...], and vice versa."
+*/
+#define cast_u(o)	cast(union GCUnion *, (o))
+
+/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */
+#define gco2ts(o)  \
+	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == LUA_TSTRING, &((cast_u(o))->ts))
+#define gco2u(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VUSERDATA, &((cast_u(o))->u))
+#define gco2lcl(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VLCL, &((cast_u(o))->cl.l))
+#define gco2ccl(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VCCL, &((cast_u(o))->cl.c))
+#define gco2cl(o)  \
+	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((cast_u(o))->cl))
+#define gco2t(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VTABLE, &((cast_u(o))->h))
+#define gco2p(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VPROTO, &((cast_u(o))->p))
+#define gco2th(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VTHREAD, &((cast_u(o))->th))
+#define gco2upv(o)	check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VUPVAL, &((cast_u(o))->upv))
+
+
+/*
+** macro to convert a Lua object into a GCObject
+** (The access to 'tt' tries to ensure that 'v' is actually a Lua object.)
+*/
+#define obj2gco(v)	check_exp((v)->tt >= LUA_TSTRING, &(cast_u(v)->gc))
+
+
+/* actual number of total bytes allocated */
+#define gettotalbytes(g)	cast(lu_mem, (g)->totalbytes + (g)->GCdebt)
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1);
+LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_shrinkCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_checkcstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_incCstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_warnerror (lua_State *L, const char *where);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, int status);
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstring.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstring.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13dcaf4259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstring.c
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.c $
+** String table (keeps all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lstring_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum size for string table.
+*/
+#define MAXSTRTB	cast_int(luaM_limitN(MAX_INT, TString*))
+
+
+/*
+** equality for long strings
+*/
+int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b) {
+  size_t len = a->u.lnglen;
+  lua_assert(a->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR && b->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR);
+  return (a == b) ||  /* same instance or... */
+    ((len == b->u.lnglen) &&  /* equal length and ... */
+     (memcmp(getstr(a), getstr(b), len) == 0));  /* equal contents */
+}
+
+
+unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed) {
+  unsigned int h = seed ^ cast_uint(l);
+  for (; l > 0; l--)
+    h ^= ((h<<5) + (h>>2) + cast_byte(str[l - 1]));
+  return h;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts) {
+  lua_assert(ts->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR);
+  if (ts->extra == 0) {  /* no hash? */
+    size_t len = ts->u.lnglen;
+    ts->hash = luaS_hash(getstr(ts), len, ts->hash);
+    ts->extra = 1;  /* now it has its hash */
+  }
+  return ts->hash;
+}
+
+
+static void tablerehash (TString **vect, int osize, int nsize) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = osize; i < nsize; i++)  /* clear new elements */
+    vect[i] = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < osize; i++) {  /* rehash old part of the array */
+    TString *p = vect[i];
+    vect[i] = NULL;
+    while (p) {  /* for each string in the list */
+      TString *hnext = p->u.hnext;  /* save next */
+      unsigned int h = lmod(p->hash, nsize);  /* new position */
+      p->u.hnext = vect[h];  /* chain it into array */
+      vect[h] = p;
+      p = hnext;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Resize the string table. If allocation fails, keep the current size.
+** (This can degrade performance, but any non-zero size should work
+** correctly.)
+*/
+void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int nsize) {
+  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+  int osize = tb->size;
+  TString **newvect;
+  if (nsize < osize)  /* shrinking table? */
+    tablerehash(tb->hash, osize, nsize);  /* depopulate shrinking part */
+  newvect = luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, osize, nsize, TString*);
+  if (l_unlikely(newvect == NULL)) {  /* reallocation failed? */
+    if (nsize < osize)  /* was it shrinking table? */
+      tablerehash(tb->hash, nsize, osize);  /* restore to original size */
+    /* leave table as it was */
+  }
+  else {  /* allocation succeeded */
+    tb->hash = newvect;
+    tb->size = nsize;
+    if (nsize > osize)
+      tablerehash(newvect, osize, nsize);  /* rehash for new size */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Clear API string cache. (Entries cannot be empty, so fill them with
+** a non-collectable string.)
+*/
+void luaS_clearcache (global_State *g) {
+  int i, j;
+  for (i = 0; i < STRCACHE_N; i++)
+    for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++) {
+      if (iswhite(g->strcache[i][j]))  /* will entry be collected? */
+        g->strcache[i][j] = g->memerrmsg;  /* replace it with something fixed */
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Initialize the string table and the string cache
+*/
+void luaS_init (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  int i, j;
+  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+  tb->hash = luaM_newvector(L, MINSTRTABSIZE, TString*);
+  tablerehash(tb->hash, 0, MINSTRTABSIZE);  /* clear array */
+  tb->size = MINSTRTABSIZE;
+  /* pre-create memory-error message */
+  g->memerrmsg = luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG);
+  luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(g->memerrmsg));  /* it should never be collected */
+  for (i = 0; i < STRCACHE_N; i++)  /* fill cache with valid strings */
+    for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++)
+      g->strcache[i][j] = g->memerrmsg;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** creates a new string object
+*/
+static TString *createstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l, int tag, unsigned int h) {
+  TString *ts;
+  GCObject *o;
+  size_t totalsize;  /* total size of TString object */
+  totalsize = sizelstring(l);
+  o = luaC_newobj(L, tag, totalsize);
+  ts = gco2ts(o);
+  ts->hash = h;
+  ts->extra = 0;
+  getstr(ts)[l] = '\0';  /* ending 0 */
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+TString *luaS_createlngstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l) {
+  TString *ts = createstrobj(L, l, LUA_VLNGSTR, G(L)->seed);
+  ts->u.lnglen = l;
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+void luaS_remove (lua_State *L, TString *ts) {
+  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+  TString **p = &tb->hash[lmod(ts->hash, tb->size)];
+  while (*p != ts)  /* find previous element */
+    p = &(*p)->u.hnext;
+  *p = (*p)->u.hnext;  /* remove element from its list */
+  tb->nuse--;
+}
+
+
+static void growstrtab (lua_State *L, stringtable *tb) {
+  if (l_unlikely(tb->nuse == MAX_INT)) {  /* too many strings? */
+    luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* try to free some... */
+    if (tb->nuse == MAX_INT)  /* still too many? */
+      luaM_error(L);  /* cannot even create a message... */
+  }
+  if (tb->size <= MAXSTRTB / 2)  /* can grow string table? */
+    luaS_resize(L, tb->size * 2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Checks whether short string exists and reuses it or creates a new one.
+*/
+static TString *internshrstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+  TString *ts;
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  stringtable *tb = &g->strt;
+  unsigned int h = luaS_hash(str, l, g->seed);
+  TString **list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];
+  lua_assert(str != NULL);  /* otherwise 'memcmp'/'memcpy' are undefined */
+  for (ts = *list; ts != NULL; ts = ts->u.hnext) {
+    if (l == ts->shrlen && (memcmp(str, getstr(ts), l * sizeof(char)) == 0)) {
+      /* found! */
+      if (isdead(g, ts))  /* dead (but not collected yet)? */
+        changewhite(ts);  /* resurrect it */
+      return ts;
+    }
+  }
+  /* else must create a new string */
+  if (tb->nuse >= tb->size) {  /* need to grow string table? */
+    growstrtab(L, tb);
+    list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];  /* rehash with new size */
+  }
+  ts = createstrobj(L, l, LUA_VSHRSTR, h);
+  memcpy(getstr(ts), str, l * sizeof(char));
+  ts->shrlen = cast_byte(l);
+  ts->u.hnext = *list;
+  *list = ts;
+  tb->nuse++;
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** new string (with explicit length)
+*/
+TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+  if (l <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)  /* short string? */
+    return internshrstr(L, str, l);
+  else {
+    TString *ts;
+    if (l_unlikely(l >= (MAX_SIZE - sizeof(TString))/sizeof(char)))
+      luaM_toobig(L);
+    ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, l);
+    memcpy(getstr(ts), str, l * sizeof(char));
+    return ts;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create or reuse a zero-terminated string, first checking in the
+** cache (using the string address as a key). The cache can contain
+** only zero-terminated strings, so it is safe to use 'strcmp' to
+** check hits.
+*/
+TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str) {
+  unsigned int i = point2uint(str) % STRCACHE_N;  /* hash */
+  int j;
+  TString **p = G(L)->strcache[i];
+  for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++) {
+    if (strcmp(str, getstr(p[j])) == 0)  /* hit? */
+      return p[j];  /* that is it */
+  }
+  /* normal route */
+  for (j = STRCACHE_M - 1; j > 0; j--)
+    p[j] = p[j - 1];  /* move out last element */
+  /* new element is first in the list */
+  p[0] = luaS_newlstr(L, str, strlen(str));
+  return p[0];
+}
+
+
+Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, int nuvalue) {
+  Udata *u;
+  int i;
+  GCObject *o;
+  if (l_unlikely(s > MAX_SIZE - udatamemoffset(nuvalue)))
+    luaM_toobig(L);
+  o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUSERDATA, sizeudata(nuvalue, s));
+  u = gco2u(o);
+  u->len = s;
+  u->nuvalue = nuvalue;
+  u->metatable = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < nuvalue; i++)
+    setnilvalue(&u->uv[i].uv);
+  return u;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstring.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstring.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..450c2390d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstring.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.h $
+** String table (keep all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstring_h
+#define lstring_h
+
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Memory-allocation error message must be preallocated (it cannot
+** be created after memory is exhausted)
+*/
+#define MEMERRMSG       "not enough memory"
+
+
+/*
+** Size of a TString: Size of the header plus space for the string
+** itself (including final '\0').
+*/
+#define sizelstring(l)  (offsetof(TString, contents) + ((l) + 1) * sizeof(char))
+
+#define luaS_newliteral(L, s)	(luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \
+                                 (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1))
+
+
+/*
+** test whether a string is a reserved word
+*/
+#define isreserved(s)	((s)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR && (s)->extra > 0)
+
+
+/*
+** equality for short strings, which are always internalized
+*/
+#define eqshrstr(a,b)	check_exp((a)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR, (a) == (b))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed);
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_clearcache (global_State *g);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_remove (lua_State *L, TString *ts);
+LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, int nuvalue);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_createlngstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstrlib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstrlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03167161df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lstrlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1874 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstrlib.c $
+** Standard library for string operations and pattern-matching
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lstrlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of captures that a pattern can do during
+** pattern-matching. This limit is arbitrary, but must fit in
+** an unsigned char.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_MAXCAPTURES)
+#define LUA_MAXCAPTURES		32
+#endif
+
+
+/* macro to 'unsign' a character */
+#define uchar(c)	((unsigned char)(c))
+
+
+/*
+** Some sizes are better limited to fit in 'int', but must also fit in
+** 'size_t'. (We assume that 'lua_Integer' cannot be smaller than 'int'.)
+*/
+#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
+
+#define MAXSIZE  \
+	(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(int) ? MAX_SIZET : (size_t)(INT_MAX))
+
+
+
+
+static int str_len (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)l);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** translate a relative initial string position
+** (negative means back from end): clip result to [1, inf).
+** The length of any string in Lua must fit in a lua_Integer,
+** so there are no overflows in the casts.
+** The inverted comparison avoids a possible overflow
+** computing '-pos'.
+*/
+static size_t posrelatI (lua_Integer pos, size_t len) {
+  if (pos > 0)
+    return (size_t)pos;
+  else if (pos == 0)
+    return 1;
+  else if (pos < -(lua_Integer)len)  /* inverted comparison */
+    return 1;  /* clip to 1 */
+  else return len + (size_t)pos + 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Gets an optional ending string position from argument 'arg',
+** with default value 'def'.
+** Negative means back from end: clip result to [0, len]
+*/
+static size_t getendpos (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Integer def,
+                         size_t len) {
+  lua_Integer pos = luaL_optinteger(L, arg, def);
+  if (pos > (lua_Integer)len)
+    return len;
+  else if (pos >= 0)
+    return (size_t)pos;
+  else if (pos < -(lua_Integer)len)
+    return 0;
+  else return len + (size_t)pos + 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_sub (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  size_t start = posrelatI(luaL_checkinteger(L, 2), l);
+  size_t end = getendpos(L, 3, -1, l);
+  if (start <= end)
+    lua_pushlstring(L, s + start - 1, (end - start) + 1);
+  else lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_reverse (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l, i;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+  for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
+    p[i] = s[l - i - 1];
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_lower (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  size_t i;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+  for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+    p[i] = tolower(uchar(s[i]));
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_upper (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  size_t i;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+  for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+    p[i] = toupper(uchar(s[i]));
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_rep (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l, lsep;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 3, "", &lsep);
+  if (n <= 0)
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+  else if (l_unlikely(l + lsep < l || l + lsep > MAXSIZE / n))
+    return luaL_error(L, "resulting string too large");
+  else {
+    size_t totallen = (size_t)n * l + (size_t)(n - 1) * lsep;
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, totallen);
+    while (n-- > 1) {  /* first n-1 copies (followed by separator) */
+      memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char)); p += l;
+      if (lsep > 0) {  /* empty 'memcpy' is not that cheap */
+        memcpy(p, sep, lsep * sizeof(char));
+        p += lsep;
+      }
+    }
+    memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char));  /* last copy (not followed by separator) */
+    luaL_pushresultsize(&b, totallen);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_byte (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  lua_Integer pi = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  size_t posi = posrelatI(pi, l);
+  size_t pose = getendpos(L, 3, pi, l);
+  int n, i;
+  if (posi > pose) return 0;  /* empty interval; return no values */
+  if (l_unlikely(pose - posi >= (size_t)INT_MAX))  /* arithmetic overflow? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");
+  n = (int)(pose -  posi) + 1;
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
+  for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+    lua_pushinteger(L, uchar(s[posi+i-1]));
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static int str_char (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int i;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, n);
+  for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
+    lua_Unsigned c = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, i);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, c <= (lua_Unsigned)UCHAR_MAX, i, "value out of range");
+    p[i - 1] = uchar(c);
+  }
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, n);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Buffer to store the result of 'string.dump'. It must be initialized
+** after the call to 'lua_dump', to ensure that the function is on the
+** top of the stack when 'lua_dump' is called. ('luaL_buffinit' might
+** push stuff.)
+*/
+struct str_Writer {
+  int init;  /* true iff buffer has been initialized */
+  luaL_Buffer B;
+};
+
+
+static int writer (lua_State *L, const void *b, size_t size, void *ud) {
+  struct str_Writer *state = (struct str_Writer *)ud;
+  if (!state->init) {
+    state->init = 1;
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &state->B);
+  }
+  luaL_addlstring(&state->B, (const char *)b, size);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int str_dump (lua_State *L) {
+  struct str_Writer state;
+  int strip = lua_toboolean(L, 2);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+  lua_settop(L, 1);  /* ensure function is on the top of the stack */
+  state.init = 0;
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_dump(L, writer, &state, strip) != 0))
+    return luaL_error(L, "unable to dump given function");
+  luaL_pushresult(&state.B);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** METAMETHODS
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_NOCVTS2N)	/* { */
+
+/* no coercion from strings to numbers */
+
+static const luaL_Reg stringmetamethods[] = {
+  {"__index", NULL},  /* placeholder */
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+#else		/* }{ */
+
+static int tonum (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {  /* already a number? */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {  /* check whether it is a numerical string */
+    size_t len;
+    const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, arg, &len);
+    return (s != NULL && lua_stringtonumber(L, s) == len + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void trymt (lua_State *L, const char *mtname) {
+  lua_settop(L, 2);  /* back to the original arguments */
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_type(L, 2) == LUA_TSTRING ||
+                 !luaL_getmetafield(L, 2, mtname)))
+    luaL_error(L, "attempt to %s a '%s' with a '%s'", mtname + 2,
+                  luaL_typename(L, -2), luaL_typename(L, -1));
+  lua_insert(L, -3);  /* put metamethod before arguments */
+  lua_call(L, 2, 1);  /* call metamethod */
+}
+
+
+static int arith (lua_State *L, int op, const char *mtname) {
+  if (tonum(L, 1) && tonum(L, 2))
+    lua_arith(L, op);  /* result will be on the top */
+  else
+    trymt(L, mtname);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int arith_add (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPADD, "__add");
+}
+
+static int arith_sub (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPSUB, "__sub");
+}
+
+static int arith_mul (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPMUL, "__mul");
+}
+
+static int arith_mod (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPMOD, "__mod");
+}
+
+static int arith_pow (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPPOW, "__pow");
+}
+
+static int arith_div (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPDIV, "__div");
+}
+
+static int arith_idiv (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPIDIV, "__idiv");
+}
+
+static int arith_unm (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPUNM, "__unm");
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg stringmetamethods[] = {
+  {"__add", arith_add},
+  {"__sub", arith_sub},
+  {"__mul", arith_mul},
+  {"__mod", arith_mod},
+  {"__pow", arith_pow},
+  {"__div", arith_div},
+  {"__idiv", arith_idiv},
+  {"__unm", arith_unm},
+  {"__index", NULL},  /* placeholder */
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+#endif		/* } */
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** PATTERN MATCHING
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define CAP_UNFINISHED	(-1)
+#define CAP_POSITION	(-2)
+
+
+typedef struct MatchState {
+  const char *src_init;  /* init of source string */
+  const char *src_end;  /* end ('\0') of source string */
+  const char *p_end;  /* end ('\0') of pattern */
+  lua_State *L;
+  int matchdepth;  /* control for recursive depth (to avoid C stack overflow) */
+  unsigned char level;  /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */
+  struct {
+    const char *init;
+    ptrdiff_t len;
+  } capture[LUA_MAXCAPTURES];
+} MatchState;
+
+
+/* recursive function */
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p);
+
+
+/* maximum recursion depth for 'match' */
+#if !defined(MAXCCALLS)
+#define MAXCCALLS	200
+#endif
+
+
+#define L_ESC		'%'
+#define SPECIALS	"^$*+?.([%-"
+
+
+static int check_capture (MatchState *ms, int l) {
+  l -= '1';
+  if (l_unlikely(l < 0 || l >= ms->level ||
+                 ms->capture[l].len == CAP_UNFINISHED))
+    return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index %%%d", l + 1);
+  return l;
+}
+
+
+static int capture_to_close (MatchState *ms) {
+  int level = ms->level;
+  for (level--; level>=0; level--)
+    if (ms->capture[level].len == CAP_UNFINISHED) return level;
+  return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid pattern capture");
+}
+
+
+static const char *classend (MatchState *ms, const char *p) {
+  switch (*p++) {
+    case L_ESC: {
+      if (l_unlikely(p == ms->p_end))
+        luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (ends with '%%')");
+      return p+1;
+    }
+    case '[': {
+      if (*p == '^') p++;
+      do {  /* look for a ']' */
+        if (l_unlikely(p == ms->p_end))
+          luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing ']')");
+        if (*(p++) == L_ESC && p < ms->p_end)
+          p++;  /* skip escapes (e.g. '%]') */
+      } while (*p != ']');
+      return p+1;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int match_class (int c, int cl) {
+  int res;
+  switch (tolower(cl)) {
+    case 'a' : res = isalpha(c); break;
+    case 'c' : res = iscntrl(c); break;
+    case 'd' : res = isdigit(c); break;
+    case 'g' : res = isgraph(c); break;
+    case 'l' : res = islower(c); break;
+    case 'p' : res = ispunct(c); break;
+    case 's' : res = isspace(c); break;
+    case 'u' : res = isupper(c); break;
+    case 'w' : res = isalnum(c); break;
+    case 'x' : res = isxdigit(c); break;
+    case 'z' : res = (c == 0); break;  /* deprecated option */
+    default: return (cl == c);
+  }
+  return (islower(cl) ? res : !res);
+}
+
+
+static int matchbracketclass (int c, const char *p, const char *ec) {
+  int sig = 1;
+  if (*(p+1) == '^') {
+    sig = 0;
+    p++;  /* skip the '^' */
+  }
+  while (++p < ec) {
+    if (*p == L_ESC) {
+      p++;
+      if (match_class(c, uchar(*p)))
+        return sig;
+    }
+    else if ((*(p+1) == '-') && (p+2 < ec)) {
+      p+=2;
+      if (uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= uchar(*p))
+        return sig;
+    }
+    else if (uchar(*p) == c) return sig;
+  }
+  return !sig;
+}
+
+
+static int singlematch (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p,
+                        const char *ep) {
+  if (s >= ms->src_end)
+    return 0;
+  else {
+    int c = uchar(*s);
+    switch (*p) {
+      case '.': return 1;  /* matches any char */
+      case L_ESC: return match_class(c, uchar(*(p+1)));
+      case '[': return matchbracketclass(c, p, ep-1);
+      default:  return (uchar(*p) == c);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *matchbalance (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                   const char *p) {
+  if (l_unlikely(p >= ms->p_end - 1))
+    luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing arguments to '%%b')");
+  if (*s != *p) return NULL;
+  else {
+    int b = *p;
+    int e = *(p+1);
+    int cont = 1;
+    while (++s < ms->src_end) {
+      if (*s == e) {
+        if (--cont == 0) return s+1;
+      }
+      else if (*s == b) cont++;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* string ends out of balance */
+}
+
+
+static const char *max_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                 const char *p, const char *ep) {
+  ptrdiff_t i = 0;  /* counts maximum expand for item */
+  while (singlematch(ms, s + i, p, ep))
+    i++;
+  /* keeps trying to match with the maximum repetitions */
+  while (i>=0) {
+    const char *res = match(ms, (s+i), ep+1);
+    if (res) return res;
+    i--;  /* else didn't match; reduce 1 repetition to try again */
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *min_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                 const char *p, const char *ep) {
+  for (;;) {
+    const char *res = match(ms, s, ep+1);
+    if (res != NULL)
+      return res;
+    else if (singlematch(ms, s, p, ep))
+      s++;  /* try with one more repetition */
+    else return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *start_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                    const char *p, int what) {
+  const char *res;
+  int level = ms->level;
+  if (level >= LUA_MAXCAPTURES) luaL_error(ms->L, "too many captures");
+  ms->capture[level].init = s;
+  ms->capture[level].len = what;
+  ms->level = level+1;
+  if ((res=match(ms, s, p)) == NULL)  /* match failed? */
+    ms->level--;  /* undo capture */
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *end_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                  const char *p) {
+  int l = capture_to_close(ms);
+  const char *res;
+  ms->capture[l].len = s - ms->capture[l].init;  /* close capture */
+  if ((res = match(ms, s, p)) == NULL)  /* match failed? */
+    ms->capture[l].len = CAP_UNFINISHED;  /* undo capture */
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, int l) {
+  size_t len;
+  l = check_capture(ms, l);
+  len = ms->capture[l].len;
+  if ((size_t)(ms->src_end-s) >= len &&
+      memcmp(ms->capture[l].init, s, len) == 0)
+    return s+len;
+  else return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) {
+  if (l_unlikely(ms->matchdepth-- == 0))
+    luaL_error(ms->L, "pattern too complex");
+  init: /* using goto to optimize tail recursion */
+  if (p != ms->p_end) {  /* end of pattern? */
+    switch (*p) {
+      case '(': {  /* start capture */
+        if (*(p + 1) == ')')  /* position capture? */
+          s = start_capture(ms, s, p + 2, CAP_POSITION);
+        else
+          s = start_capture(ms, s, p + 1, CAP_UNFINISHED);
+        break;
+      }
+      case ')': {  /* end capture */
+        s = end_capture(ms, s, p + 1);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '$': {
+        if ((p + 1) != ms->p_end)  /* is the '$' the last char in pattern? */
+          goto dflt;  /* no; go to default */
+        s = (s == ms->src_end) ? s : NULL;  /* check end of string */
+        break;
+      }
+      case L_ESC: {  /* escaped sequences not in the format class[*+?-]? */
+        switch (*(p + 1)) {
+          case 'b': {  /* balanced string? */
+            s = matchbalance(ms, s, p + 2);
+            if (s != NULL) {
+              p += 4; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, p + 4); */
+            }  /* else fail (s == NULL) */
+            break;
+          }
+          case 'f': {  /* frontier? */
+            const char *ep; char previous;
+            p += 2;
+            if (l_unlikely(*p != '['))
+              luaL_error(ms->L, "missing '[' after '%%f' in pattern");
+            ep = classend(ms, p);  /* points to what is next */
+            previous = (s == ms->src_init) ? '\0' : *(s - 1);
+            if (!matchbracketclass(uchar(previous), p, ep - 1) &&
+               matchbracketclass(uchar(*s), p, ep - 1)) {
+              p = ep; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, ep); */
+            }
+            s = NULL;  /* match failed */
+            break;
+          }
+          case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+          case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+          case '8': case '9': {  /* capture results (%0-%9)? */
+            s = match_capture(ms, s, uchar(*(p + 1)));
+            if (s != NULL) {
+              p += 2; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, p + 2) */
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          default: goto dflt;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default: dflt: {  /* pattern class plus optional suffix */
+        const char *ep = classend(ms, p);  /* points to optional suffix */
+        /* does not match at least once? */
+        if (!singlematch(ms, s, p, ep)) {
+          if (*ep == '*' || *ep == '?' || *ep == '-') {  /* accept empty? */
+            p = ep + 1; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, ep + 1); */
+          }
+          else  /* '+' or no suffix */
+            s = NULL;  /* fail */
+        }
+        else {  /* matched once */
+          switch (*ep) {  /* handle optional suffix */
+            case '?': {  /* optional */
+              const char *res;
+              if ((res = match(ms, s + 1, ep + 1)) != NULL)
+                s = res;
+              else {
+                p = ep + 1; goto init;  /* else return match(ms, s, ep + 1); */
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+            case '+':  /* 1 or more repetitions */
+              s++;  /* 1 match already done */
+              /* FALLTHROUGH */
+            case '*':  /* 0 or more repetitions */
+              s = max_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+              break;
+            case '-':  /* 0 or more repetitions (minimum) */
+              s = min_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+              break;
+            default:  /* no suffix */
+              s++; p = ep; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s + 1, ep); */
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  ms->matchdepth++;
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1,
+                               const char *s2, size_t l2) {
+  if (l2 == 0) return s1;  /* empty strings are everywhere */
+  else if (l2 > l1) return NULL;  /* avoids a negative 'l1' */
+  else {
+    const char *init;  /* to search for a '*s2' inside 's1' */
+    l2--;  /* 1st char will be checked by 'memchr' */
+    l1 = l1-l2;  /* 's2' cannot be found after that */
+    while (l1 > 0 && (init = (const char *)memchr(s1, *s2, l1)) != NULL) {
+      init++;   /* 1st char is already checked */
+      if (memcmp(init, s2+1, l2) == 0)
+        return init-1;
+      else {  /* correct 'l1' and 's1' to try again */
+        l1 -= init-s1;
+        s1 = init;
+      }
+    }
+    return NULL;  /* not found */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** get information about the i-th capture. If there are no captures
+** and 'i==0', return information about the whole match, which
+** is the range 's'..'e'. If the capture is a string, return
+** its length and put its address in '*cap'. If it is an integer
+** (a position), push it on the stack and return CAP_POSITION.
+*/
+static size_t get_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
+                              const char *e, const char **cap) {
+  if (i >= ms->level) {
+    if (l_unlikely(i != 0))
+      luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index %%%d", i + 1);
+    *cap = s;
+    return e - s;
+  }
+  else {
+    ptrdiff_t capl = ms->capture[i].len;
+    *cap = ms->capture[i].init;
+    if (l_unlikely(capl == CAP_UNFINISHED))
+      luaL_error(ms->L, "unfinished capture");
+    else if (capl == CAP_POSITION)
+      lua_pushinteger(ms->L, (ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init) + 1);
+    return capl;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Push the i-th capture on the stack.
+*/
+static void push_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
+                                                    const char *e) {
+  const char *cap;
+  ptrdiff_t l = get_onecapture(ms, i, s, e, &cap);
+  if (l != CAP_POSITION)
+    lua_pushlstring(ms->L, cap, l);
+  /* else position was already pushed */
+}
+
+
+static int push_captures (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *e) {
+  int i;
+  int nlevels = (ms->level == 0 && s) ? 1 : ms->level;
+  luaL_checkstack(ms->L, nlevels, "too many captures");
+  for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++)
+    push_onecapture(ms, i, s, e);
+  return nlevels;  /* number of strings pushed */
+}
+
+
+/* check whether pattern has no special characters */
+static int nospecials (const char *p, size_t l) {
+  size_t upto = 0;
+  do {
+    if (strpbrk(p + upto, SPECIALS))
+      return 0;  /* pattern has a special character */
+    upto += strlen(p + upto) + 1;  /* may have more after \0 */
+  } while (upto <= l);
+  return 1;  /* no special chars found */
+}
+
+
+static void prepstate (MatchState *ms, lua_State *L,
+                       const char *s, size_t ls, const char *p, size_t lp) {
+  ms->L = L;
+  ms->matchdepth = MAXCCALLS;
+  ms->src_init = s;
+  ms->src_end = s + ls;
+  ms->p_end = p + lp;
+}
+
+
+static void reprepstate (MatchState *ms) {
+  ms->level = 0;
+  lua_assert(ms->matchdepth == MAXCCALLS);
+}
+
+
+static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) {
+  size_t ls, lp;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &ls);
+  const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);
+  size_t init = posrelatI(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), ls) - 1;
+  if (init > ls) {  /* start after string's end? */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* cannot find anything */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  /* explicit request or no special characters? */
+  if (find && (lua_toboolean(L, 4) || nospecials(p, lp))) {
+    /* do a plain search */
+    const char *s2 = lmemfind(s + init, ls - init, p, lp);
+    if (s2) {
+      lua_pushinteger(L, (s2 - s) + 1);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, (s2 - s) + lp);
+      return 2;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    MatchState ms;
+    const char *s1 = s + init;
+    int anchor = (*p == '^');
+    if (anchor) {
+      p++; lp--;  /* skip anchor character */
+    }
+    prepstate(&ms, L, s, ls, p, lp);
+    do {
+      const char *res;
+      reprepstate(&ms);
+      if ((res=match(&ms, s1, p)) != NULL) {
+        if (find) {
+          lua_pushinteger(L, (s1 - s) + 1);  /* start */
+          lua_pushinteger(L, res - s);   /* end */
+          return push_captures(&ms, NULL, 0) + 2;
+        }
+        else
+          return push_captures(&ms, s1, res);
+      }
+    } while (s1++ < ms.src_end && !anchor);
+  }
+  luaL_pushfail(L);  /* not found */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_find (lua_State *L) {
+  return str_find_aux(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int str_match (lua_State *L) {
+  return str_find_aux(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+/* state for 'gmatch' */
+typedef struct GMatchState {
+  const char *src;  /* current position */
+  const char *p;  /* pattern */
+  const char *lastmatch;  /* end of last match */
+  MatchState ms;  /* match state */
+} GMatchState;
+
+
+static int gmatch_aux (lua_State *L) {
+  GMatchState *gm = (GMatchState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));
+  const char *src;
+  gm->ms.L = L;
+  for (src = gm->src; src <= gm->ms.src_end; src++) {
+    const char *e;
+    reprepstate(&gm->ms);
+    if ((e = match(&gm->ms, src, gm->p)) != NULL && e != gm->lastmatch) {
+      gm->src = gm->lastmatch = e;
+      return push_captures(&gm->ms, src, e);
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int gmatch (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t ls, lp;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &ls);
+  const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);
+  size_t init = posrelatI(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), ls) - 1;
+  GMatchState *gm;
+  lua_settop(L, 2);  /* keep strings on closure to avoid being collected */
+  gm = (GMatchState *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(GMatchState), 0);
+  if (init > ls)  /* start after string's end? */
+    init = ls + 1;  /* avoid overflows in 's + init' */
+  prepstate(&gm->ms, L, s, ls, p, lp);
+  gm->src = s + init; gm->p = p; gm->lastmatch = NULL;
+  lua_pushcclosure(L, gmatch_aux, 3);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void add_s (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                                   const char *e) {
+  size_t l;
+  lua_State *L = ms->L;
+  const char *news = lua_tolstring(L, 3, &l);
+  const char *p;
+  while ((p = (char *)memchr(news, L_ESC, l)) != NULL) {
+    luaL_addlstring(b, news, p - news);
+    p++;  /* skip ESC */
+    if (*p == L_ESC)  /* '%%' */
+      luaL_addchar(b, *p);
+    else if (*p == '0')  /* '%0' */
+        luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);
+    else if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) {  /* '%n' */
+      const char *cap;
+      ptrdiff_t resl = get_onecapture(ms, *p - '1', s, e, &cap);
+      if (resl == CAP_POSITION)
+        luaL_addvalue(b);  /* add position to accumulated result */
+      else
+        luaL_addlstring(b, cap, resl);
+    }
+    else
+      luaL_error(L, "invalid use of '%c' in replacement string", L_ESC);
+    l -= p + 1 - news;
+    news = p + 1;
+  }
+  luaL_addlstring(b, news, l);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add the replacement value to the string buffer 'b'.
+** Return true if the original string was changed. (Function calls and
+** table indexing resulting in nil or false do not change the subject.)
+*/
+static int add_value (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                      const char *e, int tr) {
+  lua_State *L = ms->L;
+  switch (tr) {
+    case LUA_TFUNCTION: {  /* call the function */
+      int n;
+      lua_pushvalue(L, 3);  /* push the function */
+      n = push_captures(ms, s, e);  /* all captures as arguments */
+      lua_call(L, n, 1);  /* call it */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_TTABLE: {  /* index the table */
+      push_onecapture(ms, 0, s, e);  /* first capture is the index */
+      lua_gettable(L, 3);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {  /* LUA_TNUMBER or LUA_TSTRING */
+      add_s(ms, b, s, e);  /* add value to the buffer */
+      return 1;  /* something changed */
+    }
+  }
+  if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) {  /* nil or false? */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
+    luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);  /* keep original text */
+    return 0;  /* no changes */
+  }
+  else if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
+    return luaL_error(L, "invalid replacement value (a %s)",
+                         luaL_typename(L, -1));
+  else {
+    luaL_addvalue(b);  /* add result to accumulator */
+    return 1;  /* something changed */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t srcl, lp;
+  const char *src = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &srcl);  /* subject */
+  const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);  /* pattern */
+  const char *lastmatch = NULL;  /* end of last match */
+  int tr = lua_type(L, 3);  /* replacement type */
+  lua_Integer max_s = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, srcl + 1);  /* max replacements */
+  int anchor = (*p == '^');
+  lua_Integer n = 0;  /* replacement count */
+  int changed = 0;  /* change flag */
+  MatchState ms;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_argexpected(L, tr == LUA_TNUMBER || tr == LUA_TSTRING ||
+                   tr == LUA_TFUNCTION || tr == LUA_TTABLE, 3,
+                      "string/function/table");
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  if (anchor) {
+    p++; lp--;  /* skip anchor character */
+  }
+  prepstate(&ms, L, src, srcl, p, lp);
+  while (n < max_s) {
+    const char *e;
+    reprepstate(&ms);  /* (re)prepare state for new match */
+    if ((e = match(&ms, src, p)) != NULL && e != lastmatch) {  /* match? */
+      n++;
+      changed = add_value(&ms, &b, src, e, tr) | changed;
+      src = lastmatch = e;
+    }
+    else if (src < ms.src_end)  /* otherwise, skip one character */
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *src++);
+    else break;  /* end of subject */
+    if (anchor) break;
+  }
+  if (!changed)  /* no changes? */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* return original string */
+  else {  /* something changed */
+    luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ms.src_end-src);
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* create and return new string */
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* number of substitutions */
+  return 2;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** STRING FORMAT
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lua_number2strx)	/* { */
+
+/*
+** Hexadecimal floating-point formatter
+*/
+
+#define SIZELENMOD	(sizeof(LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN)/sizeof(char))
+
+
+/*
+** Number of bits that goes into the first digit. It can be any value
+** between 1 and 4; the following definition tries to align the number
+** to nibble boundaries by making what is left after that first digit a
+** multiple of 4.
+*/
+#define L_NBFD		((l_floatatt(MANT_DIG) - 1)%4 + 1)
+
+
+/*
+** Add integer part of 'x' to buffer and return new 'x'
+*/
+static lua_Number adddigit (char *buff, int n, lua_Number x) {
+  lua_Number dd = l_mathop(floor)(x);  /* get integer part from 'x' */
+  int d = (int)dd;
+  buff[n] = (d < 10 ? d + '0' : d - 10 + 'a');  /* add to buffer */
+  return x - dd;  /* return what is left */
+}
+
+
+static int num2straux (char *buff, int sz, lua_Number x) {
+  /* if 'inf' or 'NaN', format it like '%g' */
+  if (x != x || x == (lua_Number)HUGE_VAL || x == -(lua_Number)HUGE_VAL)
+    return l_sprintf(buff, sz, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)x);
+  else if (x == 0) {  /* can be -0... */
+    /* create "0" or "-0" followed by exponent */
+    return l_sprintf(buff, sz, LUA_NUMBER_FMT "x0p+0", (LUAI_UACNUMBER)x);
+  }
+  else {
+    int e;
+    lua_Number m = l_mathop(frexp)(x, &e);  /* 'x' fraction and exponent */
+    int n = 0;  /* character count */
+    if (m < 0) {  /* is number negative? */
+      buff[n++] = '-';  /* add sign */
+      m = -m;  /* make it positive */
+    }
+    buff[n++] = '0'; buff[n++] = 'x';  /* add "0x" */
+    m = adddigit(buff, n++, m * (1 << L_NBFD));  /* add first digit */
+    e -= L_NBFD;  /* this digit goes before the radix point */
+    if (m > 0) {  /* more digits? */
+      buff[n++] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* add radix point */
+      do {  /* add as many digits as needed */
+        m = adddigit(buff, n++, m * 16);
+      } while (m > 0);
+    }
+    n += l_sprintf(buff + n, sz - n, "p%+d", e);  /* add exponent */
+    lua_assert(n < sz);
+    return n;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int lua_number2strx (lua_State *L, char *buff, int sz,
+                            const char *fmt, lua_Number x) {
+  int n = num2straux(buff, sz, x);
+  if (fmt[SIZELENMOD] == 'A') {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+      buff[i] = toupper(uchar(buff[i]));
+  }
+  else if (l_unlikely(fmt[SIZELENMOD] != 'a'))
+    return luaL_error(L, "modifiers for format '%%a'/'%%A' not implemented");
+  return n;
+}
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum size for items formatted with '%f'. This size is produced
+** by format('%.99f', -maxfloat), and is equal to 99 + 3 ('-', '.',
+** and '\0') + number of decimal digits to represent maxfloat (which
+** is maximum exponent + 1). (99+3+1, adding some extra, 110)
+*/
+#define MAX_ITEMF	(110 + l_floatatt(MAX_10_EXP))
+
+
+/*
+** All formats except '%f' do not need that large limit.  The other
+** float formats use exponents, so that they fit in the 99 limit for
+** significant digits; 's' for large strings and 'q' add items directly
+** to the buffer; all integer formats also fit in the 99 limit.  The
+** worst case are floats: they may need 99 significant digits, plus
+** '0x', '-', '.', 'e+XXXX', and '\0'. Adding some extra, 120.
+*/
+#define MAX_ITEM	120
+
+
+/* valid flags in a format specification */
+#if !defined(L_FMTFLAGSF)
+
+/* valid flags for a, A, e, E, f, F, g, and G conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSF	"-+#0 "
+
+/* valid flags for o, x, and X conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSX	"-#0"
+
+/* valid flags for d and i conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSI	"-+0 "
+
+/* valid flags for u conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSU	"-0"
+
+/* valid flags for c, p, and s conversions */
+#define L_FMTFLAGSC	"-"
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum size of each format specification (such as "%-099.99d"):
+** Initial '%', flags (up to 5), width (2), period, precision (2),
+** length modifier (8), conversion specifier, and final '\0', plus some
+** extra.
+*/
+#define MAX_FORMAT	32
+
+
+static void addquoted (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s, size_t len) {
+  luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+  while (len--) {
+    if (*s == '"' || *s == '\\' || *s == '\n') {
+      luaL_addchar(b, '\\');
+      luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+    }
+    else if (iscntrl(uchar(*s))) {
+      char buff[10];
+      if (!isdigit(uchar(*(s+1))))
+        l_sprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "\\%d", (int)uchar(*s));
+      else
+        l_sprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "\\%03d", (int)uchar(*s));
+      luaL_addstring(b, buff);
+    }
+    else
+      luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+    s++;
+  }
+  luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Serialize a floating-point number in such a way that it can be
+** scanned back by Lua. Use hexadecimal format for "common" numbers
+** (to preserve precision); inf, -inf, and NaN are handled separately.
+** (NaN cannot be expressed as a numeral, so we write '(0/0)' for it.)
+*/
+static int quotefloat (lua_State *L, char *buff, lua_Number n) {
+  const char *s;  /* for the fixed representations */
+  if (n == (lua_Number)HUGE_VAL)  /* inf? */
+    s = "1e9999";
+  else if (n == -(lua_Number)HUGE_VAL)  /* -inf? */
+    s = "-1e9999";
+  else if (n != n)  /* NaN? */
+    s = "(0/0)";
+  else {  /* format number as hexadecimal */
+    int  nb = lua_number2strx(L, buff, MAX_ITEM,
+                                 "%" LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN "a", n);
+    /* ensures that 'buff' string uses a dot as the radix character */
+    if (memchr(buff, '.', nb) == NULL) {  /* no dot? */
+      char point = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* try locale point */
+      char *ppoint = (char *)memchr(buff, point, nb);
+      if (ppoint) *ppoint = '.';  /* change it to a dot */
+    }
+    return nb;
+  }
+  /* for the fixed representations */
+  return l_sprintf(buff, MAX_ITEM, "%s", s);
+}
+
+
+static void addliteral (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {
+  switch (lua_type(L, arg)) {
+    case LUA_TSTRING: {
+      size_t len;
+      const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, arg, &len);
+      addquoted(b, s, len);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_TNUMBER: {
+      char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(b, MAX_ITEM);
+      int nb;
+      if (!lua_isinteger(L, arg))  /* float? */
+        nb = quotefloat(L, buff, lua_tonumber(L, arg));
+      else {  /* integers */
+        lua_Integer n = lua_tointeger(L, arg);
+        const char *format = (n == LUA_MININTEGER)  /* corner case? */
+                           ? "0x%" LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN "x"  /* use hex */
+                           : LUA_INTEGER_FMT;  /* else use default format */
+        nb = l_sprintf(buff, MAX_ITEM, format, (LUAI_UACINT)n);
+      }
+      luaL_addsize(b, nb);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_TNIL: case LUA_TBOOLEAN: {
+      luaL_tolstring(L, arg, NULL);
+      luaL_addvalue(b);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      luaL_argerror(L, arg, "value has no literal form");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *get2digits (const char *s) {
+  if (isdigit(uchar(*s))) {
+    s++;
+    if (isdigit(uchar(*s))) s++;  /* (2 digits at most) */
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether a conversion specification is valid. When called,
+** first character in 'form' must be '%' and last character must
+** be a valid conversion specifier. 'flags' are the accepted flags;
+** 'precision' signals whether to accept a precision.
+*/
+static void checkformat (lua_State *L, const char *form, const char *flags,
+                                       int precision) {
+  const char *spec = form + 1;  /* skip '%' */
+  spec += strspn(spec, flags);  /* skip flags */
+  if (*spec != '0') {  /* a width cannot start with '0' */
+    spec = get2digits(spec);  /* skip width */
+    if (*spec == '.' && precision) {
+      spec++;
+      spec = get2digits(spec);  /* skip precision */
+    }
+  }
+  if (!isalpha(uchar(*spec)))  /* did not go to the end? */
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid conversion specification: '%s'", form);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get a conversion specification and copy it to 'form'.
+** Return the address of its last character.
+*/
+static const char *getformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt,
+                                            char *form) {
+  /* spans flags, width, and precision ('0' is included as a flag) */
+  size_t len = strspn(strfrmt, L_FMTFLAGSF "123456789.");
+  len++;  /* adds following character (should be the specifier) */
+  /* still needs space for '%', '\0', plus a length modifier */
+  if (len >= MAX_FORMAT - 10)
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid format (too long)");
+  *(form++) = '%';
+  memcpy(form, strfrmt, len * sizeof(char));
+  *(form + len) = '\0';
+  return strfrmt + len - 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** add length modifier into formats
+*/
+static void addlenmod (char *form, const char *lenmod) {
+  size_t l = strlen(form);
+  size_t lm = strlen(lenmod);
+  char spec = form[l - 1];
+  strcpy(form + l - 1, lenmod);
+  form[l + lm - 1] = spec;
+  form[l + lm] = '\0';
+}
+
+
+static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
+  int top = lua_gettop(L);
+  int arg = 1;
+  size_t sfl;
+  const char *strfrmt = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &sfl);
+  const char *strfrmt_end = strfrmt+sfl;
+  const char *flags;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  while (strfrmt < strfrmt_end) {
+    if (*strfrmt != L_ESC)
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);
+    else if (*++strfrmt == L_ESC)
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);  /* %% */
+    else { /* format item */
+      char form[MAX_FORMAT];  /* to store the format ('%...') */
+      int maxitem = MAX_ITEM;  /* maximum length for the result */
+      char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, maxitem);  /* to put result */
+      int nb = 0;  /* number of bytes in result */
+      if (++arg > top)
+        return luaL_argerror(L, arg, "no value");
+      strfrmt = getformat(L, strfrmt, form);
+      switch (*strfrmt++) {
+        case 'c': {
+          checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSC, 0);
+          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg));
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'd': case 'i':
+          flags = L_FMTFLAGSI;
+          goto intcase;
+        case 'u':
+          flags = L_FMTFLAGSU;
+          goto intcase;
+        case 'o': case 'x': case 'X':
+          flags = L_FMTFLAGSX;
+         intcase: {
+          lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+          checkformat(L, form, flags, 1);
+          addlenmod(form, LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN);
+          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (LUAI_UACINT)n);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'a': case 'A':
+          checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSF, 1);
+          addlenmod(form, LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN);
+          nb = lua_number2strx(L, buff, maxitem, form,
+                                  luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+          break;
+        case 'f':
+          maxitem = MAX_ITEMF;  /* extra space for '%f' */
+          buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, maxitem);
+          /* FALLTHROUGH */
+        case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G': {
+          lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);
+          checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSF, 1);
+          addlenmod(form, LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN);
+          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)n);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'p': {
+          const void *p = lua_topointer(L, arg);
+          checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSC, 0);
+          if (p == NULL) {  /* avoid calling 'printf' with argument NULL */
+            p = "(null)";  /* result */
+            form[strlen(form) - 1] = 's';  /* format it as a string */
+          }
+          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, p);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'q': {
+          if (form[2] != '\0')  /* modifiers? */
+            return luaL_error(L, "specifier '%%q' cannot have modifiers");
+          addliteral(L, &b, arg);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 's': {
+          size_t l;
+          const char *s = luaL_tolstring(L, arg, &l);
+          if (form[2] == '\0')  /* no modifiers? */
+            luaL_addvalue(&b);  /* keep entire string */
+          else {
+            luaL_argcheck(L, l == strlen(s), arg, "string contains zeros");
+            checkformat(L, form, L_FMTFLAGSC, 1);
+            if (strchr(form, '.') == NULL && l >= 100) {
+              /* no precision and string is too long to be formatted */
+              luaL_addvalue(&b);  /* keep entire string */
+            }
+            else {  /* format the string into 'buff' */
+              nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, s);
+              lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove result from 'luaL_tolstring' */
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        default: {  /* also treat cases 'pnLlh' */
+          return luaL_error(L, "invalid conversion '%s' to 'format'", form);
+        }
+      }
+      lua_assert(nb < maxitem);
+      luaL_addsize(&b, nb);
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** PACK/UNPACK
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/* value used for padding */
+#if !defined(LUAL_PACKPADBYTE)
+#define LUAL_PACKPADBYTE		0x00
+#endif
+
+/* maximum size for the binary representation of an integer */
+#define MAXINTSIZE	16
+
+/* number of bits in a character */
+#define NB	CHAR_BIT
+
+/* mask for one character (NB 1's) */
+#define MC	((1 << NB) - 1)
+
+/* size of a lua_Integer */
+#define SZINT	((int)sizeof(lua_Integer))
+
+
+/* dummy union to get native endianness */
+static const union {
+  int dummy;
+  char little;  /* true iff machine is little endian */
+} nativeendian = {1};
+
+
+/*
+** information to pack/unpack stuff
+*/
+typedef struct Header {
+  lua_State *L;
+  int islittle;
+  int maxalign;
+} Header;
+
+
+/*
+** options for pack/unpack
+*/
+typedef enum KOption {
+  Kint,		/* signed integers */
+  Kuint,	/* unsigned integers */
+  Kfloat,	/* single-precision floating-point numbers */
+  Knumber,	/* Lua "native" floating-point numbers */
+  Kdouble,	/* double-precision floating-point numbers */
+  Kchar,	/* fixed-length strings */
+  Kstring,	/* strings with prefixed length */
+  Kzstr,	/* zero-terminated strings */
+  Kpadding,	/* padding */
+  Kpaddalign,	/* padding for alignment */
+  Knop		/* no-op (configuration or spaces) */
+} KOption;
+
+
+/*
+** Read an integer numeral from string 'fmt' or return 'df' if
+** there is no numeral
+*/
+static int digit (int c) { return '0' <= c && c <= '9'; }
+
+static int getnum (const char **fmt, int df) {
+  if (!digit(**fmt))  /* no number? */
+    return df;  /* return default value */
+  else {
+    int a = 0;
+    do {
+      a = a*10 + (*((*fmt)++) - '0');
+    } while (digit(**fmt) && a <= ((int)MAXSIZE - 9)/10);
+    return a;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read an integer numeral and raises an error if it is larger
+** than the maximum size for integers.
+*/
+static int getnumlimit (Header *h, const char **fmt, int df) {
+  int sz = getnum(fmt, df);
+  if (l_unlikely(sz > MAXINTSIZE || sz <= 0))
+    return luaL_error(h->L, "integral size (%d) out of limits [1,%d]",
+                            sz, MAXINTSIZE);
+  return sz;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Initialize Header
+*/
+static void initheader (lua_State *L, Header *h) {
+  h->L = L;
+  h->islittle = nativeendian.little;
+  h->maxalign = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read and classify next option. 'size' is filled with option's size.
+*/
+static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, int *size) {
+  /* dummy structure to get native alignment requirements */
+  struct cD { char c; union { LUAI_MAXALIGN; } u; };
+  int opt = *((*fmt)++);
+  *size = 0;  /* default */
+  switch (opt) {
+    case 'b': *size = sizeof(char); return Kint;
+    case 'B': *size = sizeof(char); return Kuint;
+    case 'h': *size = sizeof(short); return Kint;
+    case 'H': *size = sizeof(short); return Kuint;
+    case 'l': *size = sizeof(long); return Kint;
+    case 'L': *size = sizeof(long); return Kuint;
+    case 'j': *size = sizeof(lua_Integer); return Kint;
+    case 'J': *size = sizeof(lua_Integer); return Kuint;
+    case 'T': *size = sizeof(size_t); return Kuint;
+    case 'f': *size = sizeof(float); return Kfloat;
+    case 'n': *size = sizeof(lua_Number); return Knumber;
+    case 'd': *size = sizeof(double); return Kdouble;
+    case 'i': *size = getnumlimit(h, fmt, sizeof(int)); return Kint;
+    case 'I': *size = getnumlimit(h, fmt, sizeof(int)); return Kuint;
+    case 's': *size = getnumlimit(h, fmt, sizeof(size_t)); return Kstring;
+    case 'c':
+      *size = getnum(fmt, -1);
+      if (l_unlikely(*size == -1))
+        luaL_error(h->L, "missing size for format option 'c'");
+      return Kchar;
+    case 'z': return Kzstr;
+    case 'x': *size = 1; return Kpadding;
+    case 'X': return Kpaddalign;
+    case ' ': break;
+    case '<': h->islittle = 1; break;
+    case '>': h->islittle = 0; break;
+    case '=': h->islittle = nativeendian.little; break;
+    case '!': {
+      const int maxalign = offsetof(struct cD, u);
+      h->maxalign = getnumlimit(h, fmt, maxalign);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: luaL_error(h->L, "invalid format option '%c'", opt);
+  }
+  return Knop;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read, classify, and fill other details about the next option.
+** 'psize' is filled with option's size, 'notoalign' with its
+** alignment requirements.
+** Local variable 'size' gets the size to be aligned. (Kpadal option
+** always gets its full alignment, other options are limited by
+** the maximum alignment ('maxalign'). Kchar option needs no alignment
+** despite its size.
+*/
+static KOption getdetails (Header *h, size_t totalsize,
+                           const char **fmt, int *psize, int *ntoalign) {
+  KOption opt = getoption(h, fmt, psize);
+  int align = *psize;  /* usually, alignment follows size */
+  if (opt == Kpaddalign) {  /* 'X' gets alignment from following option */
+    if (**fmt == '\0' || getoption(h, fmt, &align) == Kchar || align == 0)
+      luaL_argerror(h->L, 1, "invalid next option for option 'X'");
+  }
+  if (align <= 1 || opt == Kchar)  /* need no alignment? */
+    *ntoalign = 0;
+  else {
+    if (align > h->maxalign)  /* enforce maximum alignment */
+      align = h->maxalign;
+    if (l_unlikely((align & (align - 1)) != 0))  /* not a power of 2? */
+      luaL_argerror(h->L, 1, "format asks for alignment not power of 2");
+    *ntoalign = (align - (int)(totalsize & (align - 1))) & (align - 1);
+  }
+  return opt;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Pack integer 'n' with 'size' bytes and 'islittle' endianness.
+** The final 'if' handles the case when 'size' is larger than
+** the size of a Lua integer, correcting the extra sign-extension
+** bytes if necessary (by default they would be zeros).
+*/
+static void packint (luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Unsigned n,
+                     int islittle, int size, int neg) {
+  char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(b, size);
+  int i;
+  buff[islittle ? 0 : size - 1] = (char)(n & MC);  /* first byte */
+  for (i = 1; i < size; i++) {
+    n >>= NB;
+    buff[islittle ? i : size - 1 - i] = (char)(n & MC);
+  }
+  if (neg && size > SZINT) {  /* negative number need sign extension? */
+    for (i = SZINT; i < size; i++)  /* correct extra bytes */
+      buff[islittle ? i : size - 1 - i] = (char)MC;
+  }
+  luaL_addsize(b, size);  /* add result to buffer */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Copy 'size' bytes from 'src' to 'dest', correcting endianness if
+** given 'islittle' is different from native endianness.
+*/
+static void copywithendian (char *dest, const char *src,
+                            int size, int islittle) {
+  if (islittle == nativeendian.little)
+    memcpy(dest, src, size);
+  else {
+    dest += size - 1;
+    while (size-- != 0)
+      *(dest--) = *(src++);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int str_pack (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  Header h;
+  const char *fmt = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);  /* format string */
+  int arg = 1;  /* current argument to pack */
+  size_t totalsize = 0;  /* accumulate total size of result */
+  initheader(L, &h);
+  lua_pushnil(L);  /* mark to separate arguments from string buffer */
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  while (*fmt != '\0') {
+    int size, ntoalign;
+    KOption opt = getdetails(&h, totalsize, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
+    totalsize += ntoalign + size;
+    while (ntoalign-- > 0)
+     luaL_addchar(&b, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE);  /* fill alignment */
+    arg++;
+    switch (opt) {
+      case Kint: {  /* signed integers */
+        lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+        if (size < SZINT) {  /* need overflow check? */
+          lua_Integer lim = (lua_Integer)1 << ((size * NB) - 1);
+          luaL_argcheck(L, -lim <= n && n < lim, arg, "integer overflow");
+        }
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)n, h.islittle, size, (n < 0));
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kuint: {  /* unsigned integers */
+        lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+        if (size < SZINT)  /* need overflow check? */
+          luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)n < ((lua_Unsigned)1 << (size * NB)),
+                           arg, "unsigned overflow");
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)n, h.islittle, size, 0);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kfloat: {  /* C float */
+        float f = (float)luaL_checknumber(L, arg);  /* get argument */
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, sizeof(f));
+        /* move 'f' to final result, correcting endianness if needed */
+        copywithendian(buff, (char *)&f, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, size);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Knumber: {  /* Lua float */
+        lua_Number f = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);  /* get argument */
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, sizeof(f));
+        /* move 'f' to final result, correcting endianness if needed */
+        copywithendian(buff, (char *)&f, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, size);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kdouble: {  /* C double */
+        double f = (double)luaL_checknumber(L, arg);  /* get argument */
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, sizeof(f));
+        /* move 'f' to final result, correcting endianness if needed */
+        copywithendian(buff, (char *)&f, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, size);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kchar: {  /* fixed-size string */
+        size_t len;
+        const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, len <= (size_t)size, arg,
+                         "string longer than given size");
+        luaL_addlstring(&b, s, len);  /* add string */
+        while (len++ < (size_t)size)  /* pad extra space */
+          luaL_addchar(&b, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kstring: {  /* strings with length count */
+        size_t len;
+        const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, size >= (int)sizeof(size_t) ||
+                         len < ((size_t)1 << (size * NB)),
+                         arg, "string length does not fit in given size");
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)len, h.islittle, size, 0);  /* pack length */
+        luaL_addlstring(&b, s, len);
+        totalsize += len;
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kzstr: {  /* zero-terminated string */
+        size_t len;
+        const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, strlen(s) == len, arg, "string contains zeros");
+        luaL_addlstring(&b, s, len);
+        luaL_addchar(&b, '\0');  /* add zero at the end */
+        totalsize += len + 1;
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kpadding: luaL_addchar(&b, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE);  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case Kpaddalign: case Knop:
+        arg--;  /* undo increment */
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_packsize (lua_State *L) {
+  Header h;
+  const char *fmt = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);  /* format string */
+  size_t totalsize = 0;  /* accumulate total size of result */
+  initheader(L, &h);
+  while (*fmt != '\0') {
+    int size, ntoalign;
+    KOption opt = getdetails(&h, totalsize, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, opt != Kstring && opt != Kzstr, 1,
+                     "variable-length format");
+    size += ntoalign;  /* total space used by option */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, totalsize <= MAXSIZE - size, 1,
+                     "format result too large");
+    totalsize += size;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)totalsize);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Unpack an integer with 'size' bytes and 'islittle' endianness.
+** If size is smaller than the size of a Lua integer and integer
+** is signed, must do sign extension (propagating the sign to the
+** higher bits); if size is larger than the size of a Lua integer,
+** it must check the unread bytes to see whether they do not cause an
+** overflow.
+*/
+static lua_Integer unpackint (lua_State *L, const char *str,
+                              int islittle, int size, int issigned) {
+  lua_Unsigned res = 0;
+  int i;
+  int limit = (size  <= SZINT) ? size : SZINT;
+  for (i = limit - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    res <<= NB;
+    res |= (lua_Unsigned)(unsigned char)str[islittle ? i : size - 1 - i];
+  }
+  if (size < SZINT) {  /* real size smaller than lua_Integer? */
+    if (issigned) {  /* needs sign extension? */
+      lua_Unsigned mask = (lua_Unsigned)1 << (size*NB - 1);
+      res = ((res ^ mask) - mask);  /* do sign extension */
+    }
+  }
+  else if (size > SZINT) {  /* must check unread bytes */
+    int mask = (!issigned || (lua_Integer)res >= 0) ? 0 : MC;
+    for (i = limit; i < size; i++) {
+      if (l_unlikely((unsigned char)str[islittle ? i : size - 1 - i] != mask))
+        luaL_error(L, "%d-byte integer does not fit into Lua Integer", size);
+    }
+  }
+  return (lua_Integer)res;
+}
+
+
+static int str_unpack (lua_State *L) {
+  Header h;
+  const char *fmt = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  size_t ld;
+  const char *data = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &ld);
+  size_t pos = posrelatI(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), ld) - 1;
+  int n = 0;  /* number of results */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, pos <= ld, 3, "initial position out of string");
+  initheader(L, &h);
+  while (*fmt != '\0') {
+    int size, ntoalign;
+    KOption opt = getdetails(&h, pos, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, (size_t)ntoalign + size <= ld - pos, 2,
+                    "data string too short");
+    pos += ntoalign;  /* skip alignment */
+    /* stack space for item + next position */
+    luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many results");
+    n++;
+    switch (opt) {
+      case Kint:
+      case Kuint: {
+        lua_Integer res = unpackint(L, data + pos, h.islittle, size,
+                                       (opt == Kint));
+        lua_pushinteger(L, res);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kfloat: {
+        float f;
+        copywithendian((char *)&f, data + pos, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)f);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Knumber: {
+        lua_Number f;
+        copywithendian((char *)&f, data + pos, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        lua_pushnumber(L, f);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kdouble: {
+        double f;
+        copywithendian((char *)&f, data + pos, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)f);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kchar: {
+        lua_pushlstring(L, data + pos, size);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kstring: {
+        size_t len = (size_t)unpackint(L, data + pos, h.islittle, size, 0);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, len <= ld - pos - size, 2, "data string too short");
+        lua_pushlstring(L, data + pos + size, len);
+        pos += len;  /* skip string */
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kzstr: {
+        size_t len = strlen(data + pos);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, pos + len < ld, 2,
+                         "unfinished string for format 'z'");
+        lua_pushlstring(L, data + pos, len);
+        pos += len + 1;  /* skip string plus final '\0' */
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kpaddalign: case Kpadding: case Knop:
+        n--;  /* undo increment */
+        break;
+    }
+    pos += size;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, pos + 1);  /* next position */
+  return n + 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg strlib[] = {
+  {"byte", str_byte},
+  {"char", str_char},
+  {"dump", str_dump},
+  {"find", str_find},
+  {"format", str_format},
+  {"gmatch", gmatch},
+  {"gsub", str_gsub},
+  {"len", str_len},
+  {"lower", str_lower},
+  {"match", str_match},
+  {"rep", str_rep},
+  {"reverse", str_reverse},
+  {"sub", str_sub},
+  {"upper", str_upper},
+  {"pack", str_pack},
+  {"packsize", str_packsize},
+  {"unpack", str_unpack},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  /* table to be metatable for strings */
+  luaL_newlibtable(L, stringmetamethods);
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, stringmetamethods, 0);
+  lua_pushliteral(L, "");  /* dummy string */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* copy table */
+  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);  /* set table as metatable for strings */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop dummy string */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* get string library */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");  /* metatable.__index = string */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop metatable */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Open string library
+*/
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_string (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, strlib);
+  createmetatable(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltable.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltable.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c690c5f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltable.c
@@ -0,0 +1,980 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.c $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ltable_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of tables (aka arrays, objects, or hash tables).
+** Tables keep its elements in two parts: an array part and a hash part.
+** Non-negative integer keys are all candidates to be kept in the array
+** part. The actual size of the array is the largest 'n' such that
+** more than half the slots between 1 and n are in use.
+** Hash uses a mix of chained scatter table with Brent's variation.
+** A main invariant of these tables is that, if an element is not
+** in its main position (i.e. the 'original' position that its hash gives
+** to it), then the colliding element is in its own main position.
+** Hence even when the load factor reaches 100%, performance remains good.
+*/
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** MAXABITS is the largest integer such that MAXASIZE fits in an
+** unsigned int.
+*/
+#define MAXABITS	cast_int(sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** MAXASIZE is the maximum size of the array part. It is the minimum
+** between 2^MAXABITS and the maximum size that, measured in bytes,
+** fits in a 'size_t'.
+*/
+#define MAXASIZE	luaM_limitN(1u << MAXABITS, TValue)
+
+/*
+** MAXHBITS is the largest integer such that 2^MAXHBITS fits in a
+** signed int.
+*/
+#define MAXHBITS	(MAXABITS - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** MAXHSIZE is the maximum size of the hash part. It is the minimum
+** between 2^MAXHBITS and the maximum size such that, measured in bytes,
+** it fits in a 'size_t'.
+*/
+#define MAXHSIZE	luaM_limitN(1u << MAXHBITS, Node)
+
+
+/*
+** When the original hash value is good, hashing by a power of 2
+** avoids the cost of '%'.
+*/
+#define hashpow2(t,n)		(gnode(t, lmod((n), sizenode(t))))
+
+/*
+** for other types, it is better to avoid modulo by power of 2, as
+** they can have many 2 factors.
+*/
+#define hashmod(t,n)	(gnode(t, ((n) % ((sizenode(t)-1)|1))))
+
+
+#define hashstr(t,str)		hashpow2(t, (str)->hash)
+#define hashboolean(t,p)	hashpow2(t, p)
+
+
+#define hashpointer(t,p)	hashmod(t, point2uint(p))
+
+
+#define dummynode		(&dummynode_)
+
+static const Node dummynode_ = {
+  {{NULL}, LUA_VEMPTY,  /* value's value and type */
+   LUA_VNIL, 0, {NULL}}  /* key type, next, and key value */
+};
+
+
+static const TValue absentkey = {ABSTKEYCONSTANT};
+
+
+/*
+** Hash for integers. To allow a good hash, use the remainder operator
+** ('%'). If integer fits as a non-negative int, compute an int
+** remainder, which is faster. Otherwise, use an unsigned-integer
+** remainder, which uses all bits and ensures a non-negative result.
+*/
+static Node *hashint (const Table *t, lua_Integer i) {
+  lua_Unsigned ui = l_castS2U(i);
+  if (ui <= cast_uint(INT_MAX))
+    return hashmod(t, cast_int(ui));
+  else
+    return hashmod(t, ui);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Hash for floating-point numbers.
+** The main computation should be just
+**     n = frexp(n, &i); return (n * INT_MAX) + i
+** but there are some numerical subtleties.
+** In a two-complement representation, INT_MAX does not has an exact
+** representation as a float, but INT_MIN does; because the absolute
+** value of 'frexp' is smaller than 1 (unless 'n' is inf/NaN), the
+** absolute value of the product 'frexp * -INT_MIN' is smaller or equal
+** to INT_MAX. Next, the use of 'unsigned int' avoids overflows when
+** adding 'i'; the use of '~u' (instead of '-u') avoids problems with
+** INT_MIN.
+*/
+#if !defined(l_hashfloat)
+static int l_hashfloat (lua_Number n) {
+  int i;
+  lua_Integer ni;
+  n = l_mathop(frexp)(n, &i) * -cast_num(INT_MIN);
+  if (!lua_numbertointeger(n, &ni)) {  /* is 'n' inf/-inf/NaN? */
+    lua_assert(luai_numisnan(n) || l_mathop(fabs)(n) == cast_num(HUGE_VAL));
+    return 0;
+  }
+  else {  /* normal case */
+    unsigned int u = cast_uint(i) + cast_uint(ni);
+    return cast_int(u <= cast_uint(INT_MAX) ? u : ~u);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** returns the 'main' position of an element in a table (that is,
+** the index of its hash value).
+*/
+static Node *mainpositionTV (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+  switch (ttypetag(key)) {
+    case LUA_VNUMINT: {
+      lua_Integer i = ivalue(key);
+      return hashint(t, i);
+    }
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT: {
+      lua_Number n = fltvalue(key);
+      return hashmod(t, l_hashfloat(n));
+    }
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: {
+      TString *ts = tsvalue(key);
+      return hashstr(t, ts);
+    }
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+      TString *ts = tsvalue(key);
+      return hashpow2(t, luaS_hashlongstr(ts));
+    }
+    case LUA_VFALSE:
+      return hashboolean(t, 0);
+    case LUA_VTRUE:
+      return hashboolean(t, 1);
+    case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA: {
+      void *p = pvalue(key);
+      return hashpointer(t, p);
+    }
+    case LUA_VLCF: {
+      lua_CFunction f = fvalue(key);
+      return hashpointer(t, f);
+    }
+    default: {
+      GCObject *o = gcvalue(key);
+      return hashpointer(t, o);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+l_sinline Node *mainpositionfromnode (const Table *t, Node *nd) {
+  TValue key;
+  getnodekey(cast(lua_State *, NULL), &key, nd);
+  return mainpositionTV(t, &key);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether key 'k1' is equal to the key in node 'n2'. This
+** equality is raw, so there are no metamethods. Floats with integer
+** values have been normalized, so integers cannot be equal to
+** floats. It is assumed that 'eqshrstr' is simply pointer equality, so
+** that short strings are handled in the default case.
+** A true 'deadok' means to accept dead keys as equal to their original
+** values. All dead keys are compared in the default case, by pointer
+** identity. (Only collectable objects can produce dead keys.) Note that
+** dead long strings are also compared by identity.
+** Once a key is dead, its corresponding value may be collected, and
+** then another value can be created with the same address. If this
+** other value is given to 'next', 'equalkey' will signal a false
+** positive. In a regular traversal, this situation should never happen,
+** as all keys given to 'next' came from the table itself, and therefore
+** could not have been collected. Outside a regular traversal, we
+** have garbage in, garbage out. What is relevant is that this false
+** positive does not break anything.  (In particular, 'next' will return
+** some other valid item on the table or nil.)
+*/
+static int equalkey (const TValue *k1, const Node *n2, int deadok) {
+  if ((rawtt(k1) != keytt(n2)) &&  /* not the same variants? */
+       !(deadok && keyisdead(n2) && iscollectable(k1)))
+   return 0;  /* cannot be same key */
+  switch (keytt(n2)) {
+    case LUA_VNIL: case LUA_VFALSE: case LUA_VTRUE:
+      return 1;
+    case LUA_VNUMINT:
+      return (ivalue(k1) == keyival(n2));
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+      return luai_numeq(fltvalue(k1), fltvalueraw(keyval(n2)));
+    case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA:
+      return pvalue(k1) == pvalueraw(keyval(n2));
+    case LUA_VLCF:
+      return fvalue(k1) == fvalueraw(keyval(n2));
+    case ctb(LUA_VLNGSTR):
+      return luaS_eqlngstr(tsvalue(k1), keystrval(n2));
+    default:
+      return gcvalue(k1) == gcvalueraw(keyval(n2));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** True if value of 'alimit' is equal to the real size of the array
+** part of table 't'. (Otherwise, the array part must be larger than
+** 'alimit'.)
+*/
+#define limitequalsasize(t)	(isrealasize(t) || ispow2((t)->alimit))
+
+
+/*
+** Returns the real size of the 'array' array
+*/
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaH_realasize (const Table *t) {
+  if (limitequalsasize(t))
+    return t->alimit;  /* this is the size */
+  else {
+    unsigned int size = t->alimit;
+    /* compute the smallest power of 2 not smaller than 'n' */
+    size |= (size >> 1);
+    size |= (size >> 2);
+    size |= (size >> 4);
+    size |= (size >> 8);
+#if (UINT_MAX >> 14) > 3  /* unsigned int has more than 16 bits */
+    size |= (size >> 16);
+#if (UINT_MAX >> 30) > 3
+    size |= (size >> 32);  /* unsigned int has more than 32 bits */
+#endif
+#endif
+    size++;
+    lua_assert(ispow2(size) && size/2 < t->alimit && t->alimit < size);
+    return size;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether real size of the array is a power of 2.
+** (If it is not, 'alimit' cannot be changed to any other value
+** without changing the real size.)
+*/
+static int ispow2realasize (const Table *t) {
+  return (!isrealasize(t) || ispow2(t->alimit));
+}
+
+
+static unsigned int setlimittosize (Table *t) {
+  t->alimit = luaH_realasize(t);
+  setrealasize(t);
+  return t->alimit;
+}
+
+
+#define limitasasize(t)	check_exp(isrealasize(t), t->alimit)
+
+
+
+/*
+** "Generic" get version. (Not that generic: not valid for integers,
+** which may be in array part, nor for floats with integral values.)
+** See explanation about 'deadok' in function 'equalkey'.
+*/
+static const TValue *getgeneric (Table *t, const TValue *key, int deadok) {
+  Node *n = mainpositionTV(t, key);
+  for (;;) {  /* check whether 'key' is somewhere in the chain */
+    if (equalkey(key, n, deadok))
+      return gval(n);  /* that's it */
+    else {
+      int nx = gnext(n);
+      if (nx == 0)
+        return &absentkey;  /* not found */
+      n += nx;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index for 'k' if 'k' is an appropriate key to live in
+** the array part of a table, 0 otherwise.
+*/
+static unsigned int arrayindex (lua_Integer k) {
+  if (l_castS2U(k) - 1u < MAXASIZE)  /* 'k' in [1, MAXASIZE]? */
+    return cast_uint(k);  /* 'key' is an appropriate array index */
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index of a 'key' for table traversals. First goes all
+** elements in the array part, then elements in the hash part. The
+** beginning of a traversal is signaled by 0.
+*/
+static unsigned int findindex (lua_State *L, Table *t, TValue *key,
+                               unsigned int asize) {
+  unsigned int i;
+  if (ttisnil(key)) return 0;  /* first iteration */
+  i = ttisinteger(key) ? arrayindex(ivalue(key)) : 0;
+  if (i - 1u < asize)  /* is 'key' inside array part? */
+    return i;  /* yes; that's the index */
+  else {
+    const TValue *n = getgeneric(t, key, 1);
+    if (l_unlikely(isabstkey(n)))
+      luaG_runerror(L, "invalid key to 'next'");  /* key not found */
+    i = cast_int(nodefromval(n) - gnode(t, 0));  /* key index in hash table */
+    /* hash elements are numbered after array ones */
+    return (i + 1) + asize;
+  }
+}
+
+
+int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
+  unsigned int asize = luaH_realasize(t);
+  unsigned int i = findindex(L, t, s2v(key), asize);  /* find original key */
+  for (; i < asize; i++) {  /* try first array part */
+    if (!isempty(&t->array[i])) {  /* a non-empty entry? */
+      setivalue(s2v(key), i + 1);
+      setobj2s(L, key + 1, &t->array[i]);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i -= asize; cast_int(i) < sizenode(t); i++) {  /* hash part */
+    if (!isempty(gval(gnode(t, i)))) {  /* a non-empty entry? */
+      Node *n = gnode(t, i);
+      getnodekey(L, s2v(key), n);
+      setobj2s(L, key + 1, gval(n));
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;  /* no more elements */
+}
+
+
+static void freehash (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
+  if (!isdummy(t))
+    luaM_freearray(L, t->node, cast_sizet(sizenode(t)));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {=============================================================
+** Rehash
+** ==============================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Compute the optimal size for the array part of table 't'. 'nums' is a
+** "count array" where 'nums[i]' is the number of integers in the table
+** between 2^(i - 1) + 1 and 2^i. 'pna' enters with the total number of
+** integer keys in the table and leaves with the number of keys that
+** will go to the array part; return the optimal size.  (The condition
+** 'twotoi > 0' in the for loop stops the loop if 'twotoi' overflows.)
+*/
+static unsigned int computesizes (unsigned int nums[], unsigned int *pna) {
+  int i;
+  unsigned int twotoi;  /* 2^i (candidate for optimal size) */
+  unsigned int a = 0;  /* number of elements smaller than 2^i */
+  unsigned int na = 0;  /* number of elements to go to array part */
+  unsigned int optimal = 0;  /* optimal size for array part */
+  /* loop while keys can fill more than half of total size */
+  for (i = 0, twotoi = 1;
+       twotoi > 0 && *pna > twotoi / 2;
+       i++, twotoi *= 2) {
+    a += nums[i];
+    if (a > twotoi/2) {  /* more than half elements present? */
+      optimal = twotoi;  /* optimal size (till now) */
+      na = a;  /* all elements up to 'optimal' will go to array part */
+    }
+  }
+  lua_assert((optimal == 0 || optimal / 2 < na) && na <= optimal);
+  *pna = na;
+  return optimal;
+}
+
+
+static int countint (lua_Integer key, unsigned int *nums) {
+  unsigned int k = arrayindex(key);
+  if (k != 0) {  /* is 'key' an appropriate array index? */
+    nums[luaO_ceillog2(k)]++;  /* count as such */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Count keys in array part of table 't': Fill 'nums[i]' with
+** number of keys that will go into corresponding slice and return
+** total number of non-nil keys.
+*/
+static unsigned int numusearray (const Table *t, unsigned int *nums) {
+  int lg;
+  unsigned int ttlg;  /* 2^lg */
+  unsigned int ause = 0;  /* summation of 'nums' */
+  unsigned int i = 1;  /* count to traverse all array keys */
+  unsigned int asize = limitasasize(t);  /* real array size */
+  /* traverse each slice */
+  for (lg = 0, ttlg = 1; lg <= MAXABITS; lg++, ttlg *= 2) {
+    unsigned int lc = 0;  /* counter */
+    unsigned int lim = ttlg;
+    if (lim > asize) {
+      lim = asize;  /* adjust upper limit */
+      if (i > lim)
+        break;  /* no more elements to count */
+    }
+    /* count elements in range (2^(lg - 1), 2^lg] */
+    for (; i <= lim; i++) {
+      if (!isempty(&t->array[i-1]))
+        lc++;
+    }
+    nums[lg] += lc;
+    ause += lc;
+  }
+  return ause;
+}
+
+
+static int numusehash (const Table *t, unsigned int *nums, unsigned int *pna) {
+  int totaluse = 0;  /* total number of elements */
+  int ause = 0;  /* elements added to 'nums' (can go to array part) */
+  int i = sizenode(t);
+  while (i--) {
+    Node *n = &t->node[i];
+    if (!isempty(gval(n))) {
+      if (keyisinteger(n))
+        ause += countint(keyival(n), nums);
+      totaluse++;
+    }
+  }
+  *pna += ause;
+  return totaluse;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates an array for the hash part of a table with the given
+** size, or reuses the dummy node if size is zero.
+** The computation for size overflow is in two steps: the first
+** comparison ensures that the shift in the second one does not
+** overflow.
+*/
+static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int size) {
+  if (size == 0) {  /* no elements to hash part? */
+    t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode);  /* use common 'dummynode' */
+    t->lsizenode = 0;
+    t->lastfree = NULL;  /* signal that it is using dummy node */
+  }
+  else {
+    int i;
+    int lsize = luaO_ceillog2(size);
+    if (lsize > MAXHBITS || (1u << lsize) > MAXHSIZE)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "table overflow");
+    size = twoto(lsize);
+    t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node);
+    for (i = 0; i < cast_int(size); i++) {
+      Node *n = gnode(t, i);
+      gnext(n) = 0;
+      setnilkey(n);
+      setempty(gval(n));
+    }
+    t->lsizenode = cast_byte(lsize);
+    t->lastfree = gnode(t, size);  /* all positions are free */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** (Re)insert all elements from the hash part of 'ot' into table 't'.
+*/
+static void reinsert (lua_State *L, Table *ot, Table *t) {
+  int j;
+  int size = sizenode(ot);
+  for (j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+    Node *old = gnode(ot, j);
+    if (!isempty(gval(old))) {
+      /* doesn't need barrier/invalidate cache, as entry was
+         already present in the table */
+      TValue k;
+      getnodekey(L, &k, old);
+      luaH_set(L, t, &k, gval(old));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Exchange the hash part of 't1' and 't2'.
+*/
+static void exchangehashpart (Table *t1, Table *t2) {
+  lu_byte lsizenode = t1->lsizenode;
+  Node *node = t1->node;
+  Node *lastfree = t1->lastfree;
+  t1->lsizenode = t2->lsizenode;
+  t1->node = t2->node;
+  t1->lastfree = t2->lastfree;
+  t2->lsizenode = lsizenode;
+  t2->node = node;
+  t2->lastfree = lastfree;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Resize table 't' for the new given sizes. Both allocations (for
+** the hash part and for the array part) can fail, which creates some
+** subtleties. If the first allocation, for the hash part, fails, an
+** error is raised and that is it. Otherwise, it copies the elements from
+** the shrinking part of the array (if it is shrinking) into the new
+** hash. Then it reallocates the array part.  If that fails, the table
+** is in its original state; the function frees the new hash part and then
+** raises the allocation error. Otherwise, it sets the new hash part
+** into the table, initializes the new part of the array (if any) with
+** nils and reinserts the elements of the old hash back into the new
+** parts of the table.
+*/
+void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int newasize,
+                                          unsigned int nhsize) {
+  unsigned int i;
+  Table newt;  /* to keep the new hash part */
+  unsigned int oldasize = setlimittosize(t);
+  TValue *newarray;
+  /* create new hash part with appropriate size into 'newt' */
+  setnodevector(L, &newt, nhsize);
+  if (newasize < oldasize) {  /* will array shrink? */
+    t->alimit = newasize;  /* pretend array has new size... */
+    exchangehashpart(t, &newt);  /* and new hash */
+    /* re-insert into the new hash the elements from vanishing slice */
+    for (i = newasize; i < oldasize; i++) {
+      if (!isempty(&t->array[i]))
+        luaH_setint(L, t, i + 1, &t->array[i]);
+    }
+    t->alimit = oldasize;  /* restore current size... */
+    exchangehashpart(t, &newt);  /* and hash (in case of errors) */
+  }
+  /* allocate new array */
+  newarray = luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, oldasize, newasize, TValue);
+  if (l_unlikely(newarray == NULL && newasize > 0)) {  /* allocation failed? */
+    freehash(L, &newt);  /* release new hash part */
+    luaM_error(L);  /* raise error (with array unchanged) */
+  }
+  /* allocation ok; initialize new part of the array */
+  exchangehashpart(t, &newt);  /* 't' has the new hash ('newt' has the old) */
+  t->array = newarray;  /* set new array part */
+  t->alimit = newasize;
+  for (i = oldasize; i < newasize; i++)  /* clear new slice of the array */
+     setempty(&t->array[i]);
+  /* re-insert elements from old hash part into new parts */
+  reinsert(L, &newt, t);  /* 'newt' now has the old hash */
+  freehash(L, &newt);  /* free old hash part */
+}
+
+
+void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int nasize) {
+  int nsize = allocsizenode(t);
+  luaH_resize(L, t, nasize, nsize);
+}
+
+/*
+** nums[i] = number of keys 'k' where 2^(i - 1) < k <= 2^i
+*/
+static void rehash (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *ek) {
+  unsigned int asize;  /* optimal size for array part */
+  unsigned int na;  /* number of keys in the array part */
+  unsigned int nums[MAXABITS + 1];
+  int i;
+  int totaluse;
+  for (i = 0; i <= MAXABITS; i++) nums[i] = 0;  /* reset counts */
+  setlimittosize(t);
+  na = numusearray(t, nums);  /* count keys in array part */
+  totaluse = na;  /* all those keys are integer keys */
+  totaluse += numusehash(t, nums, &na);  /* count keys in hash part */
+  /* count extra key */
+  if (ttisinteger(ek))
+    na += countint(ivalue(ek), nums);
+  totaluse++;
+  /* compute new size for array part */
+  asize = computesizes(nums, &na);
+  /* resize the table to new computed sizes */
+  luaH_resize(L, t, asize, totaluse - na);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** }=============================================================
+*/
+
+
+Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VTABLE, sizeof(Table));
+  Table *t = gco2t(o);
+  t->metatable = NULL;
+  t->flags = cast_byte(maskflags);  /* table has no metamethod fields */
+  t->array = NULL;
+  t->alimit = 0;
+  setnodevector(L, t, 0);
+  return t;
+}
+
+
+void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
+  freehash(L, t);
+  luaM_freearray(L, t->array, luaH_realasize(t));
+  luaM_free(L, t);
+}
+
+
+static Node *getfreepos (Table *t) {
+  if (!isdummy(t)) {
+    while (t->lastfree > t->node) {
+      t->lastfree--;
+      if (keyisnil(t->lastfree))
+        return t->lastfree;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* could not find a free place */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** inserts a new key into a hash table; first, check whether key's main
+** position is free. If not, check whether colliding node is in its main
+** position or not: if it is not, move colliding node to an empty place and
+** put new key in its main position; otherwise (colliding node is in its main
+** position), new key goes to an empty position.
+*/
+void luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *value) {
+  Node *mp;
+  TValue aux;
+  if (l_unlikely(ttisnil(key)))
+    luaG_runerror(L, "table index is nil");
+  else if (ttisfloat(key)) {
+    lua_Number f = fltvalue(key);
+    lua_Integer k;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &k, F2Ieq)) {  /* does key fit in an integer? */
+      setivalue(&aux, k);
+      key = &aux;  /* insert it as an integer */
+    }
+    else if (l_unlikely(luai_numisnan(f)))
+      luaG_runerror(L, "table index is NaN");
+  }
+  if (ttisnil(value))
+    return;  /* do not insert nil values */
+  mp = mainpositionTV(t, key);
+  if (!isempty(gval(mp)) || isdummy(t)) {  /* main position is taken? */
+    Node *othern;
+    Node *f = getfreepos(t);  /* get a free place */
+    if (f == NULL) {  /* cannot find a free place? */
+      rehash(L, t, key);  /* grow table */
+      /* whatever called 'newkey' takes care of TM cache */
+      luaH_set(L, t, key, value);  /* insert key into grown table */
+      return;
+    }
+    lua_assert(!isdummy(t));
+    othern = mainpositionfromnode(t, mp);
+    if (othern != mp) {  /* is colliding node out of its main position? */
+      /* yes; move colliding node into free position */
+      while (othern + gnext(othern) != mp)  /* find previous */
+        othern += gnext(othern);
+      gnext(othern) = cast_int(f - othern);  /* rechain to point to 'f' */
+      *f = *mp;  /* copy colliding node into free pos. (mp->next also goes) */
+      if (gnext(mp) != 0) {
+        gnext(f) += cast_int(mp - f);  /* correct 'next' */
+        gnext(mp) = 0;  /* now 'mp' is free */
+      }
+      setempty(gval(mp));
+    }
+    else {  /* colliding node is in its own main position */
+      /* new node will go into free position */
+      if (gnext(mp) != 0)
+        gnext(f) = cast_int((mp + gnext(mp)) - f);  /* chain new position */
+      else lua_assert(gnext(f) == 0);
+      gnext(mp) = cast_int(f - mp);
+      mp = f;
+    }
+  }
+  setnodekey(L, mp, key);
+  luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), key);
+  lua_assert(isempty(gval(mp)));
+  setobj2t(L, gval(mp), value);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Search function for integers. If integer is inside 'alimit', get it
+** directly from the array part. Otherwise, if 'alimit' is not equal to
+** the real size of the array, key still can be in the array part. In
+** this case, try to avoid a call to 'luaH_realasize' when key is just
+** one more than the limit (so that it can be incremented without
+** changing the real size of the array).
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, lua_Integer key) {
+  if (l_castS2U(key) - 1u < t->alimit)  /* 'key' in [1, t->alimit]? */
+    return &t->array[key - 1];
+  else if (!limitequalsasize(t) &&  /* key still may be in the array part? */
+           (l_castS2U(key) == t->alimit + 1 ||
+            l_castS2U(key) - 1u < luaH_realasize(t))) {
+    t->alimit = cast_uint(key);  /* probably '#t' is here now */
+    return &t->array[key - 1];
+  }
+  else {
+    Node *n = hashint(t, key);
+    for (;;) {  /* check whether 'key' is somewhere in the chain */
+      if (keyisinteger(n) && keyival(n) == key)
+        return gval(n);  /* that's it */
+      else {
+        int nx = gnext(n);
+        if (nx == 0) break;
+        n += nx;
+      }
+    }
+    return &absentkey;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for short strings
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getshortstr (Table *t, TString *key) {
+  Node *n = hashstr(t, key);
+  lua_assert(key->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR);
+  for (;;) {  /* check whether 'key' is somewhere in the chain */
+    if (keyisshrstr(n) && eqshrstr(keystrval(n), key))
+      return gval(n);  /* that's it */
+    else {
+      int nx = gnext(n);
+      if (nx == 0)
+        return &absentkey;  /* not found */
+      n += nx;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key) {
+  if (key->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR)
+    return luaH_getshortstr(t, key);
+  else {  /* for long strings, use generic case */
+    TValue ko;
+    setsvalue(cast(lua_State *, NULL), &ko, key);
+    return getgeneric(t, &ko, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** main search function
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+  switch (ttypetag(key)) {
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: return luaH_getshortstr(t, tsvalue(key));
+    case LUA_VNUMINT: return luaH_getint(t, ivalue(key));
+    case LUA_VNIL: return &absentkey;
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT: {
+      lua_Integer k;
+      if (luaV_flttointeger(fltvalue(key), &k, F2Ieq)) /* integral index? */
+        return luaH_getint(t, k);  /* use specialized version */
+      /* else... */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    default:
+      return getgeneric(t, key, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a raw "set table" operation, where 'slot' is where the value
+** should have been (the result of a previous "get table").
+** Beware: when using this function you probably need to check a GC
+** barrier and invalidate the TM cache.
+*/
+void luaH_finishset (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                   const TValue *slot, TValue *value) {
+  if (isabstkey(slot))
+    luaH_newkey(L, t, key, value);
+  else
+    setobj2t(L, cast(TValue *, slot), value);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** beware: when using this function you probably need to check a GC
+** barrier and invalidate the TM cache.
+*/
+void luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *value) {
+  const TValue *slot = luaH_get(t, key);
+  luaH_finishset(L, t, key, slot, value);
+}
+
+
+void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, lua_Integer key, TValue *value) {
+  const TValue *p = luaH_getint(t, key);
+  if (isabstkey(p)) {
+    TValue k;
+    setivalue(&k, key);
+    luaH_newkey(L, t, &k, value);
+  }
+  else
+    setobj2t(L, cast(TValue *, p), value);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a boundary in the hash part of table 't'. From the
+** caller, we know that 'j' is zero or present and that 'j + 1' is
+** present. We want to find a larger key that is absent from the
+** table, so that we can do a binary search between the two keys to
+** find a boundary. We keep doubling 'j' until we get an absent index.
+** If the doubling would overflow, we try LUA_MAXINTEGER. If it is
+** absent, we are ready for the binary search. ('j', being max integer,
+** is larger or equal to 'i', but it cannot be equal because it is
+** absent while 'i' is present; so 'j > i'.) Otherwise, 'j' is a
+** boundary. ('j + 1' cannot be a present integer key because it is
+** not a valid integer in Lua.)
+*/
+static lua_Unsigned hash_search (Table *t, lua_Unsigned j) {
+  lua_Unsigned i;
+  if (j == 0) j++;  /* the caller ensures 'j + 1' is present */
+  do {
+    i = j;  /* 'i' is a present index */
+    if (j <= l_castS2U(LUA_MAXINTEGER) / 2)
+      j *= 2;
+    else {
+      j = LUA_MAXINTEGER;
+      if (isempty(luaH_getint(t, j)))  /* t[j] not present? */
+        break;  /* 'j' now is an absent index */
+      else  /* weird case */
+        return j;  /* well, max integer is a boundary... */
+    }
+  } while (!isempty(luaH_getint(t, j)));  /* repeat until an absent t[j] */
+  /* i < j  &&  t[i] present  &&  t[j] absent */
+  while (j - i > 1u) {  /* do a binary search between them */
+    lua_Unsigned m = (i + j) / 2;
+    if (isempty(luaH_getint(t, m))) j = m;
+    else i = m;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+static unsigned int binsearch (const TValue *array, unsigned int i,
+                                                    unsigned int j) {
+  while (j - i > 1u) {  /* binary search */
+    unsigned int m = (i + j) / 2;
+    if (isempty(&array[m - 1])) j = m;
+    else i = m;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a boundary in table 't'. (A 'boundary' is an integer index
+** such that t[i] is present and t[i+1] is absent, or 0 if t[1] is absent
+** and 'maxinteger' if t[maxinteger] is present.)
+** (In the next explanation, we use Lua indices, that is, with base 1.
+** The code itself uses base 0 when indexing the array part of the table.)
+** The code starts with 'limit = t->alimit', a position in the array
+** part that may be a boundary.
+**
+** (1) If 't[limit]' is empty, there must be a boundary before it.
+** As a common case (e.g., after 't[#t]=nil'), check whether 'limit-1'
+** is present. If so, it is a boundary. Otherwise, do a binary search
+** between 0 and limit to find a boundary. In both cases, try to
+** use this boundary as the new 'alimit', as a hint for the next call.
+**
+** (2) If 't[limit]' is not empty and the array has more elements
+** after 'limit', try to find a boundary there. Again, try first
+** the special case (which should be quite frequent) where 'limit+1'
+** is empty, so that 'limit' is a boundary. Otherwise, check the
+** last element of the array part. If it is empty, there must be a
+** boundary between the old limit (present) and the last element
+** (absent), which is found with a binary search. (This boundary always
+** can be a new limit.)
+**
+** (3) The last case is when there are no elements in the array part
+** (limit == 0) or its last element (the new limit) is present.
+** In this case, must check the hash part. If there is no hash part
+** or 'limit+1' is absent, 'limit' is a boundary.  Otherwise, call
+** 'hash_search' to find a boundary in the hash part of the table.
+** (In those cases, the boundary is not inside the array part, and
+** therefore cannot be used as a new limit.)
+*/
+lua_Unsigned luaH_getn (Table *t) {
+  unsigned int limit = t->alimit;
+  if (limit > 0 && isempty(&t->array[limit - 1])) {  /* (1)? */
+    /* there must be a boundary before 'limit' */
+    if (limit >= 2 && !isempty(&t->array[limit - 2])) {
+      /* 'limit - 1' is a boundary; can it be a new limit? */
+      if (ispow2realasize(t) && !ispow2(limit - 1)) {
+        t->alimit = limit - 1;
+        setnorealasize(t);  /* now 'alimit' is not the real size */
+      }
+      return limit - 1;
+    }
+    else {  /* must search for a boundary in [0, limit] */
+      unsigned int boundary = binsearch(t->array, 0, limit);
+      /* can this boundary represent the real size of the array? */
+      if (ispow2realasize(t) && boundary > luaH_realasize(t) / 2) {
+        t->alimit = boundary;  /* use it as the new limit */
+        setnorealasize(t);
+      }
+      return boundary;
+    }
+  }
+  /* 'limit' is zero or present in table */
+  if (!limitequalsasize(t)) {  /* (2)? */
+    /* 'limit' > 0 and array has more elements after 'limit' */
+    if (isempty(&t->array[limit]))  /* 'limit + 1' is empty? */
+      return limit;  /* this is the boundary */
+    /* else, try last element in the array */
+    limit = luaH_realasize(t);
+    if (isempty(&t->array[limit - 1])) {  /* empty? */
+      /* there must be a boundary in the array after old limit,
+         and it must be a valid new limit */
+      unsigned int boundary = binsearch(t->array, t->alimit, limit);
+      t->alimit = boundary;
+      return boundary;
+    }
+    /* else, new limit is present in the table; check the hash part */
+  }
+  /* (3) 'limit' is the last element and either is zero or present in table */
+  lua_assert(limit == luaH_realasize(t) &&
+             (limit == 0 || !isempty(&t->array[limit - 1])));
+  if (isdummy(t) || isempty(luaH_getint(t, cast(lua_Integer, limit + 1))))
+    return limit;  /* 'limit + 1' is absent */
+  else  /* 'limit + 1' is also present */
+    return hash_search(t, limit);
+}
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+
+/* export these functions for the test library */
+
+Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+  return mainpositionTV(t, key);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltable.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltable.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75dd9e26e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltable.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.h $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltable_h
+#define ltable_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define gnode(t,i)	(&(t)->node[i])
+#define gval(n)		(&(n)->i_val)
+#define gnext(n)	((n)->u.next)
+
+
+/*
+** Clear all bits of fast-access metamethods, which means that the table
+** may have any of these metamethods. (First access that fails after the
+** clearing will set the bit again.)
+*/
+#define invalidateTMcache(t)	((t)->flags &= ~maskflags)
+
+
+/* true when 't' is using 'dummynode' as its hash part */
+#define isdummy(t)		((t)->lastfree == NULL)
+
+
+/* allocated size for hash nodes */
+#define allocsizenode(t)	(isdummy(t) ? 0 : sizenode(t))
+
+
+/* returns the Node, given the value of a table entry */
+#define nodefromval(v)	cast(Node *, (v))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, lua_Integer key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, lua_Integer key,
+                                                    TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getshortstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                                    TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                                 TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_finishset (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                       const TValue *slot, TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int nasize,
+                                                    unsigned int nhsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Unsigned luaH_getn (Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaH_realasize (const Table *t);
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+LUAI_FUNC Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key);
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltablib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltablib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6bc4d04af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltablib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltablib.c $
+** Library for Table Manipulation
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ltablib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Operations that an object must define to mimic a table
+** (some functions only need some of them)
+*/
+#define TAB_R	1			/* read */
+#define TAB_W	2			/* write */
+#define TAB_L	4			/* length */
+#define TAB_RW	(TAB_R | TAB_W)		/* read/write */
+
+
+#define aux_getn(L,n,w)	(checktab(L, n, (w) | TAB_L), luaL_len(L, n))
+
+
+static int checkfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int n) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, key);
+  return (lua_rawget(L, -n) != LUA_TNIL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check that 'arg' either is a table or can behave like one (that is,
+** has a metatable with the required metamethods)
+*/
+static void checktab (lua_State *L, int arg, int what) {
+  if (lua_type(L, arg) != LUA_TTABLE) {  /* is it not a table? */
+    int n = 1;  /* number of elements to pop */
+    if (lua_getmetatable(L, arg) &&  /* must have metatable */
+        (!(what & TAB_R) || checkfield(L, "__index", ++n)) &&
+        (!(what & TAB_W) || checkfield(L, "__newindex", ++n)) &&
+        (!(what & TAB_L) || checkfield(L, "__len", ++n))) {
+      lua_pop(L, n);  /* pop metatable and tested metamethods */
+    }
+    else
+      luaL_checktype(L, arg, LUA_TTABLE);  /* force an error */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer pos;  /* where to insert new element */
+  lua_Integer e = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  e = luaL_intop(+, e, 1);  /* first empty element */
+  switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+    case 2: {  /* called with only 2 arguments */
+      pos = e;  /* insert new element at the end */
+      break;
+    }
+    case 3: {
+      lua_Integer i;
+      pos = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);  /* 2nd argument is the position */
+      /* check whether 'pos' is in [1, e] */
+      luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)pos - 1u < (lua_Unsigned)e, 2,
+                       "position out of bounds");
+      for (i = e; i > pos; i--) {  /* move up elements */
+        lua_geti(L, 1, i - 1);
+        lua_seti(L, 1, i);  /* t[i] = t[i - 1] */
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to 'insert'");
+    }
+  }
+  lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = v */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tremove (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer size = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  lua_Integer pos = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, size);
+  if (pos != size)  /* validate 'pos' if given */
+    /* check whether 'pos' is in [1, size + 1] */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)pos - 1u <= (lua_Unsigned)size, 2,
+                     "position out of bounds");
+  lua_geti(L, 1, pos);  /* result = t[pos] */
+  for ( ; pos < size; pos++) {
+    lua_geti(L, 1, pos + 1);
+    lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = t[pos + 1] */
+  }
+  lua_pushnil(L);
+  lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* remove entry t[pos] */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Copy elements (1[f], ..., 1[e]) into (tt[t], tt[t+1], ...). Whenever
+** possible, copy in increasing order, which is better for rehashing.
+** "possible" means destination after original range, or smaller
+** than origin, or copying to another table.
+*/
+static int tmove (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer f = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_Integer e = luaL_checkinteger(L, 3);
+  lua_Integer t = luaL_checkinteger(L, 4);
+  int tt = !lua_isnoneornil(L, 5) ? 5 : 1;  /* destination table */
+  checktab(L, 1, TAB_R);
+  checktab(L, tt, TAB_W);
+  if (e >= f) {  /* otherwise, nothing to move */
+    lua_Integer n, i;
+    luaL_argcheck(L, f > 0 || e < LUA_MAXINTEGER + f, 3,
+                  "too many elements to move");
+    n = e - f + 1;  /* number of elements to move */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, t <= LUA_MAXINTEGER - n + 1, 4,
+                  "destination wrap around");
+    if (t > e || t <= f || (tt != 1 && !lua_compare(L, 1, tt, LUA_OPEQ))) {
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        lua_geti(L, 1, f + i);
+        lua_seti(L, tt, t + i);
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        lua_geti(L, 1, f + i);
+        lua_seti(L, tt, t + i);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  lua_pushvalue(L, tt);  /* return destination table */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Integer i) {
+  lua_geti(L, 1, i);
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %I in table for 'concat'",
+                  luaL_typename(L, -1), (LUAI_UACINT)i);
+  luaL_addvalue(b);
+}
+
+
+static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  lua_Integer last = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_R);
+  size_t lsep;
+  const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep);
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1);
+  last = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, last);
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  for (; i < last; i++) {
+    addfield(L, &b, i);
+    luaL_addlstring(&b, sep, lsep);
+  }
+  if (i == last)  /* add last value (if interval was not empty) */
+    addfield(L, &b, i);
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Pack/unpack
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static int tpack (lua_State *L) {
+  int i;
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of elements to pack */
+  lua_createtable(L, n, 1);  /* create result table */
+  lua_insert(L, 1);  /* put it at index 1 */
+  for (i = n; i >= 1; i--)  /* assign elements */
+    lua_seti(L, 1, i);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  lua_setfield(L, 1, "n");  /* t.n = number of elements */
+  return 1;  /* return table */
+}
+
+
+static int tunpack (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Unsigned n;
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  lua_Integer e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, 3, luaL_len(L, 1));
+  if (i > e) return 0;  /* empty range */
+  n = (lua_Unsigned)e - i;  /* number of elements minus 1 (avoid overflows) */
+  if (l_unlikely(n >= (unsigned int)INT_MAX  ||
+                 !lua_checkstack(L, (int)(++n))))
+    return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");
+  for (; i < e; i++) {  /* push arg[i..e - 1] (to avoid overflows) */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, i);
+  }
+  lua_geti(L, 1, e);  /* push last element */
+  return (int)n;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Quicksort
+** (based on 'Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;
+**  Addison-Wesley, 1993.)
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/* type for array indices */
+typedef unsigned int IdxT;
+
+
+/*
+** Produce a "random" 'unsigned int' to randomize pivot choice. This
+** macro is used only when 'sort' detects a big imbalance in the result
+** of a partition. (If you don't want/need this "randomness", ~0 is a
+** good choice.)
+*/
+#if !defined(l_randomizePivot)		/* { */
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+/* size of 'e' measured in number of 'unsigned int's */
+#define sof(e)		(sizeof(e) / sizeof(unsigned int))
+
+/*
+** Use 'time' and 'clock' as sources of "randomness". Because we don't
+** know the types 'clock_t' and 'time_t', we cannot cast them to
+** anything without risking overflows. A safe way to use their values
+** is to copy them to an array of a known type and use the array values.
+*/
+static unsigned int l_randomizePivot (void) {
+  clock_t c = clock();
+  time_t t = time(NULL);
+  unsigned int buff[sof(c) + sof(t)];
+  unsigned int i, rnd = 0;
+  memcpy(buff, &c, sof(c) * sizeof(unsigned int));
+  memcpy(buff + sof(c), &t, sof(t) * sizeof(unsigned int));
+  for (i = 0; i < sof(buff); i++)
+    rnd += buff[i];
+  return rnd;
+}
+
+#endif					/* } */
+
+
+/* arrays larger than 'RANLIMIT' may use randomized pivots */
+#define RANLIMIT	100u
+
+
+static void set2 (lua_State *L, IdxT i, IdxT j) {
+  lua_seti(L, 1, i);
+  lua_seti(L, 1, j);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return true iff value at stack index 'a' is less than the value at
+** index 'b' (according to the order of the sort).
+*/
+static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) {
+  if (lua_isnil(L, 2))  /* no function? */
+    return lua_compare(L, a, b, LUA_OPLT);  /* a < b */
+  else {  /* function */
+    int res;
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 2);    /* push function */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, a-1);  /* -1 to compensate function */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, b-2);  /* -2 to compensate function and 'a' */
+    lua_call(L, 2, 1);      /* call function */
+    res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);  /* get result */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);          /* pop result */
+    return res;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does the partition: Pivot P is at the top of the stack.
+** precondition: a[lo] <= P == a[up-1] <= a[up],
+** so it only needs to do the partition from lo + 1 to up - 2.
+** Pos-condition: a[lo .. i - 1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i + 1 .. up]
+** returns 'i'.
+*/
+static IdxT partition (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up) {
+  IdxT i = lo;  /* will be incremented before first use */
+  IdxT j = up - 1;  /* will be decremented before first use */
+  /* loop invariant: a[lo .. i] <= P <= a[j .. up] */
+  for (;;) {
+    /* next loop: repeat ++i while a[i] < P */
+    while ((void)lua_geti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
+      if (l_unlikely(i == up - 1))  /* a[i] < P  but a[up - 1] == P  ?? */
+        luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[i] */
+    }
+    /* after the loop, a[i] >= P and a[lo .. i - 1] < P */
+    /* next loop: repeat --j while P < a[j] */
+    while ((void)lua_geti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
+      if (l_unlikely(j < i))  /* j < i  but  a[j] > P ?? */
+        luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[j] */
+    }
+    /* after the loop, a[j] <= P and a[j + 1 .. up] >= P */
+    if (j < i) {  /* no elements out of place? */
+      /* a[lo .. i - 1] <= P <= a[j + 1 .. i .. up] */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop a[j] */
+      /* swap pivot (a[up - 1]) with a[i] to satisfy pos-condition */
+      set2(L, up - 1, i);
+      return i;
+    }
+    /* otherwise, swap a[i] - a[j] to restore invariant and repeat */
+    set2(L, i, j);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Choose an element in the middle (2nd-3th quarters) of [lo,up]
+** "randomized" by 'rnd'
+*/
+static IdxT choosePivot (IdxT lo, IdxT up, unsigned int rnd) {
+  IdxT r4 = (up - lo) / 4;  /* range/4 */
+  IdxT p = rnd % (r4 * 2) + (lo + r4);
+  lua_assert(lo + r4 <= p && p <= up - r4);
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Quicksort algorithm (recursive function)
+*/
+static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up,
+                                   unsigned int rnd) {
+  while (lo < up) {  /* loop for tail recursion */
+    IdxT p;  /* Pivot index */
+    IdxT n;  /* to be used later */
+    /* sort elements 'lo', 'p', and 'up' */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, lo);
+    lua_geti(L, 1, up);
+    if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[lo]? */
+      set2(L, lo, up);  /* swap a[lo] - a[up] */
+    else
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both values */
+    if (up - lo == 1)  /* only 2 elements? */
+      return;  /* already sorted */
+    if (up - lo < RANLIMIT || rnd == 0)  /* small interval or no randomize? */
+      p = (lo + up)/2;  /* middle element is a good pivot */
+    else  /* for larger intervals, it is worth a random pivot */
+      p = choosePivot(lo, up, rnd);
+    lua_geti(L, 1, p);
+    lua_geti(L, 1, lo);
+    if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1))  /* a[p] < a[lo]? */
+      set2(L, p, lo);  /* swap a[p] - a[lo] */
+    else {
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[lo] */
+      lua_geti(L, 1, up);
+      if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[p]? */
+        set2(L, p, up);  /* swap a[up] - a[p] */
+      else
+        lua_pop(L, 2);
+    }
+    if (up - lo == 2)  /* only 3 elements? */
+      return;  /* already sorted */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, p);  /* get middle element (Pivot) */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* push Pivot */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, up - 1);  /* push a[up - 1] */
+    set2(L, p, up - 1);  /* swap Pivot (a[p]) with a[up - 1] */
+    p = partition(L, lo, up);
+    /* a[lo .. p - 1] <= a[p] == P <= a[p + 1 .. up] */
+    if (p - lo < up - p) {  /* lower interval is smaller? */
+      auxsort(L, lo, p - 1, rnd);  /* call recursively for lower interval */
+      n = p - lo;  /* size of smaller interval */
+      lo = p + 1;  /* tail call for [p + 1 .. up] (upper interval) */
+    }
+    else {
+      auxsort(L, p + 1, up, rnd);  /* call recursively for upper interval */
+      n = up - p;  /* size of smaller interval */
+      up = p - 1;  /* tail call for [lo .. p - 1]  (lower interval) */
+    }
+    if ((up - lo) / 128 > n) /* partition too imbalanced? */
+      rnd = l_randomizePivot();  /* try a new randomization */
+  }  /* tail call auxsort(L, lo, up, rnd) */
+}
+
+
+static int sort (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer n = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  if (n > 1) {  /* non-trivial interval? */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, n < INT_MAX, 1, "array too big");
+    if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))  /* is there a 2nd argument? */
+      luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* must be a function */
+    lua_settop(L, 2);  /* make sure there are two arguments */
+    auxsort(L, 1, (IdxT)n, 0);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {
+  {"concat", tconcat},
+  {"insert", tinsert},
+  {"pack", tpack},
+  {"unpack", tunpack},
+  {"remove", tremove},
+  {"move", tmove},
+  {"sort", sort},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, tab_funcs);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltm.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..07a060811d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.c $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ltm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+static const char udatatypename[] = "userdata";
+
+LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTYPES] = {
+  "no value",
+  "nil", "boolean", udatatypename, "number",
+  "string", "table", "function", udatatypename, "thread",
+  "upvalue", "proto" /* these last cases are used for tests only */
+};
+
+
+void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {
+  static const char *const luaT_eventname[] = {  /* ORDER TM */
+    "__index", "__newindex",
+    "__gc", "__mode", "__len", "__eq",
+    "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__mod", "__pow",
+    "__div", "__idiv",
+    "__band", "__bor", "__bxor", "__shl", "__shr",
+    "__unm", "__bnot", "__lt", "__le",
+    "__concat", "__call", "__close"
+  };
+  int i;
+  for (i=0; i<TM_N; i++) {
+    G(L)->tmname[i] = luaS_new(L, luaT_eventname[i]);
+    luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(G(L)->tmname[i]));  /* never collect these names */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to be used with macro "fasttm": optimized for absence of
+** tag methods
+*/
+const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaH_getshortstr(events, ename);
+  lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ);
+  if (notm(tm)) {  /* no tag method? */
+    events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event);  /* cache this fact */
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  else return tm;
+}
+
+
+const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {
+  Table *mt;
+  switch (ttype(o)) {
+    case LUA_TTABLE:
+      mt = hvalue(o)->metatable;
+      break;
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+      mt = uvalue(o)->metatable;
+      break;
+    default:
+      mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(o)];
+  }
+  return (mt ? luaH_getshortstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : &G(L)->nilvalue);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return the name of the type of an object. For tables and userdata
+** with metatable, use their '__name' metafield, if present.
+*/
+const char *luaT_objtypename (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
+  Table *mt;
+  if ((ttistable(o) && (mt = hvalue(o)->metatable) != NULL) ||
+      (ttisfulluserdata(o) && (mt = uvalue(o)->metatable) != NULL)) {
+    const TValue *name = luaH_getshortstr(mt, luaS_new(L, "__name"));
+    if (ttisstring(name))  /* is '__name' a string? */
+      return getstr(tsvalue(name));  /* use it as type name */
+  }
+  return ttypename(ttype(o));  /* else use standard type name */
+}
+
+
+void luaT_callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                  const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3) {
+  StkId func = L->top.p;
+  setobj2s(L, func, f);  /* push function (assume EXTRA_STACK) */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 1, p1);  /* 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 2, p2);  /* 2nd argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 3, p3);  /* 3rd argument */
+  L->top.p = func + 4;
+  /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
+  if (isLuacode(L->ci))
+    luaD_call(L, func, 0);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 0);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                     const TValue *p2, StkId res) {
+  ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, res);
+  StkId func = L->top.p;
+  setobj2s(L, func, f);  /* push function (assume EXTRA_STACK) */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 1, p1);  /* 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 2, p2);  /* 2nd argument */
+  L->top.p += 3;
+  /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
+  if (isLuacode(L->ci))
+    luaD_call(L, func, 1);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 1);
+  res = restorestack(L, result);
+  setobjs2s(L, res, --L->top.p);  /* move result to its place */
+}
+
+
+static int callbinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                      StkId res, TMS event) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event);  /* try first operand */
+  if (notm(tm))
+    tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event);  /* try second operand */
+  if (notm(tm)) return 0;
+  luaT_callTMres(L, tm, p1, p2, res);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                    StkId res, TMS event) {
+  if (l_unlikely(!callbinTM(L, p1, p2, res, event))) {
+    switch (event) {
+      case TM_BAND: case TM_BOR: case TM_BXOR:
+      case TM_SHL: case TM_SHR: case TM_BNOT: {
+        if (ttisnumber(p1) && ttisnumber(p2))
+          luaG_tointerror(L, p1, p2);
+        else
+          luaG_opinterror(L, p1, p2, "perform bitwise operation on");
+      }
+      /* calls never return, but to avoid warnings: *//* FALLTHROUGH */
+      default:
+        luaG_opinterror(L, p1, p2, "perform arithmetic on");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void luaT_tryconcatTM (lua_State *L) {
+  StkId top = L->top.p;
+  if (l_unlikely(!callbinTM(L, s2v(top - 2), s2v(top - 1), top - 2,
+                               TM_CONCAT)))
+    luaG_concaterror(L, s2v(top - 2), s2v(top - 1));
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybinassocTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                                       int flip, StkId res, TMS event) {
+  if (flip)
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p2, p1, res, event);
+  else
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p1, p2, res, event);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybiniTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, lua_Integer i2,
+                                   int flip, StkId res, TMS event) {
+  TValue aux;
+  setivalue(&aux, i2);
+  luaT_trybinassocTM(L, p1, &aux, flip, res, event);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls an order tag method.
+** For lessequal, LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE keeps compatibility with old
+** behavior: if there is no '__le', try '__lt', based on l <= r iff
+** !(r < l) (assuming a total order). If the metamethod yields during
+** this substitution, the continuation has to know about it (to negate
+** the result of r<l); bit CIST_LEQ in the call status keeps that
+** information.
+*/
+int luaT_callorderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                      TMS event) {
+  if (callbinTM(L, p1, p2, L->top.p, event))  /* try original event */
+    return !l_isfalse(s2v(L->top.p));
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE)
+  else if (event == TM_LE) {
+      /* try '!(p2 < p1)' for '(p1 <= p2)' */
+      L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_LEQ;  /* mark it is doing 'lt' for 'le' */
+      if (callbinTM(L, p2, p1, L->top.p, TM_LT)) {
+        L->ci->callstatus ^= CIST_LEQ;  /* clear mark */
+        return l_isfalse(s2v(L->top.p));
+      }
+      /* else error will remove this 'ci'; no need to clear mark */
+  }
+#endif
+  luaG_ordererror(L, p1, p2);  /* no metamethod found */
+  return 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+int luaT_callorderiTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, int v2,
+                       int flip, int isfloat, TMS event) {
+  TValue aux; const TValue *p2;
+  if (isfloat) {
+    setfltvalue(&aux, cast_num(v2));
+  }
+  else
+    setivalue(&aux, v2);
+  if (flip) {  /* arguments were exchanged? */
+    p2 = p1; p1 = &aux;  /* correct them */
+  }
+  else
+    p2 = &aux;
+  return luaT_callorderTM(L, p1, p2, event);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, int nfixparams, CallInfo *ci,
+                         const Proto *p) {
+  int i;
+  int actual = cast_int(L->top.p - ci->func.p) - 1;  /* number of arguments */
+  int nextra = actual - nfixparams;  /* number of extra arguments */
+  ci->u.l.nextraargs = nextra;
+  luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize + 1);
+  /* copy function to the top of the stack */
+  setobjs2s(L, L->top.p++, ci->func.p);
+  /* move fixed parameters to the top of the stack */
+  for (i = 1; i <= nfixparams; i++) {
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top.p++, ci->func.p + i);
+    setnilvalue(s2v(ci->func.p + i));  /* erase original parameter (for GC) */
+  }
+  ci->func.p += actual + 1;
+  ci->top.p += actual + 1;
+  lua_assert(L->top.p <= ci->top.p && ci->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId where, int wanted) {
+  int i;
+  int nextra = ci->u.l.nextraargs;
+  if (wanted < 0) {
+    wanted = nextra;  /* get all extra arguments available */
+    checkstackGCp(L, nextra, where);  /* ensure stack space */
+    L->top.p = where + nextra;  /* next instruction will need top */
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < wanted && i < nextra; i++)
+    setobjs2s(L, where + i, ci->func.p - nextra + i);
+  for (; i < wanted; i++)   /* complete required results with nil */
+    setnilvalue(s2v(where + i));
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltm.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c309e2ae10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/ltm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.h $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltm_h
+#define ltm_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER TM" and "ORDER OP"
+*/
+typedef enum {
+  TM_INDEX,
+  TM_NEWINDEX,
+  TM_GC,
+  TM_MODE,
+  TM_LEN,
+  TM_EQ,  /* last tag method with fast access */
+  TM_ADD,
+  TM_SUB,
+  TM_MUL,
+  TM_MOD,
+  TM_POW,
+  TM_DIV,
+  TM_IDIV,
+  TM_BAND,
+  TM_BOR,
+  TM_BXOR,
+  TM_SHL,
+  TM_SHR,
+  TM_UNM,
+  TM_BNOT,
+  TM_LT,
+  TM_LE,
+  TM_CONCAT,
+  TM_CALL,
+  TM_CLOSE,
+  TM_N		/* number of elements in the enum */
+} TMS;
+
+
+/*
+** Mask with 1 in all fast-access methods. A 1 in any of these bits
+** in the flag of a (meta)table means the metatable does not have the
+** corresponding metamethod field. (Bit 7 of the flag is used for
+** 'isrealasize'.)
+*/
+#define maskflags	(~(~0u << (TM_EQ + 1)))
+
+
+/*
+** Test whether there is no tagmethod.
+** (Because tagmethods use raw accesses, the result may be an "empty" nil.)
+*/
+#define notm(tm)	ttisnil(tm)
+
+
+#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \
+  ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
+
+#define fasttm(l,et,e)	gfasttm(G(l), et, e)
+
+#define ttypename(x)	luaT_typenames_[(x) + 1]
+
+LUAI_DDEC(const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTYPES];)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaT_objtypename (lua_State *L, const TValue *o);
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+                                                       TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                            const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f,
+                            const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2, StkId p3);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                              StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_tryconcatTM (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybinassocTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+       const TValue *p2, int inv, StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybiniTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, lua_Integer i2,
+                               int inv, StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaT_callorderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                const TValue *p2, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaT_callorderiTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, int v2,
+                                 int inv, int isfloat, TMS event);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, int nfixparams,
+                                   CallInfo *ci, const Proto *p);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
+                                              StkId where, int wanted);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ff8845453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.c
@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lua.c $
+** Lua stand-alone interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lua_c
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PROGNAME)
+#define LUA_PROGNAME		"lua"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_INIT_VAR)
+#define LUA_INIT_VAR		"LUA_INIT"
+#endif
+
+#define LUA_INITVARVERSION	LUA_INIT_VAR LUA_VERSUFFIX
+
+
+static lua_State *globalL = NULL;
+
+static const char *progname = LUA_PROGNAME;
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)   /* { */
+
+/*
+** Use 'sigaction' when available.
+*/
+static void setsignal (int sig, void (*handler)(int)) {
+  struct sigaction sa;
+  sa.sa_handler = handler;
+  sa.sa_flags = 0;
+  sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);  /* do not mask any signal */
+  sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
+}
+
+#else           /* }{ */
+
+#define setsignal            signal
+
+#endif                               /* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Hook set by signal function to stop the interpreter.
+*/
+static void lstop (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  (void)ar;  /* unused arg. */
+  lua_sethook(L, NULL, 0, 0);  /* reset hook */
+  luaL_error(L, "interrupted!");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Function to be called at a C signal. Because a C signal cannot
+** just change a Lua state (as there is no proper synchronization),
+** this function only sets a hook that, when called, will stop the
+** interpreter.
+*/
+static void laction (int i) {
+  int flag = LUA_MASKCALL | LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT;
+  setsignal(i, SIG_DFL); /* if another SIGINT happens, terminate process */
+  lua_sethook(globalL, lstop, flag, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void print_usage (const char *badoption) {
+  lua_writestringerror("%s: ", progname);
+  if (badoption[1] == 'e' || badoption[1] == 'l')
+    lua_writestringerror("'%s' needs argument\n", badoption);
+  else
+    lua_writestringerror("unrecognized option '%s'\n", badoption);
+  lua_writestringerror(
+  "usage: %s [options] [script [args]]\n"
+  "Available options are:\n"
+  "  -e stat   execute string 'stat'\n"
+  "  -i        enter interactive mode after executing 'script'\n"
+  "  -l mod    require library 'mod' into global 'mod'\n"
+  "  -l g=mod  require library 'mod' into global 'g'\n"
+  "  -v        show version information\n"
+  "  -E        ignore environment variables\n"
+  "  -W        turn warnings on\n"
+  "  --        stop handling options\n"
+  "  -         stop handling options and execute stdin\n"
+  ,
+  progname);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prints an error message, adding the program name in front of it
+** (if present)
+*/
+static void l_message (const char *pname, const char *msg) {
+  if (pname) lua_writestringerror("%s: ", pname);
+  lua_writestringerror("%s\n", msg);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'status' is not OK and, if so, prints the error
+** message on the top of the stack. It assumes that the error object
+** is a string, as it was either generated by Lua or by 'msghandler'.
+*/
+static int report (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  if (status != LUA_OK) {
+    const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+    l_message(progname, msg);
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove message */
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Message handler used to run all chunks
+*/
+static int msghandler (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+  if (msg == NULL) {  /* is error object not a string? */
+    if (luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring") &&  /* does it have a metamethod */
+        lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TSTRING)  /* that produces a string? */
+      return 1;  /* that is the message */
+    else
+      msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "(error object is a %s value)",
+                               luaL_typename(L, 1));
+  }
+  luaL_traceback(L, L, msg, 1);  /* append a standard traceback */
+  return 1;  /* return the traceback */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Interface to 'lua_pcall', which sets appropriate message function
+** and C-signal handler. Used to run all chunks.
+*/
+static int docall (lua_State *L, int narg, int nres) {
+  int status;
+  int base = lua_gettop(L) - narg;  /* function index */
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, msghandler);  /* push message handler */
+  lua_insert(L, base);  /* put it under function and args */
+  globalL = L;  /* to be available to 'laction' */
+  setsignal(SIGINT, laction);  /* set C-signal handler */
+  status = lua_pcall(L, narg, nres, base);
+  setsignal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL); /* reset C-signal handler */
+  lua_remove(L, base);  /* remove message handler from the stack */
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+static void print_version (void) {
+  lua_writestring(LUA_COPYRIGHT, strlen(LUA_COPYRIGHT));
+  lua_writeline();
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create the 'arg' table, which stores all arguments from the
+** command line ('argv'). It should be aligned so that, at index 0,
+** it has 'argv[script]', which is the script name. The arguments
+** to the script (everything after 'script') go to positive indices;
+** other arguments (before the script name) go to negative indices.
+** If there is no script name, assume interpreter's name as base.
+** (If there is no interpreter's name either, 'script' is -1, so
+** table sizes are zero.)
+*/
+static void createargtable (lua_State *L, char **argv, int argc, int script) {
+  int i, narg;
+  narg = argc - (script + 1);  /* number of positive indices */
+  lua_createtable(L, narg, script + 1);
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+    lua_rawseti(L, -2, i - script);
+  }
+  lua_setglobal(L, "arg");
+}
+
+
+static int dochunk (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  if (status == LUA_OK) status = docall(L, 0, 0);
+  return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dofile (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  return dochunk(L, luaL_loadfile(L, name));
+}
+
+
+static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) {
+  return dochunk(L, luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), name));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Receives 'globname[=modname]' and runs 'globname = require(modname)'.
+*/
+static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, char *globname) {
+  int status;
+  char *modname = strchr(globname, '=');
+  if (modname == NULL)  /* no explicit name? */
+    modname = globname;  /* module name is equal to global name */
+  else {
+    *modname = '\0';  /* global name ends here */
+    modname++;  /* module name starts after the '=' */
+  }
+  lua_getglobal(L, "require");
+  lua_pushstring(L, modname);
+  status = docall(L, 1, 1);  /* call 'require(modname)' */
+  if (status == LUA_OK)
+    lua_setglobal(L, globname);  /* globname = require(modname) */
+  return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Push on the stack the contents of table 'arg' from 1 to #arg
+*/
+static int pushargs (lua_State *L) {
+  int i, n;
+  if (lua_getglobal(L, "arg") != LUA_TTABLE)
+    luaL_error(L, "'arg' is not a table");
+  n = (int)luaL_len(L, -1);
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n + 3, "too many arguments to script");
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+    lua_rawgeti(L, -i, i);
+  lua_remove(L, -i);  /* remove table from the stack */
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_script (lua_State *L, char **argv) {
+  int status;
+  const char *fname = argv[0];
+  if (strcmp(fname, "-") == 0 && strcmp(argv[-1], "--") != 0)
+    fname = NULL;  /* stdin */
+  status = luaL_loadfile(L, fname);
+  if (status == LUA_OK) {
+    int n = pushargs(L);  /* push arguments to script */
+    status = docall(L, n, LUA_MULTRET);
+  }
+  return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/* bits of various argument indicators in 'args' */
+#define has_error	1	/* bad option */
+#define has_i		2	/* -i */
+#define has_v		4	/* -v */
+#define has_e		8	/* -e */
+#define has_E		16	/* -E */
+
+
+/*
+** Traverses all arguments from 'argv', returning a mask with those
+** needed before running any Lua code or an error code if it finds any
+** invalid argument. In case of error, 'first' is the index of the bad
+** argument.  Otherwise, 'first' is -1 if there is no program name,
+** 0 if there is no script name, or the index of the script name.
+*/
+static int collectargs (char **argv, int *first) {
+  int args = 0;
+  int i;
+  if (argv[0] != NULL) {  /* is there a program name? */
+    if (argv[0][0])  /* not empty? */
+      progname = argv[0];  /* save it */
+  }
+  else {  /* no program name */
+    *first = -1;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  for (i = 1; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {  /* handle arguments */
+    *first = i;
+    if (argv[i][0] != '-')  /* not an option? */
+        return args;  /* stop handling options */
+    switch (argv[i][1]) {  /* else check option */
+      case '-':  /* '--' */
+        if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters after '--'? */
+          return has_error;  /* invalid option */
+        *first = i + 1;
+        return args;
+      case '\0':  /* '-' */
+        return args;  /* script "name" is '-' */
+      case 'E':
+        if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters? */
+          return has_error;  /* invalid option */
+        args |= has_E;
+        break;
+      case 'W':
+        if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters? */
+          return has_error;  /* invalid option */
+        break;
+      case 'i':
+        args |= has_i;  /* (-i implies -v) *//* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case 'v':
+        if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters? */
+          return has_error;  /* invalid option */
+        args |= has_v;
+        break;
+      case 'e':
+        args |= has_e;  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case 'l':  /* both options need an argument */
+        if (argv[i][2] == '\0') {  /* no concatenated argument? */
+          i++;  /* try next 'argv' */
+          if (argv[i] == NULL || argv[i][0] == '-')
+            return has_error;  /* no next argument or it is another option */
+        }
+        break;
+      default:  /* invalid option */
+        return has_error;
+    }
+  }
+  *first = 0;  /* no script name */
+  return args;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Processes options 'e' and 'l', which involve running Lua code, and
+** 'W', which also affects the state.
+** Returns 0 if some code raises an error.
+*/
+static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+    int option = argv[i][1];
+    lua_assert(argv[i][0] == '-');  /* already checked */
+    switch (option) {
+      case 'e':  case 'l': {
+        int status;
+        char *extra = argv[i] + 2;  /* both options need an argument */
+        if (*extra == '\0') extra = argv[++i];
+        lua_assert(extra != NULL);
+        status = (option == 'e')
+                 ? dostring(L, extra, "=(command line)")
+                 : dolibrary(L, extra);
+        if (status != LUA_OK) return 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'W':
+        lua_warning(L, "@on", 0);  /* warnings on */
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *name = "=" LUA_INITVARVERSION;
+  const char *init = getenv(name + 1);
+  if (init == NULL) {
+    name = "=" LUA_INIT_VAR;
+    init = getenv(name + 1);  /* try alternative name */
+  }
+  if (init == NULL) return LUA_OK;
+  else if (init[0] == '@')
+    return dofile(L, init+1);
+  else
+    return dostring(L, init, name);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL)
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PROMPT)
+#define LUA_PROMPT		"> "
+#define LUA_PROMPT2		">> "
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_MAXINPUT)
+#define LUA_MAXINPUT		512
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** lua_stdin_is_tty detects whether the standard input is a 'tty' (that
+** is, whether we're running lua interactively).
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_stdin_is_tty)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty()	isatty(0)
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)	/* }{ */
+
+#include <io.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty()	_isatty(_fileno(stdin))
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definition */
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty()	1  /* assume stdin is a tty */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from
+** the standard input.
+** lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history".
+** lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline.
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_readline)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_READLINE)	/* { */
+
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+#define lua_initreadline(L)	((void)L, rl_readline_name="lua")
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p)	((void)L, ((b)=readline(p)) != NULL)
+#define lua_saveline(L,line)	((void)L, add_history(line))
+#define lua_freeline(L,b)	((void)L, free(b))
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#define lua_initreadline(L)  ((void)L)
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) \
+        ((void)L, fputs(p, stdout), fflush(stdout),  /* show prompt */ \
+        fgets(b, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin) != NULL)  /* get line */
+#define lua_saveline(L,line)	{ (void)L; (void)line; }
+#define lua_freeline(L,b)	{ (void)L; (void)b; }
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Return the string to be used as a prompt by the interpreter. Leave
+** the string (or nil, if using the default value) on the stack, to keep
+** it anchored.
+*/
+static const char *get_prompt (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+  if (lua_getglobal(L, firstline ? "_PROMPT" : "_PROMPT2") == LUA_TNIL)
+    return (firstline ? LUA_PROMPT : LUA_PROMPT2);  /* use the default */
+  else {  /* apply 'tostring' over the value */
+    const char *p = luaL_tolstring(L, -1, NULL);
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove original value */
+    return p;
+  }
+}
+
+/* mark in error messages for incomplete statements */
+#define EOFMARK		"<eof>"
+#define marklen		(sizeof(EOFMARK)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'status' signals a syntax error and the error
+** message at the top of the stack ends with the above mark for
+** incomplete statements.
+*/
+static int incomplete (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  if (status == LUA_ERRSYNTAX) {
+    size_t lmsg;
+    const char *msg = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &lmsg);
+    if (lmsg >= marklen && strcmp(msg + lmsg - marklen, EOFMARK) == 0) {
+      lua_pop(L, 1);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;  /* else... */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prompt the user, read a line, and push it into the Lua stack.
+*/
+static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+  char buffer[LUA_MAXINPUT];
+  char *b = buffer;
+  size_t l;
+  const char *prmt = get_prompt(L, firstline);
+  int readstatus = lua_readline(L, b, prmt);
+  if (readstatus == 0)
+    return 0;  /* no input (prompt will be popped by caller) */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove prompt */
+  l = strlen(b);
+  if (l > 0 && b[l-1] == '\n')  /* line ends with newline? */
+    b[--l] = '\0';  /* remove it */
+  if (firstline && b[0] == '=')  /* for compatibility with 5.2, ... */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s", b + 1);  /* change '=' to 'return' */
+  else
+    lua_pushlstring(L, b, l);
+  lua_freeline(L, b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to compile line on the stack as 'return <line>;'; on return, stack
+** has either compiled chunk or original line (if compilation failed).
+*/
+static int addreturn (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *line = lua_tostring(L, -1);  /* original line */
+  const char *retline = lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s;", line);
+  int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, retline, strlen(retline), "=stdin");
+  if (status == LUA_OK) {
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove modified line */
+    if (line[0] != '\0')  /* non empty? */
+      lua_saveline(L, line);  /* keep history */
+  }
+  else
+    lua_pop(L, 2);  /* pop result from 'luaL_loadbuffer' and modified line */
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read multiple lines until a complete Lua statement
+*/
+static int multiline (lua_State *L) {
+  for (;;) {  /* repeat until gets a complete statement */
+    size_t len;
+    const char *line = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &len);  /* get what it has */
+    int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, line, len, "=stdin");  /* try it */
+    if (!incomplete(L, status) || !pushline(L, 0)) {
+      lua_saveline(L, line);  /* keep history */
+      return status;  /* cannot or should not try to add continuation line */
+    }
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "\n");  /* add newline... */
+    lua_insert(L, -2);  /* ...between the two lines */
+    lua_concat(L, 3);  /* join them */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read a line and try to load (compile) it first as an expression (by
+** adding "return " in front of it) and second as a statement. Return
+** the final status of load/call with the resulting function (if any)
+** in the top of the stack.
+*/
+static int loadline (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  lua_settop(L, 0);
+  if (!pushline(L, 1))
+    return -1;  /* no input */
+  if ((status = addreturn(L)) != LUA_OK)  /* 'return ...' did not work? */
+    status = multiline(L);  /* try as command, maybe with continuation lines */
+  lua_remove(L, 1);  /* remove line from the stack */
+  lua_assert(lua_gettop(L) == 1);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prints (calling the Lua 'print' function) any values on the stack
+*/
+static void l_print (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);
+  if (n > 0) {  /* any result to be printed? */
+    luaL_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK, "too many results to print");
+    lua_getglobal(L, "print");
+    lua_insert(L, 1);
+    if (lua_pcall(L, n, 0, 0) != LUA_OK)
+      l_message(progname, lua_pushfstring(L, "error calling 'print' (%s)",
+                                             lua_tostring(L, -1)));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Do the REPL: repeatedly read (load) a line, evaluate (call) it, and
+** print any results.
+*/
+static void doREPL (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  const char *oldprogname = progname;
+  progname = NULL;  /* no 'progname' on errors in interactive mode */
+  lua_initreadline(L);
+  while ((status = loadline(L)) != -1) {
+    if (status == LUA_OK)
+      status = docall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET);
+    if (status == LUA_OK) l_print(L);
+    else report(L, status);
+  }
+  lua_settop(L, 0);  /* clear stack */
+  lua_writeline();
+  progname = oldprogname;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** Main body of stand-alone interpreter (to be called in protected mode).
+** Reads the options and handles them all.
+*/
+static int pmain (lua_State *L) {
+  int argc = (int)lua_tointeger(L, 1);
+  char **argv = (char **)lua_touserdata(L, 2);
+  int script;
+  int args = collectargs(argv, &script);
+  int optlim = (script > 0) ? script : argc; /* first argv not an option */
+  luaL_checkversion(L);  /* check that interpreter has correct version */
+  if (args == has_error) {  /* bad arg? */
+    print_usage(argv[script]);  /* 'script' has index of bad arg. */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (args & has_v)  /* option '-v'? */
+    print_version();
+  if (args & has_E) {  /* option '-E'? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* signal for libraries to ignore env. vars. */
+    lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
+  }
+  luaL_openlibs(L);  /* open standard libraries */
+  createargtable(L, argv, argc, script);  /* create table 'arg' */
+  lua_gc(L, LUA_GCRESTART);  /* start GC... */
+  lua_gc(L, LUA_GCGEN, 0, 0);  /* ...in generational mode */
+  if (!(args & has_E)) {  /* no option '-E'? */
+    if (handle_luainit(L) != LUA_OK)  /* run LUA_INIT */
+      return 0;  /* error running LUA_INIT */
+  }
+  if (!runargs(L, argv, optlim))  /* execute arguments -e and -l */
+    return 0;  /* something failed */
+  if (script > 0) {  /* execute main script (if there is one) */
+    if (handle_script(L, argv + script) != LUA_OK)
+      return 0;  /* interrupt in case of error */
+  }
+  if (args & has_i)  /* -i option? */
+    doREPL(L);  /* do read-eval-print loop */
+  else if (script < 1 && !(args & (has_e | has_v))) { /* no active option? */
+    if (lua_stdin_is_tty()) {  /* running in interactive mode? */
+      print_version();
+      doREPL(L);  /* do read-eval-print loop */
+    }
+    else dofile(L, NULL);  /* executes stdin as a file */
+  }
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* signal no errors */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {
+  int status, result;
+  lua_State *L = luaL_newstate();  /* create state */
+  if (L == NULL) {
+    l_message(argv[0], "cannot create state: not enough memory");
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  lua_gc(L, LUA_GCSTOP);  /* stop GC while building state */
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, &pmain);  /* to call 'pmain' in protected mode */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, argc);  /* 1st argument */
+  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, argv); /* 2nd argument */
+  status = lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0);  /* do the call */
+  result = lua_toboolean(L, -1);  /* get result */
+  report(L, status);
+  lua_close(L);
+  return (result && status == LUA_OK) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd16cf8050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.h
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lua.h $
+** Lua - A Scripting Language
+** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org)
+** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lua_h
+#define lua_h
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR	"5"
+#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR	"4"
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE	"6"
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_NUM			504
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_NUM		(LUA_VERSION_NUM * 100 + 6)
+
+#define LUA_VERSION	"Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+#define LUA_RELEASE	LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT	LUA_RELEASE "  Copyright (C) 1994-2023 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
+#define LUA_AUTHORS	"R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes"
+
+
+/* mark for precompiled code ('<esc>Lua') */
+#define LUA_SIGNATURE	"\x1bLua"
+
+/* option for multiple returns in 'lua_pcall' and 'lua_call' */
+#define LUA_MULTRET	(-1)
+
+
+/*
+** Pseudo-indices
+** (-LUAI_MAXSTACK is the minimum valid index; we keep some free empty
+** space after that to help overflow detection)
+*/
+#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX	(-LUAI_MAXSTACK - 1000)
+#define lua_upvalueindex(i)	(LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - (i))
+
+
+/* thread status */
+#define LUA_OK		0
+#define LUA_YIELD	1
+#define LUA_ERRRUN	2
+#define LUA_ERRSYNTAX	3
+#define LUA_ERRMEM	4
+#define LUA_ERRERR	5
+
+
+typedef struct lua_State lua_State;
+
+
+/*
+** basic types
+*/
+#define LUA_TNONE		(-1)
+
+#define LUA_TNIL		0
+#define LUA_TBOOLEAN		1
+#define LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA	2
+#define LUA_TNUMBER		3
+#define LUA_TSTRING		4
+#define LUA_TTABLE		5
+#define LUA_TFUNCTION		6
+#define LUA_TUSERDATA		7
+#define LUA_TTHREAD		8
+
+#define LUA_NUMTYPES		9
+
+
+
+/* minimum Lua stack available to a C function */
+#define LUA_MINSTACK	20
+
+
+/* predefined values in the registry */
+#define LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD	1
+#define LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS	2
+#define LUA_RIDX_LAST		LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS
+
+
+/* type of numbers in Lua */
+typedef LUA_NUMBER lua_Number;
+
+
+/* type for integer functions */
+typedef LUA_INTEGER lua_Integer;
+
+/* unsigned integer type */
+typedef LUA_UNSIGNED lua_Unsigned;
+
+/* type for continuation-function contexts */
+typedef LUA_KCONTEXT lua_KContext;
+
+
+/*
+** Type for C functions registered with Lua
+*/
+typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
+
+/*
+** Type for continuation functions
+*/
+typedef int (*lua_KFunction) (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks
+*/
+typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);
+
+typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void *p, size_t sz, void *ud);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for memory-allocation functions
+*/
+typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for warning functions
+*/
+typedef void (*lua_WarnFunction) (void *ud, const char *msg, int tocont);
+
+
+/*
+** Type used by the debug API to collect debug information
+*/
+typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug;
+
+
+/*
+** Functions to be called by the debugger in specific events
+*/
+typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);
+
+
+/*
+** generic extra include file
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USER_H)
+#include LUA_USER_H
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** RCS ident string
+*/
+extern const char lua_ident[];
+
+
+/*
+** state manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+LUA_API void       (lua_close) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int        (lua_closethread) (lua_State *L, lua_State *from);
+LUA_API int        (lua_resetthread) (lua_State *L);  /* Deprecated! */
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number (lua_version) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API int   (lua_absindex) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int   (lua_gettop) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void  (lua_settop) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_pushvalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rotate) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_copy) (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);
+LUA_API int   (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int n);
+
+LUA_API void  (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+LUA_API int             (lua_isnumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_isstring) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_iscfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_isinteger) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_isuserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_type) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char     *(lua_typename) (lua_State *L, int tp);
+
+LUA_API lua_Number      (lua_tonumberx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
+LUA_API lua_Integer     (lua_tointegerx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
+LUA_API int             (lua_toboolean) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char     *(lua_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned    (lua_rawlen) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_CFunction   (lua_tocfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void	       *(lua_touserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_State      *(lua_tothread) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const void     *(lua_topointer) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** Comparison and arithmetic functions
+*/
+
+#define LUA_OPADD	0	/* ORDER TM, ORDER OP */
+#define LUA_OPSUB	1
+#define LUA_OPMUL	2
+#define LUA_OPMOD	3
+#define LUA_OPPOW	4
+#define LUA_OPDIV	5
+#define LUA_OPIDIV	6
+#define LUA_OPBAND	7
+#define LUA_OPBOR	8
+#define LUA_OPBXOR	9
+#define LUA_OPSHL	10
+#define LUA_OPSHR	11
+#define LUA_OPUNM	12
+#define LUA_OPBNOT	13
+
+LUA_API void  (lua_arith) (lua_State *L, int op);
+
+#define LUA_OPEQ	0
+#define LUA_OPLT	1
+#define LUA_OPLE	2
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_rawequal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+LUA_API int   (lua_compare) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2, int op);
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API void        (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void        (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);
+LUA_API void        (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+                                                      va_list argp);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUA_API void  (lua_pushcclosure) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_pushboolean) (lua_State *L, int b);
+LUA_API void  (lua_pushlightuserdata) (lua_State *L, void *p);
+LUA_API int   (lua_pushthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API int (lua_getglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *name);
+LUA_API int (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API int (lua_geti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawgetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+
+LUA_API void  (lua_createtable) (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);
+LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdatauv) (lua_State *L, size_t sz, int nuvalue);
+LUA_API int   (lua_getmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API int  (lua_getiuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+LUA_API void  (lua_setglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *name);
+LUA_API void  (lua_settable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_setfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void  (lua_seti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rawset) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rawsetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+LUA_API int   (lua_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API int   (lua_setiuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** 'load' and 'call' functions (load and run Lua code)
+*/
+LUA_API void  (lua_callk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults,
+                           lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
+#define lua_call(L,n,r)		lua_callk(L, (n), (r), 0, NULL)
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_pcallk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
+                            lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
+#define lua_pcall(L,n,r,f)	lua_pcallk(L, (n), (r), (f), 0, NULL)
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_load) (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt,
+                          const char *chunkname, const char *mode);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data, int strip);
+
+
+/*
+** coroutine functions
+*/
+LUA_API int  (lua_yieldk)     (lua_State *L, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx,
+                               lua_KFunction k);
+LUA_API int  (lua_resume)     (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int narg,
+                               int *nres);
+LUA_API int  (lua_status)     (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_isyieldable) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define lua_yield(L,n)		lua_yieldk(L, (n), 0, NULL)
+
+
+/*
+** Warning-related functions
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_setwarnf) (lua_State *L, lua_WarnFunction f, void *ud);
+LUA_API void (lua_warning)  (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
+
+
+/*
+** garbage-collection function and options
+*/
+
+#define LUA_GCSTOP		0
+#define LUA_GCRESTART		1
+#define LUA_GCCOLLECT		2
+#define LUA_GCCOUNT		3
+#define LUA_GCCOUNTB		4
+#define LUA_GCSTEP		5
+#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE		6
+#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL	7
+#define LUA_GCISRUNNING		9
+#define LUA_GCGEN		10
+#define LUA_GCINC		11
+
+LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, ...);
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_error) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUA_API void  (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_len)    (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUA_API size_t   (lua_stringtonumber) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud);
+LUA_API void      (lua_setallocf) (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_toclose) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_closeslot) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** {==============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+#define lua_getextraspace(L)	((void *)((char *)(L) - LUA_EXTRASPACE))
+
+#define lua_tonumber(L,i)	lua_tonumberx(L,(i),NULL)
+#define lua_tointeger(L,i)	lua_tointegerx(L,(i),NULL)
+
+#define lua_pop(L,n)		lua_settop(L, -(n)-1)
+
+#define lua_newtable(L)		lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)
+
+#define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), lua_setglobal(L, (n)))
+
+#define lua_pushcfunction(L,f)	lua_pushcclosure(L, (f), 0)
+
+#define lua_isfunction(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define lua_istable(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTABLE)
+#define lua_islightuserdata(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define lua_isnil(L,n)		(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define lua_isboolean(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define lua_isthread(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTHREAD)
+#define lua_isnone(L,n)		(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNONE)
+#define lua_isnoneornil(L, n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) <= 0)
+
+#define lua_pushliteral(L, s)	lua_pushstring(L, "" s)
+
+#define lua_pushglobaltable(L)  \
+	((void)lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS))
+
+#define lua_tostring(L,i)	lua_tolstring(L, (i), NULL)
+
+
+#define lua_insert(L,idx)	lua_rotate(L, (idx), 1)
+
+#define lua_remove(L,idx)	(lua_rotate(L, (idx), -1), lua_pop(L, 1))
+
+#define lua_replace(L,idx)	(lua_copy(L, -1, (idx)), lua_pop(L, 1))
+
+/* }============================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==============================================================
+** compatibility macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS)
+
+#define lua_pushunsigned(L,n)	lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)(n))
+#define lua_tounsignedx(L,i,is)	((lua_Unsigned)lua_tointegerx(L,i,is))
+#define lua_tounsigned(L,i)	lua_tounsignedx(L,(i),NULL)
+
+#endif
+
+#define lua_newuserdata(L,s)	lua_newuserdatauv(L,s,1)
+#define lua_getuservalue(L,idx)	lua_getiuservalue(L,idx,1)
+#define lua_setuservalue(L,idx)	lua_setiuservalue(L,idx,1)
+
+#define LUA_NUMTAGS		LUA_NUMTYPES
+
+/* }============================================================== */
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Debug API
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Event codes
+*/
+#define LUA_HOOKCALL	0
+#define LUA_HOOKRET	1
+#define LUA_HOOKLINE	2
+#define LUA_HOOKCOUNT	3
+#define LUA_HOOKTAILCALL 4
+
+
+/*
+** Event masks
+*/
+#define LUA_MASKCALL	(1 << LUA_HOOKCALL)
+#define LUA_MASKRET	(1 << LUA_HOOKRET)
+#define LUA_MASKLINE	(1 << LUA_HOOKLINE)
+#define LUA_MASKCOUNT	(1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT)
+
+
+LUA_API int (lua_getstack) (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API int (lua_getinfo) (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_getlocal) (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_setlocal) (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_getupvalue) (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_setupvalue) (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+
+LUA_API void *(lua_upvalueid) (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_upvaluejoin) (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
+                                               int fidx2, int n2);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_sethook) (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);
+LUA_API lua_Hook (lua_gethook) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_gethookmask) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_gethookcount) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_setcstacklimit) (lua_State *L, unsigned int limit);
+
+struct lua_Debug {
+  int event;
+  const char *name;	/* (n) */
+  const char *namewhat;	/* (n) 'global', 'local', 'field', 'method' */
+  const char *what;	/* (S) 'Lua', 'C', 'main', 'tail' */
+  const char *source;	/* (S) */
+  size_t srclen;	/* (S) */
+  int currentline;	/* (l) */
+  int linedefined;	/* (S) */
+  int lastlinedefined;	/* (S) */
+  unsigned char nups;	/* (u) number of upvalues */
+  unsigned char nparams;/* (u) number of parameters */
+  char isvararg;        /* (u) */
+  char istailcall;	/* (t) */
+  unsigned short ftransfer;   /* (r) index of first value transferred */
+  unsigned short ntransfer;   /* (r) number of transferred values */
+  char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+  /* private part */
+  struct CallInfo *i_ci;  /* active function */
+};
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2023 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+*
+* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+* the following conditions:
+*
+* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+*
+* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.hpp b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec417f5946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lua.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// lua.hpp
+// Lua header files for C++
+// <<extern "C">> not supplied automatically because Lua also compiles as C++
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/luac.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/luac.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f4a141bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/luac.c
@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+/*
+** $Id: luac.c $
+** Lua compiler (saves bytecodes to files; also lists bytecodes)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lopnames.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+static void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full);
+#define luaU_print	PrintFunction
+
+#define PROGNAME	"luac"		/* default program name */
+#define OUTPUT		PROGNAME ".out"	/* default output file */
+
+static int listing=0;			/* list bytecodes? */
+static int dumping=1;			/* dump bytecodes? */
+static int stripping=0;			/* strip debug information? */
+static char Output[]={ OUTPUT };	/* default output file name */
+static const char* output=Output;	/* actual output file name */
+static const char* progname=PROGNAME;	/* actual program name */
+static TString **tmname;
+
+static void fatal(const char* message)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void cannot(const char* what)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: cannot %s %s: %s\n",progname,what,output,strerror(errno));
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char* message)
+{
+ if (*message=='-')
+  fprintf(stderr,"%s: unrecognized option '%s'\n",progname,message);
+ else
+  fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ fprintf(stderr,
+  "usage: %s [options] [filenames]\n"
+  "Available options are:\n"
+  "  -l       list (use -l -l for full listing)\n"
+  "  -o name  output to file 'name' (default is \"%s\")\n"
+  "  -p       parse only\n"
+  "  -s       strip debug information\n"
+  "  -v       show version information\n"
+  "  --       stop handling options\n"
+  "  -        stop handling options and process stdin\n"
+  ,progname,Output);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#define IS(s)	(strcmp(argv[i],s)==0)
+
+static int doargs(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ int i;
+ int version=0;
+ if (argv[0]!=NULL && *argv[0]!=0) progname=argv[0];
+ for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+  if (*argv[i]!='-')			/* end of options; keep it */
+   break;
+  else if (IS("--"))			/* end of options; skip it */
+  {
+   ++i;
+   if (version) ++version;
+   break;
+  }
+  else if (IS("-"))			/* end of options; use stdin */
+   break;
+  else if (IS("-l"))			/* list */
+   ++listing;
+  else if (IS("-o"))			/* output file */
+  {
+   output=argv[++i];
+   if (output==NULL || *output==0 || (*output=='-' && output[1]!=0))
+    usage("'-o' needs argument");
+   if (IS("-")) output=NULL;
+  }
+  else if (IS("-p"))			/* parse only */
+   dumping=0;
+  else if (IS("-s"))			/* strip debug information */
+   stripping=1;
+  else if (IS("-v"))			/* show version */
+   ++version;
+  else					/* unknown option */
+   usage(argv[i]);
+ }
+ if (i==argc && (listing || !dumping))
+ {
+  dumping=0;
+  argv[--i]=Output;
+ }
+ if (version)
+ {
+  printf("%s\n",LUA_COPYRIGHT);
+  if (version==argc-1) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+#define FUNCTION "(function()end)();\n"
+
+static const char* reader(lua_State* L, void* ud, size_t* size)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ if ((*(int*)ud)--)
+ {
+  *size=sizeof(FUNCTION)-1;
+  return FUNCTION;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+  *size=0;
+  return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+#define toproto(L,i) getproto(s2v(L->top.p+(i)))
+
+static const Proto* combine(lua_State* L, int n)
+{
+ if (n==1)
+  return toproto(L,-1);
+ else
+ {
+  Proto* f;
+  int i=n;
+  if (lua_load(L,reader,&i,"=(" PROGNAME ")",NULL)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+  f=toproto(L,-1);
+  for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+  {
+   f->p[i]=toproto(L,i-n-1);
+   if (f->p[i]->sizeupvalues>0) f->p[i]->upvalues[0].instack=0;
+  }
+  return f;
+ }
+}
+
+static int writer(lua_State* L, const void* p, size_t size, void* u)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return (fwrite(p,size,1,(FILE*)u)!=1) && (size!=0);
+}
+
+static int pmain(lua_State* L)
+{
+ int argc=(int)lua_tointeger(L,1);
+ char** argv=(char**)lua_touserdata(L,2);
+ const Proto* f;
+ int i;
+ tmname=G(L)->tmname;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L,argc)) fatal("too many input files");
+ for (i=0; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+  const char* filename=IS("-") ? NULL : argv[i];
+  if (luaL_loadfile(L,filename)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ }
+ f=combine(L,argc);
+ if (listing) luaU_print(f,listing>1);
+ if (dumping)
+ {
+  FILE* D= (output==NULL) ? stdout : fopen(output,"wb");
+  if (D==NULL) cannot("open");
+  lua_lock(L);
+  luaU_dump(L,f,writer,D,stripping);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  if (ferror(D)) cannot("write");
+  if (fclose(D)) cannot("close");
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ lua_State* L;
+ int i=doargs(argc,argv);
+ argc-=i; argv+=i;
+ if (argc<=0) usage("no input files given");
+ L=luaL_newstate();
+ if (L==NULL) fatal("cannot create state: not enough memory");
+ lua_pushcfunction(L,&pmain);
+ lua_pushinteger(L,argc);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L,argv);
+ if (lua_pcall(L,2,0,0)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ lua_close(L);
+ return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+** print bytecodes
+*/
+
+#define UPVALNAME(x) ((f->upvalues[x].name) ? getstr(f->upvalues[x].name) : "-")
+#define VOID(p) ((const void*)(p))
+#define eventname(i) (getstr(tmname[i]))
+
+static void PrintString(const TString* ts)
+{
+ const char* s=getstr(ts);
+ size_t i,n=tsslen(ts);
+ printf("\"");
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+  int c=(int)(unsigned char)s[i];
+  switch (c)
+  {
+   case '"':
+	printf("\\\"");
+	break;
+   case '\\':
+	printf("\\\\");
+	break;
+   case '\a':
+	printf("\\a");
+	break;
+   case '\b':
+	printf("\\b");
+	break;
+   case '\f':
+	printf("\\f");
+	break;
+   case '\n':
+	printf("\\n");
+	break;
+   case '\r':
+	printf("\\r");
+	break;
+   case '\t':
+	printf("\\t");
+	break;
+   case '\v':
+	printf("\\v");
+	break;
+   default:
+	if (isprint(c)) printf("%c",c); else printf("\\%03d",c);
+	break;
+  }
+ }
+ printf("\"");
+}
+
+static void PrintType(const Proto* f, int i)
+{
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ switch (ttypetag(o))
+ {
+  case LUA_VNIL:
+	printf("N");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VFALSE:
+  case LUA_VTRUE:
+	printf("B");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+	printf("F");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VNUMINT:
+	printf("I");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+  case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+	printf("S");
+	break;
+  default:				/* cannot happen */
+	printf("?%d",ttypetag(o));
+	break;
+ }
+ printf("\t");
+}
+
+static void PrintConstant(const Proto* f, int i)
+{
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ switch (ttypetag(o))
+ {
+  case LUA_VNIL:
+	printf("nil");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VFALSE:
+	printf("false");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VTRUE:
+	printf("true");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+	{
+	char buff[100];
+	sprintf(buff,LUA_NUMBER_FMT,fltvalue(o));
+	printf("%s",buff);
+	if (buff[strspn(buff,"-0123456789")]=='\0') printf(".0");
+	break;
+	}
+  case LUA_VNUMINT:
+	printf(LUA_INTEGER_FMT,ivalue(o));
+	break;
+  case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+  case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+	PrintString(tsvalue(o));
+	break;
+  default:				/* cannot happen */
+	printf("?%d",ttypetag(o));
+	break;
+ }
+}
+
+#define COMMENT		"\t; "
+#define EXTRAARG	GETARG_Ax(code[pc+1])
+#define EXTRAARGC	(EXTRAARG*(MAXARG_C+1))
+#define ISK		(isk ? "k" : "")
+
+static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const Instruction* code=f->code;
+ int pc,n=f->sizecode;
+ for (pc=0; pc<n; pc++)
+ {
+  Instruction i=code[pc];
+  OpCode o=GET_OPCODE(i);
+  int a=GETARG_A(i);
+  int b=GETARG_B(i);
+  int c=GETARG_C(i);
+  int ax=GETARG_Ax(i);
+  int bx=GETARG_Bx(i);
+  int sb=GETARG_sB(i);
+  int sc=GETARG_sC(i);
+  int sbx=GETARG_sBx(i);
+  int isk=GETARG_k(i);
+  int line=luaG_getfuncline(f,pc);
+  printf("\t%d\t",pc+1);
+  if (line>0) printf("[%d]\t",line); else printf("[-]\t");
+  printf("%-9s\t",opnames[o]);
+  switch (o)
+  {
+   case OP_MOVE:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADI:
+	printf("%d %d",a,sbx);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADF:
+	printf("%d %d",a,sbx);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADK:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,bx);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADKX:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,EXTRAARG);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADFALSE:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_LFALSESKIP:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADTRUE:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADNIL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	printf(COMMENT "%d out",b+1);
+	break;
+   case OP_GETUPVAL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",UPVALNAME(b));
+	break;
+   case OP_SETUPVAL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",UPVALNAME(b));
+	break;
+   case OP_GETTABUP:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",UPVALNAME(b));
+	printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_GETTABLE:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_GETI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_GETFIELD:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SETTABUP:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",UPVALNAME(a));
+	printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,b);
+	if (isk) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_SETTABLE:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	if (isk) { printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_SETI:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	if (isk) { printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_SETFIELD:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,b);
+	if (isk) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_NEWTABLE:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "%d",c+EXTRAARGC);
+	break;
+   case OP_SELF:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	if (isk) { printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_ADDI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,sc);
+	break;
+   case OP_ADDK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SUBK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MULK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MODK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_POWK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_DIVK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_IDIVK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BANDK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BORK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BXORK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SHRI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,sc);
+	break;
+   case OP_SHLI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,sc);
+	break;
+   case OP_ADD:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SUB:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MUL:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MOD:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_POW:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_DIV:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_IDIV:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BAND:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BOR:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BXOR:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SHL:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SHR:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MMBIN:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",eventname(c));
+	break;
+   case OP_MMBINI:
+	printf("%d %d %d %d",a,sb,c,isk);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",eventname(c));
+	if (isk) printf(" flip");
+	break;
+   case OP_MMBINK:
+	printf("%d %d %d %d",a,b,c,isk);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s ",eventname(c)); PrintConstant(f,b);
+	if (isk) printf(" flip");
+	break;
+   case OP_UNM:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_BNOT:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_NOT:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_LEN:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_CONCAT:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_CLOSE:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_TBC:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_JMP:
+	printf("%d",GETARG_sJ(i));
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",GETARG_sJ(i)+pc+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_EQ:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_LT:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_LE:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_EQK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_EQI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_LTI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_LEI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_GTI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_GEI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_TEST:
+	printf("%d %d",a,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_TESTSET:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_CALL:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT);
+	if (b==0) printf("all in "); else printf("%d in ",b-1);
+	if (c==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",c-1);
+	break;
+   case OP_TAILCALL:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	printf(COMMENT "%d in",b-1);
+	break;
+   case OP_RETURN:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	printf(COMMENT);
+	if (b==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",b-1);
+	break;
+   case OP_RETURN0:
+	break;
+   case OP_RETURN1:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_FORLOOP:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc-bx+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_FORPREP:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "exit to %d",pc+bx+3);
+	break;
+   case OP_TFORPREP:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc+bx+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_TFORCALL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_TFORLOOP:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc-bx+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_SETLIST:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	if (isk) printf(COMMENT "%d",c+EXTRAARGC);
+	break;
+   case OP_CLOSURE:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "%p",VOID(f->p[bx]));
+	break;
+   case OP_VARARG:
+	printf("%d %d",a,c);
+	printf(COMMENT);
+	if (c==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",c-1);
+	break;
+   case OP_VARARGPREP:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_EXTRAARG:
+	printf("%d",ax);
+	break;
+#if 0
+   default:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "not handled");
+	break;
+#endif
+  }
+  printf("\n");
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define SS(x)	((x==1)?"":"s")
+#define S(x)	(int)(x),SS(x)
+
+static void PrintHeader(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const char* s=f->source ? getstr(f->source) : "=?";
+ if (*s=='@' || *s=='=')
+  s++;
+ else if (*s==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+  s="(bstring)";
+ else
+  s="(string)";
+ printf("\n%s <%s:%d,%d> (%d instruction%s at %p)\n",
+	(f->linedefined==0)?"main":"function",s,
+	f->linedefined,f->lastlinedefined,
+	S(f->sizecode),VOID(f));
+ printf("%d%s param%s, %d slot%s, %d upvalue%s, ",
+	(int)(f->numparams),f->is_vararg?"+":"",SS(f->numparams),
+	S(f->maxstacksize),S(f->sizeupvalues));
+ printf("%d local%s, %d constant%s, %d function%s\n",
+	S(f->sizelocvars),S(f->sizek),S(f->sizep));
+}
+
+static void PrintDebug(const Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=f->sizek;
+ printf("constants (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+  printf("\t%d\t",i);
+  PrintType(f,i);
+  PrintConstant(f,i);
+  printf("\n");
+ }
+ n=f->sizelocvars;
+ printf("locals (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+  printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+  i,getstr(f->locvars[i].varname),f->locvars[i].startpc+1,f->locvars[i].endpc+1);
+ }
+ n=f->sizeupvalues;
+ printf("upvalues (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+  printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+  i,UPVALNAME(i),f->upvalues[i].instack,f->upvalues[i].idx);
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizep;
+ PrintHeader(f);
+ PrintCode(f);
+ if (full) PrintDebug(f);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) PrintFunction(f->p[i],full);
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/luaconf.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/luaconf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..433df49295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/luaconf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
+/*
+** $Id: luaconf.h $
+** Configuration file for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef luaconf_h
+#define luaconf_h
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+/*
+** ===================================================================
+** General Configuration File for Lua
+**
+** Some definitions here can be changed externally, through the compiler
+** (e.g., with '-D' options): They are commented out or protected
+** by '#if !defined' guards. However, several other definitions
+** should be changed directly here, either because they affect the
+** Lua ABI (by making the changes here, you ensure that all software
+** connected to Lua, such as C libraries, will be compiled with the same
+** configuration); or because they are seldom changed.
+**
+** Search for "@@" to find all configurable definitions.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** {====================================================================
+** System Configuration: macros to adapt (if needed) Lua to some
+** particular platform, for instance restricting it to C89.
+** =====================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_USE_C89 controls the use of non-ISO-C89 features.
+** Define it if you want Lua to avoid the use of a few C99 features
+** or Windows-specific features on Windows.
+*/
+/* #define LUA_USE_C89 */
+
+
+/*
+** By default, Lua on Windows use (some) specific Windows features
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE) &&!defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
+#define LUA_USE_WINDOWS  /* enable goodies for regular Windows */
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
+#define LUA_DL_DLL	/* enable support for DLL */
+#define LUA_USE_C89	/* broadly, Windows is C89 */
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_LINUX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN		/* needs an extra library: -ldl */
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MACOSX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN		/* MacOS does not need -ldl */
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_IOS)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_IS32INT is true iff 'int' has (at least) 32 bits.
+*/
+#define LUAI_IS32INT	((UINT_MAX >> 30) >= 3)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for Number types. These options should not be
+** set externally, because any other code connected to Lua must
+** use the same configuration.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_INT_TYPE defines the type for Lua integers.
+@@ LUA_FLOAT_TYPE defines the type for Lua floats.
+** Lua should work fine with any mix of these options supported
+** by your C compiler. The usual configurations are 64-bit integers
+** and 'double' (the default), 32-bit integers and 'float' (for
+** restricted platforms), and 'long'/'double' (for C compilers not
+** compliant with C99, which may not have support for 'long long').
+*/
+
+/* predefined options for LUA_INT_TYPE */
+#define LUA_INT_INT		1
+#define LUA_INT_LONG		2
+#define LUA_INT_LONGLONG	3
+
+/* predefined options for LUA_FLOAT_TYPE */
+#define LUA_FLOAT_FLOAT		1
+#define LUA_FLOAT_DOUBLE	2
+#define LUA_FLOAT_LONGDOUBLE	3
+
+
+/* Default configuration ('long long' and 'double', for 64-bit Lua) */
+#define LUA_INT_DEFAULT		LUA_INT_LONGLONG
+#define LUA_FLOAT_DEFAULT	LUA_FLOAT_DOUBLE
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_32BITS enables Lua with 32-bit integers and 32-bit floats.
+*/
+#define LUA_32BITS	0
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_C89_NUMBERS ensures that Lua uses the largest types available for
+** C89 ('long' and 'double'); Windows always has '__int64', so it does
+** not need to use this case.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_C89) && !defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
+#define LUA_C89_NUMBERS		1
+#else
+#define LUA_C89_NUMBERS		0
+#endif
+
+
+#if LUA_32BITS		/* { */
+/*
+** 32-bit integers and 'float'
+*/
+#if LUAI_IS32INT  /* use 'int' if big enough */
+#define LUA_INT_TYPE	LUA_INT_INT
+#else  /* otherwise use 'long' */
+#define LUA_INT_TYPE	LUA_INT_LONG
+#endif
+#define LUA_FLOAT_TYPE	LUA_FLOAT_FLOAT
+
+#elif LUA_C89_NUMBERS	/* }{ */
+/*
+** largest types available for C89 ('long' and 'double')
+*/
+#define LUA_INT_TYPE	LUA_INT_LONG
+#define LUA_FLOAT_TYPE	LUA_FLOAT_DOUBLE
+
+#else		/* }{ */
+/* use defaults */
+
+#define LUA_INT_TYPE	LUA_INT_DEFAULT
+#define LUA_FLOAT_TYPE	LUA_FLOAT_DEFAULT
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for Paths.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUA_PATH_SEP is the character that separates templates in a path.
+** LUA_PATH_MARK is the string that marks the substitution points in a
+** template.
+** LUA_EXEC_DIR in a Windows path is replaced by the executable's
+** directory.
+*/
+#define LUA_PATH_SEP            ";"
+#define LUA_PATH_MARK           "?"
+#define LUA_EXEC_DIR            "!"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+** Lua libraries.
+@@ LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+** C libraries.
+** CHANGE them if your machine has a non-conventional directory
+** hierarchy or if you want to install your libraries in
+** non-conventional directories.
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VDIR	LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+#if defined(_WIN32)	/* { */
+/*
+** In Windows, any exclamation mark ('!') in the path is replaced by the
+** path of the directory of the executable file of the current process.
+*/
+#define LUA_LDIR	"!\\lua\\"
+#define LUA_CDIR	"!\\"
+#define LUA_SHRDIR	"!\\..\\share\\lua\\" LUA_VDIR "\\"
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH_DEFAULT)
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT  \
+		LUA_LDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_LDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		LUA_CDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_CDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		LUA_SHRDIR"?.lua;" LUA_SHRDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		".\\?.lua;" ".\\?\\init.lua"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT)
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+		LUA_CDIR"?.dll;" \
+		LUA_CDIR"..\\lib\\lua\\" LUA_VDIR "\\?.dll;" \
+		LUA_CDIR"loadall.dll;" ".\\?.dll"
+#endif
+
+#else			/* }{ */
+
+#define LUA_ROOT	"/usr/local/"
+#define LUA_LDIR	LUA_ROOT "share/lua/" LUA_VDIR "/"
+#define LUA_CDIR	LUA_ROOT "lib/lua/" LUA_VDIR "/"
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH_DEFAULT)
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT  \
+		LUA_LDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_LDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+		LUA_CDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_CDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+		"./?.lua;" "./?/init.lua"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT)
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+		LUA_CDIR"?.so;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.so;" "./?.so"
+#endif
+
+#endif			/* } */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_DIRSEP is the directory separator (for submodules).
+** CHANGE it if your machine does not use "/" as the directory separator
+** and is not Windows. (On Windows Lua automatically uses "\".)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_DIRSEP)
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define LUA_DIRSEP	"\\"
+#else
+#define LUA_DIRSEP	"/"
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Marks for exported symbols in the C code
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_API is a mark for all core API functions.
+@@ LUALIB_API is a mark for all auxiliary library functions.
+@@ LUAMOD_API is a mark for all standard library opening functions.
+** CHANGE them if you need to define those functions in some special way.
+** For instance, if you want to create one Windows DLL with the core and
+** the libraries, you may want to use the following definition (define
+** LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL to get it).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB)	/* { */
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else						/* }{ */
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif						/* } */
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#define LUA_API		extern
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** More often than not the libs go together with the core.
+*/
+#define LUALIB_API	LUA_API
+#define LUAMOD_API	LUA_API
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be
+** exported to outside modules.
+@@ LUAI_DDEF and LUAI_DDEC are marks for all extern (const) variables,
+** none of which to be exported to outside modules (LUAI_DDEF for
+** definitions and LUAI_DDEC for declarations).
+** CHANGE them if you need to mark them in some special way. Elf/gcc
+** (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to optimize access
+** when Lua is compiled as a shared library. Not all elf targets support
+** this attribute. Unfortunately, gcc does not offer a way to check
+** whether the target offers that support, and those without support
+** give a warning about it. To avoid these warnings, change to the
+** default definition.
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \
+    defined(__ELF__)		/* { */
+#define LUAI_FUNC	__attribute__((visibility("internal"))) extern
+#else				/* }{ */
+#define LUAI_FUNC	extern
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#define LUAI_DDEC(dec)	LUAI_FUNC dec
+#define LUAI_DDEF	/* empty */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Compatibility with previous versions
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_5_3 controls other macros for compatibility with Lua 5.3.
+** You can define it to get all options, or change specific options
+** to fit your specific needs.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_5_3)	/* { */
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB controls the presence of several deprecated
+** functions in the mathematical library.
+** (These functions were already officially removed in 5.3;
+** nevertheless they are still available here.)
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS controls the presence of macros for
+** manipulating other integer types (lua_pushunsigned, lua_tounsigned,
+** luaL_checkint, luaL_checklong, etc.)
+** (These macros were also officially removed in 5.3, but they are still
+** available here.)
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE controls the emulation of the '__le' metamethod
+** using '__lt'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE
+
+
+/*
+@@ The following macros supply trivial compatibility for some
+** changes in the API. The macros themselves document how to
+** change your code to avoid using them.
+** (Once more, these macros were officially removed in 5.3, but they are
+** still available here.)
+*/
+#define lua_strlen(L,i)		lua_rawlen(L, (i))
+
+#define lua_objlen(L,i)		lua_rawlen(L, (i))
+
+#define lua_equal(L,idx1,idx2)		lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPEQ)
+#define lua_lessthan(L,idx1,idx2)	lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPLT)
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for Numbers (low-level part).
+** Change these definitions if no predefined LUA_FLOAT_* / LUA_INT_*
+** satisfy your needs.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_UACNUMBER is the result of a 'default argument promotion'
+@@ over a floating number.
+@@ l_floatatt(x) corrects float attribute 'x' to the proper float type
+** by prefixing it with one of FLT/DBL/LDBL.
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN is the length modifier for writing floats.
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing floats.
+@@ lua_number2str converts a float to a string.
+@@ l_mathop allows the addition of an 'l' or 'f' to all math operations.
+@@ l_floor takes the floor of a float.
+@@ lua_str2number converts a decimal numeral to a number.
+*/
+
+
+/* The following definitions are good for most cases here */
+
+#define l_floor(x)		(l_mathop(floor)(x))
+
+#define lua_number2str(s,sz,n)  \
+	l_sprintf((s), sz, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)(n))
+
+/*
+@@ lua_numbertointeger converts a float number with an integral value
+** to an integer, or returns 0 if float is not within the range of
+** a lua_Integer.  (The range comparisons are tricky because of
+** rounding. The tests here assume a two-complement representation,
+** where MININTEGER always has an exact representation as a float;
+** MAXINTEGER may not have one, and therefore its conversion to float
+** may have an ill-defined value.)
+*/
+#define lua_numbertointeger(n,p) \
+  ((n) >= (LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
+   (n) < -(LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
+      (*(p) = (LUA_INTEGER)(n), 1))
+
+
+/* now the variable definitions */
+
+#if LUA_FLOAT_TYPE == LUA_FLOAT_FLOAT		/* { single float */
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER	float
+
+#define l_floatatt(n)		(FLT_##n)
+
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER	double
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	""
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.7g"
+
+#define l_mathop(op)		op##f
+
+#define lua_str2number(s,p)	strtof((s), (p))
+
+
+#elif LUA_FLOAT_TYPE == LUA_FLOAT_LONGDOUBLE	/* }{ long double */
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER	long double
+
+#define l_floatatt(n)		(LDBL_##n)
+
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER	long double
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	"L"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.19Lg"
+
+#define l_mathop(op)		op##l
+
+#define lua_str2number(s,p)	strtold((s), (p))
+
+#elif LUA_FLOAT_TYPE == LUA_FLOAT_DOUBLE	/* }{ double */
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER	double
+
+#define l_floatatt(n)		(DBL_##n)
+
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER	double
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	""
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.14g"
+
+#define l_mathop(op)		op
+
+#define lua_str2number(s,p)	strtod((s), (p))
+
+#else						/* }{ */
+
+#error "numeric float type not defined"
+
+#endif					/* } */
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_UNSIGNED is the unsigned version of LUA_INTEGER.
+@@ LUAI_UACINT is the result of a 'default argument promotion'
+@@ over a LUA_INTEGER.
+@@ LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN is the length modifier for reading/writing integers.
+@@ LUA_INTEGER_FMT is the format for writing integers.
+@@ LUA_MAXINTEGER is the maximum value for a LUA_INTEGER.
+@@ LUA_MININTEGER is the minimum value for a LUA_INTEGER.
+@@ LUA_MAXUNSIGNED is the maximum value for a LUA_UNSIGNED.
+@@ lua_integer2str converts an integer to a string.
+*/
+
+
+/* The following definitions are good for most cases here */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FMT		"%" LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN "d"
+
+#define LUAI_UACINT		LUA_INTEGER
+
+#define lua_integer2str(s,sz,n)  \
+	l_sprintf((s), sz, LUA_INTEGER_FMT, (LUAI_UACINT)(n))
+
+/*
+** use LUAI_UACINT here to avoid problems with promotions (which
+** can turn a comparison between unsigneds into a signed comparison)
+*/
+#define LUA_UNSIGNED		unsigned LUAI_UACINT
+
+
+/* now the variable definitions */
+
+#if LUA_INT_TYPE == LUA_INT_INT		/* { int */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER		int
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN	""
+
+#define LUA_MAXINTEGER		INT_MAX
+#define LUA_MININTEGER		INT_MIN
+
+#define LUA_MAXUNSIGNED		UINT_MAX
+
+#elif LUA_INT_TYPE == LUA_INT_LONG	/* }{ long */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER		long
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN	"l"
+
+#define LUA_MAXINTEGER		LONG_MAX
+#define LUA_MININTEGER		LONG_MIN
+
+#define LUA_MAXUNSIGNED		ULONG_MAX
+
+#elif LUA_INT_TYPE == LUA_INT_LONGLONG	/* }{ long long */
+
+/* use presence of macro LLONG_MAX as proxy for C99 compliance */
+#if defined(LLONG_MAX)		/* { */
+/* use ISO C99 stuff */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER		long long
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN	"ll"
+
+#define LUA_MAXINTEGER		LLONG_MAX
+#define LUA_MININTEGER		LLONG_MIN
+
+#define LUA_MAXUNSIGNED		ULLONG_MAX
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS) /* }{ */
+/* in Windows, can use specific Windows types */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER		__int64
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN	"I64"
+
+#define LUA_MAXINTEGER		_I64_MAX
+#define LUA_MININTEGER		_I64_MIN
+
+#define LUA_MAXUNSIGNED		_UI64_MAX
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#error "Compiler does not support 'long long'. Use option '-DLUA_32BITS' \
+  or '-DLUA_C89_NUMBERS' (see file 'luaconf.h' for details)"
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#error "numeric integer type not defined"
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Dependencies with C99 and other C details
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ l_sprintf is equivalent to 'snprintf' or 'sprintf' in C89.
+** (All uses in Lua have only one format item.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define l_sprintf(s,sz,f,i)	snprintf(s,sz,f,i)
+#else
+#define l_sprintf(s,sz,f,i)	((void)(sz), sprintf(s,f,i))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_strx2number converts a hexadecimal numeral to a number.
+** In C99, 'strtod' does that conversion. Otherwise, you can
+** leave 'lua_strx2number' undefined and Lua will provide its own
+** implementation.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define lua_strx2number(s,p)		lua_str2number(s,p)
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_pointer2str converts a pointer to a readable string in a
+** non-specified way.
+*/
+#define lua_pointer2str(buff,sz,p)	l_sprintf(buff,sz,"%p",p)
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_number2strx converts a float to a hexadecimal numeral.
+** In C99, 'sprintf' (with format specifiers '%a'/'%A') does that.
+** Otherwise, you can leave 'lua_number2strx' undefined and Lua will
+** provide its own implementation.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define lua_number2strx(L,b,sz,f,n)  \
+	((void)L, l_sprintf(b,sz,f,(LUAI_UACNUMBER)(n)))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** 'strtof' and 'opf' variants for math functions are not valid in
+** C89. Otherwise, the macro 'HUGE_VALF' is a good proxy for testing the
+** availability of these variants. ('math.h' is already included in
+** all files that use these macros.)
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_C89) || (defined(HUGE_VAL) && !defined(HUGE_VALF))
+#undef l_mathop  /* variants not available */
+#undef lua_str2number
+#define l_mathop(op)		(lua_Number)op  /* no variant */
+#define lua_str2number(s,p)	((lua_Number)strtod((s), (p)))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_KCONTEXT is the type of the context ('ctx') for continuation
+** functions.  It must be a numerical type; Lua will use 'intptr_t' if
+** available, otherwise it will use 'ptrdiff_t' (the nearest thing to
+** 'intptr_t' in C89)
+*/
+#define LUA_KCONTEXT	ptrdiff_t
+
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && \
+    __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+#include <stdint.h>
+#if defined(INTPTR_MAX)  /* even in C99 this type is optional */
+#undef LUA_KCONTEXT
+#define LUA_KCONTEXT	intptr_t
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_getlocaledecpoint gets the locale "radix character" (decimal point).
+** Change that if you do not want to use C locales. (Code using this
+** macro must include the header 'locale.h'.)
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_getlocaledecpoint)
+#define lua_getlocaledecpoint()		(localeconv()->decimal_point[0])
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** macros to improve jump prediction, used mostly for error handling
+** and debug facilities. (Some macros in the Lua API use these macros.
+** Define LUA_NOBUILTIN if you do not want '__builtin_expect' in your
+** code.)
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_likely)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(LUA_NOBUILTIN)
+#define luai_likely(x)		(__builtin_expect(((x) != 0), 1))
+#define luai_unlikely(x)	(__builtin_expect(((x) != 0), 0))
+#else
+#define luai_likely(x)		(x)
+#define luai_unlikely(x)	(x)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB)
+/* shorter names for Lua's own use */
+#define l_likely(x)	luai_likely(x)
+#define l_unlikely(x)	luai_unlikely(x)
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Language Variations
+** =====================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_NOCVTN2S/LUA_NOCVTS2N control how Lua performs some
+** coercions. Define LUA_NOCVTN2S to turn off automatic coercion from
+** numbers to strings. Define LUA_NOCVTS2N to turn off automatic
+** coercion from strings to numbers.
+*/
+/* #define LUA_NOCVTN2S */
+/* #define LUA_NOCVTS2N */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_USE_APICHECK turns on several consistency checks on the C API.
+** Define it as a help when debugging C code.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+#include <assert.h>
+#define luai_apicheck(l,e)	assert(e)
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Macros that affect the API and must be stable (that is, must be the
+** same when you compile Lua and when you compile code that links to
+** Lua).
+** =====================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXSTACK limits the size of the Lua stack.
+** CHANGE it if you need a different limit. This limit is arbitrary;
+** its only purpose is to stop Lua from consuming unlimited stack
+** space (and to reserve some numbers for pseudo-indices).
+** (It must fit into max(size_t)/32 and max(int)/2.)
+*/
+#if LUAI_IS32INT
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK		1000000
+#else
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK		15000
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_EXTRASPACE defines the size of a raw memory area associated with
+** a Lua state with very fast access.
+** CHANGE it if you need a different size.
+*/
+#define LUA_EXTRASPACE		(sizeof(void *))
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_IDSIZE gives the maximum size for the description of the source
+** of a function in debug information.
+** CHANGE it if you want a different size.
+*/
+#define LUA_IDSIZE	60
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAL_BUFFERSIZE is the initial buffer size used by the lauxlib
+** buffer system.
+*/
+#define LUAL_BUFFERSIZE   ((int)(16 * sizeof(void*) * sizeof(lua_Number)))
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXALIGN defines fields that, when used in a union, ensure
+** maximum alignment for the other items in that union.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXALIGN  lua_Number n; double u; void *s; lua_Integer i; long l
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+
+
+/* =================================================================== */
+
+/*
+** Local configuration. You can use this space to add your redefinitions
+** without modifying the main part of the file.
+*/
+
+
+
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lualib.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lualib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2625529076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lualib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lualib.h $
+** Lua standard libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lualib_h
+#define lualib_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* version suffix for environment variable names */
+#define LUA_VERSUFFIX          "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_COLIBNAME	"coroutine"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_TABLIBNAME	"table"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_IOLIBNAME	"io"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_OSLIBNAME	"os"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_STRLIBNAME	"string"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_UTF8LIBNAME	"utf8"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_utf8) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME	"math"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_DBLIBNAME	"debug"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_LOADLIBNAME	"package"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/* open all previous libraries */
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lundump.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lundump.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02aed64fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lundump.c
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.c $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lundump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(luai_verifycode)
+#define luai_verifycode(L,f)  /* empty */
+#endif
+
+
+typedef struct {
+  lua_State *L;
+  ZIO *Z;
+  const char *name;
+} LoadState;
+
+
+static l_noret error (LoadState *S, const char *why) {
+  luaO_pushfstring(S->L, "%s: bad binary format (%s)", S->name, why);
+  luaD_throw(S->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** All high-level loads go through loadVector; you can change it to
+** adapt to the endianness of the input
+*/
+#define loadVector(S,b,n)	loadBlock(S,b,(n)*sizeof((b)[0]))
+
+static void loadBlock (LoadState *S, void *b, size_t size) {
+  if (luaZ_read(S->Z, b, size) != 0)
+    error(S, "truncated chunk");
+}
+
+
+#define loadVar(S,x)		loadVector(S,&x,1)
+
+
+static lu_byte loadByte (LoadState *S) {
+  int b = zgetc(S->Z);
+  if (b == EOZ)
+    error(S, "truncated chunk");
+  return cast_byte(b);
+}
+
+
+static size_t loadUnsigned (LoadState *S, size_t limit) {
+  size_t x = 0;
+  int b;
+  limit >>= 7;
+  do {
+    b = loadByte(S);
+    if (x >= limit)
+      error(S, "integer overflow");
+    x = (x << 7) | (b & 0x7f);
+  } while ((b & 0x80) == 0);
+  return x;
+}
+
+
+static size_t loadSize (LoadState *S) {
+  return loadUnsigned(S, ~(size_t)0);
+}
+
+
+static int loadInt (LoadState *S) {
+  return cast_int(loadUnsigned(S, INT_MAX));
+}
+
+
+static lua_Number loadNumber (LoadState *S) {
+  lua_Number x;
+  loadVar(S, x);
+  return x;
+}
+
+
+static lua_Integer loadInteger (LoadState *S) {
+  lua_Integer x;
+  loadVar(S, x);
+  return x;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load a nullable string into prototype 'p'.
+*/
+static TString *loadStringN (LoadState *S, Proto *p) {
+  lua_State *L = S->L;
+  TString *ts;
+  size_t size = loadSize(S);
+  if (size == 0)  /* no string? */
+    return NULL;
+  else if (--size <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN) {  /* short string? */
+    char buff[LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN];
+    loadVector(S, buff, size);  /* load string into buffer */
+    ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff, size);  /* create string */
+  }
+  else {  /* long string */
+    ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, size);  /* create string */
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top.p, ts);  /* anchor it ('loadVector' can GC) */
+    luaD_inctop(L);
+    loadVector(S, getstr(ts), size);  /* load directly in final place */
+    L->top.p--;  /* pop string */
+  }
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load a non-nullable string into prototype 'p'.
+*/
+static TString *loadString (LoadState *S, Proto *p) {
+  TString *st = loadStringN(S, p);
+  if (st == NULL)
+    error(S, "bad format for constant string");
+  return st;
+}
+
+
+static void loadCode (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->code = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Instruction);
+  f->sizecode = n;
+  loadVector(S, f->code, n);
+}
+
+
+static void loadFunction(LoadState *S, Proto *f, TString *psource);
+
+
+static void loadConstants (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->k = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, TValue);
+  f->sizek = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    setnilvalue(&f->k[i]);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    TValue *o = &f->k[i];
+    int t = loadByte(S);
+    switch (t) {
+      case LUA_VNIL:
+        setnilvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VFALSE:
+        setbfvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VTRUE:
+        setbtvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+        setfltvalue(o, loadNumber(S));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMINT:
+        setivalue(o, loadInteger(S));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+      case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+        setsvalue2n(S->L, o, loadString(S, f));
+        break;
+      default: lua_assert(0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void loadProtos (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->p = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Proto *);
+  f->sizep = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    f->p[i] = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    f->p[i] = luaF_newproto(S->L);
+    luaC_objbarrier(S->L, f, f->p[i]);
+    loadFunction(S, f->p[i], f->source);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load the upvalues for a function. The names must be filled first,
+** because the filling of the other fields can raise read errors and
+** the creation of the error message can call an emergency collection;
+** in that case all prototypes must be consistent for the GC.
+*/
+static void loadUpvalues (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i, n;
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->upvalues = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Upvaldesc);
+  f->sizeupvalues = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)  /* make array valid for GC */
+    f->upvalues[i].name = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {  /* following calls can raise errors */
+    f->upvalues[i].instack = loadByte(S);
+    f->upvalues[i].idx = loadByte(S);
+    f->upvalues[i].kind = loadByte(S);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void loadDebug (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i, n;
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->lineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, ls_byte);
+  f->sizelineinfo = n;
+  loadVector(S, f->lineinfo, n);
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->abslineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, AbsLineInfo);
+  f->sizeabslineinfo = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    f->abslineinfo[i].pc = loadInt(S);
+    f->abslineinfo[i].line = loadInt(S);
+  }
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->locvars = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, LocVar);
+  f->sizelocvars = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    f->locvars[i].varname = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    f->locvars[i].varname = loadStringN(S, f);
+    f->locvars[i].startpc = loadInt(S);
+    f->locvars[i].endpc = loadInt(S);
+  }
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  if (n != 0)  /* does it have debug information? */
+    n = f->sizeupvalues;  /* must be this many */
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    f->upvalues[i].name = loadStringN(S, f);
+}
+
+
+static void loadFunction (LoadState *S, Proto *f, TString *psource) {
+  f->source = loadStringN(S, f);
+  if (f->source == NULL)  /* no source in dump? */
+    f->source = psource;  /* reuse parent's source */
+  f->linedefined = loadInt(S);
+  f->lastlinedefined = loadInt(S);
+  f->numparams = loadByte(S);
+  f->is_vararg = loadByte(S);
+  f->maxstacksize = loadByte(S);
+  loadCode(S, f);
+  loadConstants(S, f);
+  loadUpvalues(S, f);
+  loadProtos(S, f);
+  loadDebug(S, f);
+}
+
+
+static void checkliteral (LoadState *S, const char *s, const char *msg) {
+  char buff[sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE) + sizeof(LUAC_DATA)]; /* larger than both */
+  size_t len = strlen(s);
+  loadVector(S, buff, len);
+  if (memcmp(s, buff, len) != 0)
+    error(S, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void fchecksize (LoadState *S, size_t size, const char *tname) {
+  if (loadByte(S) != size)
+    error(S, luaO_pushfstring(S->L, "%s size mismatch", tname));
+}
+
+
+#define checksize(S,t)	fchecksize(S,sizeof(t),#t)
+
+static void checkHeader (LoadState *S) {
+  /* skip 1st char (already read and checked) */
+  checkliteral(S, &LUA_SIGNATURE[1], "not a binary chunk");
+  if (loadByte(S) != LUAC_VERSION)
+    error(S, "version mismatch");
+  if (loadByte(S) != LUAC_FORMAT)
+    error(S, "format mismatch");
+  checkliteral(S, LUAC_DATA, "corrupted chunk");
+  checksize(S, Instruction);
+  checksize(S, lua_Integer);
+  checksize(S, lua_Number);
+  if (loadInteger(S) != LUAC_INT)
+    error(S, "integer format mismatch");
+  if (loadNumber(S) != LUAC_NUM)
+    error(S, "float format mismatch");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load precompiled chunk.
+*/
+LClosure *luaU_undump(lua_State *L, ZIO *Z, const char *name) {
+  LoadState S;
+  LClosure *cl;
+  if (*name == '@' || *name == '=')
+    S.name = name + 1;
+  else if (*name == LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+    S.name = "binary string";
+  else
+    S.name = name;
+  S.L = L;
+  S.Z = Z;
+  checkHeader(&S);
+  cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, loadByte(&S));
+  setclLvalue2s(L, L->top.p, cl);
+  luaD_inctop(L);
+  cl->p = luaF_newproto(L);
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, cl->p);
+  loadFunction(&S, cl->p, NULL);
+  lua_assert(cl->nupvalues == cl->p->sizeupvalues);
+  luai_verifycode(L, cl->p);
+  return cl;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lundump.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lundump.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3748a9980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lundump.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.h $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lundump_h
+#define lundump_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/* data to catch conversion errors */
+#define LUAC_DATA	"\x19\x93\r\n\x1a\n"
+
+#define LUAC_INT	0x5678
+#define LUAC_NUM	cast_num(370.5)
+
+/*
+** Encode major-minor version in one byte, one nibble for each
+*/
+#define MYINT(s)	(s[0]-'0')  /* assume one-digit numerals */
+#define LUAC_VERSION	(MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR)*16+MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MINOR))
+
+#define LUAC_FORMAT	0	/* this is the official format */
+
+/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, const char* name);
+
+/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w,
+                         void* data, int strip);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lutf8lib.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lutf8lib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a5b9bc38a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lutf8lib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lutf8lib.c $
+** Standard library for UTF-8 manipulation
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lutf8lib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#define MAXUNICODE	0x10FFFFu
+
+#define MAXUTF		0x7FFFFFFFu
+
+
+#define MSGInvalid	"invalid UTF-8 code"
+
+/*
+** Integer type for decoded UTF-8 values; MAXUTF needs 31 bits.
+*/
+#if (UINT_MAX >> 30) >= 1
+typedef unsigned int utfint;
+#else
+typedef unsigned long utfint;
+#endif
+
+
+#define iscont(c)	(((c) & 0xC0) == 0x80)
+#define iscontp(p)	iscont(*(p))
+
+
+/* from strlib */
+/* translate a relative string position: negative means back from end */
+static lua_Integer u_posrelat (lua_Integer pos, size_t len) {
+  if (pos >= 0) return pos;
+  else if (0u - (size_t)pos > len) return 0;
+  else return (lua_Integer)len + pos + 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Decode one UTF-8 sequence, returning NULL if byte sequence is
+** invalid.  The array 'limits' stores the minimum value for each
+** sequence length, to check for overlong representations. Its first
+** entry forces an error for non-ascii bytes with no continuation
+** bytes (count == 0).
+*/
+static const char *utf8_decode (const char *s, utfint *val, int strict) {
+  static const utfint limits[] =
+        {~(utfint)0, 0x80, 0x800, 0x10000u, 0x200000u, 0x4000000u};
+  unsigned int c = (unsigned char)s[0];
+  utfint res = 0;  /* final result */
+  if (c < 0x80)  /* ascii? */
+    res = c;
+  else {
+    int count = 0;  /* to count number of continuation bytes */
+    for (; c & 0x40; c <<= 1) {  /* while it needs continuation bytes... */
+      unsigned int cc = (unsigned char)s[++count];  /* read next byte */
+      if (!iscont(cc))  /* not a continuation byte? */
+        return NULL;  /* invalid byte sequence */
+      res = (res << 6) | (cc & 0x3F);  /* add lower 6 bits from cont. byte */
+    }
+    res |= ((utfint)(c & 0x7F) << (count * 5));  /* add first byte */
+    if (count > 5 || res > MAXUTF || res < limits[count])
+      return NULL;  /* invalid byte sequence */
+    s += count;  /* skip continuation bytes read */
+  }
+  if (strict) {
+    /* check for invalid code points; too large or surrogates */
+    if (res > MAXUNICODE || (0xD800u <= res && res <= 0xDFFFu))
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  if (val) *val = res;
+  return s + 1;  /* +1 to include first byte */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** utf8len(s [, i [, j [, lax]]]) --> number of characters that
+** start in the range [i,j], or nil + current position if 's' is not
+** well formed in that interval
+*/
+static int utflen (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer n = 0;  /* counter for the number of characters */
+  size_t len;  /* string length in bytes */
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), len);
+  lua_Integer posj = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1), len);
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 4);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= posi && --posi <= (lua_Integer)len, 2,
+                   "initial position out of bounds");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, --posj < (lua_Integer)len, 3,
+                   "final position out of bounds");
+  while (posi <= posj) {
+    const char *s1 = utf8_decode(s + posi, NULL, !lax);
+    if (s1 == NULL) {  /* conversion error? */
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* return fail ... */
+      lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);  /* ... and current position */
+      return 2;
+    }
+    posi = s1 - s;
+    n++;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** codepoint(s, [i, [j [, lax]]]) -> returns codepoints for all
+** characters that start in the range [i,j]
+*/
+static int codepoint (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), len);
+  lua_Integer pose = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), len);
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 4);
+  int n;
+  const char *se;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, posi >= 1, 2, "out of bounds");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, pose <= (lua_Integer)len, 3, "out of bounds");
+  if (posi > pose) return 0;  /* empty interval; return no values */
+  if (pose - posi >= INT_MAX)  /* (lua_Integer -> int) overflow? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");
+  n = (int)(pose -  posi) + 1;  /* upper bound for number of returns */
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
+  n = 0;  /* count the number of returns */
+  se = s + pose;  /* string end */
+  for (s += posi - 1; s < se;) {
+    utfint code;
+    s = utf8_decode(s, &code, !lax);
+    if (s == NULL)
+      return luaL_error(L, MSGInvalid);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, code);
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static void pushutfchar (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  lua_Unsigned code = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, code <= MAXUTF, arg, "value out of range");
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "%U", (long)code);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** utfchar(n1, n2, ...)  -> char(n1)..char(n2)...
+*/
+static int utfchar (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  if (n == 1)  /* optimize common case of single char */
+    pushutfchar(L, 1);
+  else {
+    int i;
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+      pushutfchar(L, i);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** offset(s, n, [i])  -> index where n-th character counting from
+**   position 'i' starts; 0 means character at 'i'.
+*/
+static int byteoffset (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer n  = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_Integer posi = (n >= 0) ? 1 : len + 1;
+  posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), len);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= posi && --posi <= (lua_Integer)len, 3,
+                   "position out of bounds");
+  if (n == 0) {
+    /* find beginning of current byte sequence */
+    while (posi > 0 && iscontp(s + posi)) posi--;
+  }
+  else {
+    if (iscontp(s + posi))
+      return luaL_error(L, "initial position is a continuation byte");
+    if (n < 0) {
+       while (n < 0 && posi > 0) {  /* move back */
+         do {  /* find beginning of previous character */
+           posi--;
+         } while (posi > 0 && iscontp(s + posi));
+         n++;
+       }
+     }
+     else {
+       n--;  /* do not move for 1st character */
+       while (n > 0 && posi < (lua_Integer)len) {
+         do {  /* find beginning of next character */
+           posi++;
+         } while (iscontp(s + posi));  /* (cannot pass final '\0') */
+         n--;
+       }
+     }
+  }
+  if (n == 0)  /* did it find given character? */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);
+  else  /* no such character */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int iter_aux (lua_State *L, int strict) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Unsigned n = (lua_Unsigned)lua_tointeger(L, 2);
+  if (n < len) {
+    while (iscontp(s + n)) n++;  /* go to next character */
+  }
+  if (n >= len)  /* (also handles original 'n' being negative) */
+    return 0;  /* no more codepoints */
+  else {
+    utfint code;
+    const char *next = utf8_decode(s + n, &code, strict);
+    if (next == NULL || iscontp(next))
+      return luaL_error(L, MSGInvalid);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n + 1);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, code);
+    return 2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int iter_auxstrict (lua_State *L) {
+  return iter_aux(L, 1);
+}
+
+static int iter_auxlax (lua_State *L) {
+  return iter_aux(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int iter_codes (lua_State *L) {
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 2);
+  const char *s = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, !iscontp(s), 1, MSGInvalid);
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, lax ? iter_auxlax : iter_auxstrict);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+/* pattern to match a single UTF-8 character */
+#define UTF8PATT	"[\0-\x7F\xC2-\xFD][\x80-\xBF]*"
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg funcs[] = {
+  {"offset", byteoffset},
+  {"codepoint", codepoint},
+  {"char", utfchar},
+  {"len", utflen},
+  {"codes", iter_codes},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"charpattern", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_utf8 (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, funcs);
+  lua_pushlstring(L, UTF8PATT, sizeof(UTF8PATT)/sizeof(char) - 1);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "charpattern");
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lvm.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lvm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8493a770c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lvm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1901 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.c $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lvm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** By default, use jump tables in the main interpreter loop on gcc
+** and compatible compilers.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE	1
+#else
+#define LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE	0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* limit for table tag-method chains (to avoid infinite loops) */
+#define MAXTAGLOOP	2000
+
+
+/*
+** 'l_intfitsf' checks whether a given integer is in the range that
+** can be converted to a float without rounding. Used in comparisons.
+*/
+
+/* number of bits in the mantissa of a float */
+#define NBM		(l_floatatt(MANT_DIG))
+
+/*
+** Check whether some integers may not fit in a float, testing whether
+** (maxinteger >> NBM) > 0. (That implies (1 << NBM) <= maxinteger.)
+** (The shifts are done in parts, to avoid shifting by more than the size
+** of an integer. In a worst case, NBM == 113 for long double and
+** sizeof(long) == 32.)
+*/
+#if ((((LUA_MAXINTEGER >> (NBM / 4)) >> (NBM / 4)) >> (NBM / 4)) \
+	>> (NBM - (3 * (NBM / 4))))  >  0
+
+/* limit for integers that fit in a float */
+#define MAXINTFITSF	((lua_Unsigned)1 << NBM)
+
+/* check whether 'i' is in the interval [-MAXINTFITSF, MAXINTFITSF] */
+#define l_intfitsf(i)	((MAXINTFITSF + l_castS2U(i)) <= (2 * MAXINTFITSF))
+
+#else  /* all integers fit in a float precisely */
+
+#define l_intfitsf(i)	1
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Try to convert a value from string to a number value.
+** If the value is not a string or is a string not representing
+** a valid numeral (or if coercions from strings to numbers
+** are disabled via macro 'cvt2num'), do not modify 'result'
+** and return 0.
+*/
+static int l_strton (const TValue *obj, TValue *result) {
+  lua_assert(obj != result);
+  if (!cvt2num(obj))  /* is object not a string? */
+    return 0;
+  else
+    return (luaO_str2num(svalue(obj), result) == vslen(obj) + 1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to convert a value to a float. The float case is already handled
+** by the macro 'tonumber'.
+*/
+int luaV_tonumber_ (const TValue *obj, lua_Number *n) {
+  TValue v;
+  if (ttisinteger(obj)) {
+    *n = cast_num(ivalue(obj));
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else if (l_strton(obj, &v)) {  /* string coercible to number? */
+    *n = nvalue(&v);  /* convert result of 'luaO_str2num' to a float */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;  /* conversion failed */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to convert a float to an integer, rounding according to 'mode'.
+*/
+int luaV_flttointeger (lua_Number n, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode) {
+  lua_Number f = l_floor(n);
+  if (n != f) {  /* not an integral value? */
+    if (mode == F2Ieq) return 0;  /* fails if mode demands integral value */
+    else if (mode == F2Iceil)  /* needs ceil? */
+      f += 1;  /* convert floor to ceil (remember: n != f) */
+  }
+  return lua_numbertointeger(f, p);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to convert a value to an integer, rounding according to 'mode',
+** without string coercion.
+** ("Fast track" handled by macro 'tointegerns'.)
+*/
+int luaV_tointegerns (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode) {
+  if (ttisfloat(obj))
+    return luaV_flttointeger(fltvalue(obj), p, mode);
+  else if (ttisinteger(obj)) {
+    *p = ivalue(obj);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to convert a value to an integer.
+*/
+int luaV_tointeger (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode) {
+  TValue v;
+  if (l_strton(obj, &v))  /* does 'obj' point to a numerical string? */
+    obj = &v;  /* change it to point to its corresponding number */
+  return luaV_tointegerns(obj, p, mode);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to convert a 'for' limit to an integer, preserving the semantics
+** of the loop. Return true if the loop must not run; otherwise, '*p'
+** gets the integer limit.
+** (The following explanation assumes a positive step; it is valid for
+** negative steps mutatis mutandis.)
+** If the limit is an integer or can be converted to an integer,
+** rounding down, that is the limit.
+** Otherwise, check whether the limit can be converted to a float. If
+** the float is too large, clip it to LUA_MAXINTEGER.  If the float
+** is too negative, the loop should not run, because any initial
+** integer value is greater than such limit; so, the function returns
+** true to signal that. (For this latter case, no integer limit would be
+** correct; even a limit of LUA_MININTEGER would run the loop once for
+** an initial value equal to LUA_MININTEGER.)
+*/
+static int forlimit (lua_State *L, lua_Integer init, const TValue *lim,
+                                   lua_Integer *p, lua_Integer step) {
+  if (!luaV_tointeger(lim, p, (step < 0 ? F2Iceil : F2Ifloor))) {
+    /* not coercible to in integer */
+    lua_Number flim;  /* try to convert to float */
+    if (!tonumber(lim, &flim)) /* cannot convert to float? */
+      luaG_forerror(L, lim, "limit");
+    /* else 'flim' is a float out of integer bounds */
+    if (luai_numlt(0, flim)) {  /* if it is positive, it is too large */
+      if (step < 0) return 1;  /* initial value must be less than it */
+      *p = LUA_MAXINTEGER;  /* truncate */
+    }
+    else {  /* it is less than min integer */
+      if (step > 0) return 1;  /* initial value must be greater than it */
+      *p = LUA_MININTEGER;  /* truncate */
+    }
+  }
+  return (step > 0 ? init > *p : init < *p);  /* not to run? */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prepare a numerical for loop (opcode OP_FORPREP).
+** Return true to skip the loop. Otherwise,
+** after preparation, stack will be as follows:
+**   ra : internal index (safe copy of the control variable)
+**   ra + 1 : loop counter (integer loops) or limit (float loops)
+**   ra + 2 : step
+**   ra + 3 : control variable
+*/
+static int forprep (lua_State *L, StkId ra) {
+  TValue *pinit = s2v(ra);
+  TValue *plimit = s2v(ra + 1);
+  TValue *pstep = s2v(ra + 2);
+  if (ttisinteger(pinit) && ttisinteger(pstep)) { /* integer loop? */
+    lua_Integer init = ivalue(pinit);
+    lua_Integer step = ivalue(pstep);
+    lua_Integer limit;
+    if (step == 0)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "'for' step is zero");
+    setivalue(s2v(ra + 3), init);  /* control variable */
+    if (forlimit(L, init, plimit, &limit, step))
+      return 1;  /* skip the loop */
+    else {  /* prepare loop counter */
+      lua_Unsigned count;
+      if (step > 0) {  /* ascending loop? */
+        count = l_castS2U(limit) - l_castS2U(init);
+        if (step != 1)  /* avoid division in the too common case */
+          count /= l_castS2U(step);
+      }
+      else {  /* step < 0; descending loop */
+        count = l_castS2U(init) - l_castS2U(limit);
+        /* 'step+1' avoids negating 'mininteger' */
+        count /= l_castS2U(-(step + 1)) + 1u;
+      }
+      /* store the counter in place of the limit (which won't be
+         needed anymore) */
+      setivalue(plimit, l_castU2S(count));
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* try making all values floats */
+    lua_Number init; lua_Number limit; lua_Number step;
+    if (l_unlikely(!tonumber(plimit, &limit)))
+      luaG_forerror(L, plimit, "limit");
+    if (l_unlikely(!tonumber(pstep, &step)))
+      luaG_forerror(L, pstep, "step");
+    if (l_unlikely(!tonumber(pinit, &init)))
+      luaG_forerror(L, pinit, "initial value");
+    if (step == 0)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "'for' step is zero");
+    if (luai_numlt(0, step) ? luai_numlt(limit, init)
+                            : luai_numlt(init, limit))
+      return 1;  /* skip the loop */
+    else {
+      /* make sure internal values are all floats */
+      setfltvalue(plimit, limit);
+      setfltvalue(pstep, step);
+      setfltvalue(s2v(ra), init);  /* internal index */
+      setfltvalue(s2v(ra + 3), init);  /* control variable */
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a step of a float numerical for loop, returning
+** true iff the loop must continue. (The integer case is
+** written online with opcode OP_FORLOOP, for performance.)
+*/
+static int floatforloop (StkId ra) {
+  lua_Number step = fltvalue(s2v(ra + 2));
+  lua_Number limit = fltvalue(s2v(ra + 1));
+  lua_Number idx = fltvalue(s2v(ra));  /* internal index */
+  idx = luai_numadd(L, idx, step);  /* increment index */
+  if (luai_numlt(0, step) ? luai_numle(idx, limit)
+                          : luai_numle(limit, idx)) {
+    chgfltvalue(s2v(ra), idx);  /* update internal index */
+    setfltvalue(s2v(ra + 3), idx);  /* and control variable */
+    return 1;  /* jump back */
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;  /* finish the loop */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish the table access 'val = t[key]'.
+** if 'slot' is NULL, 't' is not a table; otherwise, 'slot' points to
+** t[k] entry (which must be empty).
+*/
+void luaV_finishget (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val,
+                      const TValue *slot) {
+  int loop;  /* counter to avoid infinite loops */
+  const TValue *tm;  /* metamethod */
+  for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+    if (slot == NULL) {  /* 't' is not a table? */
+      lua_assert(!ttistable(t));
+      tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_INDEX);
+      if (l_unlikely(notm(tm)))
+        luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");  /* no metamethod */
+      /* else will try the metamethod */
+    }
+    else {  /* 't' is a table */
+      lua_assert(isempty(slot));
+      tm = fasttm(L, hvalue(t)->metatable, TM_INDEX);  /* table's metamethod */
+      if (tm == NULL) {  /* no metamethod? */
+        setnilvalue(s2v(val));  /* result is nil */
+        return;
+      }
+      /* else will try the metamethod */
+    }
+    if (ttisfunction(tm)) {  /* is metamethod a function? */
+      luaT_callTMres(L, tm, t, key, val);  /* call it */
+      return;
+    }
+    t = tm;  /* else try to access 'tm[key]' */
+    if (luaV_fastget(L, t, key, slot, luaH_get)) {  /* fast track? */
+      setobj2s(L, val, slot);  /* done */
+      return;
+    }
+    /* else repeat (tail call 'luaV_finishget') */
+  }
+  luaG_runerror(L, "'__index' chain too long; possible loop");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a table assignment 't[key] = val'.
+** If 'slot' is NULL, 't' is not a table.  Otherwise, 'slot' points
+** to the entry 't[key]', or to a value with an absent key if there
+** is no such entry.  (The value at 'slot' must be empty, otherwise
+** 'luaV_fastget' would have done the job.)
+*/
+void luaV_finishset (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+                     TValue *val, const TValue *slot) {
+  int loop;  /* counter to avoid infinite loops */
+  for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+    const TValue *tm;  /* '__newindex' metamethod */
+    if (slot != NULL) {  /* is 't' a table? */
+      Table *h = hvalue(t);  /* save 't' table */
+      lua_assert(isempty(slot));  /* slot must be empty */
+      tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX);  /* get metamethod */
+      if (tm == NULL) {  /* no metamethod? */
+        luaH_finishset(L, h, key, slot, val);  /* set new value */
+        invalidateTMcache(h);
+        luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
+        return;
+      }
+      /* else will try the metamethod */
+    }
+    else {  /* not a table; check metamethod */
+      tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_NEWINDEX);
+      if (l_unlikely(notm(tm)))
+        luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+    }
+    /* try the metamethod */
+    if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
+      luaT_callTM(L, tm, t, key, val);
+      return;
+    }
+    t = tm;  /* else repeat assignment over 'tm' */
+    if (luaV_fastget(L, t, key, slot, luaH_get)) {
+      luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, val);
+      return;  /* done */
+    }
+    /* else 'return luaV_finishset(L, t, key, val, slot)' (loop) */
+  }
+  luaG_runerror(L, "'__newindex' chain too long; possible loop");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Compare two strings 'ls' x 'rs', returning an integer less-equal-
+** -greater than zero if 'ls' is less-equal-greater than 'rs'.
+** The code is a little tricky because it allows '\0' in the strings
+** and it uses 'strcoll' (to respect locales) for each segments
+** of the strings.
+*/
+static int l_strcmp (const TString *ls, const TString *rs) {
+  const char *l = getstr(ls);
+  size_t ll = tsslen(ls);
+  const char *r = getstr(rs);
+  size_t lr = tsslen(rs);
+  for (;;) {  /* for each segment */
+    int temp = strcoll(l, r);
+    if (temp != 0)  /* not equal? */
+      return temp;  /* done */
+    else {  /* strings are equal up to a '\0' */
+      size_t len = strlen(l);  /* index of first '\0' in both strings */
+      if (len == lr)  /* 'rs' is finished? */
+        return (len == ll) ? 0 : 1;  /* check 'ls' */
+      else if (len == ll)  /* 'ls' is finished? */
+        return -1;  /* 'ls' is less than 'rs' ('rs' is not finished) */
+      /* both strings longer than 'len'; go on comparing after the '\0' */
+      len++;
+      l += len; ll -= len; r += len; lr -= len;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether integer 'i' is less than float 'f'. If 'i' has an
+** exact representation as a float ('l_intfitsf'), compare numbers as
+** floats. Otherwise, use the equivalence 'i < f <=> i < ceil(f)'.
+** If 'ceil(f)' is out of integer range, either 'f' is greater than
+** all integers or less than all integers.
+** (The test with 'l_intfitsf' is only for performance; the else
+** case is correct for all values, but it is slow due to the conversion
+** from float to int.)
+** When 'f' is NaN, comparisons must result in false.
+*/
+l_sinline int LTintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
+  if (l_intfitsf(i))
+    return luai_numlt(cast_num(i), f);  /* compare them as floats */
+  else {  /* i < f <=> i < ceil(f) */
+    lua_Integer fi;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Iceil))  /* fi = ceil(f) */
+      return i < fi;   /* compare them as integers */
+    else  /* 'f' is either greater or less than all integers */
+      return f > 0;  /* greater? */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether integer 'i' is less than or equal to float 'f'.
+** See comments on previous function.
+*/
+l_sinline int LEintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
+  if (l_intfitsf(i))
+    return luai_numle(cast_num(i), f);  /* compare them as floats */
+  else {  /* i <= f <=> i <= floor(f) */
+    lua_Integer fi;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Ifloor))  /* fi = floor(f) */
+      return i <= fi;   /* compare them as integers */
+    else  /* 'f' is either greater or less than all integers */
+      return f > 0;  /* greater? */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether float 'f' is less than integer 'i'.
+** See comments on previous function.
+*/
+l_sinline int LTfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
+  if (l_intfitsf(i))
+    return luai_numlt(f, cast_num(i));  /* compare them as floats */
+  else {  /* f < i <=> floor(f) < i */
+    lua_Integer fi;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Ifloor))  /* fi = floor(f) */
+      return fi < i;   /* compare them as integers */
+    else  /* 'f' is either greater or less than all integers */
+      return f < 0;  /* less? */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether float 'f' is less than or equal to integer 'i'.
+** See comments on previous function.
+*/
+l_sinline int LEfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
+  if (l_intfitsf(i))
+    return luai_numle(f, cast_num(i));  /* compare them as floats */
+  else {  /* f <= i <=> ceil(f) <= i */
+    lua_Integer fi;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Iceil))  /* fi = ceil(f) */
+      return fi <= i;   /* compare them as integers */
+    else  /* 'f' is either greater or less than all integers */
+      return f < 0;  /* less? */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return 'l < r', for numbers.
+*/
+l_sinline int LTnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  lua_assert(ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r));
+  if (ttisinteger(l)) {
+    lua_Integer li = ivalue(l);
+    if (ttisinteger(r))
+      return li < ivalue(r);  /* both are integers */
+    else  /* 'l' is int and 'r' is float */
+      return LTintfloat(li, fltvalue(r));  /* l < r ? */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Number lf = fltvalue(l);  /* 'l' must be float */
+    if (ttisfloat(r))
+      return luai_numlt(lf, fltvalue(r));  /* both are float */
+    else  /* 'l' is float and 'r' is int */
+      return LTfloatint(lf, ivalue(r));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return 'l <= r', for numbers.
+*/
+l_sinline int LEnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  lua_assert(ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r));
+  if (ttisinteger(l)) {
+    lua_Integer li = ivalue(l);
+    if (ttisinteger(r))
+      return li <= ivalue(r);  /* both are integers */
+    else  /* 'l' is int and 'r' is float */
+      return LEintfloat(li, fltvalue(r));  /* l <= r ? */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Number lf = fltvalue(l);  /* 'l' must be float */
+    if (ttisfloat(r))
+      return luai_numle(lf, fltvalue(r));  /* both are float */
+    else  /* 'l' is float and 'r' is int */
+      return LEfloatint(lf, ivalue(r));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** return 'l < r' for non-numbers.
+*/
+static int lessthanothers (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  lua_assert(!ttisnumber(l) || !ttisnumber(r));
+  if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))  /* both are strings? */
+    return l_strcmp(tsvalue(l), tsvalue(r)) < 0;
+  else
+    return luaT_callorderTM(L, l, r, TM_LT);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation less than; return 'l < r'.
+*/
+int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))  /* both operands are numbers? */
+    return LTnum(l, r);
+  else return lessthanothers(L, l, r);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** return 'l <= r' for non-numbers.
+*/
+static int lessequalothers (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  lua_assert(!ttisnumber(l) || !ttisnumber(r));
+  if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))  /* both are strings? */
+    return l_strcmp(tsvalue(l), tsvalue(r)) <= 0;
+  else
+    return luaT_callorderTM(L, l, r, TM_LE);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation less than or equal to; return 'l <= r'.
+*/
+int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))  /* both operands are numbers? */
+    return LEnum(l, r);
+  else return lessequalothers(L, l, r);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation for equality of Lua values; return 't1 == t2'.
+** L == NULL means raw equality (no metamethods)
+*/
+int luaV_equalobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {
+  const TValue *tm;
+  if (ttypetag(t1) != ttypetag(t2)) {  /* not the same variant? */
+    if (ttype(t1) != ttype(t2) || ttype(t1) != LUA_TNUMBER)
+      return 0;  /* only numbers can be equal with different variants */
+    else {  /* two numbers with different variants */
+      /* One of them is an integer. If the other does not have an
+         integer value, they cannot be equal; otherwise, compare their
+         integer values. */
+      lua_Integer i1, i2;
+      return (luaV_tointegerns(t1, &i1, F2Ieq) &&
+              luaV_tointegerns(t2, &i2, F2Ieq) &&
+              i1 == i2);
+    }
+  }
+  /* values have same type and same variant */
+  switch (ttypetag(t1)) {
+    case LUA_VNIL: case LUA_VFALSE: case LUA_VTRUE: return 1;
+    case LUA_VNUMINT: return (ivalue(t1) == ivalue(t2));
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT: return luai_numeq(fltvalue(t1), fltvalue(t2));
+    case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
+    case LUA_VLCF: return fvalue(t1) == fvalue(t2);
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: return eqshrstr(tsvalue(t1), tsvalue(t2));
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: return luaS_eqlngstr(tsvalue(t1), tsvalue(t2));
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: {
+      if (uvalue(t1) == uvalue(t2)) return 1;
+      else if (L == NULL) return 0;
+      tm = fasttm(L, uvalue(t1)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+      if (tm == NULL)
+        tm = fasttm(L, uvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+      break;  /* will try TM */
+    }
+    case LUA_VTABLE: {
+      if (hvalue(t1) == hvalue(t2)) return 1;
+      else if (L == NULL) return 0;
+      tm = fasttm(L, hvalue(t1)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+      if (tm == NULL)
+        tm = fasttm(L, hvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+      break;  /* will try TM */
+    }
+    default:
+      return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
+  }
+  if (tm == NULL)  /* no TM? */
+    return 0;  /* objects are different */
+  else {
+    luaT_callTMres(L, tm, t1, t2, L->top.p);  /* call TM */
+    return !l_isfalse(s2v(L->top.p));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* macro used by 'luaV_concat' to ensure that element at 'o' is a string */
+#define tostring(L,o)  \
+	(ttisstring(o) || (cvt2str(o) && (luaO_tostring(L, o), 1)))
+
+#define isemptystr(o)	(ttisshrstring(o) && tsvalue(o)->shrlen == 0)
+
+/* copy strings in stack from top - n up to top - 1 to buffer */
+static void copy2buff (StkId top, int n, char *buff) {
+  size_t tl = 0;  /* size already copied */
+  do {
+    size_t l = vslen(s2v(top - n));  /* length of string being copied */
+    memcpy(buff + tl, svalue(s2v(top - n)), l * sizeof(char));
+    tl += l;
+  } while (--n > 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation for concatenation: concat 'total' values in the stack,
+** from 'L->top.p - total' up to 'L->top.p - 1'.
+*/
+void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total) {
+  if (total == 1)
+    return;  /* "all" values already concatenated */
+  do {
+    StkId top = L->top.p;
+    int n = 2;  /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */
+    if (!(ttisstring(s2v(top - 2)) || cvt2str(s2v(top - 2))) ||
+        !tostring(L, s2v(top - 1)))
+      luaT_tryconcatTM(L);  /* may invalidate 'top' */
+    else if (isemptystr(s2v(top - 1)))  /* second operand is empty? */
+      cast_void(tostring(L, s2v(top - 2)));  /* result is first operand */
+    else if (isemptystr(s2v(top - 2))) {  /* first operand is empty string? */
+      setobjs2s(L, top - 2, top - 1);  /* result is second op. */
+    }
+    else {
+      /* at least two non-empty string values; get as many as possible */
+      size_t tl = vslen(s2v(top - 1));
+      TString *ts;
+      /* collect total length and number of strings */
+      for (n = 1; n < total && tostring(L, s2v(top - n - 1)); n++) {
+        size_t l = vslen(s2v(top - n - 1));
+        if (l_unlikely(l >= (MAX_SIZE/sizeof(char)) - tl)) {
+          L->top.p = top - total;  /* pop strings to avoid wasting stack */
+          luaG_runerror(L, "string length overflow");
+        }
+        tl += l;
+      }
+      if (tl <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN) {  /* is result a short string? */
+        char buff[LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN];
+        copy2buff(top, n, buff);  /* copy strings to buffer */
+        ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff, tl);
+      }
+      else {  /* long string; copy strings directly to final result */
+        ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, tl);
+        copy2buff(top, n, getstr(ts));
+      }
+      setsvalue2s(L, top - n, ts);  /* create result */
+    }
+    total -= n - 1;  /* got 'n' strings to create one new */
+    L->top.p -= n - 1;  /* popped 'n' strings and pushed one */
+  } while (total > 1);  /* repeat until only 1 result left */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation 'ra = #rb'.
+*/
+void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb) {
+  const TValue *tm;
+  switch (ttypetag(rb)) {
+    case LUA_VTABLE: {
+      Table *h = hvalue(rb);
+      tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_LEN);
+      if (tm) break;  /* metamethod? break switch to call it */
+      setivalue(s2v(ra), luaH_getn(h));  /* else primitive len */
+      return;
+    }
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: {
+      setivalue(s2v(ra), tsvalue(rb)->shrlen);
+      return;
+    }
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+      setivalue(s2v(ra), tsvalue(rb)->u.lnglen);
+      return;
+    }
+    default: {  /* try metamethod */
+      tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_LEN);
+      if (l_unlikely(notm(tm)))  /* no metamethod? */
+        luaG_typeerror(L, rb, "get length of");
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  luaT_callTMres(L, tm, rb, rb, ra);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Integer division; return 'm // n', that is, floor(m/n).
+** C division truncates its result (rounds towards zero).
+** 'floor(q) == trunc(q)' when 'q >= 0' or when 'q' is integer,
+** otherwise 'floor(q) == trunc(q) - 1'.
+*/
+lua_Integer luaV_idiv (lua_State *L, lua_Integer m, lua_Integer n) {
+  if (l_unlikely(l_castS2U(n) + 1u <= 1u)) {  /* special cases: -1 or 0 */
+    if (n == 0)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to divide by zero");
+    return intop(-, 0, m);   /* n==-1; avoid overflow with 0x80000...//-1 */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Integer q = m / n;  /* perform C division */
+    if ((m ^ n) < 0 && m % n != 0)  /* 'm/n' would be negative non-integer? */
+      q -= 1;  /* correct result for different rounding */
+    return q;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Integer modulus; return 'm % n'. (Assume that C '%' with
+** negative operands follows C99 behavior. See previous comment
+** about luaV_idiv.)
+*/
+lua_Integer luaV_mod (lua_State *L, lua_Integer m, lua_Integer n) {
+  if (l_unlikely(l_castS2U(n) + 1u <= 1u)) {  /* special cases: -1 or 0 */
+    if (n == 0)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to perform 'n%%0'");
+    return 0;   /* m % -1 == 0; avoid overflow with 0x80000...%-1 */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Integer r = m % n;
+    if (r != 0 && (r ^ n) < 0)  /* 'm/n' would be non-integer negative? */
+      r += n;  /* correct result for different rounding */
+    return r;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Float modulus
+*/
+lua_Number luaV_modf (lua_State *L, lua_Number m, lua_Number n) {
+  lua_Number r;
+  luai_nummod(L, m, n, r);
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+/* number of bits in an integer */
+#define NBITS	cast_int(sizeof(lua_Integer) * CHAR_BIT)
+
+
+/*
+** Shift left operation. (Shift right just negates 'y'.)
+*/
+lua_Integer luaV_shiftl (lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y) {
+  if (y < 0) {  /* shift right? */
+    if (y <= -NBITS) return 0;
+    else return intop(>>, x, -y);
+  }
+  else {  /* shift left */
+    if (y >= NBITS) return 0;
+    else return intop(<<, x, y);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a new Lua closure, push it in the stack, and initialize
+** its upvalues.
+*/
+static void pushclosure (lua_State *L, Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base,
+                         StkId ra) {
+  int nup = p->sizeupvalues;
+  Upvaldesc *uv = p->upvalues;
+  int i;
+  LClosure *ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, nup);
+  ncl->p = p;
+  setclLvalue2s(L, ra, ncl);  /* anchor new closure in stack */
+  for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) {  /* fill in its upvalues */
+    if (uv[i].instack)  /* upvalue refers to local variable? */
+      ncl->upvals[i] = luaF_findupval(L, base + uv[i].idx);
+    else  /* get upvalue from enclosing function */
+      ncl->upvals[i] = encup[uv[i].idx];
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, ncl, ncl->upvals[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** finish execution of an opcode interrupted by a yield
+*/
+void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  StkId base = ci->func.p + 1;
+  Instruction inst = *(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1);  /* interrupted instruction */
+  OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(inst);
+  switch (op) {  /* finish its execution */
+    case OP_MMBIN: case OP_MMBINI: case OP_MMBINK: {
+      setobjs2s(L, base + GETARG_A(*(ci->u.l.savedpc - 2)), --L->top.p);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_UNM: case OP_BNOT: case OP_LEN:
+    case OP_GETTABUP: case OP_GETTABLE: case OP_GETI:
+    case OP_GETFIELD: case OP_SELF: {
+      setobjs2s(L, base + GETARG_A(inst), --L->top.p);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_LT: case OP_LE:
+    case OP_LTI: case OP_LEI:
+    case OP_GTI: case OP_GEI:
+    case OP_EQ: {  /* note that 'OP_EQI'/'OP_EQK' cannot yield */
+      int res = !l_isfalse(s2v(L->top.p - 1));
+      L->top.p--;
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE)
+      if (ci->callstatus & CIST_LEQ) {  /* "<=" using "<" instead? */
+        ci->callstatus ^= CIST_LEQ;  /* clear mark */
+        res = !res;  /* negate result */
+      }
+#endif
+      lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_JMP);
+      if (res != GETARG_k(inst))  /* condition failed? */
+        ci->u.l.savedpc++;  /* skip jump instruction */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_CONCAT: {
+      StkId top = L->top.p - 1;  /* top when 'luaT_tryconcatTM' was called */
+      int a = GETARG_A(inst);      /* first element to concatenate */
+      int total = cast_int(top - 1 - (base + a));  /* yet to concatenate */
+      setobjs2s(L, top - 2, top);  /* put TM result in proper position */
+      L->top.p = top - 1;  /* top is one after last element (at top-2) */
+      luaV_concat(L, total);  /* concat them (may yield again) */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_CLOSE: {  /* yielded closing variables */
+      ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* repeat instruction to close other vars. */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_RETURN: {  /* yielded closing variables */
+      StkId ra = base + GETARG_A(inst);
+      /* adjust top to signal correct number of returns, in case the
+         return is "up to top" ('isIT') */
+      L->top.p = ra + ci->u2.nres;
+      /* repeat instruction to close other vars. and complete the return */
+      ci->u.l.savedpc--;
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      /* only these other opcodes can yield */
+      lua_assert(op == OP_TFORCALL || op == OP_CALL ||
+           op == OP_TAILCALL || op == OP_SETTABUP || op == OP_SETTABLE ||
+           op == OP_SETI || op == OP_SETFIELD);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Macros for arithmetic/bitwise/comparison opcodes in 'luaV_execute'
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define l_addi(L,a,b)	intop(+, a, b)
+#define l_subi(L,a,b)	intop(-, a, b)
+#define l_muli(L,a,b)	intop(*, a, b)
+#define l_band(a,b)	intop(&, a, b)
+#define l_bor(a,b)	intop(|, a, b)
+#define l_bxor(a,b)	intop(^, a, b)
+
+#define l_lti(a,b)	(a < b)
+#define l_lei(a,b)	(a <= b)
+#define l_gti(a,b)	(a > b)
+#define l_gei(a,b)	(a >= b)
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations with immediate operands. 'iop' is the integer
+** operation, 'fop' is the float operation.
+*/
+#define op_arithI(L,iop,fop) {  \
+  StkId ra = RA(i); \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  int imm = GETARG_sC(i);  \
+  if (ttisinteger(v1)) {  \
+    lua_Integer iv1 = ivalue(v1);  \
+    pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), iop(L, iv1, imm));  \
+  }  \
+  else if (ttisfloat(v1)) {  \
+    lua_Number nb = fltvalue(v1);  \
+    lua_Number fimm = cast_num(imm);  \
+    pc++; setfltvalue(s2v(ra), fop(L, nb, fimm)); \
+  }}
+
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function for arithmetic operations over floats and others
+** with two register operands.
+*/
+#define op_arithf_aux(L,v1,v2,fop) {  \
+  lua_Number n1; lua_Number n2;  \
+  if (tonumberns(v1, n1) && tonumberns(v2, n2)) {  \
+    pc++; setfltvalue(s2v(ra), fop(L, n1, n2));  \
+  }}
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations over floats and others with register operands.
+*/
+#define op_arithf(L,fop) {  \
+  StkId ra = RA(i); \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = vRC(i);  \
+  op_arithf_aux(L, v1, v2, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations with K operands for floats.
+*/
+#define op_arithfK(L,fop) {  \
+  StkId ra = RA(i); \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = KC(i); lua_assert(ttisnumber(v2));  \
+  op_arithf_aux(L, v1, v2, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations over integers and floats.
+*/
+#define op_arith_aux(L,v1,v2,iop,fop) {  \
+  StkId ra = RA(i); \
+  if (ttisinteger(v1) && ttisinteger(v2)) {  \
+    lua_Integer i1 = ivalue(v1); lua_Integer i2 = ivalue(v2);  \
+    pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), iop(L, i1, i2));  \
+  }  \
+  else op_arithf_aux(L, v1, v2, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations with register operands.
+*/
+#define op_arith(L,iop,fop) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = vRC(i);  \
+  op_arith_aux(L, v1, v2, iop, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations with K operands.
+*/
+#define op_arithK(L,iop,fop) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = KC(i); lua_assert(ttisnumber(v2));  \
+  op_arith_aux(L, v1, v2, iop, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Bitwise operations with constant operand.
+*/
+#define op_bitwiseK(L,op) {  \
+  StkId ra = RA(i); \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = KC(i);  \
+  lua_Integer i1;  \
+  lua_Integer i2 = ivalue(v2);  \
+  if (tointegerns(v1, &i1)) {  \
+    pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), op(i1, i2));  \
+  }}
+
+
+/*
+** Bitwise operations with register operands.
+*/
+#define op_bitwise(L,op) {  \
+  StkId ra = RA(i); \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = vRC(i);  \
+  lua_Integer i1; lua_Integer i2;  \
+  if (tointegerns(v1, &i1) && tointegerns(v2, &i2)) {  \
+    pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), op(i1, i2));  \
+  }}
+
+
+/*
+** Order operations with register operands. 'opn' actually works
+** for all numbers, but the fast track improves performance for
+** integers.
+*/
+#define op_order(L,opi,opn,other) {  \
+  StkId ra = RA(i); \
+  int cond;  \
+  TValue *rb = vRB(i);  \
+  if (ttisinteger(s2v(ra)) && ttisinteger(rb)) {  \
+    lua_Integer ia = ivalue(s2v(ra));  \
+    lua_Integer ib = ivalue(rb);  \
+    cond = opi(ia, ib);  \
+  }  \
+  else if (ttisnumber(s2v(ra)) && ttisnumber(rb))  \
+    cond = opn(s2v(ra), rb);  \
+  else  \
+    Protect(cond = other(L, s2v(ra), rb));  \
+  docondjump(); }
+
+
+/*
+** Order operations with immediate operand. (Immediate operand is
+** always small enough to have an exact representation as a float.)
+*/
+#define op_orderI(L,opi,opf,inv,tm) {  \
+  StkId ra = RA(i); \
+  int cond;  \
+  int im = GETARG_sB(i);  \
+  if (ttisinteger(s2v(ra)))  \
+    cond = opi(ivalue(s2v(ra)), im);  \
+  else if (ttisfloat(s2v(ra))) {  \
+    lua_Number fa = fltvalue(s2v(ra));  \
+    lua_Number fim = cast_num(im);  \
+    cond = opf(fa, fim);  \
+  }  \
+  else {  \
+    int isf = GETARG_C(i);  \
+    Protect(cond = luaT_callorderiTM(L, s2v(ra), im, inv, isf, tm));  \
+  }  \
+  docondjump(); }
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Function 'luaV_execute': main interpreter loop
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** some macros for common tasks in 'luaV_execute'
+*/
+
+
+#define RA(i)	(base+GETARG_A(i))
+#define RB(i)	(base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define vRB(i)	s2v(RB(i))
+#define KB(i)	(k+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RC(i)	(base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define vRC(i)	s2v(RC(i))
+#define KC(i)	(k+GETARG_C(i))
+#define RKC(i)	((TESTARG_k(i)) ? k + GETARG_C(i) : s2v(base + GETARG_C(i)))
+
+
+
+#define updatetrap(ci)  (trap = ci->u.l.trap)
+
+#define updatebase(ci)	(base = ci->func.p + 1)
+
+
+#define updatestack(ci)  \
+	{ if (l_unlikely(trap)) { updatebase(ci); ra = RA(i); } }
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a jump instruction. The 'updatetrap' allows signals to stop
+** tight loops. (Without it, the local copy of 'trap' could never change.)
+*/
+#define dojump(ci,i,e)	{ pc += GETARG_sJ(i) + e; updatetrap(ci); }
+
+
+/* for test instructions, execute the jump instruction that follows it */
+#define donextjump(ci)	{ Instruction ni = *pc; dojump(ci, ni, 1); }
+
+/*
+** do a conditional jump: skip next instruction if 'cond' is not what
+** was expected (parameter 'k'), else do next instruction, which must
+** be a jump.
+*/
+#define docondjump()	if (cond != GETARG_k(i)) pc++; else donextjump(ci);
+
+
+/*
+** Correct global 'pc'.
+*/
+#define savepc(L)	(ci->u.l.savedpc = pc)
+
+
+/*
+** Whenever code can raise errors, the global 'pc' and the global
+** 'top' must be correct to report occasional errors.
+*/
+#define savestate(L,ci)		(savepc(L), L->top.p = ci->top.p)
+
+
+/*
+** Protect code that, in general, can raise errors, reallocate the
+** stack, and change the hooks.
+*/
+#define Protect(exp)  (savestate(L,ci), (exp), updatetrap(ci))
+
+/* special version that does not change the top */
+#define ProtectNT(exp)  (savepc(L), (exp), updatetrap(ci))
+
+/*
+** Protect code that can only raise errors. (That is, it cannot change
+** the stack or hooks.)
+*/
+#define halfProtect(exp)  (savestate(L,ci), (exp))
+
+/* 'c' is the limit of live values in the stack */
+#define checkGC(L,c)  \
+	{ luaC_condGC(L, (savepc(L), L->top.p = (c)), \
+                         updatetrap(ci)); \
+           luai_threadyield(L); }
+
+
+/* fetch an instruction and prepare its execution */
+#define vmfetch()	{ \
+  if (l_unlikely(trap)) {  /* stack reallocation or hooks? */ \
+    trap = luaG_traceexec(L, pc);  /* handle hooks */ \
+    updatebase(ci);  /* correct stack */ \
+  } \
+  i = *(pc++); \
+}
+
+#define vmdispatch(o)	switch(o)
+#define vmcase(l)	case l:
+#define vmbreak		break
+
+
+void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+  LClosure *cl;
+  TValue *k;
+  StkId base;
+  const Instruction *pc;
+  int trap;
+#if LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE
+#include "ljumptab.h"
+#endif
+ startfunc:
+  trap = L->hookmask;
+ returning:  /* trap already set */
+  cl = clLvalue(s2v(ci->func.p));
+  k = cl->p->k;
+  pc = ci->u.l.savedpc;
+  if (l_unlikely(trap)) {
+    if (pc == cl->p->code) {  /* first instruction (not resuming)? */
+      if (cl->p->is_vararg)
+        trap = 0;  /* hooks will start after VARARGPREP instruction */
+      else  /* check 'call' hook */
+        luaD_hookcall(L, ci);
+    }
+    ci->u.l.trap = 1;  /* assume trap is on, for now */
+  }
+  base = ci->func.p + 1;
+  /* main loop of interpreter */
+  for (;;) {
+    Instruction i;  /* instruction being executed */
+    vmfetch();
+    #if 0
+      /* low-level line tracing for debugging Lua */
+      printf("line: %d\n", luaG_getfuncline(cl->p, pcRel(pc, cl->p)));
+    #endif
+    lua_assert(base == ci->func.p + 1);
+    lua_assert(base <= L->top.p && L->top.p <= L->stack_last.p);
+    /* invalidate top for instructions not expecting it */
+    lua_assert(isIT(i) || (cast_void(L->top.p = base), 1));
+    vmdispatch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+      vmcase(OP_MOVE) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        setobjs2s(L, ra, RB(i));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADI) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        lua_Integer b = GETARG_sBx(i);
+        setivalue(s2v(ra), b);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADF) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int b = GETARG_sBx(i);
+        setfltvalue(s2v(ra), cast_num(b));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADK) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb = k + GETARG_Bx(i);
+        setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADKX) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb;
+        rb = k + GETARG_Ax(*pc); pc++;
+        setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADFALSE) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        setbfvalue(s2v(ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LFALSESKIP) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        setbfvalue(s2v(ra));
+        pc++;  /* skip next instruction */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADTRUE) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        setbtvalue(s2v(ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADNIL) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);
+        do {
+          setnilvalue(s2v(ra++));
+        } while (b--);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETUPVAL) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);
+        setobj2s(L, ra, cl->upvals[b]->v.p);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETUPVAL) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)];
+        setobj(L, uv->v.p, s2v(ra));
+        luaC_barrier(L, uv, s2v(ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETTABUP) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *upval = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)]->v.p;
+        TValue *rc = KC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rc);  /* key must be a string */
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, upval, key, slot, luaH_getshortstr)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, upval, rc, ra, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETTABLE) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        TValue *rc = vRC(i);
+        lua_Unsigned n;
+        if (ttisinteger(rc)  /* fast track for integers? */
+            ? (cast_void(n = ivalue(rc)), luaV_fastgeti(L, rb, n, slot))
+            : luaV_fastget(L, rb, rc, slot, luaH_get)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, rb, rc, ra, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETI) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        int c = GETARG_C(i);
+        if (luaV_fastgeti(L, rb, c, slot)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else {
+          TValue key;
+          setivalue(&key, c);
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, rb, &key, ra, slot));
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETFIELD) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        TValue *rc = KC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rc);  /* key must be a string */
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, rb, key, slot, luaH_getshortstr)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, rb, rc, ra, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETTABUP) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *upval = cl->upvals[GETARG_A(i)]->v.p;
+        TValue *rb = KB(i);
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rb);  /* key must be a string */
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, upval, key, slot, luaH_getshortstr)) {
+          luaV_finishfastset(L, upval, slot, rc);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishset(L, upval, rb, rc, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETTABLE) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);  /* key (table is in 'ra') */
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);  /* value */
+        lua_Unsigned n;
+        if (ttisinteger(rb)  /* fast track for integers? */
+            ? (cast_void(n = ivalue(rb)), luaV_fastgeti(L, s2v(ra), n, slot))
+            : luaV_fastget(L, s2v(ra), rb, slot, luaH_get)) {
+          luaV_finishfastset(L, s2v(ra), slot, rc);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishset(L, s2v(ra), rb, rc, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETI) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        const TValue *slot;
+        int c = GETARG_B(i);
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+        if (luaV_fastgeti(L, s2v(ra), c, slot)) {
+          luaV_finishfastset(L, s2v(ra), slot, rc);
+        }
+        else {
+          TValue key;
+          setivalue(&key, c);
+          Protect(luaV_finishset(L, s2v(ra), &key, rc, slot));
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETFIELD) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = KB(i);
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rb);  /* key must be a string */
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, s2v(ra), key, slot, luaH_getshortstr)) {
+          luaV_finishfastset(L, s2v(ra), slot, rc);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishset(L, s2v(ra), rb, rc, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_NEWTABLE) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);  /* log2(hash size) + 1 */
+        int c = GETARG_C(i);  /* array size */
+        Table *t;
+        if (b > 0)
+          b = 1 << (b - 1);  /* size is 2^(b - 1) */
+        lua_assert((!TESTARG_k(i)) == (GETARG_Ax(*pc) == 0));
+        if (TESTARG_k(i))  /* non-zero extra argument? */
+          c += GETARG_Ax(*pc) * (MAXARG_C + 1);  /* add it to size */
+        pc++;  /* skip extra argument */
+        L->top.p = ra + 1;  /* correct top in case of emergency GC */
+        t = luaH_new(L);  /* memory allocation */
+        sethvalue2s(L, ra, t);
+        if (b != 0 || c != 0)
+          luaH_resize(L, t, c, b);  /* idem */
+        checkGC(L, ra + 1);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SELF) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rc);  /* key must be a string */
+        setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, rb, key, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, rb, rc, ra, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_ADDI) {
+        op_arithI(L, l_addi, luai_numadd);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_ADDK) {
+        op_arithK(L, l_addi, luai_numadd);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SUBK) {
+        op_arithK(L, l_subi, luai_numsub);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MULK) {
+        op_arithK(L, l_muli, luai_nummul);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MODK) {
+        savestate(L, ci);  /* in case of division by 0 */
+        op_arithK(L, luaV_mod, luaV_modf);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_POWK) {
+        op_arithfK(L, luai_numpow);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_DIVK) {
+        op_arithfK(L, luai_numdiv);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_IDIVK) {
+        savestate(L, ci);  /* in case of division by 0 */
+        op_arithK(L, luaV_idiv, luai_numidiv);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BANDK) {
+        op_bitwiseK(L, l_band);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BORK) {
+        op_bitwiseK(L, l_bor);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BXORK) {
+        op_bitwiseK(L, l_bxor);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SHRI) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        int ic = GETARG_sC(i);
+        lua_Integer ib;
+        if (tointegerns(rb, &ib)) {
+          pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), luaV_shiftl(ib, -ic));
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SHLI) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        int ic = GETARG_sC(i);
+        lua_Integer ib;
+        if (tointegerns(rb, &ib)) {
+          pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), luaV_shiftl(ic, ib));
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_ADD) {
+        op_arith(L, l_addi, luai_numadd);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SUB) {
+        op_arith(L, l_subi, luai_numsub);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MUL) {
+        op_arith(L, l_muli, luai_nummul);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MOD) {
+        savestate(L, ci);  /* in case of division by 0 */
+        op_arith(L, luaV_mod, luaV_modf);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_POW) {
+        op_arithf(L, luai_numpow);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_DIV) {  /* float division (always with floats) */
+        op_arithf(L, luai_numdiv);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_IDIV) {  /* floor division */
+        savestate(L, ci);  /* in case of division by 0 */
+        op_arith(L, luaV_idiv, luai_numidiv);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BAND) {
+        op_bitwise(L, l_band);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BOR) {
+        op_bitwise(L, l_bor);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BXOR) {
+        op_bitwise(L, l_bxor);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SHR) {
+        op_bitwise(L, luaV_shiftr);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SHL) {
+        op_bitwise(L, luaV_shiftl);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MMBIN) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        Instruction pi = *(pc - 2);  /* original arith. expression */
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        TMS tm = (TMS)GETARG_C(i);
+        StkId result = RA(pi);
+        lua_assert(OP_ADD <= GET_OPCODE(pi) && GET_OPCODE(pi) <= OP_SHR);
+        Protect(luaT_trybinTM(L, s2v(ra), rb, result, tm));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MMBINI) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        Instruction pi = *(pc - 2);  /* original arith. expression */
+        int imm = GETARG_sB(i);
+        TMS tm = (TMS)GETARG_C(i);
+        int flip = GETARG_k(i);
+        StkId result = RA(pi);
+        Protect(luaT_trybiniTM(L, s2v(ra), imm, flip, result, tm));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MMBINK) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        Instruction pi = *(pc - 2);  /* original arith. expression */
+        TValue *imm = KB(i);
+        TMS tm = (TMS)GETARG_C(i);
+        int flip = GETARG_k(i);
+        StkId result = RA(pi);
+        Protect(luaT_trybinassocTM(L, s2v(ra), imm, flip, result, tm));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_UNM) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        lua_Number nb;
+        if (ttisinteger(rb)) {
+          lua_Integer ib = ivalue(rb);
+          setivalue(s2v(ra), intop(-, 0, ib));
+        }
+        else if (tonumberns(rb, nb)) {
+          setfltvalue(s2v(ra), luai_numunm(L, nb));
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaT_trybinTM(L, rb, rb, ra, TM_UNM));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BNOT) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        lua_Integer ib;
+        if (tointegerns(rb, &ib)) {
+          setivalue(s2v(ra), intop(^, ~l_castS2U(0), ib));
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaT_trybinTM(L, rb, rb, ra, TM_BNOT));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_NOT) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        if (l_isfalse(rb))
+          setbtvalue(s2v(ra));
+        else
+          setbfvalue(s2v(ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LEN) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        Protect(luaV_objlen(L, ra, vRB(i)));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_CONCAT) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int n = GETARG_B(i);  /* number of elements to concatenate */
+        L->top.p = ra + n;  /* mark the end of concat operands */
+        ProtectNT(luaV_concat(L, n));
+        checkGC(L, L->top.p); /* 'luaV_concat' ensures correct top */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_CLOSE) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        Protect(luaF_close(L, ra, LUA_OK, 1));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TBC) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        /* create new to-be-closed upvalue */
+        halfProtect(luaF_newtbcupval(L, ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_JMP) {
+        dojump(ci, i, 0);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_EQ) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int cond;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        Protect(cond = luaV_equalobj(L, s2v(ra), rb));
+        docondjump();
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LT) {
+        op_order(L, l_lti, LTnum, lessthanothers);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LE) {
+        op_order(L, l_lei, LEnum, lessequalothers);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_EQK) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb = KB(i);
+        /* basic types do not use '__eq'; we can use raw equality */
+        int cond = luaV_rawequalobj(s2v(ra), rb);
+        docondjump();
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_EQI) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int cond;
+        int im = GETARG_sB(i);
+        if (ttisinteger(s2v(ra)))
+          cond = (ivalue(s2v(ra)) == im);
+        else if (ttisfloat(s2v(ra)))
+          cond = luai_numeq(fltvalue(s2v(ra)), cast_num(im));
+        else
+          cond = 0;  /* other types cannot be equal to a number */
+        docondjump();
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LTI) {
+        op_orderI(L, l_lti, luai_numlt, 0, TM_LT);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LEI) {
+        op_orderI(L, l_lei, luai_numle, 0, TM_LE);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GTI) {
+        op_orderI(L, l_gti, luai_numgt, 1, TM_LT);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GEI) {
+        op_orderI(L, l_gei, luai_numge, 1, TM_LE);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TEST) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int cond = !l_isfalse(s2v(ra));
+        docondjump();
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TESTSET) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        if (l_isfalse(rb) == GETARG_k(i))
+          pc++;
+        else {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+          donextjump(ci);
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_CALL) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        CallInfo *newci;
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);
+        int nresults = GETARG_C(i) - 1;
+        if (b != 0)  /* fixed number of arguments? */
+          L->top.p = ra + b;  /* top signals number of arguments */
+        /* else previous instruction set top */
+        savepc(L);  /* in case of errors */
+        if ((newci = luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults)) == NULL)
+          updatetrap(ci);  /* C call; nothing else to be done */
+        else {  /* Lua call: run function in this same C frame */
+          ci = newci;
+          goto startfunc;
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TAILCALL) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);  /* number of arguments + 1 (function) */
+        int n;  /* number of results when calling a C function */
+        int nparams1 = GETARG_C(i);
+        /* delta is virtual 'func' - real 'func' (vararg functions) */
+        int delta = (nparams1) ? ci->u.l.nextraargs + nparams1 : 0;
+        if (b != 0)
+          L->top.p = ra + b;
+        else  /* previous instruction set top */
+          b = cast_int(L->top.p - ra);
+        savepc(ci);  /* several calls here can raise errors */
+        if (TESTARG_k(i)) {
+          luaF_closeupval(L, base);  /* close upvalues from current call */
+          lua_assert(L->tbclist.p < base);  /* no pending tbc variables */
+          lua_assert(base == ci->func.p + 1);
+        }
+        if ((n = luaD_pretailcall(L, ci, ra, b, delta)) < 0)  /* Lua function? */
+          goto startfunc;  /* execute the callee */
+        else {  /* C function? */
+          ci->func.p -= delta;  /* restore 'func' (if vararg) */
+          luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);  /* finish caller */
+          updatetrap(ci);  /* 'luaD_poscall' can change hooks */
+          goto ret;  /* caller returns after the tail call */
+        }
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_RETURN) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int n = GETARG_B(i) - 1;  /* number of results */
+        int nparams1 = GETARG_C(i);
+        if (n < 0)  /* not fixed? */
+          n = cast_int(L->top.p - ra);  /* get what is available */
+        savepc(ci);
+        if (TESTARG_k(i)) {  /* may there be open upvalues? */
+          ci->u2.nres = n;  /* save number of returns */
+          if (L->top.p < ci->top.p)
+            L->top.p = ci->top.p;
+          luaF_close(L, base, CLOSEKTOP, 1);
+          updatetrap(ci);
+          updatestack(ci);
+        }
+        if (nparams1)  /* vararg function? */
+          ci->func.p -= ci->u.l.nextraargs + nparams1;
+        L->top.p = ra + n;  /* set call for 'luaD_poscall' */
+        luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);
+        updatetrap(ci);  /* 'luaD_poscall' can change hooks */
+        goto ret;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_RETURN0) {
+        if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask)) {
+          StkId ra = RA(i);
+          L->top.p = ra;
+          savepc(ci);
+          luaD_poscall(L, ci, 0);  /* no hurry... */
+          trap = 1;
+        }
+        else {  /* do the 'poscall' here */
+          int nres;
+          L->ci = ci->previous;  /* back to caller */
+          L->top.p = base - 1;
+          for (nres = ci->nresults; l_unlikely(nres > 0); nres--)
+            setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p++));  /* all results are nil */
+        }
+        goto ret;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_RETURN1) {
+        if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask)) {
+          StkId ra = RA(i);
+          L->top.p = ra + 1;
+          savepc(ci);
+          luaD_poscall(L, ci, 1);  /* no hurry... */
+          trap = 1;
+        }
+        else {  /* do the 'poscall' here */
+          int nres = ci->nresults;
+          L->ci = ci->previous;  /* back to caller */
+          if (nres == 0)
+            L->top.p = base - 1;  /* asked for no results */
+          else {
+            StkId ra = RA(i);
+            setobjs2s(L, base - 1, ra);  /* at least this result */
+            L->top.p = base;
+            for (; l_unlikely(nres > 1); nres--)
+              setnilvalue(s2v(L->top.p++));  /* complete missing results */
+          }
+        }
+       ret:  /* return from a Lua function */
+        if (ci->callstatus & CIST_FRESH)
+          return;  /* end this frame */
+        else {
+          ci = ci->previous;
+          goto returning;  /* continue running caller in this frame */
+        }
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_FORLOOP) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        if (ttisinteger(s2v(ra + 2))) {  /* integer loop? */
+          lua_Unsigned count = l_castS2U(ivalue(s2v(ra + 1)));
+          if (count > 0) {  /* still more iterations? */
+            lua_Integer step = ivalue(s2v(ra + 2));
+            lua_Integer idx = ivalue(s2v(ra));  /* internal index */
+            chgivalue(s2v(ra + 1), count - 1);  /* update counter */
+            idx = intop(+, idx, step);  /* add step to index */
+            chgivalue(s2v(ra), idx);  /* update internal index */
+            setivalue(s2v(ra + 3), idx);  /* and control variable */
+            pc -= GETARG_Bx(i);  /* jump back */
+          }
+        }
+        else if (floatforloop(ra))  /* float loop */
+          pc -= GETARG_Bx(i);  /* jump back */
+        updatetrap(ci);  /* allows a signal to break the loop */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_FORPREP) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        savestate(L, ci);  /* in case of errors */
+        if (forprep(L, ra))
+          pc += GETARG_Bx(i) + 1;  /* skip the loop */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TFORPREP) {
+       StkId ra = RA(i);
+        /* create to-be-closed upvalue (if needed) */
+        halfProtect(luaF_newtbcupval(L, ra + 3));
+        pc += GETARG_Bx(i);
+        i = *(pc++);  /* go to next instruction */
+        lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORCALL && ra == RA(i));
+        goto l_tforcall;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TFORCALL) {
+       l_tforcall: {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        /* 'ra' has the iterator function, 'ra + 1' has the state,
+           'ra + 2' has the control variable, and 'ra + 3' has the
+           to-be-closed variable. The call will use the stack after
+           these values (starting at 'ra + 4')
+        */
+        /* push function, state, and control variable */
+        memcpy(ra + 4, ra, 3 * sizeof(*ra));
+        L->top.p = ra + 4 + 3;
+        ProtectNT(luaD_call(L, ra + 4, GETARG_C(i)));  /* do the call */
+        updatestack(ci);  /* stack may have changed */
+        i = *(pc++);  /* go to next instruction */
+        lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORLOOP && ra == RA(i));
+        goto l_tforloop;
+      }}
+      vmcase(OP_TFORLOOP) {
+       l_tforloop: {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        if (!ttisnil(s2v(ra + 4))) {  /* continue loop? */
+          setobjs2s(L, ra + 2, ra + 4);  /* save control variable */
+          pc -= GETARG_Bx(i);  /* jump back */
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }}
+      vmcase(OP_SETLIST) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int n = GETARG_B(i);
+        unsigned int last = GETARG_C(i);
+        Table *h = hvalue(s2v(ra));
+        if (n == 0)
+          n = cast_int(L->top.p - ra) - 1;  /* get up to the top */
+        else
+          L->top.p = ci->top.p;  /* correct top in case of emergency GC */
+        last += n;
+        if (TESTARG_k(i)) {
+          last += GETARG_Ax(*pc) * (MAXARG_C + 1);
+          pc++;
+        }
+        if (last > luaH_realasize(h))  /* needs more space? */
+          luaH_resizearray(L, h, last);  /* preallocate it at once */
+        for (; n > 0; n--) {
+          TValue *val = s2v(ra + n);
+          setobj2t(L, &h->array[last - 1], val);
+          last--;
+          luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_CLOSURE) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        Proto *p = cl->p->p[GETARG_Bx(i)];
+        halfProtect(pushclosure(L, p, cl->upvals, base, ra));
+        checkGC(L, ra + 1);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_VARARG) {
+        StkId ra = RA(i);
+        int n = GETARG_C(i) - 1;  /* required results */
+        Protect(luaT_getvarargs(L, ci, ra, n));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_VARARGPREP) {
+        ProtectNT(luaT_adjustvarargs(L, GETARG_A(i), ci, cl->p));
+        if (l_unlikely(trap)) {  /* previous "Protect" updated trap */
+          luaD_hookcall(L, ci);
+          L->oldpc = 1;  /* next opcode will be seen as a "new" line */
+        }
+        updatebase(ci);  /* function has new base after adjustment */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_EXTRAARG) {
+        lua_assert(0);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lvm.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lvm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dba1ad2770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lvm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.h $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lvm_h
+#define lvm_h
+
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_NOCVTN2S)
+#define cvt2str(o)	ttisnumber(o)
+#else
+#define cvt2str(o)	0	/* no conversion from numbers to strings */
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_NOCVTS2N)
+#define cvt2num(o)	ttisstring(o)
+#else
+#define cvt2num(o)	0	/* no conversion from strings to numbers */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** You can define LUA_FLOORN2I if you want to convert floats to integers
+** by flooring them (instead of raising an error if they are not
+** integral values)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_FLOORN2I)
+#define LUA_FLOORN2I		F2Ieq
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Rounding modes for float->integer coercion
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  F2Ieq,     /* no rounding; accepts only integral values */
+  F2Ifloor,  /* takes the floor of the number */
+  F2Iceil    /* takes the ceil of the number */
+} F2Imod;
+
+
+/* convert an object to a float (including string coercion) */
+#define tonumber(o,n) \
+	(ttisfloat(o) ? (*(n) = fltvalue(o), 1) : luaV_tonumber_(o,n))
+
+
+/* convert an object to a float (without string coercion) */
+#define tonumberns(o,n) \
+	(ttisfloat(o) ? ((n) = fltvalue(o), 1) : \
+	(ttisinteger(o) ? ((n) = cast_num(ivalue(o)), 1) : 0))
+
+
+/* convert an object to an integer (including string coercion) */
+#define tointeger(o,i) \
+  (l_likely(ttisinteger(o)) ? (*(i) = ivalue(o), 1) \
+                          : luaV_tointeger(o,i,LUA_FLOORN2I))
+
+
+/* convert an object to an integer (without string coercion) */
+#define tointegerns(o,i) \
+  (l_likely(ttisinteger(o)) ? (*(i) = ivalue(o), 1) \
+                          : luaV_tointegerns(o,i,LUA_FLOORN2I))
+
+
+#define intop(op,v1,v2) l_castU2S(l_castS2U(v1) op l_castS2U(v2))
+
+#define luaV_rawequalobj(t1,t2)		luaV_equalobj(NULL,t1,t2)
+
+
+/*
+** fast track for 'gettable': if 't' is a table and 't[k]' is present,
+** return 1 with 'slot' pointing to 't[k]' (position of final result).
+** Otherwise, return 0 (meaning it will have to check metamethod)
+** with 'slot' pointing to an empty 't[k]' (if 't' is a table) or NULL
+** (otherwise). 'f' is the raw get function to use.
+*/
+#define luaV_fastget(L,t,k,slot,f) \
+  (!ttistable(t)  \
+   ? (slot = NULL, 0)  /* not a table; 'slot' is NULL and result is 0 */  \
+   : (slot = f(hvalue(t), k),  /* else, do raw access */  \
+      !isempty(slot)))  /* result not empty? */
+
+
+/*
+** Special case of 'luaV_fastget' for integers, inlining the fast case
+** of 'luaH_getint'.
+*/
+#define luaV_fastgeti(L,t,k,slot) \
+  (!ttistable(t)  \
+   ? (slot = NULL, 0)  /* not a table; 'slot' is NULL and result is 0 */  \
+   : (slot = (l_castS2U(k) - 1u < hvalue(t)->alimit) \
+              ? &hvalue(t)->array[k - 1] : luaH_getint(hvalue(t), k), \
+      !isempty(slot)))  /* result not empty? */
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a fast set operation (when fast get succeeds). In that case,
+** 'slot' points to the place to put the value.
+*/
+#define luaV_finishfastset(L,t,slot,v) \
+    { setobj2t(L, cast(TValue *,slot), v); \
+      luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), v); }
+
+
+/*
+** Shift right is the same as shift left with a negative 'y'
+*/
+#define luaV_shiftr(x,y)	luaV_shiftl(x,intop(-, 0, y))
+
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tonumber_ (const TValue *obj, lua_Number *n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tointeger (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tointegerns (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p,
+                                F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_flttointeger (lua_Number n, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishget (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+                               StkId val, const TValue *slot);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishset (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+                               TValue *val, const TValue *slot);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_idiv (lua_State *L, lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_mod (lua_State *L, lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Number luaV_modf (lua_State *L, lua_Number x, lua_Number y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_shiftl (lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lzio.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lzio.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd0a02d5f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lzio.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.c $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lzio_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z) {
+  size_t size;
+  lua_State *L = z->L;
+  const char *buff;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  buff = z->reader(L, z->data, &size);
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (buff == NULL || size == 0)
+    return EOZ;
+  z->n = size - 1;  /* discount char being returned */
+  z->p = buff;
+  return cast_uchar(*(z->p++));
+}
+
+
+void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {
+  z->L = L;
+  z->reader = reader;
+  z->data = data;
+  z->n = 0;
+  z->p = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
+size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
+  while (n) {
+    size_t m;
+    if (z->n == 0) {  /* no bytes in buffer? */
+      if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)  /* try to read more */
+        return n;  /* no more input; return number of missing bytes */
+      else {
+        z->n++;  /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
+        z->p--;
+      }
+    }
+    m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n;  /* min. between n and z->n */
+    memcpy(b, z->p, m);
+    z->n -= m;
+    z->p += m;
+    b = (char *)b + m;
+    n -= m;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lzio.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lzio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38f397fd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/lua/src/lzio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.h $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lzio_h
+#define lzio_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+
+
+#define EOZ	(-1)			/* end of stream */
+
+typedef struct Zio ZIO;
+
+#define zgetc(z)  (((z)->n--)>0 ?  cast_uchar(*(z)->p++) : luaZ_fill(z))
+
+
+typedef struct Mbuffer {
+  char *buffer;
+  size_t n;
+  size_t buffsize;
+} Mbuffer;
+
+#define luaZ_initbuffer(L, buff) ((buff)->buffer = NULL, (buff)->buffsize = 0)
+
+#define luaZ_buffer(buff)	((buff)->buffer)
+#define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff)	((buff)->buffsize)
+#define luaZ_bufflen(buff)	((buff)->n)
+
+#define luaZ_buffremove(buff,i)	((buff)->n -= (i))
+#define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0)
+
+
+#define luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, size) \
+	((buff)->buffer = luaM_reallocvchar(L, (buff)->buffer, \
+				(buff)->buffsize, size), \
+	(buff)->buffsize = size)
+
+#define luaZ_freebuffer(L, buff)	luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, 0)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader,
+                                        void *data);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void *b, size_t n);	/* read next n bytes */
+
+
+
+/* --------- Private Part ------------------ */
+
+struct Zio {
+  size_t n;			/* bytes still unread */
+  const char *p;		/* current position in buffer */
+  lua_Reader reader;		/* reader function */
+  void *data;			/* additional data */
+  lua_State *L;			/* Lua state (for reader) */
+};
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1afdb1bdbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+add_library(sol2 INTERFACE)
+
+target_include_directories(sol2 INTERFACE  
+    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>  
+    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>
+)
+
+install(TARGETS sol2 EXPORT QtCreator)
+
+qtc_add_public_header(include/sol/sol.hpp)
+qtc_add_public_header(include/sol/config.hpp)
+qtc_add_public_header(include/sol/forward.hpp)
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/LICENSE.txt b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5813440548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2022 Rapptz, ThePhD, and contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/config.hpp b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/config.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36ef3fe47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/config.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// The MIT License (MIT)
+
+// Copyright (c) 2013-2020 Rapptz, ThePhD and contributors
+
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+// this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+// the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+// use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+// the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+// subject to the following conditions:
+
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+// COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+// IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+// CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// This file was generated with a script.
+// Generated 2024-01-13 14:25:56.570832 UTC
+// This header was generated with sol v3.3.1 (revision 9c882a28)
+// https://github.com/ThePhD/sol2
+
+#ifndef SOL_SINGLE_SOL_CONFIG_HPP
+#define SOL_SINGLE_SOL_CONFIG_HPP
+
+// beginning of sol/config.hpp
+
+/* Base, empty configuration file!
+
+     To override, place a file in your include paths of the form:
+
+. (your include path here)
+| sol (directory, or equivalent)
+  | config.hpp (your config.hpp file)
+
+     So that when sol2 includes the file
+
+#include <sol/config.hpp>
+
+     it gives you the configuration values you desire. Configuration values can be
+seen in the safety.rst of the doc/src, or at
+https://sol2.readthedocs.io/en/latest/safety.html ! You can also pass them through
+the build system, or the command line options of your compiler.
+
+*/
+
+#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTIONS 1
+#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE 1
+#define SOL_NO_NIL 1
+
+// end of sol/config.hpp
+
+#endif // SOL_SINGLE_SOL_CONFIG_HPP
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/forward.hpp b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/forward.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83fba4d254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/forward.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1340 @@
+// The MIT License (MIT)
+
+// Copyright (c) 2013-2020 Rapptz, ThePhD and contributors
+
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+// this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+// the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+// use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+// the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+// subject to the following conditions:
+
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+// COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+// IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+// CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// This file was generated with a script.
+// Generated 2024-01-13 14:25:56.569197 UTC
+// This header was generated with sol v3.3.1 (revision 9c882a28)
+// https://github.com/ThePhD/sol2
+
+#ifndef SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_SOL_FORWARD_HPP
+#define SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_SOL_FORWARD_HPP
+
+// beginning of sol/forward.hpp
+
+#ifndef SOL_FORWARD_HPP
+#define SOL_FORWARD_HPP
+
+// beginning of sol/version.hpp
+
+#include "config.hpp"
+
+#define SOL_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define SOL_VERSION_MINOR 2
+#define SOL_VERSION_PATCH 3
+#define SOL_VERSION_STRING "3.2.3"
+#define SOL_VERSION ((SOL_VERSION_MAJOR * 100000) + (SOL_VERSION_MINOR * 100) + (SOL_VERSION_PATCH))
+
+#define SOL_TOKEN_TO_STRING_POST_EXPANSION_I_(_TOKEN) #_TOKEN
+#define SOL_TOKEN_TO_STRING_I_(_TOKEN) SOL_TOKEN_TO_STRING_POST_EXPANSION_I_(_TOKEN)
+
+#define SOL_CONCAT_TOKENS_POST_EXPANSION_I_(_LEFT, _RIGHT) _LEFT##_RIGHT
+#define SOL_CONCAT_TOKENS_I_(_LEFT, _RIGHT) SOL_CONCAT_TOKENS_POST_EXPANSION_I_(_LEFT, _RIGHT)
+
+#define SOL_RAW_IS_ON(OP_SYMBOL) ((3 OP_SYMBOL 3) != 0)
+#define SOL_RAW_IS_OFF(OP_SYMBOL) ((3 OP_SYMBOL 3) == 0)
+#define SOL_RAW_IS_DEFAULT_ON(OP_SYMBOL) ((3 OP_SYMBOL 3) > 3)
+#define SOL_RAW_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(OP_SYMBOL) ((3 OP_SYMBOL 3 OP_SYMBOL 3) < 0)
+
+#define SOL_IS_ON(OP_SYMBOL) SOL_RAW_IS_ON(OP_SYMBOL ## _I_)
+#define SOL_IS_OFF(OP_SYMBOL) SOL_RAW_IS_OFF(OP_SYMBOL ## _I_)
+#define SOL_IS_DEFAULT_ON(OP_SYMBOL) SOL_RAW_IS_DEFAULT_ON(OP_SYMBOL ## _I_)
+#define SOL_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(OP_SYMBOL) SOL_RAW_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(OP_SYMBOL ## _I_)
+
+#define SOL_ON          |
+#define SOL_OFF         ^
+#define SOL_DEFAULT_ON  +
+#define SOL_DEFAULT_OFF -
+
+#if defined(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+	#if (SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE != 0)
+		#define SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__cplusplus)
+	#define SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_BUILD_C_MODE)
+	#if (SOL_BUILD_C_MODE != 0)
+		#define SOL_BUILD_C_MODE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_BUILD_C_MODE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__STDC__)
+	#define SOL_BUILD_C_MODE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_BUILD_C_MODE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_C_MODE)
+	#include <stddef.h>
+	#include <stdint.h>
+	#include <limits.h>
+#else
+	#include <cstddef>
+	#include <cstdint>
+	#include <climits>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_HAS_BUILTIN)
+	#define SOL_HAS_BUILTIN_I_(...) SOL_HAS_BUILTIN(__VA_ARGS__)
+#elif defined(__has_builtin)
+	#define SOL_HAS_BUILTIN_I_(...) __has_builtin(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+	#define SOL_HAS_BUILTIN_I_(...) 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+	#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_VCXX_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_VCXX_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_VCXX_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_VCXX_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+	#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_GCC != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_GCC_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_GCC_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_GCC_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_GCC_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+	#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_CLANG_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_CLANG_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_CLANG_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_CLANG_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_EDG)
+	#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_EDG != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_EDG_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_EDG_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_EDG_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_MINGW)
+	#if (SOL_COMPILER_MINGW != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_MINGW_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_MINGW_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_MINGW_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_MINGW_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if SIZE_MAX <= 0xFFFFULL
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X16_I_ SOL_ON
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X86_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X64_I_ SOL_OFF
+#elif SIZE_MAX <= 0xFFFFFFFFULL
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X16_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X86_I_ SOL_ON
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X64_I_ SOL_OFF
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X16_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X86_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X64_I_ SOL_ON
+#endif
+
+#define SOL_PLATFORM_ARM32_I_ SOL_OFF
+#define SOL_PLATFORM_ARM64_I_ SOL_OFF
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_UNIX)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_UNIX != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_UNIXLIKE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_UNIXLIKE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__unix__)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_UNIXLIKE_I_ SOL_DEFAUKT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_UNIXLIKE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_LINUX != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_LINUXLIKE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_LINUXLIKE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__LINUX__)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_LINUXLIKE_I_ SOL_DEFAUKT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_LINUXLIKE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_IPHONE_I_ SOL_OFF
+#define SOL_PLATFORM_BSDLIKE_I_      SOL_OFF
+
+#if defined(SOL_IN_DEBUG_DETECTED)
+	#if SOL_IN_DEBUG_DETECTED != 0
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif !defined(NDEBUG)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) && defined(_DEBUG)
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif (SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // We are in a debug mode of some sort
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
+	#if (SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS != 0)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+	#if !defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+	#if !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_RTTI)
+	#if (SOL_NO_RTTI != 0)
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+	#if !defined(_CPPRTTI)
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+	#if !defined(__GXX_RTTI)
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_THREAD_LOCAL)
+	#if SOL_NO_THREAD_LOCAL != 0
+		#define SOL_USE_THREAD_LOCAL_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_THREAD_LOCAL_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_THREAD_LOCAL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif // thread_local keyword is bjorked on some platforms
+
+#if defined(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+	#if SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON != 0
+		#define SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_GETTER)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_GETTER != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTIONS)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_FUNCTIONS != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined (SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_PROXIES)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_PROXIES != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT)
+	#if (SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT != 0)
+		#define SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif !SOL_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS) && SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS)
+	// if numerics is intentionally turned off, flip this on
+	#define SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	// default to off
+	#define SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_CHECK_NUMBER_PRECISION)
+	#if SOL_NO_CHECK_NUMBER_PRECISION != 0
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_NO_CHECKING_NUMBER_PRECISION)
+	#if SOL_NO_CHECKING_NUMBER_PRECISION != 0
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS)
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS)
+	#if (SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS != 0)
+		#define SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ENABLE_INTEROP)
+	#if SOL_ENABLE_INTEROP != 0
+		#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_USE_INTEROP)
+	#if SOL_USE_INTEROP != 0
+		#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_NIL)
+	#if (SOL_NO_NIL != 0)
+		#define SOL_NIL_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_NIL_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED) || defined(__OBJC__) || defined(nil)
+	#define SOL_NIL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#else
+	#define SOL_NIL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO)
+	#if (SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO != 0)
+		#define SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif // We should generate a my_type.__type table with lots of class information for usertypes
+
+#if defined(SOL_AUTOMAGICAL_TYPES_BY_DEFAULT)
+	#if (SOL_AUTOMAGICAL_TYPES_BY_DEFAULT != 0)
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES)
+	#if (SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES != 0)
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif // make is_automagical on/off by default
+
+#if defined(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+	#if (SOL_STD_VARIANT != 0)
+		#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG) && SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE)
+		#if defined(__has_include)
+			#if __has_include(<variant>)
+				#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+			#else
+				#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+			#endif
+		#else
+			#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+		#endif
+	#else
+		#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#endif
+#endif // make is_automagical on/off by default
+
+#if defined(SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+	#if (SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if defined(__cpp_noexcept_function_type)
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) && (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && (_MSVC_LANG < 201403L))
+		// There is a bug in the VC++ compiler??
+		// on /std:c++latest under x86 conditions (VS 15.5.2),
+		// compiler errors are tossed for noexcept markings being on function types
+		// that are identical in every other way to their non-noexcept marked types function types...
+		// VS 2019: There is absolutely a bug.
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#endif
+#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type
+
+#if defined(SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE) && SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE > 0
+	#define SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_ SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE
+#else
+	#define SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_ 1024
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ID_SIZE) && SOL_ID_SIZE > 0
+	#define SOL_ID_SIZE_I_ SOL_ID_SIZE
+#else
+	#define SOL_ID_SIZE_I_ 512
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_IDSIZE) && LUA_IDSIZE > 0
+	#define SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE_I_ LUA_IDSIZE
+#elif defined(SOL_ID_SIZE) && SOL_ID_SIZE > 0
+	#define SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE_I_ SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE
+#else
+	#define SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE_I_ 2048
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PRINT_ERRORS)
+	#if (SOL_PRINT_ERRORS != 0)
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR)
+	#if (SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR != 0)
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA)
+	#if (SOL_USING_CXX_LUA != 0)
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_USE_CXX_LUA)
+	// alternative spelling
+	#if (SOL_USE_CXX_LUA != 0)
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT)
+	#if (SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT != 0)
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_USE_CXX_LUAJIT)
+	#if (SOL_USE_CXX_LUAJIT != 0)
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_LUA_HPP)
+	#if (SOL_NO_LUA_HPP != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA)
+	#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_OFF
+#elif defined(__has_include)
+	#if __has_include(<lua.hpp>)
+		#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_CONTAINERS_START)
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_ SOL_CONTAINERS_START
+#elif defined(SOL_CONTAINERS_START_INDEX)
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_ SOL_CONTAINERS_START_INDEX
+#elif defined(SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX)
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_ SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX
+#else
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_ 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined (SOL_NO_MEMORY_ALIGNMENT)
+	#if (SOL_NO_MEMORY_ALIGNMENT != 0)
+		#define SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+	#if (SOL_USE_BOOST != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_BOOST_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_BOOST_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+		#define SOL_USE_BOOST_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP)
+	#if (SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL)
+	#if (SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL != 0)
+		#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if defined(UE_BUILD_DEBUG) || defined(UE_BUILD_DEVELOPMENT) || defined(UE_BUILD_TEST) || defined(UE_BUILD_SHIPPING) || defined(UE_SERVER)
+		#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_COMPAT)
+	#if (SOL_NO_COMPAT != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_COMPATIBILITY_LAYER_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_COMPATIBILITY_LAYER_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_COMPATIBILITY_LAYER_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+	#if (SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE != 0)
+		#define SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE)
+	#if (SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE != 0)
+		#define SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS)
+	#if (SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS != 0)
+		#define SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED)
+	#if (SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED != 0)
+		#define SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_MINGW) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 6)
+	// MinGW is off its rocker in some places...
+	#define SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+	#if (SOL_CHAR8_T != 0)
+		#define SOL_CHAR8_T_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_CHAR8_T_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
+		#define SOL_CHAR8_T_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_CHAR8_T_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+	#include <boost/version.hpp>
+
+	#if BOOST_VERSION >= 107500 // Since Boost 1.75.0 boost::none is constexpr
+		#define SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ constexpr
+	#else
+		#define SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ const
+	#endif // BOOST_VERSION
+#else
+	// assume boost isn't using a garbage version
+	#define SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ constexpr
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL2_CI)
+	#if (SOL2_CI != 0)
+		#define SOL2_CI_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL2_CI_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL2_CI_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ASSERT)
+	#define SOL_USER_ASSERT_I_ SOL_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_USER_ASSERT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ASSERT_MSG)
+	#define SOL_USER_ASSERT_MSG_I_ SOL_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_USER_ASSERT_MSG_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+// beginning of sol/prologue.hpp
+
+#if defined(SOL_PROLOGUE_I_)
+	#error "[sol2] Library Prologue was already included in translation unit and not properly ended with an epilogue."
+#endif
+
+#define SOL_PROLOGUE_I_ 1
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+	#define _FWD(...) static_cast<decltype( __VA_ARGS__ )&&>( __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define _MOVE(...) static_cast<__typeof( __VA_ARGS__ )&&>( __VA_ARGS__ )
+	#else
+		#include <type_traits>
+		
+		#define _MOVE(...) static_cast<::std::remove_reference_t<( __VA_ARGS__ )>&&>( __VA_OPT__(,) )
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/prologue.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/epilogue.hpp
+
+#if !defined(SOL_PROLOGUE_I_)
+	#error "[sol2] Library Prologue is missing from this translation unit."
+#else
+	#undef SOL_PROLOGUE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+	#undef _FWD
+	#undef _MOVE
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/epilogue.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/detail/build_version.hpp
+
+#if defined(SOL_DLL)
+	#if (SOL_DLL != 0)
+		#define SOL_DLL_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DLL_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) && (defined(DLL_) || defined(_DLL))
+	#define SOL_DLL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_DLL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // DLL definition
+
+#if defined(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#if (SOL_HEADER_ONLY != 0)
+		#define SOL_HEADER_ONLY_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_HEADER_ONLY_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_HEADER_ONLY_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // Header only library
+
+#if defined(SOL_BUILD)
+	#if (SOL_BUILD != 0)
+		#define SOL_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_BUILD_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_BUILD_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#else
+	#define SOL_BUILD_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_UNITY_BUILD)
+	#if (SOL_UNITY_BUILD != 0)
+		#define SOL_UNITY_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_UNITY_BUILD_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_UNITY_BUILD_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // Header only library
+
+#if defined(SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE)
+	#define SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE_I_ SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+		// C++
+		#define SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE_I_ extern "C"
+	#else
+		// normal
+		#define SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE_I_
+	#endif // C++ or not
+#endif // Linkage specification for C functions
+
+#if defined(SOL_API_LINKAGE)
+	#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN)
+			// MSVC Compiler; or, Windows, or Cygwin platforms
+			#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+				// Building the library
+				#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+					// Using GCC
+					#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ __attribute__((dllexport))
+				#else
+					// Using Clang, MSVC, etc...
+					#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ __declspec(dllexport)
+				#endif
+			#else
+				#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+					#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ __attribute__((dllimport))
+				#else
+					#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ __declspec(dllimport)
+				#endif
+			#endif
+		#else
+			// extern if building normally on non-MSVC
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ extern
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_UNITY_BUILD)
+		// Built-in library, like how stb typical works
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+			// Header only, so functions are defined "inline"
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ inline
+		#else
+			// Not header only, so seperately compiled files
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ extern
+		#endif
+	#else
+		// Normal static library
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+		#else
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ extern
+		#endif
+	#endif // DLL or not
+#endif // Build definitions
+
+#if defined(SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DECL)
+	#define SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DECL
+#else
+	#define SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DECL_)
+	#define SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DECL_
+#else
+	#define SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DEF)
+	#define SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DEF_I_ SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DEF
+#else
+	#define SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DEF_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DEF)
+	#define SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DEF_I_ SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DEF
+#else
+	#define SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DEF_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_FUNC_DECL)
+	#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_FUNC_DECL
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ 
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+			#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __declspec(dllexport)
+		#else
+			#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __declspec(dllimport)
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+	#else
+		#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_FUNC_DEFN)
+	#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ SOL_FUNC_DEFN
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ inline
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+			#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ __declspec(dllexport)
+		#else
+			#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ __declspec(dllimport)
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+	#else
+		#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL)
+	#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ 
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+			#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __declspec(dllexport)
+		#else
+			#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __declspec(dllimport)
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+	#else
+		#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN)
+	#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ inline
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+			#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ 
+		#else
+			#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ 
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
+	#else
+		#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/detail/build_version.hpp
+
+// end of sol/version.hpp
+
+#include <utility>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT)
+struct lua_State;
+#else
+extern "C" {
+struct lua_State;
+}
+#endif // C++ Mangling for Lua vs. Not
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	enum class type;
+
+	class stateless_reference;
+	template <bool b>
+	class basic_reference;
+	using reference = basic_reference<false>;
+	using main_reference = basic_reference<true>;
+	class stateless_stack_reference;
+	class stack_reference;
+
+	template <typename A>
+	class basic_bytecode;
+
+	struct lua_value;
+
+	struct proxy_base_tag;
+	template <typename>
+	struct proxy_base;
+	template <typename, typename>
+	struct table_proxy;
+
+	template <bool, typename>
+	class basic_table_core;
+	template <bool b>
+	using table_core = basic_table_core<b, reference>;
+	template <bool b>
+	using main_table_core = basic_table_core<b, main_reference>;
+	template <bool b>
+	using stack_table_core = basic_table_core<b, stack_reference>;
+	template <typename base_type>
+	using basic_table = basic_table_core<false, base_type>;
+	using table = table_core<false>;
+	using global_table = table_core<true>;
+	using main_table = main_table_core<false>;
+	using main_global_table = main_table_core<true>;
+	using stack_table = stack_table_core<false>;
+	using stack_global_table = stack_table_core<true>;
+
+	template <typename>
+	struct basic_lua_table;
+	using lua_table = basic_lua_table<reference>;
+	using stack_lua_table = basic_lua_table<stack_reference>;
+
+	template <typename T, typename base_type>
+	class basic_usertype;
+	template <typename T>
+	using usertype = basic_usertype<T, reference>;
+	template <typename T>
+	using stack_usertype = basic_usertype<T, stack_reference>;
+
+	template <typename base_type>
+	class basic_metatable;
+	using metatable = basic_metatable<reference>;
+	using stack_metatable = basic_metatable<stack_reference>;
+
+	template <typename base_t>
+	struct basic_environment;
+	using environment = basic_environment<reference>;
+	using main_environment = basic_environment<main_reference>;
+	using stack_environment = basic_environment<stack_reference>;
+
+	template <typename T, bool>
+	class basic_function;
+	template <typename T, bool, typename H>
+	class basic_protected_function;
+	using unsafe_function = basic_function<reference, false>;
+	using safe_function = basic_protected_function<reference, false, reference>;
+	using main_unsafe_function = basic_function<main_reference, false>;
+	using main_safe_function = basic_protected_function<main_reference, false, reference>;
+	using stack_unsafe_function = basic_function<stack_reference, false>;
+	using stack_safe_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, false, reference>;
+	using stack_aligned_unsafe_function = basic_function<stack_reference, true>;
+	using stack_aligned_safe_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, true, reference>;
+	using protected_function = safe_function;
+	using main_protected_function = main_safe_function;
+	using stack_protected_function = stack_safe_function;
+	using stack_aligned_protected_function = stack_aligned_safe_function;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS)
+	using function = protected_function;
+	using main_function = main_protected_function;
+	using stack_function = stack_protected_function;
+	using stack_aligned_function = stack_aligned_safe_function;
+#else
+	using function = unsafe_function;
+	using main_function = main_unsafe_function;
+	using stack_function = stack_unsafe_function;
+	using stack_aligned_function = stack_aligned_unsafe_function;
+#endif
+	using stack_aligned_stack_handler_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, true, stack_reference>;
+
+	struct unsafe_function_result;
+	struct protected_function_result;
+	using safe_function_result = protected_function_result;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS)
+	using function_result = safe_function_result;
+#else
+	using function_result = unsafe_function_result;
+#endif
+
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_object_base;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_object;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_userdata;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_lightuserdata;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_coroutine;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_packaged_coroutine;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_thread;
+
+	using object = basic_object<reference>;
+	using userdata = basic_userdata<reference>;
+	using lightuserdata = basic_lightuserdata<reference>;
+	using thread = basic_thread<reference>;
+	using coroutine = basic_coroutine<reference>;
+	using packaged_coroutine = basic_packaged_coroutine<reference>;
+	using main_object = basic_object<main_reference>;
+	using main_userdata = basic_userdata<main_reference>;
+	using main_lightuserdata = basic_lightuserdata<main_reference>;
+	using main_coroutine = basic_coroutine<main_reference>;
+	using stack_object = basic_object<stack_reference>;
+	using stack_userdata = basic_userdata<stack_reference>;
+	using stack_lightuserdata = basic_lightuserdata<stack_reference>;
+	using stack_thread = basic_thread<stack_reference>;
+	using stack_coroutine = basic_coroutine<stack_reference>;
+
+	struct stack_proxy_base;
+	struct stack_proxy;
+	struct variadic_args;
+	struct variadic_results;
+	struct stack_count;
+	struct this_state;
+	struct this_main_state;
+	struct this_environment;
+
+	class state_view;
+	class state;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_table_t;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_container_t;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct nested;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct light;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct user;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_args_t;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct protect_t;
+	template <typename F, typename... Policies>
+	struct policy_wrapper;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct usertype_traits;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unique_usertype_traits;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct types {
+		typedef std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)> indices;
+		static constexpr std::size_t size() {
+			return sizeof...(Args);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct derive : std::false_type {
+		typedef types<> type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct base : std::false_type {
+		typedef types<> type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct weak_derive {
+		static bool value;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	bool weak_derive<T>::value = false;
+
+	namespace stack {
+		struct record;
+	}
+
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+	template <class T>
+	class optional;
+
+	template <class T>
+	class optional<T&>;
+#endif
+
+	using check_handler_type = int(lua_State*, int, type, type, const char*);
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+#define SOL_BASE_CLASSES(T, ...)                       \
+	namespace sol {                                   \
+		template <>                                  \
+		struct base<T> : std::true_type {            \
+			typedef ::sol::types<__VA_ARGS__> type; \
+		};                                           \
+	}                                                 \
+	static_assert(true, "")
+#define SOL_DERIVED_CLASSES(T, ...)                    \
+	namespace sol {                                   \
+		template <>                                  \
+		struct derive<T> : std::true_type {          \
+			typedef ::sol::types<__VA_ARGS__> type; \
+		};                                           \
+	}                                                 \
+	static_assert(true, "")
+
+#endif // SOL_FORWARD_HPP
+// end of sol/forward.hpp
+
+#endif // SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_SOL_FORWARD_HPP
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/sol.hpp b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/sol.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85665a50c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include/sol/sol.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29202 @@
+// The MIT License (MIT)
+
+// Copyright (c) 2013-2020 Rapptz, ThePhD and contributors
+
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+// this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+// the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+// use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+// the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+// subject to the following conditions:
+
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+// COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+// IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+// CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// This file was generated with a script.
+// Generated 2024-01-13 14:25:56.532275 UTC
+// This header was generated with sol v3.3.1 (revision 9c882a28)
+// https://github.com/ThePhD/sol2
+
+#ifndef SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_SOL_HPP
+#define SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_SOL_HPP
+
+// beginning of sol/sol.hpp
+
+#ifndef SOL_HPP
+#define SOL_HPP
+
+// beginning of sol/version.hpp
+
+#include "config.hpp"
+
+#define SOL_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define SOL_VERSION_MINOR 2
+#define SOL_VERSION_PATCH 3
+#define SOL_VERSION_STRING "3.2.3"
+#define SOL_VERSION ((SOL_VERSION_MAJOR * 100000) + (SOL_VERSION_MINOR * 100) + (SOL_VERSION_PATCH))
+
+#define SOL_TOKEN_TO_STRING_POST_EXPANSION_I_(_TOKEN) #_TOKEN
+#define SOL_TOKEN_TO_STRING_I_(_TOKEN) SOL_TOKEN_TO_STRING_POST_EXPANSION_I_(_TOKEN)
+
+#define SOL_CONCAT_TOKENS_POST_EXPANSION_I_(_LEFT, _RIGHT) _LEFT##_RIGHT
+#define SOL_CONCAT_TOKENS_I_(_LEFT, _RIGHT) SOL_CONCAT_TOKENS_POST_EXPANSION_I_(_LEFT, _RIGHT)
+
+#define SOL_RAW_IS_ON(OP_SYMBOL) ((3 OP_SYMBOL 3) != 0)
+#define SOL_RAW_IS_OFF(OP_SYMBOL) ((3 OP_SYMBOL 3) == 0)
+#define SOL_RAW_IS_DEFAULT_ON(OP_SYMBOL) ((3 OP_SYMBOL 3) > 3)
+#define SOL_RAW_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(OP_SYMBOL) ((3 OP_SYMBOL 3 OP_SYMBOL 3) < 0)
+
+#define SOL_IS_ON(OP_SYMBOL) SOL_RAW_IS_ON(OP_SYMBOL ## _I_)
+#define SOL_IS_OFF(OP_SYMBOL) SOL_RAW_IS_OFF(OP_SYMBOL ## _I_)
+#define SOL_IS_DEFAULT_ON(OP_SYMBOL) SOL_RAW_IS_DEFAULT_ON(OP_SYMBOL ## _I_)
+#define SOL_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(OP_SYMBOL) SOL_RAW_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(OP_SYMBOL ## _I_)
+
+#define SOL_ON          |
+#define SOL_OFF         ^
+#define SOL_DEFAULT_ON  +
+#define SOL_DEFAULT_OFF -
+
+#if defined(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+	#if (SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE != 0)
+		#define SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__cplusplus)
+	#define SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_BUILD_C_MODE)
+	#if (SOL_BUILD_C_MODE != 0)
+		#define SOL_BUILD_C_MODE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_BUILD_C_MODE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__STDC__)
+	#define SOL_BUILD_C_MODE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_BUILD_C_MODE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_C_MODE)
+	#include <stddef.h>
+	#include <stdint.h>
+	#include <limits.h>
+#else
+	#include <cstddef>
+	#include <cstdint>
+	#include <climits>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_HAS_BUILTIN)
+	#define SOL_HAS_BUILTIN_I_(...) SOL_HAS_BUILTIN(__VA_ARGS__)
+#elif defined(__has_builtin)
+	#define SOL_HAS_BUILTIN_I_(...) __has_builtin(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+	#define SOL_HAS_BUILTIN_I_(...) 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+	#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_VCXX_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_VCXX_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_VCXX_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_VCXX_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+	#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_GCC != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_GCC_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_GCC_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_GCC_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_GCC_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+	#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_CLANG_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_CLANG_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_CLANG_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_CLANG_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_EDG)
+	#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_EDG != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_EDG_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_EDG_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_EDG_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_COMPILER_MINGW)
+	#if (SOL_COMPILER_MINGW != 0)
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_MINGW_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_COMPILER_MINGW_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_MINGW_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_COMPILER_MINGW_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if SIZE_MAX <= 0xFFFFULL
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X16_I_ SOL_ON
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X86_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X64_I_ SOL_OFF
+#elif SIZE_MAX <= 0xFFFFFFFFULL
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X16_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X86_I_ SOL_ON
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X64_I_ SOL_OFF
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X16_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X86_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_X64_I_ SOL_ON
+#endif
+
+#define SOL_PLATFORM_ARM32_I_ SOL_OFF
+#define SOL_PLATFORM_ARM64_I_ SOL_OFF
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_UNIX)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_UNIX != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_UNIXLIKE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_UNIXLIKE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__unix__)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_UNIXLIKE_I_ SOL_DEFAUKT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_UNIXLIKE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+	#if (SOL_PLATFORM_LINUX != 0)
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_LINUXLIKE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PLATFORM_LINUXLIKE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__LINUX__)
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_LINUXLIKE_I_ SOL_DEFAUKT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_PLATFORM_LINUXLIKE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#define SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE_IPHONE_I_ SOL_OFF
+#define SOL_PLATFORM_BSDLIKE_I_      SOL_OFF
+
+#if defined(SOL_IN_DEBUG_DETECTED)
+	#if SOL_IN_DEBUG_DETECTED != 0
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif !defined(NDEBUG)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) && defined(_DEBUG)
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif (SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_DEBUG_BUILD_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // We are in a debug mode of some sort
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
+	#if (SOL_NO_EXCEPTIONS != 0)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+	#if !defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+	#if !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_RTTI)
+	#if (SOL_NO_RTTI != 0)
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+	#if !defined(_CPPRTTI)
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+	#if !defined(__GXX_RTTI)
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_RTTI_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_THREAD_LOCAL)
+	#if SOL_NO_THREAD_LOCAL != 0
+		#define SOL_USE_THREAD_LOCAL_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_THREAD_LOCAL_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_THREAD_LOCAL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif // thread_local keyword is bjorked on some platforms
+
+#if defined(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+	#if SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON != 0
+		#define SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_GETTER)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_GETTER != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_GETTER_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTIONS)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_FUNCTIONS != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined (SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_PROXIES)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_PROXIES != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_PROXIES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT)
+	#if (SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT != 0)
+		#define SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif !SOL_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS) && SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS)
+	// if numerics is intentionally turned off, flip this on
+	#define SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	// default to off
+	#define SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+	#if SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK != 0
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_CHECK_NUMBER_PRECISION)
+	#if SOL_NO_CHECK_NUMBER_PRECISION != 0
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_NO_CHECKING_NUMBER_PRECISION)
+	#if SOL_NO_CHECKING_NUMBER_PRECISION != 0
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_NUMERICS)
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS)
+	#if (SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS != 0)
+		#define SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ENABLE_INTEROP)
+	#if SOL_ENABLE_INTEROP != 0
+		#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_USE_INTEROP)
+	#if SOL_USE_INTEROP != 0
+		#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_INTEROP_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_NIL)
+	#if (SOL_NO_NIL != 0)
+		#define SOL_NIL_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_NIL_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED) || defined(__OBJC__) || defined(nil)
+	#define SOL_NIL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#else
+	#define SOL_NIL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO)
+	#if (SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO != 0)
+		#define SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USERTYPE_TYPE_BINDING_INFO_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif // We should generate a my_type.__type table with lots of class information for usertypes
+
+#if defined(SOL_AUTOMAGICAL_TYPES_BY_DEFAULT)
+	#if (SOL_AUTOMAGICAL_TYPES_BY_DEFAULT != 0)
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES)
+	#if (SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES != 0)
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif // make is_automagical on/off by default
+
+#if defined(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+	#if (SOL_STD_VARIANT != 0)
+		#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG) && SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PLATFORM_APPLE)
+		#if defined(__has_include)
+			#if __has_include(<variant>)
+				#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+			#else
+				#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+			#endif
+		#else
+			#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+		#endif
+	#else
+		#define SOL_STD_VARIANT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#endif
+#endif // make is_automagical on/off by default
+
+#if defined(SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+	#if (SOL_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if defined(__cpp_noexcept_function_type)
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) && (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && (_MSVC_LANG < 201403L))
+		// There is a bug in the VC++ compiler??
+		// on /std:c++latest under x86 conditions (VS 15.5.2),
+		// compiler errors are tossed for noexcept markings being on function types
+		// that are identical in every other way to their non-noexcept marked types function types...
+		// VS 2019: There is absolutely a bug.
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#endif
+#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type
+
+#if defined(SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE) && SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE > 0
+	#define SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_ SOL_STACK_STRING_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE
+#else
+	#define SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_ 1024
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ID_SIZE) && SOL_ID_SIZE > 0
+	#define SOL_ID_SIZE_I_ SOL_ID_SIZE
+#else
+	#define SOL_ID_SIZE_I_ 512
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_IDSIZE) && LUA_IDSIZE > 0
+	#define SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE_I_ LUA_IDSIZE
+#elif defined(SOL_ID_SIZE) && SOL_ID_SIZE > 0
+	#define SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE_I_ SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE
+#else
+	#define SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE_I_ 2048
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PRINT_ERRORS)
+	#if (SOL_PRINT_ERRORS != 0)
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_SAFETIES_ON)
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PRINT_ERRORS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR)
+	#if (SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR != 0)
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA)
+	#if (SOL_USING_CXX_LUA != 0)
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_USE_CXX_LUA)
+	// alternative spelling
+	#if (SOL_USE_CXX_LUA != 0)
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUA_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT)
+	#if (SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT != 0)
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_USE_CXX_LUAJIT)
+	#if (SOL_USE_CXX_LUAJIT != 0)
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_LUA_HPP)
+	#if (SOL_NO_LUA_HPP != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA)
+	#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_OFF
+#elif defined(__has_include)
+	#if __has_include(<lua.hpp>)
+		#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_LUA_HPP_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_CONTAINERS_START)
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_ SOL_CONTAINERS_START
+#elif defined(SOL_CONTAINERS_START_INDEX)
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_ SOL_CONTAINERS_START_INDEX
+#elif defined(SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX)
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_ SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX
+#else
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_ 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined (SOL_NO_MEMORY_ALIGNMENT)
+	#if (SOL_NO_MEMORY_ALIGNMENT != 0)
+		#define SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+	#if (SOL_USE_BOOST != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_BOOST_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_BOOST_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+		#define SOL_USE_BOOST_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP)
+	#if (SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL)
+	#if (SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL != 0)
+		#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if defined(UE_BUILD_DEBUG) || defined(UE_BUILD_DEVELOPMENT) || defined(UE_BUILD_TEST) || defined(UE_BUILD_SHIPPING) || defined(UE_SERVER)
+		#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_NO_COMPAT)
+	#if (SOL_NO_COMPAT != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_COMPATIBILITY_LAYER_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_COMPATIBILITY_LAYER_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_COMPATIBILITY_LAYER_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+	#if (SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE != 0)
+		#define SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE)
+	#if (SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE != 0)
+		#define SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_CONTAINER_CHECK_IS_EXHAUSTIVE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS)
+	#if (SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS != 0)
+		#define SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED)
+	#if (SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED != 0)
+		#define SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_MINGW) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 6)
+	// MinGW is off its rocker in some places...
+	#define SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+	#if (SOL_CHAR8_T != 0)
+		#define SOL_CHAR8_T_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_CHAR8_T_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
+		#define SOL_CHAR8_T_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_CHAR8_T_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+	#include <boost/version.hpp>
+
+	#if BOOST_VERSION >= 107500 // Since Boost 1.75.0 boost::none is constexpr
+		#define SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ constexpr
+	#else
+		#define SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ const
+	#endif // BOOST_VERSION
+#else
+	// assume boost isn't using a garbage version
+	#define SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ constexpr
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL2_CI)
+	#if (SOL2_CI != 0)
+		#define SOL2_CI_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL2_CI_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL2_CI_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ASSERT)
+	#define SOL_USER_ASSERT_I_ SOL_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_USER_ASSERT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_ASSERT_MSG)
+	#define SOL_USER_ASSERT_MSG_I_ SOL_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_USER_ASSERT_MSG_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+// beginning of sol/prologue.hpp
+
+#if defined(SOL_PROLOGUE_I_)
+	#error "[sol2] Library Prologue was already included in translation unit and not properly ended with an epilogue."
+#endif
+
+#define SOL_PROLOGUE_I_ 1
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+	#define _FWD(...) static_cast<decltype( __VA_ARGS__ )&&>( __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define _MOVE(...) static_cast<__typeof( __VA_ARGS__ )&&>( __VA_ARGS__ )
+	#else
+		#include <type_traits>
+		
+		#define _MOVE(...) static_cast<::std::remove_reference_t<( __VA_ARGS__ )>&&>( __VA_OPT__(,) )
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/prologue.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/epilogue.hpp
+
+#if !defined(SOL_PROLOGUE_I_)
+	#error "[sol2] Library Prologue is missing from this translation unit."
+#else
+	#undef SOL_PROLOGUE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+	#undef _FWD
+	#undef _MOVE
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/epilogue.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/detail/build_version.hpp
+
+#if defined(SOL_DLL)
+	#if (SOL_DLL != 0)
+		#define SOL_DLL_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DLL_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) && (defined(DLL_) || defined(_DLL))
+	#define SOL_DLL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_DLL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // DLL definition
+
+#if defined(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#if (SOL_HEADER_ONLY != 0)
+		#define SOL_HEADER_ONLY_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_HEADER_ONLY_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_HEADER_ONLY_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // Header only library
+
+#if defined(SOL_BUILD)
+	#if (SOL_BUILD != 0)
+		#define SOL_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_BUILD_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_BUILD_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#else
+	#define SOL_BUILD_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_UNITY_BUILD)
+	#if (SOL_UNITY_BUILD != 0)
+		#define SOL_UNITY_BUILD_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_UNITY_BUILD_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_UNITY_BUILD_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // Header only library
+
+#if defined(SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE)
+	#define SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE_I_ SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+		// C++
+		#define SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE_I_ extern "C"
+	#else
+		// normal
+		#define SOL_C_FUNCTION_LINKAGE_I_
+	#endif // C++ or not
+#endif // Linkage specification for C functions
+
+#if defined(SOL_API_LINKAGE)
+	#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PLATFORM_WINDOWS) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PLATFORM_CYGWIN)
+			// MSVC Compiler; or, Windows, or Cygwin platforms
+			#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+				// Building the library
+				#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+					// Using GCC
+					#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ __attribute__((dllexport))
+				#else
+					// Using Clang, MSVC, etc...
+					#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ __declspec(dllexport)
+				#endif
+			#else
+				#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+					#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ __attribute__((dllimport))
+				#else
+					#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ __declspec(dllimport)
+				#endif
+			#endif
+		#else
+			// extern if building normally on non-MSVC
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ extern
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_UNITY_BUILD)
+		// Built-in library, like how stb typical works
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+			// Header only, so functions are defined "inline"
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ inline
+		#else
+			// Not header only, so seperately compiled files
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ extern
+		#endif
+	#else
+		// Normal static library
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD_CXX_MODE)
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+		#else
+			#define SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_ extern
+		#endif
+	#endif // DLL or not
+#endif // Build definitions
+
+#if defined(SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DECL)
+	#define SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DECL
+#else
+	#define SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DECL_)
+	#define SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DECL_
+#else
+	#define SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DEF)
+	#define SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DEF_I_ SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DEF
+#else
+	#define SOL_PUBLIC_FUNC_DEF_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DEF)
+	#define SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DEF_I_ SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DEF
+#else
+	#define SOL_INTERNAL_FUNC_DEF_I_ SOL_API_LINKAGE_I_
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_FUNC_DECL)
+	#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_FUNC_DECL
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ 
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+			#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __declspec(dllexport)
+		#else
+			#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __declspec(dllimport)
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+	#else
+		#define SOL_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_FUNC_DEFN)
+	#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ SOL_FUNC_DEFN
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ inline
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+			#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ __declspec(dllexport)
+		#else
+			#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ __declspec(dllimport)
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_ __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+	#else
+		#define SOL_FUNC_DEFN_I_
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL)
+	#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ 
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+			#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __declspec(dllexport)
+		#else
+			#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __declspec(dllimport)
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+	#else
+		#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DECL_I_ extern
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN)
+	#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_HEADER_ONLY)
+	#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ inline
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DLL)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_BUILD)
+			#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ 
+		#else
+			#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ 
+		#endif
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+		#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_ __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
+	#else
+		#define SOL_HIDDEN_FUNC_DEFN_I_
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/detail/build_version.hpp
+
+// end of sol/version.hpp
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE)
+#ifdef check
+#pragma push_macro("check")
+#undef check
+#endif
+#endif // Unreal Engine 4 Bullshit
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"
+#if __GNUC__ > 6
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnoexcept-type"
+#endif
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4505) // unreferenced local function has been removed GEE THANKS
+#endif                          // clang++ vs. g++ vs. VC++
+
+// beginning of sol/forward.hpp
+
+#ifndef SOL_FORWARD_HPP
+#define SOL_FORWARD_HPP
+
+#include <utility>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT)
+struct lua_State;
+#else
+extern "C" {
+struct lua_State;
+}
+#endif // C++ Mangling for Lua vs. Not
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	enum class type;
+
+	class stateless_reference;
+	template <bool b>
+	class basic_reference;
+	using reference = basic_reference<false>;
+	using main_reference = basic_reference<true>;
+	class stateless_stack_reference;
+	class stack_reference;
+
+	template <typename A>
+	class basic_bytecode;
+
+	struct lua_value;
+
+	struct proxy_base_tag;
+	template <typename>
+	struct proxy_base;
+	template <typename, typename>
+	struct table_proxy;
+
+	template <bool, typename>
+	class basic_table_core;
+	template <bool b>
+	using table_core = basic_table_core<b, reference>;
+	template <bool b>
+	using main_table_core = basic_table_core<b, main_reference>;
+	template <bool b>
+	using stack_table_core = basic_table_core<b, stack_reference>;
+	template <typename base_type>
+	using basic_table = basic_table_core<false, base_type>;
+	using table = table_core<false>;
+	using global_table = table_core<true>;
+	using main_table = main_table_core<false>;
+	using main_global_table = main_table_core<true>;
+	using stack_table = stack_table_core<false>;
+	using stack_global_table = stack_table_core<true>;
+
+	template <typename>
+	struct basic_lua_table;
+	using lua_table = basic_lua_table<reference>;
+	using stack_lua_table = basic_lua_table<stack_reference>;
+
+	template <typename T, typename base_type>
+	class basic_usertype;
+	template <typename T>
+	using usertype = basic_usertype<T, reference>;
+	template <typename T>
+	using stack_usertype = basic_usertype<T, stack_reference>;
+
+	template <typename base_type>
+	class basic_metatable;
+	using metatable = basic_metatable<reference>;
+	using stack_metatable = basic_metatable<stack_reference>;
+
+	template <typename base_t>
+	struct basic_environment;
+	using environment = basic_environment<reference>;
+	using main_environment = basic_environment<main_reference>;
+	using stack_environment = basic_environment<stack_reference>;
+
+	template <typename T, bool>
+	class basic_function;
+	template <typename T, bool, typename H>
+	class basic_protected_function;
+	using unsafe_function = basic_function<reference, false>;
+	using safe_function = basic_protected_function<reference, false, reference>;
+	using main_unsafe_function = basic_function<main_reference, false>;
+	using main_safe_function = basic_protected_function<main_reference, false, reference>;
+	using stack_unsafe_function = basic_function<stack_reference, false>;
+	using stack_safe_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, false, reference>;
+	using stack_aligned_unsafe_function = basic_function<stack_reference, true>;
+	using stack_aligned_safe_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, true, reference>;
+	using protected_function = safe_function;
+	using main_protected_function = main_safe_function;
+	using stack_protected_function = stack_safe_function;
+	using stack_aligned_protected_function = stack_aligned_safe_function;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS)
+	using function = protected_function;
+	using main_function = main_protected_function;
+	using stack_function = stack_protected_function;
+	using stack_aligned_function = stack_aligned_safe_function;
+#else
+	using function = unsafe_function;
+	using main_function = main_unsafe_function;
+	using stack_function = stack_unsafe_function;
+	using stack_aligned_function = stack_aligned_unsafe_function;
+#endif
+	using stack_aligned_stack_handler_function = basic_protected_function<stack_reference, true, stack_reference>;
+
+	struct unsafe_function_result;
+	struct protected_function_result;
+	using safe_function_result = protected_function_result;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS)
+	using function_result = safe_function_result;
+#else
+	using function_result = unsafe_function_result;
+#endif
+
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_object_base;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_object;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_userdata;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_lightuserdata;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_coroutine;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_packaged_coroutine;
+	template <typename base_t>
+	class basic_thread;
+
+	using object = basic_object<reference>;
+	using userdata = basic_userdata<reference>;
+	using lightuserdata = basic_lightuserdata<reference>;
+	using thread = basic_thread<reference>;
+	using coroutine = basic_coroutine<reference>;
+	using packaged_coroutine = basic_packaged_coroutine<reference>;
+	using main_object = basic_object<main_reference>;
+	using main_userdata = basic_userdata<main_reference>;
+	using main_lightuserdata = basic_lightuserdata<main_reference>;
+	using main_coroutine = basic_coroutine<main_reference>;
+	using stack_object = basic_object<stack_reference>;
+	using stack_userdata = basic_userdata<stack_reference>;
+	using stack_lightuserdata = basic_lightuserdata<stack_reference>;
+	using stack_thread = basic_thread<stack_reference>;
+	using stack_coroutine = basic_coroutine<stack_reference>;
+
+	struct stack_proxy_base;
+	struct stack_proxy;
+	struct variadic_args;
+	struct variadic_results;
+	struct stack_count;
+	struct this_state;
+	struct this_main_state;
+	struct this_environment;
+
+	class state_view;
+	class state;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_table_t;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_container_t;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct nested;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct light;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct user;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_args_t;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct protect_t;
+	template <typename F, typename... Policies>
+	struct policy_wrapper;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct usertype_traits;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unique_usertype_traits;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct types {
+		typedef std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)> indices;
+		static constexpr std::size_t size() {
+			return sizeof...(Args);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct derive : std::false_type {
+		typedef types<> type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct base : std::false_type {
+		typedef types<> type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct weak_derive {
+		static bool value;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	bool weak_derive<T>::value = false;
+
+	namespace stack {
+		struct record;
+	}
+
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+	template <class T>
+	class optional;
+
+	template <class T>
+	class optional<T&>;
+#endif
+
+	using check_handler_type = int(lua_State*, int, type, type, const char*);
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+#define SOL_BASE_CLASSES(T, ...)                       \
+	namespace sol {                                   \
+		template <>                                  \
+		struct base<T> : std::true_type {            \
+			typedef ::sol::types<__VA_ARGS__> type; \
+		};                                           \
+	}                                                 \
+	static_assert(true, "")
+#define SOL_DERIVED_CLASSES(T, ...)                    \
+	namespace sol {                                   \
+		template <>                                  \
+		struct derive<T> : std::true_type {          \
+			typedef ::sol::types<__VA_ARGS__> type; \
+		};                                           \
+	}                                                 \
+	static_assert(true, "")
+
+#endif // SOL_FORWARD_HPP
+// end of sol/forward.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/forward_detail.hpp
+
+#ifndef SOL_FORWARD_DETAIL_HPP
+#define SOL_FORWARD_DETAIL_HPP
+
+// beginning of sol/traits.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/tuple.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/base_traits.hpp
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		struct unchecked_t { };
+		const unchecked_t unchecked = unchecked_t {};
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace meta {
+		using sfinae_yes_t = std::true_type;
+		using sfinae_no_t = std::false_type;
+
+		template <typename...>
+		using void_t = void;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using unqualified = std::remove_cv<std::remove_reference_t<T>>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using unqualified_t = typename unqualified<T>::type;
+
+		namespace meta_detail {
+			template <typename T>
+			struct unqualified_non_alias : unqualified<T> { };
+
+			template <template <class...> class Test, class, class... Args>
+			struct is_detected : std::false_type { };
+
+			template <template <class...> class Test, class... Args>
+			struct is_detected<Test, void_t<Test<Args...>>, Args...> : std::true_type { };
+		} // namespace meta_detail
+
+		template <template <class...> class Trait, class... Args>
+		using is_detected = typename meta_detail::is_detected<Trait, void, Args...>::type;
+
+		template <template <class...> class Trait, class... Args>
+		constexpr inline bool is_detected_v = is_detected<Trait, Args...>::value;
+
+		template <typename _Default, typename _Void, template <typename...> typename _Op, typename... _Args>
+		class detector {
+		public:
+			using value_t = ::std::false_type;
+			using type = _Default;
+		};
+
+		template <typename _Default, template <typename...> typename _Op, typename... _Args>
+		class detector<_Default, void_t<_Op<_Args...>>, _Op, _Args...> {
+		public:
+			using value_t = ::std::true_type;
+			using type = _Op<_Args...>;
+		};
+
+		class nonesuch {
+		public:
+			~nonesuch() = delete;
+			nonesuch(nonesuch const&) = delete;
+			nonesuch& operator=(nonesuch const&) = delete;
+		};
+
+		template <template <typename...> typename _Op, typename... _Args>
+		using detected_t = typename detector<nonesuch, void, _Op, _Args...>::type;
+
+		template <typename _Default, template <typename...> typename _Op, typename... _Args>
+		using detected_or = detector<_Default, void, _Op, _Args...>;
+
+		template <typename _Default, template <typename...> typename _Op, typename... _Args>
+		using detected_or_t = typename detector<_Default, void, _Op, _Args...>::type;
+
+		template <typename _Default, template <typename...> typename _Op, typename... _Args>
+		constexpr inline bool detected_or_v = detector<_Default, void, _Op, _Args...>::value;
+
+		template <std::size_t I>
+		using index_value = std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>;
+
+		template <bool>
+		struct conditional {
+			template <typename T, typename U>
+			using type = T;
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct conditional<false> {
+			template <typename T, typename U>
+			using type = U;
+		};
+
+		template <bool B, typename T, typename U>
+		using conditional_t = typename conditional<B>::template type<T, U>;
+
+		namespace meta_detail {
+			template <typename T, template <typename...> class Templ>
+			struct is_specialization_of : std::false_type { };
+			template <typename... T, template <typename...> class Templ>
+			struct is_specialization_of<Templ<T...>, Templ> : std::true_type { };
+		} // namespace meta_detail
+
+		template <typename T, template <typename...> class Templ>
+		using is_specialization_of = meta_detail::is_specialization_of<std::remove_cv_t<T>, Templ>;
+
+		template <typename T, template <typename...> class Templ>
+		inline constexpr bool is_specialization_of_v = is_specialization_of<std::remove_cv_t<T>, Templ>::value;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct identity {
+			typedef T type;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using identity_t = typename identity<T>::type;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_builtin_type = std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_arithmetic<T>::value || std::is_pointer<T>::value || std::is_array<T>::value>;
+
+		namespace meta_detail {
+			template <typename T, typename = void>
+			struct has_internal_marker_impl : std::false_type { };
+			template <typename T>
+			struct has_internal_marker_impl<T, void_t<typename T::SOL_INTERNAL_UNSPECIALIZED_MARKER_>> : std::true_type { };
+
+			template <typename T>
+			using has_internal_marker = has_internal_marker_impl<T>;
+
+			template <typename T>
+			constexpr inline bool has_internal_marker_v = has_internal_marker<T>::value;
+		} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	} // namespace meta
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/base_traits.hpp
+
+#include <tuple>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		using swallow = std::initializer_list<int>;
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace meta {
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_tuple = is_specialization_of<T, std::tuple>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		constexpr inline bool is_tuple_v = is_tuple<T>::value;
+
+		namespace detail {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			struct tuple_types_ {
+				typedef types<Args...> type;
+			};
+
+			template <typename... Args>
+			struct tuple_types_<std::tuple<Args...>> {
+				typedef types<Args...> type;
+			};
+		} // namespace detail
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		using tuple_types = typename detail::tuple_types_<Args...>::type;
+
+		template <typename Arg>
+		struct pop_front_type;
+
+		template <typename Arg>
+		using pop_front_type_t = typename pop_front_type<Arg>::type;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		struct pop_front_type<types<Args...>> {
+			typedef void front_type;
+			typedef types<Args...> type;
+		};
+
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args>
+		struct pop_front_type<types<Arg, Args...>> {
+			typedef Arg front_type;
+			typedef types<Args...> type;
+		};
+
+		template <std::size_t N, typename Tuple>
+		using tuple_element = std::tuple_element<N, std::remove_reference_t<Tuple>>;
+
+		template <std::size_t N, typename Tuple>
+		using tuple_element_t = std::tuple_element_t<N, std::remove_reference_t<Tuple>>;
+
+		template <std::size_t N, typename Tuple>
+		using unqualified_tuple_element = unqualified<tuple_element_t<N, Tuple>>;
+
+		template <std::size_t N, typename Tuple>
+		using unqualified_tuple_element_t = unqualified_t<tuple_element_t<N, Tuple>>;
+
+	} // namespace meta
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/tuple.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/bind_traits.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace meta {
+	namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename F>
+		using detect_deducible_signature = decltype(&F::operator());
+	} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	template <typename F>
+	using call_operator_deducible = typename is_detected<meta_detail::detect_deducible_signature, F>::type;
+
+	template <typename F>
+	constexpr inline bool call_operator_deducible_v = call_operator_deducible<F>::value;
+
+	namespace meta_detail {
+
+		template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+		struct void_tuple_element : meta::tuple_element<I, T> { };
+
+		template <std::size_t I>
+		struct void_tuple_element<I, std::tuple<>> {
+			typedef void type;
+		};
+
+		template <std::size_t I, typename T>
+		using void_tuple_element_t = typename void_tuple_element<I, T>::type;
+
+		template <bool it_is_noexcept, bool has_c_variadic, typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct basic_traits {
+		private:
+			using first_type = meta::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, int, T>&;
+
+		public:
+			inline static constexpr const bool is_noexcept = it_is_noexcept;
+			inline static constexpr bool is_member_function = std::is_void<T>::value;
+			inline static constexpr bool has_c_var_arg = has_c_variadic;
+			inline static constexpr std::size_t arity = sizeof...(Args);
+			inline static constexpr std::size_t free_arity = sizeof...(Args) + static_cast<std::size_t>(!std::is_void<T>::value);
+			typedef types<Args...> args_list;
+			typedef std::tuple<Args...> args_tuple;
+			typedef T object_type;
+			typedef R return_type;
+			typedef tuple_types<R> returns_list;
+			typedef R(function_type)(Args...);
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, args_list, types<first_type, Args...>> free_args_list;
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, R(Args...), R(first_type, Args...)> free_function_type;
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, R (*)(Args...), R (*)(first_type, Args...)> free_function_pointer_type;
+			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<free_function_pointer_type> signature_type;
+			template <std::size_t i>
+			using arg_at = void_tuple_element_t<i, args_tuple>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename Signature, bool b = call_operator_deducible<Signature>::value>
+		struct fx_traits : public basic_traits<false, false, void, void> { };
+
+		// Free Functions
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R(Args...), false> : public basic_traits<false, false, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (*function_pointer_type)(Args...);
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (*)(Args...), false> : public basic_traits<false, false, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (*function_pointer_type)(Args...);
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R(Args..., ...), false> : public basic_traits<false, true, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...);
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (*)(Args..., ...), false> : public basic_traits<false, true, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...);
+		};
+
+		// Member Functions
+		/* C-Style Variadics */
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...), false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...);
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...), false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...);
+		};
+
+		/* Const Volatile */
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const, false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const volatile, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile, false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile;
+		};
+
+		/* Member Function Qualifiers */
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...)&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) &;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...)&, false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) &;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const&, false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const volatile&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&, false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...)&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) &&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...)&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) &&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const&&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const&&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const volatile&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile&&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile&&;
+		};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R(Args...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (*function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (*)(Args...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (*function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (*)(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* Const Volatile */
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const volatile noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...)& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) & noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...)& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) & noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const volatile& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...)&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) && noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...)&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) && noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const&& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const&& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args...) const volatile&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile&& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile&& noexcept;
+		};
+
+#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX) && SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PLATFORM_X86)
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R __stdcall(Args...), false> : public basic_traits<false, false, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R(__stdcall* function_pointer_type)(Args...);
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R(__stdcall*)(Args...), false> : public basic_traits<false, false, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R(__stdcall* function_pointer_type)(Args...);
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...), false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...);
+		};
+
+		/* Const Volatile */
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile;
+		};
+
+		/* Member Function Qualifiers */
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...)&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) &;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...)&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) &&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const&&;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile&&, false> : public basic_traits<false, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile&&;
+		};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R __stdcall(Args...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R(__stdcall* function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R(__stdcall*)(Args...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R(__stdcall* function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall cannot be applied to functions with varargs*/
+		/*template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<__stdcall R(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R(__stdcall* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall *)(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, void, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R(__stdcall* function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		/* Const Volatile */
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...)& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) & noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) & noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) & noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const& noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile& noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...)&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) && noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) && noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) && noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const&& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const&& noexcept;
+		};*/
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args...) const volatile&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, false, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args...) const volatile&& noexcept;
+		};
+
+		/* __stdcall does not work with varargs */
+		/*template <typename T, typename R, typename... Args>
+		struct fx_traits<R (__stdcall T::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&& noexcept, false> : public basic_traits<true, true, T, R, Args...> {
+			typedef R (__stdcall T::*function_pointer_type)(Args..., ...) const volatile&& noexcept;
+		};*/
+#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type
+#endif // __stdcall x86 VC++ bug
+
+		template <typename Signature>
+		struct fx_traits<Signature, true> : public fx_traits<typename fx_traits<decltype(&Signature::operator())>::function_type, false> { };
+
+		template <typename Signature, bool b = std::is_member_object_pointer<Signature>::value>
+		struct callable_traits : public fx_traits<std::decay_t<Signature>> { };
+
+		template <typename R, typename T>
+		struct callable_traits<R(T::*), true> {
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<std::is_array_v<R>, std::add_lvalue_reference_t<R>, R> return_type;
+			typedef return_type Arg;
+			typedef T object_type;
+			using signature_type = R(T::*);
+			inline static constexpr bool is_noexcept = false;
+			inline static constexpr bool is_member_function = false;
+			inline static constexpr std::size_t arity = 1;
+			inline static constexpr std::size_t free_arity = 2;
+			typedef std::tuple<Arg> args_tuple;
+			typedef types<Arg> args_list;
+			typedef types<T, Arg> free_args_list;
+			typedef meta::tuple_types<return_type> returns_list;
+			typedef return_type(function_type)(T&, return_type);
+			typedef return_type (*function_pointer_type)(T&, Arg);
+			typedef return_type (*free_function_pointer_type)(T&, Arg);
+			template <std::size_t i>
+			using arg_at = void_tuple_element_t<i, args_tuple>;
+		};
+
+	} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	template <typename Signature>
+	using bind_traits = meta_detail::callable_traits<Signature>;
+
+	namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename, bool>
+		struct is_probably_stateless_lambda : std::false_type { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_probably_stateless_lambda<T, true> : std::is_convertible<T, typename bind_traits<T>::function_type*>::type { };
+	} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_probably_stateless_lambda = typename meta_detail::is_probably_stateless_lambda<T, std::is_empty_v<T> && call_operator_deducible_v<T>>::type;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_probably_stateless_lambda_v = is_probably_stateless_lambda<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename Signature>
+	using function_args_t = typename bind_traits<Signature>::args_list;
+
+	template <typename Signature>
+	using function_signature_t = typename bind_traits<Signature>::signature_type;
+
+	template <typename Signature>
+	using function_return_t = typename bind_traits<Signature>::return_type;
+}} // namespace sol::meta
+
+// end of sol/bind_traits.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/pointer_like.hpp
+
+#include <utility>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	namespace meta {
+		namespace meta_detail {
+			template <typename T>
+			using is_dereferenceable_test = decltype(*std::declval<T>());
+
+			template <typename T>
+			using is_explicitly_dereferenceable_test = decltype(std::declval<T>().operator*());
+		} // namespace meta_detail
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_pointer_like = std::integral_constant<bool,
+		     !std::is_array_v<T> && (std::is_pointer_v<T> || is_detected_v<meta_detail::is_explicitly_dereferenceable_test, T>)>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		constexpr inline bool is_pointer_like_v = is_pointer_like<T>::value;
+	} // namespace meta
+
+	namespace detail {
+
+		template <typename T>
+		auto unwrap(T&& item) -> decltype(std::forward<T>(item)) {
+			return std::forward<T>(item);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		T& unwrap(std::reference_wrapper<T> arg) {
+			return arg.get();
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline decltype(auto) deref(T&& item) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::is_pointer_like_v<Tu>) {
+				return *std::forward<T>(item);
+			}
+			else {
+				return std::forward<T>(item);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline decltype(auto) deref_move_only(T&& item) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::is_pointer_like_v<Tu> && !std::is_pointer_v<Tu> && !std::is_copy_constructible_v<Tu>) {
+				return *std::forward<T>(item);
+			}
+			else {
+				return std::forward<T>(item);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline T* ptr(T& val) {
+			return std::addressof(val);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline T* ptr(std::reference_wrapper<T> val) {
+			return std::addressof(val.get());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline T* ptr(T* val) {
+			return val;
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/pointer_like.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/string_view.hpp
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename C, typename T = std::char_traits<C>>
+	using basic_string_view = std::basic_string_view<C, T>;
+
+	typedef std::string_view string_view;
+	typedef std::wstring_view wstring_view;
+	typedef std::u16string_view u16string_view;
+	typedef std::u32string_view u32string_view;
+	typedef std::hash<std::string_view> string_view_hash;
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/string_view.hpp
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <functional>
+#include <array>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+#include <variant>
+#endif // variant is weird on XCode, thanks XCode
+
+namespace sol { namespace meta {
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unwrapped {
+		typedef T type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unwrapped<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
+		typedef T type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using unwrapped_t = typename unwrapped<T>::type;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unwrap_unqualified : unwrapped<unqualified_t<T>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using unwrap_unqualified_t = typename unwrap_unqualified<T>::type;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct remove_member_pointer;
+
+	template <typename R, typename T>
+	struct remove_member_pointer<R T::*> {
+		typedef R type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename R, typename T>
+	struct remove_member_pointer<R T::*const> {
+		typedef R type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using remove_member_pointer_t = remove_member_pointer<T>;
+
+	template <typename T, typename...>
+	struct all_same : std::true_type { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Args>
+	struct all_same<T, U, Args...> : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_same<T, U>::value && all_same<T, Args...>::value> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename...>
+	struct any_same : std::false_type { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename U, typename... Args>
+	struct any_same<T, U, Args...> : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_same<T, U>::value || any_same<T, Args...>::value> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename... Args>
+	constexpr inline bool any_same_v = any_same<T, Args...>::value;
+
+	template <bool B>
+	using boolean = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
+
+	template <bool B>
+	constexpr inline bool boolean_v = boolean<B>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using neg = boolean<!T::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool neg_v = neg<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct all : boolean<true> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename... Args>
+	struct all<T, Args...> : std::conditional_t<T::value, all<Args...>, boolean<false>> { };
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct any : boolean<false> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename... Args>
+	struct any<T, Args...> : std::conditional_t<T::value, boolean<true>, any<Args...>> { };
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	constexpr inline bool all_v = all<Args...>::value;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	constexpr inline bool any_v = any<Args...>::value;
+
+	enum class enable_t { _ };
+
+	constexpr const auto enabler = enable_t::_;
+
+	template <bool value, typename T = void>
+	using disable_if_t = std::enable_if_t<!value, T>;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	using enable = std::enable_if_t<all<Args...>::value, enable_t>;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	using disable = std::enable_if_t<neg<all<Args...>>::value, enable_t>;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	using enable_any = std::enable_if_t<any<Args...>::value, enable_t>;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	using disable_any = std::enable_if_t<neg<any<Args...>>::value, enable_t>;
+
+	template <typename V, typename... Vs>
+	struct find_in_pack_v : boolean<false> { };
+
+	template <typename V, typename Vs1, typename... Vs>
+	struct find_in_pack_v<V, Vs1, Vs...> : any<boolean<(V::value == Vs1::value)>, find_in_pack_v<V, Vs...>> { };
+
+	namespace meta_detail {
+		template <std::size_t I, typename T, typename... Args>
+		struct index_in_pack : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, SIZE_MAX> { };
+
+		template <std::size_t I, typename T, typename T1, typename... Args>
+		struct index_in_pack<I, T, T1, Args...>
+		: conditional_t<std::is_same<T, T1>::value, std::integral_constant<std::ptrdiff_t, I>, index_in_pack<I + 1, T, Args...>> { };
+	} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	template <typename T, typename... Args>
+	struct index_in_pack : meta_detail::index_in_pack<0, T, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename List>
+	struct index_in : meta_detail::index_in_pack<0, T, List> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename... Args>
+	struct index_in<T, types<Args...>> : meta_detail::index_in_pack<0, T, Args...> { };
+
+	template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>
+	struct at_in_pack { };
+
+	template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>
+	using at_in_pack_t = typename at_in_pack<I, Args...>::type;
+
+	template <std::size_t I, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+	struct at_in_pack<I, Arg, Args...> : std::conditional<I == 0, Arg, at_in_pack_t<I - 1, Args...>> { };
+
+	template <typename Arg, typename... Args>
+	struct at_in_pack<0, Arg, Args...> {
+		typedef Arg type;
+	};
+
+	namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename, typename TI>
+		using on_even = meta::boolean<(TI::value % 2) == 0>;
+
+		template <typename, typename TI>
+		using on_odd = meta::boolean<(TI::value % 2) == 1>;
+
+		template <typename, typename>
+		using on_always = std::true_type;
+
+		template <template <typename...> class When, std::size_t Limit, std::size_t I, template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+		struct count_when_for_pack : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0> { };
+		template <template <typename...> class When, std::size_t Limit, std::size_t I, template <typename...> class Pred, typename T, typename... Ts>
+			          struct count_when_for_pack<When, Limit, I, Pred, T, Ts...> : conditional_t < sizeof...(Ts)
+			     == 0
+			|| Limit<2, std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I + static_cast<std::size_t>(Limit != 0 && Pred<T>::value)>,
+			     count_when_for_pack<When, Limit - static_cast<std::size_t>(When<T, std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>>::value),
+			          I + static_cast<std::size_t>(When<T, std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>>::value&& Pred<T>::value), Pred, Ts...>> { };
+	} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	template <template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	struct count_for_pack : meta_detail::count_when_for_pack<meta_detail::on_always, sizeof...(Ts), 0, Pred, Ts...> { };
+
+	template <template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	inline constexpr std::size_t count_for_pack_v = count_for_pack<Pred, Ts...>::value;
+
+	template <template <typename...> class Pred, typename List>
+	struct count_for;
+
+	template <template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Args>
+	struct count_for<Pred, types<Args...>> : count_for_pack<Pred, Args...> { };
+
+	template <std::size_t Limit, template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	struct count_for_to_pack : meta_detail::count_when_for_pack<meta_detail::on_always, Limit, 0, Pred, Ts...> { };
+
+	template <std::size_t Limit, template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	inline constexpr std::size_t count_for_to_pack_v = count_for_to_pack<Limit, Pred, Ts...>::value;
+
+	template <template <typename...> class When, std::size_t Limit, template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	struct count_when_for_to_pack : meta_detail::count_when_for_pack<When, Limit, 0, Pred, Ts...> { };
+
+	template <template <typename...> class When, std::size_t Limit, template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	inline constexpr std::size_t count_when_for_to_pack_v = count_when_for_to_pack<When, Limit, Pred, Ts...>::value;
+
+	template <template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	using count_even_for_pack = count_when_for_to_pack<meta_detail::on_even, sizeof...(Ts), Pred, Ts...>;
+
+	template <template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	inline constexpr std::size_t count_even_for_pack_v = count_even_for_pack<Pred, Ts...>::value;
+
+	template <template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	using count_odd_for_pack = count_when_for_to_pack<meta_detail::on_odd, sizeof...(Ts), Pred, Ts...>;
+
+	template <template <typename...> class Pred, typename... Ts>
+	inline constexpr std::size_t count_odd_for_pack_v = count_odd_for_pack<Pred, Ts...>::value;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct return_type {
+		typedef std::tuple<Args...> type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct return_type<T> {
+		typedef T type;
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct return_type<> {
+		typedef void type;
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	using return_type_t = typename return_type<Args...>::type;
+
+	namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename>
+		struct always_true : std::true_type { };
+		struct is_invokable_tester {
+			template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+			static always_true<decltype(std::declval<Fun>()(std::declval<Args>()...))> test(int);
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+	} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_invokable;
+	template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+	struct is_invokable<Fun(Args...)> : decltype(meta_detail::is_invokable_tester::test<Fun, Args...>(0)) { };
+
+	namespace meta_detail {
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct is_invocable : std::is_function<std::remove_pointer_t<T>> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_invocable<T,
+			std::enable_if_t<std::is_final<unqualified_t<T>>::value && std::is_class<unqualified_t<T>>::value
+			     && std::is_same<decltype(void(&T::operator())), void>::value>> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_invocable<T,
+			std::enable_if_t<!std::is_final<unqualified_t<T>>::value && std::is_class<unqualified_t<T>>::value
+			     && std::is_destructible<unqualified_t<T>>::value>> {
+			struct F {
+				void operator()() {};
+			};
+			struct Derived : T, F { };
+			template <typename U, U>
+			struct Check;
+
+			template <typename V>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(Check<void (F::*)(), &V::operator()>*);
+
+			template <typename>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(...);
+
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<Derived>(0)), sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_invocable<T,
+			std::enable_if_t<!std::is_final<unqualified_t<T>>::value && std::is_class<unqualified_t<T>>::value
+			     && !std::is_destructible<unqualified_t<T>>::value>> {
+			struct F {
+				void operator()() {};
+			};
+			struct Derived : T, F {
+				~Derived() = delete;
+			};
+			template <typename U, U>
+			struct Check;
+
+			template <typename V>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(Check<void (F::*)(), &V::operator()>*);
+
+			template <typename>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(...);
+
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<Derived>(0)), sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		struct has_begin_end_impl {
+			template <typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>, typename B = decltype(std::declval<U&>().begin()),
+				typename E = decltype(std::declval<U&>().end())>
+			static std::true_type test(int);
+
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+
+		struct has_key_type_impl {
+			template <typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>, typename V = typename U::key_type>
+			static std::true_type test(int);
+
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+
+		struct has_key_comp_impl {
+			template <typename T, typename V = decltype(std::declval<unqualified_t<T>>().key_comp())>
+			static std::true_type test(int);
+
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+
+		struct has_load_factor_impl {
+			template <typename T, typename V = decltype(std::declval<unqualified_t<T>>().load_factor())>
+			static std::true_type test(int);
+
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+
+		struct has_mapped_type_impl {
+			template <typename T, typename V = typename unqualified_t<T>::mapped_type>
+			static std::true_type test(int);
+
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+
+		struct has_value_type_impl {
+			template <typename T, typename V = typename unqualified_t<T>::value_type>
+			static std::true_type test(int);
+
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+
+		struct has_iterator_impl {
+			template <typename T, typename V = typename unqualified_t<T>::iterator>
+			static std::true_type test(int);
+
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+
+		struct has_key_value_pair_impl {
+			template <typename T, typename U = unqualified_t<T>, typename V = typename U::value_type, typename F = decltype(std::declval<V&>().first),
+				typename S = decltype(std::declval<V&>().second)>
+			static std::true_type test(int);
+
+			template <typename...>
+			static std::false_type test(...);
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_push_back_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().push_back(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_insert_with_iterator_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().insert(
+				std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::iterator>>(), std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = !std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), sfinae_no_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_insert_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().insert(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = !std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), sfinae_no_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_insert_after_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().insert_after(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::const_iterator>>(),
+				std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_size_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().size())*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_max_size_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().max_size())*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_to_string_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().to_string())*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename U, typename = void>
+		class supports_op_less_test : public std::false_type { };
+		template <typename T, typename U>
+		class supports_op_less_test<T, U, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T&>() < std::declval<U&>())>>
+		: public std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+			  !is_specialization_of_v<unqualified_t<T>, std::variant> && !is_specialization_of_v<unqualified_t<U>, std::variant>
+#else
+			  true
+#endif
+			  > {
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename U, typename = void>
+		class supports_op_equal_test : public std::false_type { };
+		template <typename T, typename U>
+		class supports_op_equal_test<T, U, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T&>() == std::declval<U&>())>>
+		: public std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+			  !is_specialization_of_v<unqualified_t<T>, std::variant> && !is_specialization_of_v<unqualified_t<U>, std::variant>
+#else
+			  true
+#endif
+			  > {
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename U, typename = void>
+		class supports_op_less_equal_test : public std::false_type { };
+		template <typename T, typename U>
+		class supports_op_less_equal_test<T, U, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T&>() <= std::declval<U&>())>>
+		: public std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+			  !is_specialization_of_v<unqualified_t<T>, std::variant> && !is_specialization_of_v<unqualified_t<U>, std::variant>
+#else
+			  true
+#endif
+			  > {
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename U, typename = void>
+		class supports_op_left_shift_test : public std::false_type { };
+		template <typename T, typename U>
+		class supports_op_left_shift_test<T, U, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T&>() << std::declval<U&>())>> : public std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		class supports_adl_to_string_test : public std::false_type { };
+		template <typename T>
+		class supports_adl_to_string_test<T, void_t<decltype(to_string(std::declval<const T&>()))>> : public std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename T, bool b>
+		struct is_matched_lookup_impl : std::false_type { };
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_matched_lookup_impl<T, true> : std::is_same<typename T::key_type, typename T::value_type> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using non_void_t = meta::conditional_t<std::is_void_v<T>, ::sol::detail::unchecked_t, T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using detect_sentinel = typename T::sentinel;
+	} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	template <typename T, typename Fallback>
+	class sentinel_or {
+	public:
+		using type = detected_or_t<Fallback, meta_detail::detect_sentinel, T>;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Fallback>
+	using sentinel_or_t = typename sentinel_or<T, Fallback>::type;
+
+	template <typename T, typename U = T>
+	class supports_op_less : public meta_detail::supports_op_less_test<T, U> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename U = T>
+	class supports_op_equal : public meta_detail::supports_op_equal_test<T, U> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename U = T>
+	class supports_op_less_equal : public meta_detail::supports_op_less_equal_test<T, U> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename U = T>
+	class supports_op_left_shift : public meta_detail::supports_op_left_shift_test<T, U> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	class supports_adl_to_string : public meta_detail::supports_adl_to_string_test<T> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	class supports_to_string_member : public meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_to_string_test<meta_detail::non_void_t<T>>::value> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_invocable = boolean<meta_detail::is_invocable<T>::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_invocable_v = is_invocable<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct has_begin_end : decltype(meta_detail::has_begin_end_impl::test<T>(0)) { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool has_begin_end_v = has_begin_end<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct has_key_value_pair : decltype(meta_detail::has_key_value_pair_impl::test<T>(0)) { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct has_key_type : decltype(meta_detail::has_key_type_impl::test<T>(0)) { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct has_key_comp : decltype(meta_detail::has_key_comp_impl::test<T>(0)) { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct has_load_factor : decltype(meta_detail::has_load_factor_impl::test<T>(0)) { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct has_mapped_type : decltype(meta_detail::has_mapped_type_impl::test<T>(0)) { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct has_iterator : decltype(meta_detail::has_iterator_impl::test<T>(0)) { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct has_value_type : decltype(meta_detail::has_value_type_impl::test<T>(0)) { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using has_push_back = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_push_back_test<T>::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using has_max_size = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_max_size_test<T>::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using has_insert = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_insert_test<T>::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using has_insert_with_iterator = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_insert_with_iterator_test<T>::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using has_insert_after = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_insert_after_test<T>::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using has_size = meta::boolean<meta_detail::has_size_test<T>::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_associative = meta::all<has_key_type<T>, has_key_value_pair<T>, has_mapped_type<T>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_lookup = meta::all<has_key_type<T>, has_value_type<T>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_ordered = meta::all<has_key_comp<T>, meta::neg<has_load_factor<T>>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_matched_lookup = meta_detail::is_matched_lookup_impl<T, is_lookup<T>::value>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_initializer_list = meta::is_specialization_of<T, std::initializer_list>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_initializer_list_v = is_initializer_list<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T, typename CharT = char>
+	using is_string_literal_array_of = boolean<std::is_array_v<T> && std::is_same_v<std::remove_all_extents_t<T>, CharT>>;
+
+	template <typename T, typename CharT = char>
+	constexpr inline bool is_string_literal_array_of_v = is_string_literal_array_of<T, CharT>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_string_literal_array = boolean<std::is_array_v<T>
+		&& any_same_v<std::remove_all_extents_t<T>, char,
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+		     char8_t,
+#endif
+		     char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_string_literal_array_v = is_string_literal_array<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T, typename CharT>
+	struct is_string_of : std::false_type { };
+
+	template <typename CharT, typename CharTargetT, typename TraitsT, typename AllocT>
+	struct is_string_of<std::basic_string<CharT, TraitsT, AllocT>, CharTargetT> : std::is_same<CharT, CharTargetT> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename CharT>
+	constexpr inline bool is_string_of_v = is_string_of<T, CharT>::value;
+
+	template <typename T, typename CharT>
+	struct is_string_view_of : std::false_type { };
+
+	template <typename CharT, typename CharTargetT, typename TraitsT>
+	struct is_string_view_of<std::basic_string_view<CharT, TraitsT>, CharTargetT> : std::is_same<CharT, CharTargetT> { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename CharT>
+	constexpr inline bool is_string_view_of_v = is_string_view_of<T, CharT>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_string_like
+		= meta::boolean<is_specialization_of_v<T, std::basic_string> || is_specialization_of_v<T, std::basic_string_view> || is_string_literal_array_v<T>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_string_like_v = is_string_like<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T, typename CharT = char>
+	using is_string_constructible = meta::boolean<is_string_literal_array_of_v<T, CharT> || std::is_same_v<T, const CharT*> || std::is_same_v<T, CharT>
+		|| is_string_of_v<T, CharT> || std::is_same_v<T, std::initializer_list<CharT>> || is_string_view_of_v<T, CharT> || std::is_null_pointer_v<T>>;
+
+	template <typename T, typename CharT = char>
+	constexpr inline bool is_string_constructible_v = is_string_constructible<T, CharT>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_string_like_or_constructible = meta::boolean<is_string_like_v<T> || is_string_constructible_v<T>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_pair : std::false_type { };
+
+	template <typename T1, typename T2>
+	struct is_pair<std::pair<T1, T2>> : std::true_type { };
+
+	template <typename T, typename Char>
+	using is_c_str_of = any<std::is_same<T, const Char*>, std::is_same<T, Char const* const>, std::is_same<T, Char*>, is_string_literal_array_of<T, Char>>;
+
+	template <typename T, typename Char>
+	constexpr inline bool is_c_str_of_v = is_c_str_of<T, Char>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_c_str = is_c_str_of<T, char>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_c_str_v = is_c_str<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T, typename Char>
+	using is_c_str_or_string_of = any<is_c_str_of<T, Char>, is_string_of<T, Char>>;
+
+	template <typename T, typename Char>
+	constexpr inline bool is_c_str_or_string_of_v = is_c_str_or_string_of<T, Char>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_c_str_or_string = is_c_str_or_string_of<T, char>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_c_str_or_string_v = is_c_str_or_string<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_move_only : all<neg<std::is_reference<T>>, neg<std::is_copy_constructible<unqualified_t<T>>>, std::is_move_constructible<unqualified_t<T>>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_not_move_only = neg<is_move_only<T>>;
+
+	namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) force_tuple(T&& x) {
+			if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, std::tuple>) {
+				return std::forward<T>(x);
+			}
+			else {
+				return std::tuple<T>(std::forward<T>(x));
+			}
+		}
+	} // namespace meta_detail
+
+	template <typename... X>
+	decltype(auto) tuplefy(X&&... x) {
+		return std::tuple_cat(meta_detail::force_tuple(std::forward<X>(x))...);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T, typename = void>
+	struct iterator_tag {
+		using type = std::input_iterator_tag;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct iterator_tag<T, conditional_t<false, typename std::iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category, void>> {
+		using type = typename std::iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category;
+	};
+}}     // namespace sol::meta
+
+// end of sol/traits.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		const bool default_safe_function_calls =
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_CALLS)
+		     true;
+#else
+		     false;
+#endif
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace meta { namespace meta_detail {
+	}} // namespace meta::meta_detail
+
+	namespace stack { namespace stack_detail {
+		using undefined_method_func = void (*)(stack_reference);
+
+		template <typename T>
+		void set_undefined_methods_on(stack_reference);
+
+		struct undefined_metatable;
+	}} // namespace stack::stack_detail
+} // namespace sol
+
+#endif // SOL_FORWARD_DETAIL_HPP
+// end of sol/forward_detail.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/assert.hpp
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL2_CI)
+
+struct pre_main {
+	pre_main() {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+		_set_abort_behavior(0, _WRITE_ABORT_MSG);
+#endif
+	}
+} inline sol2_ci_dont_lock_ci_please = {};
+
+#endif // Prevent lockup when doing Continuous Integration
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USER_ASSERT)
+	#define SOL_ASSERT(...) SOL_C_ASSERT(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#include <exception>
+		#include <iostream>
+		#include <cstdlib>
+
+			#define SOL_ASSERT(...)                                                                                               \
+				do {                                                                                                               \
+					if (!(__VA_ARGS__)) {                                                                                           \
+						std::cerr << "Assertion `" #__VA_ARGS__ "` failed in " << __FILE__ << " line " << __LINE__ << std::endl; \
+						std::terminate();                                                                                        \
+					}                                                                                                             \
+				} while (false)
+	#else
+		#define SOL_ASSERT(...)           \
+			do {                           \
+				if (false) {              \
+					(void)(__VA_ARGS__); \
+				}                         \
+			} while (false)
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USER_ASSERT_MSG)
+	#define SOL_ASSERT_MSG(message, ...) SOL_ASSERT_MSG(message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+		#include <exception>
+		#include <iostream>
+		#include <cstdlib>
+
+		#define SOL_ASSERT_MSG(message, ...)                                                                                                         \
+			do {                                                                                                                                  \
+				if (!(__VA_ARGS__)) {                                                                                                              \
+					std::cerr << "Assertion `" #__VA_ARGS__ "` failed in " << __FILE__ << " line " << __LINE__ << ": " << message << std::endl; \
+					std::terminate();                                                                                                           \
+				}                                                                                                                                \
+			} while (false)
+	#else
+		#define SOL_ASSERT_MSG(message, ...)    \
+			do {                             \
+				if (false) {                \
+					(void)(__VA_ARGS__);   \
+					(void)sizeof(message); \
+				}                           \
+			} while (false)
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/assert.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/bytecode.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/compatibility.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/compatibility/lua_version.hpp
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA)
+	#include <lua.h>
+	#include <lualib.h>
+	#include <lauxlib.h>
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUA_HPP)
+	#include <lua.hpp>
+#else
+	extern "C" {
+		#include <lua.h>
+		#include <lauxlib.h>
+		#include <lualib.h>
+	}
+#endif // C++ Mangling for Lua vs. Not
+
+#if defined(SOL_LUAJIT)
+	#if (SOL_LUAJIT != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif defined(LUAJIT_VERSION)
+	#define SOL_USE_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_LUAJIT_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif // luajit
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT)
+	#include <luajit.h>
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+	extern "C" {
+		#include <luajit.h>
+	}
+#endif // C++ LuaJIT ... whatever that means
+
+#if defined(SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION)
+	#define SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION_I_ SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+	#define SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION_I_ LUAJIT_VERSION_NUM
+#else
+	#define SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION_I_ 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_LUAJIT_FFI_DISABLED)
+	#define SOL_LUAJIT_FFI_DISABLED_I_ SOL_ON
+#elif defined(LUAJIT_DISABLE_FFI)
+	#define SOL_LUAJIT_FFI_DISABLED_I_ SOL_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_LUAJIT_FFI_DISABLED_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MOONJIT_VERSION)
+	#define SOL_USE_MOONJIT_I_ SOL_ON
+#else
+	#define SOL_USE_MOONJIT_I_ SOL_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(SOL_LUA_VERSION)
+	#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 502
+		#define SOL_LUA_VERSION LUA_VERSION_NUM
+	#elif defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM == 501
+		#define SOL_LUA_VERSION LUA_VERSION_NUM
+	#elif !defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) || !(LUA_VERSION_NUM)
+		// Definitely 5.0
+		#define SOL_LUA_VERSION 500
+	#else
+		// ??? Not sure, assume latest?
+		#define SOL_LUA_VERSION 504
+	#endif // Lua Version 503, 502, 501 || luajit, 500
+#endif // SOL_LUA_VERSION
+
+#if defined(SOL_LUA_VERSION)
+	#define SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ SOL_LUA_VERSION
+#else
+	#define SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ 504
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_EXCEPTIONS_ALWAYS_UNSAFE)
+	#if (SOL_EXCEPTIONS_ALWAYS_UNSAFE != 0)
+		#define SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#endif
+#elif defined(SOL_EXCEPTIONS_SAFE_PROPAGATION)
+	#if (SOL_EXCEPTIONS_SAFE_PROPAGATION != 0)
+		#define SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#elif SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION_I_ >= 20100
+	// LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3 and better have exception support locked in for all platforms (mostly)
+	#define SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+#elif SOL_LUAJIT_VERSION_I_ >= 20000
+	// LuaJIT 2.0.x have exception support only on x64 builds
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PLATFORM_X64)
+		#define SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	// otherwise, there is no exception safety for
+	// shoving exceptions through Lua and errors should
+	// always be serialized
+	#define SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL)
+	#if (SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL != 0)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA)
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#else
+		#define SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_LUAJIT_USE_EXCEPTION_TRAMPOLINE)
+	#if (SOL_LUAJIT_USE_EXCEPTION_TRAMPOLINE != 0)
+		#define SOL_USE_LUAJIT_EXCEPTION_TRAMPOLINE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_LUAJIT_EXCEPTION_TRAMPOLINE_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS) && SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+		#define SOL_USE_LUAJIT_EXCEPTION_TRAMPOLINE_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_USE_LUAJIT_EXCEPTION_TRAMPOLINE_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_LUAL_STREAM_HAS_CLOSE_FUNCTION)
+	#if (SOL_LUAL_STREAM_HAS_CLOSE_FUNCTION != 0)
+		#define SOL_LUAL_STREAM_USE_CLOSE_FUNCTION_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_LUAL_STREAM_USE_CLOSE_FUNCTION_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_USE_LUAJIT) && (SOL_LUA_VERSION > 501)
+		#define SOL_LUAL_STREAM_USE_CLOSE_FUNCTION_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_LUAL_STREAM_USE_CLOSE_FUNCTION_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined (SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB)
+	#if SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB != 0
+		#define SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	// Lua 5.2 only (deprecated in 5.3 (503)) (Can be turned on with Compat flags)
+	// Lua 5.2, or other versions of Lua with the compat flag, or Lua that is not 5.2 with the specific define (5.4.1 either removed it entirely or broke it)
+	#if (SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ == 502)
+		#define SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif defined(LUA_COMPAT_BITLIB)
+		#define SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB_I_ SOL_ON
+	#elif (SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ < 504 && defined(LUA_COMPAT_5_2))
+		#define SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined (SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES)
+	#if SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES != 0
+		#define SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES_I_ SOL_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES_I_ SOL_OFF
+	#endif
+#else
+	#if defined(LUA_NILINTABLE) && (LUA_NILINTABLE != 0)
+		#define SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_ON
+	#else
+		#define SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES_I_ SOL_DEFAULT_OFF
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/compatibility/lua_version.hpp
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_COMPATIBILITY_LAYER)
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUA) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USING_CXX_LUAJIT)
+	#ifndef COMPAT53_LUA_CPP
+		#define COMPAT53_LUA_CPP 1
+	#endif // Build Lua Compat layer as C++
+#endif
+	#ifndef COMPAT53_INCLUDE_SOURCE
+		#define COMPAT53_INCLUDE_SOURCE 1
+	#endif // Build Compat Layer Inline
+// beginning of sol/compatibility/compat-5.3.h
+
+#ifndef KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT53_H_
+#define KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT53_H_
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(COMPAT53_LUA_CPP)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#include <lua.h>
+#include <lauxlib.h>
+#include <lualib.h>
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(COMPAT53_LUA_CPP)
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef COMPAT53_PREFIX
+/* we chose this name because many other lua bindings / libs have
+* their own compatibility layer, and that use the compat53 declaration
+* frequently, causing all kinds of linker / compiler issues
+*/
+#  define COMPAT53_PREFIX kp_compat53
+#endif // COMPAT53_PREFIX
+
+#ifndef COMPAT53_API
+#  if defined(COMPAT53_INCLUDE_SOURCE) && COMPAT53_INCLUDE_SOURCE
+#    if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#      define COMPAT53_API __attribute__((__unused__)) static inline 
+#    else
+#      define COMPAT53_API static inline 
+#    endif /* Clang/GCC */
+#  else /* COMPAT53_INCLUDE_SOURCE */
+/* we are not including source, so everything is extern */
+#      define COMPAT53_API extern
+#  endif /* COMPAT53_INCLUDE_SOURCE */
+#endif /* COMPAT53_PREFIX */
+
+#define COMPAT53_CONCAT_HELPER(a, b) a##b
+#define COMPAT53_CONCAT(a, b) COMPAT53_CONCAT_HELPER(a, b)
+
+/* declarations for Lua 5.1 */
+#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM == 501
+
+/* XXX not implemented:
+* lua_arith (new operators)
+* lua_upvalueid
+* lua_upvaluejoin
+* lua_version
+* lua_yieldk
+*/
+
+#ifndef LUA_OK
+#  define LUA_OK 0
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPADD
+#  define LUA_OPADD 0
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPSUB
+#  define LUA_OPSUB 1
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPMUL
+#  define LUA_OPMUL 2
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPDIV
+#  define LUA_OPDIV 3
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPMOD
+#  define LUA_OPMOD 4
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPPOW
+#  define LUA_OPPOW 5
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPUNM
+#  define LUA_OPUNM 6
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPEQ
+#  define LUA_OPEQ 0
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPLT
+#  define LUA_OPLT 1
+#endif
+#ifndef LUA_OPLE
+#  define LUA_OPLE 2
+#endif
+
+/* LuaJIT/Lua 5.1 does not have the updated
+* error codes for thread status/function returns (but some patched versions do)
+* define it only if it's not found
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_ERRGCMM)
+/* Use + 2 because in some versions of Lua (Lua 5.1)
+* LUA_ERRFILE is defined as (LUA_ERRERR+1)
+* so we need to avoid it (LuaJIT might have something at this
+* integer value too)
+*/
+#  define LUA_ERRGCMM (LUA_ERRERR + 2)
+#endif /* LUA_ERRGCMM define */
+
+#if !defined(MOONJIT_VERSION)
+typedef size_t lua_Unsigned;
+#endif
+
+typedef struct luaL_Buffer_53 {
+	luaL_Buffer b; /* make incorrect code crash! */
+	char *ptr;
+	size_t nelems;
+	size_t capacity;
+	lua_State *L2;
+} luaL_Buffer_53;
+#define luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer_53
+
+/* In PUC-Rio 5.1, userdata is a simple FILE*
+* In LuaJIT, it's a struct where the first member is a FILE*
+* We can't support the `closef` member
+*/
+typedef struct luaL_Stream {
+	FILE *f;
+} luaL_Stream;
+
+#define lua_absindex COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _absindex)
+COMPAT53_API int lua_absindex(lua_State *L, int i);
+
+#define lua_arith COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _arith)
+COMPAT53_API void lua_arith(lua_State *L, int op);
+
+#define lua_compare COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _compare)
+COMPAT53_API int lua_compare(lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2, int op);
+
+#define lua_copy COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _copy)
+COMPAT53_API void lua_copy(lua_State *L, int from, int to);
+
+#define lua_getuservalue(L, i) \
+  (lua_getfenv((L), (i)), lua_type((L), -1))
+#define lua_setuservalue(L, i) \
+  (luaL_checktype((L), -1, LUA_TTABLE), lua_setfenv((L), (i)))
+
+#define lua_len COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _len)
+COMPAT53_API void lua_len(lua_State *L, int i);
+
+#define lua_pushstring(L, s) \
+  (lua_pushstring((L), (s)), lua_tostring((L), -1))
+
+#define lua_pushlstring(L, s, len) \
+  ((((len) == 0) ? lua_pushlstring((L), "", 0) : lua_pushlstring((L), (s), (len))), lua_tostring((L), -1))
+
+#ifndef luaL_newlibtable
+#  define luaL_newlibtable(L, l) \
+  (lua_createtable((L), 0, sizeof((l))/sizeof(*(l))-1))
+#endif
+#ifndef luaL_newlib
+#  define luaL_newlib(L, l) \
+  (luaL_newlibtable((L), (l)), luaL_register((L), NULL, (l)))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef lua_pushglobaltable
+#  define lua_pushglobaltable(L) \
+  lua_pushvalue((L), LUA_GLOBALSINDEX)
+#endif
+#define lua_rawgetp COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _rawgetp)
+COMPAT53_API int lua_rawgetp(lua_State *L, int i, const void *p);
+
+#define lua_rawsetp COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _rawsetp)
+COMPAT53_API void lua_rawsetp(lua_State *L, int i, const void *p);
+
+#define lua_rawlen(L, i) lua_objlen((L), (i))
+
+#define lua_tointeger(L, i) lua_tointegerx((L), (i), NULL)
+
+#define lua_tonumberx COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _tonumberx)
+COMPAT53_API lua_Number lua_tonumberx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum);
+
+#define luaL_checkversion COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_checkversion)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_checkversion(lua_State *L);
+
+#define lua_load COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _load_53)
+COMPAT53_API int lua_load(lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data, const char* source, const char* mode);
+
+#define luaL_loadfilex COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_loadfilex)
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_loadfilex(lua_State *L, const char *filename, const char *mode);
+
+#define luaL_loadbufferx COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_loadbufferx)
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_loadbufferx(lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t sz, const char *name, const char *mode);
+
+#define luaL_checkstack COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_checkstack_53)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_checkstack(lua_State *L, int sp, const char *msg);
+
+#define luaL_getsubtable COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_getsubtable)
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_getsubtable(lua_State* L, int i, const char *name);
+
+#define luaL_len COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_len)
+COMPAT53_API lua_Integer luaL_len(lua_State *L, int i);
+
+#define luaL_setfuncs COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_setfuncs)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_setfuncs(lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
+
+#define luaL_setmetatable COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_setmetatable)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_setmetatable(lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+
+#define luaL_testudata COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_testudata)
+COMPAT53_API void *luaL_testudata(lua_State *L, int i, const char *tname);
+
+#define luaL_traceback COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_traceback)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_traceback(lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *msg, int level);
+
+#define luaL_fileresult COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_fileresult)
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_fileresult(lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);
+
+#define luaL_execresult COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_execresult)
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_execresult(lua_State *L, int stat);
+
+#define lua_callk(L, na, nr, ctx, cont) \
+  ((void)(ctx), (void)(cont), lua_call((L), (na), (nr)))
+#define lua_pcallk(L, na, nr, err, ctx, cont) \
+  ((void)(ctx), (void)(cont), lua_pcall((L), (na), (nr), (err)))
+
+#define lua_resume(L, from, nargs) \
+  ((void)(from), lua_resume((L), (nargs)))
+
+#define luaL_buffinit COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _buffinit_53)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_buffinit(lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer_53 *B);
+
+#define luaL_prepbuffsize COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _prepbufsize_53)
+COMPAT53_API char *luaL_prepbuffsize(luaL_Buffer_53 *B, size_t s);
+
+#define luaL_addlstring COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _addlstring_53)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_addlstring(luaL_Buffer_53 *B, const char *s, size_t l);
+
+#define luaL_addvalue COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _addvalue_53)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_addvalue(luaL_Buffer_53 *B);
+
+#define luaL_pushresult COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _pushresult_53)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_pushresult(luaL_Buffer_53 *B);
+
+#undef luaL_buffinitsize
+#define luaL_buffinitsize(L, B, s) \
+  (luaL_buffinit((L), (B)), luaL_prepbuffsize((B), (s)))
+
+#undef luaL_prepbuffer
+#define luaL_prepbuffer(B) \
+  luaL_prepbuffsize((B), LUAL_BUFFERSIZE)
+
+#undef luaL_addchar
+#define luaL_addchar(B, c) \
+  ((void)((B)->nelems < (B)->capacity || luaL_prepbuffsize((B), 1)), \
+   ((B)->ptr[(B)->nelems++] = (c)))
+
+#undef luaL_addsize
+#define luaL_addsize(B, s) \
+  ((B)->nelems += (s))
+
+#undef luaL_addstring
+#define luaL_addstring(B, s) \
+  luaL_addlstring((B), (s), strlen((s)))
+
+#undef luaL_pushresultsize
+#define luaL_pushresultsize(B, s) \
+  (luaL_addsize((B), (s)), luaL_pushresult((B)))
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS)
+#define lua_pushunsigned(L, n) \
+  lua_pushinteger((L), (lua_Integer)(n))
+#define lua_tounsignedx(L, i, is) \
+  ((lua_Unsigned)lua_tointegerx((L), (i), (is)))
+#define lua_tounsigned(L, i) \
+  lua_tounsignedx((L), (i), NULL)
+#define luaL_checkunsigned(L, a) \
+  ((lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger((L), (a)))
+#define luaL_optunsigned(L, a, d) \
+  ((lua_Unsigned)luaL_optinteger((L), (a), (lua_Integer)(d)))
+#endif
+
+#endif /* Lua 5.1 only */
+
+/* declarations for Lua 5.1 and 5.2 */
+#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM <= 502
+
+typedef int lua_KContext;
+
+typedef int(*lua_KFunction)(lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx);
+
+#define lua_dump(L, w, d, s) \
+  ((void)(s), lua_dump((L), (w), (d)))
+
+#define lua_getfield(L, i, k) \
+  (lua_getfield((L), (i), (k)), lua_type((L), -1))
+
+#define lua_gettable(L, i) \
+  (lua_gettable((L), (i)), lua_type((L), -1))
+
+#define lua_geti COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _geti)
+COMPAT53_API int lua_geti(lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer i);
+
+#define lua_isinteger COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _isinteger)
+COMPAT53_API int lua_isinteger(lua_State *L, int index);
+
+#define lua_tointegerx COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _tointegerx_53)
+COMPAT53_API lua_Integer lua_tointegerx(lua_State *L, int i, int *isnum);
+
+#define lua_numbertointeger(n, p) \
+  ((*(p) = (lua_Integer)(n)), 1)
+
+#define lua_rawget(L, i) \
+  (lua_rawget((L), (i)), lua_type((L), -1))
+
+#define lua_rawgeti(L, i, n) \
+  (lua_rawgeti((L), (i), (n)), lua_type((L), -1))
+
+#define lua_rotate COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _rotate)
+COMPAT53_API void lua_rotate(lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+
+#define lua_seti COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _seti)
+COMPAT53_API void lua_seti(lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer i);
+
+#define lua_stringtonumber COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _stringtonumber)
+COMPAT53_API size_t lua_stringtonumber(lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
+#define luaL_tolstring COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_tolstring)
+COMPAT53_API const char *luaL_tolstring(lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+
+#define luaL_getmetafield(L, o, e) \
+  (luaL_getmetafield((L), (o), (e)) ? lua_type((L), -1) : LUA_TNIL)
+
+#define luaL_newmetatable(L, tn) \
+  (luaL_newmetatable((L), (tn)) ? (lua_pushstring((L), (tn)), lua_setfield((L), -2, "__name"), 1) : 0)
+
+#define luaL_requiref COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, L_requiref_53)
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_requiref(lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+	lua_CFunction openf, int glb);
+
+#endif /* Lua 5.1 and Lua 5.2 */
+
+/* declarations for Lua 5.2 */
+#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM == 502
+
+/* XXX not implemented:
+* lua_isyieldable
+* lua_getextraspace
+* lua_arith (new operators)
+* lua_pushfstring (new formats)
+*/
+
+#define lua_getglobal(L, n) \
+  (lua_getglobal((L), (n)), lua_type((L), -1))
+
+#define lua_getuservalue(L, i) \
+  (lua_getuservalue((L), (i)), lua_type((L), -1))
+
+#define lua_pushlstring(L, s, len) \
+  (((len) == 0) ? lua_pushlstring((L), "", 0) : lua_pushlstring((L), (s), (len)))
+
+#define lua_rawgetp(L, i, p) \
+  (lua_rawgetp((L), (i), (p)), lua_type((L), -1))
+
+#define LUA_KFUNCTION(_name) \
+  static int (_name)(lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx); \
+  static int (_name ## _52)(lua_State *L) { \
+    lua_KContext ctx; \
+    int status = lua_getctx(L, &ctx); \
+    return (_name)(L, status, ctx); \
+  } \
+  static int (_name)(lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx)
+
+#define lua_pcallk(L, na, nr, err, ctx, cont) \
+  lua_pcallk((L), (na), (nr), (err), (ctx), cont ## _52)
+
+#define lua_callk(L, na, nr, ctx, cont) \
+  lua_callk((L), (na), (nr), (ctx), cont ## _52)
+
+#define lua_yieldk(L, nr, ctx, cont) \
+  lua_yieldk((L), (nr), (ctx), cont ## _52)
+
+#ifdef lua_call
+#  undef lua_call
+#  define lua_call(L, na, nr) \
+  (lua_callk)((L), (na), (nr), 0, NULL)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef lua_pcall
+#  undef lua_pcall
+#  define lua_pcall(L, na, nr, err) \
+  (lua_pcallk)((L), (na), (nr), (err), 0, NULL)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef lua_yield
+#  undef lua_yield
+#  define lua_yield(L, nr) \
+  (lua_yieldk)((L), (nr), 0, NULL)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* Lua 5.2 only */
+
+/* other Lua versions */
+#if !defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) || LUA_VERSION_NUM < 501 || LUA_VERSION_NUM > 504
+
+#  error "unsupported Lua version (i.e. not Lua 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, or 5.4)"
+
+#endif /* other Lua versions except 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4 */
+
+/* helper macro for defining continuation functions (for every version
+* *except* Lua 5.2) */
+#ifndef LUA_KFUNCTION
+#define LUA_KFUNCTION(_name) \
+  static int (_name)(lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(COMPAT53_INCLUDE_SOURCE) && COMPAT53_INCLUDE_SOURCE == 1
+// beginning of sol/compatibility/compat-5.3.c.h
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* don't compile it again if it already is included via compat53.h */
+#ifndef KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT53_C_
+#define KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT53_C_
+
+/* definitions for Lua 5.1 only */
+#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM == 501
+
+#ifndef COMPAT53_FOPEN_NO_LOCK
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define COMPAT53_FOPEN_NO_LOCK 1
+#else /* otherwise */
+#define COMPAT53_FOPEN_NO_LOCK 0
+#endif /* VC++ only so far */
+#endif /* No-lock fopen_s usage if possible */
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && COMPAT53_FOPEN_NO_LOCK
+#include <share.h>
+#endif /* VC++ _fsopen for share-allowed file read */
+
+#ifndef COMPAT53_HAVE_STRERROR_R
+#if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(_POSIX_VERSION) || defined(__APPLE__) || (!defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 6))
+#define COMPAT53_HAVE_STRERROR_R 1
+#else /* none of the defines matched: define to 0 */
+#define COMPAT53_HAVE_STRERROR_R 0
+#endif /* have strerror_r of some form */
+#endif /* strerror_r */
+
+#ifndef COMPAT53_HAVE_STRERROR_S
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L) || (defined(__STDC_LIB_EXT1__) && __STDC_LIB_EXT1__)
+#define COMPAT53_HAVE_STRERROR_S 1
+#else /* not VC++ or C11 */
+#define COMPAT53_HAVE_STRERROR_S 0
+#endif /* strerror_s from VC++ or C11 */
+#endif /* strerror_s */
+
+#ifndef COMPAT53_LUA_FILE_BUFFER_SIZE
+#define COMPAT53_LUA_FILE_BUFFER_SIZE 4096
+#endif /* Lua File Buffer Size */
+
+static char* compat53_strerror(int en, char* buff, size_t sz) {
+#if COMPAT53_HAVE_STRERROR_R
+	/* use strerror_r here, because it's available on these specific platforms */
+	if (sz > 0) {
+		buff[0] = '\0';
+		/* we don't care whether the GNU version or the XSI version is used: */
+		if (strerror_r(en, buff, sz)) {
+			/* Yes, we really DO want to ignore the return value!
+			 * GCC makes that extra hard, not even a (void) cast will do. */
+		}
+		if (buff[0] == '\0') {
+			/* Buffer is unchanged, so we probably have called GNU strerror_r which
+			 * returned a static constant string. Chances are that strerror will
+			 * return the same static constant string and therefore be thread-safe. */
+			return strerror(en);
+		}
+	}
+	return buff; /* sz is 0 *or* strerror_r wrote into the buffer */
+#elif COMPAT53_HAVE_STRERROR_S
+	/* for MSVC and other C11 implementations, use strerror_s since it's
+	 * provided by default by the libraries */
+	strerror_s(buff, sz, en);
+	return buff;
+#else
+	/* fallback, but strerror is not guaranteed to be threadsafe due to modifying
+	 * errno itself and some impls not locking a static buffer for it ... but most
+	 * known systems have threadsafe errno: this might only change if the locale
+	 * is changed out from under someone while this function is being called */
+	(void)buff;
+	(void)sz;
+	return strerror(en);
+#endif
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int lua_absindex(lua_State* L, int i) {
+	if (i < 0 && i > LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+		i += lua_gettop(L) + 1;
+	return i;
+}
+
+static void compat53_call_lua(lua_State* L, char const code[], size_t len, int nargs, int nret) {
+	lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (void*)code);
+	if (lua_type(L, -1) != LUA_TFUNCTION) {
+		lua_pop(L, 1);
+		if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, code, len, "=none"))
+			lua_error(L);
+		lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+		lua_rawsetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (void*)code);
+	}
+	lua_insert(L, -nargs - 1);
+	lua_call(L, nargs, nret);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void lua_arith(lua_State* L, int op) {
+	static const char compat53_arith_code[]
+	     = "local op,a,b=...\n"
+	       "if op==0 then return a+b\n"
+	       "elseif op==1 then return a-b\n"
+	       "elseif op==2 then return a*b\n"
+	       "elseif op==3 then return a/b\n"
+	       "elseif op==4 then return a%b\n"
+	       "elseif op==5 then return a^b\n"
+	       "elseif op==6 then return -a\n"
+	       "end\n";
+
+	if (op < LUA_OPADD || op > LUA_OPUNM)
+		luaL_error(L, "invalid 'op' argument for lua_arith");
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 5, "not enough stack slots");
+	if (op == LUA_OPUNM)
+		lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+	lua_pushnumber(L, op);
+	lua_insert(L, -3);
+	compat53_call_lua(L, compat53_arith_code, sizeof(compat53_arith_code) - 1, 3, 1);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int lua_compare(lua_State* L, int idx1, int idx2, int op) {
+	static const char compat53_compare_code[]
+	     = "local a,b=...\n"
+	       "return a<=b\n";
+
+	int result = 0;
+	switch (op) {
+	case LUA_OPEQ:
+		return lua_equal(L, idx1, idx2);
+	case LUA_OPLT:
+		return lua_lessthan(L, idx1, idx2);
+	case LUA_OPLE:
+		luaL_checkstack(L, 5, "not enough stack slots");
+		idx1 = lua_absindex(L, idx1);
+		idx2 = lua_absindex(L, idx2);
+		lua_pushvalue(L, idx1);
+		lua_pushvalue(L, idx2);
+		compat53_call_lua(L, compat53_compare_code, sizeof(compat53_compare_code) - 1, 2, 1);
+		result = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+		lua_pop(L, 1);
+		return result;
+	default:
+		luaL_error(L, "invalid 'op' argument for lua_compare");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void lua_copy(lua_State* L, int from, int to) {
+	int abs_to = lua_absindex(L, to);
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
+	lua_pushvalue(L, from);
+	lua_replace(L, abs_to);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void lua_len(lua_State* L, int i) {
+	switch (lua_type(L, i)) {
+	case LUA_TSTRING:
+		lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)lua_objlen(L, i));
+		break;
+	case LUA_TTABLE:
+		if (!luaL_callmeta(L, i, "__len"))
+			lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)lua_objlen(L, i));
+		break;
+	case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+		if (luaL_callmeta(L, i, "__len"))
+			break;
+		/* FALLTHROUGH */
+	default:
+		luaL_error(L, "attempt to get length of a %s value", lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, i)));
+	}
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int lua_rawgetp(lua_State* L, int i, const void* p) {
+	int abs_i = lua_absindex(L, i);
+	lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)p);
+	lua_rawget(L, abs_i);
+	return lua_type(L, -1);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void lua_rawsetp(lua_State* L, int i, const void* p) {
+	int abs_i = lua_absindex(L, i);
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
+	lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)p);
+	lua_insert(L, -2);
+	lua_rawset(L, abs_i);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API lua_Number lua_tonumberx(lua_State* L, int i, int* isnum) {
+	lua_Number n = lua_tonumber(L, i);
+	if (isnum != NULL) {
+		*isnum = (n != 0 || lua_isnumber(L, i));
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_checkversion(lua_State* L) {
+	(void)L;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_checkstack(lua_State* L, int sp, const char* msg) {
+	if (!lua_checkstack(L, sp + LUA_MINSTACK)) {
+		if (msg != NULL)
+			luaL_error(L, "stack overflow (%s)", msg);
+		else {
+			lua_pushliteral(L, "stack overflow");
+			lua_error(L);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_getsubtable(lua_State* L, int i, const char* name) {
+	int abs_i = lua_absindex(L, i);
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 3, "not enough stack slots");
+	lua_pushstring(L, name);
+	lua_gettable(L, abs_i);
+	if (lua_istable(L, -1))
+		return 1;
+	lua_pop(L, 1);
+	lua_newtable(L);
+	lua_pushstring(L, name);
+	lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+	lua_settable(L, abs_i);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API lua_Integer luaL_len(lua_State* L, int i) {
+	lua_Integer res = 0;
+	int isnum = 0;
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
+	lua_len(L, i);
+	res = lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
+	lua_pop(L, 1);
+	if (!isnum)
+		luaL_error(L, "object length is not an integer");
+	return res;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_setfuncs(lua_State* L, const luaL_Reg* l, int nup) {
+	luaL_checkstack(L, nup + 1, "too many upvalues");
+	for (; l->name != NULL; l++) { /* fill the table with given functions */
+		int i;
+		lua_pushstring(L, l->name);
+		for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) /* copy upvalues to the top */
+			lua_pushvalue(L, -(nup + 1));
+		lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup); /* closure with those upvalues */
+		lua_settable(L, -(nup + 3));       /* table must be below the upvalues, the name and the closure */
+	}
+	lua_pop(L, nup); /* remove upvalues */
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_setmetatable(lua_State* L, const char* tname) {
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
+	luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);
+	lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void* luaL_testudata(lua_State* L, int i, const char* tname) {
+	void* p = lua_touserdata(L, i);
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "not enough stack slots");
+	if (p == NULL || !lua_getmetatable(L, i))
+		return NULL;
+	else {
+		int res = 0;
+		luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);
+		res = lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2);
+		lua_pop(L, 2);
+		if (!res)
+			p = NULL;
+	}
+	return p;
+}
+
+static int compat53_countlevels(lua_State* L) {
+	lua_Debug ar;
+	int li = 1, le = 1;
+	/* find an upper bound */
+	while (lua_getstack(L, le, &ar)) {
+		li = le;
+		le *= 2;
+	}
+	/* do a binary search */
+	while (li < le) {
+		int m = (li + le) / 2;
+		if (lua_getstack(L, m, &ar))
+			li = m + 1;
+		else
+			le = m;
+	}
+	return le - 1;
+}
+
+static int compat53_findfield(lua_State* L, int objidx, int level) {
+	if (level == 0 || !lua_istable(L, -1))
+		return 0;                               /* not found */
+	lua_pushnil(L);                              /* start 'next' loop */
+	while (lua_next(L, -2)) {                    /* for each pair in table */
+		if (lua_type(L, -2) == LUA_TSTRING) {   /* ignore non-string keys */
+			if (lua_rawequal(L, objidx, -1)) { /* found object? */
+				lua_pop(L, 1);                /* remove value (but keep name) */
+				return 1;
+			}
+			else if (compat53_findfield(L, objidx, level - 1)) { /* try recursively */
+				lua_remove(L, -2);                              /* remove table (but keep name) */
+				lua_pushliteral(L, ".");
+				lua_insert(L, -2); /* place '.' between the two names */
+				lua_concat(L, 3);
+				return 1;
+			}
+		}
+		lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
+	}
+	return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+static int compat53_pushglobalfuncname(lua_State* L, lua_Debug* ar) {
+	int top = lua_gettop(L);
+	lua_getinfo(L, "f", ar); /* push function */
+	lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
+	if (compat53_findfield(L, top + 1, 2)) {
+		lua_copy(L, -1, top + 1); /* move name to proper place */
+		lua_pop(L, 2);            /* remove pushed values */
+		return 1;
+	}
+	else {
+		lua_settop(L, top); /* remove function and global table */
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static void compat53_pushfuncname(lua_State* L, lua_Debug* ar) {
+	if (*ar->namewhat != '\0') /* is there a name? */
+		lua_pushfstring(L, "function " LUA_QS, ar->name);
+	else if (*ar->what == 'm') /* main? */
+		lua_pushliteral(L, "main chunk");
+	else if (*ar->what == 'C') {
+		if (compat53_pushglobalfuncname(L, ar)) {
+			lua_pushfstring(L, "function " LUA_QS, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+			lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove name */
+		}
+		else
+			lua_pushliteral(L, "?");
+	}
+	else
+		lua_pushfstring(L, "function <%s:%d>", ar->short_src, ar->linedefined);
+}
+
+#define COMPAT53_LEVELS1 12 /* size of the first part of the stack */
+#define COMPAT53_LEVELS2 10 /* size of the second part of the stack */
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_traceback(lua_State* L, lua_State* L1, const char* msg, int level) {
+	lua_Debug ar;
+	int top = lua_gettop(L);
+	int numlevels = compat53_countlevels(L1);
+	int mark = (numlevels > COMPAT53_LEVELS1 + COMPAT53_LEVELS2) ? COMPAT53_LEVELS1 : 0;
+	if (msg)
+		lua_pushfstring(L, "%s\n", msg);
+	lua_pushliteral(L, "stack traceback:");
+	while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {
+		if (level == mark) {                       /* too many levels? */
+			lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t...");        /* add a '...' */
+			level = numlevels - COMPAT53_LEVELS2; /* and skip to last ones */
+		}
+		else {
+			lua_getinfo(L1, "Slnt", &ar);
+			lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t%s:", ar.short_src);
+			if (ar.currentline > 0)
+				lua_pushfstring(L, "%d:", ar.currentline);
+			lua_pushliteral(L, " in ");
+			compat53_pushfuncname(L, &ar);
+			lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);
+		}
+	}
+	lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_fileresult(lua_State* L, int stat, const char* fname) {
+	const char* serr = NULL;
+	int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
+	char buf[512] = { 0 };
+	if (stat) {
+		lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	else {
+		lua_pushnil(L);
+		serr = compat53_strerror(en, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (fname)
+			lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", fname, serr);
+		else
+			lua_pushstring(L, serr);
+		lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)en);
+		return 3;
+	}
+}
+
+static int compat53_checkmode(lua_State* L, const char* mode, const char* modename, int err) {
+	if (mode && strchr(mode, modename[0]) == NULL) {
+		lua_pushfstring(L, "attempt to load a %s chunk (mode is '%s')", modename, mode);
+		return err;
+	}
+	return LUA_OK;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+	lua_Reader reader;
+	void* ud;
+	int has_peeked_data;
+	const char* peeked_data;
+	size_t peeked_data_size;
+} compat53_reader_data;
+
+static const char* compat53_reader(lua_State* L, void* ud, size_t* size) {
+	compat53_reader_data* data = (compat53_reader_data*)ud;
+	if (data->has_peeked_data) {
+		data->has_peeked_data = 0;
+		*size = data->peeked_data_size;
+		return data->peeked_data;
+	}
+	else
+		return data->reader(L, data->ud, size);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int lua_load(lua_State* L, lua_Reader reader, void* data, const char* source, const char* mode) {
+	int status = LUA_OK;
+	compat53_reader_data compat53_data = { reader, data, 1, 0, 0 };
+	compat53_data.peeked_data = reader(L, data, &(compat53_data.peeked_data_size));
+	if (compat53_data.peeked_data && compat53_data.peeked_data_size && compat53_data.peeked_data[0] == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) /* binary file? */
+		status = compat53_checkmode(L, mode, "binary", LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+	else
+		status = compat53_checkmode(L, mode, "text", LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+	if (status != LUA_OK)
+		return status;
+		/* we need to call the original 5.1 version of lua_load! */
+#undef lua_load
+	return lua_load(L, compat53_reader, &compat53_data, source);
+#define lua_load COMPAT53_CONCAT(COMPAT53_PREFIX, _load_53)
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+	int n;                                    /* number of pre-read characters */
+	FILE* f;                                  /* file being read */
+	char buff[COMPAT53_LUA_FILE_BUFFER_SIZE]; /* area for reading file */
+} compat53_LoadF;
+
+static const char* compat53_getF(lua_State* L, void* ud, size_t* size) {
+	compat53_LoadF* lf = (compat53_LoadF*)ud;
+	(void)L;            /* not used */
+	if (lf->n > 0) {    /* are there pre-read characters to be read? */
+		*size = lf->n; /* return them (chars already in buffer) */
+		lf->n = 0;     /* no more pre-read characters */
+	}
+	else { /* read a block from file */
+		  /* 'fread' can return > 0 *and* set the EOF flag. If next call to
+		  'compat53_getF' called 'fread', it might still wait for user input.
+		  The next check avoids this problem. */
+		if (feof(lf->f))
+			return NULL;
+		*size = fread(lf->buff, 1, sizeof(lf->buff), lf->f); /* read block */
+	}
+	return lf->buff;
+}
+
+static int compat53_errfile(lua_State* L, const char* what, int fnameindex) {
+	char buf[512] = { 0 };
+	const char* serr = compat53_strerror(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	const char* filename = lua_tostring(L, fnameindex) + 1;
+	lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot %s %s: %s", what, filename, serr);
+	lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+	return LUA_ERRFILE;
+}
+
+static int compat53_skipBOM(compat53_LoadF* lf) {
+	const char* p = "\xEF\xBB\xBF"; /* UTF-8 BOM mark */
+	int c;
+	lf->n = 0;
+	do {
+		c = getc(lf->f);
+		if (c == EOF || c != *(const unsigned char*)p++)
+			return c;
+		lf->buff[lf->n++] = (char)c; /* to be read by the parser */
+	} while (*p != '\0');
+	lf->n = 0;          /* prefix matched; discard it */
+	return getc(lf->f); /* return next character */
+}
+
+/*
+** reads the first character of file 'f' and skips an optional BOM mark
+** in its beginning plus its first line if it starts with '#'. Returns
+** true if it skipped the first line.  In any case, '*cp' has the
+** first "valid" character of the file (after the optional BOM and
+** a first-line comment).
+*/
+static int compat53_skipcomment(compat53_LoadF* lf, int* cp) {
+	int c = *cp = compat53_skipBOM(lf);
+	if (c == '#') { /* first line is a comment (Unix exec. file)? */
+		do {       /* skip first line */
+			c = getc(lf->f);
+		} while (c != EOF && c != '\n');
+		*cp = getc(lf->f); /* skip end-of-line, if present */
+		return 1;          /* there was a comment */
+	}
+	else
+		return 0; /* no comment */
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_loadfilex(lua_State* L, const char* filename, const char* mode) {
+	compat53_LoadF lf;
+	int status, readstatus;
+	int c;
+	int fnameindex = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of filename on the stack */
+	if (filename == NULL) {
+		lua_pushliteral(L, "=stdin");
+		lf.f = stdin;
+	}
+	else {
+		lua_pushfstring(L, "@%s", filename);
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+		/* This code is here to stop a deprecation error that stops builds
+		 * if a certain macro is defined. While normally not caring would
+		 * be best, some header-only libraries and builds can't afford to
+		 * dictate this to the user. A quick check shows that fopen_s this
+		 * goes back to VS 2005, and _fsopen goes back to VS 2003 .NET,
+		 * possibly even before that so we don't need to do any version
+		 * number checks, since this has been there since forever.  */
+
+		/* TO USER: if you want the behavior of typical fopen_s/fopen,
+		 * which does lock the file on VC++, define the macro used below to 0 */
+#if COMPAT53_FOPEN_NO_LOCK
+		lf.f = _fsopen(filename, "r", _SH_DENYNO); /* do not lock the file in any way */
+		if (lf.f == NULL)
+			return compat53_errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);
+#else  /* use default locking version */
+		if (fopen_s(&lf.f, filename, "r") != 0)
+			return compat53_errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);
+#endif /* Locking vs. No-locking fopen variants */
+#else
+		lf.f = fopen(filename, "r"); /* default stdlib doesn't forcefully lock files here */
+		if (lf.f == NULL)
+			return compat53_errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);
+#endif
+	}
+	if (compat53_skipcomment(&lf, &c))       /* read initial portion */
+		lf.buff[lf.n++] = '\n';             /* add line to correct line numbers */
+	if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0] && filename) { /* binary file? */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+		if (freopen_s(&lf.f, filename, "rb", lf.f) != 0)
+			return compat53_errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex);
+#else
+		lf.f = freopen(filename, "rb", lf.f); /* reopen in binary mode */
+		if (lf.f == NULL)
+			return compat53_errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex);
+#endif
+		compat53_skipcomment(&lf, &c); /* re-read initial portion */
+	}
+	if (c != EOF)
+		lf.buff[lf.n++] = (char)c; /* 'c' is the first character of the stream */
+	status = lua_load(L, &compat53_getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1), mode);
+	readstatus = ferror(lf.f);
+	if (filename)
+		fclose(lf.f); /* close file (even in case of errors) */
+	if (readstatus) {
+		lua_settop(L, fnameindex); /* ignore results from 'lua_load' */
+		return compat53_errfile(L, "read", fnameindex);
+	}
+	lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+	return status;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_loadbufferx(lua_State* L, const char* buff, size_t sz, const char* name, const char* mode) {
+	int status = LUA_OK;
+	if (sz > 0 && buff[0] == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) {
+		status = compat53_checkmode(L, mode, "binary", LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+	}
+	else {
+		status = compat53_checkmode(L, mode, "text", LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+	}
+	if (status != LUA_OK)
+		return status;
+	return luaL_loadbuffer(L, buff, sz, name);
+}
+
+#if !defined(l_inspectstat) \
+     && (defined(unix) || defined(__unix) || defined(__unix__) || defined(__TOS_AIX__) || defined(_SYSTYPE_BSD) || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)))
+/* some form of unix; check feature macros in unistd.h for details */
+#include <unistd.h>
+/* check posix version; the relevant include files and macros probably
+ * were available before 2001, but I'm not sure */
+#if defined(_POSIX_VERSION) && _POSIX_VERSION >= 200112L
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#define l_inspectstat(stat, what)   \
+	if (WIFEXITED(stat)) {         \
+		stat = WEXITSTATUS(stat); \
+	}                              \
+	else if (WIFSIGNALED(stat)) {  \
+		stat = WTERMSIG(stat);    \
+		what = "signal";          \
+	}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* provide default (no-op) version */
+#if !defined(l_inspectstat)
+#define l_inspectstat(stat, what) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+COMPAT53_API int luaL_execresult(lua_State* L, int stat) {
+	const char* what = "exit";
+	if (stat == -1)
+		return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+	else {
+		l_inspectstat(stat, what);
+		if (*what == 'e' && stat == 0)
+			lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+		else
+			lua_pushnil(L);
+		lua_pushstring(L, what);
+		lua_pushinteger(L, stat);
+		return 3;
+	}
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_buffinit(lua_State* L, luaL_Buffer_53* B) {
+	/* make it crash if used via pointer to a 5.1-style luaL_Buffer */
+	B->b.p = NULL;
+	B->b.L = NULL;
+	B->b.lvl = 0;
+	/* reuse the buffer from the 5.1-style luaL_Buffer though! */
+	B->ptr = B->b.buffer;
+	B->capacity = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;
+	B->nelems = 0;
+	B->L2 = L;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API char* luaL_prepbuffsize(luaL_Buffer_53* B, size_t s) {
+	if (B->capacity - B->nelems < s) { /* needs to grow */
+		char* newptr = NULL;
+		size_t newcap = B->capacity * 2;
+		if (newcap - B->nelems < s)
+			newcap = B->nelems + s;
+		if (newcap < B->capacity) /* overflow */
+			luaL_error(B->L2, "buffer too large");
+#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 504
+		newptr = (char*)lua_newuserdatauv(B->L2, newcap, 0);
+#else
+		newptr = (char*)lua_newuserdata(B->L2, newcap);
+#endif
+		memcpy(newptr, B->ptr, B->nelems);
+		if (B->ptr != B->b.buffer)
+			lua_replace(B->L2, -2); /* remove old buffer */
+		B->ptr = newptr;
+		B->capacity = newcap;
+	}
+	return B->ptr + B->nelems;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_addlstring(luaL_Buffer_53* B, const char* s, size_t l) {
+	memcpy(luaL_prepbuffsize(B, l), s, l);
+	luaL_addsize(B, l);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_addvalue(luaL_Buffer_53* B) {
+	size_t len = 0;
+	const char* s = lua_tolstring(B->L2, -1, &len);
+	if (!s)
+		luaL_error(B->L2, "cannot convert value to string");
+	if (B->ptr != B->b.buffer)
+		lua_insert(B->L2, -2); /* userdata buffer must be at stack top */
+	luaL_addlstring(B, s, len);
+	lua_remove(B->L2, B->ptr != B->b.buffer ? -2 : -1);
+}
+
+void luaL_pushresult(luaL_Buffer_53* B) {
+	lua_pushlstring(B->L2, B->ptr, B->nelems);
+	if (B->ptr != B->b.buffer)
+		lua_replace(B->L2, -2); /* remove userdata buffer */
+}
+
+#endif /* Lua 5.1 */
+
+/* definitions for Lua 5.1 and Lua 5.2 */
+#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM <= 502
+
+COMPAT53_API int lua_geti(lua_State* L, int index, lua_Integer i) {
+	index = lua_absindex(L, index);
+	lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+	lua_gettable(L, index);
+	return lua_type(L, -1);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API int lua_isinteger(lua_State* L, int index) {
+	if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+		lua_Number n = lua_tonumber(L, index);
+		lua_Integer i = lua_tointeger(L, index);
+		if (i == n)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API lua_Integer lua_tointegerx(lua_State* L, int i, int* isnum) {
+	int ok = 0;
+	lua_Number n = lua_tonumberx(L, i, &ok);
+	if (ok) {
+		if (n == (lua_Integer)n) {
+			if (isnum)
+				*isnum = 1;
+			return (lua_Integer)n;
+		}
+	}
+	if (isnum)
+		*isnum = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void compat53_reverse(lua_State* L, int a, int b) {
+	for (; a < b; ++a, --b) {
+		lua_pushvalue(L, a);
+		lua_pushvalue(L, b);
+		lua_replace(L, a);
+		lua_replace(L, b);
+	}
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void lua_rotate(lua_State* L, int idx, int n) {
+	int n_elems = 0;
+	idx = lua_absindex(L, idx);
+	n_elems = lua_gettop(L) - idx + 1;
+	if (n < 0)
+		n += n_elems;
+	if (n > 0 && n < n_elems) {
+		luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "not enough stack slots available");
+		n = n_elems - n;
+		compat53_reverse(L, idx, idx + n - 1);
+		compat53_reverse(L, idx + n, idx + n_elems - 1);
+		compat53_reverse(L, idx, idx + n_elems - 1);
+	}
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void lua_seti(lua_State* L, int index, lua_Integer i) {
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots available");
+	index = lua_absindex(L, index);
+	lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+	lua_insert(L, -2);
+	lua_settable(L, index);
+}
+
+#if !defined(lua_str2number)
+#define lua_str2number(s, p) strtod((s), (p))
+#endif
+
+COMPAT53_API size_t lua_stringtonumber(lua_State* L, const char* s) {
+	char* endptr;
+	lua_Number n = lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
+	if (endptr != s) {
+		while (*endptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char)*endptr))
+			++endptr;
+		if (*endptr == '\0') {
+			lua_pushnumber(L, n);
+			return endptr - s + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API const char* luaL_tolstring(lua_State* L, int idx, size_t* len) {
+	if (!luaL_callmeta(L, idx, "__tostring")) {
+		int t = lua_type(L, idx), tt = 0;
+		char const* name = NULL;
+		switch (t) {
+		case LUA_TNIL:
+			lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
+			break;
+		case LUA_TSTRING:
+		case LUA_TNUMBER:
+			lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+			break;
+		case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+			if (lua_toboolean(L, idx))
+				lua_pushliteral(L, "true");
+			else
+				lua_pushliteral(L, "false");
+			break;
+		default:
+			tt = luaL_getmetafield(L, idx, "__name");
+			name = (tt == LUA_TSTRING) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) : lua_typename(L, t);
+			lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", name, lua_topointer(L, idx));
+			if (tt != LUA_TNIL)
+				lua_replace(L, -2);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+			luaL_error(L, "'__tostring' must return a string");
+	}
+	return lua_tolstring(L, -1, len);
+}
+
+COMPAT53_API void luaL_requiref(lua_State* L, const char* modname, lua_CFunction openf, int glb) {
+	luaL_checkstack(L, 3, "not enough stack slots available");
+	luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+	if (lua_getfield(L, -1, modname) == LUA_TNIL) {
+		lua_pop(L, 1);
+		lua_pushcfunction(L, openf);
+		lua_pushstring(L, modname);
+		lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+		lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+		lua_setfield(L, -3, modname);
+	}
+	if (glb) {
+		lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+		lua_setglobal(L, modname);
+	}
+	lua_replace(L, -2);
+}
+
+#endif /* Lua 5.1 and 5.2 */
+
+#endif /* KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT53_C_ */
+
+/*********************************************************************
+ * This file contains parts of Lua 5.2's and Lua 5.3's source code:
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1994-2014 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+ * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+ * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *********************************************************************/
+// end of sol/compatibility/compat-5.3.c.h
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT53_H_ */
+
+// end of sol/compatibility/compat-5.3.h
+
+// beginning of sol/compatibility/compat-5.4.h
+
+#ifndef NOT_KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT54_H_
+#define NOT_KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT54_H_
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(COMPAT53_LUA_CPP)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#include <lua.h>
+#include <lauxlib.h>
+#include <lualib.h>
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(COMPAT53_LUA_CPP)
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM) && LUA_VERSION_NUM == 504
+
+#if !defined(LUA_ERRGCMM)
+/* So Lua 5.4 actually removes this, which breaks sol2...
+ man, this API is quite unstable...!
+*/
+#  define LUA_ERRGCMM (LUA_ERRERR + 2)
+#endif /* LUA_ERRGCMM define */
+
+#endif // Lua 5.4 only
+
+#endif // NOT_KEPLER_PROJECT_COMPAT54_H_// end of sol/compatibility/compat-5.4.h
+
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/compatibility.hpp
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename Allocator = std::allocator<std::byte>>
+	class basic_bytecode : private std::vector<std::byte, Allocator> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = std::vector<std::byte, Allocator>;
+
+	public:
+		using typename base_t::allocator_type;
+		using typename base_t::const_iterator;
+		using typename base_t::const_pointer;
+		using typename base_t::const_reference;
+		using typename base_t::const_reverse_iterator;
+		using typename base_t::difference_type;
+		using typename base_t::iterator;
+		using typename base_t::pointer;
+		using typename base_t::reference;
+		using typename base_t::reverse_iterator;
+		using typename base_t::size_type;
+		using typename base_t::value_type;
+
+		using base_t::base_t;
+		using base_t::operator=;
+
+		using base_t::data;
+		using base_t::empty;
+		using base_t::max_size;
+		using base_t::size;
+
+		using base_t::at;
+		using base_t::operator[];
+		using base_t::back;
+		using base_t::front;
+
+		using base_t::begin;
+		using base_t::cbegin;
+		using base_t::cend;
+		using base_t::end;
+
+		using base_t::crbegin;
+		using base_t::crend;
+		using base_t::rbegin;
+		using base_t::rend;
+
+		using base_t::get_allocator;
+		using base_t::swap;
+
+		using base_t::clear;
+		using base_t::emplace;
+		using base_t::emplace_back;
+		using base_t::erase;
+		using base_t::insert;
+		using base_t::pop_back;
+		using base_t::push_back;
+		using base_t::reserve;
+		using base_t::resize;
+		using base_t::shrink_to_fit;
+
+		string_view as_string_view() const {
+			return string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(this->data()), this->size());
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Container>
+	inline int basic_insert_dump_writer(lua_State*, const void* memory, size_t memory_size, void* userdata_pointer) {
+		using storage_t = Container;
+		const std::byte* p_code = static_cast<const std::byte*>(memory);
+		storage_t& bc = *static_cast<storage_t*>(userdata_pointer);
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+		bc.insert(bc.cend(), p_code, p_code + memory_size);
+#else
+		try {
+			bc.insert(bc.cend(), p_code, p_code + memory_size);
+		}
+		catch (...) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+#endif
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	using bytecode = basic_bytecode<>;
+
+	constexpr inline auto bytecode_dump_writer = &basic_insert_dump_writer<bytecode>;
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/bytecode.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/trampoline.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/types.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/error.hpp
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <array>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		struct direct_error_tag { };
+		const auto direct_error = direct_error_tag {};
+
+		struct error_result {
+			int results;
+			const char* format_string;
+			std::array<const char*, 4> argument_strings;
+
+			error_result() : results(0), format_string(nullptr) {
+			}
+
+			error_result(int results_) : results(results_), format_string(nullptr) {
+			}
+
+			error_result(const char* format_string_, const char* first_message_) : results(0), format_string(format_string_), argument_strings() {
+				argument_strings[0] = first_message_;
+			}
+		};
+
+		inline int handle_errors(lua_State* L, const error_result& er) {
+			if (er.format_string == nullptr) {
+				return er.results;
+			}
+			return luaL_error(L, er.format_string, er.argument_strings[0], er.argument_strings[1], er.argument_strings[2], er.argument_strings[3]);
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	class error : public std::runtime_error {
+	private:
+		// Because VC++ is upsetting, most of the time!
+		std::string what_reason;
+
+	public:
+		error(const std::string& str) : error(detail::direct_error, "lua: error: " + str) {
+		}
+		error(std::string&& str) : error(detail::direct_error, "lua: error: " + std::move(str)) {
+		}
+		error(detail::direct_error_tag, const std::string& str) : std::runtime_error(""), what_reason(str) {
+		}
+		error(detail::direct_error_tag, std::string&& str) : std::runtime_error(""), what_reason(std::move(str)) {
+		}
+
+		error(const error& e) = default;
+		error(error&& e) = default;
+		error& operator=(const error& e) = default;
+		error& operator=(error&& e) = default;
+
+		virtual const char* what() const noexcept override {
+			return what_reason.c_str();
+		}
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/error.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/optional.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/in_place.hpp
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	using in_place_t = std::in_place_t;
+	constexpr std::in_place_t in_place {};
+	constexpr std::in_place_t in_place_of {};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using in_place_type_t = std::in_place_type_t<T>;
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr std::in_place_type_t<T> in_place_type {};
+
+	template <size_t I>
+	using in_place_index_t = std::in_place_index_t<I>;
+	template <size_t I>
+	constexpr in_place_index_t<I> in_place_index {};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/in_place.hpp
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+#include <boost/optional.hpp>
+#else
+// beginning of sol/optional_implementation.hpp
+
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_VERSION_MAJOR 0
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_VERSION_MINOR 5
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <functional>
+#include <new>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <optional>
+
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1900)
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_MSVC2015
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 9 && !defined(__clang__))
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 5 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 4 && !defined(__clang__))
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 5 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 5 && !defined(__clang__))
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 9 && !defined(__clang__))
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T) std::has_trivial_copy_constructor<T>::value
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T) std::has_trivial_copy_assign<T>::value
+
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T) std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value
+
+#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 8 && !defined(__clang__))
+#ifndef SOL_TL_GCC_LESS_8_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE_MUTEX
+#define SOL_TL_GCC_LESS_8_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE_MUTEX
+namespace sol { namespace detail {
+	template <class T>
+	struct is_trivially_copy_constructible : std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T> { };
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_VECTOR
+	template <class T, class A>
+	struct is_trivially_copy_constructible<std::vector<T, A>> : std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T> { };
+#endif
+}} // namespace sol::detail
+#endif
+
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T) sol::detail::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>::value
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T) std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>::value
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T) std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value
+#else
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T) std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>::value
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T) std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>::value
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T) std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value
+#endif
+
+#if __cplusplus > 201103L
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14
+#endif
+
+#if (__cplusplus == 201103L || defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_MSVC2015) || defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49))
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR
+#else
+   /// \exclude
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#endif
+
+namespace sol {
+#ifndef SOL_TL_MONOSTATE_INPLACE_MUTEX
+#define SOL_TL_MONOSTATE_INPLACE_MUTEX
+	/// \brief Used to represent an optional with no data; essentially a bool
+	class monostate { };
+#endif
+
+	template <class T>
+	class optional;
+
+	/// \exclude
+	namespace detail {
+#ifndef SOL_TL_TRAITS_MUTEX
+#define SOL_TL_TRAITS_MUTEX
+		// C++14-style aliases for brevity
+		template <class T>
+		using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
+		template <class T>
+		using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+		template <class T>
+		using decay_t = typename std::decay<T>::type;
+		template <bool E, class T = void>
+		using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<E, T>::type;
+		template <bool B, class T, class F>
+		using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
+
+		// std::conjunction from C++17
+		template <class...>
+		struct conjunction : std::true_type { };
+		template <class B>
+		struct conjunction<B> : B { };
+		template <class B, class... Bs>
+		struct conjunction<B, Bs...> : std::conditional<bool(B::value), conjunction<Bs...>, B>::type { };
+
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && __cplusplus == 201103L
+#define SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
+		template <class T>
+		struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func : std::false_type { };
+		template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+		struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...)> : std::true_type { };
+		template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+		struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...)&> : std::true_type { };
+		template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+		struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) &&> : std::true_type { };
+		template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+		struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile> : std::true_type { };
+		template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+		struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile&> : std::true_type { };
+		template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
+		struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile&&> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct is_const_or_const_ref : std::false_type { };
+		template <class T>
+		struct is_const_or_const_ref<T const&> : std::true_type { };
+		template <class T>
+		struct is_const_or_const_ref<T const> : std::true_type { };
+#endif
+
+		// std::invoke from C++17
+		// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38288042/c11-14-invoke-workaround
+		template <typename Fn, typename... Args,
+#ifdef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
+		     typename = enable_if_t<!(is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Fn>::value && is_const_or_const_ref<Args...>::value)>,
+#endif
+		     typename = enable_if_t<std::is_member_pointer<decay_t<Fn>>::value>, int = 0>
+		constexpr auto invoke(Fn&& f, Args&&... args) noexcept(noexcept(std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
+		     -> decltype(std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
+			return std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fn, typename... Args, typename = enable_if_t<!std::is_member_pointer<decay_t<Fn>>::value>>
+		constexpr auto invoke(Fn&& f, Args&&... args) noexcept(noexcept(std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
+		     -> decltype(std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
+			return std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		// std::invoke_result from C++17
+		template <class F, class, class... Us>
+		struct invoke_result_impl;
+
+		template <class F, class... Us>
+		struct invoke_result_impl<F, decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Us>()...), void()), Us...> {
+			using type = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Us>()...));
+		};
+
+		template <class F, class... Us>
+		using invoke_result = invoke_result_impl<F, void, Us...>;
+
+		template <class F, class... Us>
+		using invoke_result_t = typename invoke_result<F, Us...>::type;
+#endif
+
+		// std::void_t from C++17
+		template <class...>
+		struct voider {
+			using type = void;
+		};
+		template <class... Ts>
+		using void_t = typename voider<Ts...>::type;
+
+		// Trait for checking if a type is a sol::optional
+		template <class T>
+		struct is_optional_impl : std::false_type { };
+		template <class T>
+		struct is_optional_impl<optional<T>> : std::true_type { };
+		template <class T>
+		using is_optional = is_optional_impl<decay_t<T>>;
+
+		// Change void to sol::monostate
+		template <class U>
+		using fixup_void = conditional_t<std::is_void<U>::value, monostate, U>;
+
+		template <class F, class U, class = invoke_result_t<F, U>>
+		using get_map_return = optional<fixup_void<invoke_result_t<F, U>>>;
+
+		// Check if invoking F for some Us returns void
+		template <class F, class = void, class... U>
+		struct returns_void_impl;
+		template <class F, class... U>
+		struct returns_void_impl<F, void_t<invoke_result_t<F, U...>>, U...> : std::is_void<invoke_result_t<F, U...>> { };
+		template <class F, class... U>
+		using returns_void = returns_void_impl<F, void, U...>;
+
+		template <class T, class... U>
+		using enable_if_ret_void = enable_if_t<returns_void<T&&, U...>::value>;
+
+		template <class T, class... U>
+		using disable_if_ret_void = enable_if_t<!returns_void<T&&, U...>::value>;
+
+		template <class T, class U>
+		using enable_forward_value = detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, U&&>::value && !std::is_same<detail::decay_t<U>, in_place_t>::value
+		     && !std::is_same<optional<T>, detail::decay_t<U>>::value>;
+
+		template <class T, class U, class Other>
+		using enable_from_other = detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Other>::value && !std::is_constructible<T, optional<U>&>::value
+		     && !std::is_constructible<T, optional<U>&&>::value && !std::is_constructible<T, const optional<U>&>::value
+		     && !std::is_constructible<T, const optional<U>&&>::value && !std::is_convertible<optional<U>&, T>::value
+		     && !std::is_convertible<optional<U>&&, T>::value && !std::is_convertible<const optional<U>&, T>::value
+		     && !std::is_convertible<const optional<U>&&, T>::value>;
+
+		template <class T, class U>
+		using enable_assign_forward = detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<optional<T>, detail::decay_t<U>>::value
+		     && !detail::conjunction<std::is_scalar<T>, std::is_same<T, detail::decay_t<U>>>::value && std::is_constructible<T, U>::value
+		     && std::is_assignable<T&, U>::value>;
+
+		template <class T, class U, class Other>
+		using enable_assign_from_other = detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Other>::value && std::is_assignable<T&, Other>::value
+		     && !std::is_constructible<T, optional<U>&>::value && !std::is_constructible<T, optional<U>&&>::value
+		     && !std::is_constructible<T, const optional<U>&>::value && !std::is_constructible<T, const optional<U>&&>::value
+		     && !std::is_convertible<optional<U>&, T>::value && !std::is_convertible<optional<U>&&, T>::value
+		     && !std::is_convertible<const optional<U>&, T>::value && !std::is_convertible<const optional<U>&&, T>::value
+		     && !std::is_assignable<T&, optional<U>&>::value && !std::is_assignable<T&, optional<U>&&>::value
+		     && !std::is_assignable<T&, const optional<U>&>::value && !std::is_assignable<T&, const optional<U>&&>::value>;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+		// TODO make a version which works with MSVC
+		template <class T, class U = T>
+		struct is_swappable : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <class T, class U = T>
+		struct is_nothrow_swappable : std::true_type { };
+#else
+		// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26744589/what-is-a-proper-way-to-implement-is-swappable-to-test-for-the-swappable-concept
+		namespace swap_adl_tests {
+			// if swap ADL finds this then it would call std::swap otherwise (same
+			// signature)
+			struct tag { };
+
+			template <class T>
+			tag swap(T&, T&);
+			template <class T, std::size_t N>
+			tag swap(T (&a)[N], T (&b)[N]);
+
+			// helper functions to test if an unqualified swap is possible, and if it
+			// becomes std::swap
+			template <class, class>
+			std::false_type can_swap(...) noexcept(false);
+			template <class T, class U, class = decltype(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>()))>
+			std::true_type can_swap(int) noexcept(noexcept(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>())));
+
+			template <class, class>
+			std::false_type uses_std(...);
+			template <class T, class U>
+			std::is_same<decltype(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<U&>())), tag> uses_std(int);
+
+			template <class T>
+			struct is_std_swap_noexcept
+			: std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value && std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value> { };
+
+			template <class T, std::size_t N>
+			struct is_std_swap_noexcept<T[N]> : is_std_swap_noexcept<T> { };
+
+			template <class T, class U>
+			struct is_adl_swap_noexcept : std::integral_constant<bool, noexcept(can_swap<T, U>(0))> { };
+		} // namespace swap_adl_tests
+
+		template <class T, class U = T>
+		struct is_swappable : std::integral_constant<bool,
+		                           decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::can_swap<T, U>(0))::value
+		                                && (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value
+		                                     || (std::is_move_assignable<T>::value && std::is_move_constructible<T>::value))> { };
+
+		template <class T, std::size_t N>
+		struct is_swappable<T[N], T[N]> : std::integral_constant<bool,
+		                                       decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::can_swap<T[N], T[N]>(0))::value
+		                                            && (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T[N], T[N]>(0))::value || is_swappable<T, T>::value)> { };
+
+		template <class T, class U = T>
+		struct is_nothrow_swappable
+		: std::integral_constant<bool,
+		       is_swappable<T, U>::value
+		            && ((decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value&& detail::swap_adl_tests::is_std_swap_noexcept<T>::value)
+		                 || (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value&& detail::swap_adl_tests::is_adl_swap_noexcept<T, U>::value))> { };
+#endif
+
+		// The storage base manages the actual storage, and correctly propagates
+		// trivial destroyion from T. This case is for when T is not trivially
+		// destructible.
+		template <class T, bool = ::std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value>
+		struct optional_storage_base {
+			SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional_storage_base() noexcept : m_dummy(), m_has_value(false) {
+			}
+
+			template <class... U>
+			SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional_storage_base(in_place_t, U&&... u) : m_value(std::forward<U>(u)...), m_has_value(true) {
+			}
+
+			~optional_storage_base() {
+				if (m_has_value) {
+					m_value.~T();
+					m_has_value = false;
+				}
+			}
+
+			struct dummy { };
+			union {
+				dummy m_dummy;
+				T m_value;
+			};
+
+			bool m_has_value;
+		};
+
+		// This case is for when T is trivially destructible.
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_storage_base<T, true> {
+			SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional_storage_base() noexcept : m_dummy(), m_has_value(false) {
+			}
+
+			template <class... U>
+			SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional_storage_base(in_place_t, U&&... u) : m_value(std::forward<U>(u)...), m_has_value(true) {
+			}
+
+			// No destructor, so this class is trivially destructible
+
+			struct dummy { };
+			union {
+				dummy m_dummy;
+				T m_value;
+			};
+
+			bool m_has_value = false;
+		};
+
+		// This base class provides some handy member functions which can be used in
+		// further derived classes
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_operations_base : optional_storage_base<T> {
+			using optional_storage_base<T>::optional_storage_base;
+
+			void hard_reset() noexcept {
+				get().~T();
+				this->m_has_value = false;
+			}
+
+			template <class... Args>
+			void construct(Args&&... args) noexcept {
+				new (std::addressof(this->m_value)) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				this->m_has_value = true;
+			}
+
+			template <class Opt>
+			void assign(Opt&& rhs) {
+				if (this->has_value()) {
+					if (rhs.has_value()) {
+						this->m_value = std::forward<Opt>(rhs).get();
+					}
+					else {
+						this->m_value.~T();
+						this->m_has_value = false;
+					}
+				}
+
+				else if (rhs.has_value()) {
+					construct(std::forward<Opt>(rhs).get());
+				}
+			}
+
+			bool has_value() const {
+				return this->m_has_value;
+			}
+
+			SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& get() & {
+				return this->m_value;
+			}
+			SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR const T& get() const& {
+				return this->m_value;
+			}
+			SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T&& get() && {
+				return std::move(this->m_value);
+			}
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+			constexpr const T&& get() const&& {
+				return std::move(this->m_value);
+			}
+#endif
+		};
+
+		// This class manages conditionally having a trivial copy constructor
+		// This specialization is for when T is trivially copy constructible
+		template <class T, bool = SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T)>
+		struct optional_copy_base : optional_operations_base<T> {
+			using optional_operations_base<T>::optional_operations_base;
+		};
+
+		// This specialization is for when T is not trivially copy constructible
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_copy_base<T, false> : optional_operations_base<T> {
+			using base_t = optional_operations_base<T>;
+
+			using base_t::base_t;
+
+			optional_copy_base() = default;
+			optional_copy_base(const optional_copy_base& rhs) : base_t() {
+				if (rhs.has_value()) {
+					this->construct(rhs.get());
+				}
+				else {
+					this->m_has_value = false;
+				}
+			}
+
+			optional_copy_base(optional_copy_base&& rhs) = default;
+			optional_copy_base& operator=(const optional_copy_base& rhs) = default;
+			optional_copy_base& operator=(optional_copy_base&& rhs) = default;
+		};
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49
+		template <class T, bool = std::is_trivially_move_constructible<T>::value>
+		struct optional_move_base : optional_copy_base<T> {
+			using optional_copy_base<T>::optional_copy_base;
+		};
+#else
+		template <class T, bool = false>
+		struct optional_move_base;
+#endif
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_move_base<T, false> : optional_copy_base<T> {
+			using optional_copy_base<T>::optional_copy_base;
+
+			optional_move_base() = default;
+			optional_move_base(const optional_move_base& rhs) = default;
+
+			optional_move_base(optional_move_base&& rhs) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value) {
+				if (rhs.has_value()) {
+					this->construct(std::move(rhs.get()));
+				}
+				else {
+					this->m_has_value = false;
+				}
+			}
+			optional_move_base& operator=(const optional_move_base& rhs) = default;
+			optional_move_base& operator=(optional_move_base&& rhs) = default;
+		};
+
+		// This class manages conditionally having a trivial copy assignment operator
+		template <class T,
+		     bool = SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T) && SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T)
+		          && SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T)>
+		struct optional_copy_assign_base : optional_move_base<T> {
+			using optional_move_base<T>::optional_move_base;
+		};
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_copy_assign_base<T, false> : optional_move_base<T> {
+			using optional_move_base<T>::optional_move_base;
+
+			optional_copy_assign_base() = default;
+			optional_copy_assign_base(const optional_copy_assign_base& rhs) = default;
+
+			optional_copy_assign_base(optional_copy_assign_base&& rhs) = default;
+			optional_copy_assign_base& operator=(const optional_copy_assign_base& rhs) {
+				this->assign(rhs);
+				return *this;
+			}
+			optional_copy_assign_base& operator=(optional_copy_assign_base&& rhs) = default;
+		};
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49
+		template <class T,
+		     bool = std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value&& std::is_trivially_move_constructible<T>::value&& std::is_trivially_move_assignable<T>::value>
+		struct optional_move_assign_base : optional_copy_assign_base<T> {
+			using optional_copy_assign_base<T>::optional_copy_assign_base;
+		};
+#else
+		template <class T, bool = false>
+		struct optional_move_assign_base;
+#endif
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_move_assign_base<T, false> : optional_copy_assign_base<T> {
+			using optional_copy_assign_base<T>::optional_copy_assign_base;
+
+			optional_move_assign_base() = default;
+			optional_move_assign_base(const optional_move_assign_base& rhs) = default;
+
+			optional_move_assign_base(optional_move_assign_base&& rhs) = default;
+
+			optional_move_assign_base& operator=(const optional_move_assign_base& rhs) = default;
+
+			optional_move_assign_base& operator=(optional_move_assign_base&& rhs) noexcept(
+			     std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value&& std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value) {
+				this->assign(std::move(rhs));
+				return *this;
+			}
+		};
+
+		// optional_delete_ctor_base will conditionally delete copy and move
+		// constructors depending on whether T is copy/move constructible
+		template <class T, bool EnableCopy = std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value, bool EnableMove = std::is_move_constructible<T>::value>
+		struct optional_delete_ctor_base {
+			optional_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+		};
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_delete_ctor_base<T, true, false> {
+			optional_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+		};
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_delete_ctor_base<T, false, true> {
+			optional_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = delete;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+		};
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_delete_ctor_base<T, false, false> {
+			optional_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = delete;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const optional_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_ctor_base& operator=(optional_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+		};
+
+		// optional_delete_assign_base will conditionally delete copy and move
+		// constructors depending on whether T is copy/move constructible + assignable
+		template <class T, bool EnableCopy = (std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value && std::is_copy_assignable<T>::value),
+		     bool EnableMove = (std::is_move_constructible<T>::value && std::is_move_assignable<T>::value)>
+		struct optional_delete_assign_base {
+			optional_delete_assign_base() = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+		};
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_delete_assign_base<T, true, false> {
+			optional_delete_assign_base() = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+		};
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_delete_assign_base<T, false, true> {
+			optional_delete_assign_base() = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = delete;
+			optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+		};
+
+		template <class T>
+		struct optional_delete_assign_base<T, false, false> {
+			optional_delete_assign_base() = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+			optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(const optional_delete_assign_base&) = delete;
+			optional_delete_assign_base& operator=(optional_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+		};
+
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	/// \brief A tag type to represent an empty optional
+	using nullopt_t = std::nullopt_t;
+
+	/// \brief Represents an empty optional
+	/// \synopsis static constexpr nullopt_t nullopt;
+	///
+	/// *Examples*:
+	/// ```
+	/// sol::optional<int> a = sol::nullopt;
+	/// void foo (sol::optional<int>);
+	/// foo(sol::nullopt); //pass an empty optional
+	/// ```
+	using std::nullopt;
+
+	/// @brief An exception for when an optional is accessed through specific methods while it is not engaged.
+	class bad_optional_access : public std::exception {
+	public:
+		/// @brief Default-constructs an optional exception.
+		bad_optional_access() = default;
+		/// @brief Returns a pointer to a null-terminated string containing the reason for the exception.
+		const char* what() const noexcept override {
+			return "Optional has no value";
+		}
+	};
+
+	/// An optional object is an object that contains the storage for another
+	/// object and manages the lifetime of this contained object, if any. The
+	/// contained object may be initialized after the optional object has been
+	/// initialized, and may be destroyed before the optional object has been
+	/// destroyed. The initialization state of the contained object is tracked by
+	/// the optional object.
+	template <class T>
+	class optional : private detail::optional_move_assign_base<T>,
+	                 private detail::optional_delete_ctor_base<T>,
+	                 private detail::optional_delete_assign_base<T> {
+		using base = detail::optional_move_assign_base<T>;
+
+		static_assert(!std::is_same<T, in_place_t>::value, "instantiation of optional with in_place_t is ill-formed");
+		static_assert(!std::is_same<detail::decay_t<T>, nullopt_t>::value, "instantiation of optional with nullopt_t is ill-formed");
+
+	public:
+#if defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// Carries out some operation which returns an optional on the stored
+		/// object if there is one. \requires `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())` returns a `std::optional<U>` for some `U`. \returns Let `U` be
+		/// the result of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())`. Returns a
+		/// `std::optional<U>`. The return value is empty if `*this` is empty,
+		/// otherwise the return value of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())`
+		/// is returned.
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) &;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F&& f) & {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F&& f) && {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const &;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr auto and_then(F&& f) const& {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const &&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr auto and_then(F&& f) const&& {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+#endif
+#else
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// Carries out some operation which returns an optional on the stored
+		/// object if there is one. \requires `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())` returns a `std::optional<U>` for some `U`.
+		/// \returns Let `U` be the result of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())`. Returns a `std::optional<U>`. The return value is empty if
+		/// `*this` is empty, otherwise the return value of
+		/// `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())` is returned.
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) &;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&> and_then(F&& f) & {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&&> and_then(F&& f) && {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const &;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&> and_then(F&& f) const& {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const &&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&&> and_then(F&& f) const&& {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+		/// \brief Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+		/// \returns Let `U` be the result of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())`. Returns a `std::optional<U>`. The return value is empty if
+		/// `*this` is empty, otherwise an `optional<U>` is constructed from the
+		/// return value of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())` and is
+		/// returned.
+		///
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> constexpr auto map(F &&f) &;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F&& f) & {
+			return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> constexpr auto map(F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F&& f) && {
+			return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> constexpr auto map(F &&f) const&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr auto map(F&& f) const& {
+			return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> constexpr auto map(F &&f) const&&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr auto map(F&& f) const&& {
+			return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+#else
+		/// \brief Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+		/// \returns Let `U` be the result of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())`. Returns a `std::optional<U>`. The return value is empty if
+		/// `*this` is empty, otherwise an `optional<U>` is constructed from the
+		/// return value of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())` and is
+		/// returned.
+		///
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> auto map(F &&f) &;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<optional&>(), std::declval<F&&>())) map(F&& f) & {
+			return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> auto map(F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<optional&&>(), std::declval<F&&>())) map(F&& f) && {
+			return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> auto map(F &&f) const&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&>(), std::declval<F&&>())) map(F&& f) const& {
+			return optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> auto map(F &&f) const&&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr decltype(optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&&>(), std::declval<F&&>())) map(F&& f) const&& {
+			return optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+		/// \brief Calls `f` if the optional is empty
+		/// \requires `std::invoke_result_t<F>` must be void or convertible to
+		/// `optional<T>`.
+		/// \effects If `*this` has a value, returns `*this`.
+		/// Otherwise, if `f` returns `void`, calls `std::forward<F>(f)` and returns
+		/// `std::nullopt`. Otherwise, returns `std::forward<F>(f)()`.
+		///
+		/// \group or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> optional<T> or_else (F &&f) &;
+		template <class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) & {
+			if (has_value())
+				return *this;
+
+			std::forward<F>(f)();
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) & {
+			return has_value() ? *this : std::forward<F>(f)();
+		}
+
+		/// \group or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> optional<T> or_else (F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> or_else(F&& f) && {
+			if (has_value())
+				return std::move(*this);
+
+			std::forward<F>(f)();
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) && {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::forward<F>(f)();
+		}
+
+		/// \group or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> optional<T> or_else (F &&f) const &;
+		template <class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const& {
+			if (has_value())
+				return *this;
+
+			std::forward<F>(f)();
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) const& {
+			return has_value() ? *this : std::forward<F>(f)();
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&& {
+			if (has_value())
+				return std::move(*this);
+
+			std::forward<F>(f)();
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::forward<F>(f)();
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \brief Maps the stored value with `f` if there is one, otherwise returns
+		/// `u`.
+		///
+		/// \details If there is a value stored, then `f` is called with `**this`
+		/// and the value is returned. Otherwise `u` is returned.
+		///
+		/// \group map_or
+		template <class F, class U>
+		U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) & {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : std::forward<U>(u);
+		}
+
+		/// \group map_or
+		template <class F, class U>
+		U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) && {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : std::forward<U>(u);
+		}
+
+		/// \group map_or
+		template <class F, class U>
+		U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) const& {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : std::forward<U>(u);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group map_or
+		template <class F, class U>
+		U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : std::forward<U>(u);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \brief Maps the stored value with `f` if there is one, otherwise calls
+		/// `u` and returns the result.
+		///
+		/// \details If there is a value stored, then `f` is
+		/// called with `**this` and the value is returned. Otherwise
+		/// `std::forward<U>(u)()` is returned.
+		///
+		/// \group map_or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F, class U> \n auto map_or_else(F &&f, U &&u) &;
+		template <class F, class U>
+		detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) & {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : std::forward<U>(u)();
+		}
+
+		/// \group map_or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F, class U> \n auto map_or_else(F &&f, U &&u)
+		/// &&;
+		template <class F, class U>
+		detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) && {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : std::forward<U>(u)();
+		}
+
+		/// \group map_or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F, class U> \n auto map_or_else(F &&f, U &&u)
+		/// const &;
+		template <class F, class U>
+		detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) const& {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : std::forward<U>(u)();
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group map_or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F, class U> \n auto map_or_else(F &&f, U &&u)
+		/// const &&;
+		template <class F, class U>
+		detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : std::forward<U>(u)();
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \returns `u` if `*this` has a value, otherwise an empty optional.
+		template <class U>
+		constexpr optional<typename std::decay<U>::type> conjunction(U&& u) const {
+			using result = optional<detail::decay_t<U>>;
+			return has_value() ? result { u } : result { nullopt };
+		}
+
+		/// \returns `rhs` if `*this` is empty, otherwise the current value.
+		/// \group disjunction
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) & {
+			return has_value() ? *this : rhs;
+		}
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		constexpr optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) const& {
+			return has_value() ? *this : rhs;
+		}
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) && {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : rhs;
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group disjunction
+		constexpr optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : rhs;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) & {
+			return has_value() ? *this : std::move(rhs);
+		}
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		constexpr optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) const& {
+			return has_value() ? *this : std::move(rhs);
+		}
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) && {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::move(rhs);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group disjunction
+		constexpr optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::move(rhs);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// Takes the value out of the optional, leaving it empty
+		/// \group take
+		optional take() & {
+			optional ret = *this;
+			reset();
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		/// \group take
+		optional take() const& {
+			optional ret = *this;
+			reset();
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		/// \group take
+		optional take() && {
+			optional ret = std::move(*this);
+			reset();
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group take
+		optional take() const&& {
+			optional ret = std::move(*this);
+			reset();
+			return ret;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		using value_type = T;
+
+		/// Constructs an optional that does not contain a value.
+		/// \group ctor_empty
+		constexpr optional() noexcept = default;
+
+		/// \group ctor_empty
+		constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept {
+		}
+
+		/// Copy constructor
+		///
+		/// If `rhs` contains a value, the stored value is direct-initialized with
+		/// it. Otherwise, the constructed optional is empty.
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional(const optional& rhs) = default;
+
+		/// Move constructor
+		///
+		/// If `rhs` contains a value, the stored value is direct-initialized with
+		/// it. Otherwise, the constructed optional is empty.
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional(optional&& rhs) = default;
+
+		/// Constructs the stored value in-place using the given arguments.
+		/// \group in_place
+		/// \synopsis template <class... Args> constexpr explicit optional(in_place_t, Args&&... args);
+		template <class... Args>
+		constexpr explicit optional(detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args...>::value, in_place_t>, Args&&... args)
+		: base(in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		/// \group in_place
+		/// \synopsis template <class U, class... Args> \n constexpr explicit optional(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&... args);
+		template <class U, class... Args>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR explicit optional(detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>::value, in_place_t>,
+		     std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) {
+			this->construct(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+#if 0 // SOL_MODIFICATION
+      /// Constructs the stored value with `u`.
+      /// \synopsis template <class U=T> constexpr optional(U &&u);
+		template <class U = T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value>* = nullptr, detail::enable_forward_value<T, U>* = nullptr>
+		constexpr optional(U&& u) : base(in_place, std::forward<U>(u)) {
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class U = T, detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value>* = nullptr, detail::enable_forward_value<T, U>* = nullptr>
+		constexpr explicit optional(U&& u) : base(in_place, std::forward<U>(u)) {
+		}
+#else
+		/// Constructs the stored value with `u`.
+		/// \synopsis template <class U=T> constexpr optional(U &&u);
+		constexpr optional(T&& u) : base(in_place, std::move(u)) {
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		constexpr optional(const T& u) : base(in_place, u) {
+		}
+#endif // sol2 modification
+
+		/// Converting copy constructor.
+		/// \synopsis template <class U> optional(const optional<U> &rhs);
+		template <class U, detail::enable_from_other<T, U, const U&>* = nullptr, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<const U&, T>::value>* = nullptr>
+		optional(const optional<U>& rhs) {
+			if (rhs.has_value()) {
+				this->construct(*rhs);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class U, detail::enable_from_other<T, U, const U&>* = nullptr, detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<const U&, T>::value>* = nullptr>
+		explicit optional(const optional<U>& rhs) {
+			if (rhs.has_value()) {
+				this->construct(*rhs);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// Converting move constructor.
+		/// \synopsis template <class U> optional(optional<U> &&rhs);
+		template <class U, detail::enable_from_other<T, U, U&&>* = nullptr, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value>* = nullptr>
+		optional(optional<U>&& rhs) {
+			if (rhs.has_value()) {
+				this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class U, detail::enable_from_other<T, U, U&&>* = nullptr, detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value>* = nullptr>
+		explicit optional(optional<U>&& rhs) {
+			this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
+		}
+
+		/// Destroys the stored value if there is one.
+		~optional() = default;
+
+		/// Assignment to empty.
+		///
+		/// Destroys the current value if there is one.
+		optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept {
+			if (has_value()) {
+				this->m_value.~T();
+				this->m_has_value = false;
+			}
+
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		/// Copy assignment.
+		///
+		/// Copies the value from `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise resets the stored
+		/// value in `*this`.
+		optional& operator=(const optional& rhs) = default;
+
+		/// Move assignment.
+		///
+		/// Moves the value from `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise resets the stored
+		/// value in `*this`.
+		optional& operator=(optional&& rhs) = default;
+
+		/// Assigns the stored value from `u`, destroying the old value if there was
+		/// one.
+		/// \synopsis optional &operator=(U &&u);
+		template <class U = T, detail::enable_assign_forward<T, U>* = nullptr>
+		optional& operator=(U&& u) {
+			if (has_value()) {
+				this->m_value = std::forward<U>(u);
+			}
+			else {
+				this->construct(std::forward<U>(u));
+			}
+
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		/// Converting copy assignment operator.
+		///
+		/// Copies the value from `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise resets the stored
+		/// value in `*this`.
+		/// \synopsis optional &operator=(const optional<U> & rhs);
+		template <class U, detail::enable_assign_from_other<T, U, const U&>* = nullptr>
+		optional& operator=(const optional<U>& rhs) {
+			if (has_value()) {
+				if (rhs.has_value()) {
+					this->m_value = *rhs;
+				}
+				else {
+					this->hard_reset();
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (rhs.has_value()) {
+				this->construct(*rhs);
+			}
+
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		// TODO check exception guarantee
+		/// Converting move assignment operator.
+		///
+		/// Moves the value from `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise resets the stored
+		/// value in `*this`.
+		/// \synopsis optional &operator=(optional<U> && rhs);
+		template <class U, detail::enable_assign_from_other<T, U, U>* = nullptr>
+		optional& operator=(optional<U>&& rhs) {
+			if (has_value()) {
+				if (rhs.has_value()) {
+					this->m_value = std::move(*rhs);
+				}
+				else {
+					this->hard_reset();
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (rhs.has_value()) {
+				this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
+			}
+
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		/// Constructs the value in-place, destroying the current one if there is
+		/// one.
+		/// \group emplace
+		template <class... Args>
+		T& emplace(Args&&... args) {
+			static_assert(std::is_constructible<T, Args&&...>::value, "T must be constructible with Args");
+
+			*this = nullopt;
+			this->construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return value();
+		}
+
+		/// \group emplace
+		/// \synopsis template <class U, class... Args> \n T& emplace(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args &&... args);
+		template <class U, class... Args>
+		detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>::value, T&> emplace(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) {
+			*this = nullopt;
+			this->construct(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return value();
+		}
+
+		/// Swaps this optional with the other.
+		///
+		/// If neither optionals have a value, nothing happens.
+		/// If both have a value, the values are swapped.
+		/// If one has a value, it is moved to the other and the movee is left
+		/// valueless.
+		void swap(optional& rhs) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value&& detail::is_nothrow_swappable<T>::value) {
+			if (has_value()) {
+				if (rhs.has_value()) {
+					using std::swap;
+					swap(**this, *rhs);
+				}
+				else {
+					new (std::addressof(rhs.m_value)) T(std::move(this->m_value));
+					this->m_value.T::~T();
+				}
+			}
+			else if (rhs.has_value()) {
+				new (std::addressof(this->m_value)) T(std::move(rhs.m_value));
+				rhs.m_value.T::~T();
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// \returns a pointer to the stored value
+		/// \requires a value is stored
+		/// \group pointer
+		/// \synopsis constexpr const T *operator->() const;
+		constexpr const T* operator->() const {
+			return std::addressof(this->m_value);
+		}
+
+		/// \group pointer
+		/// \synopsis constexpr T *operator->();
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T* operator->() {
+			return std::addressof(this->m_value);
+		}
+
+		/// \returns the stored value
+		/// \requires a value is stored
+		/// \group deref
+		/// \synopsis constexpr T &operator*();
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& operator*() & {
+			return this->m_value;
+		}
+
+		/// \group deref
+		/// \synopsis constexpr const T &operator*() const;
+		constexpr const T& operator*() const& {
+			return this->m_value;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T&& operator*() && {
+			return std::move(this->m_value);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \exclude
+		constexpr const T&& operator*() const&& {
+			return std::move(this->m_value);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \returns whether or not the optional has a value
+		/// \group has_value
+		constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept {
+			return this->m_has_value;
+		}
+
+		/// \group has_value
+		constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+			return this->m_has_value;
+		}
+
+		/// \returns the contained value if there is one, otherwise throws
+		/// [bad_optional_access]
+		/// \group value
+		/// \synopsis constexpr T &value();
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& value() & {
+			if (has_value())
+				return this->m_value;
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+			std::abort();
+#else
+			throw bad_optional_access();
+#endif // No exceptions allowed
+		}
+		/// \group value
+		/// \synopsis constexpr const T &value() const;
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR const T& value() const& {
+			if (has_value())
+				return this->m_value;
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+			std::abort();
+#else
+			throw bad_optional_access();
+#endif // No exceptions allowed
+		}
+		/// \exclude
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T&& value() && {
+			if (has_value())
+				return std::move(this->m_value);
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+			std::abort();
+#else
+			throw bad_optional_access();
+#endif // No exceptions allowed
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \exclude
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR const T&& value() const&& {
+			if (has_value())
+				return std::move(this->m_value);
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+			std::abort();
+#else
+			throw bad_optional_access();
+#endif // No exceptions allowed
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \returns the stored value if there is one, otherwise returns `u`
+		/// \group value_or
+		template <class U>
+		constexpr T value_or(U&& u) const& {
+			static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value && std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value, "T must be copy constructible and convertible from U");
+			return has_value() ? **this : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(u));
+		}
+
+		/// \group value_or
+		template <class U>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T value_or(U&& u) && {
+			static_assert(std::is_move_constructible<T>::value && std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value, "T must be move constructible and convertible from U");
+			return has_value() ? **this : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(u));
+		}
+
+		/// Destroys the stored value if one exists, making the optional empty
+		void reset() noexcept {
+			if (has_value()) {
+				this->m_value.~T();
+				this->m_has_value = false;
+			}
+		}
+	}; // namespace sol
+
+	/// \group relop
+	/// \brief Compares two optional objects
+	/// \details If both optionals contain a value, they are compared with `T`s
+	/// relational operators. Otherwise `lhs` and `rhs` are equal only if they are
+	/// both empty, and `lhs` is less than `rhs` only if `rhs` is empty and `lhs`
+	/// is not.
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() == rhs.has_value() && (!lhs.has_value() || *lhs == *rhs);
+	}
+	/// \group relop
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value() || (lhs.has_value() && *lhs != *rhs);
+	}
+	/// \group relop
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs) {
+		return rhs.has_value() && (!lhs.has_value() || *lhs < *rhs);
+	}
+	/// \group relop
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() && (!rhs.has_value() || *lhs > *rhs);
+	}
+	/// \group relop
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs) {
+		return !lhs.has_value() || (rhs.has_value() && *lhs <= *rhs);
+	}
+	/// \group relop
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>& lhs, const optional<U>& rhs) {
+		return !rhs.has_value() || (lhs.has_value() && *lhs >= *rhs);
+	}
+
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	/// \brief Compares an optional to a `nullopt`
+	/// \details Equivalent to comparing the optional to an empty optional
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+		return !lhs.has_value();
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator==(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& rhs) noexcept {
+		return !rhs.has_value();
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+		return lhs.has_value();
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator!=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& rhs) noexcept {
+		return rhs.has_value();
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+		return false;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& rhs) noexcept {
+		return rhs.has_value();
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+		return !lhs.has_value();
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept {
+		return true;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+		return lhs.has_value();
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>(nullopt_t, const optional<T>&) noexcept {
+		return false;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>&, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+		return true;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_nullopt
+	template <class T>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>=(nullopt_t, const optional<T>& rhs) noexcept {
+		return !rhs.has_value();
+	}
+
+	/// \group relop_t
+	/// \brief Compares the optional with a value.
+	/// \details If the optional has a value, it is compared with the other value
+	/// using `T`s relational operators. Otherwise, the optional is considered
+	/// less than the value.
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator==(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs == rhs : false;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator==(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs) {
+		return rhs.has_value() ? lhs == *rhs : false;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator!=(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs != rhs : true;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator!=(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs) {
+		return rhs.has_value() ? lhs != *rhs : true;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs < rhs : true;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs) {
+		return rhs.has_value() ? lhs < *rhs : false;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<=(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs <= rhs : true;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator<=(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs) {
+		return rhs.has_value() ? lhs <= *rhs : false;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs > rhs : false;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs) {
+		return rhs.has_value() ? lhs > *rhs : true;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>=(const optional<T>& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+		return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs >= rhs : false;
+	}
+	/// \group relop_t
+	template <class T, class U>
+	inline constexpr bool operator>=(const U& lhs, const optional<T>& rhs) {
+		return rhs.has_value() ? lhs >= *rhs : true;
+	}
+
+	/// \synopsis template <class T>  \n  void swap(optional<T> &lhs, optional<T> &rhs);
+	template <class T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_move_constructible<T>::value>* = nullptr, detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_swappable<T>::value>* = nullptr>
+	void swap(optional<T>& lhs, optional<T>& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.swap(rhs))) {
+		return lhs.swap(rhs);
+	}
+
+	namespace detail {
+		struct i_am_secret { };
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <class T = detail::i_am_secret, class U, class Ret = detail::conditional_t<std::is_same<T, detail::i_am_secret>::value, detail::decay_t<U>, T>>
+	inline constexpr optional<Ret> make_optional(U&& v) {
+		return optional<Ret>(std::forward<U>(v));
+	}
+
+	template <class T, class... Args>
+	inline constexpr optional<T> make_optional(Args&&... args) {
+		return optional<T>(in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+	template <class T, class U, class... Args>
+	inline constexpr optional<T> make_optional(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) {
+		return optional<T>(in_place, il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+	template <class T>
+	optional(T) -> optional<T>;
+#endif
+
+	/// \exclude
+	namespace detail {
+#ifdef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14
+		template <class Opt, class F, class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), *std::declval<Opt>())),
+		     detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value>* = nullptr>
+		constexpr auto optional_map_impl(Opt&& opt, F&& f) {
+			return opt.has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Opt>(opt)) : optional<Ret>(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		template <class Opt, class F, class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), *std::declval<Opt>())),
+		     detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value>* = nullptr>
+		auto optional_map_impl(Opt&& opt, F&& f) {
+			if (opt.has_value()) {
+				detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Opt>(opt));
+				return make_optional(monostate {});
+			}
+
+			return optional<monostate>(nullopt);
+		}
+#else
+		template <class Opt, class F, class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), *std::declval<Opt>())),
+		     detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value>* = nullptr>
+
+		constexpr auto optional_map_impl(Opt&& opt, F&& f) -> optional<Ret> {
+			return opt.has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Opt>(opt)) : optional<Ret>(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		template <class Opt, class F, class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), *std::declval<Opt>())),
+		     detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value>* = nullptr>
+
+		auto optional_map_impl(Opt&& opt, F&& f) -> optional<monostate> {
+			if (opt.has_value()) {
+				detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Opt>(opt));
+				return monostate {};
+			}
+
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+#endif
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	/// Specialization for when `T` is a reference. `optional<T&>` acts similarly
+	/// to a `T*`, but provides more operations and shows intent more clearly.
+	///
+	/// *Examples*:
+	///
+	/// ```
+	/// int i = 42;
+	/// sol::optional<int&> o = i;
+	/// *o == 42; //true
+	/// i = 12;
+	/// *o = 12; //true
+	/// &*o == &i; //true
+	/// ```
+	///
+	/// Assignment has rebind semantics rather than assign-through semantics:
+	///
+	/// ```
+	/// int j = 8;
+	/// o = j;
+	///
+	/// &*o == &j; //true
+	/// ```
+	template <class T>
+	class optional<T&> {
+	public:
+#if defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// Carries out some operation which returns an optional on the stored
+		/// object if there is one. \requires `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())` returns a `std::optional<U>` for some `U`. \returns Let `U` be
+		/// the result of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())`. Returns a
+		/// `std::optional<U>`. The return value is empty if `*this` is empty,
+		/// otherwise the return value of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())`
+		/// is returned.
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) &;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F&& f) & {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F&& f) && {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const &;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr auto and_then(F&& f) const& {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const &&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr auto and_then(F&& f) const&& {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+#endif
+#else
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// Carries out some operation which returns an optional on the stored
+		/// object if there is one. \requires `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())` returns a `std::optional<U>` for some `U`. \returns Let `U` be
+		/// the result of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())`. Returns a
+		/// `std::optional<U>`. The return value is empty if `*this` is empty,
+		/// otherwise the return value of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())`
+		/// is returned.
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) &;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&> and_then(F&& f) & {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&> and_then(F&& f) && {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const &;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&> and_then(F&& f) const& {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group and_then
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> \n constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const &&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&> and_then(F&& f) const&& {
+			using result = detail::invoke_result_t<F, const T&>;
+			static_assert(detail::is_optional<result>::value, "F must return an optional");
+
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : result(nullopt);
+		}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_CXX14) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC49) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC54) && !defined(SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_GCC55)
+		/// \brief Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+		/// \returns Let `U` be the result of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())`. Returns a `std::optional<U>`. The return value is empty if
+		/// `*this` is empty, otherwise an `optional<U>` is constructed from the
+		/// return value of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())` and is
+		/// returned.
+		///
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> constexpr auto map(F &&f) &;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F&& f) & {
+			return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> constexpr auto map(F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F&& f) && {
+			return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> constexpr auto map(F &&f) const&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr auto map(F&& f) const& {
+			return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> constexpr auto map(F &&f) const&&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr auto map(F&& f) const&& {
+			return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+#else
+		/// \brief Carries out some operation on the stored object if there is one.
+		/// \returns Let `U` be the result of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
+		/// value())`. Returns a `std::optional<U>`. The return value is empty if
+		/// `*this` is empty, otherwise an `optional<U>` is constructed from the
+		/// return value of `std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), value())` and is
+		/// returned.
+		///
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> auto map(F &&f) &;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(std::declval<optional&>(), std::declval<F&&>())) map(F&& f) & {
+			return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> auto map(F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F>
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(std::declval<optional&&>(), std::declval<F&&>())) map(F&& f) && {
+			return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> auto map(F &&f) const&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&>(), std::declval<F&&>())) map(F&& f) const& {
+			return detail::optional_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group map
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> auto map(F &&f) const&&;
+		template <class F>
+		constexpr decltype(detail::optional_map_impl(std::declval<const optional&&>(), std::declval<F&&>())) map(F&& f) const&& {
+			return detail::optional_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+		/// \brief Calls `f` if the optional is empty
+		/// \requires `std::invoke_result_t<F>` must be void or convertible to
+		/// `optional<T>`. \effects If `*this` has a value, returns `*this`.
+		/// Otherwise, if `f` returns `void`, calls `std::forward<F>(f)` and returns
+		/// `std::nullopt`. Otherwise, returns `std::forward<F>(f)()`.
+		///
+		/// \group or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> optional<T> or_else (F &&f) &;
+		template <class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) & {
+			if (has_value())
+				return *this;
+
+			std::forward<F>(f)();
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) & {
+			return has_value() ? *this : std::forward<F>(f)();
+		}
+
+		/// \group or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> optional<T> or_else (F &&f) &&;
+		template <class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> or_else(F&& f) && {
+			if (has_value())
+				return std::move(*this);
+
+			std::forward<F>(f)();
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) && {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::forward<F>(f)();
+		}
+
+		/// \group or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F> optional<T> or_else (F &&f) const &;
+		template <class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const& {
+			if (has_value())
+				return *this;
+
+			std::forward<F>(f)();
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F&& f) const& {
+			return has_value() ? *this : std::forward<F>(f)();
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::enable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&& {
+			if (has_value())
+				return std::move(*this);
+
+			std::forward<F>(f)();
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class F, detail::disable_if_ret_void<F>* = nullptr>
+		optional<T> or_else(F&& f) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::forward<F>(f)();
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \brief Maps the stored value with `f` if there is one, otherwise returns
+		/// `u`.
+		///
+		/// \details If there is a value stored, then `f` is called with `**this`
+		/// and the value is returned. Otherwise `u` is returned.
+		///
+		/// \group map_or
+		template <class F, class U>
+		U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) & {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : std::forward<U>(u);
+		}
+
+		/// \group map_or
+		template <class F, class U>
+		U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) && {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : std::forward<U>(u);
+		}
+
+		/// \group map_or
+		template <class F, class U>
+		U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) const& {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : std::forward<U>(u);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group map_or
+		template <class F, class U>
+		U map_or(F&& f, U&& u) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : std::forward<U>(u);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \brief Maps the stored value with `f` if there is one, otherwise calls
+		/// `u` and returns the result.
+		///
+		/// \details If there is a value stored, then `f` is
+		/// called with `**this` and the value is returned. Otherwise
+		/// `std::forward<U>(u)()` is returned.
+		///
+		/// \group map_or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F, class U> \n auto map_or_else(F &&f, U &&u) &;
+		template <class F, class U>
+		detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) & {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : std::forward<U>(u)();
+		}
+
+		/// \group map_or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F, class U> \n auto map_or_else(F &&f, U &&u)
+		/// &&;
+		template <class F, class U>
+		detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) && {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : std::forward<U>(u)();
+		}
+
+		/// \group map_or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F, class U> \n auto map_or_else(F &&f, U &&u)
+		/// const &;
+		template <class F, class U>
+		detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) const& {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), **this) : std::forward<U>(u)();
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group map_or_else
+		/// \synopsis template <class F, class U> \n auto map_or_else(F &&f, U &&u)
+		/// const &&;
+		template <class F, class U>
+		detail::invoke_result_t<U> map_or_else(F&& f, U&& u) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::move(**this)) : std::forward<U>(u)();
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \returns `u` if `*this` has a value, otherwise an empty optional.
+		template <class U>
+		constexpr optional<typename std::decay<U>::type> conjunction(U&& u) const {
+			using result = optional<detail::decay_t<U>>;
+			return has_value() ? result { u } : result { nullopt };
+		}
+
+		/// \returns `rhs` if `*this` is empty, otherwise the current value.
+		/// \group disjunction
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) & {
+			return has_value() ? *this : rhs;
+		}
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		constexpr optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) const& {
+			return has_value() ? *this : rhs;
+		}
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) && {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : rhs;
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group disjunction
+		constexpr optional disjunction(const optional& rhs) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : rhs;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) & {
+			return has_value() ? *this : std::move(rhs);
+		}
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		constexpr optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) const& {
+			return has_value() ? *this : std::move(rhs);
+		}
+
+		/// \group disjunction
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) && {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::move(rhs);
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group disjunction
+		constexpr optional disjunction(optional&& rhs) const&& {
+			return has_value() ? std::move(*this) : std::move(rhs);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		/// Takes the value out of the optional, leaving it empty
+		/// \group take
+		optional take() & {
+			optional ret = *this;
+			reset();
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		/// \group take
+		optional take() const& {
+			optional ret = *this;
+			reset();
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		/// \group take
+		optional take() && {
+			optional ret = std::move(*this);
+			reset();
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+#ifndef SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_NO_CONSTRR
+		/// \group take
+		optional take() const&& {
+			optional ret = std::move(*this);
+			reset();
+			return ret;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		using value_type = T&;
+
+		/// Constructs an optional that does not contain a value.
+		/// \group ctor_empty
+		constexpr optional() noexcept : m_value(nullptr) {
+		}
+
+		/// \group ctor_empty
+		constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept : m_value(nullptr) {
+		}
+
+		/// Copy constructor
+		///
+		/// If `rhs` contains a value, the stored value is direct-initialized with
+		/// it. Otherwise, the constructed optional is empty.
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional(const optional& rhs) noexcept = default;
+
+		/// Move constructor
+		///
+		/// If `rhs` contains a value, the stored value is direct-initialized with
+		/// it. Otherwise, the constructed optional is empty.
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR optional(optional&& rhs) = default;
+
+		/// Constructs the stored value with `u`.
+		/// \synopsis template <class U=T> constexpr optional(U &&u);
+		template <class U = T, detail::enable_if_t<!detail::is_optional<detail::decay_t<U>>::value>* = nullptr>
+		constexpr optional(U&& u) : m_value(std::addressof(u)) {
+			static_assert(std::is_lvalue_reference<U>::value, "U must be an lvalue");
+		}
+
+		/// \exclude
+		template <class U>
+		constexpr explicit optional(const optional<U>& rhs) : optional(*rhs) {
+		}
+
+		/// No-op
+		~optional() = default;
+
+		/// Assignment to empty.
+		///
+		/// Destroys the current value if there is one.
+		optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept {
+			m_value = nullptr;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		/// Copy assignment.
+		///
+		/// Rebinds this optional to the referee of `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise
+		/// resets the stored value in `*this`.
+		optional& operator=(const optional& rhs) = default;
+
+		/// Rebinds this optional to `u`.
+		///
+		/// \requires `U` must be an lvalue reference.
+		/// \synopsis optional &operator=(U &&u);
+		template <class U = T, detail::enable_if_t<!detail::is_optional<detail::decay_t<U>>::value>* = nullptr>
+		optional& operator=(U&& u) {
+			static_assert(std::is_lvalue_reference<U>::value, "U must be an lvalue");
+			m_value = std::addressof(u);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		/// Converting copy assignment operator.
+		///
+		/// Rebinds this optional to the referee of `rhs` if there is one. Otherwise
+		/// resets the stored value in `*this`.
+		template <class U>
+		optional& operator=(const optional<U>& rhs) {
+			m_value = std::addressof(rhs.value());
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		/// Constructs the value in-place, destroying the current one if there is
+		/// one.
+		///
+		/// \group emplace
+		template <class... Args>
+		T& emplace(Args&&... args) noexcept {
+			static_assert(std::is_constructible<T, Args&&...>::value, "T must be constructible with Args");
+
+			*this = nullopt;
+			this->construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		/// Swaps this optional with the other.
+		///
+		/// If neither optionals have a value, nothing happens.
+		/// If both have a value, the values are swapped.
+		/// If one has a value, it is moved to the other and the movee is left
+		/// valueless.
+		void swap(optional& rhs) noexcept {
+			std::swap(m_value, rhs.m_value);
+		}
+
+		/// \returns a pointer to the stored value
+		/// \requires a value is stored
+		/// \group pointer
+		/// \synopsis constexpr const T *operator->() const;
+		constexpr const T* operator->() const {
+			return m_value;
+		}
+
+		/// \group pointer
+		/// \synopsis constexpr T *operator->();
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T* operator->() {
+			return m_value;
+		}
+
+		/// \returns the stored value
+		/// \requires a value is stored
+		/// \group deref
+		/// \synopsis constexpr T &operator*();
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& operator*() {
+			return *m_value;
+		}
+
+		/// \group deref
+		/// \synopsis constexpr const T &operator*() const;
+		constexpr const T& operator*() const {
+			return *m_value;
+		}
+
+		/// \returns whether or not the optional has a value
+		/// \group has_value
+		constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept {
+			return m_value != nullptr;
+		}
+
+		/// \group has_value
+		constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+			return m_value != nullptr;
+		}
+
+		/// \returns the contained value if there is one, otherwise throws
+		/// [bad_optional_access]
+		/// \group value
+		/// synopsis constexpr T &value();
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR T& value() {
+			if (has_value())
+				return *m_value;
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+			std::abort();
+#else
+			throw bad_optional_access();
+#endif // No exceptions allowed
+		}
+		/// \group value
+		/// \synopsis constexpr const T &value() const;
+		SOL_TL_OPTIONAL_11_CONSTEXPR const T& value() const {
+			if (has_value())
+				return *m_value;
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+			std::abort();
+#else
+			throw bad_optional_access();
+#endif // No exceptions allowed
+		}
+
+		/// \returns the stored value if there is one, otherwise returns `u`
+		/// \group value_or
+		template <class U>
+		constexpr T& value_or(U&& u) const {
+			static_assert(std::is_convertible<U&&, T&>::value, "T must be convertible from U");
+			return has_value() ? const_cast<T&>(**this) : static_cast<T&>(std::forward<U>(u));
+		}
+
+		/// Destroys the stored value if one exists, making the optional empty
+		void reset() noexcept {
+			m_value = nullptr;
+		}
+
+	private:
+		T* m_value;
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+namespace std {
+	// TODO SFINAE
+	template <class T>
+	struct hash<::sol::optional<T>> {
+		::std::size_t operator()(const ::sol::optional<T>& o) const {
+			if (!o.has_value())
+				return 0;
+
+			return ::std::hash<::sol::detail::remove_const_t<T>>()(*o);
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace std
+
+// end of sol/optional_implementation.hpp
+
+#endif // Boost vs. Better optional
+
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+	template <typename T>
+	using optional = boost::optional<T>;
+	using nullopt_t = boost::none_t;
+	SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ nullopt_t nullopt = boost::none;
+#endif // Boost vs. Better optional
+
+	namespace meta {
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_optional = any<is_specialization_of<T, optional>, is_specialization_of<T, std::optional>>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		constexpr inline bool is_optional_v = is_optional<T>::value;
+	} // namespace meta
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		struct associated_nullopt {
+			inline static constexpr std::nullopt_t value = std::nullopt;
+		};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+		template <typename T>
+		struct associated_nullopt<boost::optional<T>> {
+			inline static SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ boost::none_t value = boost::none;
+		};
+#endif // Boost nullopt
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+		template <typename T>
+		inline SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_ auto associated_nullopt_v = associated_nullopt<T>::value;
+#else
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr auto associated_nullopt_v = associated_nullopt<T>::value;
+#endif // Boost continues to lag behind, to not many people's surprise...
+	} // namespace detail
+} // namespace sol
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_BOOST)
+#undef SOL_BOOST_NONE_CONSTEXPR_I_
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/optional.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/raii.hpp
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		struct default_construct {
+			template <typename T, typename... Args>
+			static void construct(T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
+				typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> Tu;
+				std::allocator<Tu> alloc {};
+				std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<Tu>>::construct(alloc, std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+			template <typename T, typename... Args>
+			void operator()(T&& obj, Args&&... args) const {
+				construct(std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+
+		struct default_destroy {
+			template <typename T>
+			static void destroy(T&& obj) {
+				std::allocator<meta::unqualified_t<T>> alloc {};
+				alloc.destroy(obj);
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			void operator()(T&& obj) const {
+				destroy(std::forward<T>(obj));
+			}
+		};
+
+		struct deleter {
+			template <typename T>
+			void operator()(T* p) const {
+				delete p;
+			}
+		};
+
+		struct state_deleter {
+			void operator()(lua_State* L) const {
+				lua_close(L);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename Dx, typename... Args>
+		inline std::unique_ptr<T, Dx> make_unique_deleter(Args&&... args) {
+			return std::unique_ptr<T, Dx>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Tag, typename T>
+		struct tagged {
+		private:
+			T value_;
+
+		public:
+			template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, tagged>> = meta::enabler>
+			tagged(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : value_(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+			}
+
+			T& value() & {
+				return value_;
+			}
+
+			T const& value() const& {
+				return value_;
+			}
+
+			T&& value() && {
+				return std::move(value_);
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct constructor_list { };
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	using constructors = constructor_list<Args...>;
+
+	const auto default_constructor = constructors<types<>> {};
+
+	struct no_construction { };
+	const auto no_constructor = no_construction {};
+
+	struct call_construction { };
+	const auto call_constructor = call_construction {};
+
+	template <typename... Functions>
+	struct constructor_wrapper {
+		std::tuple<Functions...> functions;
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, constructor_wrapper>> = meta::enabler>
+		constructor_wrapper(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : functions(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Functions>
+	inline auto initializers(Functions&&... functions) {
+		return constructor_wrapper<std::decay_t<Functions>...>(std::forward<Functions>(functions)...);
+	}
+
+	template <typename... Functions>
+	struct factory_wrapper {
+		std::tuple<Functions...> functions;
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, factory_wrapper>> = meta::enabler>
+		factory_wrapper(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : functions(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Functions>
+	inline auto factories(Functions&&... functions) {
+		return factory_wrapper<std::decay_t<Functions>...>(std::forward<Functions>(functions)...);
+	}
+
+	template <typename Function>
+	struct destructor_wrapper {
+		Function fx;
+		destructor_wrapper(Function f) : fx(std::move(f)) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct destructor_wrapper<void> { };
+
+	const destructor_wrapper<void> default_destructor {};
+
+	template <typename Fx>
+	inline auto destructor(Fx&& fx) {
+		return destructor_wrapper<std::decay_t<Fx>>(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+	}
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/raii.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/policies.hpp
+
+#include <array>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		struct policy_base_tag { };
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <int Target, int... In>
+	struct static_stack_dependencies : detail::policy_base_tag { };
+	typedef static_stack_dependencies<-1, 1> self_dependency;
+	template <int... In>
+	struct returns_self_with : detail::policy_base_tag { };
+	typedef returns_self_with<> returns_self;
+
+	struct stack_dependencies : detail::policy_base_tag {
+		int target;
+		std::array<int, 64> stack_indices;
+		std::size_t len;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		stack_dependencies(int stack_target, Args&&... args) : target(stack_target), stack_indices(), len(sizeof...(Args)) {
+			std::size_t i = 0;
+			(void)detail::swallow { int(), (stack_indices[i++] = static_cast<int>(std::forward<Args>(args)), int())... };
+		}
+
+		int& operator[](std::size_t i) {
+			return stack_indices[i];
+		}
+
+		const int& operator[](std::size_t i) const {
+			return stack_indices[i];
+		}
+
+		std::size_t size() const {
+			return len;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename F, typename... Policies>
+	struct policy_wrapper {
+		typedef std::index_sequence_for<Policies...> indices;
+
+		F value;
+		std::tuple<Policies...> policies;
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename... Args, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, policy_wrapper>>> = meta::enabler>
+		policy_wrapper(Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) : value(std::forward<Fx>(fx)), policies(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		policy_wrapper(const policy_wrapper&) = default;
+		policy_wrapper& operator=(const policy_wrapper&) = default;
+		policy_wrapper(policy_wrapper&&) = default;
+		policy_wrapper& operator=(policy_wrapper&&) = default;
+	};
+
+	template <typename F, typename... Args>
+	auto policies(F&& f, Args&&... args) {
+		return policy_wrapper<std::decay_t<F>, std::decay_t<Args>...>(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_policy = meta::is_specialization_of<T, policy_wrapper>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_policy_v = is_policy<T>::value;
+	} // namespace detail
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/policies.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/ebco.hpp
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace sol { namespace detail {
+
+	template <typename T, std::size_t tag = 0, typename = void>
+	struct ebco {
+		T m_value;
+
+		ebco() = default;
+		ebco(const ebco&) = default;
+		ebco(ebco&&) = default;
+		ebco& operator=(const ebco&) = default;
+		ebco& operator=(ebco&&) = default;
+		ebco(const T& v) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<T>) : m_value(v) {};
+		ebco(T&& v) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>) : m_value(std::move(v)) {};
+		ebco& operator=(const T& v) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			m_value = v;
+			return *this;
+		}
+		ebco& operator=(T&& v) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<T>) {
+			m_value = std::move(v);
+			return *this;
+		};
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args,
+			typename = std::enable_if_t<
+			     !std::is_same_v<std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<Arg>>,
+			          ebco> && !std::is_same_v<std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<Arg>>, T> && (sizeof...(Args) > 0 || !std::is_convertible_v<Arg, T>)>>
+		ebco(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, Arg, Args...>)
+		: m_value(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		T& value() & noexcept {
+			return m_value;
+		}
+
+		T const& value() const& noexcept {
+			return m_value;
+		}
+
+		T&& value() && noexcept {
+			return std::move(m_value);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, std::size_t tag>
+	struct ebco<T, tag, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_reference_v<T> && std::is_class_v<T> && !std::is_final_v<T>>> : T {
+		ebco() = default;
+		ebco(const ebco&) = default;
+		ebco(ebco&&) = default;
+		ebco(const T& v) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<T>) : T(v) {};
+		ebco(T&& v) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>) : T(std::move(v)) {};
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args,
+			typename = std::enable_if_t<
+			     !std::is_same_v<std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<Arg>>,
+			          ebco> && !std::is_same_v<std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<Arg>>, T> && (sizeof...(Args) > 0 || !std::is_convertible_v<Arg, T>)>>
+		ebco(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, Arg, Args...>) : T(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		ebco& operator=(const ebco&) = default;
+		ebco& operator=(ebco&&) = default;
+		ebco& operator=(const T& v) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			static_cast<T&>(*this) = v;
+			return *this;
+		}
+		ebco& operator=(T&& v) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<T>) {
+			static_cast<T&>(*this) = std::move(v);
+			return *this;
+		};
+
+		T& value() & noexcept {
+			return static_cast<T&>(*this);
+		}
+
+		T const& value() const& noexcept {
+			return static_cast<T const&>(*this);
+		}
+
+		T&& value() && noexcept {
+			return std::move(static_cast<T&>(*this));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, std::size_t tag>
+	struct ebco<T&, tag> {
+	private:
+		T* m_ref;
+
+	public:
+		ebco() = default;
+		ebco(const ebco&) = default;
+		ebco(ebco&&) = default;
+		ebco(T& v) noexcept : m_ref(std::addressof(v)) {};
+
+		ebco& operator=(const ebco&) = default;
+		ebco& operator=(ebco&&) = default;
+		ebco& operator=(T& v) noexcept {
+			m_ref = std::addressof(v);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		T& value() const noexcept {
+			return *(const_cast<ebco<T&, tag>&>(*this).m_ref);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, std::size_t tag>
+	struct ebco<T&&, tag> {
+		T&& ref;
+
+		ebco() = default;
+		ebco(const ebco&) = delete;
+		ebco(ebco&&) = default;
+		ebco(T&& v) noexcept : ref(v) {};
+
+		ebco& operator=(const ebco&) = delete;
+		ebco& operator=(ebco&&) = delete;
+
+		T& value() & noexcept {
+			return ref;
+		}
+
+		const T& value() const& noexcept {
+			return ref;
+		}
+
+		T&& value() && noexcept {
+			return std::move(ref);
+		}
+	};
+
+}} // namespace sol::detail
+
+// end of sol/ebco.hpp
+
+#include <array>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <memory>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+#include <variant>
+#endif // variant shenanigans (thanks, Mac OSX)
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace d {
+		// shortest possible hidden detail namespace
+		// when types are transcribed, this saves
+		// quite a bit of space, actually.
+		// it's a little unfortunate, but here we are?
+		template <typename T>
+		struct u { };
+	} // namespace d
+
+	namespace detail {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+		typedef int (*lua_CFunction_noexcept)(lua_State* L) noexcept;
+#else
+		typedef int (*lua_CFunction_noexcept)(lua_State* L);
+#endif // noexcept function type for lua_CFunction
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct implicit_wrapper {
+			T& value;
+
+			implicit_wrapper(T* value_) : value(*value_) {
+			}
+
+			implicit_wrapper(T& value_) : value(value_) {
+			}
+
+			operator T&() {
+				return value;
+			}
+
+			operator T*() {
+				return std::addressof(value);
+			}
+		};
+
+		struct yield_tag_t { };
+		inline constexpr yield_tag_t yield_tag {};
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	struct lua_nil_t { };
+	inline constexpr lua_nil_t lua_nil {};
+	inline bool operator==(lua_nil_t, lua_nil_t) {
+		return true;
+	}
+	inline bool operator!=(lua_nil_t, lua_nil_t) {
+		return false;
+	}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_NIL)
+	using nil_t = lua_nil_t;
+	inline constexpr const nil_t& nil = lua_nil;
+#endif
+
+	namespace detail {
+		struct non_lua_nil_t { };
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	struct metatable_key_t { };
+	inline constexpr metatable_key_t metatable_key {};
+
+	struct global_tag_t {
+	} inline constexpr global_tag {};
+
+	struct env_key_t { };
+	inline constexpr env_key_t env_key {};
+
+	struct no_metatable_t { };
+	inline constexpr no_metatable_t no_metatable {};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct yielding_t {
+		T func;
+
+		yielding_t() = default;
+		yielding_t(const yielding_t&) = default;
+		yielding_t(yielding_t&&) = default;
+		yielding_t& operator=(const yielding_t&) = default;
+		yielding_t& operator=(yielding_t&&) = default;
+		template <typename Arg,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, yielding_t>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>>> = meta::enabler>
+		yielding_t(Arg&& arg) : func(std::forward<Arg>(arg)) {
+		}
+		template <typename Arg0, typename Arg1, typename... Args>
+		yielding_t(Arg0&& arg0, Arg1&& arg1, Args&&... args) : func(std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Arg1>(arg1), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename F>
+	inline yielding_t<std::decay_t<F>> yielding(F&& f) {
+		return yielding_t<std::decay_t<F>>(std::forward<F>(f));
+	}
+
+	typedef std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction> lua_CFunction_ref;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct non_null { };
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct function_sig { };
+
+	struct upvalue_index {
+		int index;
+		upvalue_index(int idx) : index(lua_upvalueindex(idx)) {
+		}
+
+		operator int() const {
+			return index;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct raw_index {
+		int index;
+		raw_index(int i) : index(i) {
+		}
+
+		operator int() const {
+			return index;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct absolute_index {
+		int index;
+		absolute_index(lua_State* L, int idx) : index(lua_absindex(L, idx)) {
+		}
+
+		operator int() const {
+			return index;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct ref_index {
+		int index;
+		ref_index(int idx) : index(idx) {
+		}
+
+		operator int() const {
+			return index;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct stack_count {
+		int count;
+
+		stack_count(int cnt) : count(cnt) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct lightuserdata_value {
+		void* value;
+		lightuserdata_value(void* data) : value(data) {
+		}
+		operator void*() const {
+			return value;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct userdata_value {
+	private:
+		void* m_value;
+
+	public:
+		userdata_value(void* data) : m_value(data) {
+		}
+
+		void* value() const {
+			return m_value;
+		}
+
+		operator void*() const {
+			return value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct light {
+	private:
+		static_assert(!std::is_void_v<T>, "the type for light will never be void");
+		T* m_value;
+
+	public:
+		light(T& x) : m_value(std::addressof(x)) {
+		}
+		light(T* x) : m_value(x) {
+		}
+		explicit light(void* x) : m_value(static_cast<T*>(x)) {
+		}
+
+		T* value() const {
+			return m_value;
+		}
+
+		operator T*() const {
+			return m_value;
+		}
+		operator T&() const {
+			return *m_value;
+		}
+
+		void* void_value() const {
+			return m_value;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	auto make_light(T& l) {
+		typedef meta::unwrapped_t<std::remove_pointer_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>> L;
+		return light<L>(l);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct user : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		using base_t::value;
+
+		operator std::add_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>() {
+			return std::addressof(this->base_t::value());
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_pointer_t<std::add_const_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>() const {
+			return std::addressof(this->base_t::value());
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>() {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_const_t<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>>&() const {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	auto make_user(T&& u) {
+		typedef meta::unwrapped_t<meta::unqualified_t<T>> U;
+		return user<U>(std::forward<T>(u));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct metatable_registry_key : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		using base_t::value;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	auto meta_registry_key(T&& key) {
+		typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> K;
+		return metatable_registry_key<K>(std::forward<T>(key));
+	}
+
+	template <typename... Upvalues>
+	struct closure {
+		lua_CFunction c_function;
+		std::tuple<Upvalues...> upvalues;
+		closure(lua_CFunction f, Upvalues... targetupvalues) : c_function(f), upvalues(std::forward<Upvalues>(targetupvalues)...) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct closure<> {
+		lua_CFunction c_function;
+		int upvalues;
+		closure(lua_CFunction f, int upvalue_count = 0) : c_function(f), upvalues(upvalue_count) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	typedef closure<> c_closure;
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	closure<Args...> make_closure(lua_CFunction f, Args&&... args) {
+		return closure<Args...>(f, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+
+	template <typename Sig, typename... Ps>
+	struct function_arguments {
+		std::tuple<Ps...> arguments;
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, function_arguments>> = meta::enabler>
+		function_arguments(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : arguments(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Sig = function_sig<>, typename... Args>
+	auto as_function(Args&&... args) {
+		return function_arguments<Sig, std::decay_t<Args>...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+
+	template <typename Sig = function_sig<>, typename... Args>
+	auto as_function_reference(Args&&... args) {
+		return function_arguments<Sig, Args...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_table_t : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		as_table_t() = default;
+		as_table_t(const as_table_t&) = default;
+		as_table_t(as_table_t&&) = default;
+		as_table_t& operator=(const as_table_t&) = default;
+		as_table_t& operator=(as_table_t&&) = default;
+		as_table_t(const meta::unqualified_t<T>& obj) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<base_t, const meta::unqualified_t<T>&>) : base_t(obj) {
+		}
+		as_table_t(meta::unqualified_t<T>&& obj) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<base_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>&&>) : base_t(std::move(obj)) {
+		}
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args,
+		     std::enable_if_t<
+		          !std::is_same_v<as_table_t, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>> && !std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>>* = nullptr>
+		as_table_t(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<base_t, Arg, Args...>)
+		: base_t(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		using base_t::value;
+
+		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>() {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_const_t<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>>() const {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct nested : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using nested_type = T;
+
+		nested() = default;
+		nested(const nested&) = default;
+		nested(nested&&) = default;
+		nested& operator=(const nested&) = default;
+		nested& operator=(nested&&) = default;
+		nested(const meta::unqualified_t<T>& obj) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<base_t, const meta::unqualified_t<T>&>) : base_t(obj) {
+		}
+		nested(meta::unqualified_t<T>&& obj) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<base_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>&&>) : base_t(std::move(obj)) {
+		}
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args,
+		     std::enable_if_t<
+		          !std::is_same_v<nested, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>> && !std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>>* = nullptr>
+		nested(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<base_t, Arg, Args...>)
+		: base_t(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		using base_t::value;
+
+		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>() {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_const_t<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>>() const {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct nested_tag_t { };
+	constexpr inline nested_tag_t nested_tag {};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	as_table_t<T> as_table_ref(T&& container) {
+		return as_table_t<T>(std::forward<T>(container));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	as_table_t<meta::unqualified_t<T>> as_table(T&& container) {
+		return as_table_t<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(std::forward<T>(container));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	nested<T> as_nested_ref(T&& container) {
+		return nested<T>(std::forward<T>(container));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	nested<meta::unqualified_t<T>> as_nested(T&& container) {
+		return nested<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(std::forward<T>(container));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_container_t : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using type = T;
+
+		as_container_t() = default;
+		as_container_t(const as_container_t&) = default;
+		as_container_t(as_container_t&&) = default;
+		as_container_t& operator=(const as_container_t&) = default;
+		as_container_t& operator=(as_container_t&&) = default;
+
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		using base_t::value;
+
+		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>() {
+			return value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	auto as_container(T&& value) {
+		return as_container_t<T>(std::forward<T>(value));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T, std::size_t Limit = 15>
+	struct exhaustive_until : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		using base_t::value;
+
+		operator std::add_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>() {
+			return std::addressof(this->base_t::value());
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_pointer_t<std::add_const_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>() const {
+			return std::addressof(this->base_t::value());
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>() {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_const_t<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>>&() const {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using exhaustive = exhaustive_until<T, (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)()>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct non_exhaustive : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		using base_t::value;
+
+		operator std::add_pointer_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>() {
+			return std::addressof(this->base_t::value());
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_pointer_t<std::add_const_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>() const {
+			return std::addressof(this->base_t::value());
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>() {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+
+		operator std::add_const_t<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>>&() const {
+			return this->base_t::value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct push_invoke_t : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		push_invoke_t() = default;
+		push_invoke_t(const push_invoke_t&) = default;
+		push_invoke_t(push_invoke_t&&) = default;
+		push_invoke_t& operator=(const push_invoke_t&) = default;
+		push_invoke_t& operator=(push_invoke_t&&) = default;
+
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		using base_t::value;
+	};
+
+	template <typename Fx>
+	auto push_invoke(Fx&& fx) {
+		return push_invoke_t<Fx>(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct forward_as_value_t : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		forward_as_value_t() = default;
+		forward_as_value_t(const forward_as_value_t&) = default;
+		forward_as_value_t(forward_as_value_t&&) = default;
+		forward_as_value_t& operator=(const forward_as_value_t&) = default;
+		forward_as_value_t& operator=(forward_as_value_t&&) = default;
+
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		using base_t::value;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	auto pass_as_value(T& value_ref_) {
+		return forward_as_value_t<T>(value_ref_);
+	}
+
+	struct override_value_t { };
+	constexpr inline override_value_t override_value = override_value_t();
+	struct update_if_empty_t { };
+	constexpr inline update_if_empty_t update_if_empty = update_if_empty_t();
+	struct create_if_nil_t { };
+	constexpr inline create_if_nil_t create_if_nil = create_if_nil_t();
+
+	namespace detail {
+		enum insert_mode { none = 0x0, update_if_empty = 0x01, override_value = 0x02, create_if_nil = 0x04 };
+
+		template <typename T, typename...>
+		using is_insert_mode = std::integral_constant<bool,
+		     std::is_same_v<T, override_value_t> || std::is_same_v<T, update_if_empty_t> || std::is_same_v<T, create_if_nil_t>>;
+
+		template <typename T, typename...>
+		using is_not_insert_mode = meta::neg<is_insert_mode<T>>;
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	struct this_state {
+		lua_State* L;
+
+		this_state(lua_State* Ls) : L(Ls) {
+		}
+
+		operator lua_State*() const noexcept {
+			return lua_state();
+		}
+
+		lua_State* operator->() const noexcept {
+			return lua_state();
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return L;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct this_main_state {
+		lua_State* L;
+
+		this_main_state(lua_State* Ls) : L(Ls) {
+		}
+
+		operator lua_State*() const noexcept {
+			return lua_state();
+		}
+
+		lua_State* operator->() const noexcept {
+			return lua_state();
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return L;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct new_table {
+		int sequence_hint = 0;
+		int map_hint = 0;
+
+		new_table() = default;
+		new_table(const new_table&) = default;
+		new_table(new_table&&) = default;
+		new_table& operator=(const new_table&) = default;
+		new_table& operator=(new_table&&) = default;
+
+		new_table(int sequence_hint_, int map_hint_ = 0) noexcept : sequence_hint(sequence_hint_), map_hint(map_hint_) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	const new_table create = {};
+
+	enum class lib : unsigned char {
+		// print, assert, and other base functions
+		base,
+		// require and other package functions
+		package,
+		// coroutine functions and utilities
+		coroutine,
+		// string library
+		string,
+		// functionality from the OS
+		os,
+		// all things math
+		math,
+		// the table manipulator and observer functions
+		table,
+		// the debug library
+		debug,
+		// the bit library: different based on which you're using
+		bit32,
+		// input/output library
+		io,
+		// LuaJIT only
+		ffi,
+		// LuaJIT only
+		jit,
+		// library for handling utf8: new to Lua
+		utf8,
+		// do not use
+		count
+	};
+
+	enum class call_syntax { dot = 0, colon = 1 };
+
+	enum class load_mode {
+		any = 0,
+		text = 1,
+		binary = 2,
+	};
+
+	enum class call_status : int {
+		ok = LUA_OK,
+		yielded = LUA_YIELD,
+		runtime = LUA_ERRRUN,
+		memory = LUA_ERRMEM,
+		handler = LUA_ERRERR,
+		gc = LUA_ERRGCMM,
+		syntax = LUA_ERRSYNTAX,
+		file = LUA_ERRFILE,
+	};
+
+	enum class thread_status : int {
+		ok = LUA_OK,
+		yielded = LUA_YIELD,
+		runtime = LUA_ERRRUN,
+		memory = LUA_ERRMEM,
+		gc = LUA_ERRGCMM,
+		handler = LUA_ERRERR,
+		dead = -1,
+	};
+
+	enum class load_status : int {
+		ok = LUA_OK,
+		syntax = LUA_ERRSYNTAX,
+		memory = LUA_ERRMEM,
+		gc = LUA_ERRGCMM,
+		file = LUA_ERRFILE,
+	};
+
+	enum class gc_mode : int {
+		incremental = 0,
+		generational = 1,
+		default_value = incremental,
+	};
+
+	enum class type : int {
+		none = LUA_TNONE,
+		lua_nil = LUA_TNIL,
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_NIL)
+		nil = lua_nil,
+#endif // Objective C/C++ Keyword that's found in OSX SDK and OBJC -- check for all forms to protect
+		string = LUA_TSTRING,
+		number = LUA_TNUMBER,
+		thread = LUA_TTHREAD,
+		boolean = LUA_TBOOLEAN,
+		function = LUA_TFUNCTION,
+		userdata = LUA_TUSERDATA,
+		lightuserdata = LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA,
+		table = LUA_TTABLE,
+		poly = -0xFFFF
+	};
+
+	inline const std::string& to_string(call_status c) {
+		static const std::array<std::string, 10> names { { "ok",
+			"yielded",
+			"runtime",
+			"memory",
+			"handler",
+			"gc",
+			"syntax",
+			"file",
+			"CRITICAL_EXCEPTION_FAILURE",
+			"CRITICAL_INDETERMINATE_STATE_FAILURE" } };
+		switch (c) {
+		case call_status::ok:
+			return names[0];
+		case call_status::yielded:
+			return names[1];
+		case call_status::runtime:
+			return names[2];
+		case call_status::memory:
+			return names[3];
+		case call_status::handler:
+			return names[4];
+		case call_status::gc:
+			return names[5];
+		case call_status::syntax:
+			return names[6];
+		case call_status::file:
+			return names[7];
+		}
+		if (static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(c) == -1) {
+			// One of the many cases where a critical exception error has occurred
+			return names[8];
+		}
+		return names[9];
+	}
+
+	inline bool is_indeterminate_call_failure(call_status c) {
+		switch (c) {
+		case call_status::ok:
+		case call_status::yielded:
+		case call_status::runtime:
+		case call_status::memory:
+		case call_status::handler:
+		case call_status::gc:
+		case call_status::syntax:
+		case call_status::file:
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	inline const std::string& to_string(load_status c) {
+		static const std::array<std::string, 7> names {
+			{ "ok", "memory", "gc", "syntax", "file", "CRITICAL_EXCEPTION_FAILURE", "CRITICAL_INDETERMINATE_STATE_FAILURE" }
+		};
+		switch (c) {
+		case load_status::ok:
+			return names[0];
+		case load_status::memory:
+			return names[1];
+		case load_status::gc:
+			return names[2];
+		case load_status::syntax:
+			return names[3];
+		case load_status::file:
+			return names[4];
+		}
+		if (static_cast<int>(c) == -1) {
+			// One of the many cases where a critical exception error has occurred
+			return names[5];
+		}
+		return names[6];
+	}
+
+	inline const std::string& to_string(load_mode c) {
+		static const std::array<std::string, 3> names { {
+			"bt",
+			"t",
+			"b",
+		} };
+		return names[static_cast<std::size_t>(c)];
+	}
+
+	enum class meta_function : unsigned {
+		construct,
+		index,
+		new_index,
+		mode,
+		call,
+		call_function = call,
+		metatable,
+		to_string,
+		length,
+		unary_minus,
+		addition,
+		subtraction,
+		multiplication,
+		division,
+		modulus,
+		power_of,
+		involution = power_of,
+		concatenation,
+		equal_to,
+		less_than,
+		less_than_or_equal_to,
+		garbage_collect,
+		floor_division,
+		bitwise_left_shift,
+		bitwise_right_shift,
+		bitwise_not,
+		bitwise_and,
+		bitwise_or,
+		bitwise_xor,
+		pairs,
+		ipairs,
+		next,
+		type,
+		type_info,
+		call_construct,
+		storage,
+		gc_names,
+		static_index,
+		static_new_index,
+	};
+
+	typedef meta_function meta_method;
+
+	inline const std::array<std::string, 37>& meta_function_names() {
+		static const std::array<std::string, 37> names = { { "new",
+			"__index",
+			"__newindex",
+			"__mode",
+			"__call",
+			"__metatable",
+			"__tostring",
+			"__len",
+			"__unm",
+			"__add",
+			"__sub",
+			"__mul",
+			"__div",
+			"__mod",
+			"__pow",
+			"__concat",
+			"__eq",
+			"__lt",
+			"__le",
+			"__gc",
+
+			"__idiv",
+			"__shl",
+			"__shr",
+			"__bnot",
+			"__band",
+			"__bor",
+			"__bxor",
+
+			"__pairs",
+			"__ipairs",
+			"next",
+
+			"__type",
+			"__typeinfo",
+			"__sol.call_new",
+			"__sol.storage",
+			"__sol.gc_names",
+			"__sol.static_index",
+			"__sol.static_new_index" } };
+		return names;
+	}
+
+	inline const std::string& to_string(meta_function mf) {
+		return meta_function_names()[static_cast<std::size_t>(mf)];
+	}
+
+	inline type type_of(lua_State* L, int index) {
+		return static_cast<type>(lua_type(L, index));
+	}
+
+	inline std::string type_name(lua_State* L, type t) {
+		return lua_typename(L, static_cast<int>(t));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_stateless_lua_reference
+	: std::integral_constant<bool,
+	       (std::is_base_of_v<stateless_stack_reference, T> || std::is_base_of_v<stateless_reference, T>)&&(
+	            !std::is_base_of_v<stack_reference, T> && !std::is_base_of_v<reference, T> && !std::is_base_of_v<main_reference, T>)> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_stateless_lua_reference_v = is_stateless_lua_reference<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_reference
+	: std::integral_constant<bool,
+	       std::is_base_of_v<reference,
+	            T> || std::is_base_of_v<main_reference, T> || std::is_base_of_v<stack_reference, T> || std::is_base_of_v<stateless_stack_reference, T> || std::is_base_of_v<stateless_reference, T>> {
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_lua_reference_v = is_lua_reference<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_reference_or_proxy : std::integral_constant<bool, is_lua_reference_v<T> || meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, table_proxy>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_lua_reference_or_proxy_v = is_lua_reference_or_proxy<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_transparent_argument
+	: std::integral_constant<bool,
+	       std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>,
+	            this_state> || std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, this_main_state> || std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, this_environment> || std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, variadic_args>> {
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_transparent_argument_v = is_transparent_argument<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_variadic_arguments : meta::any<std::is_same<T, variadic_args>, meta::is_optional<T>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_container
+	: std::integral_constant<bool,
+	       !std::is_same_v<state_view,
+	            T> && !std::is_same_v<state, T> && !meta::is_initializer_list_v<T> && !meta::is_string_like_v<T> && !meta::is_string_literal_array_v<T> && !is_transparent_argument_v<T> && !is_lua_reference_v<T> && (meta::has_begin_end_v<T> || std::is_array_v<T>)> {
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_container_v = is_container<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_to_stringable : meta::any<meta::supports_to_string_member<meta::unqualified_t<T>>, meta::supports_adl_to_string<meta::unqualified_t<T>>,
+	                               meta::supports_op_left_shift<std::ostream, meta::unqualified_t<T>>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_to_stringable_v = is_to_stringable<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_callable : std::true_type { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_callable_v = is_callable<T>::value;
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct lua_type_of : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> { };
+
+		template <typename C, typename T, typename A>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::basic_string<C, T, A>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <typename C, typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_string_view<C, T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <std::size_t N>
+		struct lua_type_of<char[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <std::size_t N>
+		struct lua_type_of<wchar_t[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+		template <std::size_t N>
+		struct lua_type_of<char8_t[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+#endif
+
+		template <std::size_t N>
+		struct lua_type_of<char16_t[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <std::size_t N>
+		struct lua_type_of<char32_t[N]> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<char> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<wchar_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<char8_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+#endif
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<char16_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<char32_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<const char*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<const wchar_t*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<const char8_t*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+#endif
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<const char16_t*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<const char32_t*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<bool> : std::integral_constant<type, type::boolean> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<lua_nil_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lua_nil> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<nullopt_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lua_nil> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<lua_value> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<detail::non_lua_nil_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::nullptr_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lua_nil> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<error> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+		template <bool b, typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_table_core<b, Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };
+
+		template <typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_lua_table<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };
+
+		template <typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_metatable<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };
+
+		template <typename T, typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_usertype<T, Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<metatable_key_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };
+
+		template <typename B>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_environment<B>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<env_key_t> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<new_table> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<as_table_t<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::initializer_list<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::table> { };
+
+		template <bool b>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_reference<b>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<stack_reference> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_object<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::tuple<Args...>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <typename A, typename B>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::pair<A, B>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<void*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<const void*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<lightuserdata_value> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<userdata_value> : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<light<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<user<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> { };
+
+		template <typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_lightuserdata<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::lightuserdata> { };
+
+		template <typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_userdata<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<lua_CFunction> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> { };
+
+		template <typename Base, bool aligned>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_function<Base, aligned>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> { };
+
+		template <typename Base, bool aligned, typename Handler>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_protected_function<Base, aligned, Handler>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> { };
+
+		template <typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_coroutine<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> { };
+
+		template <typename Base>
+		struct lua_type_of<basic_thread<Base>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::thread> { };
+
+		template <typename Signature>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::function<Signature>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<optional<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::optional<T>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<variadic_args> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<variadic_results> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<stack_count> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<this_state> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<this_main_state> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<this_environment> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<type> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<T*> : std::integral_constant<type, std::is_function_v<T> ? type::function : type::userdata> { };
+#else
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<T*> : std::integral_constant<type, type::userdata> { };
+#endif
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, lua_Number> || std::is_same_v<T, lua_Integer>>>
+		: std::integral_constant<type, type::number> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_function_v<T>>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::function> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<T>>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::number> { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct lua_type_of<meta_function> : std::integral_constant<type, type::string> { };
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+		template <typename... Tn>
+		struct lua_type_of<std::variant<Tn...>> : std::integral_constant<type, type::poly> { };
+#endif // std::variant deployment sucks on Clang
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct lua_type_of<nested<T>> : meta::conditional_t<::sol::is_container_v<T>, std::integral_constant<type, type::table>, lua_type_of<T>> { };
+
+		template <typename C, C v, template <typename...> class V, typename... Args>
+		struct accumulate : std::integral_constant<C, v> { };
+
+		template <typename C, C v, template <typename...> class V, typename T, typename... Args>
+		struct accumulate<C, v, V, T, Args...> : accumulate<C, v + V<T>::value, V, Args...> { };
+
+		template <typename C, C v, template <typename...> class V, typename List>
+		struct accumulate_list;
+
+		template <typename C, C v, template <typename...> class V, typename... Args>
+		struct accumulate_list<C, v, V, types<Args...>> : accumulate<C, v, V, Args...> { };
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct lua_type_of : detail::lua_type_of<T> {
+		typedef int SOL_INTERNAL_UNSPECIALIZED_MARKER_;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr type lua_type_of_v = lua_type_of<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct lua_size : std::integral_constant<int, 1> {
+		typedef int SOL_INTERNAL_UNSPECIALIZED_MARKER_;
+	};
+
+	template <typename A, typename B>
+	struct lua_size<std::pair<A, B>> : std::integral_constant<int, lua_size<A>::value + lua_size<B>::value> { };
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct lua_size<std::tuple<Args...>> : std::integral_constant<int, detail::accumulate<int, 0, lua_size, Args...>::value> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr int lua_size_v = lua_size<T>::value;
+
+	namespace detail {
+		// MSVC's decltype detection is broken, which breaks other
+		// parts of the code. So we add more workarounds. The moment it's fixed,
+		// we take it away and break everyone that doesn't upgrade.
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_msvc_callable_rigged = meta::any<meta::is_specialization_of<T, push_invoke_t>, meta::is_specialization_of<T, as_table_t>,
+		     meta::is_specialization_of<T, forward_as_value_t>, meta::is_specialization_of<T, as_container_t>, meta::is_specialization_of<T, nested>,
+		     meta::is_specialization_of<T, yielding_t>>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_msvc_callable_rigged_v = is_msvc_callable_rigged<T>::value;
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive : std::integral_constant<bool,
+	                               type::userdata != lua_type_of_v<T>                                   // cf
+	                                    || ((type::userdata == lua_type_of_v<T>)                        // cf
+	                                         &&meta::meta_detail::has_internal_marker_v<lua_type_of<T>> // cf
+	                                         && !meta::meta_detail::has_internal_marker_v<lua_size<T>>) // cf
+	                                    || is_lua_reference_or_proxy_v<T>                               // cf
+	                                    || meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, std::tuple>                  // cf
+	                                    || meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, std::pair>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_lua_primitive_v = is_lua_primitive<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_value_semantic_for_function
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS)
+	: std::true_type {
+	};
+#else
+	: std::false_type {
+	};
+#endif
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_value_semantic_for_function_v = is_value_semantic_for_function<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_main_threaded : std::is_base_of<main_reference, T> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_main_threaded_v = is_main_threaded<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_stack_based : std::is_base_of<stack_reference, T> { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_stack_based<variadic_args> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_stack_based<unsafe_function_result> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_stack_based<protected_function_result> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_stack_based<stack_proxy> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_stack_based<stack_proxy_base> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_stack_based<stack_count> : std::true_type { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	constexpr inline bool is_stack_based_v = is_stack_based<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<T*> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<unsafe_function_result> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<protected_function_result> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<std::reference_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<user<T>> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<light<T>> : is_lua_primitive<T*> { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<optional<T>> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<std::optional<T>> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<as_table_t<T>> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<nested<T>> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<userdata_value> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<lightuserdata_value> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<stack_proxy> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<stack_proxy_base> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_primitive<non_null<T>> : is_lua_primitive<T*> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_lua_index : std::is_integral<T> { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_index<raw_index> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_index<absolute_index> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_index<ref_index> : std::true_type { };
+	template <>
+	struct is_lua_index<upvalue_index> : std::true_type { };
+
+	template <typename Signature>
+	struct lua_bind_traits : meta::bind_traits<Signature> {
+	private:
+		typedef meta::bind_traits<Signature> base_t;
+
+	public:
+		typedef std::integral_constant<bool, meta::count_for<is_variadic_arguments, typename base_t::args_list>::value != 0> runtime_variadics_t;
+		static const std::size_t true_arity = base_t::arity;
+		static const std::size_t arity = detail::accumulate_list<std::size_t, 0, lua_size, typename base_t::args_list>::value
+		     - meta::count_for<is_transparent_argument, typename base_t::args_list>::value;
+		static const std::size_t true_free_arity = base_t::free_arity;
+		static const std::size_t free_arity = detail::accumulate_list<std::size_t, 0, lua_size, typename base_t::free_args_list>::value
+		     - meta::count_for<is_transparent_argument, typename base_t::args_list>::value;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_table : std::false_type { };
+	template <bool x, typename T>
+	struct is_table<basic_table_core<x, T>> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_table<basic_lua_table<T>> : std::true_type { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_table_v = is_table<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_global_table : std::false_type { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_global_table<basic_table_core<true, T>> : std::true_type { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_global_table_v = is_global_table<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_stack_table : std::false_type { };
+	template <bool x, typename T>
+	struct is_stack_table<basic_table_core<x, T>> : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_base_of_v<stack_reference, T>> { };
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_stack_table<basic_lua_table<T>> : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_base_of_v<stack_reference, T>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_stack_table_v = is_stack_table<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_function : std::false_type { };
+	template <typename T, bool aligned>
+	struct is_function<basic_function<T, aligned>> : std::true_type { };
+	template <typename T, bool aligned, typename Handler>
+	struct is_function<basic_protected_function<T, aligned, Handler>> : std::true_type { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_lightuserdata = meta::is_specialization_of<T, basic_lightuserdata>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_lightuserdata_v = is_lightuserdata<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_userdata = meta::is_specialization_of<T, basic_userdata>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_userdata_v = is_userdata<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_environment = std::integral_constant<bool, is_userdata_v<T> || is_table_v<T> || meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, basic_environment>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_environment_v = is_environment<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_table_like = std::integral_constant<bool, is_table_v<T> || is_environment_v<T> || is_userdata_v<T>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_table_like_v = is_table_like<T>::value;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_automagical
+	: std::integral_constant<bool,
+	       (SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEFAULT_AUTOMAGICAL_USERTYPES))
+	            || (std::is_array_v<
+	                     meta::unqualified_t<T>> || (!std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, state> && !std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, state_view>))> {
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline type type_of() {
+		return lua_type_of<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value;
+	}
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_non_factory_constructor : std::false_type { };
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		struct is_non_factory_constructor<constructors<Args...>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		struct is_non_factory_constructor<constructor_wrapper<Args...>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct is_non_factory_constructor<no_construction> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_non_factory_constructor_v = is_non_factory_constructor<T>::value;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_constructor : is_non_factory_constructor<T> { };
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		struct is_constructor<factory_wrapper<Args...>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_constructor<protect_t<T>> : is_constructor<meta::unqualified_t<T>> { };
+
+		template <typename F, typename... Policies>
+		struct is_constructor<policy_wrapper<F, Policies...>> : is_constructor<meta::unqualified_t<F>> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_constructor_v = is_constructor<T>::value;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		using any_is_constructor = meta::any<is_constructor<meta::unqualified_t<Args>>...>;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		inline constexpr bool any_is_constructor_v = any_is_constructor<Args...>::value;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_destructor : std::false_type { };
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		struct is_destructor<destructor_wrapper<Fx>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		using any_is_destructor = meta::any<is_destructor<meta::unqualified_t<Args>>...>;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		inline constexpr bool any_is_destructor_v = any_is_destructor<Args...>::value;
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_lua_c_function = meta::any<std::is_same<lua_CFunction, T>, std::is_same<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept, T>, std::is_same<lua_CFunction_ref, T>>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_lua_c_function_v = is_lua_c_function<T>::value;
+
+	enum class automagic_flags : unsigned {
+		none = 0x000u,
+		default_constructor = 0x001,
+		destructor = 0x002u,
+		pairs_operator = 0x004u,
+		to_string_operator = 0x008u,
+		call_operator = 0x010u,
+		less_than_operator = 0x020u,
+		less_than_or_equal_to_operator = 0x040u,
+		length_operator = 0x080u,
+		equal_to_operator = 0x100u,
+		all = default_constructor | destructor | pairs_operator | to_string_operator | call_operator | less_than_operator | less_than_or_equal_to_operator
+		     | length_operator | equal_to_operator
+	};
+
+	inline constexpr automagic_flags operator|(automagic_flags left, automagic_flags right) noexcept {
+		return static_cast<automagic_flags>(
+		     static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<automagic_flags>>(left) | static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<automagic_flags>>(right));
+	}
+
+	inline constexpr automagic_flags operator&(automagic_flags left, automagic_flags right) noexcept {
+		return static_cast<automagic_flags>(
+		     static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<automagic_flags>>(left) & static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<automagic_flags>>(right));
+	}
+
+	inline constexpr automagic_flags& operator|=(automagic_flags& left, automagic_flags right) noexcept {
+		left = left | right;
+		return left;
+	}
+
+	inline constexpr automagic_flags& operator&=(automagic_flags& left, automagic_flags right) noexcept {
+		left = left & right;
+		return left;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Left, typename Right>
+	constexpr bool has_flag(Left left, Right right) noexcept {
+		return (left & right) == right;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Left, typename Right>
+	constexpr bool has_any_flag(Left left, Right right) noexcept {
+		return (left & right) != static_cast<Left>(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Left>>(0));
+	}
+
+	template <typename Left, typename Right>
+	constexpr auto clear_flags(Left left, Right right) noexcept {
+		return static_cast<Left>(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Left>>(left) & ~static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Right>>(right));
+	}
+
+	struct automagic_enrollments {
+		bool default_constructor = true;
+		bool destructor = true;
+		bool pairs_operator = true;
+		bool to_string_operator = true;
+		bool call_operator = true;
+		bool less_than_operator = true;
+		bool less_than_or_equal_to_operator = true;
+		bool length_operator = true;
+		bool equal_to_operator = true;
+	};
+
+	template <automagic_flags compile_time_defaults = automagic_flags::all>
+	struct constant_automagic_enrollments : public automagic_enrollments { };
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/types.hpp
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PRINT_ERRORS)
+#include <iostream>
+#endif
+
+namespace sol {
+	// must push a single object to be the error object
+	// NOTE: the VAST MAJORITY of all Lua libraries -- C or otherwise -- expect a string for the type of error
+	// break this convention at your own risk
+	using exception_handler_function = int (*)(lua_State*, optional<const std::exception&>, string_view);
+
+	namespace detail {
+		inline const char (&default_exception_handler_name())[11] {
+			static const char name[11] = "sol.\xE2\x98\xA2\xE2\x98\xA2";
+			return name;
+		}
+
+		// must push at least 1 object on the stack
+		inline int default_exception_handler(lua_State* L, optional<const std::exception&>, string_view what) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PRINT_ERRORS)
+			std::cerr << "[sol2] An exception occurred: ";
+			std::cerr.write(what.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(what.size()));
+			std::cerr << std::endl;
+#endif
+			lua_pushlstring(L, what.data(), what.size());
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		inline int call_exception_handler(lua_State* L, optional<const std::exception&> maybe_ex, string_view what) {
+			lua_getglobal(L, default_exception_handler_name());
+			type t = static_cast<type>(lua_type(L, -1));
+			if (t != type::lightuserdata) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				return default_exception_handler(L, std::move(maybe_ex), std::move(what));
+			}
+			void* vfunc = lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+			if (vfunc == nullptr) {
+				return default_exception_handler(L, std::move(maybe_ex), std::move(what));
+			}
+			exception_handler_function exfunc = reinterpret_cast<exception_handler_function>(vfunc);
+			return exfunc(L, std::move(maybe_ex), std::move(what));
+		}
+
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+		template <lua_CFunction f>
+		int static_trampoline(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			return f(L);
+		}
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+		template <lua_CFunction_noexcept f>
+		int static_trampoline_noexcept(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			return f(L);
+		}
+#else
+		template <lua_CFunction f>
+		int static_trampoline_noexcept(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			return f(L);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		int trampoline(lua_State* L, Fx&& f, Args&&... args) noexcept {
+			return f(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		inline int c_trampoline(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f) noexcept {
+			return trampoline(L, f);
+		}
+#else
+
+		inline int lua_cfunction_trampoline(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS)
+			return f(L);
+#else
+			try {
+				return f(L);
+			}
+			catch (const char* cs) {
+				call_exception_handler(L, optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), string_view(cs));
+			}
+			catch (const std::string& s) {
+				call_exception_handler(L, optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), string_view(s.c_str(), s.size()));
+			}
+			catch (const std::exception& e) {
+				call_exception_handler(L, optional<const std::exception&>(e), e.what());
+			}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL)
+			// LuaJIT cannot have the catchall when the safe propagation is on
+			// but LuaJIT will swallow all C++ errors
+			// if we don't at least catch std::exception ones
+			catch (...) {
+				call_exception_handler(L, optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), "caught (...) exception");
+			}
+#endif // LuaJIT cannot have the catchall, but we must catch std::exceps for it
+			return lua_error(L);
+#endif // Safe exceptions
+		}
+
+		template <lua_CFunction f>
+		int static_trampoline(lua_State* L) {
+			return lua_cfunction_trampoline(L, f);
+		}
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+		template <lua_CFunction_noexcept f>
+		int static_trampoline_noexcept(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			return f(L);
+		}
+#else
+		template <lua_CFunction f>
+		int static_trampoline_noexcept(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			return f(L);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		int trampoline(lua_State* L, Fx&& f, Args&&... args) {
+			if constexpr (meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>::is_noexcept) {
+				return f(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS)
+				return f(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+#else
+				try {
+					return f(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				catch (const char* cs) {
+					call_exception_handler(L, optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), string_view(cs));
+				}
+				catch (const std::string& s) {
+					call_exception_handler(L, optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), string_view(s.c_str(), s.size()));
+				}
+				catch (const std::exception& e) {
+					call_exception_handler(L, optional<const std::exception&>(e), e.what());
+				}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL)
+				// LuaJIT cannot have the catchall when the safe propagation is on
+				// but LuaJIT will swallow all C++ errors
+				// if we don't at least catch std::exception ones
+				catch (...) {
+					call_exception_handler(L, optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), "caught (...) exception");
+				}
+#endif
+				return lua_error(L);
+#endif
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline int c_trampoline(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f) {
+			return trampoline(L, f);
+		}
+#endif // Exceptions vs. No Exceptions
+
+		template <typename F, F fx>
+		inline int typed_static_trampoline(lua_State* L) {
+#if 0
+			// TODO: you must evaluate the get/check_get of every
+			// argument, to ensure it doesn't throw
+			// (e.g., for the sol_lua_check_access extension point!)
+			// This incluudes properly noexcept-ing all the above
+			// trampolines / safety nets
+			if constexpr (meta::bind_traits<F>::is_noexcept) {
+				return static_trampoline_noexcept<fx>(L);
+			}
+			else
+#endif
+			{ return static_trampoline<fx>(L); }
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	inline void set_default_exception_handler(lua_State* L, exception_handler_function exf = &detail::default_exception_handler) {
+		static_assert(sizeof(void*) >= sizeof(exception_handler_function),
+		     "void* storage is too small to transport the exception handler: please file a bug on the sol2 issue tracker to get this looked at!");
+		void* storage;
+		std::memcpy(&storage, &exf, sizeof(exception_handler_function));
+		lua_pushlightuserdata(L, storage);
+		lua_setglobal(L, detail::default_exception_handler_name());
+	}
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/trampoline.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_core.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/inheritance.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/usertype_traits.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/demangle.hpp
+
+#include <string>
+#include <array>
+#include <cctype>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_MINGW_CCTYPE_IS_POISONED)
+extern "C" {
+#include <ctype.h>
+}
+#endif // MinGW is on some stuff
+#include <locale>
+
+namespace sol { namespace detail {
+	inline constexpr std::array<string_view, 9> removals { { "{anonymous}",
+		"(anonymous namespace)",
+		"public:",
+		"private:",
+		"protected:",
+		"struct ",
+		"class ",
+		"`anonymous-namespace'",
+		"`anonymous namespace'" } };
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC) || SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+	inline std::string ctti_get_type_name_from_sig(std::string name) {
+		// cardinal sins from MINGW
+		using namespace std;
+		std::size_t start = name.find_first_of('[');
+		start = name.find_first_of('=', start);
+		std::size_t end = name.find_last_of(']');
+		if (end == std::string::npos)
+			end = name.size();
+		if (start == std::string::npos)
+			start = 0;
+		if (start < name.size() - 1)
+			start += 1;
+		name = name.substr(start, end - start);
+		start = name.rfind("seperator_mark");
+		if (start != std::string::npos) {
+			name.erase(start - 2, name.length());
+		}
+		while (!name.empty() && isblank(name.front()))
+			name.erase(name.begin());
+		while (!name.empty() && isblank(name.back()))
+			name.pop_back();
+
+		for (std::size_t r = 0; r < removals.size(); ++r) {
+			auto found = name.find(removals[r]);
+			while (found != std::string::npos) {
+				name.erase(found, removals[r].size());
+				found = name.find(removals[r]);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return name;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T, class seperator_mark = int>
+	inline std::string ctti_get_type_name() {
+		return ctti_get_type_name_from_sig(__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
+	}
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+	inline std::string ctti_get_type_name_from_sig(std::string name) {
+		std::size_t start = name.find("get_type_name");
+		if (start == std::string::npos)
+			start = 0;
+		else
+			start += 13;
+		if (start < name.size() - 1)
+			start += 1;
+		std::size_t end = name.find_last_of('>');
+		if (end == std::string::npos)
+			end = name.size();
+		name = name.substr(start, end - start);
+		if (name.find("struct", 0) == 0)
+			name.replace(0, 6, "", 0);
+		if (name.find("class", 0) == 0)
+			name.replace(0, 5, "", 0);
+		while (!name.empty() && isblank(name.front()))
+			name.erase(name.begin());
+		while (!name.empty() && isblank(name.back()))
+			name.pop_back();
+
+		for (std::size_t r = 0; r < removals.size(); ++r) {
+			auto found = name.find(removals[r]);
+			while (found != std::string::npos) {
+				name.erase(found, removals[r].size());
+				found = name.find(removals[r]);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return name;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	std::string ctti_get_type_name() {
+		return ctti_get_type_name_from_sig(__FUNCSIG__);
+	}
+#else
+#error Compiler not supported for demangling
+#endif // compilers
+
+	template <typename T>
+	std::string demangle_once() {
+		std::string realname = ctti_get_type_name<T>();
+		return realname;
+	}
+
+	inline std::string short_demangle_from_type_name(std::string realname) {
+		// This isn't the most complete but it'll do for now...?
+		static const std::array<std::string, 10> ops = {
+			{ "operator<", "operator<<", "operator<<=", "operator<=", "operator>", "operator>>", "operator>>=", "operator>=", "operator->", "operator->*" }
+		};
+		int level = 0;
+		std::size_t idx = 0;
+		for (idx = static_cast<std::size_t>(realname.empty() ? 0 : realname.size() - 1); idx > 0; --idx) {
+			if (level == 0 && realname[idx] == ':') {
+				break;
+			}
+			bool isleft = realname[idx] == '<';
+			bool isright = realname[idx] == '>';
+			if (!isleft && !isright)
+				continue;
+			bool earlybreak = false;
+			for (const auto& op : ops) {
+				std::size_t nisop = realname.rfind(op, idx);
+				if (nisop == std::string::npos)
+					continue;
+				std::size_t nisopidx = idx - op.size() + 1;
+				if (nisop == nisopidx) {
+					idx = static_cast<std::size_t>(nisopidx);
+					earlybreak = true;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			if (earlybreak) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			level += isleft ? -1 : 1;
+		}
+		if (idx > 0) {
+			realname.erase(0, realname.length() < static_cast<std::size_t>(idx) ? realname.length() : idx + 1);
+		}
+		return realname;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	std::string short_demangle_once() {
+		std::string realname = ctti_get_type_name<T>();
+		return short_demangle_from_type_name(realname);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	const std::string& demangle() {
+		static const std::string d = demangle_once<T>();
+		return d;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	const std::string& short_demangle() {
+		static const std::string d = short_demangle_once<T>();
+		return d;
+	}
+}} // namespace sol::detail
+
+// end of sol/demangle.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct usertype_traits {
+		static const std::string& name() {
+			static const std::string& n = detail::short_demangle<T>();
+			return n;
+		}
+		static const std::string& qualified_name() {
+			static const std::string& q_n = detail::demangle<T>();
+			return q_n;
+		}
+		static const std::string& metatable() {
+			static const std::string m = std::string("sol.").append(detail::demangle<T>());
+			return m;
+		}
+		static const std::string& user_metatable() {
+			static const std::string u_m = std::string("sol.").append(detail::demangle<T>()).append(".user");
+			return u_m;
+		}
+		static const std::string& user_gc_metatable() {
+			static const std::string u_g_m = std::string("sol.").append(detail::demangle<T>()).append(".user\xE2\x99\xBB");
+			return u_g_m;
+		}
+		static const std::string& gc_table() {
+			static const std::string g_t = std::string("sol.").append(detail::demangle<T>()).append(".\xE2\x99\xBB");
+			return g_t;
+		}
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/usertype_traits.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/unique_usertype_traits.hpp
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unique_fallback {
+			using SOL_INTERNAL_UNSPECIALIZED_MARKER_ = int;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unique_fallback<std::shared_ptr<T>> {
+		private:
+			using pointer = typename std::pointer_traits<std::shared_ptr<T>>::element_type*;
+
+		public:
+			// rebind is non-void
+			// if and only if unique usertype
+			// is cast-capable
+			template <typename X>
+			using rebind_actual_type = std::shared_ptr<X>;
+
+			static bool is_null(lua_State*, const std::shared_ptr<T>& p) noexcept {
+				return p == nullptr;
+			}
+
+			static pointer get(lua_State*, const std::shared_ptr<T>& p) noexcept {
+				return p.get();
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename D>
+		struct unique_fallback<std::unique_ptr<T, D>> {
+		private:
+			using pointer = typename std::unique_ptr<T, D>::pointer;
+
+		public:
+			static bool is_null(lua_State*, const std::unique_ptr<T, D>& p) noexcept {
+				return p == nullptr;
+			}
+
+			static pointer get(lua_State*, const std::unique_ptr<T, D>& p) noexcept {
+				return p.get();
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace meta { namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct unique_actual_type;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unique_actual_type<T, meta::void_t<typename T::actual_type>> {
+			using type = typename T::actual_type;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Rest, template <typename...> class Templ>
+		struct unique_actual_type<Templ<T, Rest...>> {
+			using type = T;
+		};
+
+	}} // namespace meta::meta_detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using unique_usertype_actual_t = typename meta::meta_detail::unique_actual_type<unique_usertype_traits<T>>::type;
+
+	namespace meta { namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		using value_test_t = decltype(T::value);
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using type_test_t = typename T::type;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using type_element_type_t = typename T::element_type;
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct unique_element_type {
+			using type = typename std::pointer_traits<typename unique_actual_type<T>::type>::element_type;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unique_element_type<T, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_detected_v<type_element_type_t, T>>> {
+			using type = typename T::element_type;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unique_element_type<T, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_detected_v<type_test_t, T>>> {
+			using type = typename T::type;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct unique_valid : std::integral_constant<bool, !has_internal_marker_v<T>> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unique_valid<T, meta::void_t<decltype(T::value)>> : std::integral_constant<bool, T::value> { };
+	}} // namespace meta::meta_detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using unique_usertype_element_t = typename meta::meta_detail::unique_element_type<unique_usertype_traits<T>>::type;
+
+	template <typename T, typename Element = void>
+	using unique_usertype_rebind_actual_t = typename unique_usertype_traits<T>::template rebind_actual_type<Element>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unique_usertype_traits : public detail::unique_fallback<T> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_unique_usertype : std::integral_constant<bool, meta::meta_detail::unique_valid<unique_usertype_traits<T>>::value> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline constexpr bool is_unique_usertype_v = is_unique_usertype<T>::value;
+
+	namespace meta { namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		using adl_sol_lua_check_access_test_t
+			= decltype(sol_lua_check_access(types<T>(), static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), -1, std::declval<stack::record&>()));
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_adl_sol_lua_check_access_v = meta::is_detected_v<adl_sol_lua_check_access_test_t, T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using unique_usertype_get_with_state_test_t
+			= decltype(unique_usertype_traits<T>::get(static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), std::declval<unique_usertype_actual_t<T>>()));
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool unique_usertype_get_with_state_v = meta::is_detected_v<unique_usertype_get_with_state_test_t, T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using unique_usertype_is_null_with_state_test_t
+			= decltype(unique_usertype_traits<T>::is_null(static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), std::declval<unique_usertype_actual_t<T>>()));
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool unique_usertype_is_null_with_state_v = meta::is_detected_v<unique_usertype_is_null_with_state_test_t, T>;
+	}} // namespace meta::meta_detail
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		constexpr bool unique_is_null_noexcept() noexcept {
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::unique_usertype_is_null_with_state_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>>) {
+				return noexcept(
+				     unique_usertype_traits<T>::is_null(static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), std::declval<unique_usertype_actual_t<std::remove_cv_t<T>>>()));
+			}
+			else {
+				return noexcept(unique_usertype_traits<T>::is_null(std::declval<unique_usertype_actual_t<std::remove_cv_t<T>>>()));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool unique_is_null(lua_State* L_, T& value_) noexcept(unique_is_null_noexcept<std::remove_cv_t<T>>()) {
+			using Tu = std::remove_cv_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::unique_usertype_is_null_with_state_v<Tu>) {
+				return unique_usertype_traits<Tu>::is_null(L_, value_);
+			}
+			else {
+				return unique_usertype_traits<Tu>::is_null(value_);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		constexpr bool unique_get_noexcept() noexcept {
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::unique_usertype_get_with_state_v<std::remove_cv_t<T>>) {
+				return noexcept(
+				     unique_usertype_traits<T>::get(static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), std::declval<unique_usertype_actual_t<std::remove_cv_t<T>>>()));
+			}
+			else {
+				return noexcept(unique_usertype_traits<T>::get(std::declval<unique_usertype_actual_t<std::remove_cv_t<T>>>()));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		auto unique_get(lua_State* L_, T& value_) noexcept(unique_get_noexcept<std::remove_cv_t<T>>()) {
+			using Tu = std::remove_cv_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::unique_usertype_get_with_state_v<Tu>) {
+				return unique_usertype_traits<Tu>::get(L_, value_);
+			}
+			else {
+				return unique_usertype_traits<Tu>::get(value_);
+			}
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace meta { namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename T, typename Element = void>
+		using is_rebind_actual_type_test_t = typename T::template rebind_actual_type<Element>;
+
+		template <typename T, typename Element = void>
+		using is_rebind_actual_type = meta::is_detected<is_rebind_actual_type_test_t, T, Element>;
+
+		template <typename T, typename Element = void>
+		inline constexpr bool is_rebind_actual_type_v = is_rebind_actual_type<T, Element>::value;
+
+		template <typename T, typename Element, bool = is_rebind_actual_type_v<T, Element>>
+		struct is_actual_type_rebindable_for_test : std::false_type { };
+
+		template <typename T, typename Element>
+		struct is_actual_type_rebindable_for_test<T, Element, true>
+		: std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_void_v<typename T::template rebind_actual_type<Element>>> { };
+	}} // namespace meta::meta_detail
+
+	template <typename T, typename Element = void>
+	using is_actual_type_rebindable_for = typename meta::meta_detail::is_actual_type_rebindable_for_test<unique_usertype_traits<T>, Element>::type;
+
+	template <typename T, typename Element = void>
+	inline constexpr bool is_actual_type_rebindable_for_v = is_actual_type_rebindable_for<T, Element>::value;
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/unique_usertype_traits.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct base_list { };
+	template <typename... Args>
+	using bases = base_list<Args...>;
+
+	typedef bases<> base_classes_tag;
+	const auto base_classes = base_classes_tag();
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct is_to_stringable<base_list<Args...>> : std::false_type { };
+
+	namespace detail {
+
+		inline decltype(auto) base_class_check_key() {
+			static const auto& key = "class_check";
+			return key;
+		}
+
+		inline decltype(auto) base_class_cast_key() {
+			static const auto& key = "class_cast";
+			return key;
+		}
+
+		inline decltype(auto) base_class_index_propogation_key() {
+			static const auto& key = u8"\xF0\x9F\x8C\xB2.index";
+			return key;
+		}
+
+		inline decltype(auto) base_class_new_index_propogation_key() {
+			static const auto& key = u8"\xF0\x9F\x8C\xB2.new_index";
+			return key;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct inheritance {
+			typedef typename base<T>::type bases_t;
+
+			static bool type_check_bases(types<>, const string_view&) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			template <typename Base, typename... Args>
+			static bool type_check_bases(types<Base, Args...>, const string_view& ti) {
+				return ti == usertype_traits<Base>::qualified_name() || type_check_bases(types<Args...>(), ti);
+			}
+
+			static bool type_check(const string_view& ti) {
+				return ti == usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name() || type_check_bases(bases_t(), ti);
+			}
+
+			template <typename... Bases>
+			static bool type_check_with(const string_view& ti) {
+				return ti == usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name() || type_check_bases(types<Bases...>(), ti);
+			}
+
+			static void* type_cast_bases(types<>, T*, const string_view&) {
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+
+			template <typename Base, typename... Args>
+			static void* type_cast_bases(types<Base, Args...>, T* data, const string_view& ti) {
+				// Make sure to convert to T first, and then dynamic cast to the proper type
+				return ti != usertype_traits<Base>::qualified_name() ? type_cast_bases(types<Args...>(), data, ti)
+				                                                     : static_cast<void*>(static_cast<Base*>(data));
+			}
+
+			static void* type_cast(void* voiddata, const string_view& ti) {
+				T* data = static_cast<T*>(voiddata);
+				return static_cast<void*>(ti != usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name() ? type_cast_bases(bases_t(), data, ti) : data);
+			}
+
+			template <typename... Bases>
+			static void* type_cast_with(void* voiddata, const string_view& ti) {
+				T* data = static_cast<T*>(voiddata);
+				return static_cast<void*>(ti != usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name() ? type_cast_bases(types<Bases...>(), data, ti) : data);
+			}
+
+			template <typename U>
+			static bool type_unique_cast_bases(types<>, void*, void*, const string_view&) {
+				return 0;
+			}
+
+			template <typename U, typename Base, typename... Args>
+			static int type_unique_cast_bases(types<Base, Args...>, void* source_data, void* target_data, const string_view& ti) {
+				using uu_traits = unique_usertype_traits<U>;
+				using base_ptr = typename uu_traits::template rebind_actual_type<Base>;
+				string_view base_ti = usertype_traits<Base>::qualified_name();
+				if (base_ti == ti) {
+					if (target_data != nullptr) {
+						U* source = static_cast<U*>(source_data);
+						base_ptr* target = static_cast<base_ptr*>(target_data);
+						// perform proper derived -> base conversion
+						*target = *source;
+					}
+					return 2;
+				}
+				return type_unique_cast_bases<U>(types<Args...>(), source_data, target_data, ti);
+			}
+
+			template <typename U>
+			static int type_unique_cast(void* source_data, void* target_data, const string_view& ti, const string_view& rebind_ti) {
+				if constexpr (is_actual_type_rebindable_for_v<U>) {
+					using rebound_actual_type = unique_usertype_rebind_actual_t<U>;
+					using maybe_bases_or_empty = meta::conditional_t<std::is_void_v<rebound_actual_type>, types<>, bases_t>;
+					string_view this_rebind_ti = usertype_traits<rebound_actual_type>::qualified_name();
+					if (rebind_ti != this_rebind_ti) {
+						// this is not even of the same unique type
+						return 0;
+					}
+					string_view this_ti = usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name();
+					if (ti == this_ti) {
+						// direct match, return 1
+						return 1;
+					}
+					return type_unique_cast_bases<U>(maybe_bases_or_empty(), source_data, target_data, ti);
+				}
+				else {
+					(void)rebind_ti;
+					string_view this_ti = usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name();
+					if (ti == this_ti) {
+						// direct match, return 1
+						return 1;
+					}
+					return type_unique_cast_bases<U>(types<>(), source_data, target_data, ti);
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename U, typename... Bases>
+			static int type_unique_cast_with(void* source_data, void* target_data, const string_view& ti, const string_view& rebind_ti) {
+				using uc_bases_t = types<Bases...>;
+				if constexpr (is_actual_type_rebindable_for_v<U>) {
+					using rebound_actual_type = unique_usertype_rebind_actual_t<U>;
+					using cond_bases_t = meta::conditional_t<std::is_void_v<rebound_actual_type>, types<>, uc_bases_t>;
+					string_view this_rebind_ti = usertype_traits<rebound_actual_type>::qualified_name();
+					if (rebind_ti != this_rebind_ti) {
+						// this is not even of the same unique type
+						return 0;
+					}
+					string_view this_ti = usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name();
+					if (ti == this_ti) {
+						// direct match, return 1
+						return 1;
+					}
+					return type_unique_cast_bases<U>(cond_bases_t(), source_data, target_data, ti);
+				}
+				else {
+					(void)rebind_ti;
+					string_view this_ti = usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name();
+					if (ti == this_ti) {
+						// direct match, return 1
+						return 1;
+					}
+					return type_unique_cast_bases<U>(types<>(), source_data, target_data, ti);
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		using inheritance_check_function = decltype(&inheritance<void>::type_check);
+		using inheritance_cast_function = decltype(&inheritance<void>::type_cast);
+		using inheritance_unique_cast_function = decltype(&inheritance<void>::type_unique_cast<void>);
+	} // namespace detail
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/inheritance.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/error_handler.hpp
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	namespace detail {
+		constexpr const char* not_a_number = "not a numeric type";
+		constexpr const char* not_a_number_or_number_string = "not a numeric type or numeric string";
+		constexpr const char* not_a_number_integral = "not a numeric type that fits exactly an integer (number maybe has significant decimals)";
+		constexpr const char* not_a_number_or_number_string_integral
+		     = "not a numeric type or a numeric string that fits exactly an integer (e.g. number maybe has significant decimals)";
+
+		constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space = "not enough space left on Lua stack";
+		constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_floating = "not enough space left on Lua stack for a floating point number";
+		constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_integral = "not enough space left on Lua stack for an integral number";
+		constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_string = "not enough space left on Lua stack for a string";
+		constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_meta_function_name = "not enough space left on Lua stack for the name of a meta_function";
+		constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_userdata = "not enough space left on Lua stack to create a sol2 userdata";
+		constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_generic = "not enough space left on Lua stack to push valuees";
+		constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_environment = "not enough space left on Lua stack to retrieve environment";
+		constexpr const char* protected_function_error = "caught (...) unknown error during protected_function call";
+
+		inline void accumulate_and_mark(const std::string& n, std::string& aux_message, int& marker) {
+			if (marker > 0) {
+				aux_message += ", ";
+			}
+			aux_message += n;
+			++marker;
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	inline std::string associated_type_name(lua_State* L, int index, type t) {
+		switch (t) {
+		case type::poly:
+			return "anything";
+		case type::userdata: {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "not enough space to push get the type name");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 0) {
+				break;
+			}
+			lua_pushlstring(L, "__name", 6);
+			lua_rawget(L, -2);
+			size_t sz;
+			const char* name = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &sz);
+			std::string tn(name, static_cast<std::string::size_type>(sz));
+			lua_pop(L, 2);
+			return tn;
+		}
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+		return lua_typename(L, static_cast<int>(t));
+	}
+
+	inline int push_type_panic_string(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, string_view message, string_view aux_message) noexcept {
+		const char* err = message.size() == 0
+		     ? (aux_message.size() == 0 ? "stack index %d, expected %s, received %s" : "stack index %d, expected %s, received %s: %s")
+		     : "stack index %d, expected %s, received %s: %s %s";
+		const char* type_name = expected == type::poly ? "anything" : lua_typename(L, static_cast<int>(expected));
+		{
+			std::string actual_name = associated_type_name(L, index, actual);
+			lua_pushfstring(L, err, index, type_name, actual_name.c_str(), message.data(), aux_message.data());
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	inline int type_panic_string(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, string_view message = "") noexcept(false) {
+		push_type_panic_string(L, index, expected, actual, message, "");
+		return lua_error(L);
+	}
+
+	inline int type_panic_c_str(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, const char* message = nullptr) noexcept(false) {
+		push_type_panic_string(L, index, expected, actual, message == nullptr ? "" : message, "");
+		return lua_error(L);
+	}
+
+	struct type_panic_t {
+		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual) const noexcept(false) {
+			return type_panic_c_str(L, index, expected, actual, nullptr);
+		}
+		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, string_view message) const noexcept(false) {
+			return type_panic_c_str(L, index, expected, actual, message.data());
+		}
+	};
+
+	const type_panic_t type_panic = {};
+
+	struct constructor_handler {
+		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, string_view message) const noexcept(false) {
+			push_type_panic_string(L, index, expected, actual, message, "(type check failed in constructor)");
+			return lua_error(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename F = void>
+	struct argument_handler {
+		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, string_view message) const noexcept(false) {
+			push_type_panic_string(L, index, expected, actual, message, "(bad argument to variable or function call)");
+			return lua_error(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename R, typename... Args>
+	struct argument_handler<types<R, Args...>> {
+		int operator()(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual, string_view message) const noexcept(false) {
+			{
+				std::string aux_message = "(bad argument into '";
+				aux_message += detail::demangle<R>();
+				aux_message += "(";
+				int marker = 0;
+				(void)detail::swallow { int(), (detail::accumulate_and_mark(detail::demangle<Args>(), aux_message, marker), int())... };
+				aux_message += ")')";
+				push_type_panic_string(L, index, expected, actual, message, aux_message);
+			}
+			return lua_error(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	// Specify this function as the handler for lua::check if you know there's nothing wrong
+	inline int no_panic(lua_State*, int, type, type, const char* = nullptr) noexcept {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	inline void type_error(lua_State* L, int expected, int actual) noexcept(false) {
+		luaL_error(L, "expected %s, received %s", lua_typename(L, expected), lua_typename(L, actual));
+	}
+
+	inline void type_error(lua_State* L, type expected, type actual) noexcept(false) {
+		type_error(L, static_cast<int>(expected), static_cast<int>(actual));
+	}
+
+	inline void type_assert(lua_State* L, int index, type expected, type actual) noexcept(false) {
+		if (expected != type::poly && expected != actual) {
+			type_panic_c_str(L, index, expected, actual, nullptr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	inline void type_assert(lua_State* L, int index, type expected) {
+		type actual = type_of(L, index);
+		type_assert(L, index, expected, actual);
+	}
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/error_handler.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/reference.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_reference.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		inline bool xmovable(lua_State* leftL, lua_State* rightL) {
+			if (rightL == nullptr || leftL == nullptr || leftL == rightL) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			const void* leftregistry = lua_topointer(leftL, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+			const void* rightregistry = lua_topointer(rightL, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+			return leftregistry == rightregistry;
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	class stateless_stack_reference {
+	private:
+		friend class stack_reference;
+
+		int m_index = 0;
+
+		int registry_index() const noexcept {
+			return LUA_NOREF;
+		}
+
+	public:
+		stateless_stack_reference() noexcept = default;
+		stateless_stack_reference(lua_nil_t) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference() {};
+		stateless_stack_reference(lua_State* L_, int index_) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference(absolute_index(L_, index_)) {
+		}
+		stateless_stack_reference(lua_State*, absolute_index index_) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference(index_) {
+		}
+		stateless_stack_reference(lua_State*, raw_index index_) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference(index_) {
+		}
+		stateless_stack_reference(absolute_index index_) noexcept : m_index(index_) {
+		}
+		stateless_stack_reference(raw_index index_) noexcept : m_index(index_) {
+		}
+		stateless_stack_reference(lua_State*, ref_index) noexcept = delete;
+		stateless_stack_reference(ref_index) noexcept = delete;
+		stateless_stack_reference(const reference&) noexcept = delete;
+		stateless_stack_reference(const stateless_stack_reference&) noexcept = default;
+		stateless_stack_reference(stateless_stack_reference&& o) noexcept = default;
+		stateless_stack_reference& operator=(stateless_stack_reference&&) noexcept = default;
+		stateless_stack_reference& operator=(const stateless_stack_reference&) noexcept = default;
+
+		int push(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L_, 1, "not enough Lua stack space to push a single reference value");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushvalue(L_, m_index);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		void pop(lua_State* L_, int pop_count = 1) const noexcept {
+			lua_pop(L_, pop_count);
+		}
+
+		int stack_index() const noexcept {
+			return m_index;
+		}
+
+		const void* pointer(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			const void* pointer_id = lua_topointer(L_, stack_index());
+			return pointer_id;
+		}
+
+		type get_type(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			int untyped_value = lua_type(L_, stack_index());
+			return static_cast<type>(untyped_value);
+		}
+
+		bool valid(lua_State* L) const noexcept {
+			type t = get_type(L);
+			return t != type::lua_nil && t != type::none;
+		}
+
+		void reset(lua_State*) noexcept {
+			m_index = 0;
+		}
+
+		void reset(lua_State* L_, int index_) noexcept {
+			m_index = absolute_index(L_, index_);
+		}
+
+		void abandon(lua_State* = nullptr) noexcept {
+			m_index = 0;
+		}
+
+		stateless_stack_reference copy(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			return stateless_stack_reference(L_, raw_index(m_index));
+		}
+
+		void copy_assign(lua_State*, const stateless_stack_reference& right) noexcept {
+			m_index = right.m_index;
+		}
+
+		bool equals(lua_State* L_, const stateless_stack_reference& r) const noexcept {
+			return lua_compare(L_, this->stack_index(), r.stack_index(), LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+		}
+
+		bool equals(lua_State* L_, lua_nil_t) const noexcept {
+			return valid(L_);
+		}
+	};
+
+	class stack_reference : public stateless_stack_reference {
+	private:
+		lua_State* luastate = nullptr;
+
+	public:
+		stack_reference() noexcept = default;
+		stack_reference(lua_nil_t) noexcept : stack_reference() {};
+		stack_reference(lua_State* L, lua_nil_t) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference(L, 0), luastate(L) {
+		}
+		stack_reference(lua_State* L, int i) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference(L, i), luastate(L) {
+		}
+		stack_reference(lua_State* L, absolute_index i) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference(L, i), luastate(L) {
+		}
+		stack_reference(lua_State* L, raw_index i) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference(L, i), luastate(L) {
+		}
+		stack_reference(lua_State* L, ref_index i) noexcept = delete;
+		stack_reference(lua_State* L, const reference& r) noexcept = delete;
+		stack_reference(lua_State* L, const stack_reference& r) noexcept : luastate(L) {
+			if (!r.valid()) {
+				m_index = 0;
+				return;
+			}
+			int i = r.stack_index();
+			if (detail::xmovable(lua_state(), r.lua_state())) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough Lua stack space to push a single reference value");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				lua_pushvalue(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index());
+				lua_xmove(r.lua_state(), luastate, 1);
+				i = absolute_index(luastate, -1);
+			}
+			m_index = i;
+		}
+		stack_reference(stack_reference&& o) noexcept = default;
+		stack_reference& operator=(stack_reference&&) noexcept = default;
+		stack_reference(const stack_reference&) noexcept = default;
+		stack_reference& operator=(const stack_reference&) noexcept = default;
+
+		int push() const noexcept {
+			return push(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		int push(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			return stateless_stack_reference::push(L_);
+		}
+
+		void pop() const noexcept {
+			pop(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		void pop(lua_State* L_, int pop_count_ = 1) const noexcept {
+			stateless_stack_reference::pop(L_, pop_count_);
+		}
+
+		const void* pointer() const noexcept {
+			return stateless_stack_reference::pointer(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		type get_type() const noexcept {
+			return stateless_stack_reference::get_type(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return luastate;
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const noexcept {
+			return stateless_stack_reference::valid(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		void abandon() {
+			stateless_stack_reference::abandon(lua_state());
+		}
+	};
+
+	inline bool operator==(const stack_reference& l, const stack_reference& r) {
+		return lua_compare(l.lua_state(), l.stack_index(), r.stack_index(), LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator!=(const stack_reference& l, const stack_reference& r) {
+		return !operator==(l, r);
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator==(const stack_reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) {
+		return !lhs.valid();
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator==(const lua_nil_t&, const stack_reference& rhs) {
+		return !rhs.valid();
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator!=(const stack_reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) {
+		return lhs.valid();
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator!=(const lua_nil_t&, const stack_reference& rhs) {
+		return rhs.valid();
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator==(const stateless_stack_reference& l, const stateless_stack_reference& r) {
+		return l.stack_index() == r.stack_index();
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator!=(const stateless_stack_reference& l, const stateless_stack_reference& r) {
+		return l.stack_index() != r.stack_index();
+	}
+
+	struct stateless_stack_reference_equals {
+		using is_transparent = std::true_type;
+
+		stateless_stack_reference_equals(lua_State* L_) noexcept : m_L(L_) {
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return m_L;
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(const stateless_stack_reference& lhs, const stateless_stack_reference& rhs) const {
+			return lhs.equals(lua_state(), rhs);
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(lua_nil_t lhs, const stateless_stack_reference& rhs) const {
+			return rhs.equals(lua_state(), lhs);
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(const stateless_stack_reference& lhs, lua_nil_t rhs) const {
+			return lhs.equals(lua_state(), rhs);
+		}
+
+	private:
+		lua_State* m_L;
+	};
+
+	struct stack_reference_equals {
+		using is_transparent = std::true_type;
+
+		bool operator()(const lua_nil_t& lhs, const stack_reference& rhs) const {
+			return lhs == rhs;
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(const stack_reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t& rhs) const {
+			return lhs == rhs;
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(const stack_reference& lhs, const stack_reference& rhs) const {
+			return lhs == rhs;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct stateless_stack_reference_hash {
+		using argument_type = stateless_stack_reference;
+		using result_type = std::size_t;
+		using is_transparent = std::true_type;
+
+		stateless_stack_reference_hash(lua_State* L_) noexcept : m_L(L_) {
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return m_L;
+		}
+
+		result_type operator()(const argument_type& lhs) const noexcept {
+			std::hash<const void*> h;
+			return h(lhs.pointer(lua_state()));
+		}
+
+	private:
+		lua_State* m_L;
+	};
+
+	struct stack_reference_hash {
+		using argument_type = stack_reference;
+		using result_type = std::size_t;
+		using is_transparent = std::true_type;
+
+		result_type operator()(const argument_type& lhs) const noexcept {
+			std::hash<const void*> h;
+			return h(lhs.pointer());
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/stack_reference.hpp
+
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		inline const char (&default_main_thread_name())[9] {
+			static const char name[9] = "sol.\xF0\x9F\x93\x8C";
+			return name;
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace stack {
+		inline void remove(lua_State* L_, int rawindex, int count) {
+			if (count < 1)
+				return;
+			int top = lua_gettop(L_);
+			if (top < 1) {
+				return;
+			}
+			if (rawindex == -count || top == rawindex) {
+				// Slice them right off the top
+				lua_pop(L_, static_cast<int>(count));
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// Remove each item one at a time using stack operations
+			// Probably slower, maybe, haven't benchmarked,
+			// but necessary
+			int index = lua_absindex(L_, rawindex);
+			if (index < 0) {
+				index = lua_gettop(L_) + (index + 1);
+			}
+			int last = index + count;
+			for (int i = index; i < last; ++i) {
+				lua_remove(L_, index);
+			}
+		}
+
+		struct push_popper_at {
+			lua_State* L;
+			int index;
+			int count;
+			push_popper_at(lua_State* L_, int index_ = -1, int count_ = 1) : L(L_), index(index_), count(count_) {
+			}
+			~push_popper_at() {
+				remove(L, index, count);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <bool top_level>
+		struct push_popper_n {
+			lua_State* L;
+			int pop_count;
+			push_popper_n(lua_State* L_, int pop_count_) : L(L_), pop_count(pop_count_) {
+			}
+			push_popper_n(const push_popper_n&) = delete;
+			push_popper_n(push_popper_n&&) = default;
+			push_popper_n& operator=(const push_popper_n&) = delete;
+			push_popper_n& operator=(push_popper_n&&) = default;
+			~push_popper_n() {
+				lua_pop(L, pop_count);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct push_popper_n<true> {
+			push_popper_n(lua_State*, int) {
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <bool, typename T, typename = void>
+		struct push_popper {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			T m_object;
+			int m_index;
+
+			push_popper(T object_) noexcept : m_object(object_), m_index(lua_absindex(m_object.lua_state(), -m_object.push())) {
+			}
+
+			int index_of(const Tu&) const noexcept {
+				return m_index;
+			}
+
+			~push_popper() {
+				m_object.pop();
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename C>
+		struct push_popper<true, T, C> {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+
+			push_popper(T) noexcept {
+			}
+
+			int index_of(const Tu&) const noexcept {
+				return -1;
+			}
+
+			~push_popper() {
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct push_popper<false, T, std::enable_if_t<is_stack_based_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+
+			push_popper(T) noexcept {
+			}
+
+			int index_of(const Tu& object_) const noexcept {
+				return object_.stack_index();
+			}
+
+			~push_popper() {
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <bool, typename T, typename = void>
+		struct stateless_push_popper {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			lua_State* m_L;
+			T m_object;
+			int m_index;
+
+			stateless_push_popper(lua_State* L_, T object_) noexcept : m_L(L_), m_object(object_), m_index(lua_absindex(m_L, -m_object.push(m_L))) {
+			}
+
+			int index_of(const Tu&) const noexcept {
+				return m_index;
+			}
+
+			~stateless_push_popper() {
+				m_object.pop(m_L);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename C>
+		struct stateless_push_popper<true, T, C> {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+
+			stateless_push_popper(lua_State*, T) noexcept {
+			}
+
+			int index_of(lua_State*, const Tu&) const noexcept {
+				return -1;
+			}
+
+			~stateless_push_popper() {
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct stateless_push_popper<false, T, std::enable_if_t<is_stack_based_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			lua_State* m_L;
+
+			stateless_push_popper(lua_State* L_, T) noexcept : m_L(L_) {
+			}
+
+			int index_of(const Tu& object_) const noexcept {
+				return object_.stack_index();
+			}
+
+			~stateless_push_popper() {
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <bool top_level = false, typename T>
+		push_popper<top_level, T> push_pop(T&& x) {
+			return push_popper<top_level, T>(std::forward<T>(x));
+		}
+
+		template <bool top_level = false, typename T>
+		stateless_push_popper<top_level, T> push_pop(lua_State* L_, T&& object_) {
+			return stateless_push_popper<top_level, T>(L_, std::forward<T>(object_));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		push_popper_at push_pop_at(T&& object_) {
+			int push_count = object_.push();
+			lua_State* L = object_.lua_state();
+			return push_popper_at(L, lua_absindex(L, -push_count), push_count);
+		}
+
+		template <bool top_level = false>
+		push_popper_n<top_level> pop_n(lua_State* L_, int pop_count_) {
+			return push_popper_n<top_level>(L_, pop_count_);
+		}
+	} // namespace stack
+
+	inline lua_State* main_thread(lua_State* L_, lua_State* backup_if_unsupported_ = nullptr) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ < 502
+		if (L_ == nullptr)
+			return backup_if_unsupported_;
+		lua_getglobal(L_, detail::default_main_thread_name());
+		auto pp = stack::pop_n(L_, 1);
+		if (type_of(L_, -1) == type::thread) {
+			return lua_tothread(L_, -1);
+		}
+		return backup_if_unsupported_;
+#else
+		if (L_ == nullptr)
+			return backup_if_unsupported_;
+		lua_rawgeti(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD);
+		lua_State* Lmain = lua_tothread(L_, -1);
+		lua_pop(L_, 1);
+		return Lmain;
+#endif // Lua 5.2+ has the main thread unqualified_getter
+	}
+
+	namespace detail {
+		struct no_safety_tag {
+		} inline constexpr no_safety {};
+
+		template <bool b>
+		inline lua_State* pick_main_thread(lua_State* L_, lua_State* backup_if_unsupported = nullptr) {
+			(void)L_;
+			(void)backup_if_unsupported;
+			if (b) {
+				return main_thread(L_, backup_if_unsupported);
+			}
+			return L_;
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	class stateless_reference {
+	private:
+		template <bool o_main_only>
+		friend class basic_reference;
+
+		int ref = LUA_NOREF;
+
+		int copy_ref(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			if (ref == LUA_NOREF)
+				return LUA_NOREF;
+			push(L_);
+			return luaL_ref(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+
+		lua_State* copy_assign_ref(lua_State* L_, lua_State* rL, const stateless_reference& r) {
+			if (valid(L_)) {
+				deref(L_);
+			}
+			ref = r.copy_ref(L_);
+			return rL;
+		}
+
+		lua_State* move_assign(lua_State* L_, lua_State* rL, stateless_reference&& r) {
+			if (valid(L_)) {
+				deref(L_);
+			}
+			ref = r.ref;
+			r.ref = LUA_NOREF;
+			return rL;
+		}
+
+	protected:
+		int stack_index() const noexcept {
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		stateless_reference(lua_State* L_, global_tag_t) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L_, 1, "not enough Lua stack space to push this reference value");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushglobaltable(L_);
+			ref = luaL_ref(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+
+		stateless_reference(int raw_ref_index) noexcept : ref(raw_ref_index) {
+		}
+
+	public:
+		stateless_reference() noexcept = default;
+		stateless_reference(lua_nil_t) noexcept : stateless_reference() {
+		}
+		stateless_reference(const stack_reference& r) noexcept : stateless_reference(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		stateless_reference(stack_reference&& r) noexcept : stateless_reference(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		stateless_reference(lua_State* L_, const stateless_reference& r) noexcept {
+			if (r.ref == LUA_REFNIL) {
+				ref = LUA_REFNIL;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (r.ref == LUA_NOREF || L_ == nullptr) {
+				ref = LUA_NOREF;
+				return;
+			}
+			ref = r.copy_ref(L_);
+		}
+
+		stateless_reference(lua_State* L_, stateless_reference&& r) noexcept {
+			if (r.ref == LUA_REFNIL) {
+				ref = LUA_REFNIL;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (r.ref == LUA_NOREF || L_ == nullptr) {
+				ref = LUA_NOREF;
+				return;
+			}
+			ref = r.ref;
+			r.ref = LUA_NOREF;
+		}
+
+		stateless_reference(lua_State* L_, const stack_reference& r) noexcept {
+			if (L_ == nullptr || r.lua_state() == nullptr || r.get_type() == type::none) {
+				ref = LUA_NOREF;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (r.get_type() == type::lua_nil) {
+				ref = LUA_REFNIL;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (L_ != r.lua_state() && !detail::xmovable(L_, r.lua_state())) {
+				return;
+			}
+			r.push(L_);
+			ref = luaL_ref(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+
+		stateless_reference(lua_State* L_, const stateless_stack_reference& r) noexcept : stateless_reference(L_, r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+
+		stateless_reference(lua_State* L_, int index = -1) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L_, 1, "not enough Lua stack space to push this reference value");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushvalue(L_, index);
+			ref = luaL_ref(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+		stateless_reference(lua_State* L_, absolute_index index_) noexcept : stateless_reference(L_, index_.index) {
+		}
+		stateless_reference(lua_State* L_, ref_index index_) noexcept {
+			lua_rawgeti(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, index_.index);
+			ref = luaL_ref(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+		stateless_reference(lua_State*, lua_nil_t) noexcept {
+		}
+
+		~stateless_reference() noexcept = default;
+
+		stateless_reference(const stateless_reference& o) noexcept = delete;
+		stateless_reference& operator=(const stateless_reference& r) noexcept = delete;
+
+		stateless_reference(stateless_reference&& o) noexcept : ref(o.ref) {
+			o.ref = LUA_NOREF;
+		}
+
+		stateless_reference& operator=(stateless_reference&& o) noexcept {
+			ref = o.ref;
+			o.ref = LUA_NOREF;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		int push(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L_, 1, "not enough Lua stack space to push this reference value");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_rawgeti(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		void pop(lua_State* L_, int n = 1) const noexcept {
+			lua_pop(L_, n);
+		}
+
+		int registry_index() const noexcept {
+			return ref;
+		}
+
+		void reset(lua_State* L_) noexcept {
+			if (valid(L_)) {
+				deref(L_);
+			}
+			ref = LUA_NOREF;
+		}
+
+		void reset(lua_State* L_, int index_) noexcept {
+			reset(L_);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L_, 1, "not enough Lua stack space to push this reference value");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushvalue(L_, index_);
+			ref = luaL_ref(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+
+		bool valid(lua_State*) const noexcept {
+			return !(ref == LUA_NOREF || ref == LUA_REFNIL);
+		}
+
+		const void* pointer(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			int si = push(L_);
+			const void* vp = lua_topointer(L_, -si);
+			lua_pop(L_, si);
+			return vp;
+		}
+
+		type get_type(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			int p = push(L_);
+			int result = lua_type(L_, -1);
+			pop(L_, p);
+			return static_cast<type>(result);
+		}
+
+		void abandon(lua_State* = nullptr) {
+			ref = LUA_NOREF;
+		}
+
+		void deref(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			luaL_unref(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref);
+		}
+
+		stateless_reference copy(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			if (!valid(L_)) {
+				return {};
+			}
+			return stateless_reference(copy_ref(L_));
+		}
+
+		void copy_assign(lua_State* L_, const stateless_reference& right) noexcept {
+			if (valid(L_)) {
+				deref(L_);
+			}
+			if (!right.valid(L_)) {
+				return;
+			}
+			ref = right.copy_ref(L_);
+		}
+
+		bool equals(lua_State* L_, const stateless_reference& r) const noexcept {
+			auto ppl = stack::push_pop(L_, *this);
+			auto ppr = stack::push_pop(L_, r);
+			return lua_compare(L_, -1, -2, LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+		}
+
+		bool equals(lua_State* L_, const stateless_stack_reference& r) const noexcept {
+			auto ppl = stack::push_pop(L_, *this);
+			return lua_compare(L_, -1, r.stack_index(), LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+		}
+
+		bool equals(lua_State* L_, lua_nil_t) const noexcept {
+			return valid(L_);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <bool main_only = false>
+	class basic_reference : public stateless_reference {
+	private:
+		template <bool o_main_only>
+		friend class basic_reference;
+		lua_State* luastate = nullptr; // non-owning
+
+		template <bool r_main_only>
+		void copy_assign_complex(const basic_reference<r_main_only>& r) {
+			if (valid()) {
+				deref();
+			}
+			if (r.ref == LUA_REFNIL) {
+				luastate = detail::pick_main_thread < main_only && !r_main_only > (r.lua_state(), r.lua_state());
+				ref = LUA_REFNIL;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (r.ref == LUA_NOREF) {
+				luastate = r.luastate;
+				ref = LUA_NOREF;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (detail::xmovable(lua_state(), r.lua_state())) {
+				r.push(lua_state());
+				ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+				return;
+			}
+			luastate = detail::pick_main_thread < main_only && !r_main_only > (r.lua_state(), r.lua_state());
+			ref = r.copy_ref();
+		}
+
+		template <bool r_main_only>
+		void move_assign(basic_reference<r_main_only>&& r) {
+			if (valid()) {
+				deref();
+			}
+			if (r.ref == LUA_REFNIL) {
+				luastate = detail::pick_main_thread < main_only && !r_main_only > (r.lua_state(), r.lua_state());
+				ref = LUA_REFNIL;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (r.ref == LUA_NOREF) {
+				luastate = r.luastate;
+				ref = LUA_NOREF;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (detail::xmovable(lua_state(), r.lua_state())) {
+				r.push(lua_state());
+				ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			luastate = detail::pick_main_thread < main_only && !r_main_only > (r.lua_state(), r.lua_state());
+			ref = r.ref;
+			r.ref = LUA_NOREF;
+			r.luastate = nullptr;
+		}
+
+	protected:
+		basic_reference(lua_State* L_, global_tag_t) noexcept : basic_reference(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(L_, L_), global_tag, global_tag) {
+		}
+
+		basic_reference(lua_State* L_, global_tag_t, global_tag_t) noexcept : stateless_reference(L_, global_tag), luastate(L_) {
+		}
+
+		basic_reference(lua_State* oL, const basic_reference<!main_only>& o) noexcept : stateless_reference(oL, o), luastate(oL) {
+		}
+
+		void deref() const noexcept {
+			return stateless_reference::deref(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		int copy_ref() const noexcept {
+			return copy_ref(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		int copy_ref(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			return stateless_reference::copy_ref(L_);
+		}
+
+	public:
+		basic_reference() noexcept = default;
+		basic_reference(lua_nil_t) noexcept : basic_reference() {
+		}
+		basic_reference(const stack_reference& r) noexcept : basic_reference(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_reference(stack_reference&& r) noexcept : basic_reference(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		template <bool r_main_only>
+		basic_reference(lua_State* L_, const basic_reference<r_main_only>& r) noexcept : luastate(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(L_, L_)) {
+			if (r.ref == LUA_REFNIL) {
+				ref = LUA_REFNIL;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (r.ref == LUA_NOREF || lua_state() == nullptr) {
+				ref = LUA_NOREF;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (detail::xmovable(lua_state(), r.lua_state())) {
+				r.push(lua_state());
+				ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+				return;
+			}
+			ref = r.copy_ref();
+		}
+
+		template <bool r_main_only>
+		basic_reference(lua_State* L_, basic_reference<r_main_only>&& r) noexcept : luastate(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(L_, L_)) {
+			if (r.ref == LUA_REFNIL) {
+				ref = LUA_REFNIL;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (r.ref == LUA_NOREF || lua_state() == nullptr) {
+				ref = LUA_NOREF;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (detail::xmovable(lua_state(), r.lua_state())) {
+				r.push(lua_state());
+				ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+				return;
+			}
+			ref = r.ref;
+			r.ref = LUA_NOREF;
+			r.luastate = nullptr;
+		}
+
+		basic_reference(lua_State* L_, const stack_reference& r) noexcept : luastate(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(L_, L_)) {
+			if (lua_state() == nullptr || r.lua_state() == nullptr || r.get_type() == type::none) {
+				ref = LUA_NOREF;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (r.get_type() == type::lua_nil) {
+				ref = LUA_REFNIL;
+				return;
+			}
+			if (lua_state() != r.lua_state() && !detail::xmovable(lua_state(), r.lua_state())) {
+				return;
+			}
+			r.push(lua_state());
+			ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+		basic_reference(lua_State* L_, int index = -1) noexcept : luastate(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(L_, L_)) {
+			// use L_ to stick with that state's execution stack
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L_, 1, "not enough Lua stack space to push this reference value");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushvalue(L_, index);
+			ref = luaL_ref(L_, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+		basic_reference(lua_State* L_, ref_index index) noexcept : luastate(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(L_, L_)) {
+			lua_rawgeti(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, index.index);
+			ref = luaL_ref(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+		}
+		basic_reference(lua_State* L_, lua_nil_t) noexcept : luastate(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(L_, L_)) {
+		}
+
+		~basic_reference() noexcept {
+			if (lua_state() == nullptr || ref == LUA_NOREF)
+				return;
+			deref();
+		}
+
+		basic_reference(const basic_reference& o) noexcept : stateless_reference(o.copy_ref()), luastate(o.lua_state()) {
+		}
+
+		basic_reference(basic_reference&& o) noexcept : stateless_reference(std::move(o)), luastate(o.lua_state()) {
+			o.luastate = nullptr;
+		}
+
+		basic_reference(const basic_reference<!main_only>& o) noexcept
+		: basic_reference(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(o.lua_state(), o.lua_state()), o) {
+		}
+
+		basic_reference(basic_reference<!main_only>&& o) noexcept
+		: stateless_reference(std::move(o)), luastate(detail::pick_main_thread<main_only>(o.lua_state(), o.lua_state())) {
+			o.luastate = nullptr;
+			o.ref = LUA_NOREF;
+		}
+
+		basic_reference& operator=(basic_reference&& r) noexcept {
+			move_assign(std::move(r));
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		basic_reference& operator=(const basic_reference& r) noexcept {
+			copy_assign_complex(r);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		basic_reference& operator=(basic_reference<!main_only>&& r) noexcept {
+			move_assign(std::move(r));
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		basic_reference& operator=(const basic_reference<!main_only>& r) noexcept {
+			copy_assign_complex(r);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		basic_reference& operator=(const lua_nil_t&) noexcept {
+			reset();
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_reference& operator=(proxy_base<Super>&& r);
+
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_reference& operator=(const proxy_base<Super>& r);
+
+		int push() const noexcept {
+			return push(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		void reset() noexcept {
+			stateless_reference::reset(luastate);
+			luastate = nullptr;
+		}
+
+		int push(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L_, 1, "not enough Lua stack space to push this reference value");
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			if (lua_state() == nullptr) {
+				lua_pushnil(L_);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			lua_rawgeti(lua_state(), LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ref);
+			if (L_ != lua_state()) {
+				lua_xmove(lua_state(), L_, 1);
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		void pop() const noexcept {
+			pop(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		void pop(lua_State* L_, int n = 1) const noexcept {
+			stateless_reference::pop(L_, n);
+		}
+
+		int registry_index() const noexcept {
+			return stateless_reference::registry_index();
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const noexcept {
+			return stateless_reference::valid(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		bool valid(lua_State* L_) const noexcept {
+			return stateless_reference::valid(L_);
+		}
+
+		const void* pointer() const noexcept {
+			return stateless_reference::pointer(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+			return valid();
+		}
+
+		type get_type() const noexcept {
+			return stateless_reference::get_type(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return luastate;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <bool lb, bool rb>
+	inline bool operator==(const basic_reference<lb>& l, const basic_reference<rb>& r) noexcept {
+		auto ppl = stack::push_pop(l);
+		auto ppr = stack::push_pop(r);
+		return lua_compare(l.lua_state(), -1, -2, LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+	}
+
+	template <bool lb, bool rb>
+	inline bool operator!=(const basic_reference<lb>& l, const basic_reference<rb>& r) noexcept {
+		return !operator==(l, r);
+	}
+
+	template <bool lb>
+	inline bool operator==(const basic_reference<lb>& l, const stack_reference& r) noexcept {
+		auto ppl = stack::push_pop(l);
+		return lua_compare(l.lua_state(), -1, r.stack_index(), LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+	}
+
+	template <bool lb>
+	inline bool operator!=(const basic_reference<lb>& l, const stack_reference& r) noexcept {
+		return !operator==(l, r);
+	}
+
+	template <bool rb>
+	inline bool operator==(const stack_reference& l, const basic_reference<rb>& r) noexcept {
+		auto ppr = stack::push_pop(r);
+		return lua_compare(l.lua_state(), -1, r.stack_index(), LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+	}
+
+	template <bool rb>
+	inline bool operator!=(const stack_reference& l, const basic_reference<rb>& r) noexcept {
+		return !operator==(l, r);
+	}
+
+	template <bool lb>
+	inline bool operator==(const basic_reference<lb>& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) noexcept {
+		return !lhs.valid();
+	}
+
+	template <bool rb>
+	inline bool operator==(const lua_nil_t&, const basic_reference<rb>& rhs) noexcept {
+		return !rhs.valid();
+	}
+
+	template <bool lb>
+	inline bool operator!=(const basic_reference<lb>& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) noexcept {
+		return lhs.valid();
+	}
+
+	template <bool rb>
+	inline bool operator!=(const lua_nil_t&, const basic_reference<rb>& rhs) noexcept {
+		return rhs.valid();
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator==(const stateless_reference& l, const stateless_reference& r) noexcept {
+		return l.registry_index() == r.registry_index();
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator!=(const stateless_reference& l, const stateless_reference& r) noexcept {
+		return l.registry_index() != r.registry_index();
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator==(const stateless_reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) noexcept {
+		return lhs.registry_index() == LUA_REFNIL;
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator==(const lua_nil_t&, const stateless_reference& rhs) noexcept {
+		return rhs.registry_index() == LUA_REFNIL;
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator!=(const stateless_reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t&) noexcept {
+		return lhs.registry_index() != LUA_REFNIL;
+	}
+
+	inline bool operator!=(const lua_nil_t&, const stateless_reference& rhs) noexcept {
+		return rhs.registry_index() != LUA_REFNIL;
+	}
+
+	struct stateless_reference_equals : public stateless_stack_reference_equals {
+		using is_transparent = std::true_type;
+
+		stateless_reference_equals(lua_State* L_) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference_equals(L_) {
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(const lua_nil_t& lhs, const stateless_reference& rhs) const noexcept {
+			return rhs.equals(lua_state(), lhs);
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(const stateless_reference& lhs, const lua_nil_t& rhs) const noexcept {
+			return lhs.equals(lua_state(), rhs);
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(const stateless_reference& lhs, const stateless_reference& rhs) const noexcept {
+			return lhs.equals(lua_state(), rhs);
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct reference_equals : public stack_reference_equals {
+		using is_transparent = std::true_type;
+
+		template <bool rb>
+		bool operator()(const lua_nil_t& lhs, const basic_reference<rb>& rhs) const noexcept {
+			return lhs == rhs;
+		}
+
+		template <bool lb>
+		bool operator()(const basic_reference<lb>& lhs, const lua_nil_t& rhs) const noexcept {
+			return lhs == rhs;
+		}
+
+		template <bool lb, bool rb>
+		bool operator()(const basic_reference<lb>& lhs, const basic_reference<rb>& rhs) const noexcept {
+			return lhs == rhs;
+		}
+
+		template <bool lb>
+		bool operator()(const basic_reference<lb>& lhs, const stack_reference& rhs) const noexcept {
+			return lhs == rhs;
+		}
+
+		template <bool rb>
+		bool operator()(const stack_reference& lhs, const basic_reference<rb>& rhs) const noexcept {
+			return lhs == rhs;
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct stateless_reference_hash : public stateless_stack_reference_hash {
+		using argument_type = stateless_reference;
+		using result_type = std::size_t;
+		using is_transparent = std::true_type;
+
+		stateless_reference_hash(lua_State* L_) noexcept : stateless_stack_reference_hash(L_) {
+		}
+
+		result_type operator()(const stateless_reference& lhs) const noexcept {
+			std::hash<const void*> h;
+			return h(lhs.pointer(lua_state()));
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct reference_hash : public stack_reference_hash {
+		using argument_type = reference;
+		using result_type = std::size_t;
+		using is_transparent = std::true_type;
+
+		template <bool lb>
+		result_type operator()(const basic_reference<lb>& lhs) const noexcept {
+			std::hash<const void*> h;
+			return h(lhs.pointer());
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/reference.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/tie.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_speshul : std::false_type { };
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct tie_size : std::tuple_size<T> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_tieable : std::integral_constant<bool, (::sol::tie_size<T>::value > 0)> { };
+
+	template <typename... Tn>
+	struct tie_t : public std::tuple<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<Tn>...> {
+	private:
+		typedef std::tuple<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<Tn>...> base_t;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		void set(std::false_type, T&& target) {
+			std::get<0>(*this) = std::forward<T>(target);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		void set(std::true_type, T&& target) {
+			typedef tie_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>> value_size;
+			typedef tie_size<std::tuple<Tn...>> tie_size;
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<(value_size::value < tie_size::value), value_size, tie_size> indices_size;
+			typedef std::make_index_sequence<indices_size::value> indices;
+			set_extra(detail::is_speshul<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(), indices(), std::forward<T>(target));
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
+		void set_extra(std::true_type, std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& target) {
+			using std::get;
+			(void)detail::swallow { 0, (get<I>(static_cast<base_t&>(*this)) = get<I>(types<Tn...>(), target), 0)..., 0 };
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
+		void set_extra(std::false_type, std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& target) {
+			using std::get;
+			(void)detail::swallow { 0, (get<I>(static_cast<base_t&>(*this)) = get<I>(target), 0)..., 0 };
+		}
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		tie_t& operator=(T&& value) {
+			typedef is_tieable<meta::unqualified_t<T>> tieable;
+			set(tieable(), std::forward<T>(value));
+			return *this;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Tn>
+	struct tie_size<tie_t<Tn...>> : std::tuple_size<std::tuple<Tn...>> { };
+
+	namespace adl_barrier_detail {
+		template <typename... Tn>
+		inline tie_t<std::remove_reference_t<Tn>...> tie(Tn&&... argn) {
+			return tie_t<std::remove_reference_t<Tn>...>(std::forward<Tn>(argn)...);
+		}
+	} // namespace adl_barrier_detail
+
+	using namespace adl_barrier_detail;
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/tie.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_guard.hpp
+
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		inline void stack_fail(int, int) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+			throw error(detail::direct_error, "imbalanced stack after operation finish");
+#else
+			// Lol, what do you want, an error printout? :3c
+			// There's no sane default here. The right way would be C-style abort(), and that's not acceptable, so
+			// hopefully someone will register their own stack_fail thing for the `fx` parameter of stack_guard.
+#endif // No Exceptions
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	struct stack_guard {
+		lua_State* L;
+		int top;
+		std::function<void(int, int)> on_mismatch;
+
+		stack_guard(lua_State* L) : stack_guard(L, lua_gettop(L)) {
+		}
+		stack_guard(lua_State* L, int top, std::function<void(int, int)> fx = detail::stack_fail) : L(L), top(top), on_mismatch(std::move(fx)) {
+		}
+		bool check_stack(int modification = 0) const {
+			int bottom = lua_gettop(L) + modification;
+			if (top == bottom) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			on_mismatch(top, bottom);
+			return false;
+		}
+		~stack_guard() {
+			check_stack();
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/stack_guard.hpp
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <bitset>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <string>
+#include <limits>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <optional>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		struct with_function_tag { };
+		struct as_reference_tag { };
+		template <typename T>
+		struct as_pointer_tag { };
+		template <typename T>
+		struct as_value_tag { };
+		template <typename T>
+		struct as_unique_tag { };
+		template <typename T>
+		struct as_table_tag { };
+
+		template <typename Tag>
+		inline constexpr bool is_tagged_v
+		     = meta::is_specialization_of_v<Tag,
+		            detail::
+		                 as_pointer_tag> || meta::is_specialization_of_v<Tag, as_value_tag> || meta::is_specialization_of_v<Tag, as_unique_tag> || meta::is_specialization_of_v<Tag, as_table_tag> || std::is_same_v<Tag, as_reference_tag> || std::is_same_v<Tag, with_function_tag>;
+
+		using lua_reg_table = luaL_Reg[64];
+
+		using unique_destructor = void (*)(void*);
+		using unique_tag = detail::inheritance_unique_cast_function;
+
+		inline void* alloc_newuserdata(lua_State* L, std::size_t bytesize) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 504
+			return lua_newuserdatauv(L, bytesize, 1);
+#else
+			return lua_newuserdata(L, bytesize);
+#endif
+		}
+
+		constexpr std::uintptr_t align(std::size_t alignment, std::uintptr_t ptr, std::size_t& space) {
+			// this handles arbitrary alignments...
+			// make this into a power-of-2-only?
+			// actually can't: this is a C++14-compatible framework,
+			// power of 2 alignment is C++17
+			std::uintptr_t offby = static_cast<std::uintptr_t>(ptr % alignment);
+			std::uintptr_t padding = (alignment - offby) % alignment;
+			ptr += padding;
+			space -= padding;
+			return ptr;
+		}
+
+		inline void* align(std::size_t alignment, void* ptr, std::size_t& space) {
+			return reinterpret_cast<void*>(align(alignment, reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(ptr), space));
+		}
+
+		constexpr std::uintptr_t align_one(std::size_t alignment, std::size_t size, std::uintptr_t ptr) {
+			std::size_t space = (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)();
+			return align(alignment, ptr, space) + size;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		constexpr std::size_t aligned_space_for(std::uintptr_t ptr) {
+			std::uintptr_t end = ptr;
+			((end = align_one(alignof(Args), sizeof(Args), end)), ...);
+			return static_cast<std::size_t>(end - ptr);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		constexpr std::size_t aligned_space_for() {
+			static_assert(sizeof...(Args) > 0);
+
+			constexpr std::size_t max_arg_alignment = (std::max)({ alignof(Args)... });
+			if constexpr (max_arg_alignment <= alignof(std::max_align_t)) {
+				// If all types are `good enough`, simply calculate alignment in case of the worst allocator
+				std::size_t worst_required_size = 0;
+				for (std::size_t ptr = 0; ptr < max_arg_alignment; ptr++) {
+					worst_required_size = (std::max)(worst_required_size, aligned_space_for<Args...>(ptr));
+				}
+				return worst_required_size;
+			}
+			else {
+				// For over-aligned types let's assume that every Arg in Args starts at the worst aligned address
+				return (aligned_space_for<Args>(0x1) + ...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline void* align_usertype_pointer(void* ptr) {
+			using use_align = std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of<void*>::value > 1)
+#endif
+			     >;
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				return ptr;
+			}
+			std::size_t space = (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)();
+			return align(std::alignment_of<void*>::value, ptr, space);
+		}
+
+		template <bool pre_aligned = false, bool pre_shifted = false>
+		void* align_usertype_unique_destructor(void* ptr) {
+			using use_align = std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of<unique_destructor>::value > 1)
+#endif
+			     >;
+			if (!pre_aligned) {
+				ptr = align_usertype_pointer(ptr);
+			}
+			if (!pre_shifted) {
+				ptr = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<char*>(ptr) + sizeof(void*));
+			}
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				return static_cast<void*>(static_cast<void**>(ptr) + 1);
+			}
+			std::size_t space = (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)();
+			return align(std::alignment_of<unique_destructor>::value, ptr, space);
+		}
+
+		template <bool pre_aligned = false, bool pre_shifted = false>
+		void* align_usertype_unique_tag(void* ptr) {
+			using use_align = std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of<unique_tag>::value > 1)
+#endif
+			     >;
+			if (!pre_aligned) {
+				ptr = align_usertype_unique_destructor(ptr);
+			}
+			if (!pre_shifted) {
+				ptr = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<char*>(ptr) + sizeof(unique_destructor));
+			}
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				return ptr;
+			}
+			std::size_t space = (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)();
+			return align(std::alignment_of<unique_tag>::value, ptr, space);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, bool pre_aligned = false, bool pre_shifted = false>
+		void* align_usertype_unique(void* ptr) {
+			typedef std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of_v<T> > 1)
+#endif
+			     >
+			     use_align;
+			if (!pre_aligned) {
+				ptr = align_usertype_unique_tag(ptr);
+			}
+			if (!pre_shifted) {
+				ptr = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<char*>(ptr) + sizeof(unique_tag));
+			}
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				return ptr;
+			}
+			std::size_t space = (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)();
+			return align(std::alignment_of_v<T>, ptr, space);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		void* align_user(void* ptr) {
+			typedef std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of_v<T> > 1)
+#endif
+			     >
+			     use_align;
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				return ptr;
+			}
+			std::size_t space = (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)();
+			return align(std::alignment_of_v<T>, ptr, space);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		T** usertype_allocate_pointer(lua_State* L) {
+			typedef std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of<T*>::value > 1)
+#endif
+			     >
+			     use_align;
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				T** pointerpointer = static_cast<T**>(alloc_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T*)));
+				return pointerpointer;
+			}
+			constexpr std::size_t initial_size = aligned_space_for<T*>();
+
+			std::size_t allocated_size = initial_size;
+			void* unadjusted = alloc_newuserdata(L, initial_size);
+			void* adjusted = align(std::alignment_of<T*>::value, unadjusted, allocated_size);
+			if (adjusted == nullptr) {
+				// trash allocator can burn in hell
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				// luaL_error(L, "if you are the one that wrote this allocator you should feel bad for doing a
+				// worse job than malloc/realloc and should go read some books, yeah?");
+				luaL_error(L, "cannot properly align memory for '%s'", detail::demangle<T*>().data());
+			}
+			return static_cast<T**>(adjusted);
+		}
+
+		inline bool attempt_alloc(lua_State* L, std::size_t ptr_align, std::size_t ptr_size, std::size_t value_align,
+		     std::size_t allocated_size, void*& pointer_adjusted, void*& data_adjusted) {
+			void* adjusted = alloc_newuserdata(L, allocated_size);
+			pointer_adjusted = align(ptr_align, adjusted, allocated_size);
+			if (pointer_adjusted == nullptr) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				return false;
+			}
+			// subtract size of what we're going to allocate there
+			allocated_size -= ptr_size;
+			adjusted = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<char*>(pointer_adjusted) + ptr_size);
+			data_adjusted = align(value_align, adjusted, allocated_size);
+			if (data_adjusted == nullptr) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				return false;
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		inline bool attempt_alloc_unique(lua_State* L, std::size_t ptr_align, std::size_t ptr_size, std::size_t real_align,
+		     std::size_t allocated_size, void*& pointer_adjusted, void*& dx_adjusted, void*& id_adjusted, void*& data_adjusted) {
+			void* adjusted = alloc_newuserdata(L, allocated_size);
+			pointer_adjusted = align(ptr_align, adjusted, allocated_size);
+			if (pointer_adjusted == nullptr) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				return false;
+			}
+			allocated_size -= ptr_size;
+
+			adjusted = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<char*>(pointer_adjusted) + ptr_size);
+			dx_adjusted = align(std::alignment_of_v<unique_destructor>, adjusted, allocated_size);
+			if (dx_adjusted == nullptr) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				return false;
+			}
+			allocated_size -= sizeof(unique_destructor);
+
+			adjusted = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<char*>(dx_adjusted) + sizeof(unique_destructor));
+
+			id_adjusted = align(std::alignment_of_v<unique_tag>, adjusted, allocated_size);
+			if (id_adjusted == nullptr) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				return false;
+			}
+			allocated_size -= sizeof(unique_tag);
+
+			adjusted = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<char*>(id_adjusted) + sizeof(unique_tag));
+			data_adjusted = align(real_align, adjusted, allocated_size);
+			if (data_adjusted == nullptr) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				return false;
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		T* usertype_allocate(lua_State* L) {
+			typedef std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of<T*>::value > 1 || std::alignment_of_v<T> > 1)
+#endif
+			     >
+			     use_align;
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				T** pointerpointer = static_cast<T**>(alloc_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T*) + sizeof(T)));
+				T*& pointerreference = *pointerpointer;
+				T* allocationtarget = reinterpret_cast<T*>(pointerpointer + 1);
+				pointerreference = allocationtarget;
+				return allocationtarget;
+			}
+
+			constexpr std::size_t initial_size = aligned_space_for<T*, T>();
+
+			void* pointer_adjusted;
+			void* data_adjusted;
+			bool result
+			     = attempt_alloc(L, std::alignment_of_v<T*>, sizeof(T*), std::alignment_of_v<T>, initial_size, pointer_adjusted, data_adjusted);
+			if (!result) {
+				if (pointer_adjusted == nullptr) {
+					luaL_error(L, "aligned allocation of userdata block (pointer section) for '%s' failed", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				else {
+					luaL_error(L, "aligned allocation of userdata block (data section) for '%s' failed", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+
+			T** pointerpointer = reinterpret_cast<T**>(pointer_adjusted);
+			T*& pointerreference = *pointerpointer;
+			T* allocationtarget = reinterpret_cast<T*>(data_adjusted);
+			pointerreference = allocationtarget;
+			return allocationtarget;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Real>
+		Real* usertype_unique_allocate(lua_State* L, T**& pref, unique_destructor*& dx, unique_tag*& id) {
+			typedef std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of<T*>::value > 1 || std::alignment_of<unique_tag>::value > 1 || std::alignment_of<unique_destructor>::value > 1
+			          || std::alignment_of<Real>::value > 1)
+#endif
+			     >
+			     use_align;
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				pref = static_cast<T**>(alloc_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T*) + sizeof(detail::unique_destructor) + sizeof(unique_tag) + sizeof(Real)));
+				dx = static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(static_cast<void*>(pref + 1));
+				id = static_cast<unique_tag*>(static_cast<void*>(dx + 1));
+				Real* mem = static_cast<Real*>(static_cast<void*>(id + 1));
+				return mem;
+			}
+
+			constexpr std::size_t initial_size = aligned_space_for<T*, unique_destructor, unique_tag, Real>();
+
+			void* pointer_adjusted = nullptr;
+			void* dx_adjusted = nullptr;
+			void* id_adjusted = nullptr;
+			void* data_adjusted = nullptr;
+			bool result = attempt_alloc_unique(L,
+			     std::alignment_of_v<T*>,
+			     sizeof(T*),
+			     std::alignment_of_v<Real>,
+			     initial_size,
+			     pointer_adjusted,
+			     dx_adjusted,
+			     id_adjusted,
+			     data_adjusted);
+			if (!result) {
+				if (pointer_adjusted == nullptr) {
+					luaL_error(L, "aligned allocation of userdata block (pointer section) for '%s' failed", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				else if (dx_adjusted == nullptr) {
+					luaL_error(L, "aligned allocation of userdata block (deleter section) for '%s' failed", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				else {
+					luaL_error(L, "aligned allocation of userdata block (data section) for '%s' failed", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+
+			pref = static_cast<T**>(pointer_adjusted);
+			dx = static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(dx_adjusted);
+			id = static_cast<unique_tag*>(id_adjusted);
+			Real* mem = static_cast<Real*>(data_adjusted);
+			return mem;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		T* user_allocate(lua_State* L) {
+			typedef std::integral_constant<bool,
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_ALIGN_MEMORY)
+			     false
+#else
+			     (std::alignment_of_v<T> > 1)
+#endif
+			     >
+			     use_align;
+			if (!use_align::value) {
+				T* pointer = static_cast<T*>(alloc_newuserdata(L, sizeof(T)));
+				return pointer;
+			}
+
+			constexpr std::size_t initial_size = aligned_space_for<T>();
+
+			std::size_t allocated_size = initial_size;
+			void* unadjusted = alloc_newuserdata(L, allocated_size);
+			void* adjusted = align(std::alignment_of_v<T>, unadjusted, allocated_size);
+			if (adjusted == nullptr) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				luaL_error(L, "cannot properly align memory for '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+			}
+			return static_cast<T*>(adjusted);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int usertype_alloc_destroy(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+			memory = align_usertype_pointer(memory);
+			T** pdata = static_cast<T**>(memory);
+			T* data = *pdata;
+			std::allocator<T> alloc {};
+			std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<T>>::destroy(alloc, data);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int unique_destroy(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+			memory = align_usertype_unique_destructor(memory);
+			unique_destructor& dx = *static_cast<unique_destructor*>(memory);
+			memory = align_usertype_unique_tag<true>(memory);
+			(dx)(memory);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int user_alloc_destroy(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+			void* aligned_memory = align_user<T>(memory);
+			T* typed_memory = static_cast<T*>(aligned_memory);
+			std::allocator<T> alloc;
+			std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<T>>::destroy(alloc, typed_memory);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Real>
+		void usertype_unique_alloc_destroy(void* memory) {
+			void* aligned_memory = align_usertype_unique<Real, true>(memory);
+			Real* typed_memory = static_cast<Real*>(aligned_memory);
+			std::allocator<Real> alloc;
+			std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<Real>>::destroy(alloc, typed_memory);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int cannot_destroy(lua_State* L) {
+			return luaL_error(L,
+			     "cannot call the destructor for '%s': it is either hidden (protected/private) or removed with '= "
+			     "delete' and thusly this type is being destroyed without properly destroying, invoking undefined "
+			     "behavior: please bind a usertype and specify a custom destructor to define the behavior properly",
+			     detail::demangle<T>().data());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		void reserve(T&, std::size_t) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Al>
+		void reserve(std::vector<T, Al>& vec, std::size_t hint) {
+			vec.reserve(hint);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Tr, typename Al>
+		void reserve(std::basic_string<T, Tr, Al>& str, std::size_t hint) {
+			str.reserve(hint);
+		}
+
+		inline bool property_always_true(meta_function) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		struct properties_enrollment_allowed {
+			int& times_through;
+			std::bitset<64>& properties;
+			automagic_enrollments& enrollments;
+
+			properties_enrollment_allowed(int& times_through_, std::bitset<64>& properties_, automagic_enrollments& enrollments_)
+			: times_through(times_through_), properties(properties_), enrollments(enrollments_) {
+			}
+
+			bool operator()(meta_function mf) const {
+				bool p = properties[static_cast<std::size_t>(mf)];
+				if (times_through > 0) {
+					return p;
+				}
+				switch (mf) {
+				case meta_function::length:
+					return enrollments.length_operator && !p;
+				case meta_function::pairs:
+					return enrollments.pairs_operator && !p;
+				case meta_function::call:
+					return enrollments.call_operator && !p;
+				case meta_function::less_than:
+					return enrollments.less_than_operator && !p;
+				case meta_function::less_than_or_equal_to:
+					return enrollments.less_than_or_equal_to_operator && !p;
+				case meta_function::equal_to:
+					return enrollments.equal_to_operator && !p;
+				default:
+					break;
+				}
+				return !p;
+			}
+		};
+
+		struct indexed_insert {
+			lua_reg_table& registration_table;
+			int& index;
+
+			indexed_insert(lua_reg_table& registration_table_, int& index_ref_) : registration_table(registration_table_), index(index_ref_) {
+			}
+			void operator()(meta_function meta_function_name_, lua_CFunction c_function_) {
+				registration_table[index] = luaL_Reg { to_string(meta_function_name_).c_str(), c_function_ };
+				++index;
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace stack {
+
+		template <typename T, bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename = void>
+		struct field_getter;
+		template <typename T, typename P, bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename = void>
+		struct probe_field_getter;
+
+		template <typename T, bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename = void>
+		struct field_setter;
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct unqualified_getter;
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct qualified_getter;
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct qualified_interop_getter;
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct unqualified_interop_getter;
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct popper;
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct unqualified_pusher;
+
+		template <typename T, type t, typename = void>
+		struct unqualified_checker;
+		template <typename T, type t, typename = void>
+		struct qualified_checker;
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct unqualified_check_getter;
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct qualified_check_getter;
+
+		struct probe {
+			bool success;
+			int levels;
+
+			probe(bool s, int l) : success(s), levels(l) {
+			}
+
+			operator bool() const {
+				return success;
+			};
+		};
+
+		struct record {
+			int last;
+			int used;
+
+			record() noexcept : last(), used() {
+			}
+			void use(int count) noexcept {
+				last = count;
+				used += count;
+			}
+		};
+
+		namespace stack_detail {
+			template <typename Function>
+			Function* get_function_pointer(lua_State*, int, record&) noexcept;
+			template <typename Function, typename Handler>
+			bool check_function_pointer(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) noexcept;
+		} // namespace stack_detail
+
+	} // namespace stack
+
+	namespace meta { namespace meta_detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		using adl_sol_lua_get_test_t = decltype(sol_lua_get(types<T>(), static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), -1, std::declval<stack::record&>()));
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using adl_sol_lua_interop_get_test_t
+			= decltype(sol_lua_interop_get(types<T>(), static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), -1, static_cast<void*>(nullptr), std::declval<stack::record&>()));
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using adl_sol_lua_check_test_t = decltype(sol_lua_check(types<T>(), static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), -1, &no_panic, std::declval<stack::record&>()));
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using adl_sol_lua_interop_check_test_t
+			= decltype(sol_lua_interop_check(types<T>(), static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), -1, type::none, &no_panic, std::declval<stack::record&>()));
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using adl_sol_lua_check_get_test_t
+			= decltype(sol_lua_check_get(types<T>(), static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), -1, &no_panic, std::declval<stack::record&>()));
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		using adl_sol_lua_push_test_t = decltype(sol_lua_push(static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), std::declval<Args>()...));
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		using adl_sol_lua_push_exact_test_t = decltype(sol_lua_push(types<T>(), static_cast<lua_State*>(nullptr), std::declval<Args>()...));
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_adl_sol_lua_get_v = meta::is_detected_v<adl_sol_lua_get_test_t, T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_adl_sol_lua_interop_get_v = meta::is_detected_v<adl_sol_lua_interop_get_test_t, T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_adl_sol_lua_check_v = meta::is_detected_v<adl_sol_lua_check_test_t, T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_adl_sol_lua_interop_check_v = meta::is_detected_v<adl_sol_lua_interop_check_test_t, T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_adl_sol_lua_check_get_v = meta::is_detected_v<adl_sol_lua_check_get_test_t, T>;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		inline constexpr bool is_adl_sol_lua_push_v = meta::is_detected_v<adl_sol_lua_push_test_t, Args...>;
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		inline constexpr bool is_adl_sol_lua_push_exact_v = meta::is_detected_v<adl_sol_lua_push_exact_test_t, T, Args...>;
+	}} // namespace meta::meta_detail
+
+	namespace stack {
+		namespace stack_detail {
+			constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space = "not enough space left on Lua stack";
+			constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_floating = "not enough space left on Lua stack for a floating point number";
+			constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_integral = "not enough space left on Lua stack for an integral number";
+			constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_string = "not enough space left on Lua stack for a string";
+			constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_meta_function_name = "not enough space left on Lua stack for the name of a meta_function";
+			constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_userdata = "not enough space left on Lua stack to create a sol2 userdata";
+			constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_generic = "not enough space left on Lua stack to push valuees";
+			constexpr const char* not_enough_stack_space_environment = "not enough space left on Lua stack to retrieve environment";
+
+			template <typename T>
+			struct strip {
+				typedef T type;
+			};
+			template <typename T>
+			struct strip<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
+				typedef T& type;
+			};
+			template <typename T>
+			struct strip<user<T>> {
+				typedef T& type;
+			};
+			template <typename T>
+			struct strip<non_null<T>> {
+				typedef T type;
+			};
+			template <typename T>
+			using strip_t = typename strip<T>::type;
+
+			template <typename C>
+			static int get_size_hint(C& c) {
+				return static_cast<int>(c.size());
+			}
+
+			template <typename V, typename Al>
+			static int get_size_hint(const std::forward_list<V, Al>&) {
+				// forward_list makes me sad
+				return static_cast<int>(32);
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			decltype(auto) unchecked_unqualified_get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+				if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_get_v<Tu>) {
+					return sol_lua_get(types<Tu>(), L, index, tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					unqualified_getter<Tu> g {};
+					return g.get(L, index, tracking);
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			decltype(auto) unchecked_get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_get_v<T>) {
+					return sol_lua_get(types<T>(), L, index, tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					qualified_getter<T> g {};
+					return g.get(L, index, tracking);
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			decltype(auto) unqualified_interop_get(lua_State* L, int index, void* unadjusted_pointer, record& tracking) {
+				using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+				if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_interop_get_v<Tu>) {
+					return sol_lua_interop_get(types<Tu>(), L, index, unadjusted_pointer, tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					(void)L;
+					(void)index;
+					(void)unadjusted_pointer;
+					(void)tracking;
+					using Ti = stack_detail::strip_t<Tu>;
+					return std::pair<bool, Ti*> { false, nullptr };
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			decltype(auto) interop_get(lua_State* L, int index, void* unadjusted_pointer, record& tracking) {
+				if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_interop_get_v<T>) {
+					return sol_lua_interop_get(types<T>(), L, index, unadjusted_pointer, tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					return unqualified_interop_get<T>(L, index, unadjusted_pointer, tracking);
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename T, typename Handler>
+			bool unqualified_interop_check(lua_State* L, int index, type index_type, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+				using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+				if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_interop_check_v<Tu>) {
+					return sol_lua_interop_check(types<Tu>(), L, index, index_type, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					(void)L;
+					(void)index;
+					(void)index_type;
+					(void)handler;
+					(void)tracking;
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename T, typename Handler>
+			bool interop_check(lua_State* L, int index, type index_type, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+				if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_interop_check_v<T>) {
+					return sol_lua_interop_check(types<T>(), L, index, index_type, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					return unqualified_interop_check<T>(L, index, index_type, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+			}
+
+			using undefined_method_func = void (*)(stack_reference);
+
+			struct undefined_metatable {
+				lua_State* L;
+				const char* key;
+				undefined_method_func on_new_table;
+
+				undefined_metatable(lua_State* l, const char* k, undefined_method_func umf) : L(l), key(k), on_new_table(umf) {
+				}
+
+				void operator()() const {
+					if (luaL_newmetatable(L, key) == 1) {
+						on_new_table(stack_reference(L, -1));
+					}
+					lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+				}
+			};
+		} // namespace stack_detail
+
+		inline bool maybe_indexable(lua_State* L, int index = -1) {
+			type t = type_of(L, index);
+			return t == type::userdata || t == type::table;
+		}
+
+		inline int top(lua_State* L) {
+			return lua_gettop(L);
+		}
+
+		inline bool is_main_thread(lua_State* L) {
+			int ismainthread = lua_pushthread(L);
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+			return ismainthread == 1;
+		}
+
+		inline void coroutine_create_guard(lua_State* L) {
+			if (is_main_thread(L)) {
+				return;
+			}
+			int stacksize = lua_gettop(L);
+			if (stacksize < 1) {
+				return;
+			}
+			if (type_of(L, 1) != type::function) {
+				return;
+			}
+			// well now we're screwed...
+			// we can clean the stack and pray it doesn't destroy anything?
+			lua_pop(L, stacksize);
+		}
+
+		inline void clear(lua_State* L, int table_index) {
+			lua_pushnil(L);
+			while (lua_next(L, table_index) != 0) {
+				// remove value
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				// duplicate key to protect form rawset
+				lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+				// push new value
+				lua_pushnil(L);
+				// table_index%[key] = nil
+				lua_rawset(L, table_index);
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline void clear(reference& r) {
+			auto pp = push_pop<false>(r);
+			int stack_index = pp.index_of(r);
+			clear(r.lua_state(), stack_index);
+		}
+
+		inline void clear(stack_reference& r) {
+			clear(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index());
+		}
+
+		inline void clear(lua_State* L_, stateless_reference& r) {
+			r.push(L_);
+			int stack_index = absolute_index(L_, -1);
+			clear(L_, stack_index);
+			r.pop(L_);
+		}
+
+		inline void clear(lua_State* L_, stateless_stack_reference& r) {
+			clear(L_, r.stack_index());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		int push(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_push_exact_v<T, T, Args...>) {
+				return sol_lua_push(types<T>(), L, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_push_exact_v<Tu, T, Args...>) {
+				return sol_lua_push(types<Tu>(), L, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_push_v<T, Args...>) {
+				return sol_lua_push(L, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				unqualified_pusher<Tu> p {};
+				return p.push(L, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// overload allows to use a pusher of a specific type, but pass in any kind of args
+		template <typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<T, Arg>::value>>
+		int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_push_exact_v<T, Arg, Args...>) {
+				return sol_lua_push(types<T>(), L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_push_exact_v<Tu, Arg, Args...>) {
+				return sol_lua_push(types<Tu>(), L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_push_v<Arg, Args...> && !detail::is_tagged_v<Tu>) {
+				return sol_lua_push(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				unqualified_pusher<Tu> p {};
+				return p.push(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		int push_userdata(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
+			using U = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			using Tr = meta::conditional_t<std::is_pointer_v<U>,
+			     detail::as_pointer_tag<std::remove_pointer_t<U>>,
+			     meta::conditional_t<is_unique_usertype_v<U>, detail::as_unique_tag<U>, detail::as_value_tag<U>>>;
+			return stack::push<Tr>(L, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+		int push_userdata(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+			using U = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			using Tr = meta::conditional_t<std::is_pointer_v<U>,
+			     detail::as_pointer_tag<std::remove_pointer_t<U>>,
+			     meta::conditional_t<is_unique_usertype_v<U>, detail::as_unique_tag<U>, detail::as_value_tag<U>>>;
+			return stack::push<Tr>(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		namespace stack_detail {
+
+			template <typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+			int push_reference(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+				// clang-format off
+				using use_reference_tag =
+				meta::all<
+					meta::neg<is_value_semantic_for_function<T>>
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_FUNCTION_CALL_VALUE_SEMANTICS)
+					, std::is_lvalue_reference<T>,
+					meta::neg<std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>,
+					meta::neg<is_lua_primitive<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>,
+					meta::neg<is_unique_usertype<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>
+#endif
+				>;
+				// clang-format on
+				using Tr = meta::conditional_t<use_reference_tag::value, detail::as_reference_tag, meta::unqualified_t<T>>;
+				return stack::push<Tr>(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+		} // namespace stack_detail
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		int push_reference(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
+			return stack_detail::push_reference<T>(L, std::forward<T>(t), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+		int push_reference(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+			return stack_detail::push_reference<T>(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		inline int multi_push(lua_State*) {
+			// do nothing
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		int multi_push(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
+			int pushcount = push(L, std::forward<T>(t));
+			void(detail::swallow { (pushcount += stack::push(L, std::forward<Args>(args)), 0)... });
+			return pushcount;
+		}
+
+		inline int multi_push_reference(lua_State*) {
+			// do nothing
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		int multi_push_reference(lua_State* L, T&& t, Args&&... args) {
+			int pushcount = stack::push_reference(L, std::forward<T>(t));
+			void(detail::swallow { (pushcount += stack::push_reference(L, std::forward<Args>(args)), 0)... });
+			return pushcount;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		bool unqualified_check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_check_v<Tu>) {
+				return sol_lua_check(types<Tu>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				unqualified_checker<Tu, lua_type_of_v<Tu>> c{};
+				return c.check(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		bool unqualified_check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return unqualified_check<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool unqualified_check(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+			auto handler = &no_panic;
+			return unqualified_check<T>(L, index, handler);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_check_v<T>) {
+				return sol_lua_check(types<T>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+				qualified_checker<T, lua_type_of_v<Tu>> c{};
+				return c.check(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return check<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool check(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+			auto handler = &no_panic;
+			return check<T>(L, index, handler);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		bool check_usertype(lua_State* L, int index, type, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			using detail_t = meta::conditional_t<std::is_pointer_v<T>, detail::as_pointer_tag<Tu>, detail::as_value_tag<Tu>>;
+			return check<detail_t>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		bool check_usertype(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			using detail_t = meta::conditional_t<std::is_pointer_v<T>, detail::as_pointer_tag<Tu>, detail::as_value_tag<Tu>>;
+			return check<detail_t>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		bool check_usertype(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return check_usertype<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool check_usertype(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+			auto handler = &no_panic;
+			return check_usertype<T>(L, index, handler);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		decltype(auto) unqualified_check_get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_check_get_v<T>) {
+				return sol_lua_check_get(types<T>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_check_get_v<Tu>) {
+				return sol_lua_check_get(types<Tu>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				unqualified_check_getter<Tu> cg {};
+				return cg.get(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		decltype(auto) unqualified_check_get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return unqualified_check_get<T>(L, index, handler, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) unqualified_check_get(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+			auto handler = &no_panic;
+			return unqualified_check_get<T>(L, index, handler);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		decltype(auto) check_get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_check_get_v<T>) {
+				return sol_lua_check_get(types<T>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				qualified_check_getter<T> cg {};
+				return cg.get(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Handler>
+		decltype(auto) check_get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return check_get<T>(L, index, handler, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) check_get(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+			auto handler = &no_panic;
+			return check_get<T>(L, index, handler);
+		}
+
+		namespace stack_detail {
+
+			template <typename Handler>
+			bool check_types(lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record&) {
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			template <typename T, typename... Args, typename Handler>
+			bool check_types(lua_State* L, int firstargument, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+				if (!stack::check<T>(L, firstargument + tracking.used, handler, tracking))
+					return false;
+				return check_types<Args...>(L, firstargument, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+
+			template <typename... Args, typename Handler>
+			bool check_types(types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+				return check_types<Args...>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+
+		} // namespace stack_detail
+
+		template <typename... Args, typename Handler>
+		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return stack_detail::check_types<Args...>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args, typename Handler>
+		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return multi_check<Args...>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		bool multi_check(lua_State* L, int index) {
+			return multi_check<Args...>(L, index);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		auto unqualified_get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) -> decltype(stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<T>(L, index, tracking)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_GETTER)
+			static constexpr bool is_op = meta::is_optional_v<T>;
+			if constexpr (is_op) {
+				return stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				if (is_lua_reference<T>::value) {
+					return stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+				}
+				auto op = unqualified_check_get<T>(L, index, type_panic_c_str, tracking);
+				return *std::move(op);
+			}
+#else
+			return stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+#endif
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) unqualified_get(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return unqualified_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		auto get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) -> decltype(stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_GETTER)
+			static constexpr bool is_op = meta::is_optional_v<T>;
+			if constexpr (is_op) {
+				return stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				if (is_lua_reference<T>::value) {
+					return stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+				}
+				auto op = check_get<T>(L, index, type_panic_c_str, tracking);
+				return *std::move(op);
+			}
+#else
+			return stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+#endif
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get_usertype(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			using UT = meta::conditional_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, detail::as_pointer_tag<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>, detail::as_value_tag<T>>;
+			return get<UT>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get_usertype(lua_State* L, int index = -lua_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>>) {
+			record tracking {};
+			return get_usertype<T>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) pop(lua_State* L) {
+			return popper<T> {}.pop(L);
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key>
+		void get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key) {
+			field_getter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw> {}.get(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key>
+		void get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex) {
+			field_getter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw> {}.get(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, typename Key>
+		void raw_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key) {
+			get_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, typename Key>
+		void raw_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex) {
+			get_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename C = detail::non_lua_nil_t, typename Key>
+		probe probe_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key) {
+			return probe_field_getter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, C, global, raw> {}.get(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename C = detail::non_lua_nil_t, typename Key>
+		probe probe_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex) {
+			return probe_field_getter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, C, global, raw> {}.get(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, typename C = detail::non_lua_nil_t, typename Key>
+		probe probe_raw_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key) {
+			return probe_get_field<global, true, C>(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, typename C = detail::non_lua_nil_t, typename Key>
+		probe probe_raw_get_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex) {
+			return probe_get_field<global, true, C>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key, typename Value>
+		void set_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value) {
+			field_setter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw> {}.set(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, bool raw = false, typename Key, typename Value>
+		void set_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
+			field_setter<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, global, raw> {}.set(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex);
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, typename Key, typename Value>
+		void raw_set_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value) {
+			set_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+		}
+
+		template <bool global = false, typename Key, typename Value>
+		void raw_set_field(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
+			set_field<global, true>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename F>
+		void modify_unique_usertype_as(const stack_reference& obj, F&& f) {
+			void* raw = lua_touserdata(obj.lua_state(), obj.stack_index());
+			void* ptr_memory = detail::align_usertype_pointer(raw);
+			void* uu_memory = detail::align_usertype_unique<T>(raw);
+			T& uu = *static_cast<T*>(uu_memory);
+			f(uu);
+			*static_cast<void**>(ptr_memory) = static_cast<void*>(detail::unique_get(obj.lua_state(), uu));
+		}
+
+		template <typename F>
+		void modify_unique_usertype(const stack_reference& obj, F&& f) {
+			using bt = meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>>;
+			using T = typename bt::template arg_at<0>;
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			modify_unique_usertype_as<Tu>(obj, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		namespace stack_detail {
+			template <typename T, typename Handler>
+			decltype(auto) check_get_arg(lua_State* L_, int index_, Handler&& handler_, record& tracking_) {
+				if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_check_access_v<T>) {
+					sol_lua_check_access(types<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(), L_, index_, tracking_);
+				}
+				return check_get<T>(L_, index_, std::forward<Handler>(handler_), tracking_);
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			decltype(auto) unchecked_get_arg(lua_State* L_, int index_, record& tracking_) {
+				if constexpr (meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_check_access_v<T>) {
+					sol_lua_check_access(types<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(), L_, index_, tracking_);
+				}
+				return unchecked_get<T>(L_, index_, tracking_);
+			}
+		} // namespace stack_detail
+
+	} // namespace stack
+
+	namespace detail {
+
+		template <typename T>
+		lua_CFunction make_destructor(std::true_type) {
+			if constexpr (is_unique_usertype_v<T>) {
+				return &unique_destroy<T>;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (!std::is_pointer_v<T>) {
+				return &usertype_alloc_destroy<T>;
+			}
+			else {
+				return &cannot_destroy<T>;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		lua_CFunction make_destructor(std::false_type) {
+			return &cannot_destroy<T>;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		lua_CFunction make_destructor() {
+			return make_destructor<T>(std::is_destructible<T>());
+		}
+
+		struct no_comp {
+			template <typename A, typename B>
+			bool operator()(A&&, B&&) const {
+				return false;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int is_check(lua_State* L) {
+			return stack::push(L, stack::check<T>(L, 1, &no_panic));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int member_default_to_string(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+			decltype(auto) ts = stack::get<T>(L, 1).to_string();
+			return stack::push(L, std::forward<decltype(ts)>(ts));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int member_default_to_string(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+			return luaL_error(L,
+			     "cannot perform to_string on '%s': no 'to_string' overload in namespace, 'to_string' member "
+			     "function, or operator<<(ostream&, ...) present",
+			     detail::demangle<T>().data());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int adl_default_to_string(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+			using namespace std;
+			decltype(auto) ts = to_string(stack::get<T>(L, 1));
+			return stack::push(L, std::forward<decltype(ts)>(ts));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int adl_default_to_string(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+			return member_default_to_string<T>(meta::supports_to_string_member<T>(), L);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int oss_default_to_string(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+			std::ostringstream oss;
+			oss << stack::unqualified_get<T>(L, 1);
+			return stack::push(L, oss.str());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int oss_default_to_string(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+			return adl_default_to_string<T>(meta::supports_adl_to_string<T>(), L);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int default_to_string(lua_State* L) {
+			return oss_default_to_string<T>(meta::supports_op_left_shift<std::ostream, T>(), L);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int default_size(lua_State* L) {
+			decltype(auto) self = stack::unqualified_get<T>(L, 1);
+			return stack::push(L, self.size());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Op>
+		int comparsion_operator_wrap(lua_State* L) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_void_v<T>) {
+				return stack::push(L, false);
+			}
+			else {
+				auto maybel = stack::unqualified_check_get<T>(L, 1);
+				if (!maybel) {
+					return stack::push(L, false);
+				}
+				auto mayber = stack::unqualified_check_get<T>(L, 2);
+				if (!mayber) {
+					return stack::push(L, false);
+				}
+				decltype(auto) l = *maybel;
+				decltype(auto) r = *mayber;
+				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<no_comp, Op>) {
+					std::equal_to<> op;
+					return stack::push(L, op(detail::ptr(l), detail::ptr(r)));
+				}
+				else {
+					if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::equal_to<>, Op> // clang-format hack
+					     || std::is_same_v<std::less_equal<>, Op>     //
+					     || std::is_same_v<std::less_equal<>, Op>) {  //
+						if (detail::ptr(l) == detail::ptr(r)) {
+							return stack::push(L, true);
+						}
+					}
+					Op op;
+					return stack::push(L, op(detail::deref(l), detail::deref(r)));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename IFx, typename Fx>
+		void insert_default_registrations(IFx&& ifx, Fx&& fx);
+
+		template <typename T, bool, bool>
+		struct get_is_primitive : is_lua_primitive<T> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct get_is_primitive<T, true, false>
+		: meta::neg<std::is_reference<decltype(sol_lua_get(types<T>(), nullptr, -1, std::declval<stack::record&>()))>> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct get_is_primitive<T, false, true>
+		: meta::neg<std::is_reference<decltype(sol_lua_get(types<meta::unqualified_t<T>>(), nullptr, -1, std::declval<stack::record&>()))>> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct get_is_primitive<T, true, true> : get_is_primitive<T, true, false> { };
+
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_proxy_primitive
+	: detail::get_is_primitive<T, meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_get_v<T>, meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_get_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> { };
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/stack_core.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_check.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_check_unqualified.hpp
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <functional>
+#include <utility>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <optional>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+#include <variant>
+#endif // variant shenanigans
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+	template <typename Handler>
+	bool loose_table_check(lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+		tracking.use(1);
+		type t = type_of(L_, index);
+		if (t == type::table) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		if (t != type::userdata) {
+			handler(L_, index, type::table, t, "value is not a table or a userdata that can behave like one");
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	namespace stack_detail {
+		inline bool impl_check_metatable(lua_State* L_, int index, const std::string& metakey, bool poptable) {
+			luaL_getmetatable(L_, &metakey[0]);
+			const type expectedmetatabletype = static_cast<type>(lua_type(L_, -1));
+			if (expectedmetatabletype != type::lua_nil) {
+				if (lua_rawequal(L_, -1, index) == 1) {
+					lua_pop(L_, 1 + static_cast<int>(poptable));
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			lua_pop(L_, 1);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, bool poptable = true>
+		inline bool check_metatable(lua_State* L_, int index = -2) {
+			return impl_check_metatable(L_, index, usertype_traits<T>::metatable(), poptable);
+		}
+
+		template <type expected, int (*check_func)(lua_State*, int)>
+		struct basic_check {
+			template <typename Handler>
+			static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				bool success = check_func(L_, index) == 1;
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, expected, type_of(L_, index), "");
+				}
+				return success;
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack_detail
+
+	template <typename T, typename>
+	struct unqualified_interop_checker {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State*, int, type, Handler&&, record&) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename>
+	struct qualified_interop_checker {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, type index_type, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return stack_detail::unqualified_interop_check<T>(L_, index, index_type, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, type expected, typename>
+	struct unqualified_checker {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, bool>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				bool success = lua_isboolean(L_, index) == 1;
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, expected, type_of(L_, index), "");
+				}
+				return success;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::any_same_v<T,
+				                   char
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+				                   ,
+				                   char8_t
+#endif
+				                   ,
+				                   char16_t,
+				                   char32_t>) {
+				return stack::check<std::basic_string<T>>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, lua_Integer>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+				// Lua 5.3 and greater checks for numeric precision
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS)
+				// imprecise, sloppy conversions
+				int isnum = 0;
+				lua_tointegerx(L_, index, &isnum);
+				const bool success = isnum != 0;
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, type_of(L_, index), detail::not_a_number_or_number_string_integral);
+				}
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS)
+				// this check is precise, do not convert
+				if (lua_isinteger(L_, index) == 1) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				const bool success = false;
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, type_of(L_, index), detail::not_a_number_integral);
+				}
+#else
+				// Numerics are neither safe nor string-convertible
+				type t = type_of(L_, index);
+				const bool success = t == type::number;
+#endif
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, type_of(L_, index), detail::not_a_number);
+				}
+				return success;
+#else
+				// Lua 5.2 and below checks
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS)
+				// must pre-check, because it will convert
+				type t = type_of(L_, index);
+				if (t != type::number) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, t, detail::not_a_number);
+					return false;
+				}
+#endif // Do not allow strings to be numbers
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS)
+				int isnum = 0;
+				const lua_Number v = lua_tonumberx(L_, index, &isnum);
+				const bool success = isnum != 0 && static_cast<lua_Number>(llround(v)) == v;
+#else
+				const bool success = true;
+#endif // Safe numerics and number precision checking
+				if (!success) {
+					// Use defines to provide a better error message!
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS)
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, type_of(L_, index), detail::not_a_number_or_number_string);
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS)
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, t, detail::not_a_number_or_number_string);
+#else
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, t, detail::not_a_number);
+#endif
+				}
+				return success;
+#endif
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, lua_Number>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STRINGS_ARE_NUMBERS)
+				bool success = lua_isnumber(L_, index) == 1;
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, type_of(L_, index), detail::not_a_number_or_number_string);
+				}
+				return success;
+#else
+				type t = type_of(L_, index);
+				bool success = t == type::number;
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, type::number, t, detail::not_a_number);
+				}
+				return success;
+#endif // Strings are Numbers
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::any_same_v<T, type, this_state, this_main_state, this_environment, variadic_args>) {
+				(void)L_;
+				(void)index;
+				(void)handler;
+				tracking.use(0);
+				return true;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (is_unique_usertype_v<T>) {
+				using element = unique_usertype_element_t<T>;
+				using actual = unique_usertype_actual_t<T>;
+				const type indextype = type_of(L_, index);
+				tracking.use(1);
+				if (indextype != type::userdata) {
+					handler(L_, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is not a userdata");
+					return false;
+				}
+				if (lua_getmetatable(L_, index) == 0) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				int metatableindex = lua_gettop(L_);
+				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<d::u<element>>(L_, metatableindex)) {
+					void* memory = lua_touserdata(L_, index);
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_destructor(memory);
+					detail::unique_destructor& pdx = *static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(memory);
+					bool success = &detail::usertype_unique_alloc_destroy<element, actual> == pdx;
+					if (!success) {
+						memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_tag<true>(memory);
+#if 0
+						// New version, one day
+#else
+						const char*& name_tag = *static_cast<const char**>(memory);
+						success = usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name() == name_tag;
+#endif
+						if (!success) {
+							handler(L_, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is a userdata but is not the correct unique usertype");
+						}
+					}
+					return success;
+				}
+				lua_pop(L_, 1);
+				handler(L_, index, type::userdata, indextype, "unrecognized userdata (not pushed by sol?)");
+				return false;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::any_same_v<T, lua_nil_t, std::nullopt_t, nullopt_t>) {
+				bool success = lua_isnil(L_, index);
+				if (success) {
+					tracking.use(1);
+					return success;
+				}
+				tracking.use(0);
+				success = lua_isnone(L_, index);
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, expected, type_of(L_, index), "");
+				}
+				return success;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, env_key_t>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				type t = type_of(L_, index);
+				if (t == type::table || t == type::none || t == type::lua_nil || t == type::userdata) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				handler(L_, index, type::table, t, "value cannot not have a valid environment");
+				return true;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, detail::non_lua_nil_t>) {
+				return !stack::unqualified_check<lua_nil_t>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, basic_lua_table>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				type t = type_of(L_, index);
+				if (t != type::table) {
+					handler(L_, index, type::table, t, "value is not a table");
+					return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, basic_bytecode>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				type t = type_of(L_, index);
+				if (t != type::function) {
+					handler(L_, index, type::function, t, "value is not a function that can be dumped");
+					return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, basic_environment>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				if (lua_getmetatable(L_, index) == 0) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				type t = type_of(L_, -1);
+				if (t == type::table || t == type::none || t == type::lua_nil) {
+					lua_pop(L_, 1);
+					return true;
+				}
+				if (t != type::userdata) {
+					lua_pop(L_, 1);
+					handler(L_, index, type::table, t, "value does not have a valid metatable");
+					return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, metatable_key_t>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				if (lua_getmetatable(L_, index) == 0) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				type t = type_of(L_, -1);
+				if (t == type::table || t == type::none || t == type::lua_nil) {
+					lua_pop(L_, 1);
+					return true;
+				}
+				if (t != type::userdata) {
+					lua_pop(L_, 1);
+					handler(L_, index, expected, t, "value does not have a valid metatable");
+					return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, luaL_Stream*> || std::is_same_v<T, luaL_Stream>) {
+				if (lua_getmetatable(L_, index) == 0) {
+					type t = type_of(L_, index);
+					handler(L_, index, expected, t, "value is not a valid luaL_Stream (has no metatable/is not a valid value)");
+					return false;
+				}
+				luaL_getmetatable(L_, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+				if (type_of(L_, index) != type::table) {
+					type t = type_of(L_, index);
+					lua_pop(L_, 1);
+					handler(L_,
+						index,
+						expected,
+						t,
+						"value is not a valid luaL_Stream (there is no metatable for luaL_Stream -- did you forget to "
+						"my_lua_state.open_libraries(sol::lib::state) or equivalent?)");
+					return false;
+				}
+				int is_stream_table = lua_compare(L_, -1, -2, LUA_OPEQ);
+				lua_pop(L_, 2);
+				if (is_stream_table == 0) {
+					type t = type_of(L_, index);
+					handler(L_, index, expected, t, "value is not a valid luaL_Stream (incorrect metatable)");
+					return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::is_optional_v<T>) {
+				using ValueType = typename T::value_type;
+				(void)handler;
+				type t = type_of(L_, index);
+				if (t == type::none) {
+					tracking.use(0);
+					return true;
+				}
+				if (t == type::lua_nil) {
+					tracking.use(1);
+					return true;
+				}
+				return stack::unqualified_check<ValueType>(L_, index, &no_panic, tracking);
+			}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+			else if constexpr (std::is_function_v<T> || (std::is_pointer_v<T> && std::is_function_v<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>)) {
+				return stack_detail::check_function_pointer<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+#endif
+			else if constexpr (expected == type::userdata) {
+				if constexpr (meta::any_same_v<T, userdata_value> || meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, basic_userdata>) {
+					tracking.use(1);
+					type t = type_of(L_, index);
+					bool success = t == type::userdata;
+					if (!success) {
+						// expected type, actual type
+						handler(L_, index, type::userdata, t, "");
+					}
+					return success;
+				}
+				else if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, user>) {
+					unqualified_checker<lightuserdata_value, type::userdata> c;
+					(void)c;
+					return c.check(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<T>) {
+						return check_usertype<T>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+					}
+					else if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<T, std::reference_wrapper>) {
+						using T_internal = typename T::type;
+						return stack::check<T_internal>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+					}
+					else {
+						return check_usertype<T>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			else if constexpr (expected == type::poly) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				bool success = is_lua_reference_v<T> || !lua_isnone(L_, index);
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, type::poly, type_of(L_, index), "");
+				}
+				return success;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (expected == type::lightuserdata) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				type t = type_of(L_, index);
+				bool success = t == type::userdata || t == type::lightuserdata;
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(L_, index, type::lightuserdata, t, "");
+				}
+				return success;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (expected == type::function) {
+				if constexpr (meta::any_same_v<T, lua_CFunction, std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>, c_closure>) {
+					tracking.use(1);
+					bool success = lua_iscfunction(L_, index) == 1;
+					if (!success) {
+						// expected type, actual type
+						handler(L_, index, expected, type_of(L_, index), "");
+					}
+					return success;
+				}
+				else {
+					tracking.use(1);
+					type t = type_of(L_, index);
+					if (t == type::lua_nil || t == type::none || t == type::function) {
+						// allow for lua_nil to be returned
+						return true;
+					}
+					if (t != type::userdata && t != type::table) {
+						handler(L_, index, type::function, t, "must be a function or table or a userdata");
+						return false;
+					}
+					// Do advanced check for call-style userdata?
+					static const auto& callkey = to_string(meta_function::call);
+					if (lua_getmetatable(L_, index) == 0) {
+						// No metatable, no __call key possible
+						handler(L_, index, type::function, t, "value is not a function and does not have overriden metatable");
+						return false;
+					}
+					if (lua_isnoneornil(L_, -1)) {
+						lua_pop(L_, 1);
+						handler(L_, index, type::function, t, "value is not a function and does not have valid metatable");
+						return false;
+					}
+					lua_getfield(L_, -1, &callkey[0]);
+					if (lua_isnoneornil(L_, -1)) {
+						lua_pop(L_, 2);
+						handler(L_, index, type::function, t, "value's metatable does not have __call overridden in metatable, cannot call this type");
+						return false;
+					}
+					// has call, is definitely a function
+					lua_pop(L_, 2);
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			else if constexpr (expected == type::table) {
+				return stack::loose_table_check(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				const type indextype = type_of(L_, index);
+				bool success = expected == indextype;
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type, message
+					handler(L_, index, expected, indextype, "");
+				}
+				return success;
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_checker<non_null<T>, type::userdata> : unqualified_checker<T, lua_type_of_v<T>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_checker<detail::as_value_tag<T>, type::userdata> {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			const type indextype = type_of(L_, index);
+			return check(types<T>(), L_, index, indextype, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename U, typename Handler>
+		static bool check(types<U>, lua_State* L_, int index, type indextype, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			if constexpr (
+				std::is_same_v<T,
+				     lightuserdata_value> || std::is_same_v<T, userdata_value> || std::is_same_v<T, userdata> || std::is_same_v<T, lightuserdata>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				if (indextype != type::userdata) {
+					handler(L_, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is not a valid userdata");
+					return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+			else {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_INTEROP)
+				if (stack_detail::interop_check<U>(L_, index, indextype, handler, tracking)) {
+					return true;
+				}
+#endif // interop extensibility
+				tracking.use(1);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+				if (lua_iscfunction(L_, index) != 0) {
+					// a potential match...
+					return true;
+				}
+#endif
+				if (indextype != type::userdata) {
+					handler(L_, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is not a valid userdata");
+					return false;
+				}
+				if (lua_getmetatable(L_, index) == 0) {
+					return true;
+				}
+				int metatableindex = lua_gettop(L_);
+				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<U>(L_, metatableindex))
+					return true;
+				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<U*>(L_, metatableindex))
+					return true;
+				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<d::u<U>>(L_, metatableindex))
+					return true;
+				if (stack_detail::check_metatable<as_container_t<U>>(L_, metatableindex))
+					return true;
+				bool success = false;
+				bool has_derived = derive<T>::value || weak_derive<T>::value;
+				if (has_derived) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+					luaL_checkstack(L_, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+					auto pn = stack::pop_n(L_, 1);
+					lua_pushstring(L_, &detail::base_class_check_key()[0]);
+					lua_rawget(L_, metatableindex);
+					if (type_of(L_, -1) != type::lua_nil) {
+						void* basecastdata = lua_touserdata(L_, -1);
+						detail::inheritance_check_function ic = reinterpret_cast<detail::inheritance_check_function>(basecastdata);
+						success = ic(usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name());
+					}
+				}
+				lua_pop(L_, 1);
+				if (!success) {
+					handler(L_, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value at this index does not properly reflect the desired type");
+					return false;
+				}
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_checker<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>, type::userdata> {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, type indextype, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			if (indextype == type::lua_nil) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				return true;
+			}
+			return check_usertype<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			const type indextype = type_of(L_, index);
+			return check(L_, index, indextype, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, std::size_t N, type expect>
+	struct unqualified_checker<exhaustive_until<T, N>, expect> {
+		template <typename K, typename V, typename Handler>
+		static bool check_two(types<K, V>, lua_State* arg_L, int relindex, type, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(arg_L, 3, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+
+			int index = lua_absindex(arg_L, relindex);
+			lua_pushnil(arg_L);
+			while (lua_next(arg_L, index) != 0) {
+				const bool is_key_okay = stack::check<K>(arg_L, -2, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				if (!is_key_okay) {
+					lua_pop(arg_L, 2);
+					return false;
+				}
+				const bool is_value_okay = stack::check<V>(arg_L, -1, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				if (!is_value_okay) {
+					lua_pop(arg_L, 2);
+					return false;
+				}
+				lua_pop(arg_L, 1);
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		template <typename V, typename Handler>
+		static bool check_one(types<V>, lua_State* arg_L, int relindex, type, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+
+			size_t index = lua_absindex(arg_L, relindex);
+			// Zzzz slower but necessary thanks to the lower version API and missing functions qq
+			std::size_t idx = 0;
+			int vi = 0;
+			for (lua_Integer i = 0;; (void)(i += lua_size<V>::value), lua_pop(arg_L, static_cast<int>(vi))) {
+				vi = 0;
+				if (idx >= N) {
+					return true;
+				}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(arg_L, 2, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				bool isnil = false;
+				for (; vi < static_cast<int>(lua_size<V>::value); ++vi) {
+					lua_pushinteger(arg_L, i);
+					lua_gettable(arg_L, static_cast<int>(index));
+					type vt = type_of(arg_L, -1);
+					isnil = vt == type::lua_nil;
+					if (isnil) {
+						if (i == 0) {
+							vi += 1;
+							goto loop_continue;
+						}
+						lua_pop(arg_L, static_cast<int>(vi + 1));
+						return true;
+					}
+				}
+				if (!stack::check<V>(arg_L, -lua_size<V>::value, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking)) {
+					lua_pop(arg_L, lua_size<V>::value);
+					return false;
+				}
+				++idx;
+			loop_continue:;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* arg_L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (is_container_v<Tu>) {
+				if constexpr (meta::is_associative<Tu>::value) {
+					typedef typename Tu::value_type P;
+					typedef typename P::first_type K;
+					typedef typename P::second_type V;
+					return check_two(types<K, V>(), arg_L, index, expect, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					typedef typename Tu::value_type V;
+					return check_one(types<V>(), arg_L, index, expect, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				unqualified_checker<Tu, expect> c {};
+				return c.check(arg_L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, type expect>
+	struct unqualified_checker<non_exhaustive<T>, expect> {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* arg_L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return stack::check<T>(arg_L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct unqualified_checker<std::tuple<Args...>, type::poly> {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return stack::multi_check<Args...>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename A, typename B>
+	struct unqualified_checker<std::pair<A, B>, type::poly> {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return stack::multi_check<A, B>(L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+
+	template <typename... Tn>
+	struct unqualified_checker<std::variant<Tn...>, type::poly> {
+		typedef std::variant<Tn...> V;
+		typedef std::variant_size<V> V_size;
+		typedef std::integral_constant<bool, V_size::value == 0> V_is_empty;
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool is_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0>, lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			if constexpr (V_is_empty::value) {
+				if (lua_isnone(L_, index)) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			tracking.use(1);
+			handler(L_, index, type::poly, type_of(L_, index), "value does not fit any type present in the variant");
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, typename Handler>
+		static bool is_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>, lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			typedef std::variant_alternative_t<I - 1, V> T;
+			record temp_tracking = tracking;
+			if (stack::check<T>(L_, index, &no_panic, temp_tracking)) {
+				tracking = temp_tracking;
+				return true;
+			}
+			return is_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I - 1>(), L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L_, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return is_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, V_size::value>(), L_, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+#endif // variant shenanigans
+
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_check_unqualified.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_check_qualified.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+
+	template <typename X, type expected, typename>
+	struct qualified_checker {
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static bool check(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			using no_cv_X = meta::unqualified_t<X>;
+			if constexpr (!std::is_reference_v<X> && is_unique_usertype_v<no_cv_X>) {
+				using element = unique_usertype_element_t<no_cv_X>;
+				if constexpr (is_actual_type_rebindable_for_v<no_cv_X>) {
+					using rebound_actual_type = unique_usertype_rebind_actual_t<no_cv_X>;
+					// we have a unique pointer type that can be
+					// rebound to a base/derived type
+					const type indextype = type_of(L, index);
+					tracking.use(1);
+					if (indextype != type::userdata) {
+						handler(L, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is not a userdata");
+						return false;
+					}
+					void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_destructor(memory);
+					detail::unique_destructor& pdx = *static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(memory);
+					if (&detail::usertype_unique_alloc_destroy<element, no_cv_X> == pdx) {
+						return true;
+					}
+					if constexpr (derive<element>::value) {
+						memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_tag<true, false>(memory);
+						detail::unique_tag& ic = *reinterpret_cast<detail::unique_tag*>(memory);
+						string_view ti = usertype_traits<element>::qualified_name();
+						string_view rebind_ti = usertype_traits<rebound_actual_type>::qualified_name();
+						if (ic(nullptr, nullptr, ti, rebind_ti) != 0) {
+							return true;
+						}
+					}
+					handler(L, index, type::userdata, indextype, "value is a userdata but is not the correct unique usertype");
+					return false;
+				}
+				else {
+					return stack::unqualified_check<X>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+			}
+			else if constexpr (!std::is_reference_v<X> && is_container_v<no_cv_X>) {
+				if (type_of(L, index) == type::userdata) {
+					return stack::unqualified_check<X>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					return stack::unqualified_check<nested<X>>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+				}
+			}
+			else if constexpr (!std::is_reference_v<X> && meta::is_specialization_of_v<X, nested>) {
+				using NestedX = typename meta::unqualified_t<X>::nested_type;
+				return stack::check<NestedX>(L, index, ::std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack::unqualified_check<X>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_check_qualified.hpp
+
+// end of sol/stack_check.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_get.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_get_unqualified.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/overload.hpp
+
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename... Functions>
+	struct overload_set {
+		std::tuple<Functions...> functions;
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<overload_set, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>> = meta::enabler>
+		overload_set(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : functions(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+		overload_set(const overload_set&) = default;
+		overload_set(overload_set&&) = default;
+		overload_set& operator=(const overload_set&) = default;
+		overload_set& operator=(overload_set&&) = default;
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	decltype(auto) overload(Args&&... args) {
+		return overload_set<std::decay_t<Args>...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/overload.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/unicode.hpp
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace sol {
+	// Everything here was lifted pretty much straight out of
+	// ogonek, because fuck figuring it out=
+	namespace unicode {
+		enum class error_code {
+			ok = 0,
+			invalid_code_point,
+			invalid_code_unit,
+			invalid_leading_surrogate,
+			invalid_trailing_surrogate,
+			sequence_too_short,
+			overlong_sequence,
+		};
+
+		inline const string_view& to_string(error_code ec) {
+			static const string_view storage[7] = { "ok",
+				"invalid code points",
+				"invalid code unit",
+				"invalid leading surrogate",
+				"invalid trailing surrogate",
+				"sequence too short",
+				"overlong sequence" };
+			return storage[static_cast<std::size_t>(ec)];
+		}
+
+		template <typename It>
+		struct decoded_result {
+			error_code error;
+			char32_t codepoint;
+			It next;
+		};
+
+		template <typename C>
+		struct encoded_result {
+			error_code error;
+			std::size_t code_units_size;
+			std::array<C, 4> code_units;
+		};
+
+		struct unicode_detail {
+			// codepoint related
+			static constexpr char32_t last_code_point = 0x10FFFF;
+
+			static constexpr char32_t first_lead_surrogate = 0xD800;
+			static constexpr char32_t last_lead_surrogate = 0xDBFF;
+
+			static constexpr char32_t first_trail_surrogate = 0xDC00;
+			static constexpr char32_t last_trail_surrogate = 0xDFFF;
+
+			static constexpr char32_t first_surrogate = first_lead_surrogate;
+			static constexpr char32_t last_surrogate = last_trail_surrogate;
+
+			static constexpr bool is_lead_surrogate(char32_t u) {
+				return u >= first_lead_surrogate && u <= last_lead_surrogate;
+			}
+			static constexpr bool is_trail_surrogate(char32_t u) {
+				return u >= first_trail_surrogate && u <= last_trail_surrogate;
+			}
+			static constexpr bool is_surrogate(char32_t u) {
+				return u >= first_surrogate && u <= last_surrogate;
+			}
+
+			// utf8 related
+			static constexpr auto last_1byte_value = 0x7Fu;
+			static constexpr auto last_2byte_value = 0x7FFu;
+			static constexpr auto last_3byte_value = 0xFFFFu;
+
+			static constexpr auto start_2byte_mask = 0x80u;
+			static constexpr auto start_3byte_mask = 0xE0u;
+			static constexpr auto start_4byte_mask = 0xF0u;
+
+			static constexpr auto continuation_mask = 0xC0u;
+			static constexpr auto continuation_signature = 0x80u;
+
+			static constexpr bool is_invalid(unsigned char b) {
+				return b == 0xC0 || b == 0xC1 || b > 0xF4;
+			}
+
+			static constexpr bool is_continuation(unsigned char b) {
+				return (b & unicode_detail::continuation_mask) == unicode_detail::continuation_signature;
+			}
+
+			static constexpr bool is_overlong(char32_t u, std::size_t bytes) {
+				return u <= unicode_detail::last_1byte_value || (u <= unicode_detail::last_2byte_value && bytes > 2)
+				     || (u <= unicode_detail::last_3byte_value && bytes > 3);
+			}
+
+			static constexpr int sequence_length(unsigned char b) {
+				return (b & start_2byte_mask) == 0                ? 1
+				     : (b & start_3byte_mask) != start_3byte_mask ? 2
+				     : (b & start_4byte_mask) != start_4byte_mask ? 3
+				                                                  : 4;
+			}
+
+			static constexpr char32_t decode(unsigned char b0, unsigned char b1) {
+				return (static_cast<char32_t>((b0 & 0x1Fu) << 6u) | static_cast<char32_t>(b1 & 0x3Fu));
+			}
+			static constexpr char32_t decode(unsigned char b0, unsigned char b1, unsigned char b2) {
+				return static_cast<char32_t>((b0 & 0x0Fu) << 12u) | static_cast<char32_t>((b1 & 0x3Fu) << 6u) | static_cast<char32_t>(b2 & 0x3Fu);
+			}
+			static constexpr char32_t decode(unsigned char b0, unsigned char b1, unsigned char b2, unsigned char b3) {
+				return static_cast<char32_t>(static_cast<char32_t>((b0 & 0x07u) << 18u) | static_cast<char32_t>((b1 & 0x3F) << 12)
+				     | static_cast<char32_t>((b2 & 0x3Fu) << 6u) | static_cast<char32_t>(b3 & 0x3Fu));
+			}
+
+			// utf16 related
+			static constexpr char32_t last_bmp_value = 0xFFFF;
+			static constexpr char32_t normalizing_value = 0x10000;
+			static constexpr int lead_surrogate_bitmask = 0xFFC00;
+			static constexpr int trail_surrogate_bitmask = 0x3FF;
+			static constexpr int lead_shifted_bits = 10;
+			static constexpr char32_t replacement = 0xFFFD;
+
+			static char32_t combine_surrogates(char16_t lead, char16_t trail) {
+				auto hi = lead - first_lead_surrogate;
+				auto lo = trail - first_trail_surrogate;
+				return normalizing_value + ((hi << lead_shifted_bits) | lo);
+			}
+		};
+
+		inline encoded_result<char> code_point_to_utf8(char32_t codepoint) {
+			encoded_result<char> er;
+			er.error = error_code::ok;
+			if (codepoint <= unicode_detail::last_1byte_value) {
+				er.code_units_size = 1;
+				er.code_units = std::array<char, 4> { { static_cast<char>(codepoint) } };
+			}
+			else if (codepoint <= unicode_detail::last_2byte_value) {
+				er.code_units_size = 2;
+				er.code_units = std::array<char, 4> { {
+					static_cast<char>(0xC0 | ((codepoint & 0x7C0) >> 6)),
+					static_cast<char>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)),
+				} };
+			}
+			else if (codepoint <= unicode_detail::last_3byte_value) {
+				er.code_units_size = 3;
+				er.code_units = std::array<char, 4> { {
+					static_cast<char>(0xE0 | ((codepoint & 0xF000) >> 12)),
+					static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0xFC0) >> 6)),
+					static_cast<char>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)),
+				} };
+			}
+			else {
+				er.code_units_size = 4;
+				er.code_units = std::array<char, 4> { {
+					static_cast<char>(0xF0 | ((codepoint & 0x1C0000) >> 18)),
+					static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F000) >> 12)),
+					static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0xFC0) >> 6)),
+					static_cast<char>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)),
+				} };
+			}
+			return er;
+		}
+
+		inline encoded_result<char16_t> code_point_to_utf16(char32_t codepoint) {
+			encoded_result<char16_t> er;
+
+			if (codepoint <= unicode_detail::last_bmp_value) {
+				er.code_units_size = 1;
+				er.code_units = std::array<char16_t, 4> { { static_cast<char16_t>(codepoint) } };
+				er.error = error_code::ok;
+			}
+			else {
+				auto normal = codepoint - unicode_detail::normalizing_value;
+				auto lead = unicode_detail::first_lead_surrogate + ((normal & unicode_detail::lead_surrogate_bitmask) >> unicode_detail::lead_shifted_bits);
+				auto trail = unicode_detail::first_trail_surrogate + (normal & unicode_detail::trail_surrogate_bitmask);
+				er.code_units = std::array<char16_t, 4> { { static_cast<char16_t>(lead), static_cast<char16_t>(trail) } };
+				er.code_units_size = 2;
+				er.error = error_code::ok;
+			}
+			return er;
+		}
+
+		inline encoded_result<char32_t> code_point_to_utf32(char32_t codepoint) {
+			encoded_result<char32_t> er;
+			er.code_units_size = 1;
+			er.code_units[0] = codepoint;
+			er.error = error_code::ok;
+			return er;
+		}
+
+		template <typename It>
+		inline decoded_result<It> utf8_to_code_point(It it, It last) {
+			decoded_result<It> dr;
+			if (it == last) {
+				dr.next = it;
+				dr.error = error_code::sequence_too_short;
+				return dr;
+			}
+
+			unsigned char b0 = static_cast<unsigned char>(*it);
+			std::size_t length = static_cast<std::size_t>(unicode_detail::sequence_length(b0));
+
+			if (length == 1) {
+				dr.codepoint = static_cast<char32_t>(b0);
+				dr.error = error_code::ok;
+				++it;
+				dr.next = it;
+				return dr;
+			}
+
+			if (unicode_detail::is_invalid(b0) || unicode_detail::is_continuation(b0)) {
+				dr.error = error_code::invalid_code_unit;
+				dr.next = it;
+				return dr;
+			}
+
+			++it;
+			std::array<unsigned char, 4> b;
+			b[0] = b0;
+			for (std::size_t i = 1; i < length; ++i) {
+				b[i] = static_cast<unsigned char>(*it);
+				if (!unicode_detail::is_continuation(b[i])) {
+					dr.error = error_code::invalid_code_unit;
+					dr.next = it;
+					return dr;
+				}
+				++it;
+			}
+
+			char32_t decoded;
+			switch (length) {
+			case 2:
+				decoded = unicode_detail::decode(b[0], b[1]);
+				break;
+			case 3:
+				decoded = unicode_detail::decode(b[0], b[1], b[2]);
+				break;
+			default:
+				decoded = unicode_detail::decode(b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3]);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (unicode_detail::is_overlong(decoded, length)) {
+				dr.error = error_code::overlong_sequence;
+				return dr;
+			}
+			if (unicode_detail::is_surrogate(decoded) || decoded > unicode_detail::last_code_point) {
+				dr.error = error_code::invalid_code_point;
+				return dr;
+			}
+
+			// then everything is fine
+			dr.codepoint = decoded;
+			dr.error = error_code::ok;
+			dr.next = it;
+			return dr;
+		}
+
+		template <typename It>
+		inline decoded_result<It> utf16_to_code_point(It it, It last) {
+			decoded_result<It> dr;
+			if (it == last) {
+				dr.next = it;
+				dr.error = error_code::sequence_too_short;
+				return dr;
+			}
+
+			char16_t lead = static_cast<char16_t>(*it);
+
+			if (!unicode_detail::is_surrogate(lead)) {
+				++it;
+				dr.codepoint = static_cast<char32_t>(lead);
+				dr.next = it;
+				dr.error = error_code::ok;
+				return dr;
+			}
+			if (!unicode_detail::is_lead_surrogate(lead)) {
+				dr.error = error_code::invalid_leading_surrogate;
+				dr.next = it;
+				return dr;
+			}
+
+			++it;
+			auto trail = *it;
+			if (!unicode_detail::is_trail_surrogate(trail)) {
+				dr.error = error_code::invalid_trailing_surrogate;
+				dr.next = it;
+				return dr;
+			}
+
+			dr.codepoint = unicode_detail::combine_surrogates(lead, trail);
+			dr.next = ++it;
+			dr.error = error_code::ok;
+			return dr;
+		}
+
+		template <typename It>
+		inline decoded_result<It> utf32_to_code_point(It it, It last) {
+			decoded_result<It> dr;
+			if (it == last) {
+				dr.next = it;
+				dr.error = error_code::sequence_too_short;
+				return dr;
+			}
+			dr.codepoint = static_cast<char32_t>(*it);
+			dr.next = ++it;
+			dr.error = error_code::ok;
+			return dr;
+		}
+	} // namespace unicode
+} // namespace sol
+// end of sol/unicode.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/abort.hpp
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEBUG_BUILD)
+	#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_ABORT() \
+			if (true) { ::std::abort(); } \
+			static_assert(true, "")
+	#else
+		#define SOL_DEBUG_ABORT() ::std::abort()
+	#endif
+#else
+	#define SOL_DEBUG_ABORT() static_assert(true, "")
+#endif
+
+// end of sol/abort.hpp
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <functional>
+#include <utility>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <string_view>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+#include <variant>
+#endif // Apple clang screwed up
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+
+	namespace stack_detail {
+		template <typename Ch>
+		struct count_code_units_utf {
+			std::size_t needed_size;
+
+			count_code_units_utf() : needed_size(0) {
+			}
+
+			void operator()(const unicode::encoded_result<Ch> er) {
+				needed_size += er.code_units_size;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename Ch, typename ErCh>
+		struct copy_code_units_utf {
+			Ch* target_;
+
+			copy_code_units_utf(Ch* target) : target_(target) {
+			}
+
+			void operator()(const unicode::encoded_result<ErCh> er) {
+				std::memcpy(target_, er.code_units.data(), er.code_units_size * sizeof(ErCh));
+				target_ += er.code_units_size;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename Ch, typename F>
+		inline void convert(const char* strb, const char* stre, F&& f) {
+			char32_t cp = 0;
+			for (const char* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
+				auto dr = unicode::utf8_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
+				if (dr.error != unicode::error_code::ok) {
+					cp = unicode::unicode_detail::replacement;
+					++strtarget;
+				}
+				else {
+					cp = dr.codepoint;
+					strtarget = dr.next;
+				}
+				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Ch, char32_t>) {
+					auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf32(cp);
+					f(er);
+				}
+				else {
+					auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf16(cp);
+					f(er);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename BaseCh, typename S>
+		inline S get_into(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			using Ch = typename S::value_type;
+			tracking.use(1);
+			size_t len;
+			auto utf8p = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
+			if (len < 1)
+				return S();
+			const char* strb = utf8p;
+			const char* stre = utf8p + len;
+			stack_detail::count_code_units_utf<BaseCh> count_units;
+			convert<BaseCh>(strb, stre, count_units);
+			S r(count_units.needed_size, static_cast<Ch>(0));
+			r.resize(count_units.needed_size);
+			Ch* target = &r[0];
+			stack_detail::copy_code_units_utf<Ch, BaseCh> copy_units(target);
+			convert<BaseCh>(strb, stre, copy_units);
+			return r;
+		}
+	} // namespace stack_detail
+
+	template <typename T, typename>
+	struct unqualified_getter {
+		static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, bool>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				return lua_toboolean(L, index) != 0;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<T>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				return static_cast<T>(lua_tointegerx(L, index, nullptr));
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, lua_Integer>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+				if (lua_isinteger(L, index) != 0) {
+					return static_cast<T>(lua_tointeger(L, index));
+				}
+#endif
+				return static_cast<T>(llround(lua_tonumber(L, index)));
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, lua_Number>) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				return static_cast<T>(lua_tonumber(L, index));
+			}
+			else if constexpr (is_lua_reference_v<T>) {
+				if constexpr (is_global_table_v<T>) {
+					tracking.use(1);
+					return T(L, global_tag);
+				}
+				else {
+					tracking.use(1);
+					return T(L, index);
+				}
+			}
+			else if constexpr (is_unique_usertype_v<T>) {
+				using actual = unique_usertype_actual_t<T>;
+
+				tracking.use(1);
+				void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
+				void* aligned_memory = detail::align_usertype_unique<actual>(memory);
+				actual* typed_memory = static_cast<actual*>(aligned_memory);
+				return *typed_memory;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::is_optional_v<T>) {
+				using ValueType = typename T::value_type;
+				return unqualified_check_getter<ValueType>::template get_using<T>(L, index, &no_panic, tracking);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, luaL_Stream*>) {
+				luaL_Stream* pstream = static_cast<luaL_Stream*>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
+				return pstream;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, luaL_Stream>) {
+				luaL_Stream* pstream = static_cast<luaL_Stream*>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
+				return *pstream;
+			}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+			else if constexpr (std::is_function_v<T> || (std::is_pointer_v<T> && std::is_function_v<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>)) {
+				return stack_detail::get_function_pointer<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+#endif
+			else {
+				return stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<detail::as_value_tag<T>>(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename X, typename>
+	struct qualified_getter {
+		static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<X>;
+			static constexpr bool is_maybe_userdata_of_some_kind
+				= !std::is_reference_v<
+				       X> && is_container_v<Tu> && std::is_default_constructible_v<Tu> && !is_lua_primitive_v<Tu> && !is_transparent_argument_v<Tu>;
+			if constexpr (is_maybe_userdata_of_some_kind) {
+				if (type_of(L, index) == type::userdata) {
+					return static_cast<Tu>(stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<Tu>(L, index, tracking));
+				}
+				else {
+					return stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<sol::nested<Tu>>(L, index, tracking);
+				}
+			}
+			else if constexpr (!std::is_reference_v<X> && is_unique_usertype_v<Tu> && !is_actual_type_rebindable_for_v<Tu>) {
+				using element = unique_usertype_element_t<Tu>;
+				using actual = unique_usertype_actual_t<Tu>;
+				tracking.use(1);
+				void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
+				memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_destructor(memory);
+				detail::unique_destructor& pdx = *static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(memory);
+				if (&detail::usertype_unique_alloc_destroy<element, Tu> == pdx) {
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_tag<true, false>(memory);
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique<actual, true, false>(memory);
+					actual* mem = static_cast<actual*>(memory);
+					return static_cast<actual>(*mem);
+				}
+				actual r {};
+				if constexpr (!derive<element>::value) {
+					// In debug mode we would rather abort you for this grave failure rather
+					// than let you deref a null pointer and fuck everything over
+					SOL_DEBUG_ABORT();
+					return static_cast<actual>(std::move(r));
+				}
+				else {
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_tag<true, false>(memory);
+					detail::unique_tag& ic = *reinterpret_cast<detail::unique_tag*>(memory);
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique<actual, true, false>(memory);
+					string_view ti = usertype_traits<element>::qualified_name();
+					int cast_operation;
+					if constexpr (is_actual_type_rebindable_for_v<Tu>) {
+						using rebound_actual_type = unique_usertype_rebind_actual_t<Tu, void>;
+						string_view rebind_ti = usertype_traits<rebound_actual_type>::qualified_name();
+						cast_operation = ic(memory, &r, ti, rebind_ti);
+					}
+					else {
+						string_view rebind_ti("");
+						cast_operation = ic(memory, &r, ti, rebind_ti);
+					}
+					switch (cast_operation) {
+					case 1: {
+						// it's a perfect match,
+						// alias memory directly
+						actual* mem = static_cast<actual*>(memory);
+						return static_cast<actual>(*mem);
+					}
+					case 2:
+						// it's a base match, return the
+						// aliased creation
+						return static_cast<actual>(std::move(r));
+					default:
+						// uh oh..
+						break;
+					}
+					SOL_DEBUG_ABORT();
+					return static_cast<actual>(r);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<Tu>(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<as_table_t<T>> {
+		using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+
+		template <typename V>
+		static void push_back_at_end(std::true_type, types<V>, lua_State* L, T& cont, std::size_t) {
+			cont.push_back(stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value));
+		}
+
+		template <typename V>
+		static void push_back_at_end(std::false_type, types<V> t, lua_State* L, T& cont, std::size_t idx) {
+			insert_at_end(meta::has_insert<Tu>(), t, L, cont, idx);
+		}
+
+		template <typename V>
+		static void insert_at_end(std::true_type, types<V>, lua_State* L, T& cont, std::size_t) {
+			using std::cend;
+			cont.insert(cend(cont), stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value));
+		}
+
+		template <typename V>
+		static void insert_at_end(std::false_type, types<V>, lua_State* L, T& cont, std::size_t idx) {
+			cont[idx] = stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value);
+		}
+
+		static bool max_size_check(std::false_type, T&, std::size_t) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		static bool max_size_check(std::true_type, T& cont, std::size_t idx) {
+			return idx >= std::size_t(cont.max_size());
+		}
+
+		static T get(lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
+			return get(meta::is_associative<Tu>(), L, relindex, tracking);
+		}
+
+		static T get(std::false_type, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
+			typedef typename Tu::value_type V;
+			return get(types<V>(), L, relindex, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename V>
+		static T get(types<V> t, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+
+			// the W4 flag is really great,
+			// so great that it can tell my for loops (twice nested)
+			// below never actually terminate
+			// without hitting where the gotos have infested
+
+			// so now I would get the error W4XXX unreachable
+			// me that the return cont at the end of this function
+			// which is fair until other compilers complain
+			// that there isn't a return and that based on
+			// SOME MAGICAL FORCE
+			// control flow falls off the end of a non-void function
+			// so it needs to be there for the compilers that are
+			// too flimsy to analyze the basic blocks...
+			// (I'm sure I should file a bug but those compilers are already
+			// in the wild; it doesn't matter if I fix them,
+			// someone else is still going to get some old-ass compiler
+			// and then bother me about the unclean build for the 30th
+			// time)
+
+			// "Why not an IIFE?"
+			// Because additional lambdas / functions which serve as
+			// capture-all-and-then-invoke bloat binary sizes
+			// by an actually detectable amount
+			// (one user uses sol2 pretty heavily and 22 MB of binary size
+			// was saved by reducing reliance on lambdas in templates)
+
+			// This would really be solved by having break N;
+			// be a real, proper thing...
+			// but instead, we have to use labels and gotos
+			// and earn the universal vitriol of the dogmatic
+			// programming community
+
+			// all in all: W4 is great!~
+
+			int index = lua_absindex(L, relindex);
+			T cont;
+			std::size_t idx = 0;
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+			// This method is HIGHLY performant over regular table iteration
+			// thanks to the Lua API changes in 5.3
+			// Questionable in 5.4
+			for (lua_Integer i = 0;; i += lua_size<V>::value) {
+				if (max_size_check(meta::has_max_size<Tu>(), cont, idx)) {
+					// see above comment
+					goto done;
+				}
+				bool isnil = false;
+				for (int vi = 0; vi < lua_size<V>::value; ++vi) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES) && SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 600
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+					luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+					lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(i + vi));
+					if (lua_keyin(L, index) == 0) {
+						// it's time to stop
+						isnil = true;
+					}
+					else {
+						// we have a key, have to get the value
+						lua_geti(L, index, i + vi);
+					}
+#else
+					type vt = static_cast<type>(lua_geti(L, index, i + vi));
+					isnil = vt == type::none || vt == type::lua_nil;
+#endif
+					if (isnil) {
+						if (i == 0) {
+							break;
+						}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES) && SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 600
+						lua_pop(L, vi);
+#else
+						lua_pop(L, (vi + 1));
+#endif
+						// see above comment
+						goto done;
+					}
+				}
+				if (isnil) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_LUA_NIL_IN_TABLES) && SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 600
+#else
+					lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value);
+#endif
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				push_back_at_end(meta::has_push_back<Tu>(), t, L, cont, idx);
+				++idx;
+				lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value);
+			}
+#else
+			// Zzzz slower but necessary thanks to the lower version API and missing functions qq
+			for (lua_Integer i = 0;; i += lua_size<V>::value, lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value)) {
+				if (idx >= cont.max_size()) {
+					// see above comment
+					goto done;
+				}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 2, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				bool isnil = false;
+				for (int vi = 0; vi < lua_size<V>::value; ++vi) {
+					lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+					lua_gettable(L, index);
+					type vt = type_of(L, -1);
+					isnil = vt == type::lua_nil;
+					if (isnil) {
+						if (i == 0) {
+							break;
+						}
+						lua_pop(L, (vi + 1));
+						// see above comment
+						goto done;
+					}
+				}
+				if (isnil)
+					continue;
+				push_back_at_end(meta::has_push_back<Tu>(), t, L, cont, idx);
+				++idx;
+			}
+#endif
+		done:
+			return cont;
+		}
+
+		static T get(std::true_type, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			typedef typename Tu::value_type P;
+			typedef typename P::first_type K;
+			typedef typename P::second_type V;
+			return get(types<K, V>(), L, index, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename K, typename V>
+		static T get(types<K, V>, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 3, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+
+			T associative;
+			int index = lua_absindex(L, relindex);
+			lua_pushnil(L);
+			while (lua_next(L, index) != 0) {
+				decltype(auto) key = stack::check_get<K>(L, -2);
+				if (!key) {
+					lua_pop(L, 1);
+					continue;
+				}
+				associative.emplace(std::forward<decltype(*key)>(*key), stack::get<V>(L, -1));
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+			}
+			return associative;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Al>
+	struct unqualified_getter<as_table_t<std::forward_list<T, Al>>> {
+		typedef std::forward_list<T, Al> C;
+
+		static C get(lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
+			return get(meta::has_key_value_pair<C>(), L, relindex, tracking);
+		}
+
+		static C get(std::true_type, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			typedef typename T::value_type P;
+			typedef typename P::first_type K;
+			typedef typename P::second_type V;
+			return get(types<K, V>(), L, index, tracking);
+		}
+
+		static C get(std::false_type, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
+			typedef typename C::value_type V;
+			return get(types<V>(), L, relindex, tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename V>
+		static C get(types<V>, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 3, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+
+			int index = lua_absindex(L, relindex);
+			C cont;
+			auto at = cont.cbefore_begin();
+			std::size_t idx = 0;
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+			// This method is HIGHLY performant over regular table iteration thanks to the Lua API changes in 5.3
+			for (lua_Integer i = 0;; i += lua_size<V>::value, lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value)) {
+				if (idx >= cont.max_size()) {
+					goto done;
+				}
+				bool isnil = false;
+				for (int vi = 0; vi < lua_size<V>::value; ++vi) {
+					type t = static_cast<type>(lua_geti(L, index, i + vi));
+					isnil = t == type::lua_nil;
+					if (isnil) {
+						if (i == 0) {
+							break;
+						}
+						lua_pop(L, (vi + 1));
+						goto done;
+					}
+				}
+				if (isnil)
+					continue;
+				at = cont.insert_after(at, stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value));
+				++idx;
+			}
+#else
+			// Zzzz slower but necessary thanks to the lower version API and missing functions qq
+			for (lua_Integer i = 0;; i += lua_size<V>::value, lua_pop(L, lua_size<V>::value)) {
+				if (idx >= cont.max_size()) {
+					goto done;
+				}
+				bool isnil = false;
+				for (int vi = 0; vi < lua_size<V>::value; ++vi) {
+					lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+					lua_gettable(L, index);
+					type t = type_of(L, -1);
+					isnil = t == type::lua_nil;
+					if (isnil) {
+						if (i == 0) {
+							break;
+						}
+						lua_pop(L, (vi + 1));
+						goto done;
+					}
+				}
+				if (isnil)
+					continue;
+				at = cont.insert_after(at, stack::get<V>(L, -lua_size<V>::value));
+				++idx;
+			}
+#endif
+		done:
+			return cont;
+		}
+
+		template <typename K, typename V>
+		static C get(types<K, V>, lua_State* L, int relindex, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 3, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+
+			C associative;
+			auto at = associative.cbefore_begin();
+			int index = lua_absindex(L, relindex);
+			lua_pushnil(L);
+			while (lua_next(L, index) != 0) {
+				decltype(auto) key = stack::check_get<K>(L, -2);
+				if (!key) {
+					lua_pop(L, 1);
+					continue;
+				}
+				at = associative.emplace_after(at, std::forward<decltype(*key)>(*key), stack::get<V>(L, -1));
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+			}
+			return associative;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<nested<T>> {
+		static T get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (is_container_v<Tu>) {
+				if constexpr (meta::is_associative<Tu>::value) {
+					typedef typename Tu::value_type P;
+					typedef typename P::first_type K;
+					typedef typename P::second_type V;
+					unqualified_getter<as_table_t<T>> g {};
+					return g.get(types<K, nested<V>>(), L, index, tracking);
+				}
+				else {
+					typedef typename Tu::value_type V;
+					unqualified_getter<as_table_t<T>> g {};
+					return g.get(types<nested<V>>(), L, index, tracking);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				unqualified_getter<Tu> g {};
+				return g.get(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<as_container_t<T>> {
+		static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return stack::unqualified_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<as_container_t<T>*> {
+		static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return stack::unqualified_get<T*>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<exhaustive<T>> {
+		static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* arg_L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return stack::get<T>(arg_L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<non_exhaustive<T>> {
+		static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* arg_L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return stack::get<T>(arg_L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<userdata_value> {
+		static userdata_value get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return userdata_value(lua_touserdata(L, index));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<lightuserdata_value> {
+		static lightuserdata_value get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return lightuserdata_value(lua_touserdata(L, index));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<light<T>> {
+		static light<T> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
+			return light<T>(static_cast<T*>(memory));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<user<T>> {
+		static std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
+			memory = detail::align_user<T>(memory);
+			return *static_cast<std::remove_reference_t<T>*>(memory);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<user<T*>> {
+		static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
+			memory = detail::align_user<T*>(memory);
+			return static_cast<T*>(memory);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<type> {
+		static type get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return static_cast<type>(lua_type(L, index));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::string> {
+		static std::string get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			std::size_t len;
+			auto str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
+			return std::string(str, len);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<const char*> {
+		static const char* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			size_t sz;
+			return lua_tolstring(L, index, &sz);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<char> {
+		static char get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			size_t len;
+			auto str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
+			return len > 0 ? str[0] : '\0';
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Traits>
+	struct unqualified_getter<basic_string_view<char, Traits>> {
+		static string_view get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			size_t sz;
+			const char* str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &sz);
+			return basic_string_view<char, Traits>(str, sz);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Traits, typename Al>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::basic_string<wchar_t, Traits, Al>> {
+		using S = std::basic_string<wchar_t, Traits, Al>;
+		static S get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			using Ch = meta::conditional_t<sizeof(wchar_t) == 2, char16_t, char32_t>;
+			return stack_detail::get_into<Ch, S>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Traits, typename Al>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::basic_string<char16_t, Traits, Al>> {
+		static std::basic_string<char16_t, Traits, Al> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return stack_detail::get_into<char16_t, std::basic_string<char16_t, Traits, Al>>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Traits, typename Al>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::basic_string<char32_t, Traits, Al>> {
+		static std::basic_string<char32_t, Traits, Al> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return stack_detail::get_into<char32_t, std::basic_string<char32_t, Traits, Al>>(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<char16_t> {
+		static char16_t get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			string_view utf8 = stack::get<string_view>(L, index, tracking);
+			const char* strb = utf8.data();
+			const char* stre = utf8.data() + utf8.size();
+			char32_t cp = 0;
+			auto dr = unicode::utf8_to_code_point(strb, stre);
+			if (dr.error != unicode::error_code::ok) {
+				cp = unicode::unicode_detail::replacement;
+			}
+			else {
+				cp = dr.codepoint;
+			}
+			auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf16(cp);
+			return er.code_units[0];
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<char32_t> {
+		static char32_t get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			string_view utf8 = stack::get<string_view>(L, index, tracking);
+			const char* strb = utf8.data();
+			const char* stre = utf8.data() + utf8.size();
+			char32_t cp = 0;
+			auto dr = unicode::utf8_to_code_point(strb, stre);
+			if (dr.error != unicode::error_code::ok) {
+				cp = unicode::unicode_detail::replacement;
+			}
+			else {
+				cp = dr.codepoint;
+			}
+			auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf32(cp);
+			return er.code_units[0];
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<wchar_t> {
+		static wchar_t get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<sizeof(wchar_t) == 2, char16_t, char32_t> Ch;
+			unqualified_getter<Ch> g;
+			(void)g;
+			auto c = g.get(L, index, tracking);
+			return static_cast<wchar_t>(c);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<meta_function> {
+		static meta_function get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			const char* name = unqualified_getter<const char*> {}.get(L, index, tracking);
+			const auto& mfnames = meta_function_names();
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < mfnames.size(); ++i)
+				if (mfnames[i] == name)
+					return static_cast<meta_function>(i);
+			return meta_function::construct;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<lua_nil_t> {
+		static lua_nil_t get(lua_State*, int, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return lua_nil;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::nullptr_t> {
+		static std::nullptr_t get(lua_State*, int, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<nullopt_t> {
+		static nullopt_t get(lua_State*, int, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<this_state> {
+		static this_state get(lua_State* L, int, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(0);
+			return this_state(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<this_main_state> {
+		static this_main_state get(lua_State* L, int, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(0);
+			return this_main_state(main_thread(L, L));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<lua_CFunction> {
+		static lua_CFunction get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return lua_tocfunction(L, index);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<c_closure> {
+		static c_closure get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return c_closure(lua_tocfunction(L, index), -1);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<error> {
+		static error get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			size_t sz = 0;
+			const char* err = lua_tolstring(L, index, &sz);
+			if (err == nullptr) {
+				return error(detail::direct_error, "");
+			}
+			return error(detail::direct_error, std::string(err, sz));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<void*> {
+		static void* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return lua_touserdata(L, index);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_getter<const void*> {
+		static const void* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			tracking.use(1);
+			return lua_touserdata(L, index);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> {
+		static T* get_no_lua_nil(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_INTEROP)
+			auto ugr = stack_detail::interop_get<T>(L, index, memory, tracking);
+			if (ugr.first) {
+				return ugr.second;
+			}
+#endif // interop extensibility
+			tracking.use(1);
+			void* rawdata = detail::align_usertype_pointer(memory);
+			void** pudata = static_cast<void**>(rawdata);
+			void* udata = *pudata;
+			return get_no_lua_nil_from(L, udata, index, tracking);
+		}
+
+		static T* get_no_lua_nil_from(lua_State* L, void* udata, int index, record&) {
+			bool has_derived = derive<T>::value || weak_derive<T>::value;
+			if (has_derived) {
+				if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 1) {
+					lua_getfield(L, -1, &detail::base_class_cast_key()[0]);
+					if (type_of(L, -1) != type::lua_nil) {
+						void* basecastdata = lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+						detail::inheritance_cast_function ic = reinterpret_cast<detail::inheritance_cast_function>(basecastdata);
+						// use the casting function to properly adjust the pointer for the desired T
+						udata = ic(udata, usertype_traits<T>::qualified_name());
+					}
+					lua_pop(L, 2);
+				}
+			}
+			if constexpr (std::is_function_v<T>) {
+				T* func = reinterpret_cast<T*>(udata);
+				return func;
+			}
+			else {
+				T* obj = static_cast<T*>(udata);
+				return obj;
+			}
+		}
+
+		static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return *get_no_lua_nil(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> {
+		static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			type t = type_of(L, index);
+			if (t == type::lua_nil) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+			unqualified_getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> g{};
+			return g.get_no_lua_nil(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<non_null<T*>> {
+		static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			unqualified_getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> g{};
+			return g.get_no_lua_nil(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<T&> {
+		static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			unqualified_getter<detail::as_value_tag<T>> g{};
+			return g.get(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
+		static T& get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			unqualified_getter<T&> g{};
+			return g.get(L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_getter<T*> {
+		static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+			if constexpr (std::is_function_v<T>) {
+				return stack_detail::get_function_pointer<T>(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+			else {
+				unqualified_getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> g{};
+				return g.get(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+#else
+			unqualified_getter<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> g{};
+			return g.get(L, index, tracking);
+#endif
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Tn>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::tuple<Tn...>> {
+		typedef std::tuple<decltype(stack::get<Tn>(nullptr, 0))...> R;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		static R apply(std::index_sequence<>, lua_State*, int, record&, Args&&... args) {
+			// Fuck you too, VC++
+			return R { std::forward<Args>(args)... };
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, std::size_t... Ix, typename... Args>
+		static R apply(std::index_sequence<I, Ix...>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking, Args&&... args) {
+			// Fuck you too, VC++
+			typedef std::tuple_element_t<I, std::tuple<Tn...>> T;
+			return apply(std::index_sequence<Ix...>(), L, index, tracking, std::forward<Args>(args)..., stack::get<T>(L, index + tracking.used, tracking));
+		}
+
+		static R get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return apply(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Tn)>(), L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename A, typename B>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::pair<A, B>> {
+		static decltype(auto) get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return std::pair<decltype(stack::get<A>(L, index)), decltype(stack::get<B>(L, index))> { stack::get<A>(L, index, tracking),
+				stack::get<B>(L, index + tracking.used, tracking) };
+		}
+	};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+
+	template <typename... Tn>
+	struct unqualified_getter<std::variant<Tn...>> {
+		using V = std::variant<Tn...>;
+
+		static V get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, std::variant_size_v<V>>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			(void)L;
+			(void)index;
+			(void)tracking;
+			if constexpr (std::variant_size_v<V> == 0) {
+				return V();
+			}
+			else {
+				// using T = std::variant_alternative_t<0, V>;
+				std::abort();
+				// return V(std::in_place_index<0>, stack::get<T>(L, index, tracking));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I>
+		static V get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>, lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			typedef std::variant_alternative_t<I, V> T;
+			record temp_tracking = tracking;
+			if (stack::check<T>(L, index, &no_panic, temp_tracking)) {
+				tracking = temp_tracking;
+				return V(std::in_place_index<I>, stack::get<T>(L, index));
+			}
+			return get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I + 1>(), L, index, tracking);
+		}
+
+		static V get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			return get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0>(), L, index, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+#endif // variant
+
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_get_unqualified.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_get_qualified.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+
+	// There are no more enable_ifs that can be used here,
+	// so this is just for posterity, I guess?
+	// maybe I'll fill this file in later.
+
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_get_qualified.hpp
+
+// end of sol/stack_get.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_check_get.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_check_get_unqualified.hpp
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <optional>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+#include <variant>
+#endif // variant shenanigans (thanks, Mac OSX)
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+	template <typename T, typename>
+	struct unqualified_check_getter {
+		typedef decltype(stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<T>(nullptr, -1, std::declval<record&>())) R;
+
+		template <typename Optional, typename Handler>
+		static Optional get_using(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			if constexpr (!meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_check_v<T> && !meta::meta_detail::is_adl_sol_lua_get_v<T>) {
+				if constexpr (is_lua_reference_v<T>) {
+					if constexpr (is_global_table_v<T>) {
+						(void)L;
+						(void)index;
+						(void)handler;
+						tracking.use(1);
+						return true;
+					}
+					else {
+						// actually check if it's none here, otherwise
+						// we'll have a none object inside an optional!
+						bool success = lua_isnoneornil(L, index) == 0 && stack::check<T>(L, index, &no_panic);
+						if (!success) {
+							// expected type, actual type
+							tracking.use(static_cast<int>(success));
+							handler(L, index, type::poly, type_of(L, index), "");
+							return detail::associated_nullopt_v<Optional>;
+						}
+						return stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+					}
+				}
+				else if constexpr ((std::is_integral_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, lua_Integer>)&&!std::is_same_v<T, bool>) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+					if (lua_isinteger(L, index) != 0) {
+						tracking.use(1);
+						return static_cast<T>(lua_tointeger(L, index));
+					}
+#endif
+					int isnum = 0;
+					const lua_Number value = lua_tonumberx(L, index, &isnum);
+					if (isnum != 0) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS)
+						const auto integer_value = llround(value);
+						if (static_cast<lua_Number>(integer_value) == value) {
+							tracking.use(1);
+							return static_cast<T>(integer_value);
+						}
+#else
+						tracking.use(1);
+						return static_cast<T>(value);
+#endif
+					}
+					const type t = type_of(L, index);
+					tracking.use(static_cast<int>(t != type::none));
+					handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not an integer");
+					return detail::associated_nullopt_v<Optional>;
+				}
+				else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, lua_Number>) {
+					int isnum = 0;
+					lua_Number value = lua_tonumberx(L, index, &isnum);
+					if (isnum == 0) {
+						type t = type_of(L, index);
+						tracking.use(static_cast<int>(t != type::none));
+						handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not a valid floating point number");
+						return detail::associated_nullopt_v<Optional>;
+					}
+					tracking.use(1);
+					return static_cast<T>(value);
+				}
+				else if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<T> && !meta::any_same_v<T, meta_function, type>) {
+					int isnum = 0;
+					lua_Integer value = lua_tointegerx(L, index, &isnum);
+					if (isnum == 0) {
+						type t = type_of(L, index);
+						tracking.use(static_cast<int>(t != type::none));
+						handler(L, index, type::number, t, "not a valid enumeration value");
+						return detail::associated_nullopt_v<Optional>;
+					}
+					tracking.use(1);
+					return static_cast<T>(value);
+				}
+				else {
+					if (!unqualified_check<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler))) {
+						tracking.use(static_cast<int>(!lua_isnone(L, index)));
+						return detail::associated_nullopt_v<Optional>;
+					}
+					return stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				if (!unqualified_check<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler))) {
+					tracking.use(static_cast<int>(!lua_isnone(L, index)));
+					return detail::associated_nullopt_v<Optional>;
+				}
+				return stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<T>(L, index, tracking);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static optional<R> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return get_using<optional<R>>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+	template <typename... Tn, typename C>
+	struct unqualified_check_getter<std::variant<Tn...>, C> {
+		typedef std::variant<Tn...> V;
+		typedef std::variant_size<V> V_size;
+		typedef std::integral_constant<bool, V_size::value == 0> V_is_empty;
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static optional<V> get_empty(std::true_type, lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record&) {
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static optional<V> get_empty(std::false_type, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record&) {
+			// This should never be reached...
+			// please check your code and understand what you did to bring yourself here
+			// maybe file a bug report, or 5
+			handler(
+				L, index, type::poly, type_of(L, index), "this variant code should never be reached: if it has, you have done something so terribly wrong");
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static optional<V> get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 0>, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return get_empty(V_is_empty(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, typename Handler>
+		static optional<V> get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I>, lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			typedef std::variant_alternative_t<I - 1, V> T;
+			if (stack::check<T>(L, index, &no_panic, tracking)) {
+				return V(std::in_place_index<I - 1>, stack::get<T>(L, index));
+			}
+			return get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, I - 1>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		static optional<V> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return get_one(std::integral_constant<std::size_t, V_size::value>(), L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+#endif // standard variant
+}}     // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_check_get_unqualified.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_check_get_qualified.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if !SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+	namespace stack_detail {
+		template <typename OptionalType, typename T, typename Handler>
+		OptionalType get_optional(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+
+			if constexpr (is_lua_reference_v<T>) {
+				if constexpr (is_global_table_v<Tu>) {
+					(void)L;
+					(void)index;
+					(void)handler;
+					tracking.use(1);
+					return true;
+				}
+				else {
+					// actually check if it's none here, otherwise
+					// we'll have a none object inside an optional!
+					bool success = lua_isnoneornil(L, index) == 0 && stack::check<T>(L, index, &no_panic);
+					if (!success) {
+						// expected type, actual type
+						tracking.use(static_cast<int>(success));
+						handler(L, index, type::poly, type_of(L, index), "");
+						return {};
+					}
+					return OptionalType(stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking));
+				}
+			}
+			else if constexpr (!std::is_reference_v<T> && is_unique_usertype_v<Tu> && !is_actual_type_rebindable_for_v<Tu>) {
+				// we can take shortcuts here to save on separate checking, and just return nullopt!
+				using element = unique_usertype_element_t<Tu>;
+				using actual = unique_usertype_actual_t<Tu>;
+				tracking.use(1);
+				void* memory = lua_touserdata(L, index);
+				memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_destructor(memory);
+				detail::unique_destructor& pdx = *static_cast<detail::unique_destructor*>(memory);
+				if (&detail::usertype_unique_alloc_destroy<element, Tu> == pdx) {
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_tag<true, false>(memory);
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique<actual, true, false>(memory);
+					actual* mem = static_cast<actual*>(memory);
+					return static_cast<actual>(*mem);
+				}
+				if constexpr (!derive<element>::value) {
+					return OptionalType();
+				}
+				else {
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique_tag<true, false>(memory);
+					detail::unique_tag& ic = *reinterpret_cast<detail::unique_tag*>(memory);
+					memory = detail::align_usertype_unique<actual, true, false>(memory);
+					string_view ti = usertype_traits<element>::qualified_name();
+					int cast_operation;
+					actual r {};
+					if constexpr (is_actual_type_rebindable_for_v<Tu>) {
+						using rebound_actual_type = unique_usertype_rebind_actual_t<Tu, void>;
+						string_view rebind_ti = usertype_traits<rebound_actual_type>::qualified_name();
+						cast_operation = ic(memory, &r, ti, rebind_ti);
+					}
+					else {
+						string_view rebind_ti("");
+						cast_operation = ic(memory, &r, ti, rebind_ti);
+					}
+					switch (cast_operation) {
+					case 1: {
+						// it's a perfect match,
+						// alias memory directly
+						actual* mem = static_cast<actual*>(memory);
+						return OptionalType(*mem);
+					}
+					case 2:
+						// it's a base match, return the
+						// aliased creation
+						return OptionalType(std::move(r));
+					default:
+						break;
+					}
+					return OptionalType();
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				if (!check<T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler))) {
+					tracking.use(static_cast<int>(!lua_isnone(L, index)));
+					return OptionalType();
+				}
+				return OptionalType(stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(L, index, tracking));
+			}
+		}
+	} // namespace stack_detail
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+	template <typename T, typename>
+	struct qualified_check_getter {
+		typedef decltype(stack_detail::unchecked_get<T>(nullptr, -1, std::declval<record&>())) R;
+
+		template <typename Handler>
+		optional<R> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+			return stack_detail::get_optional<optional<R>, T>(L, index, std::forward<Handler>(handler), tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Optional>
+	struct qualified_getter<Optional, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_optional_v<Optional>>> {
+		static Optional get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+			using T = typename meta::unqualified_t<Optional>::value_type;
+			return stack_detail::get_optional<Optional, T>(L, index, &no_panic, tracking);
+		}
+	};
+
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_check_get_qualified.hpp
+
+// end of sol/stack_check_get.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_push.hpp
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <limits>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <string_view>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+#include <variant>
+#endif // Can use variant
+
+// beginning of sol/debug.hpp
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace sol { namespace detail { namespace debug {
+	inline std::string dump_types(lua_State* L) {
+		std::string visual;
+		std::size_t size = lua_gettop(L) + 1;
+		for (std::size_t i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
+			if (i != 1) {
+				visual += " | ";
+			}
+			visual += type_name(L, stack::get<type>(L, static_cast<int>(i)));
+		}
+		return visual;
+	}
+
+	inline void print_stack(lua_State* L) {
+		std::cout << dump_types(L) << std::endl;
+	}
+
+	inline void print_section(const std::string& message, lua_State* L) {
+		std::cout << "-- " << message << " -- [ " << dump_types(L) << " ]" << std::endl;
+	}
+}}} // namespace sol::detail::debug
+
+// end of sol/debug.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+	namespace stack_detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		inline bool integer_value_fits(const T& value) {
+			// We check if we can rely on casts or a lack of padding bits to satisfy
+			// the requirements here
+			// If it lacks padding bits, we can jump back and forth between lua_Integer and whatever type without
+			// loss of information
+			constexpr bool is_same_signedness
+				= (std::is_signed_v<T> && std::is_signed_v<lua_Integer>) || (std::is_unsigned_v<T> && std::is_unsigned_v<lua_Integer>);
+			constexpr bool probaby_fits_within_lua_Integer = sizeof(T) == sizeof(lua_Integer)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_ALL_INTEGER_VALUES_FIT)
+				&& ((std::has_unique_object_representations_v<T> && std::has_unique_object_representations_v<lua_Integer>) ? true : is_same_signedness)
+#else
+				&& is_same_signedness
+#endif
+				;
+			if constexpr (sizeof(T) < sizeof(lua_Integer) || probaby_fits_within_lua_Integer) {
+				(void)value;
+				return true;
+			}
+			else {
+				auto u_min = static_cast<std::intmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<lua_Integer>::min)());
+				auto u_max = static_cast<std::uintmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<lua_Integer>::max)());
+				auto t_min = static_cast<std::intmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<T>::min)());
+				auto t_max = static_cast<std::uintmax_t>((std::numeric_limits<T>::max)());
+				return (u_min <= t_min || value >= static_cast<T>(u_min)) && (u_max >= t_max || value <= static_cast<T>(u_max));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int msvc_is_ass_with_if_constexpr_push_enum(std::true_type, lua_State* L, const T& value) {
+			if constexpr (meta::any_same_v<std::underlying_type_t<T>,
+				              char
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+				              ,
+				              char8_t
+#endif
+				              ,
+				              char16_t,
+				              char32_t>) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<T>) {
+					return stack::push(L, static_cast<std::int_least32_t>(value));
+				}
+				else {
+					return stack::push(L, static_cast<std::uint_least32_t>(value));
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack::push(L, static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(value));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int msvc_is_ass_with_if_constexpr_push_enum(std::false_type, lua_State*, const T&) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+	} // namespace stack_detail
+
+	inline int push_environment_of(lua_State* L, int target_index = -1) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+		luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_environment);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ < 502
+		// Use lua_getfenv
+		lua_getfenv(L, target_index);
+#else
+
+		if (lua_iscfunction(L, target_index) != 0) {
+			const char* maybe_upvalue_name = lua_getupvalue(L, target_index, 1);
+			if (maybe_upvalue_name != nullptr) {
+				// it worked, take this one
+				return 1;
+			}
+		}
+		// Nominally, we search for the `"_ENV"` value.
+		// If we don't find it.... uh, well. We've got a problem?
+		for (int upvalue_index = 1;; ++upvalue_index) {
+			const char* maybe_upvalue_name = lua_getupvalue(L, target_index, upvalue_index);
+			if (maybe_upvalue_name == nullptr) {
+				push(L, lua_nil);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			string_view upvalue_name(maybe_upvalue_name);
+			if (upvalue_name == "_ENV") {
+				// Keep this one!
+				break;
+			}
+			// Discard what we received, loop back around
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+		}
+#endif
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	int push_environment_of(const T& target) {
+		lua_State* target_L = target.lua_state();
+		int target_index = absolute_index(target_L, -target.push());
+		int env_count = push_environment_of(target_L, target_index);
+		SOL_ASSERT(env_count == 1);
+		lua_rotate(target_L, target_index, 1);
+		lua_pop(target_L, 1);
+		return env_count;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<detail::as_value_tag<T>> {
+		template <typename F, typename... Args>
+		static int push_fx(lua_State* L, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_userdata);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+       // Basically, we store all user-data like this:
+       // If it's a movable/copyable value (no std::ref(x)), then we store the pointer to the new
+       // data in the first sizeof(T*) bytes, and then however many bytes it takes to
+       // do the actual object. Things that are std::ref or plain T* are stored as
+       // just the sizeof(T*), and nothing else.
+			T* obj = detail::usertype_allocate<T>(L);
+			f();
+			std::allocator<T> alloc {};
+			std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<T>>::construct(alloc, obj, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		template <typename K, typename... Args>
+		static int push_keyed(lua_State* L, K&& k, Args&&... args) {
+			stack_detail::undefined_metatable fx(L, &k[0], &stack::stack_detail::set_undefined_methods_on<T>);
+			return push_fx(L, fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, detail::with_function_tag>) {
+				(void)arg;
+				return push_fx(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				return push_keyed(L, usertype_traits<T>::metatable(), std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L) {
+			return push_keyed(L, usertype_traits<T>::metatable());
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>> {
+		typedef meta::unqualified_t<T> U;
+
+		template <typename F>
+		static int push_fx(lua_State* L, F&& f, T* obj) {
+			if (obj == nullptr)
+				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_userdata);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			T** pref = detail::usertype_allocate_pointer<T>(L);
+			f();
+			*pref = obj;
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		template <typename K>
+		static int push_keyed(lua_State* L, K&& k, T* obj) {
+			stack_detail::undefined_metatable fx(L, &k[0], &stack::stack_detail::set_undefined_methods_on<U*>);
+			return push_fx(L, fx, obj);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, detail::with_function_tag>) {
+				(void)arg;
+				return push_fx(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				return push_keyed(L, usertype_traits<U*>::metatable(), std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<detail::as_reference_tag> {
+		template <typename T>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& obj) {
+			return stack::push(L, detail::ptr(obj));
+		}
+	};
+
+	namespace stack_detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		struct uu_pusher {
+			using element = unique_usertype_element_t<T>;
+			using actual = unique_usertype_actual_t<T>;
+
+			template <typename Arg, typename... Args>
+			static int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_base_of_v<actual, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>) {
+					if (detail::unique_is_null(L, arg)) {
+						return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+					}
+					return push_deep(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					return push_deep(L, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename... Args>
+			static int push_deep(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_userdata);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				element** pointer_to_memory = nullptr;
+				detail::unique_destructor* fx = nullptr;
+				detail::unique_tag* id = nullptr;
+				actual* typed_memory = detail::usertype_unique_allocate<element, actual>(L, pointer_to_memory, fx, id);
+				if (luaL_newmetatable(L, &usertype_traits<d::u<std::remove_cv_t<element>>>::metatable()[0]) == 1) {
+					detail::lua_reg_table registration_table {};
+					int index = 0;
+					detail::indexed_insert insert_callable(registration_table, index);
+					detail::insert_default_registrations<element>(insert_callable, detail::property_always_true);
+					registration_table[index] = { to_string(meta_function::garbage_collect).c_str(), detail::make_destructor<T>() };
+					luaL_setfuncs(L, registration_table, 0);
+				}
+				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+				*fx = detail::usertype_unique_alloc_destroy<element, actual>;
+				*id = &detail::inheritance<element>::template type_unique_cast<actual>;
+				detail::default_construct::construct(typed_memory, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				*pointer_to_memory = detail::unique_get<T>(L, *typed_memory);
+				return 1;
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack_detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<detail::as_unique_tag<T>> {
+		template <typename... Args>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+			stack_detail::uu_pusher<T> p;
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename>
+	struct unqualified_pusher {
+		template <typename... Args>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (is_lua_reference_v<Tu>) {
+				using int_arr = int[];
+				int_arr p { (std::forward<Args>(args).push(L))... };
+				return p[0];
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Tu, bool>) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				lua_pushboolean(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<Tu> || std::is_same_v<Tu, lua_Integer>) {
+				const Tu& value(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_integral);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+				if (stack_detail::integer_value_fits<Tu>(value)) {
+					lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
+					return 1;
+				}
+#endif // Lua 5.3 and above
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_NUMBER_PRECISION_CHECKS)
+				if (static_cast<T>(llround(static_cast<lua_Number>(value))) != value) {
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+					// Is this really worth it?
+					SOL_ASSERT_MSG(false, "integer value will be misrepresented in lua");
+					lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
+					return 1;
+#else
+					throw error(detail::direct_error, "integer value will be misrepresented in lua");
+#endif // No Exceptions
+				}
+#endif // Safe Numerics and Number Precision Check
+				lua_pushnumber(L, static_cast<lua_Number>(value));
+				return 1;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<Tu> || std::is_same_v<Tu, lua_Number>) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_floating);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				lua_pushnumber(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Tu, luaL_Stream*>) {
+				luaL_Stream* source { std::forward<Args>(args)... };
+				luaL_Stream* stream = static_cast<luaL_Stream*>(detail::alloc_newuserdata(L, sizeof(luaL_Stream)));
+				stream->f = source->f;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_LUAL_STREAM_USE_CLOSE_FUNCTION)
+				stream->closef = source->closef;
+#endif // LuaJIT and Lua 5.1 and below do not have
+				return 1;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Tu, luaL_Stream>) {
+				luaL_Stream& source(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				luaL_Stream* stream = static_cast<luaL_Stream*>(detail::alloc_newuserdata(L, sizeof(luaL_Stream)));
+				stream->f = source.f;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_LUAL_STREAM_USE_CLOSE_FUNCTION)
+				stream->closef = source.closef;
+#endif // LuaJIT and Lua 5.1 and below do not have
+				return 1;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<Tu>) {
+				return stack_detail::msvc_is_ass_with_if_constexpr_push_enum(std::true_type(), L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<Tu>) {
+				return stack::push<detail::as_pointer_tag<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (is_unique_usertype_v<Tu>) {
+				return stack::push<detail::as_unique_tag<T>>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack::push<detail::as_value_tag<T>>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::reference_wrapper<T>& t) {
+			return stack::push(L, std::addressof(detail::deref(t.get())));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<detail::as_table_tag<T>> {
+		using has_kvp = meta::has_key_value_pair<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>>;
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
+			return push(has_kvp(), std::false_type(), L, tablecont);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& tablecont, nested_tag_t) {
+			return push(has_kvp(), std::true_type(), L, tablecont);
+		}
+
+		static int push(std::true_type, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
+			return push(has_kvp(), std::true_type(), L, tablecont);
+		}
+
+		static int push(std::false_type, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
+			return push(has_kvp(), std::false_type(), L, tablecont);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_nested>
+		static int push(std::true_type, std::integral_constant<bool, is_nested>, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
+			auto& cont = detail::deref(detail::unwrap(tablecont));
+			lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(cont.size()), 0);
+			int tableindex = lua_gettop(L);
+			for (const auto& pair : cont) {
+				if (is_nested) {
+					set_field(L, pair.first, as_nested_ref(pair.second), tableindex);
+				}
+				else {
+					set_field(L, pair.first, pair.second, tableindex);
+				}
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_nested>
+		static int push(std::false_type, std::integral_constant<bool, is_nested>, lua_State* L, const T& tablecont) {
+			auto& cont = detail::deref(detail::unwrap(tablecont));
+			lua_createtable(L, stack_detail::get_size_hint(cont), 0);
+			int tableindex = lua_gettop(L);
+			std::size_t index = 1;
+			for (const auto& i : cont) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+				int p = is_nested ? stack::push(L, as_nested_ref(i)) : stack::push(L, i);
+				for (int pi = 0; pi < p; ++pi) {
+					lua_seti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(index++));
+				}
+#else
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(index));
+				int p = is_nested ? stack::push(L, as_nested_ref(i)) : stack::push(L, i);
+				if (p == 1) {
+					++index;
+					lua_settable(L, tableindex);
+				}
+				else {
+					int firstindex = tableindex + 1 + 1;
+					for (int pi = 0; pi < p; ++pi) {
+						stack::push(L, index);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+						luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+						lua_pushvalue(L, firstindex);
+						lua_settable(L, tableindex);
+						++index;
+						++firstindex;
+					}
+					lua_pop(L, 1 + p);
+				}
+#endif // Lua Version 5.3 and others
+			}
+			// TODO: figure out a better way to do this...?
+			// set_field(L, -1, cont.size());
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<as_table_t<T>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const as_table_t<T>& value_) {
+			using inner_t = std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>>;
+			if constexpr (is_container_v<inner_t>) {
+				return stack::push<detail::as_table_tag<T>>(L, value_.value());
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack::push(L, value_.value());
+			}
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& value_) {
+			using inner_t = std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>>;
+			if constexpr (is_container_v<inner_t>) {
+				return stack::push<detail::as_table_tag<T>>(L, value_);
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack::push(L, value_);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<nested<T>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const T& nested_value) noexcept {
+			using Tu = meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>;
+			using inner_t = std::remove_pointer_t<Tu>;
+			if constexpr (is_container_v<inner_t>) {
+				return stack::push<detail::as_table_tag<T>>(L, nested_value, nested_tag);
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack::push<Tu>(L, nested_value);
+			}
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const nested<T>& nested_wrapper_) noexcept {
+			using Tu = meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>;
+			using inner_t = std::remove_pointer_t<Tu>;
+			if constexpr (is_container_v<inner_t>) {
+				return stack::push<detail::as_table_tag<T>>(L, nested_wrapper_.value(), nested_tag);
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack::push<Tu>(L, nested_wrapper_.value());
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::initializer_list<T>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::initializer_list<T>& il) noexcept {
+			unqualified_pusher<detail::as_table_tag<std::initializer_list<T>>> p {};
+			return p.push(L, il);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<lua_nil_t> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, lua_nil_t) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushnil(L);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<stack_count> {
+		static int push(lua_State*, stack_count st) noexcept {
+			return st.count;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<metatable_key_t> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, metatable_key_t) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlstring(L, to_string(meta_function::metatable).c_str(), 4);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction func, int n = 0) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<lua_CFunction> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction func, int n = 0) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::remove_pointer_t<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept func, int n = 0) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept func, int n = 0) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushcclosure(L, func, n);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+#endif // noexcept function type
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<c_closure> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, c_closure cc) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushcclosure(L, cc.c_function, cc.upvalues);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Arg, typename... Args>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<closure<Arg, Args...>> {
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
+		static int push(std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, T&& c) {
+			using f_tuple = decltype(std::forward<T>(c).upvalues);
+			int pushcount = multi_push(L, std::get<I>(std::forward<f_tuple>(std::forward<T>(c).upvalues))...);
+			return stack::push(L, c_closure(c.c_function, pushcount));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& c) {
+			return push(std::make_index_sequence<1 + sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<T>(c));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<void*> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, void* userdata) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, userdata);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<const void*> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const void* userdata) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, const_cast<void*>(userdata));
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<lightuserdata_value> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, lightuserdata_value userdata) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, userdata);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<light<T>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, light<T> l) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, static_cast<void*>(l.value()));
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<user<T>> {
+		template <bool with_meta = true, typename Key, typename... Args>
+		static int push_with(lua_State* L, Key&& name, Args&&... args) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_userdata);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+       // A dumb pusher
+			T* data = detail::user_allocate<T>(L);
+			if (with_meta) {
+				// Make sure we have a plain GC set for this data
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				if (luaL_newmetatable(L, name) != 0) {
+					lua_CFunction cdel = detail::user_alloc_destroy<T>;
+					lua_pushcclosure(L, cdel, 0);
+					lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");
+				}
+				lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+			}
+			std::allocator<T> alloc {};
+			std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<T>>::construct(alloc, data, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, metatable_key_t>) {
+				const auto name = &arg[0];
+				return push_with<true>(L, name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, no_metatable_t>) {
+				(void)arg;
+				const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
+				return push_with<false>(L, name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
+				return push_with(L, name, std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const user<T>& u) {
+			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
+			return push_with(L, name, u.value);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, user<T>&& u) {
+			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
+			return push_with(L, name, std::move(u.value()));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, no_metatable_t, const user<T>& u) {
+			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
+			return push_with<false>(L, name, u.value());
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, no_metatable_t, user<T>&& u) {
+			const auto name = &usertype_traits<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::user_gc_metatable()[0];
+			return push_with<false>(L, name, std::move(u.value()));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<userdata_value> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, userdata_value data) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_userdata);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			void** ud = detail::usertype_allocate_pointer<void>(L);
+			*ud = data.value();
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<const char*> {
+		static int push_sized(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlstring(L, str, len);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str) {
+			if (str == nullptr)
+				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+			return push_sized(L, str, std::char_traits<char>::length(str));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* strb, const char* stre) {
+			return push_sized(L, strb, static_cast<std::size_t>(stre - strb));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
+			return push_sized(L, str, len);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char*> {
+		static int push_sized(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push_sized(L, str, len);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* strb, const char* stre) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::size_t len) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str, len);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <size_t N>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char[N]> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char (&str)[N]) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlstring(L, str, std::char_traits<char>::length(str));
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlstring(L, str, sz);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, char c) {
+			const char str[2] = { c, '\0' };
+			return stack::push(L, static_cast<const char*>(str), 1u);
+		}
+	};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<const char8_t*> {
+		static int push_sized(lua_State* L, const char8_t* str, std::size_t len) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlstring(L, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str), len);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char8_t* str) {
+			if (str == nullptr)
+				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+			return push_sized(L, str, std::char_traits<char>::length(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str)));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char8_t* strb, const char8_t* stre) {
+			return push_sized(L, strb, static_cast<std::size_t>(stre - strb));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char8_t* str, std::size_t len) {
+			return push_sized(L, str, len);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char8_t*> {
+		static int push_sized(lua_State* L, const char8_t* str, std::size_t len) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char8_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push_sized(L, str, len);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char8_t* str) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char8_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char8_t* strb, const char8_t* stre) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char8_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char8_t* str, std::size_t len) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char8_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str, len);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <size_t N>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char8_t[N]> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char8_t (&str)[N]) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			const char* str_as_char = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(static_cast<const char8_t*>(str));
+			lua_pushlstring(L, str_as_char, std::char_traits<char>::length(str_as_char));
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char8_t (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlstring(L, str, sz);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char8_t> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, char8_t c) {
+			const char8_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
+			return stack::push(L, static_cast<const char8_t*>(str), 1u);
+		}
+	};
+#endif // char8_t
+
+	template <typename Ch, typename Traits, typename Al>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::basic_string<Ch, Traits, Al>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::basic_string<Ch, Traits, Al>& str) {
+			if constexpr (!std::is_same_v<Ch, char>) {
+				return stack::push(L, str.data(), str.size());
+			}
+			else {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), str.size());
+				return 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::basic_string<Ch, Traits, Al>& str, std::size_t sz) {
+			if constexpr (!std::is_same_v<Ch, char>) {
+				return stack::push(L, str.data(), sz);
+			}
+			else {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_string);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), sz);
+				return 1;
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Ch, typename Traits>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<basic_string_view<Ch, Traits>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const basic_string_view<Ch, Traits>& sv) {
+			return stack::push(L, sv.data(), sv.length());
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const basic_string_view<Ch, Traits>& sv, std::size_t n) {
+			return stack::push(L, sv.data(), n);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<meta_function> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, meta_function m) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_meta_function_name);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			const std::string& str = to_string(m);
+			lua_pushlstring(L, str.c_str(), str.size());
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<absolute_index> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, absolute_index ai) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushvalue(L, ai);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<raw_index> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, raw_index ri) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushvalue(L, ri);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<ref_index> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, ref_index ri) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ri);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<const wchar_t*> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* wstr) {
+			return push(L, wstr, std::char_traits<wchar_t>::length(wstr));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* wstr, std::size_t sz) {
+			return push(L, wstr, wstr + sz);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* strb, const wchar_t* stre) {
+			if constexpr (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) {
+				const char16_t* sb = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(strb);
+				const char16_t* se = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(stre);
+				return stack::push(L, sb, se);
+			}
+			else {
+				const char32_t* sb = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(strb);
+				const char32_t* se = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(stre);
+				return stack::push(L, sb, se);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<wchar_t*> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* str) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const wchar_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* strb, const wchar_t* stre) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const wchar_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t* str, std::size_t len) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const wchar_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str, len);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<const char16_t*> {
+		static int convert_into(lua_State* L, char* start, std::size_t, const char16_t* strb, const char16_t* stre) {
+			char* target = start;
+			char32_t cp = 0;
+			for (const char16_t* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
+				auto dr = unicode::utf16_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
+				if (dr.error != unicode::error_code::ok) {
+					cp = unicode::unicode_detail::replacement;
+				}
+				else {
+					cp = dr.codepoint;
+				}
+				auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf8(cp);
+				const char* utf8data = er.code_units.data();
+				std::memcpy(target, utf8data, er.code_units_size);
+				target += er.code_units_size;
+				strtarget = dr.next;
+			}
+
+			return stack::push(L, start, target);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* u16str) {
+			return push(L, u16str, std::char_traits<char16_t>::length(u16str));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* u16str, std::size_t sz) {
+			return push(L, u16str, u16str + sz);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* strb, const char16_t* stre) {
+			char sbo[SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_];
+			// if our max string space is small enough, use SBO
+			// right off the bat
+			std::size_t max_possible_code_units = static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::size_t>(stre - strb) * static_cast<std::size_t>(4));
+			if (max_possible_code_units <= SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_) {
+				return convert_into(L, sbo, max_possible_code_units, strb, stre);
+			}
+			// otherwise, we must manually count/check size
+			std::size_t needed_size = 0;
+			for (const char16_t* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
+				auto dr = unicode::utf16_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
+				auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf8(dr.codepoint);
+				needed_size += er.code_units_size;
+				strtarget = dr.next;
+			}
+			if (needed_size < SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_) {
+				return convert_into(L, sbo, needed_size, strb, stre);
+			}
+			std::string u8str("", 0);
+			u8str.resize(needed_size);
+			char* target = const_cast<char*>(u8str.data());
+			return convert_into(L, target, needed_size, strb, stre);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char16_t*> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* str) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char16_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* strb, const char16_t* stre) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char16_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t* str, std::size_t len) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char16_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str, len);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<const char32_t*> {
+		static int convert_into(lua_State* L, char* start, std::size_t, const char32_t* strb, const char32_t* stre) {
+			char* target = start;
+			char32_t cp = 0;
+			for (const char32_t* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
+				auto dr = unicode::utf32_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
+				if (dr.error != unicode::error_code::ok) {
+					cp = unicode::unicode_detail::replacement;
+				}
+				else {
+					cp = dr.codepoint;
+				}
+				auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf8(cp);
+				const char* data = er.code_units.data();
+				std::memcpy(target, data, er.code_units_size);
+				target += er.code_units_size;
+				strtarget = dr.next;
+			}
+			return stack::push(L, start, target);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* u32str) {
+			return push(L, u32str, u32str + std::char_traits<char32_t>::length(u32str));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* u32str, std::size_t sz) {
+			return push(L, u32str, u32str + sz);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* strb, const char32_t* stre) {
+			char sbo[SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_];
+			// if our max string space is small enough, use SBO
+			// right off the bat
+			std::size_t max_possible_code_units = static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::size_t>(stre - strb) * static_cast<std::size_t>(4));
+			if (max_possible_code_units <= SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_) {
+				return convert_into(L, sbo, max_possible_code_units, strb, stre);
+			}
+			// otherwise, we must manually count/check size
+			std::size_t needed_size = 0;
+			for (const char32_t* strtarget = strb; strtarget < stre;) {
+				auto dr = unicode::utf32_to_code_point(strtarget, stre);
+				auto er = unicode::code_point_to_utf8(dr.codepoint);
+				needed_size += er.code_units_size;
+				strtarget = dr.next;
+			}
+			if (needed_size < SOL_OPTIMIZATION_STRING_CONVERSION_STACK_SIZE_I_) {
+				return convert_into(L, sbo, needed_size, strb, stre);
+			}
+			std::string u8str("", 0);
+			u8str.resize(needed_size);
+			char* target = const_cast<char*>(u8str.data());
+			return convert_into(L, target, needed_size, strb, stre);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char32_t*> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* str) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char32_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* strb, const char32_t* stre) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char32_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, strb, stre);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t* str, std::size_t len) {
+			unqualified_pusher<const char32_t*> p {};
+			(void)p;
+			return p.push(L, str, len);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <size_t N>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<wchar_t[N]> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t (&str)[N]) {
+			return push(L, str, std::char_traits<wchar_t>::length(str));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const wchar_t (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
+			const wchar_t* str_ptr = static_cast<const wchar_t*>(str);
+			return stack::push<const wchar_t*>(L, str_ptr, str_ptr + sz);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <size_t N>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char16_t[N]> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t (&str)[N]) {
+			return push(L, str, std::char_traits<char16_t>::length(str));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char16_t (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
+			const char16_t* str_ptr = static_cast<const char16_t*>(str);
+			return stack::push<const char16_t*>(L, str_ptr, str_ptr + sz);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <size_t N>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char32_t[N]> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t (&str)[N]) {
+			return push(L, str, std::char_traits<char32_t>::length(str));
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const char32_t (&str)[N], std::size_t sz) {
+			const char32_t* str_ptr = static_cast<const char32_t*>(str);
+			return stack::push<const char32_t*>(L, str_ptr, str_ptr + sz);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<wchar_t> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, wchar_t c) {
+			const wchar_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
+			return stack::push(L, static_cast<const wchar_t*>(str), 1u);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char16_t> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, char16_t c) {
+			const char16_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
+			return stack::push(L, static_cast<const char16_t*>(str), 1u);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<char32_t> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, char32_t c) {
+			const char32_t str[2] = { c, '\0' };
+			return stack::push(L, static_cast<const char32_t*>(str), 1u);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Args>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::tuple<Args...>> {
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
+		static int push(std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, T&& t) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(I)), detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			int pushcount = 0;
+			(void)detail::swallow { 0, (pushcount += stack::push(L, std::get<I>(std::forward<T>(t))), 0)... };
+			return pushcount;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
+			return push(std::index_sequence_for<Args...>(), L, std::forward<T>(t));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename A, typename B>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::pair<A, B>> {
+		template <typename T>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& t) {
+			int pushcount = stack::push(L, std::get<0>(std::forward<T>(t)));
+			pushcount += stack::push(L, std::get<1>(std::forward<T>(t)));
+			return pushcount;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_optional_v<T>>> {
+		using ValueType = typename meta::unqualified_t<T>::value_type;
+
+		template <typename Optional>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, Optional&& op) {
+			using QualifiedValueType = meta::conditional_t<std::is_lvalue_reference_v<Optional>, ValueType&, ValueType&&>;
+			if (!op) {
+				return stack::push(L, nullopt);
+			}
+			return stack::push(L, static_cast<QualifiedValueType>(op.value()));
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<forward_as_value_t<T>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const forward_as_value_t<T>& value_) {
+			return stack::push<T>(L, value_.value());
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, forward_as_value_t<T>&& value_) {
+			return stack::push<T>(L, std::move(value_).value());
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<nullopt_t> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+			return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::nullptr_t> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
+			return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<this_state> {
+		static int push(lua_State*, const this_state&) noexcept {
+			return 0;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<this_main_state> {
+		static int push(lua_State*, const this_main_state&) noexcept {
+			return 0;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<new_table> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const new_table& nt) {
+			lua_createtable(L, nt.sequence_hint, nt.map_hint);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Allocator>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<basic_bytecode<Allocator>> {
+		template <typename T>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& bc, const char* bytecode_name) {
+			const auto first = bc.data();
+			const auto bcsize = bc.size();
+			// pushes either the function, or an error
+			// if it errors, shit goes south, and people can test that upstream
+			(void)luaL_loadbuffer(
+				L, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(first), static_cast<std::size_t>(bcsize * (sizeof(*first) / sizeof(const char))), bytecode_name);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		static int push(lua_State* L, T&& bc) {
+			return push(L, std::forward<bc>(bc), "bytecode");
+		}
+	};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_STD_VARIANT)
+	namespace stack_detail {
+
+		struct push_function {
+			lua_State* L;
+
+			push_function(lua_State* L_) noexcept : L(L_) {
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			int operator()(T&& value) const {
+				return stack::push<T>(L, std::forward<T>(value));
+			}
+		};
+
+	} // namespace stack_detail
+
+	template <typename... Tn>
+	struct unqualified_pusher<std::variant<Tn...>> {
+		static int push(lua_State* L, const std::variant<Tn...>& v) {
+			return std::visit(stack_detail::push_function(L), v);
+		}
+
+		static int push(lua_State* L, std::variant<Tn...>&& v) {
+			return std::visit(stack_detail::push_function(L), std::move(v));
+		}
+	};
+#endif // Variant because Clang is terrible
+
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_push.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_pop.hpp
+
+#include <utility>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+	template <typename T, typename>
+	struct popper {
+		inline static decltype(auto) pop(lua_State* L) {
+			if constexpr (is_stack_based_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>>) {
+				static_assert(!is_stack_based_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>>,
+					"You cannot pop something that lives solely on the stack: it will not remain on the stack when popped and thusly will go out of "
+					"scope!");
+			}
+			else {
+				record tracking {};
+				decltype(auto) r = get<T>(L, -lua_size<T>::value, tracking);
+				lua_pop(L, tracking.used);
+				return r;
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_pop.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_field.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+
+	namespace stack_detail {
+		template <typename T, bool global, bool raw>
+		inline constexpr bool is_get_direct_tableless_v = (global && !raw && meta::is_c_str_or_string_v<T>);
+
+		template <typename T, bool global, bool raw>
+		inline constexpr bool is_get_direct_v = (is_get_direct_tableless_v<T, global, raw>) // cf-hack
+			|| (!global && !raw && (meta::is_c_str_or_string_v<T> || meta::is_string_of_v<T, char>)) // cf-hack
+			|| (!global && raw && (std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<T, bool>))
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+			|| (!global && !raw && (std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<T, bool>))
+#endif // integer keys 5.3 or better
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 502
+			|| (!global && raw && std::is_pointer_v<T> && std::is_void_v<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>)
+#endif // void pointer keys 5.2 or better
+			;
+
+		template <typename T, bool global, bool raw>
+		inline constexpr bool is_set_direct_tableless_v = (global && !raw && meta::is_c_str_or_string_v<T>);
+
+		template <typename T, bool global, bool raw>
+		inline constexpr bool is_set_direct_v = (is_set_direct_tableless_v<T, global, raw>) // cf-hack
+			|| (!global && !raw && (meta::is_c_str_or_string_v<T> || meta::is_string_of_v<T, char>)) // cf-hack
+			|| (!global && raw && (std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<T, bool>))     // cf-hack
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+			|| (!global && !raw && (std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<T, bool>))
+#endif // integer keys 5.3 or better
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 502
+			|| (!global && raw && (std::is_pointer_v<T> && std::is_void_v<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>))
+#endif // void pointer keys 5.2 or better
+			;
+	} // namespace stack_detail
+
+	template <typename T, bool global, bool raw, typename>
+	struct field_getter {
+		static inline constexpr int default_table_index
+			= meta::conditional_t<stack_detail::is_get_direct_v<T, global, raw>, std::integral_constant<int, -1>, std::integral_constant<int, -2>>::value;
+
+		template <typename Key>
+		void get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex = default_table_index) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, update_if_empty_t> || std::is_same_v<T, override_value_t> || std::is_same_v<T, create_if_nil_t>) {
+				(void)L;
+				(void)key;
+				(void)tableindex;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, env_key_t>) {
+				(void)key;
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ < 502
+				// Use lua_setfenv
+				lua_getfenv(L, tableindex);
+#else
+				// Use upvalues as explained in Lua 5.2 and beyond's manual
+				if (lua_getupvalue(L, tableindex, 1) == nullptr) {
+					push(L, lua_nil);
+				}
+#endif
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, metatable_key_t>) {
+				(void)key;
+				if (lua_getmetatable(L, tableindex) == 0)
+					push(L, lua_nil);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (raw) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<bool, T>) {
+					lua_rawgeti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(key));
+				}
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 502
+				else if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<T> && std::is_void_v<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>) {
+					lua_rawgetp(L, tableindex, key);
+				}
+#endif // Lua 5.2.x+
+				else {
+					push(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+					lua_rawget(L, tableindex);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				if constexpr (meta::is_c_str_or_string_v<T>) {
+					if constexpr (global) {
+						(void)tableindex;
+						lua_getglobal(L, &key[0]);
+					}
+					else {
+						lua_getfield(L, tableindex, &key[0]);
+					}
+				}
+				else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, meta_function>) {
+					const auto& real_key = to_string(key);
+					lua_getfield(L, tableindex, &real_key[0]);
+				}
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+				else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<bool, T>) {
+					lua_geti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(key));
+				}
+#endif // Lua 5.3.x+
+				else {
+					push(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+					lua_gettable(L, tableindex);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Args, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
+	struct field_getter<std::tuple<Args...>, b, raw, C> {
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename Keys>
+		void apply(std::index_sequence<0, I...>, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
+			get_field<b, raw>(L, std::get<0>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)), tableindex);
+			void(detail::swallow { (get_field<false, raw>(L, std::get<I>(std::forward<Keys>(keys))), 0)... });
+			reference saved(L, -1);
+			lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(I)));
+			saved.push();
+		}
+
+		template <typename Keys>
+		void get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys) {
+			apply(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), lua_absindex(L, -1));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Keys>
+		void get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
+			apply(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), tableindex);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename A, typename B, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
+	struct field_getter<std::pair<A, B>, b, raw, C> {
+		template <typename Keys>
+		void get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
+			get_field<b, raw>(L, std::get<0>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)), tableindex);
+			get_field<false, raw>(L, std::get<1>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)));
+			reference saved(L, -1);
+			lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(2));
+			saved.push();
+		}
+
+		template <typename Keys>
+		void get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys) {
+			get_field<b, raw>(L, std::get<0>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)));
+			get_field<false, raw>(L, std::get<1>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)));
+			reference saved(L, -1);
+			lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(2));
+			saved.push();
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, bool global, bool raw, typename>
+	struct field_setter {
+		static constexpr int default_table_index
+			= meta::conditional_t<stack_detail::is_set_direct_v<T, global, raw>, std::integral_constant<int, -2>, std::integral_constant<int, -3>>::value;
+
+		template <typename Key, typename Value>
+		void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value, int tableindex = default_table_index) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, update_if_empty_t> || std::is_same_v<T, override_value_t>) {
+				(void)L;
+				(void)key;
+				(void)value;
+				(void)tableindex;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, metatable_key_t>) {
+				(void)key;
+				push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+				lua_setmetatable(L, tableindex);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (raw) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<bool, T>) {
+					push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+					lua_rawseti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(key));
+				}
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 502
+				else if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<T> && std::is_void_v<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>) {
+					push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+					lua_rawsetp(L, tableindex, std::forward<Key>(key));
+				}
+#endif // Lua 5.2.x
+				else {
+					push(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+					push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+					lua_rawset(L, tableindex);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				if constexpr (meta::is_c_str_or_string_v<T>) {
+					if constexpr (global) {
+						push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+						lua_setglobal(L, &key[0]);
+						(void)tableindex;
+					}
+					else {
+						push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+						lua_setfield(L, tableindex, &key[0]);
+					}
+				}
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 503
+				else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<bool, T>) {
+					push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+					lua_seti(L, tableindex, static_cast<lua_Integer>(key));
+				}
+#endif // Lua 5.3.x
+				else {
+					push(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+					push(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+					lua_settable(L, tableindex);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Args, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
+	struct field_setter<std::tuple<Args...>, b, raw, C> {
+		template <bool g, std::size_t I, typename Keys, typename Value>
+		void apply(std::index_sequence<I>, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
+			I < 1 ? set_field<g, raw>(L, std::get<I>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex)
+				 : set_field<g, raw>(L, std::get<I>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)), std::forward<Value>(value));
+		}
+
+		template <bool g, std::size_t I0, std::size_t I1, std::size_t... I, typename Keys, typename Value>
+		void apply(std::index_sequence<I0, I1, I...>, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
+			I0 < 1 ? get_field<g, raw>(L, std::get<I0>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)), tableindex)
+				  : get_field<g, raw>(L, std::get<I0>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)), -1);
+			apply<false>(std::index_sequence<I1, I...>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value), -1);
+		}
+
+		template <bool g, std::size_t I0, std::size_t... I, typename Keys, typename Value>
+		void top_apply(std::index_sequence<I0, I...>, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex) {
+			apply<g>(std::index_sequence<I0, I...>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex);
+			lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(I)));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Keys, typename Value>
+		void set(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex = -3) {
+			top_apply<b>(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), std::forward<Value>(value), tableindex);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename A, typename B, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
+	struct field_setter<std::pair<A, B>, b, raw, C> {
+		template <typename Keys, typename Value>
+		void set(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, Value&& value, int tableindex = -1) {
+			get_field<b, raw>(L, std::get<0>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)), tableindex);
+			set_field<false, raw>(L, std::get<1>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)), std::forward<Value>(value), lua_gettop(L));
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+		}
+	};
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_field.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_probe.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack {
+	template <typename T, typename P, bool b, bool raw, typename>
+	struct probe_field_getter {
+		template <typename Key>
+		probe get(lua_State* L, Key&& key, int tableindex = -2) {
+			if constexpr (!b) {
+				if (!maybe_indexable(L, tableindex)) {
+					return probe(false, 0);
+				}
+			}
+			get_field<b, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), tableindex);
+			return probe(check<P>(L), 1);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename A, typename B, typename P, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
+	struct probe_field_getter<std::pair<A, B>, P, b, raw, C> {
+		template <typename Keys>
+		probe get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex = -2) {
+			if (!b && !maybe_indexable(L, tableindex)) {
+				return probe(false, 0);
+			}
+			get_field<b, raw>(L, std::get<0>(keys), tableindex);
+			if (!maybe_indexable(L)) {
+				return probe(false, 1);
+			}
+			get_field<false, raw>(L, std::get<1>(keys), tableindex);
+			return probe(check<P>(L), 2);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Args, typename P, bool b, bool raw, typename C>
+	struct probe_field_getter<std::tuple<Args...>, P, b, raw, C> {
+		template <std::size_t I, typename Keys>
+		probe apply(std::index_sequence<I>, int sofar, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
+			get_field<(I < 1) && b, raw>(L, std::get<I>(keys), tableindex);
+			return probe(check<P>(L), sofar);
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, std::size_t I1, std::size_t... In, typename Keys>
+		probe apply(std::index_sequence<I, I1, In...>, int sofar, lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex) {
+			get_field < I<1 && b, raw>(L, std::get<I>(keys), tableindex);
+			if (!maybe_indexable(L)) {
+				return probe(false, sofar);
+			}
+			return apply(std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(), sofar + 1, L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), -1);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Keys>
+		probe get(lua_State* L, Keys&& keys, int tableindex = -2) {
+			if constexpr (!b) {
+				if (!maybe_indexable(L, tableindex)) {
+					return probe(false, 0);
+				}
+				return apply(std::index_sequence_for<Args...>(), 1, L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), tableindex);
+			}
+			else {
+				return apply(std::index_sequence_for<Args...>(), 1, L, std::forward<Keys>(keys), tableindex);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}} // namespace sol::stack
+
+// end of sol/stack_probe.hpp
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <array>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		using typical_chunk_name_t = char[SOL_ID_SIZE_I_];
+		using typical_file_chunk_name_t = char[SOL_FILE_ID_SIZE_I_];
+
+		inline const std::string& default_chunk_name() {
+			static const std::string name = "";
+			return name;
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t N>
+		const char* make_chunk_name(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname, char (&basechunkname)[N]) {
+			if (chunkname.empty()) {
+				auto it = code.cbegin();
+				auto e = code.cend();
+				std::size_t i = 0;
+				static const std::size_t n = N - 4;
+				for (i = 0; i < n && it != e; ++i, ++it) {
+					basechunkname[i] = *it;
+				}
+				if (it != e) {
+					for (std::size_t c = 0; c < 3; ++i, ++c) {
+						basechunkname[i] = '.';
+					}
+				}
+				basechunkname[i] = '\0';
+				return &basechunkname[0];
+			}
+			else {
+				return chunkname.c_str();
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline void clear_entries(stack_reference r) {
+			stack::push(r.lua_state(), lua_nil);
+			while (lua_next(r.lua_state(), -2)) {
+				absolute_index key(r.lua_state(), -2);
+				auto pn = stack::pop_n(r.lua_state(), 1);
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(r.lua_state(), key, lua_nil, r.stack_index());
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline void clear_entries(const reference& registry_reference) {
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(registry_reference);
+			stack_reference ref(registry_reference.lua_state(), -1);
+			clear_entries(ref);
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace stack {
+		namespace stack_detail {
+			template <typename T>
+			inline int push_as_upvalues(lua_State* L, T& item) {
+				typedef std::decay_t<T> TValue;
+				static const std::size_t itemsize = sizeof(TValue);
+				static const std::size_t voidsize = sizeof(void*);
+				static const std::size_t voidsizem1 = voidsize - 1;
+				static const std::size_t data_t_count = (sizeof(TValue) + voidsizem1) / voidsize;
+				typedef std::array<void*, data_t_count> data_t;
+
+				data_t data { {} };
+				std::memcpy(&data[0], std::addressof(item), itemsize);
+				int pushcount = 0;
+				for (const auto& v : data) {
+					lua_pushlightuserdata(L, v);
+					pushcount += 1;
+				}
+				return pushcount;
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			inline std::pair<T, int> get_as_upvalues(lua_State* L, int index = 2) {
+				static const std::size_t data_t_count = (sizeof(T) + (sizeof(void*) - 1)) / sizeof(void*);
+				typedef std::array<void*, data_t_count> data_t;
+				data_t voiddata { {} };
+				for (std::size_t i = 0, d = 0; d < sizeof(T); ++i, d += sizeof(void*)) {
+					voiddata[i] = lua_touserdata(L, upvalue_index(index++));
+				}
+				return std::pair<T, int>(*reinterpret_cast<T*>(static_cast<void*>(voiddata.data())), index);
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			inline std::pair<T, int> get_as_upvalues_using_function(lua_State* L, int function_index = -1) {
+				static const std::size_t data_t_count = (sizeof(T) + (sizeof(void*) - 1)) / sizeof(void*);
+				typedef std::array<void*, data_t_count> data_t;
+				function_index = lua_absindex(L, function_index);
+				int index = 0;
+				data_t voiddata { {} };
+				for (std::size_t d = 0; d < sizeof(T); d += sizeof(void*)) {
+					// first upvalue is nullptr to respect environment shenanigans
+					// So +2 instead of +1
+					const char* upvalue_name = lua_getupvalue(L, function_index, index + 2);
+					if (upvalue_name == nullptr) {
+						// We should freak out here...
+						break;
+					}
+					voiddata[index] = lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+					++index;
+				}
+				lua_pop(L, index);
+				return std::pair<T, int>(*reinterpret_cast<T*>(static_cast<void*>(voiddata.data())), index);
+			}
+
+			template <bool checked, typename Handler, typename Fx, typename... Args>
+			static decltype(auto) eval(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, lua_State*, int, Handler&&, record&, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+				return std::forward<Fx>(fx)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+			template <bool checked, typename Arg, typename... Args, std::size_t I, std::size_t... Is, typename Handler, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
+			static decltype(auto) eval(types<Arg, Args...>, std::index_sequence<I, Is...>, lua_State* L_, int start_index_, Handler&& handler_,
+			     record& tracking_, Fx&& fx_, FxArgs&&... fxargs_) {
+#if 0 && SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS)
+				// NOTE: THIS IS TERMPORARILY TURNED OFF BECAUSE IT IMPACTS ACTUAL SEMANTICS W.R.T. THINGS LIKE LUAJIT,
+				// SO IT MUST REMAIN OFF UNTIL WE CAN ESTABLISH SIMILAR BEHAVIOR IN MODES WHERE `checked == false`!
+
+				// We can save performance/time by letting errors unwind produced arguments
+				// rather than checking everything once, and then potentially re-doing work
+				if constexpr (checked) {
+					return eval<checked>(types<Args...>(),
+					     std::index_sequence<Is...>(),
+					     L_,
+					     start_index_,
+					     std::forward<Handler>(handler_),
+					     tracking_,
+					     std::forward<Fx>(fx_),
+					     std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs_)...,
+					     *stack_detail::check_get_arg<Arg>(L_, start_index_ + tracking_.used, handler_, tracking_));
+				}
+				else
+#endif
+				{
+					return eval<checked>(types<Args...>(),
+					     std::index_sequence<Is...>(),
+					     L_,
+					     start_index_,
+					     std::forward<Handler>(handler_),
+					     tracking_,
+					     std::forward<Fx>(fx_),
+					     std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs_)...,
+					     stack_detail::unchecked_get_arg<Arg>(L_, start_index_ + tracking_.used, tracking_));
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <bool checkargs = detail::default_safe_function_calls, std::size_t... I, typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
+			inline decltype(auto) call(types<R>, types<Args...> argument_types_, std::index_sequence<I...> argument_indices_, lua_State* L_,
+			     int start_index_, Fx&& fx_, FxArgs&&... args_) {
+				static_assert(meta::all_v<meta::is_not_move_only<Args>...>,
+				     "One of the arguments being bound is a move-only type, and it is not being taken by reference: this will break your code. Please take "
+				     "a reference and std::move it manually if this was your intention.");
+				argument_handler<types<R, Args...>> handler {};
+				record tracking {};
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS)
+				if constexpr (checkargs) {
+					multi_check<Args...>(L_, start_index_, handler);
+				}
+#endif
+				if constexpr (std::is_void_v<R>) {
+					eval<checkargs>(
+					     argument_types_, argument_indices_, L_, start_index_, handler, tracking, std::forward<Fx>(fx_), std::forward<FxArgs>(args_)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					return eval<checkargs>(
+					     argument_types_, argument_indices_, L_, start_index_, handler, tracking, std::forward<Fx>(fx_), std::forward<FxArgs>(args_)...);
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename T>
+			void raw_table_set(lua_State* L, T&& arg, int tableindex = -2) {
+				int push_count = push(L, std::forward<T>(arg));
+				SOL_ASSERT(push_count == 1);
+				std::size_t unique_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(luaL_len(L, tableindex) + 1u);
+				lua_rawseti(L, tableindex, static_cast<int>(unique_index));
+			}
+
+		} // namespace stack_detail
+
+		template <typename T>
+		int set_ref(lua_State* L, T&& arg, int tableindex = -2) {
+			int push_count = push(L, std::forward<T>(arg));
+			SOL_ASSERT(push_count == 1);
+			return luaL_ref(L, tableindex);
+		}
+
+		template <bool check_args = detail::default_safe_function_calls, typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
+		inline decltype(auto) call(types<R> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
+			using args_indices = std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>;
+			if constexpr (std::is_void_v<R>) {
+				stack_detail::call<check_args>(tr, ta, args_indices(), L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				return stack_detail::call<check_args>(tr, ta, args_indices(), L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool check_args = detail::default_safe_function_calls, typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
+		inline decltype(auto) call(types<R> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_void_v<R>) {
+				call<check_args>(tr, ta, L, 1, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				return call<check_args>(tr, ta, L, 1, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool check_args = detail::default_safe_function_calls, typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
+		inline decltype(auto) call_from_top(types<R> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... args) {
+			using expected_count_t = meta::count_for_pack<lua_size, Args...>;
+			if constexpr (std::is_void_v<R>) {
+				call<check_args>(tr,
+				     ta,
+				     L,
+				     (std::max)(static_cast<int>(lua_gettop(L) - expected_count_t::value), static_cast<int>(0)),
+				     std::forward<Fx>(fx),
+				     std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				return call<check_args>(tr,
+				     ta,
+				     L,
+				     (std::max)(static_cast<int>(lua_gettop(L) - expected_count_t::value), static_cast<int>(0)),
+				     std::forward<Fx>(fx),
+				     std::forward<FxArgs>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool check_args = detail::default_safe_function_calls, bool clean_stack = true, typename Ret0, typename... Ret, typename... Args,
+		     typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
+		inline int call_into_lua(types<Ret0, Ret...> tr, types<Args...> ta, lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... fxargs) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_void_v<Ret0>) {
+				call<check_args>(tr, ta, L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs)...);
+				if constexpr (clean_stack) {
+					lua_settop(L, 0);
+				}
+				return 0;
+			}
+			else {
+				(void)tr;
+				decltype(auto) r
+				     = call<check_args>(types<meta::return_type_t<Ret0, Ret...>>(), ta, L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs)...);
+				using R = meta::unqualified_t<decltype(r)>;
+				using is_stack = meta::any<is_stack_based<R>, std::is_same<R, absolute_index>, std::is_same<R, ref_index>, std::is_same<R, raw_index>>;
+				if constexpr (clean_stack && !is_stack::value) {
+					lua_settop(L, 0);
+				}
+				return push_reference(L, std::forward<decltype(r)>(r));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool check_args = detail::default_safe_function_calls, bool clean_stack = true, typename Fx, typename... FxArgs>
+		inline int call_lua(lua_State* L, int start, Fx&& fx, FxArgs&&... fxargs) {
+			using traits_type = lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>;
+			using args_list = typename traits_type::args_list;
+			using returns_list = typename traits_type::returns_list;
+			return call_into_lua<check_args, clean_stack>(returns_list(), args_list(), L, start, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<FxArgs>(fxargs)...);
+		}
+
+		inline call_syntax get_call_syntax(lua_State* L, const string_view& key, int index) {
+			if (lua_gettop(L) < 1) {
+				return call_syntax::dot;
+			}
+			luaL_getmetatable(L, key.data());
+			auto pn = pop_n(L, 1);
+			if (lua_compare(L, -1, index, LUA_OPEQ) != 1) {
+				return call_syntax::dot;
+			}
+			return call_syntax::colon;
+		}
+
+		inline void script(
+		     lua_State* L, lua_Reader reader, void* data, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name("lua_Reader", chunkname, basechunkname);
+			if (lua_load(L, reader, data, chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline void script(
+		     lua_State* L, const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
+			if (luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline void script_file(lua_State* L, const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			if (luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str()) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline void luajit_exception_handler(lua_State* L, int (*handler)(lua_State*, lua_CFunction) = detail::c_trampoline) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT_EXCEPTION_TRAMPOLINE)
+			if (L == nullptr) {
+				return;
+			}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)handler);
+			auto pn = pop_n(L, 1);
+			luaJIT_setmode(L, -1, LUAJIT_MODE_WRAPCFUNC | LUAJIT_MODE_ON);
+#else
+			(void)L;
+			(void)handler;
+#endif
+		}
+
+		inline void luajit_exception_off(lua_State* L) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT_EXCEPTION_TRAMPOLINE)
+			if (L == nullptr) {
+				return;
+			}
+			luaJIT_setmode(L, -1, LUAJIT_MODE_WRAPCFUNC | LUAJIT_MODE_OFF);
+#else
+			(void)L;
+#endif
+		}
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/stack.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/object.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/make_reference.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename R = reference, bool should_pop = !is_stack_based_v<R>, typename T>
+	R make_reference(lua_State* L, T&& value) {
+		int backpedal = stack::push(L, std::forward<T>(value));
+		R r = stack::get<R>(L, -backpedal);
+		if (should_pop) {
+			lua_pop(L, backpedal);
+		}
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T, typename R = reference, bool should_pop = !is_stack_based_v<R>, typename... Args>
+	R make_reference(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+		int backpedal = stack::push<T>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		R r = stack::get<R>(L, -backpedal);
+		if (should_pop) {
+			lua_pop(L, backpedal);
+		}
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	template <typename R = reference, bool should_pop = !is_stack_based_v<R>, typename T>
+	R make_reference_userdata(lua_State* L, T&& value) {
+		int backpedal = stack::push_userdata(L, std::forward<T>(value));
+		R r = stack::get<R>(L, -backpedal);
+		if (should_pop) {
+			lua_pop(L, backpedal);
+		}
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T, typename R = reference, bool should_pop = !is_stack_based_v<R>, typename... Args>
+	R make_reference_userdata(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+		int backpedal = stack::push_userdata<T>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		R r = stack::get<R>(L, -backpedal);
+		if (should_pop) {
+			lua_pop(L, backpedal);
+		}
+		return r;
+	}
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/make_reference.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/object_base.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename ref_t>
+	class basic_object_base : public ref_t {
+	private:
+		using base_t = ref_t;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) as_stack(std::true_type) const {
+			return stack::get<T>(base_t::lua_state(), base_t::stack_index());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) as_stack(std::false_type) const {
+			base_t::push();
+			return stack::pop<T>(base_t::lua_state());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool is_stack(std::true_type) const {
+			return stack::check<T>(base_t::lua_state(), base_t::stack_index(), &no_panic);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool is_stack(std::false_type) const {
+			int r = base_t::registry_index();
+			if (r == LUA_REFNIL)
+				return meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, lua_nil_t, nullopt_t, std::nullptr_t>::value ? true : false;
+			if (r == LUA_NOREF)
+				return false;
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			return stack::check<T>(base_t::lua_state(), -1, &no_panic);
+		}
+
+	public:
+		basic_object_base() noexcept = default;
+		basic_object_base(const basic_object_base&) = default;
+		basic_object_base(basic_object_base&&) = default;
+		basic_object_base& operator=(const basic_object_base&) = default;
+		basic_object_base& operator=(basic_object_base&&) = default;
+		template <typename T, typename... Args, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_object_base>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_object_base(T&& arg, Args&&... args) : base_t(std::forward<T>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) as() const {
+			return as_stack<T>(is_stack_based<base_t>());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool is() const {
+			return is_stack<T>(is_stack_based<base_t>());
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/object_base.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename base_type>
+	class basic_object : public basic_object_base<base_type> {
+	private:
+		typedef basic_object_base<base_type> base_t;
+
+		template <bool invert_and_pop = false>
+		basic_object(std::integral_constant<bool, invert_and_pop>, lua_State* L_, int index_ = -1) noexcept : base_t(L_, index_) {
+			if (invert_and_pop) {
+				lua_pop(L_, -index_);
+			}
+		}
+
+	protected:
+		basic_object(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_nil_t n) : base_t(n) {
+		}
+		basic_object(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L_, int index_) : base_t(L_, index_) {
+		}
+		basic_object(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L_, ref_index index_) : base_t(L_, index_) {
+		}
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_object>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_object(detail::no_safety_tag, T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_object(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L_, T&& r) noexcept : base_t(L_, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+		}
+
+	public:
+		basic_object() noexcept = default;
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_object>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>,
+		          is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_object(T&& r) : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, T&& r) : base_t(L_, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+		}
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, global_tag_t t) : base_t(L_, t) {
+		}
+		basic_object(lua_nil_t r) : base_t(r) {
+		}
+		basic_object(const basic_object&) = default;
+		basic_object(basic_object&&) = default;
+		basic_object(const stack_reference& r) noexcept : basic_object(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_object(stack_reference&& r) noexcept : basic_object(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_object(const proxy_base<Super>& r) noexcept : basic_object(r.operator basic_object()) {
+		}
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_object(proxy_base<Super>&& r) noexcept : basic_object(r.operator basic_object()) {
+		}
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, lua_nil_t r) noexcept : base_t(L_, r) {
+		}
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, int index_ = -1) noexcept : base_t(L_, index_) {
+		}
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, absolute_index index_) noexcept : base_t(L_, index_) {
+		}
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, raw_index index_) noexcept : base_t(L_, index_) {
+		}
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, ref_index index_) noexcept : base_t(L_, index_) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, in_place_type_t<T>, Args&&... args) noexcept
+		: basic_object(std::integral_constant<bool, !is_stack_based<base_t>::value>(), L_, -stack::push<T>(L_, std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		basic_object(lua_State* L_, in_place_t, T&& arg, Args&&... args) noexcept
+		: basic_object(L_, in_place_type<T>, std::forward<T>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+		basic_object& operator=(const basic_object&) = default;
+		basic_object& operator=(basic_object&&) = default;
+		basic_object& operator=(const base_type& b) {
+			base_t::operator=(b);
+			return *this;
+		}
+		basic_object& operator=(base_type&& b) {
+			base_t::operator=(std::move(b));
+			return *this;
+		}
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_object& operator=(const proxy_base<Super>& r) {
+			this->operator=(r.operator basic_object());
+			return *this;
+		}
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_object& operator=(proxy_base<Super>&& r) {
+			this->operator=(r.operator basic_object());
+			return *this;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	object make_object(lua_State* L_, T&& value) {
+		return make_reference<object, true>(L_, std::forward<T>(value));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T, typename... Args>
+	object make_object(lua_State* L_, Args&&... args) {
+		return make_reference<T, object, true>(L_, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	object make_object_userdata(lua_State* L_, T&& value) {
+		return make_reference_userdata<object, true>(L_, std::forward<T>(value));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T, typename... Args>
+	object make_object_userdata(lua_State* L_, Args&&... args) {
+		return make_reference_userdata<T, object, true>(L_, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/object.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/function.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/unsafe_function.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/function_result.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/protected_function_result.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/proxy_base.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct proxy_base_tag { };
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		using proxy_key_t = meta::conditional_t<meta::is_specialization_of_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, std::tuple>, T,
+		     std::tuple<meta::conditional_t<std::is_array_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>>, std::remove_reference_t<T>&, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>>;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Super>
+	struct proxy_base : public proxy_base_tag {
+		lua_State* lua_state() const {
+			const Super& super = *static_cast<const Super*>(static_cast<const void*>(this));
+			return super.lua_state();
+		}
+
+		operator std::string() const {
+			const Super& super = *static_cast<const Super*>(static_cast<const void*>(this));
+			return super.template get<std::string>();
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::is_string_constructible<T>>, is_proxy_primitive<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		operator T() const {
+			const Super& super = *static_cast<const Super*>(static_cast<const void*>(this));
+			return super.template get<T>();
+		}
+
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::is_string_constructible<T>>, meta::neg<is_proxy_primitive<meta::unqualified_t<T>>>> = meta::enabler>
+		operator T&() const {
+			const Super& super = *static_cast<const Super*>(static_cast<const void*>(this));
+			return super.template get<T&>();
+		}
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/proxy_base.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_iterator.hpp
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename proxy_t, bool is_const>
+	struct stack_iterator {
+		typedef meta::conditional_t<is_const, const proxy_t, proxy_t> reference;
+		typedef meta::conditional_t<is_const, const proxy_t*, proxy_t*> pointer;
+		typedef proxy_t value_type;
+		typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+		typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+		lua_State* L;
+		int index;
+		int stacktop;
+		proxy_t sp;
+
+		stack_iterator() : L(nullptr), index((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()), stacktop((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()), sp() {
+		}
+		stack_iterator(const stack_iterator<proxy_t, true>& r) : L(r.L), index(r.index), stacktop(r.stacktop), sp(r.sp) {
+		}
+		stack_iterator(lua_State* luastate, int idx, int topidx) : L(luastate), index(idx), stacktop(topidx), sp(luastate, idx) {
+		}
+
+		reference operator*() {
+			return proxy_t(L, index);
+		}
+
+		reference operator*() const {
+			return proxy_t(L, index);
+		}
+
+		pointer operator->() {
+			sp = proxy_t(L, index);
+			return &sp;
+		}
+
+		pointer operator->() const {
+			const_cast<proxy_t&>(sp) = proxy_t(L, index);
+			return &sp;
+		}
+
+		stack_iterator& operator++() {
+			++index;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		stack_iterator operator++(int) {
+			auto r = *this;
+			this->operator++();
+			return r;
+		}
+
+		stack_iterator& operator--() {
+			--index;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		stack_iterator operator--(int) {
+			auto r = *this;
+			this->operator--();
+			return r;
+		}
+
+		stack_iterator& operator+=(difference_type idx) {
+			index += static_cast<int>(idx);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		stack_iterator& operator-=(difference_type idx) {
+			index -= static_cast<int>(idx);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		difference_type operator-(const stack_iterator& r) const {
+			return index - r.index;
+		}
+
+		stack_iterator operator+(difference_type idx) const {
+			stack_iterator r = *this;
+			r += idx;
+			return r;
+		}
+
+		reference operator[](difference_type idx) const {
+			return proxy_t(L, index + static_cast<int>(idx));
+		}
+
+		bool operator==(const stack_iterator& r) const {
+			if (stacktop == (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) {
+				return r.index == r.stacktop;
+			}
+			else if (r.stacktop == (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) {
+				return index == stacktop;
+			}
+			return index == r.index;
+		}
+
+		bool operator!=(const stack_iterator& r) const {
+			return !(this->operator==(r));
+		}
+
+		bool operator<(const stack_iterator& r) const {
+			return index < r.index;
+		}
+
+		bool operator>(const stack_iterator& r) const {
+			return index > r.index;
+		}
+
+		bool operator<=(const stack_iterator& r) const {
+			return index <= r.index;
+		}
+
+		bool operator>=(const stack_iterator& r) const {
+			return index >= r.index;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename proxy_t, bool is_const>
+	inline stack_iterator<proxy_t, is_const> operator+(
+	     typename stack_iterator<proxy_t, is_const>::difference_type n, const stack_iterator<proxy_t, is_const>& r) {
+		return r + n;
+	}
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/stack_iterator.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_proxy.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack_proxy_base.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct stack_proxy_base : public proxy_base<stack_proxy_base> {
+	private:
+		lua_State* m_L;
+		int m_index;
+
+	public:
+		stack_proxy_base() : m_L(nullptr), m_index(0) {
+		}
+		stack_proxy_base(lua_State* L_, int index_) : m_L(L_), m_index(index_) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get() const {
+			return stack::get<T>(m_L, stack_index());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool is() const {
+			return stack::check<T>(m_L, stack_index());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) as() const {
+			return get<T>();
+		}
+
+		type get_type() const noexcept {
+			return type_of(lua_state(), stack_index());
+		}
+
+		int push() const {
+			return push(m_L);
+		}
+
+		int push(lua_State* L_) const {
+			lua_pushvalue(L_, m_index);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const {
+			return m_L;
+		}
+		int stack_index() const {
+			return m_index;
+		}
+	};
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_getter<stack_proxy_base> {
+			static stack_proxy_base get(lua_State* L_, int index_ = -1) {
+				return stack_proxy_base(L_, index_);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<stack_proxy_base> {
+			static int push(lua_State*, const stack_proxy_base& proxy_reference) {
+				return proxy_reference.push();
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/stack_proxy_base.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct stack_proxy : public stack_proxy_base {
+	public:
+		stack_proxy() : stack_proxy_base() {
+		}
+		stack_proxy(lua_State* L, int index) : stack_proxy_base(L, index) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args);
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) {
+			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+	};
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_getter<stack_proxy> {
+			static stack_proxy get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				tracking.use(0);
+				return stack_proxy(L, index);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<stack_proxy> {
+			static int push(lua_State*, const stack_proxy& ref) {
+				return ref.push();
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/stack_proxy.hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct protected_function_result : public proxy_base<protected_function_result> {
+	private:
+		lua_State* L;
+		int index;
+		int returncount;
+		int popcount;
+		call_status err;
+
+	public:
+		typedef stack_proxy reference_type;
+		typedef stack_proxy value_type;
+		typedef stack_proxy* pointer;
+		typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+		typedef std::size_t size_type;
+		typedef stack_iterator<stack_proxy, false> iterator;
+		typedef stack_iterator<stack_proxy, true> const_iterator;
+		typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+		typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+
+		protected_function_result() noexcept : protected_function_result(nullptr) {}
+		protected_function_result(lua_State* Ls, int idx = -1, int retnum = 0, int popped = 0, call_status pferr = call_status::ok) noexcept
+		: L(Ls), index(idx), returncount(retnum), popcount(popped), err(pferr) {
+		}
+
+		// We do not want anyone to copy these around willy-nilly
+		// Will likely break people, but also will probably get rid of quiet bugs that have
+		// been lurking. (E.g., Vanilla Lua will just quietly discard over-pops and under-pops:
+		// LuaJIT and other Lua engines will implode and segfault at random later times.)
+		protected_function_result(const protected_function_result&) = delete;
+		protected_function_result& operator=(const protected_function_result&) = delete;
+
+		protected_function_result(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept
+		: L(o.L), index(o.index), returncount(o.returncount), popcount(o.popcount), err(o.err) {
+			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+			// but we will be thorough
+			o.abandon();
+		}
+		protected_function_result& operator=(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept {
+			L = o.L;
+			index = o.index;
+			returncount = o.returncount;
+			popcount = o.popcount;
+			err = o.err;
+			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+			// but we will be thorough
+			o.abandon();
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result(const unsafe_function_result& o) = delete;
+		protected_function_result& operator=(const unsafe_function_result& o) = delete;
+		protected_function_result(unsafe_function_result&& o) noexcept;
+		protected_function_result& operator=(unsafe_function_result&& o) noexcept;
+
+		call_status status() const noexcept {
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const noexcept {
+			return status() == call_status::ok || status() == call_status::yielded;
+		}
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#if !SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get(int index_offset = 0) const {
+			using UT = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			int target = index + index_offset;
+			if constexpr (meta::is_optional_v<UT>) {
+				using ValueType = typename UT::value_type;
+				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ValueType, error>) {
+					if (valid()) {
+						return UT();
+					}
+					return UT(error(detail::direct_error, stack::get<std::string>(L, target)));
+				}
+				else {
+					if (!valid()) {
+						return UT();
+					}
+					return stack::get<UT>(L, target);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, error>) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_PROXIES)
+					if (valid()) {
+						type t = type_of(L, target);
+						type_panic_c_str(L, target, t, type::none, "bad get from protected_function_result (is an error)");
+					}
+#endif // Check Argument Safety
+					return error(detail::direct_error, stack::get<std::string>(L, target));
+				}
+				else {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_PROXIES)
+					if (!valid()) {
+						type t = type_of(L, target);
+						type_panic_c_str(L, target, t, type::none, "bad get from protected_function_result (is not an error)");
+					}
+#endif // Check Argument Safety
+					return stack::get<T>(L, target);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+		type get_type(int index_offset = 0) const noexcept {
+			return type_of(L, index + static_cast<int>(index_offset));
+		}
+
+		stack_proxy operator[](difference_type index_offset) const {
+			return stack_proxy(L, index + static_cast<int>(index_offset));
+		}
+
+		iterator begin() {
+			return iterator(L, index, stack_index() + return_count());
+		}
+		iterator end() {
+			return iterator(L, stack_index() + return_count(), stack_index() + return_count());
+		}
+		const_iterator begin() const {
+			return const_iterator(L, index, stack_index() + return_count());
+		}
+		const_iterator end() const {
+			return const_iterator(L, stack_index() + return_count(), stack_index() + return_count());
+		}
+		const_iterator cbegin() const {
+			return begin();
+		}
+		const_iterator cend() const {
+			return end();
+		}
+
+		reverse_iterator rbegin() {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<iterator>(begin());
+		}
+		reverse_iterator rend() {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<iterator>(end());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(begin());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(end());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(cbegin());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator crend() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(cend());
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return L;
+		};
+		int stack_index() const noexcept {
+			return index;
+		};
+		int return_count() const noexcept {
+			return returncount;
+		};
+		int pop_count() const noexcept {
+			return popcount;
+		};
+		void abandon() noexcept {
+			// L = nullptr;
+			index = 0;
+			returncount = 0;
+			popcount = 0;
+			err = call_status::runtime;
+		}
+		~protected_function_result() {
+			if (L == nullptr)
+				return;
+			stack::remove(L, index, popcount);
+		}
+	};
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<protected_function_result> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const protected_function_result& pfr) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+				luaL_checkstack(L, static_cast<int>(pfr.pop_count()), detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+				int p = 0;
+				for (int i = 0; i < pfr.pop_count(); ++i) {
+					lua_pushvalue(L, i + pfr.stack_index());
+					++p;
+				}
+				return p;
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/protected_function_result.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/unsafe_function_result.hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct unsafe_function_result : public proxy_base<unsafe_function_result> {
+	private:
+		lua_State* L;
+		int index;
+		int returncount;
+
+	public:
+		typedef stack_proxy reference_type;
+		typedef stack_proxy value_type;
+		typedef stack_proxy* pointer;
+		typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+		typedef std::size_t size_type;
+		typedef stack_iterator<stack_proxy, false> iterator;
+		typedef stack_iterator<stack_proxy, true> const_iterator;
+		typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+		typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+
+		unsafe_function_result() noexcept : unsafe_function_result(nullptr) {}
+		unsafe_function_result(lua_State* Ls, int idx = -1, int retnum = 0) noexcept : L(Ls), index(idx), returncount(retnum) {
+		}
+
+		// We do not want anyone to copy these around willy-nilly
+		// Will likely break people, but also will probably get rid of quiet bugs that have
+		// been lurking. (E.g., Vanilla Lua will just quietly discard over-pops and under-pops:
+		// LuaJIT and other Lua engines will implode and segfault at random later times.)
+		unsafe_function_result(const unsafe_function_result&) = delete;
+		unsafe_function_result& operator=(const unsafe_function_result&) = delete;
+
+		unsafe_function_result(unsafe_function_result&& o) noexcept : L(o.L), index(o.index), returncount(o.returncount) {
+			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+			// but will be thorough
+			o.abandon();
+		}
+		unsafe_function_result& operator=(unsafe_function_result&& o) noexcept {
+			L = o.L;
+			index = o.index;
+			returncount = o.returncount;
+			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+			// but will be thorough
+			o.abandon();
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		unsafe_function_result(const protected_function_result& o) = delete;
+		unsafe_function_result& operator=(const protected_function_result& o) = delete;
+		unsafe_function_result(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept;
+		unsafe_function_result& operator=(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get(difference_type index_offset = 0) const {
+			return stack::get<T>(L, index + static_cast<int>(index_offset));
+		}
+
+		type get_type(difference_type index_offset = 0) const noexcept {
+			return type_of(L, index + static_cast<int>(index_offset));
+		}
+
+		stack_proxy operator[](difference_type index_offset) const {
+			return stack_proxy(L, index + static_cast<int>(index_offset));
+		}
+
+		iterator begin() {
+			return iterator(L, index, stack_index() + return_count());
+		}
+		iterator end() {
+			return iterator(L, stack_index() + return_count(), stack_index() + return_count());
+		}
+		const_iterator begin() const {
+			return const_iterator(L, index, stack_index() + return_count());
+		}
+		const_iterator end() const {
+			return const_iterator(L, stack_index() + return_count(), stack_index() + return_count());
+		}
+		const_iterator cbegin() const {
+			return begin();
+		}
+		const_iterator cend() const {
+			return end();
+		}
+
+		reverse_iterator rbegin() {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<iterator>(begin());
+		}
+		reverse_iterator rend() {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<iterator>(end());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(begin());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(end());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(cbegin());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator crend() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(cend());
+		}
+
+		call_status status() const noexcept {
+			return call_status::ok;
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const noexcept {
+			return status() == call_status::ok || status() == call_status::yielded;
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const {
+			return L;
+		};
+		int stack_index() const {
+			return index;
+		};
+		int return_count() const {
+			return returncount;
+		};
+		void abandon() noexcept {
+			// L = nullptr;
+			index = 0;
+			returncount = 0;
+		}
+		~unsafe_function_result() {
+			if (L != nullptr) {
+				lua_pop(L, returncount);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<unsafe_function_result> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const unsafe_function_result& fr) {
+				int p = 0;
+				for (int i = 0; i < fr.return_count(); ++i) {
+					lua_pushvalue(L, i + fr.stack_index());
+					++p;
+				}
+				return p;
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/unsafe_function_result.hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <>
+		struct is_speshul<unsafe_function_result> : std::true_type { };
+		template <>
+		struct is_speshul<protected_function_result> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <std::size_t I, typename... Args, typename T>
+		stack_proxy get(types<Args...>, meta::index_value<0>, meta::index_value<I>, const T& fr) {
+			return stack_proxy(fr.lua_state(), fr.stack_index() + static_cast<int>(I));
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, std::size_t N, typename Arg, typename... Args, typename T, meta::enable<meta::boolean<(N > 0)>> = meta::enabler>
+		stack_proxy get(types<Arg, Args...>, meta::index_value<N>, meta::index_value<I>, const T& fr) {
+			return get(types<Args...>(), meta::index_value<N - 1>(), meta::index_value<I + lua_size<Arg>::value>(), fr);
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <>
+	struct tie_size<unsafe_function_result> : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, SIZE_MAX> { };
+
+	template <>
+	struct tie_size<protected_function_result> : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, SIZE_MAX> { };
+
+	template <std::size_t I>
+	stack_proxy get(const unsafe_function_result& fr) {
+		return stack_proxy(fr.lua_state(), fr.stack_index() + static_cast<int>(I));
+	}
+
+	template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>
+	stack_proxy get(types<Args...> t, const unsafe_function_result& fr) {
+		return detail::get(t, meta::index_value<I>(), meta::index_value<0>(), fr);
+	}
+
+	template <std::size_t I>
+	stack_proxy get(const protected_function_result& fr) {
+		return stack_proxy(fr.lua_state(), fr.stack_index() + static_cast<int>(I));
+	}
+
+	template <std::size_t I, typename... Args>
+	stack_proxy get(types<Args...> t, const protected_function_result& fr) {
+		return detail::get(t, meta::index_value<I>(), meta::index_value<0>(), fr);
+	}
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/function_result.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/function_types.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/function_types_core.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/wrapper.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		using array_return_type = meta::conditional_t<std::is_array<T>::value, std::add_lvalue_reference_t<T>, T>;
+	}
+
+	template <typename F, typename = void>
+	struct wrapper {
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> traits_type;
+		typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
+		typedef typename traits_type::args_list free_args_list;
+		typedef typename traits_type::returns_list returns_list;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		static decltype(auto) call(F& f, Args&&... args) {
+			return f(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		struct caller {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			decltype(auto) operator()(F& fx, Args&&... args) const {
+				return call(fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+	};
+
+	template <typename F>
+	struct wrapper<F, std::enable_if_t<std::is_function<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<F>>>::value>> {
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<F>>> traits_type;
+		typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
+		typedef typename traits_type::args_list free_args_list;
+		typedef typename traits_type::returns_list returns_list;
+
+		template <F fx, typename... Args>
+		static decltype(auto) invoke(Args&&... args) {
+			return fx(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		static decltype(auto) call(F& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			return fx(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		struct caller {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			decltype(auto) operator()(F& fx, Args&&... args) const {
+				return call(fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <F fx>
+		struct invoker {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+				return invoke<fx>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+	};
+
+	template <typename F>
+	struct wrapper<F, std::enable_if_t<std::is_member_object_pointer<meta::unqualified_t<F>>::value>> {
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> traits_type;
+		typedef typename traits_type::object_type object_type;
+		typedef typename traits_type::return_type return_type;
+		typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
+		typedef types<object_type&, return_type> free_args_list;
+		typedef typename traits_type::returns_list returns_list;
+
+		template <F fx>
+		static auto call(object_type& mem) -> detail::array_return_type<decltype(mem.*fx)> {
+			return mem.*fx;
+		}
+
+		template <F fx, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+		static decltype(auto) invoke(object_type& mem, Arg&& arg, Args&&...) {
+			return mem.*fx = std::forward<Arg>(arg);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		static auto call(Fx&& fx, object_type& mem) -> detail::array_return_type<decltype(mem.*fx)> {
+			return mem.*fx;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+		static void call(Fx&& fx, object_type& mem, Arg&& arg, Args&&...) {
+			using actual_type = meta::unqualified_t<detail::array_return_type<decltype(mem.*fx)>>;
+			if constexpr (std::is_array_v<actual_type>) {
+				using std::cbegin;
+				using std::cend;
+				auto first = cbegin(arg);
+				auto last = cend(arg);
+				for (std::size_t i = 0; first != last; ++i, ++first) {
+					(mem.*fx)[i] = *first;
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				(mem.*fx) = std::forward<Arg>(arg);
+			}
+		}
+
+		struct caller {
+			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
+			decltype(auto) operator()(Fx&& fx, object_type& mem, Args&&... args) const {
+				return call(std::forward<Fx>(fx), mem, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <F fx>
+		struct invoker {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+				return invoke<fx>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+	};
+
+	template <typename F, typename R, typename O, typename... FArgs>
+	struct member_function_wrapper {
+		typedef O object_type;
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<F> traits_type;
+		typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
+		typedef types<object_type&, FArgs...> free_args_list;
+		typedef meta::tuple_types<R> returns_list;
+
+		template <F fx, typename... Args>
+		static R invoke(O& mem, Args&&... args) {
+			return (mem.*fx)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		static R call(Fx&& fx, O& mem, Args&&... args) {
+			return (mem.*fx)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		struct caller {
+			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
+			decltype(auto) operator()(Fx&& fx, O& mem, Args&&... args) const {
+				return call(std::forward<Fx>(fx), mem, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <F fx>
+		struct invoker {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			decltype(auto) operator()(O& mem, Args&&... args) const {
+				return invoke<fx>(mem, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+	};
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...)> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...), R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...)&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...)&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...)&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...)&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) &&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...)&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const&&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile&&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) &&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...)&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const&&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&&> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+	// noexcept has become a part of a function's type
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...)& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...)& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...)& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...)& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile& noexcept>
+	: public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...)&& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...)& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const&& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile&& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args...) const volatile& noexcept, R, O, Args...> {
+	};
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...)&& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...)& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const&& noexcept> : public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+	template <typename R, typename O, typename... Args>
+	struct wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile&& noexcept>
+	: public member_function_wrapper<R (O::*)(Args..., ...) const volatile& noexcept, R, O, Args...> { };
+
+#endif // noexcept is part of a function's type
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/wrapper.hpp
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace sol { namespace function_detail {
+	template <typename Fx, int start = 1, bool is_yielding = false>
+	int call(lua_State* L) {
+		Fx& fx = stack::get<user<Fx>>(L, upvalue_index(start));
+		int nr = fx(L);
+		if (is_yielding) {
+			return lua_yield(L, nr);
+		}
+		else {
+			return nr;
+		}
+	}
+}} // namespace sol::function_detail
+
+// end of sol/function_types_core.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/function_types_templated.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/call.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/property.hpp
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		struct no_prop { };
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename R, typename W>
+	struct property_wrapper : detail::ebco<R, 0>, detail::ebco<W, 1> {
+	private:
+		using read_base_t = detail::ebco<R, 0>;
+		using write_base_t = detail::ebco<W, 1>;
+
+	public:
+		template <typename Rx, typename Wx>
+		property_wrapper(Rx&& r, Wx&& w) : read_base_t(std::forward<Rx>(r)), write_base_t(std::forward<Wx>(w)) {
+		}
+
+		W& write() {
+			return write_base_t::value();
+		}
+
+		const W& write() const {
+			return write_base_t::value();
+		}
+
+		R& read() {
+			return read_base_t::value();
+		}
+
+		const R& read() const {
+			return read_base_t::value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename F, typename G>
+	inline decltype(auto) property(F&& f, G&& g) {
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> left_traits;
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<G>> right_traits;
+		if constexpr (left_traits::free_arity < right_traits::free_arity) {
+			return property_wrapper<std::decay_t<F>, std::decay_t<G>>(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<G>(g));
+		}
+		else {
+			return property_wrapper<std::decay_t<G>, std::decay_t<F>>(std::forward<G>(g), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+	}
+
+	template <typename F>
+	inline decltype(auto) property(F&& f) {
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> left_traits;
+		if constexpr (left_traits::free_arity < 2) {
+			return property_wrapper<std::decay_t<F>, detail::no_prop>(std::forward<F>(f), detail::no_prop());
+		}
+		else {
+			return property_wrapper<detail::no_prop, std::decay_t<F>>(detail::no_prop(), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+	}
+
+	template <typename F>
+	inline decltype(auto) readonly_property(F&& f) {
+		return property_wrapper<std::decay_t<F>, detail::no_prop>(std::forward<F>(f), detail::no_prop());
+	}
+
+	template <typename F>
+	inline decltype(auto) writeonly_property(F&& f) {
+		return property_wrapper<detail::no_prop, std::decay_t<F>>(detail::no_prop(), std::forward<F>(f));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct readonly_wrapper : detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		operator T&() {
+			return base_t::value();
+		}
+		operator const T&() const {
+			return base_t::value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	// Allow someone to make a member variable readonly (const)
+	template <typename R, typename T>
+	inline auto readonly(R T::*v) {
+		return readonly_wrapper<meta::unqualified_t<decltype(v)>>(v);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct var_wrapper : detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+	};
+
+	template <typename V>
+	inline auto var(V&& v) {
+		typedef std::decay_t<V> T;
+		return var_wrapper<T>(std::forward<V>(v));
+	}
+
+	namespace meta {
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_member_object = std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_member_object_pointer_v<T> || is_specialization_of_v<T, readonly_wrapper>>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_member_object_v = is_member_object<T>::value;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_member_object_or_function = std::integral_constant<bool, is_member_object_v<T> || std::is_member_pointer_v<T>>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		inline constexpr bool is_member_object_or_function_v = is_member_object_or_function<T>::value;
+	} // namespace meta
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/property.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/protect.hpp
+
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct protect_t {
+		T value;
+
+		template <typename Arg, typename... Args, meta::disable<std::is_same<protect_t, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>> = meta::enabler>
+		protect_t(Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) : value(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		protect_t(const protect_t&) = default;
+		protect_t(protect_t&&) = default;
+		protect_t& operator=(const protect_t&) = default;
+		protect_t& operator=(protect_t&&) = default;
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	auto protect(T&& value) {
+		return protect_t<std::decay_t<T>>(std::forward<T>(value));
+	}
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/protect.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace u_detail {
+
+	} // namespace u_detail
+
+	namespace policy_detail {
+		template <int I, int... In>
+		inline void handle_policy(static_stack_dependencies<I, In...>, lua_State* L, int&) {
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(In) == 0) {
+				(void)L;
+				return;
+			}
+			else {
+				absolute_index ai(L, I);
+				if (type_of(L, ai) != type::userdata) {
+					return;
+				}
+				lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(In)), 0);
+				stack_reference deps(L, -1);
+				auto per_dep = [&L, &deps](int i) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+					luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+					lua_pushvalue(L, i);
+					luaL_ref(L, deps.stack_index());
+				};
+				(void)per_dep;
+				(void)detail::swallow { int(), (per_dep(In), int())... };
+				lua_setuservalue(L, ai);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <int... In>
+		inline void handle_policy(returns_self_with<In...>, lua_State* L, int& pushed) {
+			pushed = stack::push(L, raw_index(1));
+			handle_policy(static_stack_dependencies<-1, In...>(), L, pushed);
+		}
+
+		inline void handle_policy(const stack_dependencies& sdeps, lua_State* L, int&) {
+			absolute_index ai(L, sdeps.target);
+			if (type_of(L, ai) != type::userdata) {
+				return;
+			}
+			lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(sdeps.size()), 0);
+			stack_reference deps(L, -1);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, static_cast<int>(sdeps.size()), detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sdeps.size(); ++i) {
+				lua_pushvalue(L, sdeps.stack_indices[i]);
+				luaL_ref(L, deps.stack_index());
+			}
+			lua_setuservalue(L, ai);
+		}
+
+		template <typename P, meta::disable<std::is_base_of<detail::policy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<P>>> = meta::enabler>
+		inline void handle_policy(P&& p, lua_State* L, int& pushed) {
+			pushed = std::forward<P>(p)(L, pushed);
+		}
+	} // namespace policy_detail
+
+	namespace function_detail {
+		inline int no_construction_error(lua_State* L) {
+			return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot call this constructor (tagged as non-constructible)");
+		}
+	} // namespace function_detail
+
+	namespace call_detail {
+
+		template <typename R, typename W>
+		inline auto& pick(std::true_type, property_wrapper<R, W>& f) {
+			return f.read();
+		}
+
+		template <typename R, typename W>
+		inline auto& pick(std::false_type, property_wrapper<R, W>& f) {
+			return f.write();
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename List>
+		struct void_call : void_call<T, meta::function_args_t<List>> { };
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		struct void_call<T, types<Args...>> {
+			static void call(Args...) {
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, bool checked, bool clean_stack>
+		struct constructor_match {
+			T* obj_;
+			reference* obj_lua_ref_;
+			stack::stack_detail::undefined_metatable* p_umf_;
+
+			constructor_match(T* obj_ptr, reference& obj_lua_ref, stack::stack_detail::undefined_metatable& umf)
+			: obj_(obj_ptr), obj_lua_ref_(&obj_lua_ref), p_umf_(&umf) {
+			}
+
+			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
+			int operator()(types<Fx>, meta::index_value<I>, types<R...> r, types<Args...> a, lua_State* L, int, int start) const {
+				detail::default_construct func {};
+				int result = stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(r, a, L, start, func, this->obj_);
+				// construct userdata table
+				// SPECIFICALLY, after we've created it successfully.
+				// If the constructor exits for any reason we have to break things down...
+				if constexpr (clean_stack) {
+					obj_lua_ref_->push();
+					(*this->p_umf_)();
+					obj_lua_ref_->pop();
+				}
+				else {
+					(*this->p_umf_)();
+				}
+				return result;
+			}
+		};
+
+		namespace overload_detail {
+			template <std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&&, lua_State* L, int, int, Args&&...) {
+				return luaL_error(L, "sol: no matching function call takes this number of arguments and the specified types");
+			}
+
+			template <typename Fx, typename... Fxs, std::size_t I, std::size_t... In, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity(types<Fx, Fxs...>, std::index_sequence<I, In...>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L,
+			     int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
+				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
+				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
+				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
+				if constexpr (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value
+				     && meta::find_in_pack_v<meta::index_value<traits::free_arity>, meta::index_value<M>...>::value) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<Fxs...>(),
+					     std::index_sequence<In...>(),
+					     std::index_sequence<M...>(),
+					     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+					     L,
+					     fxarity,
+					     start,
+					     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					if constexpr (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value) {
+						if (traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
+							return overload_match_arity(types<Fxs...>(),
+							     std::index_sequence<In...>(),
+							     std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(),
+							     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+							     L,
+							     fxarity,
+							     start,
+							     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+						}
+					}
+					stack::record tracking {};
+					if (!stack::stack_detail::check_types(args_list(), L, start, &no_panic, tracking)) {
+						return overload_match_arity(types<Fxs...>(),
+						     std::index_sequence<In...>(),
+						     std::index_sequence<M...>(),
+						     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+						     L,
+						     fxarity,
+						     start,
+						     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+					return matchfx(types<Fx>(), meta::index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(
+			     types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				return overload_match_arity(types<>(),
+				     std::index_sequence<>(),
+				     std::index_sequence<M...>(),
+				     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+				     L,
+				     fxarity,
+				     start,
+				     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, std::size_t... M, typename Match, typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(
+			     types<Fx>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
+				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
+				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
+				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
+				if constexpr (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value
+				     && meta::find_in_pack_v<meta::index_value<traits::free_arity>, meta::index_value<M>...>::value) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<>(),
+					     std::index_sequence<>(),
+					     std::index_sequence<M...>(),
+					     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+					     L,
+					     fxarity,
+					     start,
+					     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				if constexpr (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value) {
+					if (traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
+						return overload_match_arity(types<>(),
+						     std::index_sequence<>(),
+						     std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(),
+						     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+						     L,
+						     fxarity,
+						     start,
+						     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+				}
+				return matchfx(types<Fx>(), meta::index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Fx, typename Fx1, typename... Fxs, std::size_t I, std::size_t I1, std::size_t... In, std::size_t... M, typename Match,
+			     typename... Args>
+			inline int overload_match_arity_single(types<Fx, Fx1, Fxs...>, std::index_sequence<I, I1, In...>, std::index_sequence<M...>, Match&& matchfx,
+			     lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+				typedef lua_bind_traits<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> traits;
+				typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits::return_type> return_types;
+				typedef typename traits::free_args_list args_list;
+				// compile-time eliminate any functions that we know ahead of time are of improper arity
+				if constexpr (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value
+				     && meta::find_in_pack_v<meta::index_value<traits::free_arity>, meta::index_value<M>...>::value) {
+					return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(),
+					     std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(),
+					     std::index_sequence<M...>(),
+					     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+					     L,
+					     fxarity,
+					     start,
+					     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					if constexpr (!traits::runtime_variadics_t::value) {
+						if (traits::free_arity != fxarity) {
+							return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(),
+							     std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(),
+							     std::index_sequence<traits::free_arity, M...>(),
+							     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+							     L,
+							     fxarity,
+							     start,
+							     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+						}
+					}
+					stack::record tracking {};
+					if (!stack::stack_detail::check_types(args_list(), L, start, &no_panic, tracking)) {
+						return overload_match_arity(types<Fx1, Fxs...>(),
+						     std::index_sequence<I1, In...>(),
+						     std::index_sequence<M...>(),
+						     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+						     L,
+						     fxarity,
+						     start,
+						     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+					return matchfx(types<Fx>(), meta::index_value<I>(), return_types(), args_list(), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+			}
+		} // namespace overload_detail
+
+		template <typename... Functions, typename Match, typename... Args>
+		inline int overload_match_arity(Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+			return overload_detail::overload_match_arity_single(types<Functions...>(),
+			     std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Functions)>(),
+			     std::index_sequence<>(),
+			     std::forward<Match>(matchfx),
+			     L,
+			     fxarity,
+			     start,
+			     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Functions, typename Match, typename... Args>
+		inline int overload_match(Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int start, Args&&... args) {
+			int fxarity = lua_gettop(L) - (start - 1);
+			return overload_match_arity<Functions...>(std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... TypeLists, typename Match, typename... Args>
+		inline int construct_match(Match&& matchfx, lua_State* L, int fxarity, int start, Args&&... args) {
+			// use same overload resolution matching as all other parts of the framework
+			return overload_match_arity<decltype(void_call<T, TypeLists>::call)...>(
+			     std::forward<Match>(matchfx), L, fxarity, start, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, bool checked, bool clean_stack, typename... TypeLists>
+		inline int construct_trampolined(lua_State* L) {
+			static const auto& meta = usertype_traits<T>::metatable();
+			int argcount = lua_gettop(L);
+			call_syntax syntax = argcount > 0 ? stack::get_call_syntax(L, usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable(), 1) : call_syntax::dot;
+			argcount -= static_cast<int>(syntax);
+
+			T* obj = detail::usertype_allocate<T>(L);
+			reference userdataref(L, -1);
+			stack::stack_detail::undefined_metatable umf(L, &meta[0], &stack::stack_detail::set_undefined_methods_on<T>);
+
+			// put userdata at the first index
+			lua_insert(L, 1);
+			construct_match<T, TypeLists...>(constructor_match<T, checked, clean_stack>(obj, userdataref, umf), L, argcount, 1 + static_cast<int>(syntax));
+
+			userdataref.push();
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, bool checked, bool clean_stack, typename... TypeLists>
+		inline int construct(lua_State* L) {
+			return detail::static_trampoline<&construct_trampolined<T, checked, clean_stack, TypeLists...>>(L);
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename = void>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper {
+			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
+			static int call(lua_State* L, Fx&& f, Args&&... args) {
+				using uFx = meta::unqualified_t<Fx>;
+				static constexpr bool is_ref = is_lua_reference_v<uFx>;
+				if constexpr (is_ref) {
+					if constexpr (is_index) {
+						return stack::push(L, std::forward<Fx>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+					else {
+						std::forward<Fx>(f) = stack::unqualified_get<F>(L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 1));
+						return 0;
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					using wrap = wrapper<uFx>;
+					using traits_type = typename wrap::traits_type;
+					using fp_t = typename traits_type::function_pointer_type;
+					constexpr bool is_function_pointer_convertible = std::is_class_v<uFx> && std::is_convertible_v<std::decay_t<Fx>, fp_t>;
+					if constexpr (is_function_pointer_convertible) {
+						fp_t fx = f;
+						return agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<fp_t, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> {}.call(
+						     L, fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+					else {
+						using returns_list = typename wrap::returns_list;
+						using args_list = typename wrap::free_args_list;
+						using caller = typename wrap::caller;
+						return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(
+						     returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + 1, caller(), std::forward<Fx>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<var_wrapper<T>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			template <typename F>
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F&& f) {
+				if constexpr (is_index) {
+					constexpr bool is_stack = is_stack_based_v<meta::unqualified_t<decltype(detail::unwrap(f.value()))>>;
+					if constexpr (clean_stack && !is_stack) {
+						lua_settop(L, 0);
+					}
+					return stack::push_reference(L, detail::unwrap(f.value()));
+				}
+				else {
+					if constexpr (std::is_const_v<meta::unwrapped_t<T>>) {
+						(void)f;
+						return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to a readonly (const) variable");
+					}
+					else {
+						using R = meta::unwrapped_t<T>;
+						if constexpr (std::is_assignable_v<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<meta::unqualified_t<R>>, R>) {
+							detail::unwrap(f.value()) = stack::unqualified_get<meta::unwrapped_t<T>>(L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 1));
+							if (clean_stack) {
+								lua_settop(L, 0);
+							}
+							return 0;
+						}
+						else {
+							return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to this variable: copy assignment/constructor not available");
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<lua_CFunction_ref, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			static int call(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction_ref f) {
+				return f(L);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<lua_CFunction, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			static int call(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f) {
+				return f(L);
+			}
+		};
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			static int call(lua_State* L, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept f) {
+				return f(L);
+			}
+		};
+#endif // noexcept function types
+
+		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<detail::no_prop, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			static int call(lua_State* L, const detail::no_prop&) {
+				return luaL_error(L, is_index ? "sol: cannot read from a writeonly property" : "sol: cannot write to a readonly property");
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<no_construction, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			static int call(lua_State* L, const no_construction&) {
+				return function_detail::no_construction_error(L);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename... Args, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<bases<Args...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			static int call(lua_State*, const bases<Args...>&) {
+				// Uh. How did you even call this, lul
+				return 0;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<std::reference_wrapper<T>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			static int call(lua_State* L, std::reference_wrapper<T> f) {
+				agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<T, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> alcw {};
+				return alcw.call(L, f.get());
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename F, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked = detail::default_safe_function_calls, int boost = 0,
+		     bool clean_stack = true, typename = void>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper {
+			template <typename Fx, typename... Args>
+			static int call(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_member_function_pointer_v<F>) {
+					using wrap = wrapper<F>;
+					using object_type = typename wrap::object_type;
+					if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) < 1) {
+						using Ta = meta::conditional_t<std::is_void_v<T>, object_type, T>;
+						static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<object_type, Ta>,
+						     "It seems like you might have accidentally bound a class type with a member function method that does not correspond to the "
+						     "class. For example, there could be a small type in your new_usertype<T>(...) binding, where you specify one class \"T\" "
+						     "but then bind member methods from a complete unrelated class. Check things over!");
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE)
+						auto maybeo = stack::check_get<Ta*>(L, 1);
+						if (!maybeo || maybeo.value() == nullptr) {
+							return luaL_error(L,
+							     "sol: received nil for 'self' argument (use ':' for accessing member functions, make sure member variables are "
+							     "preceeded by the "
+							     "actual object with '.' syntax)");
+						}
+						object_type* o = static_cast<object_type*>(maybeo.value());
+						return call(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), *o);
+#else
+						object_type& o = static_cast<object_type&>(*stack::unqualified_get<non_null<Ta*>>(L, 1));
+						return call(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), o);
+#endif // Safety
+					}
+					else {
+						using returns_list = typename wrap::returns_list;
+						using args_list = typename wrap::args_list;
+						using caller = typename wrap::caller;
+						return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(
+						     returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2), caller(), std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+				}
+				else if constexpr (std::is_member_object_pointer_v<F>) {
+					using wrap = wrapper<F>;
+					using object_type = typename wrap::object_type;
+					if constexpr (is_index) {
+						if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) < 1) {
+							using Ta = meta::conditional_t<std::is_void_v<T>, object_type, T>;
+							static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<object_type, Ta>,
+							     "It seems like you might have accidentally bound a class type with a member function method that does not correspond "
+							     "to the class. For example, there could be a small type in your new_usertype<T>(...) binding, where you specify one "
+							     "class \"T\" but then bind member methods from a complete unrelated class. Check things over!");
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE)
+							auto maybeo = stack::check_get<Ta*>(L, 1);
+							if (!maybeo || maybeo.value() == nullptr) {
+								if (is_variable) {
+									return luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is lua_nil (bad '.' access?)");
+								}
+								return luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is lua_nil (pass 'self' as first argument)");
+							}
+							object_type* o = static_cast<object_type*>(maybeo.value());
+							return call(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), *o);
+#else
+							object_type& o = static_cast<object_type&>(*stack::get<non_null<Ta*>>(L, 1));
+							return call(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), o);
+#endif // Safety
+						}
+						else {
+							using returns_list = typename wrap::returns_list;
+							using caller = typename wrap::caller;
+							return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(returns_list(),
+							     types<>(),
+							     L,
+							     boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2),
+							     caller(),
+							     std::forward<Fx>(fx),
+							     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						using traits_type = lua_bind_traits<F>;
+						using return_type = typename traits_type::return_type;
+						constexpr bool ret_is_const = std::is_const_v<std::remove_reference_t<return_type>>;
+						if constexpr (ret_is_const) {
+							(void)fx;
+							(void)detail::swallow { 0, (static_cast<void>(args), 0)... };
+							return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to a readonly (const) variable");
+						}
+						else {
+							using u_return_type = meta::unqualified_t<return_type>;
+							constexpr bool is_assignable = std::is_copy_assignable_v<u_return_type> || std::is_array_v<u_return_type>;
+							if constexpr (!is_assignable) {
+								(void)fx;
+								(void)detail::swallow { 0, ((void)args, 0)... };
+								return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to this variable: copy assignment/constructor not available");
+							}
+							else {
+								using args_list = typename wrap::args_list;
+								using caller = typename wrap::caller;
+								if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) > 0) {
+									return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(types<void>(),
+									     args_list(),
+									     L,
+									     boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2),
+									     caller(),
+									     std::forward<Fx>(fx),
+									     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+								}
+								else {
+									using Ta = meta::conditional_t<std::is_void_v<T>, object_type, T>;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE)
+									auto maybeo = stack::check_get<Ta*>(L, 1);
+									if (!maybeo || maybeo.value() == nullptr) {
+										if (is_variable) {
+											return luaL_error(L, "sol: received nil for 'self' argument (bad '.' access?)");
+										}
+										return luaL_error(L, "sol: received nil for 'self' argument (pass 'self' as first argument)");
+									}
+									object_type* po = static_cast<object_type*>(maybeo.value());
+									object_type& o = *po;
+#else
+									object_type& o = static_cast<object_type&>(*stack::get<non_null<Ta*>>(L, 1));
+#endif // Safety
+
+									return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(
+									     types<void>(), args_list(), L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2), caller(), std::forward<Fx>(fx), o);
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					agnostic_lua_call_wrapper<F, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> alcw {};
+					return alcw.call(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename F, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, readonly_wrapper<F>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			using traits_type = lua_bind_traits<F>;
+			using wrap = wrapper<F>;
+			using object_type = typename wrap::object_type;
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, readonly_wrapper<F>&& rw) {
+				if constexpr (!is_index) {
+					(void)rw;
+					return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to a sol::readonly variable");
+				}
+				else {
+					lua_call_wrapper<T, F, true, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> lcw;
+					return lcw.call(L, std::move(rw.value()));
+				}
+			}
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, readonly_wrapper<F>&& rw, object_type& o) {
+				if constexpr (!is_index) {
+					(void)o;
+					return call(L, std::move(rw));
+				}
+				else {
+					lua_call_wrapper<T, F, true, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> lcw;
+					return lcw.call(L, rw.value(), o);
+				}
+			}
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, const readonly_wrapper<F>& rw) {
+				if constexpr (!is_index) {
+					(void)rw;
+					return luaL_error(L, "sol: cannot write to a sol::readonly variable");
+				}
+				else {
+					lua_call_wrapper<T, F, true, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> lcw;
+					return lcw.call(L, rw.value());
+				}
+			}
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, const readonly_wrapper<F>& rw, object_type& o) {
+				if constexpr (!is_index) {
+					(void)o;
+					return call(L, rw);
+				}
+				else {
+					lua_call_wrapper<T, F, true, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> lcw;
+					return lcw.call(L, rw.value(), o);
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, constructor_list<Args...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			typedef constructor_list<Args...> F;
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F&) {
+				const auto& meta = usertype_traits<T>::metatable();
+				int argcount = lua_gettop(L);
+				call_syntax syntax = argcount > 0 ? stack::get_call_syntax(L, usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable(), 1) : call_syntax::dot;
+				argcount -= static_cast<int>(syntax);
+
+				T* obj = detail::usertype_allocate<T>(L);
+				reference userdataref(L, -1);
+				stack::stack_detail::undefined_metatable umf(L, &meta[0], &stack::stack_detail::set_undefined_methods_on<T>);
+
+				// put userdata at the first index
+				lua_insert(L, 1);
+				// Because of the way constructors work,
+				// we have to kill the data, but only if the cosntructor is successfulyl invoked...
+				// if it's not successfully invoked and we panic,
+				// we cannot actually deallcoate/delete the data.
+				construct_match<T, Args...>(
+				     constructor_match<T, checked, clean_stack>(obj, userdataref, umf), L, argcount, boost + 1 + 1 + static_cast<int>(syntax));
+
+				userdataref.push();
+				return 1;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Cxs, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, constructor_wrapper<Cxs...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			typedef constructor_wrapper<Cxs...> F;
+
+			struct onmatch {
+				template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
+				int operator()(types<Fx>, meta::index_value<I>, types<R...> r, types<Args...> a, lua_State* L, int, int start, F& f) {
+					const auto& meta = usertype_traits<T>::metatable();
+					T* obj = detail::usertype_allocate<T>(L);
+					reference userdataref(L, -1);
+					stack::stack_detail::undefined_metatable umf(L, &meta[0], &stack::stack_detail::set_undefined_methods_on<T>);
+					umf();
+
+					auto& func = std::get<I>(f.functions);
+					// put userdata at the first index
+					lua_insert(L, 1);
+					stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(r, a, L, boost + 1 + start, func, detail::implicit_wrapper<T>(obj));
+
+					userdataref.push();
+					return 1;
+				}
+			};
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F& f) {
+				call_syntax syntax = stack::get_call_syntax(L, usertype_traits<T>::user_metatable(), 1);
+				int syntaxval = static_cast<int>(syntax);
+				int argcount = lua_gettop(L) - syntaxval;
+				return construct_match<T, meta::pop_front_type_t<meta::function_args_t<Cxs>>...>(onmatch(), L, argcount, 1 + syntaxval, f);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename Fx, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, destructor_wrapper<Fx>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+
+			template <typename F>
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F&& f) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_void_v<Fx>) {
+					return detail::usertype_alloc_destroy<T>(L);
+				}
+				else {
+					using uFx = meta::unqualified_t<Fx>;
+					lua_call_wrapper<T, uFx, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> lcw {};
+					return lcw.call(L, std::forward<F>(f).fx);
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Fs, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, overload_set<Fs...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			typedef overload_set<Fs...> F;
+
+			struct on_match {
+				template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
+				int operator()(types<Fx>, meta::index_value<I>, types<R...>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int, int, F& fx) {
+					auto& f = std::get<I>(fx.functions);
+					return lua_call_wrapper<T, Fx, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost> {}.call(L, f);
+				}
+			};
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F& fx) {
+				return overload_match_arity<Fs...>(on_match(), L, lua_gettop(L), 1, fx);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Fs, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, factory_wrapper<Fs...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			typedef factory_wrapper<Fs...> F;
+
+			struct on_match {
+				template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
+				int operator()(types<Fx>, meta::index_value<I>, types<R...>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int, int, F& fx) {
+					auto& f = std::get<I>(fx.functions);
+					return lua_call_wrapper<T, Fx, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> {}.call(L, f);
+				}
+			};
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F& fx) {
+				return overload_match_arity<Fs...>(on_match(), L, lua_gettop(L) - boost, 1 + boost, fx);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename R, typename W, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, property_wrapper<R, W>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<is_index, R, W> P;
+			typedef meta::unqualified_t<P> U;
+			typedef wrapper<U> wrap;
+			typedef lua_bind_traits<U> traits_type;
+			typedef meta::unqualified_t<typename traits_type::template arg_at<0>> object_type;
+
+			template <typename F, typename... Args>
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F&& f, Args&&... args) {
+				constexpr bool is_specialized = meta::any<std::is_same<U, detail::no_prop>,
+				     meta::is_specialization_of<U, var_wrapper>,
+				     meta::is_specialization_of<U, constructor_wrapper>,
+				     meta::is_specialization_of<U, constructor_list>,
+				     std::is_member_pointer<U>>::value;
+				if constexpr (is_specialized) {
+					if constexpr (is_index) {
+						decltype(auto) p = f.read();
+						lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<decltype(p)>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> lcw {};
+						return lcw.call(L, p, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+					else {
+						decltype(auto) p = f.write();
+						lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<decltype(p)>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> lcw {};
+						return lcw.call(L, p, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					constexpr bool non_class_object_type = meta::any<std::is_void<object_type>,
+					     meta::boolean<lua_type_of<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<object_type>>::value != type::userdata>>::value;
+					if constexpr (non_class_object_type) {
+						// The type being void means we don't have any arguments, so it might be a free functions?
+						using args_list = typename traits_type::free_args_list;
+						using returns_list = typename wrap::returns_list;
+						using caller = typename wrap::caller;
+						if constexpr (is_index) {
+							decltype(auto) pf = f.read();
+							return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(
+							     returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2), caller(), pf);
+						}
+						else {
+							decltype(auto) pf = f.write();
+							return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(
+							     returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2), caller(), pf);
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						using args_list = meta::pop_front_type_t<typename traits_type::free_args_list>;
+						using Ta = T;
+						using Oa = std::remove_pointer_t<object_type>;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE)
+						auto maybeo = stack::check_get<Ta*>(L, 1);
+						if (!maybeo || maybeo.value() == nullptr) {
+							if (is_variable) {
+								return luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is lua_nil (bad '.' access?)");
+							}
+							return luaL_error(L, "sol: 'self' argument is lua_nil (pass 'self' as first argument)");
+						}
+						Oa* o = static_cast<Oa*>(maybeo.value());
+#else
+						Oa* o = static_cast<Oa*>(stack::get<non_null<Ta*>>(L, 1));
+#endif // Safety
+						using returns_list = typename wrap::returns_list;
+						using caller = typename wrap::caller;
+						if constexpr (is_index) {
+							decltype(auto) pf = f.read();
+							return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(
+							     returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2), caller(), pf, detail::implicit_wrapper<Oa>(*o));
+						}
+						else {
+							decltype(auto) pf = f.write();
+							return stack::call_into_lua<checked, clean_stack>(
+							     returns_list(), args_list(), L, boost + (is_variable ? 3 : 2), caller(), pf, detail::implicit_wrapper<Oa>(*o));
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename V, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, protect_t<V>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			typedef protect_t<V> F;
+
+			template <typename... Args>
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F& fx, Args&&... args) {
+				return lua_call_wrapper<T, V, is_index, is_variable, true, boost, clean_stack> {}.call(L, fx.value, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename F, typename... Policies, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, policy_wrapper<F, Policies...>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			typedef policy_wrapper<F, Policies...> P;
+
+			template <std::size_t... In>
+			static int call(std::index_sequence<In...>, lua_State* L, P& fx) {
+				int pushed = lua_call_wrapper<T, F, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, false, C> {}.call(L, fx.value);
+				(void)detail::swallow { int(), (policy_detail::handle_policy(std::get<In>(fx.policies), L, pushed), int())... };
+				return pushed;
+			}
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, P& fx) {
+				typedef typename P::indices indices;
+				return call(indices(), L, fx);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename Y, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, yielding_t<Y>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			template <typename F>
+			static int call(lua_State* L, F&& f) {
+				return lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<Y>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> {}.call(L, f.func);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename Sig, typename P, bool is_index, bool is_variable, bool checked, int boost, bool clean_stack, typename C>
+		struct lua_call_wrapper<T, function_arguments<Sig, P>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack, C> {
+			static int call(lua_State* L, const function_arguments<Sig, P>& f) {
+				lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<P>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> lcw {};
+				return lcw.call(L, std::get<0>(f.arguments));
+			}
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, function_arguments<Sig, P>& f) {
+				lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<P>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> lcw {};
+				return lcw.call(L, std::get<0>(f.arguments));
+			}
+
+			static int call(lua_State* L, function_arguments<Sig, P>&& f) {
+				lua_call_wrapper<T, meta::unqualified_t<P>, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> lcw {};
+				return lcw.call(L, std::get<0>(std::move(f.arguments)));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, bool is_index, bool is_variable, int boost = 0, bool checked = detail::default_safe_function_calls, bool clean_stack = true,
+		     typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		inline int call_wrapped(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			using uFx = meta::unqualified_t<Fx>;
+			if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<uFx, yielding_t>) {
+				using real_fx = meta::unqualified_t<decltype(std::forward<Fx>(fx).func)>;
+				lua_call_wrapper<T, real_fx, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> lcw {};
+				return lcw.call(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx).func, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				lua_call_wrapper<T, uFx, is_index, is_variable, checked, boost, clean_stack> lcw {};
+				return lcw.call(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, bool is_index, bool is_variable, typename F, int start = 1, bool checked = detail::default_safe_function_calls,
+		     bool clean_stack = true>
+		inline int call_user(lua_State* L) {
+			auto& fx = stack::unqualified_get<user<F>>(L, upvalue_index(start));
+			using uFx = meta::unqualified_t<F>;
+			int nr = call_wrapped<T, is_index, is_variable, 0, checked, clean_stack>(L, fx);
+			if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<uFx, yielding_t>) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct is_var_bind : std::false_type { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_var_bind<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_member_object_pointer<T>::value>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_var_bind<T, std::enable_if_t<is_lua_reference_or_proxy<T>::value>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <>
+		struct is_var_bind<detail::no_prop> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename R, typename W>
+		struct is_var_bind<property_wrapper<R, W>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_var_bind<var_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_var_bind<readonly_wrapper<T>> : is_var_bind<meta::unqualified_t<T>> { };
+
+		template <typename F, typename... Policies>
+		struct is_var_bind<policy_wrapper<F, Policies...>> : is_var_bind<meta::unqualified_t<F>> { };
+	} // namespace call_detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_variable_binding : call_detail::is_var_bind<meta::unqualified_t<T>> { };
+
+	template <typename T>
+	using is_var_wrapper = meta::is_specialization_of<T, var_wrapper>;
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct is_function_binding : meta::neg<is_variable_binding<T>> { };
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/call.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace function_detail {
+		template <typename F, F fx>
+		inline int call_wrapper_variable(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+			typedef meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<F>> traits_type;
+			typedef typename traits_type::args_list args_list;
+			typedef meta::tuple_types<typename traits_type::return_type> return_type;
+			return stack::call_into_lua(return_type(), args_list(), L, 1, fx);
+		}
+
+		template <typename R, typename V, V, typename T>
+		inline int call_set_assignable(std::false_type, T&&, lua_State* L) {
+			return luaL_error(L, "cannot write to this type: copy assignment/constructor not available");
+		}
+
+		template <typename R, typename V, V variable, typename T>
+		inline int call_set_assignable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T&& mem) {
+			(mem.*variable) = stack::get<R>(L, 2);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		template <typename R, typename V, V, typename T>
+		inline int call_set_variable(std::false_type, lua_State* L, T&&) {
+			return luaL_error(L, "cannot write to a const variable");
+		}
+
+		template <typename R, typename V, V variable, typename T>
+		inline int call_set_variable(std::true_type, lua_State* L, T&& mem) {
+			return call_set_assignable<R, V, variable>(std::is_assignable<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<R>, R>(), L, std::forward<T>(mem));
+		}
+
+		template <typename V, V variable>
+		inline int call_wrapper_variable(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+			typedef meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<V>> traits_type;
+			typedef typename traits_type::object_type T;
+			typedef typename traits_type::return_type R;
+			auto& mem = stack::get<T>(L, 1);
+			switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+			case 1: {
+				decltype(auto) r = (mem.*variable);
+				stack::push_reference(L, std::forward<decltype(r)>(r));
+				return 1;
+			}
+			case 2:
+				return call_set_variable<R, V, variable>(meta::neg<std::is_const<R>>(), L, mem);
+			default:
+				return luaL_error(L, "incorrect number of arguments to member variable function call");
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, F fx>
+		inline int call_wrapper_function(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+			return call_wrapper_variable<F, fx>(std::is_member_object_pointer<F>(), L);
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, F fx>
+		inline int call_wrapper_function(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+			return call_detail::call_wrapped<void, false, false>(L, fx);
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, F fx>
+		int call_wrapper_entry(lua_State* L) noexcept(meta::bind_traits<F>::is_noexcept) {
+			return call_wrapper_function<F, fx>(std::is_member_function_pointer<meta::unqualified_t<F>>(), L);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Fxs>
+		struct c_call_matcher {
+			template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename R, typename... Args>
+			int operator()(types<Fx>, meta::index_value<I>, types<R>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int, int) const {
+				typedef meta::at_in_pack_t<I, Fxs...> target;
+				return target::call(L);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename F, F fx>
+		inline int c_call_raw(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+			return fx(L);
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, F fx>
+		inline int c_call_raw(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+#ifdef __clang__
+			return detail::trampoline(L, function_detail::call_wrapper_entry<F, fx>);
+#else
+			return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&function_detail::call_wrapper_entry<F, fx>), (&function_detail::call_wrapper_entry<F, fx>)>(L);
+#endif // fuck you clang :c
+		}
+
+	} // namespace function_detail
+
+	template <typename F, F fx>
+	inline int c_call(lua_State* L) {
+		typedef meta::unqualified_t<F> Fu;
+		typedef std::integral_constant<bool,
+		     std::is_same<Fu, lua_CFunction>::value
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+		          || std::is_same<Fu, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>::value
+#endif
+		     >
+		     is_raw;
+		return function_detail::c_call_raw<F, fx>(is_raw(), L);
+	}
+
+	template <typename F, F f>
+	struct wrap {
+		typedef F type;
+
+		static int call(lua_State* L) noexcept(noexcept(c_call<type, f>(L))) {
+			return c_call<type, f>(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename... Fxs>
+	inline int c_call(lua_State* L) {
+		if constexpr (sizeof...(Fxs) < 2) {
+			using target = meta::at_in_pack_t<0, Fxs...>;
+			return target::call(L);
+		}
+		else {
+			return call_detail::overload_match_arity<typename Fxs::type...>(function_detail::c_call_matcher<Fxs...>(), L, lua_gettop(L), 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/function_types_templated.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/function_types_stateless.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace function_detail {
+	template <typename Function>
+	struct upvalue_free_function {
+		using function_type = std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>>;
+		using traits_type = meta::bind_traits<function_type>;
+
+		static int real_call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			auto udata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type*>(L);
+			function_type* fx = udata.first;
+			return call_detail::call_wrapped<void, true, false>(L, fx);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+		static int call(lua_State* L) {
+			int nr;
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				nr = real_call(L);
+			}
+			else {
+				nr = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
+			}
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Function>
+	struct upvalue_member_function {
+		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;
+
+		static int real_call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			// Layout:
+			// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member function pointer
+			// idx n + 1: is the object's void pointer
+			// We don't need to store the size, because the other side is templated
+			// with the same member function pointer type
+			function_type& memfx = stack::get<user<function_type>>(L, upvalue_index(2));
+			auto& item = *static_cast<T*>(stack::get<void*>(L, upvalue_index(3)));
+			return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, memfx, item);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+		static int call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			int nr;
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				nr = real_call(L);
+			}
+			else {
+				nr = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
+			}
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			return call(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Function>
+	struct upvalue_member_variable {
+		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;
+
+		static int real_call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			// Layout:
+			// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
+			// idx n + 1: is the object's void pointer
+			// We don't need to store the size, because the other side is templated
+			// with the same member function pointer type
+			auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
+			auto objdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<T*>(L, memberdata.second);
+			auto& mem = *objdata.first;
+			function_type& var = memberdata.first;
+			switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+			case 0:
+				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, var, mem);
+			case 1:
+				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, false, -1>(L, var, mem);
+			default:
+				return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+		static int call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			int nr;
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				nr = real_call(L);
+			}
+			else {
+				nr = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
+			}
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			return call(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Function>
+	struct upvalue_member_variable<T, readonly_wrapper<Function>> {
+		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;
+
+		static int real_call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			// Layout:
+			// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
+			// idx n + 1: is the object's void pointer
+			// We don't need to store the size, because the other side is templated
+			// with the same member function pointer type
+			auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
+			auto objdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<T*>(L, memberdata.second);
+			auto& mem = *objdata.first;
+			function_type& var = memberdata.first;
+			switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+			case 0:
+				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, var, mem);
+			default:
+				return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+		static int call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			int nr;
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				nr = real_call(L);
+			}
+			else {
+				nr = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
+			}
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			return call(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Function>
+	struct upvalue_this_member_function {
+		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;
+
+		static int real_call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			// Layout:
+			// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
+			function_type& memfx = stack::get<user<function_type>>(L, upvalue_index(2));
+			return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, false>(L, memfx);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+		static int call(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			int nr;
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				nr = real_call(L);
+			}
+			else {
+				nr = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
+			}
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			return call(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Function>
+	struct upvalue_this_member_variable {
+		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
+
+		static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			// Layout:
+			// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
+			auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
+			function_type& var = memberdata.first;
+			switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+			case 1:
+				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false>(L, var);
+			case 2:
+				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, false>(L, var);
+			default:
+				return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+		static int call(lua_State* L) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			int nr;
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				nr = real_call(L);
+			}
+			else {
+				nr = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
+			}
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			return call(L);
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Function>
+	struct upvalue_this_member_variable<T, readonly_wrapper<Function>> {
+		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
+		typedef lua_bind_traits<function_type> traits_type;
+
+		static int real_call(lua_State* L) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			// Layout:
+			// idx 1...n: verbatim data of member variable pointer
+			auto memberdata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues<function_type>(L);
+			function_type& var = memberdata.first;
+			switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+			case 1:
+				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false>(L, var);
+			default:
+				return luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+		static int call(lua_State* L) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			int nr;
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				nr = real_call(L);
+			}
+			else {
+				nr = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_call), (&real_call)>(L);
+			}
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			return call(L);
+		}
+	};
+}} // namespace sol::function_detail
+
+// end of sol/function_types_stateless.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/function_types_stateful.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace function_detail {
+	template <typename Func, bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+	struct functor_function {
+		typedef std::decay_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Func>> function_type;
+		function_type invocation;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		functor_function(function_type f, Args&&... args) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<function_type, function_type, Args...>)
+		: invocation(std::move(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		static int call(lua_State* L, functor_function& self) noexcept(noexcept(call_detail::call_wrapped<void, true, false>(L, self.invocation))) {
+			int nr = call_detail::call_wrapped<void, true, false>(L, self.invocation);
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L) noexcept(noexcept(call_detail::call_wrapped<void, true, false>(L, invocation))) {
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				return call(L, *this);
+			}
+			else {
+				return detail::trampoline(L, &call, *this);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Function, bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+	struct member_function {
+		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
+		typedef meta::function_return_t<function_type> return_type;
+		typedef meta::function_args_t<function_type> args_lists;
+		using traits_type = meta::bind_traits<function_type>;
+		function_type invocation;
+		T member;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		member_function(function_type f, Args&&... args) noexcept(
+			std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<function_type, function_type>&& std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, Args...>)
+		: invocation(std::move(f)), member(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		static int call(lua_State* L, member_function& self)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			int nr = call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, self.invocation, detail::unwrap(detail::deref(self.member)));
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L)
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+		// MSVC is broken, what a surprise...
+#else
+			noexcept(traits_type::is_noexcept)
+#endif
+		{
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				return call(L, *this);
+			}
+			else {
+				return detail::trampoline(L, &call, *this);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Function, bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline>
+	struct member_variable {
+		typedef std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Function>> function_type;
+		typedef typename meta::bind_traits<function_type>::return_type return_type;
+		typedef typename meta::bind_traits<function_type>::args_list args_lists;
+		function_type var;
+		T member;
+		typedef std::add_lvalue_reference_t<meta::unwrapped_t<std::remove_reference_t<decltype(detail::deref(member))>>> M;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		member_variable(function_type v, Args&&... args) noexcept(
+			std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<function_type, function_type>&& std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, Args...>)
+		: var(std::move(v)), member(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		static int call(lua_State* L, member_variable& self) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			int nr;
+			{
+				M mem = detail::unwrap(detail::deref(self.member));
+				switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+				case 0:
+					nr = call_detail::call_wrapped<T, true, false, -1>(L, self.var, mem);
+					break;
+				case 1:
+					nr = call_detail::call_wrapped<T, false, false, -1>(L, self.var, mem);
+					break;
+				default:
+					nr = luaL_error(L, "sol: incorrect number of arguments to member variable function");
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (is_yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<T>) {
+			if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+				return call(L, *this);
+			}
+			else {
+				return detail::trampoline(L, &call, *this);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}} // namespace sol::function_detail
+
+// end of sol/function_types_stateful.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/function_types_overloaded.hpp
+
+namespace sol { namespace function_detail {
+	template <int start_skew, typename... Functions>
+	struct overloaded_function {
+		typedef std::tuple<Functions...> overload_list;
+		typedef std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Functions)> indices;
+		overload_list overloads;
+
+		overloaded_function(overload_list set) : overloads(std::move(set)) {
+		}
+
+		overloaded_function(Functions... fxs) : overloads(fxs...) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, std::size_t I, typename... R, typename... Args>
+		static int call(types<Fx>, meta::index_value<I>, types<R...>, types<Args...>, lua_State* L, int, int, overload_list& ol) {
+			auto& func = std::get<I>(ol);
+			int nr = call_detail::call_wrapped<void, true, false, start_skew>(L, func);
+			return nr;
+		}
+
+		struct on_success {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			int operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+				return call(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+
+		int operator()(lua_State* L) {
+			on_success call_obj {};
+			return call_detail::overload_match<Functions...>(call_obj, L, 1 + start_skew, overloads);
+		}
+	};
+}} // namespace sol::function_detail
+
+// end of sol/function_types_overloaded.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/resolve.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+#ifndef __clang__
+	// constexpr is fine for not-clang
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename R, typename... Args, typename F, typename = std::invoke_result_t<meta::unqualified_t<F>, Args...>>
+		inline constexpr auto resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>, F&&) -> R (meta::unqualified_t<F>::*)(Args...) {
+			using Sig = R(Args...);
+			typedef meta::unqualified_t<F> Fu;
+			return static_cast<Sig Fu::*>(&Fu::operator());
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, typename U = meta::unqualified_t<F>>
+		inline constexpr auto resolve_f(std::true_type, F&& f)
+		     -> decltype(resolve_i(types<meta::function_signature_t<decltype(&U::operator())>>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
+			return resolve_i(types<meta::function_signature_t<decltype(&U::operator())>>(), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		template <typename F>
+		inline constexpr void resolve_f(std::false_type, F&&) {
+			static_assert(meta::call_operator_deducible_v<F>, "Cannot use no-template-parameter call with an overloaded functor: specify the signature");
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, typename U = meta::unqualified_t<F>>
+		inline constexpr auto resolve_i(types<>, F&& f) -> decltype(resolve_f(meta::call_operator_deducible<U>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
+			return resolve_f(meta::call_operator_deducible<U> {}, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args, typename F, typename R = std::invoke_result_t<F&, Args...>>
+		inline constexpr auto resolve_i(types<Args...>, F&& f) -> decltype(resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
+			return resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>(), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Sig, typename C>
+		inline constexpr Sig C::*resolve_v(std::false_type, Sig C::*mem_func_ptr) {
+			return mem_func_ptr;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Sig, typename C>
+		inline constexpr Sig C::*resolve_v(std::true_type, Sig C::*mem_variable_ptr) {
+			return mem_variable_ptr;
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename... Args, typename R>
+	inline constexpr auto resolve(R fun_ptr(Args...)) -> R (*)(Args...) {
+		return fun_ptr;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Sig>
+	inline constexpr Sig* resolve(Sig* fun_ptr) {
+		return fun_ptr;
+	}
+
+	template <typename... Args, typename R, typename C>
+	inline constexpr auto resolve(R (C::*mem_ptr)(Args...)) -> R (C::*)(Args...) {
+		return mem_ptr;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Sig, typename C>
+	inline constexpr Sig C::*resolve(Sig C::*mem_ptr) {
+		return detail::resolve_v(std::is_member_object_pointer<Sig C::*>(), mem_ptr);
+	}
+
+	template <typename... Sig, typename F, meta::disable<std::is_function<meta::unqualified_t<F>>> = meta::enabler>
+	inline constexpr auto resolve(F&& f) -> decltype(detail::resolve_i(types<Sig...>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
+		return detail::resolve_i(types<Sig...>(), std::forward<F>(f));
+	}
+#else
+
+	// Clang has distinct problems with constexpr arguments,
+	// so don't use the constexpr versions inside of clang.
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename R, typename... Args, typename F, typename = std::invoke_result_t<meta::unqualified_t<F>, Args...>>
+		inline auto resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>, F&&) -> R (meta::unqualified_t<F>::*)(Args...) {
+			using Sig = R(Args...);
+			typedef meta::unqualified_t<F> Fu;
+			return static_cast<Sig Fu::*>(&Fu::operator());
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, typename U = meta::unqualified_t<F>>
+		inline auto resolve_f(std::true_type, F&& f)
+		     -> decltype(resolve_i(types<meta::function_signature_t<decltype(&U::operator())>>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
+			return resolve_i(types<meta::function_signature_t<decltype(&U::operator())>>(), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		template <typename F>
+		inline void resolve_f(std::false_type, F&&) {
+			static_assert(meta::call_operator_deducible_v<F>, "Cannot use no-template-parameter call with an overloaded functor: specify the signature");
+		}
+
+		template <typename F, typename U = meta::unqualified_t<F>>
+		inline auto resolve_i(types<>, F&& f) -> decltype(resolve_f(meta::call_operator_deducible<U>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
+			return resolve_f(meta::call_operator_deducible<U> {}, std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args, typename F, typename R = std::invoke_result_t<F&, Args...>>
+		inline auto resolve_i(types<Args...>, F&& f) -> decltype(resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
+			return resolve_i(types<R(Args...)>(), std::forward<F>(f));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Sig, typename C>
+		inline Sig C::*resolve_v(std::false_type, Sig C::*mem_func_ptr) {
+			return mem_func_ptr;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Sig, typename C>
+		inline Sig C::*resolve_v(std::true_type, Sig C::*mem_variable_ptr) {
+			return mem_variable_ptr;
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename... Args, typename R>
+	inline auto resolve(R fun_ptr(Args...)) -> R (*)(Args...) {
+		return fun_ptr;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Sig>
+	inline Sig* resolve(Sig* fun_ptr) {
+		return fun_ptr;
+	}
+
+	template <typename... Args, typename R, typename C>
+	inline auto resolve(R (C::*mem_ptr)(Args...)) -> R (C::*)(Args...) {
+		return mem_ptr;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Sig, typename C>
+	inline Sig C::*resolve(Sig C::*mem_ptr) {
+		return detail::resolve_v(std::is_member_object_pointer<Sig C::*>(), mem_ptr);
+	}
+
+	template <typename... Sig, typename F>
+	inline auto resolve(F&& f) -> decltype(detail::resolve_i(types<Sig...>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
+		return detail::resolve_i(types<Sig...>(), std::forward<F>(f));
+	}
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/resolve.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace function_detail {
+		template <typename T>
+		struct class_indicator {
+			using type = T;
+		};
+
+		struct call_indicator { };
+
+		template <bool yielding>
+		int lua_c_wrapper(lua_State* L) {
+			lua_CFunction cf = lua_tocfunction(L, lua_upvalueindex(2));
+			int nr = cf(L);
+			if constexpr (yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool yielding>
+		int lua_c_noexcept_wrapper(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+			detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept cf = reinterpret_cast<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>(lua_tocfunction(L, lua_upvalueindex(2)));
+			int nr = cf(L);
+			if constexpr (yielding) {
+				return lua_yield(L, nr);
+			}
+			else {
+				return nr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		struct c_function_invocation { };
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline, typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		void select(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args);
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline, typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		void select_set_fx(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+			lua_CFunction freefunc = no_trampoline ? function_detail::call<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, 2, is_yielding>
+			                                       : detail::static_trampoline<function_detail::call<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, 2, is_yielding>>;
+
+			int upvalues = 0;
+			upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+			upvalues += stack::push<user<Fx>>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline, typename R, typename... A, typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		void select_convertible(types<R(A...)>, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			using dFx = std::decay_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>>;
+			using fx_ptr_t = R (*)(A...);
+			constexpr bool is_convertible = std::is_convertible_v<dFx, fx_ptr_t>;
+			if constexpr (is_convertible) {
+				fx_ptr_t fxptr = detail::unwrap(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+				select<is_yielding, no_trampoline>(L, std::move(fxptr), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				using F = function_detail::functor_function<dFx, false, true>;
+				select_set_fx<is_yielding, no_trampoline, F>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline, typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		void select_convertible(types<>, lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			typedef meta::function_signature_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Fx>> Sig;
+			select_convertible<is_yielding, no_trampoline>(types<Sig>(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline, typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		void select_member_variable(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			using uFx = meta::unqualified_t<Fx>;
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) < 1) {
+				using C = typename meta::bind_traits<uFx>::object_type;
+				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_this_member_variable<C, Fx>::template call<is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, fx);
+				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
+			}
+			else if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) < 2) {
+				using Tu = typename meta::meta_detail::unqualified_non_alias<Args...>::type;
+				constexpr bool is_reference = meta::is_specialization_of_v<Tu, std::reference_wrapper> || std::is_pointer_v<Tu>;
+				if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<Tu, function_detail::class_indicator>) {
+					lua_CFunction freefunc
+					     = &function_detail::upvalue_this_member_variable<typename Tu::type, Fx>::template call<is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+
+					int upvalues = 0;
+					upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+					upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, fx);
+					stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
+				}
+				else if constexpr (is_reference) {
+					typedef std::decay_t<Fx> dFx;
+					dFx memfxptr(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+					auto userptr = detail::ptr(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_member_variable<std::decay_t<decltype(*userptr)>,
+					     meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>::template call<is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+
+					int upvalues = 0;
+					upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+					upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, memfxptr);
+					upvalues += stack::push(L, static_cast<void const*>(userptr));
+					stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
+				}
+				else {
+					using clean_fx = std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Fx>>;
+					using F = function_detail::member_variable<Tu, clean_fx, is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+					select_set_fx<is_yielding, no_trampoline, F>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				using C = typename meta::bind_traits<uFx>::object_type;
+				using clean_fx = std::remove_pointer_t<std::decay_t<Fx>>;
+				using F = function_detail::member_variable<C, clean_fx, is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+				select_set_fx<is_yielding, no_trampoline, F>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline, typename Fx, typename T, typename... Args>
+		void select_member_function_with(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, T&& obj, Args&&... args) {
+			using dFx = std::decay_t<Fx>;
+			using Tu = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<Tu, function_detail::class_indicator>) {
+				(void)obj;
+				using C = typename Tu::type;
+				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_this_member_function<C, dFx>::template call<is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<dFx>>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
+			}
+			else {
+				constexpr bool is_reference = meta::is_specialization_of_v<Tu, std::reference_wrapper> || std::is_pointer_v<Tu>;
+				if constexpr (is_reference) {
+					auto userptr = detail::ptr(std::forward<T>(obj));
+					lua_CFunction freefunc
+					     = &function_detail::upvalue_member_function<std::decay_t<decltype(*userptr)>, dFx>::template call<is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+
+					int upvalues = 0;
+					upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+					upvalues += stack::push<user<dFx>>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					upvalues += stack::push(L, lightuserdata_value(static_cast<void*>(userptr)));
+					stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
+				}
+				else {
+					using F = function_detail::member_function<Tu, dFx, is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+					select_set_fx<is_yielding, no_trampoline, F>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<T>(obj), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline, typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		void select_member_function(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			using dFx = std::decay_t<Fx>;
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) < 1) {
+				using C = typename meta::bind_traits<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>::object_type;
+				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_this_member_function<C, dFx>::template call<is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<dFx>>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
+			}
+			else {
+				select_member_function_with<is_yielding, no_trampoline>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_yielding, bool no_trampoline, typename Fx, typename... Args>
+		void select(lua_State* L, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			using uFx = meta::unqualified_t<Fx>;
+			if constexpr (is_lua_reference_v<uFx>) {
+				// TODO: hoist into lambda in this case for yielding???
+				stack::push(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (is_lua_c_function_v<uFx>) {
+				if constexpr (no_trampoline) {
+					if (is_yielding) {
+						int upvalues = 0;
+						upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+						upvalues += stack::push(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+						if constexpr (std::is_nothrow_invocable_r_v<int, uFx, lua_State*>) {
+							detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept cf = &lua_c_noexcept_wrapper<true>;
+							lua_pushcclosure(L, reinterpret_cast<lua_CFunction>(cf), upvalues);
+						}
+						else
+#endif
+						{
+							lua_CFunction cf = &function_detail::lua_c_wrapper<true>;
+							lua_pushcclosure(L, cf, upvalues);
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						lua_pushcclosure(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), 0);
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					int upvalues = 0;
+					upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+					upvalues += stack::push(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+					if constexpr (std::is_nothrow_invocable_r_v<int, uFx, lua_State*>) {
+						detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept cf = &lua_c_noexcept_wrapper<is_yielding>;
+						lua_pushcclosure(L, reinterpret_cast<lua_CFunction>(cf), upvalues);
+					}
+					else {
+						lua_CFunction cf = &function_detail::lua_c_wrapper<is_yielding>;
+						lua_pushcclosure(L, cf, upvalues);
+					}
+#else
+					lua_CFunction cf = &function_detail::lua_c_wrapper<is_yielding>;
+					lua_pushcclosure(L, cf, upvalues);
+#endif
+				}
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_function_v<std::remove_pointer_t<uFx>>) {
+				std::decay_t<Fx> target(std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				lua_CFunction freefunc = &function_detail::upvalue_free_function<Fx>::template call<is_yielding, no_trampoline>;
+
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::stack_detail::push_as_upvalues(L, target);
+				stack::push(L, c_closure(freefunc, upvalues));
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_member_function_pointer_v<uFx>) {
+				select_member_function<is_yielding, no_trampoline>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (meta::is_member_object_v<uFx>) {
+				select_member_variable<is_yielding, no_trampoline>(L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				select_convertible<is_yielding, no_trampoline>(types<>(), L, std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		}
+	} // namespace function_detail
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <typename... Sigs>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<function_sig<Sigs...>> {
+			template <bool is_yielding, typename Arg0, typename... Args>
+			static int push_yielding(lua_State* L, Arg0&& arg0, Args&&... args) {
+				if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<meta::unqualified_t<Arg0>, std::function>) {
+					if constexpr (is_yielding) {
+						return stack::push<meta::unqualified_t<Arg0>>(L, detail::yield_tag, std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+					else {
+						return stack::push(L, std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					function_detail::select<is_yielding, false>(L, std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					return 1;
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename Arg0, typename... Args>
+			static int push(lua_State* L, Arg0&& arg0, Args&&... args) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Arg0>, detail::yield_tag_t>) {
+					push_yielding<true>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				else if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<meta::unqualified_t<Arg0>, yielding_t>) {
+					push_yielding<true>(L, std::forward<Arg0>(arg0).func, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					push_yielding<false>(L, std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				return 1;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<yielding_t<T>> {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const yielding_t<T>& f, Args&&... args) {
+				if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, std::function>) {
+					return stack::push<T>(L, detail::yield_tag, f.func, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					function_detail::select<true, false>(L, f.func, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					return 1;
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename... Args>
+			static int push(lua_State* L, yielding_t<T>&& f, Args&&... args) {
+				if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, std::function>) {
+					return stack::push<T>(L, detail::yield_tag, std::move(f.func), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					function_detail::select<true, false>(L, std::move(f.func), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					return 1;
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Args>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<function_arguments<T, Args...>> {
+			template <std::size_t... I, typename FP>
+			static int push_func(std::index_sequence<I...>, lua_State* L, FP&& fp) {
+				return stack::push<T>(L, std::get<I>(std::forward<FP>(fp).arguments)...);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const function_arguments<T, Args...>& fp) {
+				return push_func(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, fp);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, function_arguments<T, Args...>&& fp) {
+				return push_func(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>(), L, std::move(fp));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename Signature>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<std::function<Signature>> {
+			using TargetFunctor = function_detail::functor_function<std::function<Signature>, false, true>;
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, detail::yield_tag_t, const std::function<Signature>& fx) {
+				if (fx) {
+					function_detail::select_set_fx<true, false, TargetFunctor>(L, fx);
+					return 1;
+				}
+				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, detail::yield_tag_t, std::function<Signature>&& fx) {
+				if (fx) {
+					function_detail::select_set_fx<true, false, TargetFunctor>(L, std::move(fx));
+					return 1;
+				}
+				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const std::function<Signature>& fx) {
+				if (fx) {
+					function_detail::select_set_fx<false, false, TargetFunctor>(L, fx);
+					return 1;
+				}
+				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, std::function<Signature>&& fx) {
+				if (fx) {
+					function_detail::select_set_fx<false, false, TargetFunctor>(L, std::move(fx));
+					return 1;
+				}
+				return stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename Signature>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<Signature, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_member_object_or_function_v<Signature>>> {
+			template <typename... Args>
+			static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+				function_detail::select<false, false>(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+				return 1;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename Signature>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<Signature,
+		     std::enable_if_t<meta::all<std::is_function<std::remove_pointer_t<Signature>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<Signature, lua_CFunction>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<Signature, std::remove_pointer_t<lua_CFunction>>>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_NOEXCEPT_FUNCTION_TYPE)
+		          ,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<Signature, detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<Signature, std::remove_pointer_t<detail::lua_CFunction_noexcept>>>
+#endif // noexcept function types
+		          >::value>> {
+			template <typename F>
+			static int push(lua_State* L, F&& f) {
+				function_detail::select<false, true>(L, std::forward<F>(f));
+				return 1;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename... Functions>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<overload_set<Functions...>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, overload_set<Functions...>&& set) {
+				using F = function_detail::overloaded_function<0, Functions...>;
+				function_detail::select_set_fx<false, false, F>(L, std::move(set.functions));
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const overload_set<Functions...>& set) {
+				using F = function_detail::overloaded_function<0, Functions...>;
+				function_detail::select_set_fx<false, false, F>(L, set.functions);
+				return 1;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<protect_t<T>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, protect_t<T>&& pw) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, protect_t<T>, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<protect_t<T>>>(L, std::move(pw.value));
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const protect_t<T>& pw) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, protect_t<T>, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<protect_t<T>>>(L, pw.value);
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename F, typename G>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<property_wrapper<F, G>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, property_wrapper<F, G>&& pw) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_void_v<F>) {
+					return stack::push(L, std::move(pw.write()));
+				}
+				else if constexpr (std::is_void_v<G>) {
+					return stack::push(L, std::move(pw.read()));
+				}
+				else {
+					return stack::push(L, overload(std::move(pw.read()), std::move(pw.write())));
+				}
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const property_wrapper<F, G>& pw) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_void_v<F>) {
+					return stack::push(L, pw.write);
+				}
+				else if constexpr (std::is_void_v<G>) {
+					return stack::push(L, pw.read);
+				}
+				else {
+					return stack::push(L, overload(pw.read, pw.write));
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<var_wrapper<T>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, var_wrapper<T>&& vw) {
+				return stack::push(L, std::move(vw.value()));
+			}
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const var_wrapper<T>& vw) {
+				return stack::push(L, vw.value());
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename... Functions>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<factory_wrapper<Functions...>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const factory_wrapper<Functions...>& fw) {
+				using F = function_detail::overloaded_function<0, Functions...>;
+				function_detail::select_set_fx<false, false, F>(L, fw.functions);
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, factory_wrapper<Functions...>&& fw) {
+				using F = function_detail::overloaded_function<0, Functions...>;
+				function_detail::select_set_fx<false, false, F>(L, std::move(fw.functions));
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const factory_wrapper<Functions...>& fw, function_detail::call_indicator) {
+				using F = function_detail::overloaded_function<1, Functions...>;
+				function_detail::select_set_fx<false, false, F>(L, fw.functions);
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, factory_wrapper<Functions...>&& fw, function_detail::call_indicator) {
+				using F = function_detail::overloaded_function<1, Functions...>;
+				function_detail::select_set_fx<false, false, F>(L, std::move(fw.functions));
+				return 1;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<no_construction> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, no_construction) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = &function_detail::no_construction_error;
+				return stack::push(L, cf);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, no_construction c, function_detail::call_indicator) {
+				return push(L, c);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<detail::tagged<T, no_construction>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, detail::tagged<T, no_construction>) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = &function_detail::no_construction_error;
+				return stack::push(L, cf);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, no_construction, function_detail::call_indicator) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = &function_detail::no_construction_error;
+				return stack::push(L, cf);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Lists>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<detail::tagged<T, constructor_list<Lists...>>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, detail::tagged<T, constructor_list<Lists...>>) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::construct<T, detail::default_safe_function_calls, true, Lists...>;
+				return stack::push(L, cf);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, constructor_list<Lists...>) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::construct<T, detail::default_safe_function_calls, true, Lists...>;
+				return stack::push(L, cf);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename L0, typename... Lists>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<constructor_list<L0, Lists...>> {
+			typedef constructor_list<L0, Lists...> cl_t;
+			static int push(lua_State* L, cl_t cl) {
+				typedef typename meta::bind_traits<L0>::return_type T;
+				return stack::push<detail::tagged<T, cl_t>>(L, cl);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Fxs>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<detail::tagged<T, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, detail::tagged<T, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>>&& c) {
+				return push(L, std::move(c.value()));
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const detail::tagged<T, const constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>>& c) {
+				return push(L, c.value());
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>&& c) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<T, false, false, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>>>(L, std::move(c));
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>& c) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<T, false, false, constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<constructor_wrapper<Fxs...>>>(L, c);
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename F, typename... Fxs>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<constructor_wrapper<F, Fxs...>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const constructor_wrapper<F, Fxs...>& c) {
+				typedef typename meta::bind_traits<F>::template arg_at<0> arg0;
+				typedef meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<arg0>> T;
+				return stack::push<detail::tagged<T, constructor_wrapper<F, Fxs...>>>(L, c);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, constructor_wrapper<F, Fxs...>&& c) {
+				typedef typename meta::bind_traits<F>::template arg_at<0> arg0;
+				typedef meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<arg0>> T;
+				return stack::push<detail::tagged<T, constructor_wrapper<F, Fxs...>>>(L, std::move(c));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<detail::tagged<T, destructor_wrapper<void>>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, destructor_wrapper<void>) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = detail::usertype_alloc_destroy<T>;
+				return stack::push(L, cf);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename Fx>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<detail::tagged<T, destructor_wrapper<Fx>>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, destructor_wrapper<Fx>&& c) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<T, false, false, destructor_wrapper<Fx>, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<destructor_wrapper<Fx>>>(L, std::move(c));
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const destructor_wrapper<Fx>& c) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<T, false, false, destructor_wrapper<Fx>, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<destructor_wrapper<Fx>>>(L, c);
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<destructor_wrapper<Fx>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, destructor_wrapper<Fx>&& c) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, destructor_wrapper<Fx>, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<destructor_wrapper<Fx>>>(L, std::move(c));
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const destructor_wrapper<Fx>& c) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, destructor_wrapper<Fx>, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<destructor_wrapper<Fx>>>(L, c);
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename F, typename... Policies>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<policy_wrapper<F, Policies...>> {
+			using P = policy_wrapper<F, Policies...>;
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const P& p) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, P, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<P>>(L, p);
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, P&& p) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<void, false, false, P, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<P>>(L, std::move(p));
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename F, typename... Policies>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<detail::tagged<T, policy_wrapper<F, Policies...>>> {
+			using P = policy_wrapper<F, Policies...>;
+			using Tagged = detail::tagged<T, P>;
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const Tagged& p) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<T, false, false, P, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<P>>(L, p.value());
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, Tagged&& p) {
+				lua_CFunction cf = call_detail::call_user<T, false, false, P, 2>;
+				int upvalues = 0;
+				upvalues += stack::push(L, nullptr);
+				upvalues += stack::push<user<P>>(L, std::move(p.value()));
+				return stack::push(L, c_closure(cf, upvalues));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<push_invoke_t<T>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, push_invoke_t<T>&& pi) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_invocable_v<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<T>, lua_State*>) {
+					return stack::push(L, std::move(pi.value())(L));
+				}
+				else {
+					return stack::push(L, std::move(pi.value())());
+				}
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const push_invoke_t<T>& pi) {
+				if constexpr (std::is_invocable_v<const T, lua_State*>) {
+					return stack::push(L, pi.value()(L));
+				}
+				else {
+					return stack::push(L, pi.value()());
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		namespace stack_detail {
+			template <typename Function, typename Handler>
+			bool check_function_pointer(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+				tracking.use(1);
+				bool success = lua_iscfunction(L, index) == 1;
+				if (success) {
+					// there must be at LEAST 2 upvalues; otherwise, we didn't serialize it.
+					const char* upvalue_name = lua_getupvalue(L, index, 2);
+					lua_pop(L, 1);
+					success = upvalue_name != nullptr;
+				}
+				if (!success) {
+					// expected type, actual type
+					handler(
+					     L, index, type::function, type_of(L, index), "type must be a Lua C Function gotten from a function pointer serialized by sol2");
+				}
+				return success;
+#else
+				(void)L;
+				(void)index;
+				(void)handler;
+				(void)tracking;
+				return false;
+#endif
+			}
+
+			template <typename Function>
+			Function* get_function_pointer(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) noexcept {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+				tracking.use(1);
+				auto udata = stack::stack_detail::get_as_upvalues_using_function<Function*>(L, index);
+				Function* fx = udata.first;
+				return fx;
+#else
+				(void)L;
+				(void)index;
+				(void)tracking;
+				static_assert(meta::meta_detail::always_true<Function>::value,
+#if SOL_IS_DEFAULT_OFF(SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE)
+				     "You are attempting to retrieve a function pointer type. "
+				     "This is inherently unsafe in sol2. In order to do this, you must turn on the "
+				     "SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE configuration macro, as detailed in the documentation. "
+				     "Please be careful!"
+#else
+				     "You are attempting to retrieve a function pointer type. "
+				     "You explicitly turned off the ability to do this by defining "
+				     "SOL_GET_FUNCTION_POINTER_UNSAFE or similar to be off. "
+				     "Please reconsider this!"
+#endif
+				);
+				return nullptr;
+#endif
+			}
+		} // namespace stack_detail
+	}      // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/function_types.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/dump_handler.hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	class dump_error : public error {
+	private:
+		int m_ec;
+
+	public:
+		dump_error(int error_code_) : error("dump returned non-zero error of " + std::to_string(error_code_)), m_ec(error_code_) {
+		}
+
+		int error_code() const {
+			return m_ec;
+		}
+	};
+
+	inline int dump_pass_on_error(lua_State* L_, int result_code, lua_Writer writer_function, void* userdata_pointer_, bool strip) {
+		(void)L_;
+		(void)writer_function;
+		(void)userdata_pointer_;
+		(void)strip;
+		return result_code;
+	}
+
+	inline int dump_panic_on_error(lua_State* L_, int result_code, lua_Writer writer_function, void* userdata_pointer_, bool strip) {
+		(void)L_;
+		(void)writer_function;
+		(void)userdata_pointer_;
+		(void)strip;
+		return luaL_error(L_, "a non-zero error code (%d) was returned by the lua_Writer for the dump function", result_code);
+	}
+
+	inline int dump_throw_on_error(lua_State* L_, int result_code, lua_Writer writer_function, void* userdata_pointer_, bool strip) {
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+		return dump_panic_on_error(L_, result_code, writer_function, userdata_pointer_, strip);
+#else
+		(void)L_;
+		(void)writer_function;
+		(void)userdata_pointer_;
+		(void)strip;
+		throw dump_error(result_code);
+#endif // no exceptions stuff
+	}
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/dump_handler.hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename ref_t, bool aligned = false>
+	class basic_function : public basic_object<ref_t> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_object<ref_t>;
+
+		void luacall(std::ptrdiff_t argcount, std::ptrdiff_t resultcount) const {
+			lua_call(lua_state(), static_cast<int>(argcount), static_cast<int>(resultcount));
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename... Ret>
+		auto invoke(types<Ret...>, std::index_sequence<I...>, std::ptrdiff_t n) const {
+			luacall(n, lua_size<std::tuple<Ret...>>::value);
+			return stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret...>>(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, typename Ret, meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_void<Ret>>> = meta::enabler>
+		Ret invoke(types<Ret>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n) const {
+			luacall(n, lua_size<Ret>::value);
+			return stack::pop<Ret>(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I>
+		void invoke(types<void>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n) const {
+			luacall(n, 0);
+		}
+
+		unsafe_function_result invoke(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::ptrdiff_t n) const {
+			int stacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state());
+			int firstreturn = (std::max)(1, stacksize - static_cast<int>(n));
+			luacall(n, LUA_MULTRET);
+			int poststacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state());
+			int returncount = poststacksize - (firstreturn - 1);
+			return unsafe_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, returncount);
+		}
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_function() = default;
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_function>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_function(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_function<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				constructor_handler handler {};
+				stack::check<basic_function>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_function(const basic_function&) = default;
+		basic_function& operator=(const basic_function&) = default;
+		basic_function(basic_function&&) = default;
+		basic_function& operator=(basic_function&&) = default;
+		basic_function(const stack_reference& r) : basic_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_function(stack_reference&& r) : basic_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_function(lua_nil_t n) : base_t(n) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_function(lua_State* L, T&& r) : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_function>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_function(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_function>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_function(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_function>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		int dump(lua_Writer writer, void* userdata, bool strip, Fx&& on_error) const {
+			this->push();
+			auto ppn = stack::push_popper_n<false>(this->lua_state(), 1);
+			int r = lua_dump(this->lua_state(), writer, userdata, strip ? 1 : 0);
+			if (r != 0) {
+				return on_error(this->lua_state(), r, writer, userdata, strip);
+			}
+			return r;
+		}
+
+		int dump(lua_Writer writer, void* userdata, bool strip = false) const {
+			return dump(writer, userdata, strip, &dump_throw_on_error);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Container = bytecode>
+		Container dump() const {
+			Container bc;
+			(void)dump(static_cast<lua_Writer>(&basic_insert_dump_writer<Container>), static_cast<void*>(&bc), false, &dump_panic_on_error);
+			return bc;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Container = bytecode, typename Fx>
+		Container dump(Fx&& on_error) const {
+			Container bc;
+			(void)dump(static_cast<lua_Writer>(&basic_insert_dump_writer<Container>), static_cast<void*>(&bc), false, std::forward<Fx>(on_error));
+			return bc;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		unsafe_function_result operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) operator()(types<Ret...>, Args&&... args) const {
+			return call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) const {
+			if (!aligned) {
+				base_t::push();
+			}
+			int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(pushcount));
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/unsafe_function.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/protected_function.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/protected_handler.hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace sol { namespace detail {
+	inline const char (&default_handler_name())[9] {
+		static const char name[9] = "sol.\xF0\x9F\x94\xA9";
+		return name;
+	}
+
+	template <bool ShouldPush, typename Target = reference>
+	struct protected_handler {
+		lua_State* m_L;
+		const Target& target;
+		int stack_index;
+
+		protected_handler(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, const Target& target_) : m_L(L_), target(target_), stack_index(0) {
+			if (ShouldPush) {
+				stack_index = lua_gettop(L_) + 1;
+				target.push(L_);
+			}
+		}
+
+		protected_handler(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, const Target& target_) : m_L(L_), target(target_), stack_index(0) {
+			if (ShouldPush) {
+				stack_index = target.stack_index();
+			}
+		}
+
+		protected_handler(lua_State* L_, const Target& target_) : protected_handler(meta::boolean<is_stack_based_v<Target>>(), L_, target_) {
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const noexcept {
+			return ShouldPush;
+		}
+
+		~protected_handler() {
+			if constexpr (!is_stack_based_v<Target>) {
+				if (stack_index != 0) {
+					lua_remove(m_L, stack_index);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Base, typename T>
+	inline basic_function<Base> force_cast(T& p) {
+		return p;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Reference, bool IsMainReference = false>
+	inline Reference get_default_handler(lua_State* L_) {
+		if (is_stack_based_v<Reference> || L_ == nullptr)
+			return Reference(L_, lua_nil);
+		L_ = IsMainReference ? main_thread(L_, L_) : L_;
+		lua_getglobal(L_, default_handler_name());
+		auto pp = stack::pop_n(L_, 1);
+		return Reference(L_, -1);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline void set_default_handler(lua_State* L, const T& ref) {
+		if (L == nullptr) {
+			return;
+		}
+		if (!ref.valid()) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_STACK_CHECK)
+			luaL_checkstack(L, 1, detail::not_enough_stack_space_generic);
+#endif // make sure stack doesn't overflow
+			lua_pushnil(L);
+			lua_setglobal(L, default_handler_name());
+		}
+		else {
+			ref.push(L);
+			lua_setglobal(L, default_handler_name());
+		}
+	}
+}} // namespace sol::detail
+
+// end of sol/protected_handler.hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <bool ShouldPush_, typename Handler_>
+		inline void handle_protected_exception(
+		     lua_State* L_, optional<const std::exception&> maybe_ex, const char* error, detail::protected_handler<ShouldPush_, Handler_>& handler_) {
+			handler_.stack_index = 0;
+			if (ShouldPush_) {
+				handler_.target.push(L_);
+				detail::call_exception_handler(L_, maybe_ex, error);
+				lua_call(L_, 1, 1);
+			}
+			else {
+				detail::call_exception_handler(L_, maybe_ex, error);
+			}
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <typename Reference, bool Aligned = false, typename Handler = reference>
+	class basic_protected_function : public basic_object<Reference> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_object<Reference>;
+		using handler_t = Handler;
+		inline static constexpr bool is_stack_handler_v = is_stack_based_v<handler_t>;
+
+		basic_protected_function(std::true_type, const basic_protected_function& other_) noexcept
+		: base_t(other_), m_error_handler(other_.m_error_handler.copy(lua_state())) {
+		}
+
+		basic_protected_function(std::false_type, const basic_protected_function& other_) noexcept : base_t(other_), m_error_handler(other_.m_error_handler) {
+		}
+
+	public:
+		basic_protected_function() = default;
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_protected_function>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_protected_function(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)), m_error_handler(get_default_handler(r.lua_state())) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_function<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				constructor_handler handler {};
+				stack::check<basic_protected_function>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(const basic_protected_function& other_) noexcept
+		: basic_protected_function(meta::boolean<is_stateless_lua_reference_v<Handler>>(), other_) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function& operator=(const basic_protected_function& other_) {
+			base_t::operator=(other_);
+			if constexpr (is_stateless_lua_reference_v<Handler>) {
+				m_error_handler.copy_assign(lua_state(), other_.m_error_handler);
+			}
+			else {
+				m_error_handler = other_.m_error_handler;
+			}
+			return *this;
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(basic_protected_function&&) = default;
+		basic_protected_function& operator=(basic_protected_function&&) = default;
+		basic_protected_function(const basic_function<base_t>& b) : basic_protected_function(b, get_default_handler(b.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(basic_function<base_t>&& b) : basic_protected_function(std::move(b), get_default_handler(b.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(const basic_function<base_t>& b, handler_t eh) : base_t(b), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(basic_function<base_t>&& b, handler_t eh) : base_t(std::move(b)), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(const stack_reference& r) : basic_protected_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), get_default_handler(r.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(stack_reference&& r) : basic_protected_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), get_default_handler(r.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(const stack_reference& r, handler_t eh) : basic_protected_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), std::move(eh)) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(stack_reference&& r, handler_t eh) : basic_protected_function(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), std::move(eh)) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_protected_function(const proxy_base<Super>& p) : basic_protected_function(p, get_default_handler(p.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_protected_function(proxy_base<Super>&& p) : basic_protected_function(std::move(p), get_default_handler(p.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		template <typename Proxy, typename HandlerReference,
+		     meta::enable<std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<Proxy>>,
+		          meta::neg<is_lua_index<meta::unqualified_t<HandlerReference>>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_protected_function(Proxy&& p, HandlerReference&& eh)
+		: basic_protected_function(detail::force_cast<base_t>(p), make_reference<handler_t>(p.lua_state(), std::forward<HandlerReference>(eh))) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, T&& r) : basic_protected_function(L_, std::forward<T>(r), get_default_handler(L_)) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, T&& r, handler_t eh) : base_t(L_, std::forward<T>(r)), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		basic_protected_function(lua_nil_t n) : base_t(n), m_error_handler(n) {
+		}
+
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, int index_ = -1) : basic_protected_function(L_, index_, get_default_handler(L_)) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, int index_, handler_t eh) : base_t(L_, index_), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(L_, index_, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, absolute_index index_) : basic_protected_function(L_, index_, get_default_handler(L_)) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, absolute_index index_, handler_t eh) : base_t(L_, index_), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(L_, index_, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, raw_index index_) : basic_protected_function(L_, index_, get_default_handler(L_)) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, raw_index index_, handler_t eh) : base_t(L_, index_), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(L_, index_, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, ref_index index_) : basic_protected_function(L_, index_, get_default_handler(L_)) {
+		}
+		basic_protected_function(lua_State* L_, ref_index index_, handler_t eh) : base_t(L_, index_), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_protected_function>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		int dump(lua_Writer writer, void* userdata_pointer_, bool strip, Fx&& on_error) const {
+			this->push();
+			auto ppn = stack::push_popper_n<false>(this->lua_state(), 1);
+			int r = lua_dump(this->lua_state(), writer, userdata_pointer_, strip ? 1 : 0);
+			if (r != 0) {
+				return on_error(this->lua_state(), r, writer, userdata_pointer_, strip);
+			}
+			return r;
+		}
+
+		int dump(lua_Writer writer, void* userdata_pointer_, bool strip = false) const {
+			return dump(writer, userdata_pointer_, strip, &dump_pass_on_error);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Container = bytecode>
+		Container dump() const {
+			Container bc;
+			(void)dump(static_cast<lua_Writer>(&basic_insert_dump_writer<Container>), static_cast<void*>(&bc), false, &dump_throw_on_error);
+			return bc;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Container = bytecode, typename Fx>
+		Container dump(Fx&& on_error) const {
+			Container bc;
+			(void)dump(static_cast<lua_Writer>(&basic_insert_dump_writer<Container>), static_cast<void*>(&bc), false, std::forward<Fx>(on_error));
+			return bc;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		protected_function_result operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) operator()(types<Ret...>, Args&&... args) const {
+			return call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) const {
+			if constexpr (!Aligned) {
+				// we do not expect the function to already be on the stack: push it
+				if (m_error_handler.valid(lua_state())) {
+					detail::protected_handler<true, handler_t> h(lua_state(), m_error_handler);
+					base_t::push();
+					int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount, h);
+				}
+				else {
+					detail::protected_handler<false, handler_t> h(lua_state(), m_error_handler);
+					base_t::push();
+					int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount, h);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				// the function is already on the stack at the right location
+				if (m_error_handler.valid()) {
+					// the handler will be pushed onto the stack manually,
+					// since it's not already on the stack this means we need to push our own
+					// function on the stack too and swap things to be in-place
+					if constexpr (!is_stack_handler_v) {
+						// so, we need to remove the function at the top and then dump the handler out ourselves
+						base_t::push();
+					}
+					detail::protected_handler<true, handler_t> h(lua_state(), m_error_handler);
+					if constexpr (!is_stack_handler_v) {
+						lua_replace(lua_state(), -3);
+						h.stack_index = lua_absindex(lua_state(), -2);
+					}
+					int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount, h);
+				}
+				else {
+					detail::protected_handler<false, handler_t> h(lua_state(), m_error_handler);
+					int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+					return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount, h);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		~basic_protected_function() {
+			if constexpr (is_stateless_lua_reference_v<handler_t>) {
+				this->m_error_handler.reset(lua_state());
+			}
+		}
+
+		static handler_t get_default_handler(lua_State* L_) {
+			return detail::get_default_handler<handler_t, is_main_threaded_v<base_t>>(L_);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		static void set_default_handler(const T& ref) {
+			detail::set_default_handler(ref.lua_state(), ref);
+		}
+
+		auto get_error_handler() const noexcept {
+			if constexpr (is_stateless_lua_reference_v<handler_t>) {
+				if constexpr (is_stack_based_v<handler_t>) {
+					return stack_reference(lua_state(), m_error_handler.stack_index());
+				}
+				else {
+					return basic_reference<is_main_threaded_v<base_t>>(lua_state(), ref_index(m_error_handler.registry_index()));
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				return m_error_handler;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename ErrorHandler_>
+		void set_error_handler(ErrorHandler_&& error_handler_) noexcept {
+			static_assert(!is_stack_based_v<handler_t> || is_stack_based_v<ErrorHandler_>,
+			     "A stack-based error handler can only be set from a parameter that is also stack-based.");
+			if constexpr (std::is_rvalue_reference_v<ErrorHandler_>) {
+				m_error_handler = std::forward<ErrorHandler_>(error_handler_);
+			}
+			else {
+				m_error_handler.copy_assign(lua_state(), std::forward<ErrorHandler_>(error_handler_));
+			}
+		}
+
+		void abandon () noexcept {
+			this->m_error_handler.abandon();
+			base_t::abandon();
+		}
+
+	private:
+		handler_t m_error_handler;
+
+		template <bool b>
+		call_status luacall(std::ptrdiff_t argcount, std::ptrdiff_t result_count_, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
+			return static_cast<call_status>(lua_pcall(lua_state(), static_cast<int>(argcount), static_cast<int>(result_count_), h.stack_index));
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, bool b, typename... Ret>
+		auto invoke(types<Ret...>, std::index_sequence<I...>, std::ptrdiff_t n, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
+			luacall(n, sizeof...(Ret), h);
+			return stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret...>>(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, bool b, typename Ret>
+		Ret invoke(types<Ret>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
+			luacall(n, 1, h);
+			return stack::pop<Ret>(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, bool b>
+		void invoke(types<void>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
+			luacall(n, 0, h);
+		}
+
+		template <bool b>
+		protected_function_result invoke(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::ptrdiff_t n, detail::protected_handler<b, handler_t>& h) const {
+			int stacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state());
+			int poststacksize = stacksize;
+			int firstreturn = 1;
+			int returncount = 0;
+			call_status code = call_status::ok;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_EXCEPTIONS) && SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS)
+			try {
+#endif // No Exceptions
+				firstreturn = (std::max)(1, static_cast<int>(stacksize - n - static_cast<int>(h.valid() && !is_stack_handler_v)));
+				code = luacall(n, LUA_MULTRET, h);
+				poststacksize = lua_gettop(lua_state()) - static_cast<int>(h.valid() && !is_stack_handler_v);
+				returncount = poststacksize - (firstreturn - 1);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_EXCEPTIONS) && SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS)
+			}
+			// Handle C++ errors thrown from C++ functions bound inside of lua
+			catch (const char* error) {
+				detail::handle_protected_exception(lua_state(), optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), error, h);
+				firstreturn = lua_gettop(lua_state());
+				return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, 0, 1, call_status::runtime);
+			}
+			catch (const std::string& error) {
+				detail::handle_protected_exception(lua_state(), optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), error.c_str(), h);
+				firstreturn = lua_gettop(lua_state());
+				return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, 0, 1, call_status::runtime);
+			}
+			catch (const std::exception& error) {
+				detail::handle_protected_exception(lua_state(), optional<const std::exception&>(error), error.what(), h);
+				firstreturn = lua_gettop(lua_state());
+				return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, 0, 1, call_status::runtime);
+			}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_EXCEPTIONS_CATCH_ALL)
+			// LuaJIT cannot have the catchall when the safe propagation is on
+			// but LuaJIT will swallow all C++ errors
+			// if we don't at least catch std::exception ones
+			catch (...) {
+				detail::handle_protected_exception(lua_state(), optional<const std::exception&>(nullopt), detail::protected_function_error, h);
+				firstreturn = lua_gettop(lua_state());
+				return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, 0, 1, call_status::runtime);
+			}
+#endif // Always catch edge case
+#else
+			// do not handle exceptions: they can be propogated into C++ and keep all type information / rich information
+#endif // Exceptions vs. No Exceptions
+			return protected_function_result(lua_state(), firstreturn, returncount, returncount, code);
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/protected_function.hpp
+
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+	decltype(auto) stack_proxy::call(Args&&... args) {
+		stack_function sf(this->lua_state(), this->stack_index());
+		return sf.template call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+
+	inline protected_function_result::protected_function_result(unsafe_function_result&& o) noexcept
+	: L(o.lua_state()), index(o.stack_index()), returncount(o.return_count()), popcount(o.return_count()), err(o.status()) {
+		// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+		// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+		// but we will be thorough
+		o.abandon();
+	}
+
+	inline protected_function_result& protected_function_result::operator=(unsafe_function_result&& o) noexcept {
+		L = o.lua_state();
+		index = o.stack_index();
+		returncount = o.return_count();
+		popcount = o.return_count();
+		err = o.status();
+		// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+		// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+		// but we will be thorough
+		o.abandon();
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	inline unsafe_function_result::unsafe_function_result(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept
+	: L(o.lua_state()), index(o.stack_index()), returncount(o.return_count()) {
+		// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+		// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+		// but we will be thorough
+		o.abandon();
+	}
+	inline unsafe_function_result& unsafe_function_result::operator=(protected_function_result&& o) noexcept {
+		L = o.lua_state();
+		index = o.stack_index();
+		returncount = o.return_count();
+		// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+		// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+		// but we will be thorough
+		o.abandon();
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	namespace detail {
+		template <typename... R>
+		struct std_shim {
+			unsafe_function lua_func_;
+
+			std_shim(unsafe_function lua_func) : lua_func_(std::move(lua_func)) {
+			}
+
+			template <typename... Args>
+			meta::return_type_t<R...> operator()(Args&&... args) {
+				return lua_func_.call<R...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct std_shim<void> {
+			unsafe_function lua_func_;
+
+			std_shim(unsafe_function lua_func) : lua_func_(std::move(lua_func)) {
+			}
+
+			template <typename... Args>
+			void operator()(Args&&... args) {
+				lua_func_.call<void>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <typename Signature>
+		struct unqualified_getter<std::function<Signature>> {
+			typedef meta::bind_traits<Signature> fx_t;
+			typedef typename fx_t::args_list args_lists;
+			typedef meta::tuple_types<typename fx_t::return_type> return_types;
+
+			template <typename... R>
+			static std::function<Signature> get_std_func(types<R...>, lua_State* L, int index) {
+				detail::std_shim<R...> fx(unsafe_function(L, index));
+				return fx;
+			}
+
+			static std::function<Signature> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				type t = type_of(L, index);
+				if (t == type::none || t == type::lua_nil) {
+					return nullptr;
+				}
+				return get_std_func(return_types(), L, index);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename Allocator>
+		struct unqualified_getter<basic_bytecode<Allocator>> {
+			static basic_bytecode<Allocator> get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				stack_function sf(L, index);
+				return sf.dump(&dump_panic_on_error);
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/function.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/usertype.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/usertype_core.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/deprecate.hpp
+
+#ifndef SOL_DEPRECATED
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define SOL_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
+#elif __GNUC__
+#define SOL_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+#else
+#define SOL_DEPRECATED [[deprecated]]
+#endif // compilers
+#endif // SOL_DEPRECATED
+
+namespace sol { namespace detail {
+	template <typename T>
+	struct SOL_DEPRECATED deprecate_type {
+		using type = T;
+	};
+}} // namespace sol::detail
+
+// end of sol/deprecate.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/usertype_container_launch.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/usertype_container.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct usertype_container;
+
+	namespace container_detail {
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_clear_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::clear));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_empty_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::empty));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_erase_after_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(
+			     decltype(std::declval<C>().erase_after(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::const_iterator>>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T, typename = void>
+		struct has_find_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().find(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::value_type>>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_find_test<T, std::enable_if_t<meta::is_lookup<T>::value>> {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().find(std::declval<std::add_rvalue_reference_t<typename C::key_type>>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_erase_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().erase(std::declval<typename C::iterator>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_erase_key_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(std::declval<C>().erase(std::declval<typename C::key_type>()))*);
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_find_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::find));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_index_of_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::index_of));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_insert_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::insert));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_erase_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::erase));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_index_set_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::index_set));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_index_get_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::index_get));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_set_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::set));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_get_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::get));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_at_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::at));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_pairs_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::pairs));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_ipairs_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::ipairs));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_next_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::next));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_add_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::add));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct has_traits_size_test {
+		private:
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_yes_t test(decltype(&C::size));
+			template <typename C>
+			static meta::sfinae_no_t test(...);
+
+		public:
+			static constexpr bool value = std::is_same_v<decltype(test<T>(0)), meta::sfinae_yes_t>;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_clear = meta::boolean<has_clear_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_empty = meta::boolean<has_empty_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_find = meta::boolean<has_find_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_erase = meta::boolean<has_erase_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_erase_key = meta::boolean<has_erase_key_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_erase_after = meta::boolean<has_erase_after_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_get = meta::boolean<has_traits_get_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_at = meta::boolean<has_traits_at_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_set = meta::boolean<has_traits_set_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_index_get = meta::boolean<has_traits_index_get_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_index_set = meta::boolean<has_traits_index_set_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_pairs = meta::boolean<has_traits_pairs_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_ipairs = meta::boolean<has_traits_ipairs_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_next = meta::boolean<has_traits_next_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_add = meta::boolean<has_traits_add_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_size = meta::boolean<has_traits_size_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_clear = has_clear<T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_empty = has_empty<T>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_find = meta::boolean<has_traits_find_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_index_of = meta::boolean<has_traits_index_of_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_insert = meta::boolean<has_traits_insert_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using has_traits_erase = meta::boolean<has_traits_erase_test<T>::value>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_forced_container : is_container<T> { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct is_forced_container<as_container_t<T>> : std::true_type { };
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct container_decay {
+			typedef T type;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct container_decay<as_container_t<T>> {
+			typedef T type;
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using container_decay_t = typename container_decay<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::type;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get_key(std::false_type, T&& t) {
+			return std::forward<T>(t);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get_key(std::true_type, T&& t) {
+			return t.first;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get_value(std::false_type, T&& t) {
+			return std::forward<T>(t);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get_value(std::true_type, T&& t) {
+			return t.second;
+		}
+
+		template <typename X, typename = void>
+		struct usertype_container_default {
+		private:
+			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<X>> T;
+
+		public:
+			typedef lua_nil_t iterator;
+			typedef iterator sentinel;
+			typedef lua_nil_t value_type;
+
+			static int at(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'at(index)' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int get(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'get(key)' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int index_get(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'container[key]' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int set(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'set(key, value)' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int index_set(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(
+				     L_, "sol: cannot call 'container[key] = value' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int add(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'add' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int insert(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'insert' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int find(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'find' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int index_of(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'index_of' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int size(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'end' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int clear(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'clear' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int empty(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'empty' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int erase(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'erase' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int next(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'next' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int pairs(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call '__pairs/pairs' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int ipairs(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call '__ipairs' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static iterator begin(lua_State* L_, T&) {
+				luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'being' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				return lua_nil;
+			}
+
+			static sentinel end(lua_State* L_, T&) {
+				luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'end' on type '%s': it is not recognized as a container", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				return lua_nil;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename X>
+		struct usertype_container_default<X,
+		     std::enable_if_t<meta::all<is_forced_container<meta::unqualified_t<X>>, meta::has_value_type<meta::unqualified_t<container_decay_t<X>>>,
+		          meta::has_iterator<meta::unqualified_t<container_decay_t<X>>>>::value>> {
+		private:
+			using T = std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<container_decay_t<X>>>;
+
+		private:
+			using deferred_uc = usertype_container<X>;
+			using is_associative = meta::is_associative<T>;
+			using is_lookup = meta::is_lookup<T>;
+			using is_ordered = meta::is_ordered<T>;
+			using is_matched_lookup = meta::is_matched_lookup<T>;
+			using iterator = typename T::iterator;
+			using sentinel = meta::sentinel_or_t<T, iterator>;
+			using value_type = typename T::value_type;
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<is_matched_lookup::value, std::pair<value_type, value_type>,
+			     meta::conditional_t<is_associative::value || is_lookup::value, value_type, std::pair<std::ptrdiff_t, value_type>>>
+			     KV;
+			typedef typename KV::first_type K;
+			typedef typename KV::second_type V;
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<is_matched_lookup::value, std::ptrdiff_t, K> next_K;
+			typedef decltype(*std::declval<iterator&>()) iterator_return;
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<is_associative::value || is_matched_lookup::value, std::add_lvalue_reference_t<V>,
+			     meta::conditional_t<is_lookup::value, V, iterator_return>>
+			     captured_type;
+			typedef typename meta::iterator_tag<iterator>::type iterator_category;
+			typedef std::is_same<iterator_category, std::input_iterator_tag> is_input_iterator;
+			typedef meta::conditional_t<is_input_iterator::value, V, decltype(detail::deref_move_only(std::declval<captured_type>()))> push_type;
+			typedef std::is_copy_assignable<V> is_copyable;
+			typedef meta::neg<meta::any<std::is_const<V>, std::is_const<std::remove_reference_t<iterator_return>>, meta::neg<is_copyable>>> is_writable;
+			typedef meta::unqualified_t<decltype(get_key(is_associative(), std::declval<std::add_lvalue_reference_t<value_type>>()))> key_type;
+			typedef meta::all<std::is_integral<K>, meta::neg<meta::any<is_associative, is_lookup>>> is_linear_integral;
+
+			struct iter : detail::ebco<iterator, 0>, detail::ebco<sentinel, 1> {
+				using it_base = detail::ebco<iterator, 0>;
+				using sen_base = detail::ebco<sentinel, 1>;
+				main_reference keep_alive;
+				std::size_t index;
+
+				iter(lua_State* L_, int stack_index_, iterator it_, sentinel sen_) noexcept
+				: it_base(std::move(it_)), sen_base(std::move(sen_)), keep_alive(L_, stack_index_), index(0) {
+				}
+
+				iterator& it() noexcept {
+					return it_base::value();
+				}
+
+				const iterator& it() const noexcept {
+					return it_base::value();
+				}
+
+				sentinel& sen() noexcept {
+					return sen_base::value();
+				}
+
+				const sentinel& sen() const noexcept {
+					return sen_base::value();
+				}
+			};
+
+			static auto& get_src(lua_State* L_) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE)
+				auto p = stack::unqualified_check_get<T*>(L_, 1);
+				if (!p) {
+					luaL_error(L_,
+					     "sol: 'self' is not of type '%s' (pass 'self' as first argument with ':' or call on proper type)",
+					     detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				if (p.value() == nullptr) {
+					luaL_error(
+					     L_, "sol: 'self' argument is nil (pass 'self' as first argument with ':' or call on a '%s' type)", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				return *p.value();
+#else
+				return stack::unqualified_get<T>(L_, 1);
+#endif // Safe getting with error
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result at_category(std::input_iterator_tag, lua_State* L_, T& self, std::ptrdiff_t pos) {
+				pos += deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self);
+				if (pos < 0) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self);
+				auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				if (it == e) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				while (pos > 0) {
+					--pos;
+					++it;
+					if (it == e) {
+						return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+					}
+				}
+				return get_associative(is_associative(), L_, it);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result at_category(std::random_access_iterator_tag, lua_State* L_, T& self, std::ptrdiff_t pos) {
+				std::ptrdiff_t len = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size_start(L_, self));
+				pos += deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self);
+				if (pos < 0 || pos >= len) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				auto it = std::next(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), pos);
+				return get_associative(is_associative(), L_, it);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result at_start(lua_State* L_, T& self, std::ptrdiff_t pos) {
+				return at_category(iterator_category(), L_, self, pos);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result get_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, Iter& it) {
+				decltype(auto) v = *it;
+				return stack::stack_detail::push_reference<push_type>(L_, detail::deref_move_only(v.second));
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result get_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, Iter& it) {
+				return stack::stack_detail::push_reference<push_type>(L_, detail::deref_move_only(*it));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_category(std::input_iterator_tag, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				key = static_cast<K>(key + deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+				if (key < 0) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self);
+				auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				if (it == e) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				while (key > 0) {
+					--key;
+					++it;
+					if (it == e) {
+						return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+					}
+				}
+				return get_associative(is_associative(), L_, it);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_category(std::random_access_iterator_tag, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				std::ptrdiff_t len = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size_start(L_, self));
+				key = static_cast<K>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(key) + deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+				if (key < 0 || key >= len) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				auto it = std::next(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), key);
+				return get_associative(is_associative(), L_, it);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_it(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return get_category(iterator_category(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_comparative(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				auto fx = [&](const value_type& r) -> bool { return key == get_key(is_associative(), r); };
+				auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				auto it = std::find_if(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), e, std::ref(fx));
+				if (it == e) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				return get_associative(is_associative(), L_, it);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_comparative(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&, K&) {
+				return detail::error_result("cannot get this key on '%s': no suitable way to increment iterator and compare to key value '%s'",
+				     detail::demangle<T>().data(),
+				     detail::demangle<K>().data());
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_it(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return get_comparative(meta::supports_op_equal<K, key_type>(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_associative(std::true_type, iterator& it, stack_object value) {
+				decltype(auto) v = *it;
+				v.second = value.as<V>();
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_associative(std::false_type, iterator& it, stack_object value) {
+				decltype(auto) v = *it;
+				v = value.as<V>();
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_writable(std::true_type, lua_State*, T&, iterator& it, stack_object value) {
+				return set_associative(is_associative(), it, std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_writable(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&, iterator&, stack_object) {
+				return detail::error_result(
+				     "cannot perform a 'set': '%s's iterator reference is not writable (non-copy-assignable or const)", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_category(std::input_iterator_tag, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object okey, stack_object value) {
+				decltype(auto) key = okey.as<K>();
+				key = static_cast<K>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(key) + deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+				auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self);
+				auto backit = it;
+				for (; key > 0 && it != e; --key, ++it) {
+					backit = it;
+				}
+				if (it == e) {
+					if (key == 0) {
+						return add_copyable(is_copyable(), L_, self, std::move(value), meta::has_insert_after<T>::value ? backit : it);
+					}
+					return detail::error_result("out of bounds (too big) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				return set_writable(is_writable(), L_, self, it, std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_category(std::random_access_iterator_tag, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object okey, stack_object value) {
+				decltype(auto) key = okey.as<K>();
+				key = static_cast<K>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(key) + deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+				if (key < 0) {
+					return detail::error_result("sol: out of bounds (too small) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				std::ptrdiff_t len = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(size_start(L_, self));
+				if (key == len) {
+					return add_copyable(is_copyable(), L_, self, std::move(value));
+				}
+				else if (key >= len) {
+					return detail::error_result("sol: out of bounds (too big) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				auto it = std::next(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), key);
+				return set_writable(is_writable(), L_, self, it, std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_comparative(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object okey, stack_object value) {
+				decltype(auto) key = okey.as<K>();
+				if (!is_writable::value) {
+					return detail::error_result(
+					     "cannot perform a 'set': '%s's iterator reference is not writable (non-copy-assignable or const)", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+				}
+				auto fx = [&](const value_type& r) -> bool { return key == get_key(is_associative(), r); };
+				auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				auto it = std::find_if(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), e, std::ref(fx));
+				if (it == e) {
+					return {};
+				}
+				return set_writable(is_writable(), L_, self, it, std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_comparative(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&, stack_object, stack_object) {
+				return detail::error_result("cannot set this value on '%s': no suitable way to increment iterator or compare to '%s' key",
+				     detail::demangle<T>().data(),
+				     detail::demangle<K>().data());
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result set_associative_insert(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, Iter& it, K& key, stack_object value) {
+				if constexpr (meta::has_insert_with_iterator<T>::value) {
+					self.insert(it, value_type(key, value.as<V>()));
+					return {};
+				}
+				else if constexpr (meta::has_insert<T>::value) {
+					self.insert(value_type(key, value.as<V>()));
+					return {};
+				}
+				else {
+					(void)self;
+					(void)it;
+					(void)key;
+					return detail::error_result(
+					     "cannot call 'set' on '%s': there is no 'insert' function on this associative type", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result set_associative_insert(std::false_type, lua_State*, T& self, Iter& it, K& key, stack_object) {
+				if constexpr (meta::has_insert_with_iterator<T>::value) {
+					self.insert(it, key);
+					return {};
+				}
+				else if constexpr (meta::has_insert<T>::value) {
+					self.insert(key);
+					return {};
+				}
+				else {
+					(void)self;
+					(void)it;
+					(void)key;
+					return detail::error_result(
+					     "cannot call 'set' on '%s': there is no 'insert' function on this non-associative type", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_associative_find(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object okey, stack_object value) {
+				decltype(auto) key = okey.as<K>();
+				auto it = self.find(key);
+				if (it == deferred_uc::end(L_, self)) {
+					return set_associative_insert(is_associative(), L_, self, it, key, std::move(value));
+				}
+				return set_writable(is_writable(), L_, self, it, std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_associative_find(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
+				return set_comparative(meta::supports_op_equal<K, key_type>(), L_, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_it(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
+				return set_category(iterator_category(), L_, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_it(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
+				return set_associative_find(meta::all<has_find<T>, meta::any<is_associative, is_lookup>>(), L_, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			template <bool idx_of = false>
+			static detail::error_result find_has_associative_lookup(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				if constexpr (!is_ordered::value && idx_of) {
+					(void)L_;
+					(void)self;
+					return detail::error_result("cannot perform an 'index_of': '%s's is not an ordered container", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+				}
+				else {
+					decltype(auto) key = stack::unqualified_get<K>(L_, 2);
+					auto it = self.find(key);
+					if (it == deferred_uc::end(L_, self)) {
+						return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+					}
+					if constexpr (idx_of) {
+						auto dist = std::distance(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), it);
+						dist -= deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self);
+						return stack::push(L_, dist);
+					}
+					else {
+						return get_associative(is_associative(), L_, it);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <bool idx_of = false>
+			static detail::error_result find_has_associative_lookup(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				if constexpr (!is_ordered::value && idx_of) {
+					(void)L_;
+					(void)self;
+					return detail::error_result("cannot perform an 'index_of': '%s's is not an ordered container", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+				}
+				else {
+					decltype(auto) value = stack::unqualified_get<V>(L_, 2);
+					auto it = self.find(value);
+					if (it == deferred_uc::end(L_, self)) {
+						return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+					}
+					if constexpr (idx_of) {
+						auto dist = std::distance(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), it);
+						dist -= deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self);
+						return stack::push(L_, dist);
+					}
+					else {
+						return get_associative(is_associative(), L_, it);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			template <bool idx_of = false>
+			static detail::error_result find_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				return find_has_associative_lookup<idx_of>(meta::any<is_lookup, is_associative>(), L_, self);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result find_associative_lookup(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T&, Iter& it, std::size_t) {
+				return get_associative(is_associative(), L_, it);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result find_associative_lookup(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, Iter&, std::size_t idx) {
+				idx = static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(idx) - deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+				return stack::push(L_, idx);
+			}
+
+			template <bool = false>
+			static detail::error_result find_comparative(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&) {
+				return detail::error_result("cannot call 'find' on '%s': there is no 'find' function and the value_type is not equality comparable",
+				     detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			template <bool idx_of = false>
+			static detail::error_result find_comparative(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				decltype(auto) value = stack::unqualified_get<V>(L_, 2);
+				auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self);
+				auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				std::size_t idx = 0;
+				for (;; ++it, ++idx) {
+					if (it == e) {
+						return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+					}
+					if (value == get_value(is_associative(), *it)) {
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				return find_associative_lookup(meta::all<meta::boolean<!idx_of>, meta::any<is_lookup, is_associative>>(), L_, self, it, idx);
+			}
+
+			template <bool idx_of = false>
+			static detail::error_result find_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				return find_comparative<idx_of>(meta::supports_op_equal<V>(), L_, self);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_insert_after(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value, Iter&) {
+				return add_insert_after(std::false_type(), L_, self, value);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_insert_after(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&, stack_object) {
+				return detail::error_result("cannot call 'add' on type '%s': no suitable insert/push_back C++ functions", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_insert_after(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, stack_object value, Iter& pos) {
+				self.insert_after(pos, value.as<V>());
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_insert_after(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value) {
+				auto backit = self.before_begin();
+				{
+					auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+					for (auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self); it != e; ++backit, ++it) { }
+				}
+				return add_insert_after(std::true_type(), L_, self, value, backit);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_insert(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, stack_object value, Iter& pos) {
+				self.insert(pos, value.as<V>());
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_insert(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value) {
+				auto pos = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				return add_insert(std::true_type(), L_, self, value, pos);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_insert(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value, Iter& pos) {
+				return add_insert_after(meta::has_insert_after<T>(), L_, self, std::move(value), pos);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_insert(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value) {
+				return add_insert_after(meta::has_insert_after<T>(), L_, self, std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_push_back(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, stack_object value, Iter&) {
+				self.push_back(value.as<V>());
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_push_back(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, stack_object value) {
+				self.push_back(value.as<V>());
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_push_back(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value, Iter& pos) {
+				return add_insert(
+				     std::integral_constant < bool, meta::has_insert<T>::value || meta::has_insert_with_iterator<T>::value > (), L_, self, value, pos);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_push_back(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value) {
+				return add_insert(
+				     std::integral_constant < bool, meta::has_insert<T>::value || meta::has_insert_with_iterator<T>::value > (), L_, self, value);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object key, Iter& pos) {
+				if constexpr (meta::has_insert_with_iterator<T>::value) {
+					self.insert(pos, value_type(key.as<K>(), stack::unqualified_get<V>(L_, 3)));
+					return {};
+				}
+				else if constexpr (meta::has_insert<T>::value) {
+					self.insert(value_type(key.as<K>(), stack::unqualified_get<V>(L_, 3)));
+					return {};
+				}
+				else {
+					(void)L_;
+					(void)self;
+					(void)key;
+					(void)pos;
+					return detail::error_result(
+					     "cannot call 'insert' on '%s': there is no 'insert' function on this associative type", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object key) {
+				auto pos = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				return add_associative(std::true_type(), L_, self, std::move(key), pos);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value, Iter& pos) {
+				return add_push_back(meta::has_push_back<T>(), L_, self, value, pos);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value) {
+				return add_push_back(meta::has_push_back<T>(), L_, self, value);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_copyable(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value, Iter& pos) {
+				return add_associative(is_associative(), L_, self, std::move(value), pos);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_copyable(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value) {
+				return add_associative(is_associative(), L_, self, value);
+			}
+
+			template <typename Iter>
+			static detail::error_result add_copyable(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object value, Iter&) {
+				return add_copyable(std::false_type(), L_, self, std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result add_copyable(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&, stack_object) {
+				return detail::error_result("cannot call 'add' on '%s': value_type is non-copyable", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result insert_lookup(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object, stack_object value) {
+				// TODO: should we warn or error about someone calling insert on an ordered / lookup container with no associativity?
+				return add_copyable(std::true_type(), L_, self, std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result insert_lookup(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object where, stack_object value) {
+				auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self);
+				auto key = where.as<K>();
+				key = static_cast<K>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(key) + deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+				std::advance(it, key);
+				self.insert(it, value.as<V>());
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result insert_after_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object where, stack_object value) {
+				auto key = where.as<K>();
+				auto backit = self.before_begin();
+				{
+					key = static_cast<K>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(key) + deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+					auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+					for (auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self); key > 0; ++backit, ++it, --key) {
+						if (backit == e) {
+							return detail::error_result("sol: out of bounds (too big) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				self.insert_after(backit, value.as<V>());
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result insert_after_has(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&, stack_object, stack_object) {
+				return detail::error_result(
+				     "cannot call 'insert' on '%s': no suitable or similar functionality detected on this container", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result insert_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
+				return insert_lookup(meta::any<is_associative, is_lookup>(), L_, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result insert_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object where, stack_object value) {
+				return insert_after_has(meta::has_insert_after<T>(), L_, self, where, value);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result insert_copyable(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
+				return insert_has(std::integral_constant < bool,
+				     meta::has_insert<T>::value || meta::has_insert_with_iterator<T>::value > (),
+				     L_,
+				     self,
+				     std::move(key),
+				     std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result insert_copyable(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&, stack_object, stack_object) {
+				return detail::error_result("cannot call 'insert' on '%s': value_type is non-copyable", detail::demangle<T>().data());
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_integral(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self);
+				key = (static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(key) + deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+				std::advance(it, key);
+				self.erase(it);
+
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_integral(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, const K& key) {
+				auto fx = [&](const value_type& r) -> bool { return key == r; };
+				auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+				auto it = std::find_if(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), e, std::ref(fx));
+				if (it == e) {
+					return {};
+				}
+				self.erase(it);
+
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_associative_lookup(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self, const K& key) {
+				self.erase(key);
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_associative_lookup(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return erase_integral(std::is_integral<K>(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_after_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				auto backit = self.before_begin();
+				{
+					key = static_cast<K>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(key) + deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+					auto e = deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+					for (auto it = deferred_uc::begin(L_, self); key > 0; ++backit, ++it, --key) {
+						if (backit == e) {
+							return detail::error_result("sol: out of bounds for erase on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				self.erase_after(backit);
+				return {};
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_after_has(std::false_type, lua_State*, T&, const K&) {
+				return detail::error_result("sol: cannot call erase on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_key_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return erase_associative_lookup(meta::any<is_associative, is_lookup>(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_key_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return erase_after_has(has_erase_after<T>(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_has(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return erase_associative_lookup(meta::any<is_associative, is_lookup>(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return erase_key_has(has_erase_key<T>(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static auto size_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				return std::distance(deferred_uc::begin(L_, self), deferred_uc::end(L_, self));
+			}
+
+			static auto size_has(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self) {
+				return self.size();
+			}
+
+			static void clear_has(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self) {
+				self.clear();
+			}
+
+			static void clear_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T&) {
+				luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call clear on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static bool empty_has(std::true_type, lua_State*, T& self) {
+				return self.empty();
+			}
+
+			static bool empty_has(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				return deferred_uc::begin(L_, self) == deferred_uc::end(L_, self);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_associative_find(std::true_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				auto it = self.find(key);
+				if (it == deferred_uc::end(L_, self)) {
+					stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+					return {};
+				}
+				return get_associative(std::true_type(), L_, it);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_associative_find(std::false_type, lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return get_it(is_linear_integral(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result get_start(lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return get_associative_find(std::integral_constant < bool, is_associative::value&& has_find<T>::value > (), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result set_start(lua_State* L_, T& self, stack_object key, stack_object value) {
+				return set_it(is_linear_integral(), L_, self, std::move(key), std::move(value));
+			}
+
+			static std::size_t size_start(lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				return static_cast<std::size_t>(size_has(meta::has_size<T>(), L_, self));
+			}
+
+			static void clear_start(lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				clear_has(has_clear<T>(), L_, self);
+			}
+
+			static bool empty_start(lua_State* L_, T& self) {
+				return empty_has(has_empty<T>(), L_, self);
+			}
+
+			static detail::error_result erase_start(lua_State* L_, T& self, K& key) {
+				return erase_has(has_erase<T>(), L_, self, key);
+			}
+
+			template <bool ip>
+			static int next_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L_) {
+				iter& i = stack::unqualified_get<user<iter>>(L_, 1);
+				auto& it = i.it;
+				auto& end = i.end;
+				if (it == end) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				int p;
+				if constexpr (ip) {
+					++i.index;
+					p = stack::push_reference(L_, i.index);
+				}
+				else {
+					p = stack::push_reference(L_, it->first);
+				}
+				p += stack::stack_detail::push_reference<push_type>(L_, detail::deref_move_only(it->second));
+				std::advance(it, 1);
+				return p;
+			}
+
+			template <bool>
+			static int next_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L_) {
+				iter& i = stack::unqualified_get<user<iter>>(L_, 1);
+				auto& it = i.it();
+				auto& end = i.sen();
+				next_K k = stack::unqualified_get<next_K>(L_, 2);
+				if (it == end) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				int p;
+				if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<next_K>) {
+					p = stack::push_reference(L_, k + 1);
+				}
+				else {
+					p = stack::stack_detail::push_reference(L_, k + 1);
+				}
+				p += stack::stack_detail::push_reference<push_type>(L_, detail::deref_move_only(*it));
+				std::advance(it, 1);
+				return p;
+			}
+
+			template <bool ip>
+			static int next_iter(lua_State* L_) {
+				typedef meta::any<is_associative, meta::all<is_lookup, meta::neg<is_matched_lookup>>> is_assoc;
+				return next_associative<ip>(is_assoc(), L_);
+			}
+
+			template <bool ip>
+			static int pairs_associative(std::true_type, lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& src = get_src(L_);
+				stack::push(L_, next_iter<ip>);
+				stack::push<user<iter>>(L_, L_, 1, deferred_uc::begin(L_, src), deferred_uc::begin(L_, src));
+				stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				return 3;
+			}
+
+			template <bool ip>
+			static int pairs_associative(std::false_type, lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& src = get_src(L_);
+				stack::push(L_, next_iter<ip>);
+				stack::push<user<iter>>(L_, L_, 1, deferred_uc::begin(L_, src), deferred_uc::end(L_, src));
+				stack::push(L_, 0);
+				return 3;
+			}
+
+		public:
+			static int at(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				detail::error_result er;
+				{
+					std::ptrdiff_t pos = stack::unqualified_get<std::ptrdiff_t>(L_, 2);
+					er = at_start(L_, self, pos);
+				}
+				return handle_errors(L_, er);
+			}
+
+			static int get(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				detail::error_result er;
+				{
+					decltype(auto) key = stack::unqualified_get<K>(L_);
+					er = get_start(L_, self, key);
+				}
+				return handle_errors(L_, er);
+			}
+
+			static int index_get(lua_State* L_) {
+				return get(L_);
+			}
+
+			static int set(lua_State* L_) {
+				stack_object value = stack_object(L_, raw_index(3));
+				if constexpr (is_linear_integral::value) {
+					// for non-associative containers,
+					// erasure only happens if it is the
+					// last index in the container
+					auto key = stack::get<K>(L_, 2);
+					auto self_size = deferred_uc::size(L_);
+					if (key == static_cast<K>(self_size)) {
+						if (type_of(L_, 3) == type::lua_nil) {
+							return erase(L_);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					if (type_of(L_, 3) == type::lua_nil) {
+						return erase(L_);
+					}
+				}
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				detail::error_result er = set_start(L_, self, stack_object(L_, raw_index(2)), std::move(value));
+				return handle_errors(L_, er);
+			}
+
+			static int index_set(lua_State* L_) {
+				return set(L_);
+			}
+
+			static int add(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				detail::error_result er = add_copyable(is_copyable(), L_, self, stack_object(L_, raw_index(2)));
+				return handle_errors(L_, er);
+			}
+
+			static int insert(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				detail::error_result er = insert_copyable(is_copyable(), L_, self, stack_object(L_, raw_index(2)), stack_object(L_, raw_index(3)));
+				return handle_errors(L_, er);
+			}
+
+			static int find(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				detail::error_result er = find_has(has_find<T>(), L_, self);
+				return handle_errors(L_, er);
+			}
+
+			static int index_of(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				detail::error_result er = find_has<true>(has_find<T>(), L_, self);
+				return handle_errors(L_, er);
+			}
+
+			static iterator begin(lua_State*, T& self) {
+				if constexpr (meta::has_begin_end_v<T>) {
+					return self.begin();
+				}
+				else {
+					using std::begin;
+					return begin(self);
+				}
+			}
+
+			static sentinel end(lua_State*, T& self) {
+				if constexpr (meta::has_begin_end_v<T>) {
+					return self.end();
+				}
+				else {
+					using std::end;
+					return end(self);
+				}
+			}
+
+			static int size(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				std::size_t r = size_start(L_, self);
+				return stack::push(L_, r);
+			}
+
+			static int clear(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				clear_start(L_, self);
+				return 0;
+			}
+
+			static int erase(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				detail::error_result er;
+				{
+					decltype(auto) key = stack::unqualified_get<K>(L_, 2);
+					er = erase_start(L_, self, key);
+				}
+				return handle_errors(L_, er);
+			}
+
+			static int empty(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& self = get_src(L_);
+				return stack::push(L_, empty_start(L_, self));
+			}
+
+			static std::ptrdiff_t index_adjustment(lua_State*, T&) {
+				return static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>((SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_) == 0 ? 0 : -(SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_));
+			}
+
+			static int pairs(lua_State* L_) {
+				typedef meta::any<is_associative, meta::all<is_lookup, meta::neg<is_matched_lookup>>> is_assoc;
+				return pairs_associative<false>(is_assoc(), L_);
+			}
+
+			static int ipairs(lua_State* L_) {
+				typedef meta::any<is_associative, meta::all<is_lookup, meta::neg<is_matched_lookup>>> is_assoc;
+				return pairs_associative<true>(is_assoc(), L_);
+			}
+
+			static int next(lua_State* L_) {
+				return stack::push(L_, next_iter<false>);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename X>
+		struct usertype_container_default<X, std::enable_if_t<std::is_array<std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<X>>>::value>> {
+		private:
+			typedef std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<X>> T;
+			typedef usertype_container<X> deferred_uc;
+
+		public:
+			typedef std::remove_extent_t<T> value_type;
+			typedef value_type* iterator;
+			typedef iterator sentinel;
+
+		private:
+			struct iter : detail::ebco<iterator, 0>, detail::ebco<sentinel, 1> {
+				using it_base = detail::ebco<iterator, 0>;
+				using sen_base = detail::ebco<sentinel, 1>;
+				reference keep_alive;
+				
+				iter(lua_State* L_, int stack_index_, iterator it_, sentinel sen_) noexcept
+				: it_base(std::move(it_)), sen_base(std::move(sen_)), keep_alive(sol::main_thread(L_, L_), stack_index_) {
+				}
+
+				iterator& it() noexcept {
+					return it_base::value();
+				}
+
+				const iterator& it() const noexcept {
+					return it_base::value();
+				}
+
+				sentinel& sen() noexcept {
+					return sen_base::value();
+				}
+
+				const sentinel& sen() const noexcept {
+					return sen_base::value();
+				}
+			};
+
+			static auto& get_src(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto p = stack::unqualified_check_get<T*>(L_, 1);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_USERTYPE)
+				if (!p) {
+					luaL_error(L_,
+					     "sol: 'self' is not of type '%s' (pass 'self' as first argument with ':' or call on proper type)",
+					     detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				if (p.value() == nullptr) {
+					luaL_error(
+					     L_, "sol: 'self' argument is nil (pass 'self' as first argument with ':' or call on a '%s' type)", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+#endif // Safe getting with error
+				return *p.value();
+			}
+
+			static int find(std::true_type, lua_State* L_) {
+				T& self = get_src(L_);
+				decltype(auto) value = stack::unqualified_get<value_type>(L_, 2);
+				std::size_t N = std::extent<T>::value;
+				for (std::size_t idx = 0; idx < N; ++idx) {
+					using v_t = std::add_const_t<decltype(self[idx])>;
+					v_t v = self[idx];
+					if (v == value) {
+						idx = static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(idx) - deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self));
+						return stack::push(L_, idx);
+					}
+				}
+				return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+			}
+
+			static int find(std::false_type, lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'find' on '%s': no supported comparison operator for the value type", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int next_iter(lua_State* L_) {
+				iter& i = stack::unqualified_get<user<iter>>(L_, 1);
+				auto& it = i.it();
+				auto& end = i.sen();
+				std::size_t k = stack::unqualified_get<std::size_t>(L_, 2);
+				if (it == end) {
+					return 0;
+				}
+				int p;
+				p = stack::push(L_, k + 1);
+				p += stack::push_reference(L_, detail::deref_move_only(*it));
+				std::advance(it, 1);
+				return p;
+			}
+
+		public:
+			static int clear(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'clear' on type '%s': cannot remove all items from a fixed array", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int erase(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'erase' on type '%s': cannot remove an item from fixed arrays", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int add(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'add' on type '%s': cannot add to fixed arrays", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int insert(lua_State* L_) {
+				return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot call 'insert' on type '%s': cannot insert new entries into fixed arrays", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+			}
+
+			static int at(lua_State* L_) {
+				return get(L_);
+			}
+
+			static int get(lua_State* L_) {
+				T& self = get_src(L_);
+				std::ptrdiff_t idx = stack::unqualified_get<std::ptrdiff_t>(L_, 2);
+				idx += deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self);
+				if (idx >= static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(std::extent<T>::value) || idx < 0) {
+					return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+				}
+				return stack::push_reference(L_, detail::deref_move_only(self[idx]));
+			}
+
+			static int index_get(lua_State* L_) {
+				return get(L_);
+			}
+
+			static int set(lua_State* L_) {
+				T& self = get_src(L_);
+				std::ptrdiff_t idx = stack::unqualified_get<std::ptrdiff_t>(L_, 2);
+				idx += deferred_uc::index_adjustment(L_, self);
+				if (idx >= static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(std::extent<T>::value)) {
+					return luaL_error(L_, "sol: index out of bounds (too big) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				if (idx < 0) {
+					return luaL_error(L_, "sol: index out of bounds (too small) for set on '%s'", detail::demangle<T>().c_str());
+				}
+				self[idx] = stack::unqualified_get<value_type>(L_, 3);
+				return 0;
+			}
+
+			static int index_set(lua_State* L_) {
+				return set(L_);
+			}
+
+			static int index_of(lua_State* L_) {
+				return find(L_);
+			}
+
+			static int find(lua_State* L_) {
+				return find(meta::supports_op_equal<value_type, value_type>(), L_);
+			}
+
+			static int size(lua_State* L_) {
+				return stack::push(L_, std::extent<T>::value);
+			}
+
+			static int empty(lua_State* L_) {
+				return stack::push(L_, std::extent<T>::value > 0);
+			}
+
+			static int pairs(lua_State* L_) {
+				auto& src = get_src(L_);
+				stack::push(L_, next_iter);
+				stack::push<user<iter>>(L_, L_, 1, deferred_uc::begin(L_, src), deferred_uc::end(L_, src));
+				stack::push(L_, 0);
+				return 3;
+			}
+
+			static int ipairs(lua_State* L_) {
+				return pairs(L_);
+			}
+
+			static int next(lua_State* L_) {
+				return stack::push(L_, next_iter);
+			}
+
+			static std::ptrdiff_t index_adjustment(lua_State*, T&) {
+				return (SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_) == 0 ? 0 : -(SOL_CONTAINER_START_INDEX_I_);
+			}
+
+			static iterator begin(lua_State*, T& self) {
+				return std::addressof(self[0]);
+			}
+
+			static sentinel end(lua_State*, T& self) {
+				return std::addressof(self[0]) + std::extent<T>::value;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename X>
+		struct usertype_container_default<usertype_container<X>> : usertype_container_default<X> { };
+	} // namespace container_detail
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct usertype_container : container_detail::usertype_container_default<T> { };
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/usertype_container.hpp
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	namespace container_detail {
+		template <typename X>
+		struct u_c_launch {
+			using T = std::remove_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<X>>;
+			using uc = usertype_container<T>;
+			using default_uc = usertype_container_default<T>;
+
+			static inline int real_index_get_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::index_get(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_index_get_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::index_get(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_index_call(lua_State* L) {
+				static const std::unordered_map<string_view, lua_CFunction> calls {
+					{ "at", &real_at_call },
+					{ "get", &real_get_call },
+					{ "set", &real_set_call },
+					{ "size", &real_length_call },
+					{ "add", &real_add_call },
+					{ "empty", &real_empty_call },
+					{ "insert", &real_insert_call },
+					{ "clear", &real_clear_call },
+					{ "find", &real_find_call },
+					{ "index_of", &real_index_of_call },
+					{ "erase", &real_erase_call },
+					{ "pairs", &pairs_call },
+					{ "next", &next_call },
+				};
+				auto maybenameview = stack::unqualified_check_get<string_view>(L, 2);
+				if (maybenameview) {
+					const string_view& name = *maybenameview;
+					auto it = calls.find(name);
+					if (it != calls.cend()) {
+						return stack::push(L, it->second);
+					}
+				}
+				return real_index_get_traits(container_detail::has_traits_index_get<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_at_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::at(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_at_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::at(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_at_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_at_traits(container_detail::has_traits_at<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_get_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::get(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_get_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::get(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_get_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_get_traits(container_detail::has_traits_get<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_set_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::set(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_set_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::set(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_set_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_set_traits(container_detail::has_traits_set<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_index_set_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::index_set(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_index_set_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::index_set(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_new_index_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_index_set_traits(container_detail::has_traits_index_set<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_pairs_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::pairs(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_pairs_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::pairs(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_pairs_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_pairs_traits(container_detail::has_traits_pairs<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_ipairs_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::ipairs(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_ipairs_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::ipairs(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_ipairs_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_ipairs_traits(container_detail::has_traits_ipairs<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_next_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::next(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_next_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::next(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_next_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_next_traits(container_detail::has_traits_next<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_size_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::size(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_size_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::size(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_length_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_size_traits(container_detail::has_traits_size<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_add_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::add(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_add_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::add(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_add_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_add_traits(container_detail::has_traits_add<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_insert_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::insert(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_insert_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::insert(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_insert_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_insert_traits(container_detail::has_traits_insert<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_clear_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::clear(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_clear_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::clear(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_clear_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_clear_traits(container_detail::has_traits_clear<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_empty_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::empty(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_empty_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::empty(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_empty_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_empty_traits(container_detail::has_traits_empty<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_erase_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::erase(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_erase_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::erase(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_erase_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_erase_traits(container_detail::has_traits_erase<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_find_traits(std::true_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return uc::find(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_find_traits(std::false_type, lua_State* L) {
+				return default_uc::find(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_find_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return real_find_traits(container_detail::has_traits_find<uc>(), L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int real_index_of_call(lua_State* L) {
+				if constexpr (container_detail::has_traits_index_of<uc>()) {
+					return uc::index_of(L);
+				}
+				else {
+					return default_uc::index_of(L);
+				}
+			}
+
+			static inline int add_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_add_call), (&real_add_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int erase_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_erase_call), (&real_erase_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int insert_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_insert_call), (&real_insert_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int clear_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_clear_call), (&real_clear_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int empty_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_empty_call), (&real_empty_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int find_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_find_call), (&real_find_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int index_of_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_index_of_call), (&real_index_of_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int length_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_length_call), (&real_length_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int pairs_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_pairs_call), (&real_pairs_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int ipairs_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_ipairs_call), (&real_ipairs_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int next_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_next_call), (&real_next_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int at_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_at_call), (&real_at_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int get_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_get_call), (&real_get_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int set_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_set_call), (&real_set_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int index_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_index_call), (&real_index_call)>(L);
+			}
+
+			static inline int new_index_call(lua_State* L) {
+				return detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&real_new_index_call), (&real_new_index_call)>(L);
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace container_detail
+
+	namespace stack {
+		namespace stack_detail {
+			template <typename T, bool is_shim = false>
+			struct metatable_setup {
+				lua_State* L;
+
+				metatable_setup(lua_State* L) : L(L) {
+				}
+
+				void operator()() {
+					using meta_usertype_container
+					     = container_detail::u_c_launch<meta::conditional_t<is_shim, as_container_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>, std::remove_pointer_t<T>>>;
+					static const char* metakey
+					     = is_shim ? &usertype_traits<as_container_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>>::metatable()[0] : &usertype_traits<T>::metatable()[0];
+					static const std::array<luaL_Reg, 20> reg = { {
+						// clang-format off
+						{ "__pairs", &meta_usertype_container::pairs_call },
+						{ "__ipairs", &meta_usertype_container::ipairs_call },
+						{ "__len", &meta_usertype_container::length_call },
+						{ "__index", &meta_usertype_container::index_call },
+						{ "__newindex", &meta_usertype_container::new_index_call },
+						{ "pairs", &meta_usertype_container::pairs_call },
+						{ "next", &meta_usertype_container::next_call },
+						{ "at", &meta_usertype_container::at_call },
+						{ "get", &meta_usertype_container::get_call },
+						{ "set", &meta_usertype_container::set_call },
+						{ "size", &meta_usertype_container::length_call },
+						{ "empty", &meta_usertype_container::empty_call },
+						{ "clear", &meta_usertype_container::clear_call },
+						{ "insert", &meta_usertype_container::insert_call },
+						{ "add", &meta_usertype_container::add_call },
+						{ "find", &meta_usertype_container::find_call },
+						{ "index_of", &meta_usertype_container::index_of_call },
+						{ "erase", &meta_usertype_container::erase_call },
+						std::is_pointer<T>::value ? luaL_Reg{ nullptr, nullptr } : luaL_Reg{ "__gc", &detail::usertype_alloc_destroy<T> },
+						{ nullptr, nullptr }
+						// clang-format on 
+					} };
+
+					if (luaL_newmetatable(L, metakey) == 1) {
+						luaL_setfuncs(L, reg.data(), 0);
+					}
+					lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+				}
+			};
+		} // namespace stack_detail
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<as_container_t<T>> {
+			using C = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+
+			static int push_lvalue(std::true_type, lua_State* L, const C& cont) {
+				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C*, true> fx(L);
+				return stack::push<detail::as_pointer_tag<const C>>(L, detail::with_function_tag(), fx, detail::ptr(cont));
+			}
+
+			static int push_lvalue(std::false_type, lua_State* L, const C& cont) {
+				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C, true> fx(L);
+				return stack::push<detail::as_value_tag<C>>(L, detail::with_function_tag(), fx, cont);
+			}
+
+			static int push_rvalue(std::true_type, lua_State* L, C&& cont) {
+				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C, true> fx(L);
+				return stack::push<detail::as_value_tag<C>>(L, detail::with_function_tag(), fx, std::move(cont));
+			}
+
+			static int push_rvalue(std::false_type, lua_State* L, const C& cont) {
+				return push_lvalue(std::is_lvalue_reference<T>(), L, cont);
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const as_container_t<T>& as_cont) {
+				return push_lvalue(std::is_lvalue_reference<T>(), L, as_cont.value());
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, as_container_t<T>&& as_cont) {
+				return push_rvalue(meta::all<std::is_rvalue_reference<T>, meta::neg<std::is_lvalue_reference<T>>>(), L, std::forward<T>(as_cont.value()));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<as_container_t<T*>> {
+			using C = std::add_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>>;
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, T* cont) {
+				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C> fx(L);
+				return stack::push<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>>(L, detail::with_function_tag(), fx, cont);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<T, std::enable_if_t<is_container_v<T>>> {
+			using C = T;
+
+			template <typename... Args>
+			static int push(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C> fx(L);
+				return stack::push<detail::as_value_tag<T>>(L, detail::with_function_tag(), fx, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<T*, std::enable_if_t<is_container_v<T>>> {
+			using C = std::add_pointer_t<meta::unqualified_t<std::remove_pointer_t<T>>>;
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, T* cont) {
+				stack_detail::metatable_setup<C> fx(L);
+				return stack::push<detail::as_pointer_tag<T>>(L, detail::with_function_tag(), fx, cont);
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/usertype_container_launch.hpp
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace u_detail {
+		constexpr const lua_Integer toplevel_magic = static_cast<lua_Integer>(0xCCC2CCC1);
+
+		constexpr const int environment_index = 1;
+		constexpr const int usertype_storage_index = 2;
+		constexpr const int usertype_storage_base_index = 3;
+		constexpr const int exact_function_index = 4;
+		constexpr const int magic_index = 5;
+
+		constexpr const int simple_usertype_storage_index = 2;
+		constexpr const int index_function_index = 3;
+		constexpr const int new_index_function_index = 4;
+
+		constexpr const int base_walking_failed_index = -32467;
+		constexpr const int lookup_failed_index = -42469;
+
+		enum class submetatable_type {
+			// must be sequential
+			value,
+			reference,
+			unique,
+			const_reference,
+			const_value,
+			// must be LAST!
+			named
+		};
+
+		inline auto make_string_view(string_view s) {
+			return s;
+		}
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+		inline auto make_string_view(const char8_t* s) {
+			return string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s));
+		}
+#endif
+
+		inline auto make_string_view(call_construction) {
+			return string_view(to_string(meta_function::call_function));
+		}
+
+		inline auto make_string_view(meta_function mf) {
+			return string_view(to_string(mf));
+		}
+
+		inline auto make_string_view(base_classes_tag) {
+			return string_view(detail::base_class_cast_key());
+		}
+
+		template <typename Arg>
+		inline std::string make_string(Arg&& arg) {
+			string_view s = make_string_view(arg);
+			return std::string(s.data(), s.size());
+		}
+
+		inline int is_indexer(string_view s) {
+			if (s == to_string(meta_function::index)) {
+				return 1;
+			}
+			else if (s == to_string(meta_function::new_index)) {
+				return 2;
+			}
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		inline int is_indexer(meta_function mf) {
+			if (mf == meta_function::index) {
+				return 1;
+			}
+			else if (mf == meta_function::new_index) {
+				return 2;
+			}
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		inline int is_indexer(call_construction) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+	} // namespace u_detail
+
+	namespace detail {
+
+		template <typename T, typename IFx, typename Fx>
+		inline void insert_default_registrations(IFx&& ifx, Fx&& fx) {
+			(void)ifx;
+			(void)fx;
+			if constexpr (is_automagical<T>::value) {
+				if (fx(meta_function::less_than)) {
+					if constexpr (meta::supports_op_less<T>::value) {
+						lua_CFunction f = &comparsion_operator_wrap<T, std::less<>>;
+						ifx(meta_function::less_than, f);
+					}
+				}
+				if (fx(meta_function::less_than_or_equal_to)) {
+					if constexpr (meta::supports_op_less_equal<T>::value) {
+						lua_CFunction f = &comparsion_operator_wrap<T, std::less_equal<>>;
+						ifx(meta_function::less_than_or_equal_to, f);
+					}
+				}
+				if (fx(meta_function::equal_to)) {
+					if constexpr (meta::supports_op_equal<T>::value) {
+						lua_CFunction f = &comparsion_operator_wrap<T, std::equal_to<>>;
+						ifx(meta_function::equal_to, f);
+					}
+					else {
+						lua_CFunction f = &comparsion_operator_wrap<T, no_comp>;
+						ifx(meta_function::equal_to, f);
+					}
+				}
+				if (fx(meta_function::pairs)) {
+					ifx(meta_function::pairs, &container_detail::u_c_launch<as_container_t<T>>::pairs_call);
+				}
+				if (fx(meta_function::length)) {
+					if constexpr (meta::has_size<const T>::value || meta::has_size<T>::value) {
+						auto f = &default_size<T>;
+						ifx(meta_function::length, f);
+					}
+				}
+				if (fx(meta_function::to_string)) {
+					if constexpr (is_to_stringable_v<T>) {
+						if constexpr (!meta::is_probably_stateless_lambda_v<T> && !std::is_member_pointer_v<T>) {
+							auto f = &detail::static_trampoline<&default_to_string<T>>;
+							ifx(meta_function::to_string, f);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if (fx(meta_function::call_function)) {
+					if constexpr (is_callable_v<T>) {
+						if constexpr (meta::call_operator_deducible_v<T>) {
+							auto f = &c_call<decltype(&T::operator()), &T::operator()>;
+							ifx(meta_function::call_function, f);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	namespace stack { namespace stack_detail {
+		template <typename X>
+		void set_undefined_methods_on(stack_reference t) {
+			using T = std::remove_pointer_t<X>;
+
+			lua_State* L = t.lua_state();
+
+			t.push();
+
+			detail::lua_reg_table l {};
+			int index = 0;
+			detail::indexed_insert insert_fx(l, index);
+			detail::insert_default_registrations<T>(insert_fx, detail::property_always_true);
+			if constexpr (!std::is_pointer_v<X>) {
+				l[index] = luaL_Reg { to_string(meta_function::garbage_collect).c_str(), detail::make_destructor<T>() };
+			}
+			luaL_setfuncs(L, l, 0);
+
+			// __type table
+			lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);
+			const std::string& name = detail::demangle<T>();
+			lua_pushlstring(L, name.c_str(), name.size());
+			lua_setfield(L, -2, "name");
+			lua_CFunction is_func = &detail::is_check<T>;
+			lua_pushcclosure(L, is_func, 0);
+			lua_setfield(L, -2, "is");
+			lua_setfield(L, t.stack_index(), to_string(meta_function::type).c_str());
+
+			t.pop();
+		}
+	}} // namespace stack::stack_detail
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/usertype_core.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/usertype_storage.hpp
+
+#include <bitset>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace sol { namespace u_detail {
+
+	struct usertype_storage_base;
+	template <typename T>
+	struct usertype_storage;
+
+	optional<usertype_storage_base&> maybe_get_usertype_storage_base(lua_State* L_, int index);
+	usertype_storage_base& get_usertype_storage_base(lua_State* L_, const char* gcmetakey);
+	template <typename T>
+	optional<usertype_storage<T>&> maybe_get_usertype_storage(lua_State* L_);
+	template <typename T>
+	usertype_storage<T>& get_usertype_storage(lua_State* L_);
+
+	using index_call_function = int(lua_State*, void*);
+	using change_indexing_mem_func = void (usertype_storage_base::*)(
+		lua_State*, submetatable_type, void*, stateless_stack_reference&, lua_CFunction, lua_CFunction, lua_CFunction, lua_CFunction);
+
+	struct index_call_storage {
+		index_call_function* index;
+		index_call_function* new_index;
+		void* binding_data;
+	};
+
+	struct new_index_call_storage : index_call_storage {
+		void* new_binding_data;
+	};
+
+	struct binding_base {
+		virtual void* data() = 0;
+		virtual ~binding_base() {
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename K, typename Fq, typename T = void>
+	struct binding : binding_base {
+		using uF = meta::unqualified_t<Fq>;
+		using F = meta::conditional_t<meta::is_c_str_of_v<uF, char>
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_CHAR8_T)
+			     || meta::is_c_str_of_v<uF, char8_t>
+#endif
+			     || meta::is_c_str_of_v<uF, char16_t> || meta::is_c_str_of_v<uF, char32_t> || meta::is_c_str_of_v<uF, wchar_t>,
+			std::add_pointer_t<std::add_const_t<std::remove_all_extents_t<Fq>>>, std::decay_t<Fq>>;
+		F data_;
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		binding(Args&&... args) : data_(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		virtual void* data() override {
+			return static_cast<void*>(std::addressof(data_));
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
+		static inline int call_with_(lua_State* L_, void* target) {
+			constexpr int boost = !detail::is_non_factory_constructor<F>::value && std::is_same<K, call_construction>::value ? 1 : 0;
+			auto& f = *static_cast<F*>(target);
+			return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, is_index, is_variable, boost>(L_, f);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
+		static inline int call_(lua_State* L_) {
+			void* f = stack::get<void*>(L_, upvalue_index(usertype_storage_index));
+			return call_with_<is_index, is_variable>(L_, f);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
+		static inline int call(lua_State* L_) {
+			int r = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&call_<is_index, is_variable>), (&call_<is_index, is_variable>)>(L_);
+			if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<uF, yielding_t>) {
+				return lua_yield(L_, r);
+			}
+			else {
+				return r;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
+		static inline int index_call_with_(lua_State* L_, void* target) {
+			if constexpr (!is_variable) {
+				if constexpr (is_lua_c_function_v<std::decay_t<F>>) {
+					auto& f = *static_cast<std::decay_t<F>*>(target);
+					return stack::push(L_, f);
+				}
+				else {
+					// set up upvalues
+					// for a chained call
+					int upvalues = 0;
+					upvalues += stack::push(L_, nullptr);
+					upvalues += stack::push(L_, target);
+					auto cfunc = &call<is_index, is_variable>;
+					return stack::push(L_, c_closure(cfunc, upvalues));
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				constexpr int boost = !detail::is_non_factory_constructor<F>::value && std::is_same<K, call_construction>::value ? 1 : 0;
+				auto& f = *static_cast<F*>(target);
+				return call_detail::call_wrapped<T, is_index, is_variable, boost>(L_, f);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
+		static inline int index_call_(lua_State* L_) {
+			void* f = stack::get<void*>(L_, upvalue_index(usertype_storage_index));
+			return index_call_with_<is_index, is_variable>(L_, f);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_index = true, bool is_variable = false>
+		static inline int index_call(lua_State* L_) {
+			int r = detail::typed_static_trampoline<decltype(&index_call_<is_index, is_variable>), (&index_call_<is_index, is_variable>)>(L_);
+			if constexpr (meta::is_specialization_of_v<uF, yielding_t>) {
+				return lua_yield(L_, r);
+			}
+			else {
+				return r;
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	inline int index_fail(lua_State* L_) {
+		if (lua_getmetatable(L_, 1) == 1) {
+			int metatarget = lua_gettop(L_);
+			stack::get_field<false, true>(L_, stack_reference(L_, raw_index(2)), metatarget);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		// With runtime extensibility, we can't
+		// hard-error things. They have to
+		// return nil, like regular table types
+		return stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+	}
+
+	inline int index_target_fail(lua_State* L_, void*) {
+		return index_fail(L_);
+	}
+
+	inline int new_index_fail(lua_State* L_) {
+		return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot set (new_index) into this object: no defined new_index operation on usertype");
+	}
+
+	inline int new_index_target_fail(lua_State* L_, void*) {
+		return new_index_fail(L_);
+	}
+
+	struct string_for_each_metatable_func {
+		bool is_destruction = false;
+		bool is_index = false;
+		bool is_new_index = false;
+		bool is_static_index = false;
+		bool is_static_new_index = false;
+		bool poison_indexing = false;
+		bool is_unqualified_lua_CFunction = false;
+		bool is_unqualified_lua_reference = false;
+		std::string* p_key = nullptr;
+		reference* p_binding_ref = nullptr;
+		lua_CFunction call_func = nullptr;
+		index_call_storage* p_ics = nullptr;
+		usertype_storage_base* p_usb = nullptr;
+		void* p_derived_usb = nullptr;
+		lua_CFunction idx_call = nullptr, new_idx_call = nullptr, meta_idx_call = nullptr, meta_new_idx_call = nullptr;
+		change_indexing_mem_func change_indexing;
+
+		void operator()(lua_State* L_, submetatable_type smt_, stateless_reference& fast_index_table_) {
+			std::string& key = *p_key;
+			usertype_storage_base& usb = *p_usb;
+			index_call_storage& ics = *p_ics;
+
+			if (smt_ == submetatable_type::named) {
+				// do not override __call or
+				// other specific meta functions on named metatable:
+				// we need that for call construction
+				// and other amenities
+				return;
+			}
+			int fast_index_table_push = fast_index_table_.push(L_);
+			stateless_stack_reference t(L_, -fast_index_table_push);
+			if (poison_indexing) {
+				(usb.*change_indexing)(L_, smt_, p_derived_usb, t, idx_call, new_idx_call, meta_idx_call, meta_new_idx_call);
+			}
+			if (is_destruction
+				&& (smt_ == submetatable_type::reference || smt_ == submetatable_type::const_reference || smt_ == submetatable_type::named
+				     || smt_ == submetatable_type::unique)) {
+				// gc does not apply to us here
+				// for reference types (raw T*, std::ref)
+				// for the named metatable itself,
+				// or for unique_usertypes, which do their own custom destroyion
+				t.pop(L_);
+				return;
+			}
+			if (is_index || is_new_index || is_static_index || is_static_new_index) {
+				// do not serialize the new_index and index functions here directly
+				// we control those...
+				t.pop(L_);
+				return;
+			}
+			if (is_unqualified_lua_CFunction) {
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, key, call_func, t.stack_index());
+			}
+			else if (is_unqualified_lua_reference) {
+				reference& binding_ref = *p_binding_ref;
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, key, binding_ref, t.stack_index());
+			}
+			else {
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, key, make_closure(call_func, nullptr, ics.binding_data), t.stack_index());
+			}
+			t.pop(L_);
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct lua_reference_func {
+		reference key;
+		reference value;
+
+		void operator()(lua_State* L_, submetatable_type smt_, stateless_reference& fast_index_table_) {
+			if (smt_ == submetatable_type::named) {
+				return;
+			}
+			int fast_index_table_push = fast_index_table_.push(L_);
+			stateless_stack_reference t(L_, -fast_index_table_push);
+			stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, key, value, t.stack_index());
+			t.pop(L_);
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct update_bases_func {
+		detail::inheritance_check_function base_class_check_func;
+		detail::inheritance_cast_function base_class_cast_func;
+		lua_CFunction idx_call, new_idx_call, meta_idx_call, meta_new_idx_call;
+		usertype_storage_base* p_usb;
+		void* p_derived_usb;
+		change_indexing_mem_func change_indexing;
+
+		void operator()(lua_State* L_, submetatable_type smt_, stateless_reference& fast_index_table_) {
+			int fast_index_table_push = fast_index_table_.push(L_);
+			stateless_stack_reference t(L_, -fast_index_table_push);
+			stack::set_field(L_, detail::base_class_check_key(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(base_class_check_func), t.stack_index());
+			stack::set_field(L_, detail::base_class_cast_key(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(base_class_cast_func), t.stack_index());
+			// change indexing, forcefully
+			(p_usb->*change_indexing)(L_, smt_, p_derived_usb, t, idx_call, new_idx_call, meta_idx_call, meta_new_idx_call);
+			t.pop(L_);
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct binding_data_equals {
+		void* binding_data;
+
+		binding_data_equals(void* b) : binding_data(b) {
+		}
+
+		bool operator()(const std::unique_ptr<binding_base>& ptr) const {
+			return binding_data == ptr->data();
+		}
+	};
+
+	struct usertype_storage_base {
+	public:
+		lua_State* m_L;
+		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<binding_base>> storage;
+		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<char[]>> string_keys_storage;
+		std::unordered_map<string_view, index_call_storage> string_keys;
+		std::unordered_map<stateless_reference, stateless_reference, stateless_reference_hash, stateless_reference_equals> auxiliary_keys;
+		stateless_reference value_index_table;
+		stateless_reference reference_index_table;
+		stateless_reference unique_index_table;
+		stateless_reference const_reference_index_table;
+		stateless_reference const_value_index_table;
+		stateless_reference named_index_table;
+		stateless_reference type_table;
+		stateless_reference gc_names_table;
+		stateless_reference named_metatable;
+		new_index_call_storage base_index;
+		new_index_call_storage static_base_index;
+		bool is_using_index;
+		bool is_using_new_index;
+		std::bitset<64> properties;
+
+		usertype_storage_base(lua_State* L_)
+		: m_L(L_)
+		, storage()
+		, string_keys_storage()
+		, string_keys()
+		, auxiliary_keys(0, stateless_reference_hash(L_), stateless_reference_equals(L_))
+		, value_index_table()
+		, reference_index_table()
+		, unique_index_table()
+		, const_reference_index_table()
+		, const_value_index_table()
+		, named_index_table()
+		, type_table(make_reference<stateless_reference>(L_, create))
+		, gc_names_table(make_reference<stateless_reference>(L_, create))
+		, named_metatable(make_reference<stateless_reference>(L_, create))
+		, base_index()
+		, static_base_index()
+		, is_using_index(false)
+		, is_using_new_index(false)
+		, properties() {
+			base_index.binding_data = nullptr;
+			base_index.index = index_target_fail;
+			base_index.new_index = new_index_target_fail;
+			base_index.new_binding_data = nullptr;
+			static_base_index.binding_data = nullptr;
+			static_base_index.index = index_target_fail;
+			static_base_index.new_binding_data = this;
+			static_base_index.new_index = new_index_target_set;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		void for_each_table(lua_State* L_, Fx&& fx) {
+			for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+				submetatable_type smt = static_cast<submetatable_type>(i);
+				stateless_reference* p_fast_index_table = nullptr;
+				switch (smt) {
+				case submetatable_type::const_value:
+					p_fast_index_table = &this->const_value_index_table;
+					break;
+				case submetatable_type::reference:
+					p_fast_index_table = &this->reference_index_table;
+					break;
+				case submetatable_type::unique:
+					p_fast_index_table = &this->unique_index_table;
+					break;
+				case submetatable_type::const_reference:
+					p_fast_index_table = &this->const_reference_index_table;
+					break;
+				case submetatable_type::named:
+					p_fast_index_table = &this->named_index_table;
+					break;
+				case submetatable_type::value:
+				default:
+					p_fast_index_table = &this->value_index_table;
+					break;
+				}
+				fx(L_, smt, *p_fast_index_table);
+			}
+		}
+
+		void add_entry(string_view sv, index_call_storage ics) {
+			string_keys_storage.emplace_back(new char[sv.size()]);
+			std::unique_ptr<char[]>& sv_storage = string_keys_storage.back();
+			std::memcpy(sv_storage.get(), sv.data(), sv.size());
+			string_view stored_sv(sv_storage.get(), sv.size());
+			string_keys.insert_or_assign(std::move(stored_sv), std::move(ics));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Bases>
+		void update_bases(lua_State* L_, bases<Bases...>) {
+			static_assert(sizeof(void*) <= sizeof(detail::inheritance_check_function),
+				"The size of this data pointer is too small to fit the inheritance checking function: Please file "
+				"a bug report.");
+			static_assert(sizeof(void*) <= sizeof(detail::inheritance_cast_function),
+				"The size of this data pointer is too small to fit the inheritance checking function: Please file "
+				"a bug report.");
+			static_assert(!meta::any_same<T, Bases...>::value, "base classes cannot list the original class as part of the bases");
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(Bases) > 0) {
+				(void)detail::swallow { 0, ((weak_derive<Bases>::value = true), 0)... };
+
+				void* derived_this = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<usertype_storage<T>*>(this));
+
+				update_bases_func for_each_fx;
+				for_each_fx.base_class_check_func = &detail::inheritance<T>::template type_check_with<Bases...>;
+				for_each_fx.base_class_cast_func = &detail::inheritance<T>::template type_cast_with<Bases...>;
+				for_each_fx.idx_call = &usertype_storage<T>::template index_call_with_bases<false, Bases...>;
+				for_each_fx.new_idx_call = &usertype_storage<T>::template index_call_with_bases<true, Bases...>;
+				for_each_fx.meta_idx_call = &usertype_storage<T>::template meta_index_call_with_bases<false, Bases...>;
+				for_each_fx.meta_new_idx_call = &usertype_storage<T>::template meta_index_call_with_bases<true, Bases...>;
+				for_each_fx.p_usb = this;
+				for_each_fx.p_derived_usb = derived_this;
+				for_each_fx.change_indexing = &usertype_storage_base::change_indexing;
+				for_each_fx.p_derived_usb = derived_this;
+				this->for_each_table(L_, for_each_fx);
+			}
+			else {
+				(void)L_;
+			}
+		}
+
+		void clear() {
+			if (value_index_table.valid(m_L)) {
+				stack::clear(m_L, value_index_table);
+			}
+			if (reference_index_table.valid(m_L)) {
+				stack::clear(m_L, reference_index_table);
+			}
+			if (unique_index_table.valid(m_L)) {
+				stack::clear(m_L, unique_index_table);
+			}
+			if (const_reference_index_table.valid(m_L)) {
+				stack::clear(m_L, const_reference_index_table);
+			}
+			if (const_value_index_table.valid(m_L)) {
+				stack::clear(m_L, const_value_index_table);
+			}
+			if (named_index_table.valid(m_L)) {
+				stack::clear(m_L, named_index_table);
+			}
+			if (type_table.valid(m_L)) {
+				stack::clear(m_L, type_table);
+			}
+			if (gc_names_table.valid(m_L)) {
+				stack::clear(m_L, gc_names_table);
+			}
+			if (named_metatable.valid(m_L)) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(m_L, named_metatable);
+				int named_metatable_index = pp.index_of(named_metatable);
+				if (lua_getmetatable(m_L, named_metatable_index) == 1) {
+					stack::clear(m_L, absolute_index(m_L, -1));
+				}
+				stack::clear(m_L, named_metatable);
+			}
+
+			value_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			reference_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			unique_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			const_reference_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			const_value_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			named_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			type_table.reset(m_L);
+			gc_names_table.reset(m_L);
+			named_metatable.reset(m_L);
+
+			storage.clear();
+			string_keys.clear();
+			auxiliary_keys.clear();
+			string_keys_storage.clear();
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_new_index, typename Base>
+		static void base_walk_index(lua_State* L_, usertype_storage_base& self, bool& keep_going, int& base_result) {
+			using bases = typename base<Base>::type;
+			if (!keep_going) {
+				return;
+			}
+			(void)L_;
+			(void)self;
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_UNSAFE_BASE_LOOKUP)
+			usertype_storage_base& base_storage = get_usertype_storage<Base>(L_);
+			base_result = self_index_call<is_new_index, true>(bases(), L_, base_storage);
+#else
+			optional<usertype_storage<Base>&> maybe_base_storage = maybe_get_usertype_storage<Base>(L_);
+			if (static_cast<bool>(maybe_base_storage)) {
+				base_result = self_index_call<is_new_index, true>(bases(), L_, *maybe_base_storage);
+				keep_going = base_result == base_walking_failed_index;
+			}
+#endif // Fast versus slow, safe base lookup
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_new_index = false, bool base_walking = false, bool from_named_metatable = false, typename... Bases>
+		static inline int self_index_call(types<Bases...>, lua_State* L, usertype_storage_base& self) {
+			if constexpr (!from_named_metatable || !is_new_index) {
+				type k_type = stack::get<type>(L, 2);
+				if (k_type == type::string) {
+					index_call_storage* target = nullptr;
+					string_view k = stack::get<string_view>(L, 2);
+					{
+						auto it = self.string_keys.find(k);
+						if (it != self.string_keys.cend()) {
+							target = &it->second;
+						}
+					}
+					if (target != nullptr) {
+						// let the target decide what to do, unless it's named...
+						if constexpr (is_new_index) {
+							return (target->new_index)(L, target->binding_data);
+						}
+						else {
+							return (target->index)(L, target->binding_data);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				else if (k_type != type::lua_nil && k_type != type::none) {
+					stateless_reference* target = nullptr;
+					{
+						stack_reference k = stack::get<stack_reference>(L, 2);
+						auto it = self.auxiliary_keys.find(k);
+						if (it != self.auxiliary_keys.cend()) {
+							target = &it->second;
+						}
+					}
+					if (target != nullptr) {
+						if constexpr (is_new_index) {
+							// set value and return
+							target->reset(L, 3);
+							return 0;
+						}
+						else {
+							// push target to return
+							// what we found
+							return stack::push(L, *target);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// retrieve bases and walk through them.
+			bool keep_going = true;
+			int base_result;
+			(void)keep_going;
+			(void)base_result;
+			(void)detail::swallow { 1, (base_walk_index<is_new_index, Bases>(L, self, keep_going, base_result), 1)... };
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(Bases) > 0) {
+				if (!keep_going) {
+					return base_result;
+				}
+			}
+			if constexpr (base_walking) {
+				// if we're JUST base-walking then don't index-fail, just
+				// return the false bits
+				return base_walking_failed_index;
+			}
+			else if constexpr (from_named_metatable) {
+				if constexpr (is_new_index) {
+					return self.static_base_index.new_index(L, self.static_base_index.new_binding_data);
+				}
+				else {
+					return self.static_base_index.index(L, self.static_base_index.binding_data);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				if constexpr (is_new_index) {
+					return self.base_index.new_index(L, self.base_index.new_binding_data);
+				}
+				else {
+					return self.base_index.index(L, self.base_index.binding_data);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		void change_indexing(lua_State* L_, submetatable_type submetatable_, void* derived_this_, stateless_stack_reference& t_, lua_CFunction index_,
+			lua_CFunction new_index_, lua_CFunction meta_index_, lua_CFunction meta_new_index_) {
+			usertype_storage_base& this_base = *this;
+			void* base_this = static_cast<void*>(&this_base);
+
+			this->is_using_index |= true;
+			this->is_using_new_index |= true;
+			if (submetatable_ == submetatable_type::named) {
+				stack::set_field(L_, metatable_key, named_index_table, t_.stack_index());
+				stateless_stack_reference stack_metametatable(L_, -named_metatable.push(L_));
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_,
+					meta_function::index,
+					make_closure(meta_index_, nullptr, derived_this_, base_this, nullptr, toplevel_magic),
+					stack_metametatable.stack_index());
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_,
+					meta_function::new_index,
+					make_closure(meta_new_index_, nullptr, derived_this_, base_this, nullptr, toplevel_magic),
+					stack_metametatable.stack_index());
+				stack_metametatable.pop(L_);
+			}
+			else {
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(
+					L_, meta_function::index, make_closure(index_, nullptr, derived_this_, base_this, nullptr, toplevel_magic), t_.stack_index());
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(
+					L_, meta_function::new_index, make_closure(new_index_, nullptr, derived_this_, base_this, nullptr, toplevel_magic), t_.stack_index());
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T = void, typename Key, typename Value>
+		void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value);
+
+		static int new_index_target_set(lua_State* L, void* target) {
+			usertype_storage_base& self = *static_cast<usertype_storage_base*>(target);
+			self.set(L, reference(L, raw_index(2)), reference(L, raw_index(3)));
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		~usertype_storage_base() {
+			value_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			reference_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			unique_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			const_reference_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			const_value_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			named_index_table.reset(m_L);
+			type_table.reset(m_L);
+			gc_names_table.reset(m_L);
+			named_metatable.reset(m_L);
+
+			auto auxiliary_first = auxiliary_keys.cbegin();
+			auto auxiliary_last = auxiliary_keys.cend();
+			while (auxiliary_first != auxiliary_last) {
+				// save a copy to what we're going to destroy
+				auto auxiliary_target = auxiliary_first;
+				// move the iterator up by 1
+				++auxiliary_first;
+				// extract the node and destroy the key
+				auto extracted_node = auxiliary_keys.extract(auxiliary_target);
+				extracted_node.key().reset(m_L);
+				extracted_node.mapped().reset(m_L);
+				// continue if auxiliary_first hasn't been exhausted
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T>
+	struct usertype_storage : usertype_storage_base {
+
+		using usertype_storage_base::usertype_storage_base;
+
+		template <bool is_new_index, bool from_named_metatable>
+		static inline int index_call_(lua_State* L) {
+			using bases = typename base<T>::type;
+			usertype_storage_base& self = stack::get<light<usertype_storage_base>>(L, upvalue_index(usertype_storage_index));
+			return self_index_call<is_new_index, false, from_named_metatable>(bases(), L, self);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_new_index, bool from_named_metatable, typename... Bases>
+		static inline int index_call_with_bases_(lua_State* L) {
+			using bases = types<Bases...>;
+			usertype_storage_base& self = stack::get<light<usertype_storage_base>>(L, upvalue_index(usertype_storage_index));
+			return self_index_call<is_new_index, false, from_named_metatable>(bases(), L, self);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_new_index>
+		static inline int index_call(lua_State* L) {
+			return detail::static_trampoline<&index_call_<is_new_index, false>>(L);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_new_index, typename... Bases>
+		static inline int index_call_with_bases(lua_State* L) {
+			return detail::static_trampoline<&index_call_with_bases_<is_new_index, false, Bases...>>(L);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_new_index>
+		static inline int meta_index_call(lua_State* L) {
+			return detail::static_trampoline<&index_call_<is_new_index, true>>(L);
+		}
+
+		template <bool is_new_index, typename... Bases>
+		static inline int meta_index_call_with_bases(lua_State* L) {
+			return detail::static_trampoline<&index_call_with_bases_<is_new_index, true, Bases...>>(L);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename Value>
+		inline void set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value);
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename Key, typename Value>
+	void usertype_storage_base::set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value) {
+		using ValueU = meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Value>;
+		using KeyU = meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<Key>;
+		using Binding = binding<KeyU, ValueU, T>;
+		using is_var_bind = is_variable_binding<ValueU>;
+		if constexpr (std::is_same_v<KeyU, call_construction>) {
+			(void)key;
+			std::unique_ptr<Binding> p_binding = std::make_unique<Binding>(std::forward<Value>(value));
+			Binding& b = *p_binding;
+			this->storage.push_back(std::move(p_binding));
+
+			this->named_index_table.push(L);
+			absolute_index metametatable_index(L, -1);
+			std::string_view call_metamethod_name = to_string(meta_function::call);
+			lua_pushlstring(L, call_metamethod_name.data(), call_metamethod_name.size());
+			stack::push(L, nullptr);
+			stack::push(L, b.data());
+			lua_CFunction target_func = &b.template call<false, false>;
+			lua_pushcclosure(L, target_func, 2);
+			lua_rawset(L, metametatable_index);
+			this->named_index_table.pop(L);
+		}
+		else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<KeyU, base_classes_tag>) {
+			(void)key;
+			this->update_bases<T>(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+		}
+		else if constexpr ((meta::is_string_like_or_constructible<KeyU>::value || std::is_same_v<KeyU, meta_function>)) {
+			std::string s = u_detail::make_string(std::forward<Key>(key));
+			auto storage_it = this->storage.end();
+			auto string_it = this->string_keys.find(s);
+			if (string_it != this->string_keys.cend()) {
+				const auto& binding_data = string_it->second.binding_data;
+				storage_it = std::find_if(this->storage.begin(), this->storage.end(), binding_data_equals(binding_data));
+				this->string_keys.erase(string_it);
+			}
+
+			std::unique_ptr<Binding> p_binding = std::make_unique<Binding>(std::forward<Value>(value));
+			Binding& b = *p_binding;
+			if (storage_it != this->storage.cend()) {
+				*storage_it = std::move(p_binding);
+			}
+			else {
+				this->storage.push_back(std::move(p_binding));
+			}
+
+			bool is_index = (s == to_string(meta_function::index));
+			bool is_new_index = (s == to_string(meta_function::new_index));
+			bool is_static_index = (s == to_string(meta_function::static_index));
+			bool is_static_new_index = (s == to_string(meta_function::static_new_index));
+			bool is_destruction = s == to_string(meta_function::garbage_collect);
+			bool poison_indexing = (!is_using_index || !is_using_new_index) && (is_var_bind::value || is_index || is_new_index);
+			void* derived_this = static_cast<void*>(static_cast<usertype_storage<T>*>(this));
+			index_call_storage ics;
+			ics.binding_data = b.data();
+			ics.index = is_index || is_static_index ? &Binding::template call_with_<true, is_var_bind::value>
+				                                   : &Binding::template index_call_with_<true, is_var_bind::value>;
+			ics.new_index = is_new_index || is_static_new_index ? &Binding::template call_with_<false, is_var_bind::value>
+				                                               : &Binding::template index_call_with_<false, is_var_bind::value>;
+
+			string_for_each_metatable_func for_each_fx;
+			for_each_fx.is_destruction = is_destruction;
+			for_each_fx.is_index = is_index;
+			for_each_fx.is_new_index = is_new_index;
+			for_each_fx.is_static_index = is_static_index;
+			for_each_fx.is_static_new_index = is_static_new_index;
+			for_each_fx.poison_indexing = poison_indexing;
+			for_each_fx.p_key = &s;
+			for_each_fx.p_ics = &ics;
+			if constexpr (is_lua_c_function_v<ValueU>) {
+				for_each_fx.is_unqualified_lua_CFunction = true;
+				for_each_fx.call_func = *static_cast<lua_CFunction*>(ics.binding_data);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (is_lua_reference_or_proxy_v<ValueU>) {
+				for_each_fx.is_unqualified_lua_reference = true;
+				for_each_fx.p_binding_ref = static_cast<reference*>(ics.binding_data);
+			}
+			else {
+				for_each_fx.call_func = &b.template call<false, is_var_bind::value>;
+			}
+			for_each_fx.p_usb = this;
+			for_each_fx.p_derived_usb = derived_this;
+			for_each_fx.idx_call = &usertype_storage<T>::template index_call<false>;
+			for_each_fx.new_idx_call = &usertype_storage<T>::template index_call<true>;
+			for_each_fx.meta_idx_call = &usertype_storage<T>::template meta_index_call<false>;
+			for_each_fx.meta_new_idx_call = &usertype_storage<T>::template meta_index_call<true>;
+			for_each_fx.change_indexing = &usertype_storage_base::change_indexing;
+			// set base index and base new_index
+			// functions here
+			if (is_index) {
+				this->base_index.index = ics.index;
+				this->base_index.binding_data = ics.binding_data;
+			}
+			if (is_new_index) {
+				this->base_index.new_index = ics.new_index;
+				this->base_index.new_binding_data = ics.binding_data;
+			}
+			if (is_static_index) {
+				this->static_base_index.index = ics.index;
+				this->static_base_index.binding_data = ics.binding_data;
+			}
+			if (is_static_new_index) {
+				this->static_base_index.new_index = ics.new_index;
+				this->static_base_index.new_binding_data = ics.binding_data;
+			}
+			this->for_each_table(L, for_each_fx);
+			this->add_entry(s, std::move(ics));
+		}
+		else {
+			// the reference-based implementation might compare poorly and hash
+			// poorly in some cases...
+			if constexpr (is_lua_reference_v<KeyU> && is_lua_reference_v<ValueU>) {
+				if (key.get_type() == type::string) {
+					stack::push(L, key);
+					std::string string_key = stack::pop<std::string>(L);
+					this->set<T>(L, string_key, std::forward<Value>(value));
+				}
+				else {
+					lua_reference_func ref_additions_fx { key, value };
+
+					this->for_each_table(L, ref_additions_fx);
+					this->auxiliary_keys.insert_or_assign(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				reference ref_key = make_reference(L, std::forward<Key>(key));
+				reference ref_value = make_reference(L, std::forward<Value>(value));
+				lua_reference_func ref_additions_fx { ref_key, ref_value };
+
+				this->for_each_table(L, ref_additions_fx);
+				this->auxiliary_keys.insert_or_assign(std::move(ref_key), std::move(ref_value));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	template <typename Key, typename Value>
+	void usertype_storage<T>::set(lua_State* L, Key&& key, Value&& value) {
+		static_cast<usertype_storage_base&>(*this).set<T>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline void clear_usertype_registry_names(lua_State* L) {
+		using u_traits = usertype_traits<T>;
+		using u_const_traits = usertype_traits<const T>;
+		using u_unique_traits = usertype_traits<d::u<T>>;
+		using u_ref_traits = usertype_traits<T*>;
+		using u_const_ref_traits = usertype_traits<T const*>;
+
+		stack_reference registry(L, raw_index(LUA_REGISTRYINDEX));
+		registry.push();
+		// eliminate all named entries for this usertype
+		// in the registry (luaL_newmetatable does
+		// [name] = new table
+		// in registry upon creation
+		stack::set_field(L, &u_traits::metatable()[0], lua_nil, registry.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L, &u_const_traits::metatable()[0], lua_nil, registry.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L, &u_const_ref_traits::metatable()[0], lua_nil, registry.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L, &u_ref_traits::metatable()[0], lua_nil, registry.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L, &u_unique_traits::metatable()[0], lua_nil, registry.stack_index());
+		registry.pop();
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline int destroy_usertype_storage(lua_State* L) noexcept {
+		clear_usertype_registry_names<T>(L);
+		return detail::user_alloc_destroy<usertype_storage<T>>(L);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline usertype_storage<T>& create_usertype_storage(lua_State* L) {
+		const char* gcmetakey = &usertype_traits<T>::gc_table()[0];
+
+		// Make sure userdata's memory is properly in lua first,
+		// otherwise all the light userdata we make later will become invalid
+		int usertype_storage_push_count = stack::push<user<usertype_storage<T>>>(L, no_metatable, L);
+		stack_reference usertype_storage_ref(L, -usertype_storage_push_count);
+
+		// create and push onto the stack a table to use as metatable for this GC
+		// we create a metatable to attach to the regular gc_table
+		// so that the destructor is called for the usertype storage
+		int usertype_storage_metatabe_count = stack::push(L, new_table(0, 1));
+		stack_reference usertype_storage_metatable(L, -usertype_storage_metatabe_count);
+		// set the destroyion routine on the metatable
+		stack::set_field(L, meta_function::garbage_collect, &destroy_usertype_storage<T>, usertype_storage_metatable.stack_index());
+		// set the metatable on the usertype storage userdata
+		stack::set_field(L, metatable_key, usertype_storage_metatable, usertype_storage_ref.stack_index());
+		usertype_storage_metatable.pop();
+
+		// set the usertype storage and its metatable
+		// into the global table...
+		stack::set_field<true>(L, gcmetakey, usertype_storage_ref);
+		usertype_storage_ref.pop();
+
+		// then retrieve the lua-stored version so we have a well-pinned
+		// reference that does not die
+		stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
+		usertype_storage<T>& target_umt = stack::pop<user<usertype_storage<T>>>(L);
+		return target_umt;
+	}
+
+	inline optional<usertype_storage_base&> maybe_as_usertype_storage_base(lua_State* L, int index) {
+		if (type_of(L, index) != type::lightuserdata) {
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+		usertype_storage_base& base_storage = *static_cast<usertype_storage_base*>(stack::get<void*>(L, index));
+		return base_storage;
+	}
+
+	inline optional<usertype_storage_base&> maybe_get_usertype_storage_base_inside(lua_State* L, int index) {
+		// okay, maybe we're looking at a table that is nested?
+		if (type_of(L, index) != type::table) {
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+		stack::get_field(L, meta_function::storage, index);
+		auto maybe_storage_base = maybe_as_usertype_storage_base(L, -1);
+		lua_pop(L, 1);
+		return maybe_storage_base;
+	}
+
+	inline optional<usertype_storage_base&> maybe_get_usertype_storage_base(lua_State* L, int index) {
+		// If we can get the index directly as this type, go for it
+		auto maybe_already_is_usertype_storage_base = maybe_as_usertype_storage_base(L, index);
+		if (maybe_already_is_usertype_storage_base) {
+			return maybe_already_is_usertype_storage_base;
+		}
+		return maybe_get_usertype_storage_base_inside(L, index);
+	}
+
+	inline optional<usertype_storage_base&> maybe_get_usertype_storage_base(lua_State* L, const char* gcmetakey) {
+		stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
+		auto maybe_storage = maybe_as_usertype_storage_base(L, lua_gettop(L));
+		lua_pop(L, 1);
+		return maybe_storage;
+	}
+
+	inline usertype_storage_base& get_usertype_storage_base(lua_State* L, const char* gcmetakey) {
+		stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
+		stack::record tracking;
+		usertype_storage_base& target_umt = stack::stack_detail::unchecked_unqualified_get<user<usertype_storage_base>>(L, -1, tracking);
+		lua_pop(L, 1);
+		return target_umt;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline optional<usertype_storage<T>&> maybe_get_usertype_storage(lua_State* L) {
+		const char* gcmetakey = &usertype_traits<T>::gc_table()[0];
+		stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
+		int target = lua_gettop(L);
+		if (!stack::check<user<usertype_storage<T>>>(L, target)) {
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+		usertype_storage<T>& target_umt = stack::pop<user<usertype_storage<T>>>(L);
+		return target_umt;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline usertype_storage<T>& get_usertype_storage(lua_State* L) {
+		const char* gcmetakey = &usertype_traits<T>::gc_table()[0];
+		stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
+		usertype_storage<T>& target_umt = stack::pop<user<usertype_storage<T>>>(L);
+		return target_umt;
+	}
+
+	template <typename T>
+	inline void clear_usertype_storage(lua_State* L) {
+		using u_traits = usertype_traits<T>;
+
+		const char* gcmetakey = &u_traits::gc_table()[0];
+		stack::get_field<true>(L, gcmetakey);
+		if (!stack::check<user<usertype_storage<T>>>(L)) {
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+			return;
+		}
+		usertype_storage<T>& target_umt = stack::pop<user<usertype_storage<T>>>(L);
+		target_umt.clear();
+
+		clear_usertype_registry_names<T>(L);
+
+		stack::set_field<true>(L, gcmetakey, lua_nil);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T, automagic_flags enrollment_flags>
+	inline int register_usertype(lua_State* L_, automagic_enrollments enrollments_ = {}) {
+		using u_traits = usertype_traits<T>;
+		using u_const_traits = usertype_traits<const T>;
+		using u_unique_traits = usertype_traits<d::u<T>>;
+		using u_ref_traits = usertype_traits<T*>;
+		using u_const_ref_traits = usertype_traits<T const*>;
+		using uts = usertype_storage<T>;
+
+		// always have __new_index point to usertype_storage method
+		// have __index always point to regular fast-lookup
+		// meta_method table
+		// if __new_index is invoked, runtime-swap
+		// to slow __index if necessary
+		// (no speed penalty because function calls
+		// are all read-only -- only depend on __index
+		// to retrieve function and then call happens VIA Lua)
+
+		// __type entry:
+		// table contains key -> value lookup,
+		// where key is entry in metatable
+		// and value is type information as a string as
+		// best as we can give it
+
+		// name entry:
+		// string that contains raw class name,
+		// as defined from C++
+
+		// is entry:
+		// checks if argument supplied is of type T
+
+		// __storage entry:
+		// a light userdata pointing to the storage
+		// mostly to enable this new abstraction
+		// to not require the type name `T`
+		// to get at the C++ usertype storage within
+
+		// we then let typical definitions potentially override these intrinsics
+		// it's the user's fault if they override things or screw them up:
+		// these names have been reserved and documented since sol2
+
+		// STEP 0: tell the old usertype (if it exists)
+		// to fuck off
+		clear_usertype_storage<T>(L_);
+
+		// STEP 1: Create backing store for usertype storage
+		// Pretty much the most important step.
+		// STEP 2: Create Lua tables used for fast method indexing.
+		// This is done inside of the storage table's constructor
+		usertype_storage<T>& storage = create_usertype_storage<T>(L_);
+		usertype_storage_base& base_storage = storage;
+		void* light_storage = static_cast<void*>(&storage);
+		void* light_base_storage = static_cast<void*>(&base_storage);
+
+		// STEP 3: set up GC escape hatch table entirely
+		storage.gc_names_table.push(L_);
+		stateless_stack_reference gnt(L_, -1);
+		stack::set_field(L_, submetatable_type::named, &u_traits::gc_table()[0], gnt.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L_, submetatable_type::const_value, &u_const_traits::metatable()[0], gnt.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L_, submetatable_type::const_reference, &u_const_ref_traits::metatable()[0], gnt.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L_, submetatable_type::reference, &u_ref_traits::metatable()[0], gnt.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L_, submetatable_type::unique, &u_unique_traits::metatable()[0], gnt.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L_, submetatable_type::value, &u_traits::metatable()[0], gnt.stack_index());
+		gnt.pop(L_);
+
+		// STEP 4: add some useful information to the type table
+		stateless_stack_reference stacked_type_table(L_, -storage.type_table.push(L_));
+		stack::set_field(L_, "name", detail::demangle<T>(), stacked_type_table.stack_index());
+		stack::set_field(L_, "is", &detail::is_check<T>, stacked_type_table.stack_index());
+		stacked_type_table.pop(L_);
+
+		// STEP 5: create and hook up metatable,
+		// add intrinsics
+		// this one is the actual meta-handling table,
+		// the next one will be the one for
+		int for_each_backing_metatable_calls = 0;
+		auto for_each_backing_metatable = [&](lua_State* L_, submetatable_type smt_, stateless_reference& fast_index_table_) {
+			// Pointer types, AKA "references" from C++
+			const char* metakey = nullptr;
+			switch (smt_) {
+			case submetatable_type::const_value:
+				metakey = &u_const_traits::metatable()[0];
+				break;
+			case submetatable_type::reference:
+				metakey = &u_ref_traits::metatable()[0];
+				break;
+			case submetatable_type::unique:
+				metakey = &u_unique_traits::metatable()[0];
+				break;
+			case submetatable_type::const_reference:
+				metakey = &u_const_ref_traits::metatable()[0];
+				break;
+			case submetatable_type::named:
+				metakey = &u_traits::user_metatable()[0];
+				break;
+			case submetatable_type::value:
+			default:
+				metakey = &u_traits::metatable()[0];
+				break;
+			}
+
+			luaL_newmetatable(L_, metakey);
+			if (smt_ == submetatable_type::named) {
+				// the named table itself
+				// gets the associated name value
+				storage.named_metatable.reset(L_, -1);
+				lua_pop(L_, 1);
+				// but the thing we perform the methods on
+				// is still the metatable of the named
+				// table
+				lua_createtable(L_, 0, 6);
+			}
+			stateless_stack_reference t(L_, -1);
+			fast_index_table_.reset(L_, t.stack_index());
+			stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, meta_function::type, storage.type_table, t.stack_index());
+			// destructible? serialize default destructor here
+			// otherwise, not destructible: serialize a "hey you messed up"
+			switch (smt_) {
+			case submetatable_type::const_reference:
+			case submetatable_type::reference:
+			case submetatable_type::named:
+				break;
+			case submetatable_type::unique:
+				if constexpr (std::is_destructible_v<T>) {
+					stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, meta_function::garbage_collect, &detail::unique_destroy<T>, t.stack_index());
+				}
+				else {
+					stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, meta_function::garbage_collect, &detail::cannot_destroy<T>, t.stack_index());
+				}
+				break;
+			case submetatable_type::value:
+			case submetatable_type::const_value:
+			default:
+				if constexpr (std::is_destructible_v<T>) {
+					stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, meta_function::garbage_collect, detail::make_destructor<T>(), t.stack_index());
+				}
+				else {
+					stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, meta_function::garbage_collect, &detail::cannot_destroy<T>, t.stack_index());
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+
+			static_assert(sizeof(void*) <= sizeof(detail::inheritance_check_function),
+				"The size of this data pointer is too small to fit the inheritance checking function: file a bug "
+				"report.");
+			static_assert(sizeof(void*) <= sizeof(detail::inheritance_cast_function),
+				"The size of this data pointer is too small to fit the inheritance checking function: file a bug "
+				"report.");
+			stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, detail::base_class_check_key(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(&detail::inheritance<T>::type_check), t.stack_index());
+			stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, detail::base_class_cast_key(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(&detail::inheritance<T>::type_cast), t.stack_index());
+
+			auto prop_fx = detail::properties_enrollment_allowed(for_each_backing_metatable_calls, storage.properties, enrollments_);
+			auto insert_fx = [&L_, &t, &storage](meta_function mf, lua_CFunction reg) {
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, mf, reg, t.stack_index());
+				storage.properties[static_cast<std::size_t>(mf)] = true;
+			};
+			detail::insert_default_registrations<T>(insert_fx, prop_fx);
+
+			// There are no variables, so serialize the fast function stuff
+			// be sure to reset the index stuff to the non-fast version
+			// if the user ever adds something later!
+			if (smt_ == submetatable_type::named) {
+				// add escape hatch storage pointer and gc names
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, meta_function::storage, light_base_storage, t.stack_index());
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, meta_function::gc_names, storage.gc_names_table, t.stack_index());
+
+				// fancy new_indexing when using the named table
+				{
+					absolute_index named_metatable_index(L_, -storage.named_metatable.push(L_));
+					stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, metatable_key, t, named_metatable_index);
+					storage.named_metatable.pop(L_);
+				}
+				stack_reference stack_metametatable(L_, -storage.named_index_table.push(L_));
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_,
+					meta_function::index,
+					make_closure(uts::template meta_index_call<false>, nullptr, light_storage, light_base_storage, nullptr, toplevel_magic),
+					stack_metametatable.stack_index());
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_,
+					meta_function::new_index,
+					make_closure(uts::template meta_index_call<true>, nullptr, light_storage, light_base_storage, nullptr, toplevel_magic),
+					stack_metametatable.stack_index());
+				stack_metametatable.pop();
+			}
+			else {
+				// otherwise just plain for index,
+				// and elaborated for new_index
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_, meta_function::index, t, t.stack_index());
+				stack::set_field<false, true>(L_,
+					meta_function::new_index,
+					make_closure(uts::template index_call<true>, nullptr, light_storage, light_base_storage, nullptr, toplevel_magic),
+					t.stack_index());
+				storage.is_using_new_index = true;
+			}
+
+			++for_each_backing_metatable_calls;
+			fast_index_table_.reset(L_, t.stack_index());
+			t.pop(L_);
+		};
+
+		storage.for_each_table(L_, for_each_backing_metatable);
+
+		// can only use set AFTER we initialize all the metatables
+		if constexpr (std::is_default_constructible_v<T> && has_flag(enrollment_flags, automagic_flags::default_constructor)) {
+			if (enrollments_.default_constructor) {
+				storage.set(L_, meta_function::construct, constructors<T()>());
+			}
+		}
+
+		// return the named metatable we want names linked into
+		storage.named_metatable.push(L_);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}} // namespace sol::u_detail
+
+// end of sol/usertype_storage.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/usertype_proxy.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename Table, typename Key>
+	struct usertype_proxy : public proxy_base<usertype_proxy<Table, Key>> {
+	private:
+		using key_type = detail::proxy_key_t<Key>;
+
+		template <typename T, std::size_t... I>
+		decltype(auto) tuple_get(std::index_sequence<I...>) const& {
+			return tbl.template traverse_get<T>(std::get<I>(key)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, std::size_t... I>
+		decltype(auto) tuple_get(std::index_sequence<I...>) && {
+			return tbl.template traverse_get<T>(std::get<I>(std::move(key))...);
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
+		void tuple_set(std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& value) & {
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(I) > 1) {
+				tbl.traverse_set(std::get<I>(key)..., std::forward<T>(value));
+			}
+			else {
+				tbl.set(std::get<I>(key)..., std::forward<T>(value));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
+		void tuple_set(std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& value) && {
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(I) > 1) {
+				tbl.traverse_set(std::get<I>(std::move(key))..., std::forward<T>(value));
+			}
+			else {
+				tbl.set(std::get<I>(std::move(key))..., std::forward<T>(value));
+			}
+		}
+
+	public:
+		Table tbl;
+		key_type key;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		usertype_proxy(Table table, T&& k) : tbl(table), key(std::forward<T>(k)) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		usertype_proxy& set(T&& item) & {
+			using idx_seq = std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>>;
+			tuple_set(idx_seq(), std::forward<T>(item));
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		usertype_proxy&& set(T&& item) && {
+			using idx_seq = std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>>;
+			std::move(*this).tuple_set(idx_seq(), std::forward<T>(item));
+			return std::move(*this);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		usertype_proxy& operator=(T&& other) & {
+			return set(std::forward<T>(other));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		usertype_proxy&& operator=(T&& other) && {
+			return std::move(*this).set(std::forward<T>(other));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		usertype_proxy& operator=(std::initializer_list<T> other) & {
+			return set(std::move(other));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		usertype_proxy&& operator=(std::initializer_list<T> other) && {
+			return std::move(*this).set(std::move(other));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get() const& {
+			using idx_seq = std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>>;
+			return tuple_get<T>(idx_seq());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get() && {
+			using idx_seq = std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>>;
+			return std::move(*this).template tuple_get<T>(idx_seq());
+		}
+
+		template <typename K>
+		decltype(auto) operator[](K&& k) const& {
+			auto keys = meta::tuplefy(key, std::forward<K>(k));
+			return usertype_proxy<Table, decltype(keys)>(tbl, std::move(keys));
+		}
+
+		template <typename K>
+		decltype(auto) operator[](K&& k) & {
+			auto keys = meta::tuplefy(key, std::forward<K>(k));
+			return usertype_proxy<Table, decltype(keys)>(tbl, std::move(keys));
+		}
+
+		template <typename K>
+		decltype(auto) operator[](K&& k) && {
+			auto keys = meta::tuplefy(std::move(key), std::forward<K>(k));
+			return usertype_proxy<Table, decltype(keys)>(tbl, std::move(keys));
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) {
+#if !defined(__clang__) && defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && _MSC_FULL_VER >= 191200000
+			// MSVC is ass sometimes
+			return get<function>().call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+#else
+			return get<function>().template call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+#endif
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) {
+			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const {
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(tbl);
+			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>::value>(lua_state(), key, lua_gettop(lua_state()));
+			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
+			return p;
+		}
+
+		int push() const noexcept {
+			return push(this->lua_state());
+		}
+
+		int push(lua_State* L) const noexcept {
+			return get<reference>().push(L);
+		}
+
+		type get_type() const {
+			type t = type::none;
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(tbl);
+			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>::value>(lua_state(), key, lua_gettop(lua_state()));
+			if (p) {
+				t = type_of(lua_state(), -1);
+			}
+			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
+			return t;
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const {
+			return tbl.lua_state();
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/usertype_proxy.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/metatable.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/table_core.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/table_proxy.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key>
+	struct table_proxy : public proxy_base<table_proxy<Table, Key>> {
+	private:
+		using key_type = detail::proxy_key_t<Key>;
+
+		template <typename T, std::size_t... I>
+		decltype(auto) tuple_get(std::index_sequence<I...>) const& {
+			return tbl.template traverse_get<T>(std::get<I>(key)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, std::size_t... I>
+		decltype(auto) tuple_get(std::index_sequence<I...>) && {
+			return tbl.template traverse_get<T>(std::get<I>(std::move(key))...);
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
+		void tuple_set(std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& value) & {
+			tbl.traverse_set(std::get<I>(key)..., std::forward<T>(value));
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename T>
+		void tuple_set(std::index_sequence<I...>, T&& value) && {
+			tbl.traverse_set(std::get<I>(std::move(key))..., std::forward<T>(value));
+		}
+
+		auto setup_table(std::true_type) {
+			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>>(lua_state(), key, tbl.stack_index());
+			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
+			return p;
+		}
+
+		bool is_valid(std::false_type) {
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(tbl);
+			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>>(lua_state(), key, lua_gettop(lua_state()));
+			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
+			return p;
+		}
+
+	public:
+		Table tbl;
+		key_type key;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		table_proxy(Table table, T&& k) : tbl(table), key(std::forward<T>(k)) {
+		}
+
+		table_proxy(const table_proxy&) = default;
+		table_proxy(table_proxy&&) = default;
+		table_proxy& operator=(const table_proxy& right) {
+			return set(right);
+		}
+		table_proxy& operator=(table_proxy&& right) {
+			return set(std::move(right));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		table_proxy& set(T&& item) & {
+			tuple_set(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>>(), std::forward<T>(item));
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		table_proxy&& set(T&& item) && {
+			std::move(*this).tuple_set(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>>(), std::forward<T>(item));
+			return std::move(*this);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		table_proxy& set_function(Args&&... args) & {
+			tbl.set_function(key, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		table_proxy&& set_function(Args&&... args) && {
+			tbl.set_function(std::move(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return std::move(*this);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, table_proxy>>* = nullptr>
+		table_proxy& operator=(T&& other) & {
+			using Tu = meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (!is_lua_reference_or_proxy_v<Tu> && meta::is_invocable_v<Tu>) {
+				return set_function(std::forward<T>(other));
+			}
+			else {
+				return set(std::forward<T>(other));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<T>, table_proxy>>* = nullptr>
+		table_proxy&& operator=(T&& other) && {
+			using Tu = meta::unwrap_unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (!is_lua_reference_or_proxy_v<Tu> && meta::is_invocable_v<Tu> && !detail::is_msvc_callable_rigged_v<T>) {
+				return std::move(*this).set_function(std::forward<T>(other));
+			}
+			else {
+				return std::move(*this).set(std::forward<T>(other));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		table_proxy& operator=(std::initializer_list<T> other) & {
+			return set(std::move(other));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		table_proxy&& operator=(std::initializer_list<T> other) && {
+			return std::move(*this).set(std::move(other));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool is() const {
+			typedef decltype(get<T>()) U;
+			optional<U> option = this->get<optional<U>>();
+			return option.has_value();
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get() const& {
+			using idx_seq = std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>>;
+			return tuple_get<T>(idx_seq());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get() && {
+			using idx_seq = std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<key_type>>>;
+			return std::move(*this).template tuple_get<T>(idx_seq());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get_or(T&& otherwise) const {
+			typedef decltype(get<T>()) U;
+			optional<U> option = get<optional<U>>();
+			if (option) {
+				return static_cast<U>(option.value());
+			}
+			return static_cast<U>(std::forward<T>(otherwise));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename D>
+		decltype(auto) get_or(D&& otherwise) const {
+			optional<T> option = get<optional<T>>();
+			if (option) {
+				return static_cast<T>(option.value());
+			}
+			return static_cast<T>(std::forward<D>(otherwise));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get_or_create() {
+			return get_or_create<T>(new_table());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Otherwise>
+		decltype(auto) get_or_create(Otherwise&& other) {
+			if (!this->valid()) {
+				this->set(std::forward<Otherwise>(other));
+			}
+			return get<T>();
+		}
+
+		template <typename K>
+		decltype(auto) operator[](K&& k) const& {
+			auto keys = meta::tuplefy(key, std::forward<K>(k));
+			return table_proxy<Table, decltype(keys)>(tbl, std::move(keys));
+		}
+
+		template <typename K>
+		decltype(auto) operator[](K&& k) & {
+			auto keys = meta::tuplefy(key, std::forward<K>(k));
+			return table_proxy<Table, decltype(keys)>(tbl, std::move(keys));
+		}
+
+		template <typename K>
+		decltype(auto) operator[](K&& k) && {
+			auto keys = meta::tuplefy(std::move(key), std::forward<K>(k));
+			return table_proxy<Table, decltype(keys)>(tbl, std::move(keys));
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) {
+			lua_State* L = this->lua_state();
+			push(L);
+			int idx = lua_gettop(L);
+			stack_aligned_function func(L, idx);
+			return func.call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) {
+			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const {
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(tbl);
+			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>::value>(lua_state(), key, lua_gettop(lua_state()));
+			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
+			return p;
+		}
+
+		int push() const noexcept {
+			return push(this->lua_state());
+		}
+
+		int push(lua_State* L) const noexcept {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table> || is_stack_table_v<meta::unqualified_t<Table>>) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop<true>(tbl);
+				int tableindex = pp.index_of(tbl);
+				int top_index = lua_gettop(L);
+				stack::get_field<true>(lua_state(), key, tableindex);
+				lua_replace(L, top_index + 1);
+				lua_settop(L, top_index + 1);
+			}
+			else {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop<false>(tbl);
+				int tableindex = pp.index_of(tbl);
+				int aftertableindex = lua_gettop(L);
+				stack::get_field<false>(lua_state(), key, tableindex);
+				lua_replace(L, tableindex);
+				lua_settop(L, aftertableindex + 1);
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		type get_type() const {
+			type t = type::none;
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(tbl);
+			auto p = stack::probe_get_field<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Table>, global_table>::value>(lua_state(), key, lua_gettop(lua_state()));
+			if (p) {
+				t = type_of(lua_state(), -1);
+			}
+			lua_pop(lua_state(), p.levels);
+			return t;
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const {
+			return tbl.lua_state();
+		}
+
+		table_proxy& force() {
+			if (!this->valid()) {
+				this->set(new_table());
+			}
+			return *this;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key, typename T>
+	inline bool operator==(T&& left, const table_proxy<Table, Key>& right) {
+		using G = decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr, 0));
+		return right.template get<optional<G>>() == left;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key, typename T>
+	inline bool operator==(const table_proxy<Table, Key>& right, T&& left) {
+		using G = decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr, 0));
+		return right.template get<optional<G>>() == left;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key, typename T>
+	inline bool operator!=(T&& left, const table_proxy<Table, Key>& right) {
+		using G = decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr, 0));
+		return right.template get<optional<G>>() != left;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key, typename T>
+	inline bool operator!=(const table_proxy<Table, Key>& right, T&& left) {
+		using G = decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr, 0));
+		return right.template get<optional<G>>() != left;
+	}
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key>
+	inline bool operator==(lua_nil_t, const table_proxy<Table, Key>& right) {
+		return !right.valid();
+	}
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key>
+	inline bool operator==(const table_proxy<Table, Key>& right, lua_nil_t) {
+		return !right.valid();
+	}
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key>
+	inline bool operator!=(lua_nil_t, const table_proxy<Table, Key>& right) {
+		return right.valid();
+	}
+
+	template <typename Table, typename Key>
+	inline bool operator!=(const table_proxy<Table, Key>& right, lua_nil_t) {
+		return right.valid();
+	}
+
+	template <bool b>
+	template <typename Super>
+	basic_reference<b>& basic_reference<b>::operator=(proxy_base<Super>&& r) {
+		basic_reference<b> v = r;
+		this->operator=(std::move(v));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	template <bool b>
+	template <typename Super>
+	basic_reference<b>& basic_reference<b>::operator=(const proxy_base<Super>& r) {
+		basic_reference<b> v = r;
+		this->operator=(std::move(v));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <typename Table, typename Key>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<table_proxy<Table, Key>> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const table_proxy<Table, Key>& p) {
+				return p.push(L);
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/table_proxy.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/table_iterator.hpp
+
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename reference_type>
+	class basic_table_iterator {
+	public:
+		typedef object key_type;
+		typedef object mapped_type;
+		typedef std::pair<object, object> value_type;
+		typedef std::input_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+		typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+		typedef value_type* pointer;
+		typedef value_type& reference;
+		typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+
+	private:
+		std::pair<object, object> kvp;
+		reference_type ref;
+		int tableidx = 0;
+		int keyidx = 0;
+		std::ptrdiff_t idx = 0;
+
+	public:
+		basic_table_iterator() noexcept : keyidx(-1), idx(-1) {
+		}
+
+		basic_table_iterator(reference_type x) noexcept : ref(std::move(x)) {
+			ref.push();
+			tableidx = lua_gettop(ref.lua_state());
+			stack::push(ref.lua_state(), lua_nil);
+			this->operator++();
+			if (idx == -1) {
+				return;
+			}
+			--idx;
+		}
+
+		basic_table_iterator& operator++() noexcept {
+			if (idx == -1)
+				return *this;
+
+			if (lua_next(ref.lua_state(), tableidx) == 0) {
+				idx = -1;
+				keyidx = -1;
+				return *this;
+			}
+			++idx;
+			kvp.first = object(ref.lua_state(), -2);
+			kvp.second = object(ref.lua_state(), -1);
+			lua_pop(ref.lua_state(), 1);
+			// leave key on the stack
+			keyidx = lua_gettop(ref.lua_state());
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		basic_table_iterator operator++(int) noexcept {
+			auto saved = *this;
+			this->operator++();
+			return saved;
+		}
+
+		reference operator*() const noexcept {
+			return const_cast<reference>(kvp);
+		}
+
+		bool operator==(const basic_table_iterator& right) const noexcept {
+			return idx == right.idx;
+		}
+
+		bool operator!=(const basic_table_iterator& right) const noexcept {
+			return idx != right.idx;
+		}
+
+		~basic_table_iterator() {
+			if (keyidx != -1) {
+				stack::remove(ref.lua_state(), keyidx, 1);
+			}
+			if (ref.lua_state() != nullptr && ref.valid()) {
+				stack::remove(ref.lua_state(), tableidx, 1);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/table_iterator.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/pairs_iterator.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/stack/detail/pairs.hpp
+
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace sol { namespace stack { namespace stack_detail {
+
+	inline bool maybe_push_lua_next_function(lua_State* L_) {
+		stack::get_field<true, false>(L_, "next");
+		bool is_next = stack::check<protected_function>(L_);
+		if (is_next) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		stack::get_field<true, false>(L_, "table");
+		stack::record tracking{};
+		if (!stack::loose_table_check(L_, -1, &no_panic, tracking)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		lua_getfield(L_, -1, "next");
+		bool is_table_next_func = stack::check<protected_function>(L_, -1);
+		if (is_table_next_func) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		lua_pop(L_, 1);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	inline std::optional<protected_function> find_lua_next_function(lua_State* L_) {
+		if (maybe_push_lua_next_function(L_)) {
+			return stack::pop<protected_function>(L_);
+		}
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+
+	inline int c_lua_next(lua_State* L_) noexcept {
+		stack_reference table_stack_ref(L_, raw_index(1));
+		stateless_stack_reference key_stack_ref(L_, raw_index(2));
+		int result = lua_next(table_stack_ref.lua_state(), table_stack_ref.stack_index());
+		if (result == 0) {
+			stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	inline int readonly_pairs(lua_State* L_) noexcept {
+		int pushed = 0;
+		if (!maybe_push_lua_next_function(L_)) {
+			// we do not have the "next" function in the global namespace
+			// from the "table" global entiry, use our own
+			pushed += stack::push(L_, &c_lua_next);
+		}
+		else {
+			pushed += 1;
+		}
+		int metatable_exists = lua_getmetatable(L_, 1);
+		SOL_ASSERT(metatable_exists == 1);
+		const auto& index_key = to_string(sol::meta_function::index);
+		lua_getfield(L_, lua_gettop(L_), index_key.c_str());
+		lua_remove(L_, -2);
+		pushed += 1;
+		pushed += stack::push(L_, lua_nil);
+		return pushed;
+	}
+
+}}} // sol::stack::stack_detail
+
+// end of sol/stack/detail/pairs.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	struct pairs_sentinel { };
+
+	class pairs_iterator {
+	private:
+		inline static constexpr int empty_key_index = -1;
+
+	public:
+		using key_type = object;
+		using mapped_type = object;
+		using value_type = std::pair<object, object>;
+		using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
+		using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+		using pointer = value_type*;
+		using const_pointer = value_type const*;
+		using reference = value_type&;
+		using const_reference = const value_type&;
+
+		pairs_iterator() noexcept
+		: m_L(nullptr)
+		, m_next_function_ref(lua_nil)
+		, m_table_ref(lua_nil)
+		, m_cached_key_value_pair({ lua_nil, lua_nil })
+		, m_key_index(empty_key_index)
+		, m_iteration_index(0) {
+		}
+
+		pairs_iterator(const pairs_iterator&) = delete;
+		pairs_iterator& operator=(const pairs_iterator&) = delete;
+
+		pairs_iterator(pairs_iterator&& right) noexcept
+		: m_L(right.m_L)
+		, m_next_function_ref(std::move(right.m_next_function_ref))
+		, m_table_ref(std::move(right.m_table_ref))
+		, m_cached_key_value_pair(std::move(right.m_cached_key_value_pair))
+		, m_key_index(right.m_key_index)
+		, m_iteration_index(right.m_iteration_index) {
+			right.m_key_index = empty_key_index;
+		}
+
+		pairs_iterator& operator=(pairs_iterator&& right) noexcept {
+			m_L = right.m_L;
+			m_next_function_ref = std::move(right.m_next_function_ref);
+			m_table_ref = std::move(right.m_table_ref);
+			m_cached_key_value_pair = std::move(right.m_cached_key_value_pair);
+			m_key_index = right.m_key_index;
+			m_iteration_index = right.m_iteration_index;
+			right.m_key_index = empty_key_index;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Source>
+		pairs_iterator(const Source& source_) noexcept : m_L(source_.lua_state()), m_key_index(empty_key_index), m_iteration_index(0) {
+			if (m_L == nullptr || !source_.valid()) {
+				m_key_index = empty_key_index;
+				return;
+			}
+			int source_index = -source_.push(m_L);
+			int abs_source_index = lua_absindex(m_L, source_index);
+			int metatable_exists = lua_getmetatable(m_L, abs_source_index);
+			lua_remove(m_L, abs_source_index);
+			if (metatable_exists == 1) {
+				// just has a metatable, but does it have __pairs ?
+				stack_reference metatable(m_L, raw_index(abs_source_index));
+				stack::get_field<is_global_table_v<Source>, true>(m_L, meta_function::pairs, metatable.stack_index());
+				optional<protected_function> maybe_pairs_function = stack::pop<optional<protected_function>>(m_L);
+				if (maybe_pairs_function.has_value()) {
+					protected_function& pairs_function = *maybe_pairs_function;
+					protected_function_result next_fn_and_table_and_first_key = pairs_function(source_);
+					if (next_fn_and_table_and_first_key.valid()) {
+						m_next_function_ref = next_fn_and_table_and_first_key.get<protected_function>(0);
+						m_table_ref = next_fn_and_table_and_first_key.get<sol::reference>(1);
+						m_key_index = next_fn_and_table_and_first_key.stack_index() - 1;
+						// remove next function and table
+						lua_remove(m_L, m_key_index);
+						lua_remove(m_L, m_key_index);
+						next_fn_and_table_and_first_key.abandon();
+						lua_remove(m_L, abs_source_index);
+						this->operator++();
+						m_iteration_index = 0;
+						return;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			{
+				auto maybe_next = stack::stack_detail::find_lua_next_function(m_L);
+				if (maybe_next.has_value()) {
+					m_next_function_ref = std::move(*maybe_next);
+					m_table_ref = source_;
+
+					stack::push(m_L, lua_nil);
+					m_key_index = lua_gettop(m_L);
+					this->operator++();
+					m_iteration_index = 0;
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// okay, so none of the above worked and now we need to create
+			// a shim / polyfill instead
+			stack::push(m_L, &stack::stack_detail::c_lua_next);
+			m_next_function_ref = stack::pop<protected_function>(m_L);
+			m_table_ref = source_;
+			stack::push(m_L, lua_nil);
+			m_key_index = lua_gettop(m_L);
+			this->operator++();
+			m_iteration_index = 0;
+		}
+
+		pairs_iterator& operator++() {
+			if (m_key_index == empty_key_index) {
+				return *this;
+			}
+			{
+				sol::protected_function_result next_results = m_next_function_ref(m_table_ref, stack_reference(m_L, m_key_index));
+				if (!next_results.valid()) {
+					// TODO: abort, or throw an error?
+					m_clear();
+					m_key_index = empty_key_index;
+					return *this;
+				}
+				int next_results_count = next_results.return_count();
+				if (next_results_count < 2) {
+					// iteration is over!
+					next_results.abandon();
+					lua_settop(m_L, m_key_index - 1);
+					m_key_index = empty_key_index;
+					++m_iteration_index;
+					return *this;
+				}
+				else {
+					lua_remove(m_L, m_key_index);
+					m_key_index = next_results.stack_index() - 1;
+					m_cached_key_value_pair.first = stack::get<object>(m_L, m_key_index);
+					m_cached_key_value_pair.second = stack::get<object>(m_L, m_key_index + 1);
+					lua_settop(m_L, m_key_index);
+					next_results.abandon();
+				}
+			}
+			++m_iteration_index;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		std::ptrdiff_t index() const {
+			return static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(m_iteration_index);
+		}
+
+		const_reference operator*() const noexcept {
+			return m_cached_key_value_pair;
+		}
+
+		reference operator*() noexcept {
+			return m_cached_key_value_pair;
+		}
+
+		friend bool operator==(const pairs_iterator& left, const pairs_iterator& right) noexcept {
+			return left.m_table_ref == right.m_table_ref && left.m_iteration_index == right.m_iteration_index;
+		}
+
+		friend bool operator!=(const pairs_iterator& left, const pairs_iterator& right) noexcept {
+			return left.m_table_ref != right.m_table_ref || left.m_iteration_index != right.m_iteration_index;
+		}
+
+		friend bool operator==(const pairs_iterator& left, const pairs_sentinel&) noexcept {
+			return left.m_key_index == empty_key_index;
+		}
+
+		friend bool operator!=(const pairs_iterator& left, const pairs_sentinel&) noexcept {
+			return left.m_key_index != empty_key_index;
+		}
+
+		friend bool operator==(const pairs_sentinel&, const pairs_iterator& left) noexcept {
+			return left.m_key_index == empty_key_index;
+		}
+
+		friend bool operator!=(const pairs_sentinel&, const pairs_iterator& left) noexcept {
+			return left.m_key_index != empty_key_index;
+		}
+
+		~pairs_iterator() {
+			if (m_key_index != empty_key_index) {
+				m_clear();
+			}
+		}
+
+	private:
+		void m_clear() noexcept {
+			lua_remove(m_L, m_key_index);
+		}
+
+		lua_State* m_L;
+		protected_function m_next_function_ref;
+		sol::reference m_table_ref;
+		std::pair<object, object> m_cached_key_value_pair;
+		int m_key_index;
+		int m_iteration_index;
+	};
+
+	template <typename Source>
+	class basic_pairs_range {
+	private:
+		using source_t = std::add_lvalue_reference_t<Source>;
+		source_t m_source;
+
+	public:
+		using iterator = pairs_iterator;
+		using const_iterator = pairs_iterator;
+
+		basic_pairs_range(source_t source_) noexcept : m_source(source_) {
+		}
+
+		iterator begin() noexcept {
+			return iterator(m_source);
+		}
+
+		iterator begin() const noexcept {
+			return iterator(m_source);
+		}
+
+		const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept {
+			return const_iterator(m_source);
+		}
+
+		pairs_sentinel end() noexcept {
+			return {};
+		}
+
+		pairs_sentinel end() const noexcept {
+			return {};
+		}
+
+		pairs_sentinel cend() const noexcept {
+			return {};
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/pairs_iterator.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	namespace detail {
+		template <std::size_t n>
+		struct clean {
+			lua_State* L;
+			clean(lua_State* luastate) : L(luastate) {
+			}
+			~clean() {
+				lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(n));
+			}
+		};
+
+		struct ref_clean {
+			lua_State* L;
+			int& pop_count;
+
+			ref_clean(lua_State* L_, int& pop_count_) noexcept : L(L_), pop_count(pop_count_) {
+			}
+			~ref_clean() {
+				lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(pop_count));
+			}
+		};
+
+		inline int fail_on_newindex(lua_State* L_) {
+			return luaL_error(L_, "sol: cannot modify the elements of an enumeration table");
+		}
+
+	} // namespace detail
+
+	template <bool top_level, typename ref_t>
+	class basic_table_core : public basic_object<ref_t> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_object<ref_t>;
+
+		friend class state;
+		friend class state_view;
+		template <typename, typename>
+		friend class basic_usertype;
+		template <typename>
+		friend class basic_metatable;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_get_direct_tableless = meta::boolean<stack::stack_detail::is_get_direct_tableless_v<T, top_level, false>>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_raw_get_direct_tableless = std::false_type;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_set_direct_tableless = meta::boolean<stack::stack_detail::is_set_direct_tableless_v<T, top_level, false>>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_raw_set_direct_tableless = std::false_type;
+
+		template <bool raw, typename... Ret, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) tuple_get(int table_index, Keys&&... keys) const {
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(Ret) < 2) {
+				return traverse_get_single_maybe_tuple<raw, Ret...>(table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				using multi_ret = decltype(stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret...>>(nullptr));
+				return multi_ret(traverse_get_single_maybe_tuple<raw, Ret>(table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys))...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool raw, typename Ret, size_t... I, typename Key>
+		decltype(auto) traverse_get_single_tuple(int table_index, std::index_sequence<I...>, Key&& key) const {
+			return traverse_get_single<raw, Ret>(table_index, std::get<I>(std::forward<Key>(key))...);
+		}
+
+		template <bool raw, typename Ret, typename Key>
+		decltype(auto) traverse_get_single_maybe_tuple(int table_index, Key&& key) const {
+			if constexpr (meta::is_tuple_v<meta::unqualified_t<Key>>) {
+				return traverse_get_single_tuple<raw, Ret>(
+				     table_index, std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<meta::unqualified_t<Key>>>(), std::forward<Key>(key));
+			}
+			else {
+				return traverse_get_single<raw, Ret>(table_index, std::forward<Key>(key));
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool raw, typename Ret, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) traverse_get_single(int table_index, Keys&&... keys) const {
+			constexpr static bool global = (meta::count_for_to_pack_v < 1, is_get_direct_tableless, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>... >> 0);
+			if constexpr (meta::is_optional_v<meta::unqualified_t<Ret>>) {
+				int popcount = 0;
+				detail::ref_clean c(base_t::lua_state(), popcount);
+				return traverse_get_deep_optional<global, raw, detail::insert_mode::none, Ret>(popcount, table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				detail::clean<sizeof...(Keys) - meta::count_for_pack_v<detail::is_insert_mode, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>...>> c(base_t::lua_state());
+				return traverse_get_deep<global, raw, detail::insert_mode::none, Ret>(table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool raw, typename Pairs, std::size_t... I>
+		void tuple_set(std::index_sequence<I...>, Pairs&& pairs) {
+			constexpr static bool global = (meta::count_even_for_pack_v < is_set_direct_tableless,
+			     meta::unqualified_t<decltype(std::get<I * 2>(std::forward<Pairs>(pairs)))>... >> 0);
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop<global>(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+			(void)table_index;
+			(void)L;
+			void(detail::swallow { (stack::set_field<(top_level), raw>(
+			                             L, std::get<I * 2>(std::forward<Pairs>(pairs)), std::get<I * 2 + 1>(std::forward<Pairs>(pairs)), table_index),
+			     0)... });
+		}
+
+		template <bool global, bool raw, detail::insert_mode mode, typename T, typename Key, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) traverse_get_deep(int table_index, Key&& key, Keys&&... keys) const {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, create_if_nil_t>) {
+				(void)key;
+				return traverse_get_deep<false, raw, static_cast<detail::insert_mode>(mode | detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil), T>(
+				     table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+				stack::get_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), table_index);
+				if constexpr (sizeof...(Keys) > 0) {
+					if constexpr ((mode & detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) == detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) {
+						type t = type_of(L, -1);
+						if (t == type::lua_nil || t == type::none) {
+							lua_pop(L, 1);
+							stack::push(L, new_table(0, 0));
+						}
+					}
+					return traverse_get_deep<false, raw, mode, T>(lua_gettop(L), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					if constexpr ((mode & detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) == detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) {
+						type t = type_of(L, -1);
+						if ((t == type::lua_nil || t == type::none) && (is_table_like_v<T>)) {
+							lua_pop(L, 1);
+							stack::push(L, new_table(0, 0));
+						}
+					}
+					return stack::get<T>(L);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool global, bool raw, detail::insert_mode mode, typename T, typename Key, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) traverse_get_deep_optional(int& popcount, int table_index, Key&& key, Keys&&... keys) const {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, create_if_nil_t>) {
+				constexpr detail::insert_mode new_mode = static_cast<detail::insert_mode>(mode | detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil);
+				(void)key;
+				return traverse_get_deep_optional<global, raw, new_mode, T>(popcount, table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, update_if_empty_t>) {
+				constexpr detail::insert_mode new_mode = static_cast<detail::insert_mode>(mode | detail::insert_mode::update_if_empty);
+				(void)key;
+				return traverse_get_deep_optional<global, raw, new_mode, T>(popcount, table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<meta::unqualified_t<Key>, override_value_t>) {
+				constexpr detail::insert_mode new_mode = static_cast<detail::insert_mode>(mode | detail::insert_mode::override_value);
+				(void)key;
+				return traverse_get_deep_optional<global, raw, new_mode, T>(popcount, table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				if constexpr (sizeof...(Keys) > 0) {
+					lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+					auto p = stack::probe_get_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), table_index);
+					popcount += p.levels;
+					if (!p.success) {
+						if constexpr ((mode & detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) == detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) {
+							lua_pop(L, 1);
+							constexpr bool is_seq = meta::count_for_to_pack_v < 1, std::is_integral, Keys... >> 0;
+							stack::push(L, new_table(static_cast<int>(is_seq), static_cast<int>(!is_seq)));
+							stack::set_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), stack_reference(L, -1), table_index);
+						}
+						else {
+							return T(nullopt);
+						}
+					}
+					return traverse_get_deep_optional<false, raw, mode, T>(popcount, lua_gettop(L), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+				}
+				else {
+					using R = decltype(stack::get<T>(nullptr));
+					using value_type = typename meta::unqualified_t<R>::value_type;
+					lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+					auto p = stack::probe_get_field<global, raw, value_type>(L, key, table_index);
+					popcount += p.levels;
+					if (!p.success) {
+						if constexpr ((mode & detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) == detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) {
+							lua_pop(L, 1);
+							stack::push(L, new_table(0, 0));
+							stack::set_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), stack_reference(L, -1), table_index);
+							if (stack::check<value_type>(L, lua_gettop(L), &no_panic)) {
+								return stack::get<T>(L);
+							}
+						}
+						return R(nullopt);
+					}
+					return stack::get<T>(L);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <bool global, bool raw, detail::insert_mode mode, typename Key, typename... Keys>
+		void traverse_set_deep(int table_index, Key&& key, Keys&&... keys) const {
+			using KeyU = meta::unqualified_t<Key>;
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<KeyU, update_if_empty_t>) {
+				(void)key;
+				traverse_set_deep<global, raw, static_cast<detail::insert_mode>(mode | detail::insert_mode::update_if_empty)>(
+				     table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<KeyU, create_if_nil_t>) {
+				(void)key;
+				traverse_set_deep<global, raw, static_cast<detail::insert_mode>(mode | detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil)>(
+				     table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<KeyU, override_value_t>) {
+				(void)key;
+				traverse_set_deep<global, raw, static_cast<detail::insert_mode>(mode | detail::insert_mode::override_value)>(
+				     table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+				if constexpr (sizeof...(Keys) == 1) {
+					if constexpr ((mode & detail::insert_mode::update_if_empty) == detail::insert_mode::update_if_empty) {
+						auto p = stack::probe_get_field<global, raw>(L, key, table_index);
+						lua_pop(L, p.levels);
+						if (!p.success) {
+							stack::set_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Keys>(keys)..., table_index);
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						stack::set_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Keys>(keys)..., table_index);
+					}
+				}
+				else {
+					if constexpr (mode != detail::insert_mode::none) {
+						stack::get_field<global, raw>(L, key, table_index);
+						type vt = type_of(L, -1);
+						if constexpr ((mode & detail::insert_mode::update_if_empty) == detail::insert_mode::update_if_empty
+						     || (mode & detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) == detail::insert_mode::create_if_nil) {
+							if (vt == type::lua_nil || vt == type::none) {
+								constexpr bool is_seq = meta::count_for_to_pack_v < 1, std::is_integral, Keys... >> 0;
+								lua_pop(L, 1);
+								stack::push(L, new_table(static_cast<int>(is_seq), static_cast<int>(!is_seq)));
+								stack::set_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), stack_reference(L, -1), table_index);
+							}
+						}
+						else {
+							if (vt != type::table) {
+								constexpr bool is_seq = meta::count_for_to_pack_v < 1, std::is_integral, Keys... >> 0;
+								lua_pop(L, 1);
+								stack::push(L, new_table(static_cast<int>(is_seq), static_cast<int>(!is_seq)));
+								stack::set_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), stack_reference(L, -1), table_index);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					else {
+						stack::get_field<global, raw>(L, std::forward<Key>(key), table_index);
+					}
+					traverse_set_deep<false, raw, mode>(lua_gettop(L), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	protected:
+		basic_table_core(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_nil_t n) : base_t(n) {
+		}
+		basic_table_core(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L, int index) : base_t(L, index) {
+		}
+		basic_table_core(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(L, index) {
+		}
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_table_core>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<ref_t, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_table_core(detail::no_safety_tag, T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_table_core(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L, T&& r) noexcept : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+		}
+
+	public:
+		using iterator = basic_table_iterator<ref_t>;
+		using const_iterator = iterator;
+
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_table_core() noexcept = default;
+		basic_table_core(const basic_table_core&) = default;
+		basic_table_core(basic_table_core&&) = default;
+		basic_table_core& operator=(const basic_table_core&) = default;
+		basic_table_core& operator=(basic_table_core&&) = default;
+
+		basic_table_core(const stack_reference& r) : basic_table_core(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+
+		basic_table_core(stack_reference&& r) : basic_table_core(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, meta::enable_any<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, T&& r) : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_table_core>(lua_state(), table_index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, const new_table& nt) : base_t(L, -stack::push(L, nt)) {
+			if (!is_stack_based<meta::unqualified_t<ref_t>>::value) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : basic_table_core(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_table_core>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : basic_table_core(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_table_core>(lua_state(), table_index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_table_core>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<ref_t, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_table_core(T&& r) noexcept : basic_table_core(detail::no_safety, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_table<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+				constructor_handler handler {};
+				stack::check<basic_table_core>(lua_state(), table_index, handler);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		basic_table_core(lua_nil_t r) noexcept : basic_table_core(detail::no_safety, r) {
+		}
+
+		basic_table_core(lua_State* L, global_tag_t t) noexcept : base_t(L, t) {
+		}
+
+		iterator begin() const {
+			if (this->get_type() == type::table) {
+				return iterator(*this);
+			}
+			return iterator();
+		}
+
+		iterator end() const {
+			return iterator();
+		}
+
+		const_iterator cbegin() const {
+			return begin();
+		}
+
+		const_iterator cend() const {
+			return end();
+		}
+
+		basic_pairs_range<basic_table_core> pairs() noexcept {
+			return basic_pairs_range<basic_table_core>(*this);
+		}
+
+		basic_pairs_range<const basic_table_core> pairs() const noexcept {
+			return basic_pairs_range<const basic_table_core>(*this);
+		}
+
+		void clear() {
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop<false>(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			stack::clear(lua_state(), table_index);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) get(Keys&&... keys) const {
+			static_assert(sizeof...(Keys) == sizeof...(Ret), "number of keys and number of return types do not match");
+			constexpr static bool global = meta::all<meta::boolean<top_level>, is_get_direct_tableless<meta::unqualified_t<Keys>>...>::value;
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop<global>(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			return tuple_get<false, Ret...>(table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Key>
+		decltype(auto) get_or(Key&& key, T&& otherwise) const {
+			typedef decltype(get<T>("")) U;
+			optional<U> option = get<optional<U>>(std::forward<Key>(key));
+			if (option) {
+				return static_cast<U>(option.value());
+			}
+			return static_cast<U>(std::forward<T>(otherwise));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Key, typename D>
+		decltype(auto) get_or(Key&& key, D&& otherwise) const {
+			optional<T> option = get<optional<T>>(std::forward<Key>(key));
+			if (option) {
+				return static_cast<T>(option.value());
+			}
+			return static_cast<T>(std::forward<D>(otherwise));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) traverse_get(Keys&&... keys) const {
+			static_assert(sizeof...(Keys) > 0, "must pass at least 1 key to get");
+			constexpr static bool global = (meta::count_for_to_pack_v < 1, is_get_direct_tableless, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>... >> 0);
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop<global>(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			return traverse_get_single<false, T>(table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Keys>
+		basic_table_core& traverse_set(Keys&&... keys) {
+			static_assert(sizeof...(Keys) > 1, "must pass at least 1 key and 1 value to set");
+			constexpr static bool global
+			     = (meta::count_when_for_to_pack_v < detail::is_not_insert_mode, 1, is_set_direct_tableless, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>... >> 0);
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop<global>(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+			auto pn = stack::pop_n(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(Keys) - 2 - meta::count_for_pack_v<detail::is_insert_mode, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>...>));
+			traverse_set_deep<top_level, false, detail::insert_mode::none>(table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		basic_table_core& set(Args&&... args) {
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) == 2) {
+				traverse_set(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			}
+			else {
+				tuple_set<false>(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args) / 2>(), std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+			}
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) raw_get(Keys&&... keys) const {
+			static_assert(sizeof...(Keys) == sizeof...(Ret), "number of keys and number of return types do not match");
+			constexpr static bool global = (meta::count_for_to_pack_v < 1, is_raw_get_direct_tableless, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>... >> 0);
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop<global>(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			return tuple_get<true, Ret...>(table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Key>
+		decltype(auto) raw_get_or(Key&& key, T&& otherwise) const {
+			typedef decltype(raw_get<T>("")) U;
+			optional<U> option = raw_get<optional<U>>(std::forward<Key>(key));
+			if (option) {
+				return static_cast<U>(option.value());
+			}
+			return static_cast<U>(std::forward<T>(otherwise));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Key, typename D>
+		decltype(auto) raw_get_or(Key&& key, D&& otherwise) const {
+			optional<T> option = raw_get<optional<T>>(std::forward<Key>(key));
+			if (option) {
+				return static_cast<T>(option.value());
+			}
+			return static_cast<T>(std::forward<D>(otherwise));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) traverse_raw_get(Keys&&... keys) const {
+			constexpr static bool global = (meta::count_for_to_pack_v < 1, is_raw_get_direct_tableless, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>... >> 0);
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop<global>(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			return traverse_get_single<true, T>(table_index, std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Keys>
+		basic_table_core& traverse_raw_set(Keys&&... keys) {
+			constexpr static bool global = (meta::count_for_to_pack_v < 1, is_raw_set_direct_tableless, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>... >> 0);
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop<global>(*this);
+			lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+			auto pn = stack::pop_n(L, static_cast<int>(sizeof...(Keys) - 2 - meta::count_for_pack_v<detail::is_insert_mode, meta::unqualified_t<Keys>...>));
+			traverse_set_deep<top_level, true, false>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		basic_table_core& raw_set(Args&&... args) {
+			tuple_set<true>(std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args) / 2>(), std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Class, typename Key>
+		usertype<Class> new_usertype(Key&& key);
+
+		template <typename Class, typename Key, automagic_flags enrollment_flags>
+		usertype<Class> new_usertype(Key&& key, constant_automagic_enrollments<enrollment_flags> enrollment);
+
+		template <typename Class, typename Key>
+		usertype<Class> new_usertype(Key&& key, automagic_enrollments enrollment);
+
+		template <typename Class, typename Key, typename Arg, typename... Args,
+		     typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_base_of_v<automagic_enrollments, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>>>>
+		usertype<Class> new_usertype(Key&& key, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args);
+
+		template <bool read_only = true, typename... Args>
+		table new_enum(const string_view& name, Args&&... args) {
+			table target = create_with(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			if constexpr (read_only) {
+				// Need to create a special iterator to handle this
+				table x
+				     = create_with(meta_function::new_index, detail::fail_on_newindex, meta_function::index, target, meta_function::pairs, stack::stack_detail::readonly_pairs);
+				table shim = create_named(name, metatable_key, x);
+				return shim;
+			}
+			else {
+				set(name, target);
+				return target;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, bool read_only = true>
+		table new_enum(const string_view& name, std::initializer_list<std::pair<string_view, T>> items) {
+			table target = create(static_cast<int>(items.size()), static_cast<int>(0));
+			for (const auto& kvp : items) {
+				target.set(kvp.first, kvp.second);
+			}
+			if constexpr (read_only) {
+				table x = create_with(meta_function::new_index, detail::fail_on_newindex, meta_function::index, target);
+				table shim = create_named(name, metatable_key, x);
+				return shim;
+			}
+			else {
+				set(name, target);
+				return target;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key = object, typename Value = object, typename Fx>
+		void for_each(Fx&& fx) const {
+			lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+			if constexpr (std::is_invocable_v<Fx, Key, Value>) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+				stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+				while (lua_next(L, table_index)) {
+					Key key(L, -2);
+					Value value(L, -1);
+					auto pn = stack::pop_n(L, 1);
+					fx(key, value);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+				stack::push(L, lua_nil);
+				while (lua_next(L, table_index)) {
+					Key key(L, -2);
+					Value value(L, -1);
+					auto pn = stack::pop_n(L, 1);
+					std::pair<Key&, Value&> keyvalue(key, value);
+					fx(keyvalue);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		size_t size() const {
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+			lua_len(L, table_index);
+			return stack::pop<size_t>(L);
+		}
+
+		bool empty() const {
+			return cbegin() == cend();
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		auto operator[](T&& key) & {
+			return table_proxy<basic_table_core&, detail::proxy_key_t<T>>(*this, std::forward<T>(key));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		auto operator[](T&& key) const& {
+			return table_proxy<const basic_table_core&, detail::proxy_key_t<T>>(*this, std::forward<T>(key));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		auto operator[](T&& key) && {
+			return table_proxy<basic_table_core, detail::proxy_key_t<T>>(std::move(*this), std::forward<T>(key));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Sig, typename Key, typename... Args>
+		basic_table_core& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set_fx(types<Sig>(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename... Args>
+		basic_table_core& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set_fx(types<>(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		basic_table_core& add(Args&&... args) {
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			int table_index = pp.index_of(*this);
+			lua_State* L = base_t::lua_state();
+			(void)detail::swallow { 0, (stack::stack_detail::raw_table_set(L, std::forward<Args>(args), table_index), 0)... };
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+	private:
+		template <typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename Key, typename = std::invoke_result_t<Fx, Args...>>
+		void set_fx(types<R(Args...)>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx) {
+			set_resolved_function<R(Args...)>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename Key, meta::enable<meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, overload_set>> = meta::enabler>
+		void set_fx(types<>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename Key, typename... Args,
+		     meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, overload_set>> = meta::enabler>
+		void set_fx(types<>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), as_function_reference(std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Sig, typename... Args, typename Key>
+		void set_resolved_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), as_function_reference<function_sig<Sig...>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+
+	public:
+		static inline table create(lua_State* L, int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
+			lua_createtable(L, narr, nrec);
+			table result(L);
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
+		static inline table create(lua_State* L, int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
+			lua_createtable(L, narr, nrec);
+			table result(L);
+			result.set(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			lua_pop(L, 1);
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		static inline table create_with(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+			static_assert(sizeof...(Args) % 2 == 0, "You must have an even number of arguments for a key, value ... list.");
+			constexpr int narr = static_cast<int>(meta::count_odd_for_pack_v<std::is_integral, Args...>);
+			return create(L, narr, static_cast<int>((sizeof...(Args) / 2) - narr), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		table create(int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
+			return create(base_t::lua_state(), narr, nrec);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
+		table create(int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
+			return create(base_t::lua_state(), narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Name>
+		table create(Name&& name, int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
+			table x = create(base_t::lua_state(), narr, nrec);
+			this->set(std::forward<Name>(name), x);
+			return x;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Name, typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
+		table create(Name&& name, int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
+			table x = create(base_t::lua_state(), narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			this->set(std::forward<Name>(name), x);
+			return x;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		table create_with(Args&&... args) {
+			return create_with(base_t::lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Name, typename... Args>
+		table create_named(Name&& name, Args&&... args) {
+			static const int narr = static_cast<int>(meta::count_even_for_pack_v<std::is_integral, Args...>);
+			return create(std::forward<Name>(name), narr, (sizeof...(Args) / 2) - narr, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/table_core.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename base_type>
+	class basic_metatable : public basic_table<base_type> {
+		typedef basic_table<base_type> base_t;
+		friend class state;
+		friend class state_view;
+
+	protected:
+		basic_metatable(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_nil_t n) : base_t(n) {
+		}
+		basic_metatable(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L, int index) : base_t(L, index) {
+		}
+		basic_metatable(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(L, index) {
+		}
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_metatable>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_metatable(detail::no_safety_tag, T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_metatable(detail::no_safety_tag, lua_State* L, T&& r) noexcept : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename Key, typename = std::invoke_result_t<Fx, Args...>>
+		void set_fx(types<R(Args...)>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx) {
+			set_resolved_function<R(Args...)>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename Key, meta::enable<meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, overload_set>> = meta::enabler>
+		void set_fx(types<>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename Key, typename... Args,
+		     meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, overload_set>> = meta::enabler>
+		void set_fx(types<>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), as_function_reference(std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Sig, typename... Args, typename Key>
+		void set_resolved_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), as_function_reference<function_sig<Sig...>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_metatable() noexcept = default;
+		basic_metatable(const basic_metatable&) = default;
+		basic_metatable(basic_metatable&&) = default;
+		basic_metatable& operator=(const basic_metatable&) = default;
+		basic_metatable& operator=(basic_metatable&&) = default;
+		basic_metatable(const stack_reference& r) : basic_metatable(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_metatable(stack_reference&& r) : basic_metatable(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable_any<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_metatable(lua_State* L, T&& r) : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_metatable>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_metatable(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : basic_metatable(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_metatable>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_metatable(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : basic_metatable(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_metatable>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_metatable>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_metatable(T&& r) noexcept : basic_metatable(detail::no_safety, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_table<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				constructor_handler handler {};
+				stack::check<basic_metatable>(base_t::lua_state(), -1, handler);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_metatable(lua_nil_t r) noexcept : basic_metatable(detail::no_safety, r) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename Value>
+		basic_metatable<base_type>& set(Key&& key, Value&& value);
+
+		template <typename Sig, typename Key, typename... Args>
+		basic_metatable& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set_fx(types<Sig>(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename... Args>
+		basic_metatable& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set_fx(types<>(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		void unregister() {
+			using ustorage_base = u_detail::usertype_storage_base;
+
+			lua_State* L = this->lua_state();
+
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			int top = lua_gettop(L);
+
+			stack_reference mt(L, -1);
+			stack::get_field(L, meta_function::gc_names, mt.stack_index());
+			if (type_of(L, -1) != type::table) {
+				lua_settop(L, top);
+				return;
+			}
+			stack_reference gc_names_table(L, -1);
+			stack::get_field(L, meta_function::storage, mt.stack_index());
+			if (type_of(L, -1) != type::lightuserdata) {
+				lua_settop(L, top);
+				return;
+			}
+			ustorage_base& base_storage = *static_cast<ustorage_base*>(stack::get<void*>(L, -1));
+			std::array<string_view, 6> registry_traits;
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < registry_traits.size(); ++i) {
+				u_detail::submetatable_type smt = static_cast<u_detail::submetatable_type>(i);
+				stack::get_field<false, true>(L, smt, gc_names_table.stack_index());
+				registry_traits[i] = stack::get<string_view>(L, -1);
+			}
+
+			// get the registry
+			stack_reference registry(L, raw_index(LUA_REGISTRYINDEX));
+			registry.push();
+			// eliminate all named entries for this usertype
+			// in the registry (luaL_newmetatable does
+			// [name] = new table
+			// in registry upon creation)
+			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < registry_traits.size(); ++i) {
+				u_detail::submetatable_type smt = static_cast<u_detail::submetatable_type>(i);
+				const string_view& gcmetakey = registry_traits[i];
+				if (smt == u_detail::submetatable_type::named) {
+					// use .data() to make it treat it like a c string,
+					// which it is...
+					stack::set_field<true>(L, gcmetakey.data(), lua_nil);
+				}
+				else {
+					// do not change the values in the registry: they need to be present
+					// no matter what, for safety's sake
+					// stack::set_field(L, gcmetakey, lua_nil, registry.stack_index());
+				}
+			}
+
+			// destroy all storage and tables
+			base_storage.clear();
+
+			// 6 strings from gc_names table,
+			// + 1 registry,
+			// + 1 gc_names table
+			// + 1 light userdata of storage
+			// + 1 registry
+			// 10 total, 4 left since popping off 6 gc_names tables
+			lua_settop(L, top);
+		}
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/metatable.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename T, typename base_type>
+	class basic_usertype : private basic_metatable<base_type> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_metatable<base_type>;
+		using table_base_t = basic_table<base_type>;
+
+		template <typename>
+		friend class basic_metatable;
+
+		template <bool, typename>
+		friend class basic_table_core;
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename... Args>
+		void tuple_set(std::index_sequence<I...>, std::tuple<Args...>&& args) {
+			(void)args;
+			(void)detail::swallow { 0, (this->set(std::get<I * 2>(std::move(args)), std::get<I * 2 + 1>(std::move(args))), 0)... };
+		}
+
+		template <typename R, typename... Args, typename Fx, typename Key, typename = std::invoke_result_t<Fx, Args...>>
+		void set_fx(types<R(Args...)>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx) {
+			set_resolved_function<R(Args...)>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename Key, meta::enable<meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, overload_set>> = meta::enabler>
+		void set_fx(types<>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename Key, typename... Args,
+		     meta::disable<meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, overload_set>> = meta::enabler>
+		void set_fx(types<>, Key&& key, Fx&& fx, Args&&... args) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), as_function_reference(std::forward<Fx>(fx), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Sig, typename... Args, typename Key>
+		void set_resolved_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set(std::forward<Key>(key), as_function_reference<function_sig<Sig...>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+
+		using base_t::get;
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+		using base_t::pop;
+		using base_t::push;
+		using base_t::traverse_get;
+		using base_t::traverse_set;
+		using base_t::unregister;
+
+		template <typename Key, typename Value>
+		basic_usertype& set(Key&& key, Value&& value) {
+			optional<u_detail::usertype_storage<T>&> maybe_uts = u_detail::maybe_get_usertype_storage<T>(this->lua_state());
+			if (maybe_uts) {
+				u_detail::usertype_storage<T>& uts = *maybe_uts;
+				uts.set(this->lua_state(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+			}
+			else {
+				using ValueU = meta::unqualified_t<Value>;
+				// cannot get metatable: try regular table set?
+				if constexpr (detail::is_non_factory_constructor_v<ValueU> || detail::is_policy_v<ValueU>) {
+					// tag constructors so we don't get destroyed by lack of info
+					table_base_t::set(std::forward<Key>(key), detail::tagged<T, Value>(std::forward<Value>(value)));
+				}
+				else {
+					table_base_t::set(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+				}
+			}
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Sig, typename Key, typename... Args>
+		basic_usertype& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set_fx(types<Sig>(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename... Args>
+		basic_usertype& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			set_fx(types<>(), std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key>
+		usertype_proxy<basic_usertype&, std::decay_t<Key>> operator[](Key&& key) {
+			return usertype_proxy<basic_usertype&, std::decay_t<Key>>(*this, std::forward<Key>(key));
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key>
+		usertype_proxy<const basic_usertype&, std::decay_t<Key>> operator[](Key&& key) const {
+			return usertype_proxy<const basic_usertype&, std::decay_t<Key>>(*this, std::forward<Key>(key));
+		}
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/usertype.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/table.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/lua_table.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename ref_t>
+	struct basic_lua_table : basic_table_core<false, ref_t> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_table_core<false, ref_t>;
+
+		friend class state;
+		friend class state_view;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_lua_table() noexcept = default;
+		basic_lua_table(const basic_lua_table&) = default;
+		basic_lua_table(basic_lua_table&&) = default;
+		basic_lua_table& operator=(const basic_lua_table&) = default;
+		basic_lua_table& operator=(basic_lua_table&&) = default;
+		basic_lua_table(const stack_reference& r) : basic_lua_table(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_lua_table(stack_reference&& r) : basic_lua_table(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable_any<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_lua_table(lua_State* L, T&& r) : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_lua_table>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_lua_table(lua_State* L, const new_table& nt) : base_t(L, nt) {
+			if (!is_stack_based<meta::unqualified_t<ref_t>>::value) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+			}
+		}
+		basic_lua_table(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_lua_table>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_lua_table(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_lua_table>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_lua_table>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<ref_t, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_lua_table(T&& r) noexcept : basic_lua_table(detail::no_safety, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_table<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				constructor_handler handler {};
+				stack::check<basic_lua_table>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_lua_table(lua_nil_t r) noexcept : basic_lua_table(detail::no_safety, r) {
+		}
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/lua_table.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	typedef table_core<false> table;
+
+	template <bool is_global, typename base_type>
+	template <typename Class, typename Key>
+	usertype<Class> basic_table_core<is_global, base_type>::new_usertype(Key&& key) {
+		constant_automagic_enrollments<> enrollments {};
+		return this->new_usertype<Class>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::move(enrollments));
+	}
+
+	template <bool is_global, typename base_type>
+	template <typename Class, typename Key, automagic_flags enrollment_flags>
+	usertype<Class> basic_table_core<is_global, base_type>::new_usertype(Key&& key, constant_automagic_enrollments<enrollment_flags> enrollments) {
+		int mt_index = u_detail::register_usertype<Class, enrollment_flags>(this->lua_state(), std::move(enrollments));
+		usertype<Class> mt(this->lua_state(), -mt_index);
+		lua_pop(this->lua_state(), 1);
+		set(std::forward<Key>(key), mt);
+		return mt;
+	}
+
+	template <bool is_global, typename base_type>
+	template <typename Class, typename Key>
+	usertype<Class> basic_table_core<is_global, base_type>::new_usertype(Key&& key, automagic_enrollments enrollments) {
+		int mt_index = u_detail::register_usertype<Class, automagic_flags::all>(this->lua_state(), std::move(enrollments));
+		usertype<Class> mt(this->lua_state(), -mt_index);
+		lua_pop(this->lua_state(), 1);
+		set(std::forward<Key>(key), mt);
+		return mt;
+	}
+
+	template <bool is_global, typename base_type>
+	template <typename Class, typename Key, typename Arg, typename... Args, typename>
+	usertype<Class> basic_table_core<is_global, base_type>::new_usertype(Key&& key, Arg&& arg, Args&&... args) {
+		constexpr automagic_flags enrollment_flags = meta::any_same_v<no_construction, meta::unqualified_t<Arg>, meta::unqualified_t<Args>...>
+		     ? clear_flags(automagic_flags::all, automagic_flags::default_constructor)
+		     : automagic_flags::all;
+		constant_automagic_enrollments<enrollment_flags> enrollments;
+		enrollments.default_constructor = !detail::any_is_constructor_v<Arg, Args...>;
+		enrollments.destructor = !detail::any_is_destructor_v<Arg, Args...>;
+		usertype<Class> ut = this->new_usertype<Class>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::move(enrollments));
+		static_assert(sizeof...(Args) % 2 == static_cast<std::size_t>(!detail::any_is_constructor_v<Arg>),
+		     "you must pass an even number of arguments to new_usertype after first passing a constructor");
+		if constexpr (detail::any_is_constructor_v<Arg>) {
+			ut.set(meta_function::construct, std::forward<Arg>(arg));
+			ut.tuple_set(std::make_index_sequence<(sizeof...(Args)) / 2>(), std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+		else {
+			ut.tuple_set(std::make_index_sequence<(sizeof...(Args) + 1) / 2>(), std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Arg>(arg), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		}
+		return ut;
+	}
+
+	template <typename base_type>
+	template <typename Key, typename Value>
+	basic_metatable<base_type>& basic_metatable<base_type>::set(Key&& key, Value&& value) {
+		this->push();
+		lua_State* L = this->lua_state();
+		int target = lua_gettop(L);
+		optional<u_detail::usertype_storage_base&> maybe_uts = nullopt;
+		maybe_uts = u_detail::maybe_get_usertype_storage_base(L, target);
+		if (maybe_uts) {
+			u_detail::usertype_storage_base& uts = *maybe_uts;
+			uts.set(L, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+			return *this;
+		}
+		else {
+			base_t::set(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+		}
+		this->pop();
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_getter<metatable_key_t> {
+			static metatable get(lua_State* L, int index = -1) {
+				if (lua_getmetatable(L, index) == 0) {
+					return metatable(L, ref_index(LUA_REFNIL));
+				}
+				return metatable(L, -1);
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/table.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/state.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/state_view.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/environment.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename base_type>
+	struct basic_environment : basic_table<base_type> {
+	private:
+		typedef basic_table<base_type> base_t;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_environment() noexcept = default;
+		basic_environment(const basic_environment&) = default;
+		basic_environment(basic_environment&&) = default;
+		basic_environment& operator=(const basic_environment&) = default;
+		basic_environment& operator=(basic_environment&&) = default;
+		basic_environment(const stack_reference& r) : basic_environment(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_environment(stack_reference&& r) : basic_environment(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+
+		basic_environment(lua_State* L, new_table nt) : base_t(L, std::move(nt)) {
+		}
+		template <bool b>
+		basic_environment(lua_State* L, new_table t, const basic_reference<b>& fallback) : basic_environment(L, std::move(t)) {
+			stack_table mt(L, new_table(0, 1));
+			mt.set(meta_function::index, fallback);
+			this->set(metatable_key, mt);
+			mt.pop();
+		}
+
+		basic_environment(env_key_t, const stack_reference& extraction_target)
+		: base_t(detail::no_safety, extraction_target.lua_state(), (stack::push_environment_of(extraction_target), -1)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<env_key_t>(this->lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+			lua_pop(this->lua_state(), 1);
+		}
+		template <bool b>
+		basic_environment(env_key_t, const basic_reference<b>& extraction_target)
+		: base_t(detail::no_safety, extraction_target.lua_state(), (stack::push_environment_of(extraction_target), -1)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<env_key_t>(this->lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+			lua_pop(this->lua_state(), 1);
+		}
+		basic_environment(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_environment>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_environment(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_environment>(L, -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_environment>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_type, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_environment(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(detail::no_safety, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_environment<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				constructor_handler handler {};
+				stack::check<basic_environment>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_environment(lua_nil_t r) noexcept : base_t(detail::no_safety, r) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_environment(lua_State* L, T&& r) noexcept : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_environment<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				constructor_handler handler {};
+				stack::check<basic_environment>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool set_on(const T& target) const {
+			lua_State* L = target.lua_state();
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(target);
+			int target_index = pp.index_of(target);
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ < 502
+			// Use lua_setfenv
+			this->push();
+			int success_result = lua_setfenv(L, target_index);
+			return success_result != 0;
+#else
+			// If this is a C function, the environment is always placed in
+			// the first value, as is expected of sol2 (all upvalues have an empty name, "")
+			if (lua_iscfunction(L, target_index) != 0) {
+				const char* maybe_upvalue_name = lua_getupvalue(L, target_index, 1);
+				if (maybe_upvalue_name == nullptr) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				string_view upvalue_name(maybe_upvalue_name);
+				if (upvalue_name == "") {
+					this->push();
+					const char* success = lua_setupvalue(L, target_index, 1);
+					if (success == nullptr) {
+						// left things alone on the stack, pop them off
+						lua_pop(L, 2);
+						return false;
+					}
+					lua_pop(L, 1);
+					return true;
+				}
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+				return false;
+			}
+			else {
+				// Must search for the right upvalue target on index
+				for (int upvalue_index = 1;; ++upvalue_index) {
+					const char* maybe_upvalue_name = lua_getupvalue(L, target_index, upvalue_index);
+					if (maybe_upvalue_name == nullptr) {
+						break;
+					}
+					string_view upvalue_name(maybe_upvalue_name);
+					if (upvalue_name == "_ENV") {
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						this->push();
+						const char* success = lua_setupvalue(L, target_index, upvalue_index);
+						if (success == nullptr) {
+							// left things alone on the stack, pop them off
+							lua_pop(L, 1);
+							break;
+						}
+						// whether or not we succeeded, we found _ENV
+						// so we need to break
+						return true;
+					}
+					lua_pop(L, 1);
+				}
+				// if we get here,
+				// we did not find an _ENV here...
+				return false;
+			}
+#endif
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename T, typename E>
+	bool set_environment(const basic_environment<E>& env, const T& target) {
+		return env.set_on(target);
+	}
+
+	template <typename E = reference, typename T>
+	basic_environment<E> get_environment(const T& target) {
+		lua_State* L = target.lua_state();
+		auto pp = stack::pop_n(L, stack::push_environment_of(target));
+		return basic_environment<E>(L, -1);
+	}
+
+	struct this_environment {
+		optional<environment> env;
+
+		this_environment() : env(nullopt) {
+		}
+		this_environment(environment e) : env(std::move(e)) {
+		}
+		this_environment(const this_environment&) = default;
+		this_environment(this_environment&&) = default;
+		this_environment& operator=(const this_environment&) = default;
+		this_environment& operator=(this_environment&&) = default;
+
+		explicit operator bool() const {
+			return static_cast<bool>(env);
+		}
+
+		operator optional<environment>&() {
+			return env;
+		}
+
+		operator const optional<environment>&() const {
+			return env;
+		}
+
+		operator environment&() {
+			return env.value();
+		}
+
+		operator const environment&() const {
+			return env.value();
+		}
+	};
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_getter<env_key_t> {
+			static environment get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				return get_environment(stack_reference(L, raw_index(index)));
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_getter<this_environment> {
+			static this_environment get(lua_State* L, int, record& tracking) {
+				tracking.use(0);
+				lua_Debug info;
+				// Level 0 means current function (this C function, which may or may not be useful for us?)
+				// Level 1 means next call frame up the stack. (Can be nothing if function called directly from C++ with lua_p/call)
+				int pre_stack_size = lua_gettop(L);
+				if (lua_getstack(L, 1, &info) != 1) {
+					if (lua_getstack(L, 0, &info) != 1) {
+						lua_settop(L, pre_stack_size);
+						return this_environment();
+					}
+				}
+				if (lua_getinfo(L, "f", &info) == 0) {
+					lua_settop(L, pre_stack_size);
+					return this_environment();
+				}
+
+				stack_reference f(L, -1);
+				environment env(env_key, f);
+				if (!env.valid()) {
+					lua_settop(L, pre_stack_size);
+					return this_environment();
+				}
+				return this_environment(std::move(env));
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/environment.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/load_result.hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct load_result : public proxy_base<load_result> {
+	private:
+		lua_State* L;
+		int index;
+		int returncount;
+		int popcount;
+		load_status err;
+
+	public:
+		load_result() noexcept : load_result(nullptr) {}
+		load_result(lua_State* Ls, int stackindex = -1, int retnum = 0, int popnum = 0, load_status lerr = load_status::ok) noexcept
+		: L(Ls), index(stackindex), returncount(retnum), popcount(popnum), err(lerr) {
+		}
+
+		// We do not want anyone to copy these around willy-nilly
+		// Will likely break people, but also will probably get rid of quiet bugs that have
+		// been lurking. (E.g., Vanilla Lua will just quietly discard over-pops and under-pops:
+		// LuaJIT and other Lua engines will implode and segfault at random later times.)
+		load_result(const load_result&) = delete;
+		load_result& operator=(const load_result&) = delete;
+
+		load_result(load_result&& o) noexcept : L(o.L), index(o.index), returncount(o.returncount), popcount(o.popcount), err(o.err) {
+			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+			// but we will be thorough
+			o.L = nullptr;
+			o.index = 0;
+			o.returncount = 0;
+			o.popcount = 0;
+			o.err = load_status::syntax;
+		}
+		load_result& operator=(load_result&& o) noexcept {
+			L = o.L;
+			index = o.index;
+			returncount = o.returncount;
+			popcount = o.popcount;
+			err = o.err;
+			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+			// but we will be thorough
+			o.L = nullptr;
+			o.index = 0;
+			o.returncount = 0;
+			o.popcount = 0;
+			o.err = load_status::syntax;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		load_status status() const noexcept {
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		bool valid() const noexcept {
+			return status() == load_status::ok;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		T get() const {
+			using UT = meta::unqualified_t<T>;
+			if constexpr (meta::is_optional_v<UT>) {
+				using ValueType = typename UT::value_type;
+				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ValueType, error>) {
+					if (valid()) {
+						return UT(nullopt);
+					}
+					return error(detail::direct_error, stack::get<std::string>(L, index));
+				}
+				else {
+					if (!valid()) {
+						return UT(nullopt);
+					}
+					return stack::get<UT>(L, index);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, error>) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_PROXIES)
+					if (valid()) {
+						type_panic_c_str(L, index, type_of(L, index), type::none, "expecting an error type (a string, from Lua)");
+					}
+#endif // Check proxy type's safety
+					return error(detail::direct_error, stack::get<std::string>(L, index));
+				}
+				else {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_PROXIES)
+					if (!valid()) {
+						type_panic_c_str(L, index, type_of(L, index), type::none);
+					}
+#endif // Check proxy type's safety
+					return stack::get<T>(L, index);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) {
+			return get<protected_function>().template call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) {
+			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return L;
+		};
+		int stack_index() const noexcept {
+			return index;
+		};
+
+		~load_result() {
+			if (L != nullptr) {
+				stack::remove(L, index, popcount);
+			}
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/load_result.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/state_handling.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/lua_value.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct lua_value {
+	public:
+		struct arr : detail::ebco<std::initializer_list<lua_value>> {
+		private:
+			using base_t = detail::ebco<std::initializer_list<lua_value>>;
+
+		public:
+			using base_t::base_t;
+		};
+
+	private:
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_reference_or_lua_value_init_list
+		     = meta::any<meta::is_specialization_of<T, std::initializer_list>, std::is_same<T, reference>, std::is_same<T, arr>>;
+
+		template <typename T>
+		using is_lua_value_single_constructible = meta::any<std::is_same<T, lua_value>, is_reference_or_lua_value_init_list<T>>;
+
+		static lua_State*& thread_local_lua_state() {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_THREAD_LOCAL)
+			static thread_local lua_State* L = nullptr;
+#else
+			static lua_State* L = nullptr;
+#endif
+			return L;
+		}
+
+		reference ref_value;
+
+	public:
+		static void set_lua_state(lua_State* L) {
+			thread_local_lua_state() = L;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, meta::disable<is_reference_or_lua_value_init_list<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		lua_value(lua_State* L_, T&& value) : lua_value(((set_lua_state(L_)), std::forward<T>(value))) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, meta::disable<is_lua_value_single_constructible<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		lua_value(T&& value) : ref_value(make_reference(thread_local_lua_state(), std::forward<T>(value))) {
+		}
+
+		lua_value(lua_State* L_, std::initializer_list<std::pair<lua_value, lua_value>> il)
+		: lua_value([&L_, &il]() {
+			set_lua_state(L_);
+			return std::move(il);
+		}()) {
+		}
+
+		lua_value(std::initializer_list<std::pair<lua_value, lua_value>> il) : ref_value(make_reference(thread_local_lua_state(), std::move(il))) {
+		}
+
+		lua_value(lua_State* L_, arr il)
+		: lua_value([&L_, &il]() {
+			set_lua_state(L_);
+			return std::move(il);
+		}()) {
+		}
+
+		lua_value(arr il) : ref_value(make_reference(thread_local_lua_state(), std::move(il.value()))) {
+		}
+
+		lua_value(lua_State* L_, reference r)
+		: lua_value([&L_, &r]() {
+			set_lua_state(L_);
+			return std::move(r);
+		}()) {
+		}
+
+		lua_value(reference r) : ref_value(std::move(r)) {
+		}
+
+		lua_value(const lua_value&) noexcept = default;
+		lua_value(lua_value&&) = default;
+		lua_value& operator=(const lua_value&) = default;
+		lua_value& operator=(lua_value&&) = default;
+
+		const reference& value() const& {
+			return ref_value;
+		}
+
+		reference& value() & {
+			return ref_value;
+		}
+
+		reference&& value() && {
+			return std::move(ref_value);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) as() const {
+			ref_value.push();
+			return stack::pop<T>(ref_value.lua_state());
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		bool is() const {
+			int r = ref_value.registry_index();
+			if (r == LUA_REFNIL)
+				return meta::any_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, lua_nil_t, nullopt_t, std::nullptr_t>::value ? true : false;
+			if (r == LUA_NOREF)
+				return false;
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(ref_value);
+			return stack::check<T>(ref_value.lua_state(), -1, &no_panic);
+		}
+	};
+
+	using array_value = typename lua_value::arr;
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<lua_value> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const lua_value& lv) {
+				return stack::push(L, lv.value());
+			}
+
+			static int push(lua_State* L, lua_value&& lv) {
+				return stack::push(L, std::move(lv).value());
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_getter<lua_value> {
+			static lua_value get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				return lua_value(L, stack::get<reference>(L, index, tracking));
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/lua_value.hpp
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PRINT_ERRORS)
+#include <iostream>
+#endif
+
+namespace sol {
+	inline void register_main_thread(lua_State* L) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ < 502
+		if (L == nullptr) {
+			lua_pushnil(L);
+			lua_setglobal(L, detail::default_main_thread_name());
+			return;
+		}
+		lua_pushthread(L);
+		lua_setglobal(L, detail::default_main_thread_name());
+#else
+		(void)L;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	inline int default_at_panic(lua_State* L) {
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+		(void)L;
+		return -1;
+#else
+		size_t messagesize;
+		const char* message = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &messagesize);
+		if (message) {
+			std::string err(message, messagesize);
+			lua_settop(L, 0);
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PRINT_ERRORS)
+			std::cerr << "[sol2] An error occurred and panic has been invoked: ";
+			std::cerr << err;
+			std::cerr << std::endl;
+#endif
+			throw error(err);
+		}
+		lua_settop(L, 0);
+		throw error(std::string("An unexpected error occurred and panic has been invoked"));
+#endif // Printing Errors
+	}
+
+	inline int default_traceback_error_handler(lua_State* L) {
+		std::string msg = "An unknown error has triggered the default error handler";
+		optional<string_view> maybetopmsg = stack::unqualified_check_get<string_view>(L, 1, &no_panic);
+		if (maybetopmsg) {
+			const string_view& topmsg = maybetopmsg.value();
+			msg.assign(topmsg.data(), topmsg.size());
+		}
+		luaL_traceback(L, L, msg.c_str(), 1);
+		optional<string_view> maybetraceback = stack::unqualified_check_get<string_view>(L, -1, &no_panic);
+		if (maybetraceback) {
+			const string_view& traceback = maybetraceback.value();
+			msg.assign(traceback.data(), traceback.size());
+		}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PRINT_ERRORS)
+		// std::cerr << "[sol2] An error occurred and was caught in traceback: ";
+		// std::cerr << msg;
+		// std::cerr << std::endl;
+#endif // Printing
+		return stack::push(L, msg);
+	}
+
+	inline void set_default_state(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction panic_function = &default_at_panic,
+	     lua_CFunction traceback_function = c_call<decltype(&default_traceback_error_handler), &default_traceback_error_handler>,
+	     exception_handler_function exf = detail::default_exception_handler) {
+		lua_atpanic(L, panic_function);
+		protected_function::set_default_handler(object(L, in_place, traceback_function));
+		set_default_exception_handler(L, exf);
+		register_main_thread(L);
+		stack::luajit_exception_handler(L);
+		lua_value::set_lua_state(L);
+	}
+
+	inline std::size_t total_memory_used(lua_State* L) {
+		std::size_t kb = static_cast<std::size_t>(lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNT, 0));
+		kb *= 1024;
+		kb += static_cast<std::size_t>(lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0));
+		return kb;
+	}
+
+	inline protected_function_result script_pass_on_error(lua_State*, protected_function_result result) {
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	inline protected_function_result script_throw_on_error(lua_State* L, protected_function_result result) {
+		type t = type_of(L, result.stack_index());
+		std::string err = "sol: ";
+		err += to_string(result.status());
+		err += " error";
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+		std::exception_ptr eptr = std::current_exception();
+		if (eptr) {
+			err += " with a ";
+			try {
+				std::rethrow_exception(eptr);
+			}
+			catch (const std::exception& ex) {
+				err += "std::exception -- ";
+				err.append(ex.what());
+			}
+			catch (const std::string& message) {
+				err += "thrown message -- ";
+				err.append(message);
+			}
+			catch (const char* message) {
+				err += "thrown message -- ";
+				err.append(message);
+			}
+			catch (...) {
+				err.append("thrown but unknown type, cannot serialize into error message");
+			}
+		}
+#endif // serialize exception information if possible
+		if (t == type::string) {
+			err += ": ";
+			string_view serr = stack::unqualified_get<string_view>(L, result.stack_index());
+			err.append(serr.data(), serr.size());
+		}
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_PRINT_ERRORS)
+		std::cerr << "[sol2] An error occurred and has been passed to an error handler: ";
+		std::cerr << err;
+		std::cerr << std::endl;
+#endif
+		// replacing information of stack error into pfr
+		int target = result.stack_index();
+		if (result.pop_count() > 0) {
+			stack::remove(L, target, result.pop_count());
+		}
+		stack::push(L, err);
+		int top = lua_gettop(L);
+		int towards = top - target;
+		if (towards != 0) {
+			lua_rotate(L, top, towards);
+		}
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_EXCEPTIONS)
+		return result;
+#else
+		// just throw our error
+		throw error(detail::direct_error, err);
+#endif // If exceptions are allowed
+	}
+
+	inline protected_function_result script_default_on_error(lua_State* L, protected_function_result pfr) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_DEFAULT_PASS_ON_ERROR)
+		return script_pass_on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
+#else
+		return script_throw_on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
+#endif
+	}
+
+	namespace stack {
+		inline error get_traceback_or_errors(lua_State* L) {
+			int p = default_traceback_error_handler(L);
+			sol::error err = stack::get<sol::error>(L, -p);
+			lua_pop(L, p);
+			return err;
+		}
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/state_handling.hpp
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	class state_view {
+	private:
+		lua_State* L;
+		table reg;
+		global_table global;
+
+		optional<object> is_loaded_package(const std::string& key) {
+			auto loaded = reg.traverse_get<optional<object>>("_LOADED", key);
+			bool is53mod = loaded && !(loaded->is<bool>() && !loaded->as<bool>());
+			if (is53mod)
+				return loaded;
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ <= 501
+			auto loaded51 = global.traverse_get<optional<object>>("package", "loaded", key);
+			bool is51mod = loaded51 && !(loaded51->is<bool>() && !loaded51->as<bool>());
+			if (is51mod)
+				return loaded51;
+#endif
+			return nullopt;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		void ensure_package(const std::string& key, T&& sr) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ <= 501
+			auto pkg = global["package"];
+			if (!pkg.valid()) {
+				pkg = create_table_with("loaded", create_table_with(key, sr));
+			}
+			else {
+				auto ld = pkg["loaded"];
+				if (!ld.valid()) {
+					ld = create_table_with(key, sr);
+				}
+				else {
+					ld[key] = sr;
+				}
+			}
+#endif
+			auto loaded = reg["_LOADED"];
+			if (!loaded.valid()) {
+				loaded = create_table_with(key, sr);
+			}
+			else {
+				loaded[key] = sr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		object require_core(const std::string& key, Fx&& action, bool create_global = true) {
+			optional<object> loaded = is_loaded_package(key);
+			if (loaded && loaded->valid())
+				return std::move(*loaded);
+			int before = lua_gettop(L);
+			action();
+			int after = lua_gettop(L);
+			if (before == after) {
+				// I mean, you were supposed to return
+				// something, ANYTHING, from your requires script. I guess I'll just
+				// but some trash in here, it's on you after that?
+				ensure_package(key, static_cast<void*>(L));
+				return object(L, lua_nil);
+			}
+			stack_reference sr(L, -1);
+			if (create_global)
+				set(key, sr);
+			ensure_package(key, sr);
+			return stack::pop<object>(L);
+		}
+
+	public:
+		using iterator = typename global_table::iterator;
+		using const_iterator = typename global_table::const_iterator;
+
+		state_view(lua_State* Ls) : L(Ls), reg(Ls, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX), global(Ls, global_tag) {
+		}
+
+		state_view(this_state Ls) : state_view(Ls.L) {
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const {
+			return L;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		void open_libraries(Args&&... args) {
+			static_assert(meta::all_same<lib, meta::unqualified_t<Args>...>::value, "all types must be libraries");
+			if constexpr (sizeof...(args) == 0) {
+				luaL_openlibs(L);
+				return;
+			}
+			else {
+				lib libraries[1 + sizeof...(args)] = { lib::count, std::forward<Args>(args)... };
+
+				for (auto&& library : libraries) {
+					switch (library) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ <= 501 && SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+					case lib::coroutine:
+#endif // luajit opens coroutine base stuff
+					case lib::base:
+						luaL_requiref(L, "base", luaopen_base, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						break;
+					case lib::package:
+						luaL_requiref(L, "package", luaopen_package, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						break;
+#if SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+					case lib::coroutine:
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ > 501
+						luaL_requiref(L, "coroutine", luaopen_coroutine, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+#endif // Lua 5.2+ only
+						break;
+#endif // Not LuaJIT - comes builtin
+					case lib::string:
+						luaL_requiref(L, "string", luaopen_string, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						break;
+					case lib::table:
+						luaL_requiref(L, "table", luaopen_table, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						break;
+					case lib::math:
+						luaL_requiref(L, "math", luaopen_math, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						break;
+					case lib::bit32:
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+						luaL_requiref(L, "bit32", luaopen_bit, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_LUA_BIT32_LIB)
+						luaL_requiref(L, "bit32", luaopen_bit32, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+#else
+#endif
+						break;
+					case lib::io:
+						luaL_requiref(L, "io", luaopen_io, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						break;
+					case lib::os:
+						luaL_requiref(L, "os", luaopen_os, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						break;
+					case lib::debug:
+						luaL_requiref(L, "debug", luaopen_debug, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+						break;
+					case lib::utf8:
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ > 502 && SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+						luaL_requiref(L, "utf8", luaopen_utf8, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+#endif // Lua 5.3+ only
+						break;
+					case lib::ffi:
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT) && SOL_IS_OFF(SOL_LUAJIT_FFI_DISABLED)
+						luaL_requiref(L, "ffi", luaopen_ffi, 1);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+#endif // LuaJIT only
+						break;
+					case lib::jit:
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_USE_LUAJIT)
+						luaL_requiref(L, "jit", luaopen_jit, 0);
+						lua_pop(L, 1);
+#endif // LuaJIT Only
+						break;
+					case lib::count:
+					default:
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		object require(const std::string& key, lua_CFunction open_function, bool create_global = true) {
+			luaL_requiref(L, key.c_str(), open_function, create_global ? 1 : 0);
+			return stack::pop<object>(L);
+		}
+
+		object require_script(const std::string& key, const string_view& code, bool create_global = true,
+		     const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			auto action = [this, &code, &chunkname, &mode]() { stack::script(L, code, chunkname, mode); };
+			return require_core(key, action, create_global);
+		}
+
+		object require_file(const std::string& key, const std::string& filename, bool create_global = true, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			auto action = [this, &filename, &mode]() { stack::script_file(L, filename, mode); };
+			return require_core(key, action, create_global);
+		}
+
+		void clear_package_loaders() {
+			optional<table> maybe_package = this->global["package"];
+			if (!maybe_package) {
+				// package lib wasn't opened
+				// open package lib
+				return;
+			}
+			table& package = *maybe_package;
+			// yay for version differences...
+			// one day Lua 5.1 will die a peaceful death
+			// and its old bones will find blissful rest
+			auto loaders_proxy = package
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ < 502
+			     ["loaders"]
+#else
+			     ["searchers"]
+#endif
+			     ;
+			if (!loaders_proxy.valid()) {
+				// nothing to clear
+				return;
+			}
+			// we need to create the table for loaders
+			// table does not exist, so create and move forward
+			loaders_proxy = new_table(1, 0);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		void add_package_loader(Fx&& fx, bool clear_all_package_loaders = false) {
+			optional<table> maybe_package = this->global["package"];
+			if (!maybe_package) {
+				// package lib wasn't opened
+				// open package lib
+				return;
+			}
+			table& package = *maybe_package;
+			// yay for version differences...
+			// one day Lua 5.1 will die a peaceful death
+			// and its old bones will find blissful rest
+			auto loaders_proxy = package
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ < 502
+			     ["loaders"]
+#else
+			     ["searchers"]
+#endif
+			     ;
+			bool make_new_table = clear_all_package_loaders || !loaders_proxy.valid();
+			if (make_new_table) {
+				// we need to create the table for loaders
+				// table does not exist, so create and move forward
+				loaders_proxy = new_table(1, 0);
+			}
+			optional<table> maybe_loaders = loaders_proxy;
+			if (!maybe_loaders) {
+				// loaders/searches
+				// thing exists in package, but it
+				// ain't a table or a table-alike...!
+				return;
+			}
+			table loaders = loaders_proxy;
+			loaders.add(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+		}
+
+		template <typename E>
+		protected_function_result do_reader(lua_Reader reader, void* data, const basic_environment<E>& env,
+		     const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name("lua_Reader", chunkname, basechunkname);
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(lua_load(L, reader, data, chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			if (x != load_status::ok) {
+				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
+			}
+			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
+			set_environment(env, pf);
+			return pf();
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result do_reader(
+		     lua_Reader reader, void* data, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name("lua_Reader", chunkname, basechunkname);
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(lua_load(L, reader, data, chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			if (x != load_status::ok) {
+				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
+			}
+			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
+			return pf();
+		}
+
+		template <typename E>
+		protected_function_result do_string(const string_view& code, const basic_environment<E>& env,
+		     const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			if (x != load_status::ok) {
+				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
+			}
+			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
+			set_environment(env, pf);
+			return pf();
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result do_string(
+		     const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			if (x != load_status::ok) {
+				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
+			}
+			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
+			return pf();
+		}
+
+		template <typename E>
+		protected_function_result do_file(const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			if (x != load_status::ok) {
+				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
+			}
+			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
+			set_environment(env, pf);
+			return pf();
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result do_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			if (x != load_status::ok) {
+				return protected_function_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 0, 1, static_cast<call_status>(x));
+			}
+			stack_aligned_protected_function pf(L, -1);
+			return pf();
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx,
+		     meta::disable_any<meta::is_string_constructible<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>,
+		          meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, basic_environment>> = meta::enabler>
+		protected_function_result safe_script(
+		     lua_Reader reader, void* data, Fx&& on_error, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			protected_function_result pfr = do_reader(reader, data, chunkname, mode);
+			if (!pfr.valid()) {
+				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
+			}
+			return pfr;
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result safe_script(
+		     lua_Reader reader, void* data, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script(reader, data, script_default_on_error, chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx,
+		     meta::disable_any<meta::is_string_constructible<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>,
+		          meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, basic_environment>> = meta::enabler>
+		protected_function_result safe_script(
+		     const string_view& code, Fx&& on_error, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			protected_function_result pfr = do_string(code, chunkname, mode);
+			if (!pfr.valid()) {
+				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
+			}
+			return pfr;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename E>
+		protected_function_result safe_script(const string_view& code, const basic_environment<E>& env, Fx&& on_error,
+		     const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			protected_function_result pfr = do_string(code, env, chunkname, mode);
+			if (!pfr.valid()) {
+				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
+			}
+			return pfr;
+		}
+
+		template <typename E>
+		protected_function_result safe_script(const string_view& code, const basic_environment<E>& env,
+		     const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script(code, env, script_default_on_error, chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result safe_script(
+		     const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script(code, script_default_on_error, chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx,
+		     meta::disable_any<meta::is_string_constructible<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>,
+		          meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, basic_environment>> = meta::enabler>
+		protected_function_result safe_script_file(const std::string& filename, Fx&& on_error, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			protected_function_result pfr = do_file(filename, mode);
+			if (!pfr.valid()) {
+				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
+			}
+			return pfr;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename E>
+		protected_function_result safe_script_file(
+		     const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, Fx&& on_error, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			protected_function_result pfr = do_file(filename, env, mode);
+			if (!pfr.valid()) {
+				return on_error(L, std::move(pfr));
+			}
+			return pfr;
+		}
+
+		template <typename E>
+		protected_function_result safe_script_file(const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script_file(filename, env, script_default_on_error, mode);
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result safe_script_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script_file(filename, script_default_on_error, mode);
+		}
+
+		template <typename E>
+		unsafe_function_result unsafe_script(lua_Reader reader, void* data, const basic_environment<E>& env,
+		     const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name("lua_Reader", chunkname, basechunkname);
+			int index = lua_gettop(L);
+			if (lua_load(L, reader, data, chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str())) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+			set_environment(env, stack_reference(L, raw_index(index + 1)));
+			if (lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
+			int returns = postindex - index;
+			return unsafe_function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
+		}
+
+		unsafe_function_result unsafe_script(
+		     lua_Reader reader, void* data, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			int index = lua_gettop(L);
+			stack::script(L, reader, data, chunkname, mode);
+			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
+			int returns = postindex - index;
+			return unsafe_function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
+		}
+
+		template <typename E>
+		unsafe_function_result unsafe_script(const string_view& code, const basic_environment<E>& env,
+		     const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
+			int index = lua_gettop(L);
+			if (luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str())) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+			set_environment(env, stack_reference(L, raw_index(index + 1)));
+			if (lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
+			int returns = postindex - index;
+			return unsafe_function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
+		}
+
+		unsafe_function_result unsafe_script(
+		     const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			int index = lua_gettop(L);
+			stack::script(L, code, chunkname, mode);
+			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
+			int returns = postindex - index;
+			return unsafe_function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
+		}
+
+		template <typename E>
+		unsafe_function_result unsafe_script_file(const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			int index = lua_gettop(L);
+			if (luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str())) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+			set_environment(env, stack_reference(L, raw_index(index + 1)));
+			if (lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0)) {
+				lua_error(L);
+			}
+			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
+			int returns = postindex - index;
+			return unsafe_function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
+		}
+
+		unsafe_function_result unsafe_script_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			int index = lua_gettop(L);
+			stack::script_file(L, filename, mode);
+			int postindex = lua_gettop(L);
+			int returns = postindex - index;
+			return unsafe_function_result(L, (std::max)(postindex - (returns - 1), 1), returns);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx,
+		     meta::disable_any<meta::is_string_constructible<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>,
+		          meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, basic_environment>> = meta::enabler>
+		protected_function_result script(
+		     const string_view& code, Fx&& on_error, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script(code, std::forward<Fx>(on_error), chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx,
+		     meta::disable_any<meta::is_string_constructible<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>>,
+		          meta::is_specialization_of<meta::unqualified_t<Fx>, basic_environment>> = meta::enabler>
+		protected_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, Fx&& on_error, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script_file(filename, std::forward<Fx>(on_error), mode);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename E>
+		protected_function_result script(const string_view& code, const basic_environment<E>& env, Fx&& on_error,
+		     const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script(code, env, std::forward<Fx>(on_error), chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx, typename E>
+		protected_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, const basic_environment<E>& env, Fx&& on_error, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script_file(filename, env, std::forward<Fx>(on_error), mode);
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result script(
+		     const string_view& code, const environment& env, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script(code, env, script_default_on_error, chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, const environment& env, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script_file(filename, env, script_default_on_error, mode);
+		}
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_FUNCTION_OBJECTS)
+		protected_function_result script(
+		     lua_Reader reader, void* data, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script(reader, data, chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result script(
+		     const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script(code, chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return safe_script_file(filename, mode);
+		}
+#else
+		unsafe_function_result script(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return unsafe_script(code, chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		unsafe_function_result script_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return unsafe_script_file(filename, mode);
+		}
+#endif
+		load_result load(const string_view& code, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name(code, chunkname, basechunkname);
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadbufferx(L, code.data(), code.size(), chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			return load_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 1, 1, x);
+		}
+
+		load_result load_buffer(const char* buff, size_t size, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return load(string_view(buff, size), chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		load_result load_buffer(
+		     const std::byte* buff, size_t size, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			return load(string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buff), size), chunkname, mode);
+		}
+
+		load_result load_file(const std::string& filename, load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(luaL_loadfilex(L, filename.c_str(), to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			return load_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 1, 1, x);
+		}
+
+		load_result load(lua_Reader reader, void* data, const std::string& chunkname = detail::default_chunk_name(), load_mode mode = load_mode::any) {
+			detail::typical_chunk_name_t basechunkname = {};
+			const char* chunknametarget = detail::make_chunk_name("lua_Reader", chunkname, basechunkname);
+			load_status x = static_cast<load_status>(lua_load(L, reader, data, chunknametarget, to_string(mode).c_str()));
+			return load_result(L, absolute_index(L, -1), 1, 1, x);
+		}
+
+		iterator begin() const {
+			return global.begin();
+		}
+
+		iterator end() const {
+			return global.end();
+		}
+
+		const_iterator cbegin() const {
+			return global.cbegin();
+		}
+
+		const_iterator cend() const {
+			return global.cend();
+		}
+
+		global_table globals() const {
+			// if we return a reference
+			// we'll be screwed a bit
+			return global;
+		}
+
+		global_table& globals() {
+			return global;
+		}
+
+		table registry() const {
+			return reg;
+		}
+
+		std::size_t memory_used() const {
+			return total_memory_used(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		int stack_top() const {
+			return stack::top(L);
+		}
+
+		int stack_clear() {
+			int s = stack_top();
+			lua_pop(L, s);
+			return s;
+		}
+
+		bool supports_gc_mode(gc_mode mode) const noexcept {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 504
+			// supports all modes
+			(void)mode;
+			return true;
+#endif
+			return mode == gc_mode::default_value;
+		}
+
+		bool is_gc_on() const {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 502
+			return lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCISRUNNING, 0) == 1;
+#else
+			// You cannot turn it off in Lua 5.1
+			return true;
+#endif
+		}
+
+		void collect_garbage() {
+			lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCCOLLECT, 0);
+		}
+
+		void collect_gc() {
+			collect_garbage();
+		}
+
+		bool step_gc(int step_size_kilobytes) {
+			// THOUGHT: std::chrono-alikes to map "kilobyte size" here...?
+			// Make it harder to give MB or KB to a B parameter...?
+			// Probably overkill for now.
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 504
+			// The manual implies that this function is almost always successful...
+			// is it?? It could depend on the GC mode...
+			return lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCSTEP, step_size_kilobytes) != 0;
+#else
+			return lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCSTEP, step_size_kilobytes) == 1;
+#endif
+		}
+
+		void restart_gc() {
+			lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCRESTART, 0);
+		}
+
+		void stop_gc() {
+			lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCSTOP, 0);
+		}
+
+		// Returns the old GC mode. Check support using the supports_gc_mode function.
+		gc_mode change_gc_mode_incremental(int pause, int step_multiplier, int step_byte_size) {
+			// "What the fuck does any of this mean??"
+			// http://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#2.5.1
+
+			// THOUGHT: std::chrono-alikes to map "byte size" here...?
+			// Make it harder to give MB or KB to a B parameter...?
+			// Probably overkill for now.
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 504
+			int old_mode = lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCINC, pause, step_multiplier, step_byte_size);
+			if (old_mode == LUA_GCGEN) {
+				return gc_mode::generational;
+			}
+			else if (old_mode == LUA_GCINC) {
+				return gc_mode::incremental;
+			}
+#else
+			lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCSETPAUSE, pause);
+			lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL, step_multiplier);
+			(void)step_byte_size; // means nothing in older versions
+#endif
+			return gc_mode::default_value;
+		}
+
+		// Returns the old GC mode. Check support using the supports_gc_mode function.
+		gc_mode change_gc_mode_generational(int minor_multiplier, int major_multiplier) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 504
+			// "What does this shit mean?"
+			// http://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#2.5.2
+			int old_mode = lua_gc(lua_state(), LUA_GCGEN, minor_multiplier, major_multiplier);
+			if (old_mode == LUA_GCGEN) {
+				return gc_mode::generational;
+			}
+			else if (old_mode == LUA_GCINC) {
+				return gc_mode::incremental;
+			}
+#else
+			(void)minor_multiplier;
+			(void)major_multiplier;
+#endif
+			return gc_mode::default_value;
+		}
+
+		operator lua_State*() const {
+			return lua_state();
+		}
+
+		void set_panic(lua_CFunction panic) {
+			lua_atpanic(lua_state(), panic);
+		}
+
+		void set_exception_handler(exception_handler_function handler) {
+			set_default_exception_handler(lua_state(), handler);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) get(Keys&&... keys) const {
+			return global.get<Args...>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Key>
+		decltype(auto) get_or(Key&& key, T&& otherwise) const {
+			return global.get_or(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<T>(otherwise));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename Key, typename D>
+		decltype(auto) get_or(Key&& key, D&& otherwise) const {
+			return global.get_or<T>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<D>(otherwise));
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		state_view& set(Args&&... args) {
+			global.set(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, typename... Keys>
+		decltype(auto) traverse_get(Keys&&... keys) const {
+			return global.traverse_get<T>(std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		state_view& traverse_set(Args&&... args) {
+			global.traverse_set(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Class, typename... Args>
+		usertype<Class> new_usertype(Args&&... args) {
+			return global.new_usertype<Class>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <bool read_only = true, typename... Args>
+		state_view& new_enum(const string_view& name, Args&&... args) {
+			global.new_enum<read_only>(name, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, bool read_only = true>
+		state_view& new_enum(const string_view& name, std::initializer_list<std::pair<string_view, T>> items) {
+			global.new_enum<T, read_only>(name, std::move(items));
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Fx>
+		void for_each(Fx&& fx) {
+			global.for_each(std::forward<Fx>(fx));
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		table_proxy<global_table&, detail::proxy_key_t<T>> operator[](T&& key) {
+			return global[std::forward<T>(key)];
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		table_proxy<const global_table&, detail::proxy_key_t<T>> operator[](T&& key) const {
+			return global[std::forward<T>(key)];
+		}
+
+		template <typename Sig, typename... Args, typename Key>
+		state_view& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			global.set_function<Sig>(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args, typename Key>
+		state_view& set_function(Key&& key, Args&&... args) {
+			global.set_function(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		template <typename Name>
+		table create_table(Name&& name, int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
+			return global.create(std::forward<Name>(name), narr, nrec);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Name, typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
+		table create_table(Name&& name, int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
+			return global.create(std::forward<Name>(name), narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Name, typename... Args>
+		table create_named_table(Name&& name, Args&&... args) {
+			table x = global.create_with(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			global.set(std::forward<Name>(name), x);
+			return x;
+		}
+
+		table create_table(int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
+			return create_table(lua_state(), narr, nrec);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
+		table create_table(int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
+			return create_table(lua_state(), narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		table create_table_with(Args&&... args) {
+			return create_table_with(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		static inline table create_table(lua_State* L, int narr = 0, int nrec = 0) {
+			return global_table::create(L, narr, nrec);
+		}
+
+		template <typename Key, typename Value, typename... Args>
+		static inline table create_table(lua_State* L, int narr, int nrec, Key&& key, Value&& value, Args&&... args) {
+			return global_table::create(L, narr, nrec, std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		static inline table create_table_with(lua_State* L, Args&&... args) {
+			return global_table::create_with(L, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/state_view.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/thread.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct lua_thread_state {
+		lua_State* L;
+
+		lua_thread_state(lua_State* Ls) : L(Ls) {
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept {
+			return L;
+		}
+		operator lua_State*() const noexcept {
+			return lua_state();
+		}
+		lua_State* operator->() const noexcept {
+			return lua_state();
+		}
+	};
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<lua_thread_state> {
+			int push(lua_State*, lua_thread_state lts) {
+				lua_pushthread(lts.L);
+				return 1;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_getter<lua_thread_state> {
+			lua_thread_state get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				tracking.use(1);
+				lua_thread_state lts(lua_tothread(L, index));
+				return lts;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_check_getter<lua_thread_state> {
+			template <typename Handler>
+			optional<lua_thread_state> get(lua_State* L, int index, Handler&& handler, record& tracking) {
+				lua_thread_state lts(lua_tothread(L, index));
+				if (lts.lua_state() == nullptr) {
+					handler(L, index, type::thread, type_of(L, index), "value is not a valid thread type");
+					return nullopt;
+				}
+				tracking.use(1);
+				return lts;
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+
+	template <typename ref_t>
+	class basic_thread : public basic_object<ref_t> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_object<ref_t>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_thread() noexcept = default;
+		basic_thread(const basic_thread&) = default;
+		basic_thread(basic_thread&&) = default;
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_thread>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_thread(T&& r) : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_thread>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_thread(const stack_reference& r) : basic_thread(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {};
+		basic_thread(stack_reference&& r) : basic_thread(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {};
+		basic_thread& operator=(const basic_thread&) = default;
+		basic_thread& operator=(basic_thread&&) = default;
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_thread(lua_State* L, T&& r) : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_thread>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_thread(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_thread>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_thread(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_thread>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_thread(lua_State* L, lua_State* actualthread) : basic_thread(L, lua_thread_state { actualthread }) {
+		}
+		basic_thread(lua_State* L, this_state actualthread) : basic_thread(L, lua_thread_state { actualthread.L }) {
+		}
+		basic_thread(lua_State* L, lua_thread_state actualthread) : base_t(L, -stack::push(L, actualthread)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_thread>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+			if (!is_stack_based<base_t>::value) {
+				lua_pop(lua_state(), 1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		state_view state() const {
+			return state_view(this->thread_state());
+		}
+
+		bool is_main_thread() const {
+			return stack::is_main_thread(this->thread_state());
+		}
+
+		lua_State* thread_state() const {
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			lua_State* lthread = lua_tothread(lua_state(), -1);
+			return lthread;
+		}
+
+		thread_status status() const {
+			lua_State* lthread = thread_state();
+			auto lstat = static_cast<thread_status>(lua_status(lthread));
+			if (lstat == thread_status::ok) {
+				lua_Debug ar;
+				if (lua_getstack(lthread, 0, &ar) > 0)
+					return thread_status::ok;
+				else if (lua_gettop(lthread) == 0)
+					return thread_status::dead;
+				else
+					return thread_status::yielded;
+			}
+			return lstat;
+		}
+
+		basic_thread create() {
+			return create(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		static basic_thread create(lua_State* L) {
+			lua_newthread(L);
+			basic_thread result(L);
+			if (!is_stack_based<base_t>::value) {
+				lua_pop(L, 1);
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+	};
+
+	typedef basic_thread<reference> thread;
+	typedef basic_thread<stack_reference> stack_thread;
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/thread.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	class state : private std::unique_ptr<lua_State, detail::state_deleter>, public state_view {
+	private:
+		typedef std::unique_ptr<lua_State, detail::state_deleter> unique_base;
+
+	public:
+		state(lua_CFunction panic = default_at_panic) : unique_base(luaL_newstate()), state_view(unique_base::get()) {
+			set_default_state(unique_base::get(), panic);
+		}
+
+		state(lua_CFunction panic, lua_Alloc alfunc, void* alpointer = nullptr)
+		: unique_base(lua_newstate(alfunc, alpointer)), state_view(unique_base::get()) {
+			set_default_state(unique_base::get(), panic);
+		}
+
+		state(const state&) = delete;
+		state(state&&) = default;
+		state& operator=(const state&) = delete;
+		state& operator=(state&& that) {
+			state_view::operator=(std::move(that));
+			unique_base::operator=(std::move(that));
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		using state_view::get;
+
+		~state() {
+		}
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/state.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/coroutine.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename Reference>
+	class basic_coroutine : public basic_object<Reference> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_object<Reference>;
+		using handler_t = reference;
+
+	private:
+		call_status stats = call_status::yielded;
+
+		void luacall(std::ptrdiff_t argcount, std::ptrdiff_t) {
+#if SOL_LUA_VERSION_I_ >= 504
+			int nresults;
+			stats = static_cast<call_status>(lua_resume(lua_state(), nullptr, static_cast<int>(argcount), &nresults));
+#else
+			stats = static_cast<call_status>(lua_resume(lua_state(), nullptr, static_cast<int>(argcount)));
+#endif
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t... I, typename... Ret>
+		auto invoke(types<Ret...>, std::index_sequence<I...>, std::ptrdiff_t n) {
+			luacall(n, sizeof...(Ret));
+			return stack::pop<std::tuple<Ret...>>(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I, typename Ret>
+		Ret invoke(types<Ret>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n) {
+			luacall(n, 1);
+			return stack::pop<Ret>(lua_state());
+		}
+
+		template <std::size_t I>
+		void invoke(types<void>, std::index_sequence<I>, std::ptrdiff_t n) {
+			luacall(n, 0);
+		}
+
+		protected_function_result invoke(types<>, std::index_sequence<>, std::ptrdiff_t n) {
+			int firstreturn = 1;
+			luacall(n, LUA_MULTRET);
+			int poststacksize = lua_gettop(this->lua_state());
+			int returncount = poststacksize - (firstreturn - 1);
+			if (error()) {
+				if (m_error_handler.valid()) {
+					string_view err = stack::get<string_view>(this->lua_state(), poststacksize);
+					m_error_handler.push();
+					stack::push(this->lua_state(), err);
+					lua_call(lua_state(), 1, 1);
+				}
+				return protected_function_result(this->lua_state(), lua_absindex(this->lua_state(), -1), 1, returncount, status());
+			}
+			return protected_function_result(this->lua_state(), firstreturn, returncount, returncount, status());
+		}
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_coroutine() = default;
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_coroutine>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>,
+		          meta::neg<std::is_same<lua_nil_t, meta::unqualified_t<T>>>, is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_coroutine(T&& r) noexcept
+		: base_t(std::forward<T>(r)), m_error_handler(detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(r.lua_state())) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_function<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				constructor_handler handler {};
+				stack::check<basic_coroutine>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		basic_coroutine(const basic_coroutine& other) = default;
+		basic_coroutine& operator=(const basic_coroutine&) = default;
+
+		basic_coroutine(basic_coroutine&& other) noexcept : base_t(std::move(other)), m_error_handler(this->lua_state(), std::move(other.m_error_handler)) {
+		}
+
+		basic_coroutine& operator=(basic_coroutine&& other) noexcept {
+			base_t::operator=(std::move(other));
+			// must change the state, since it could change on the coroutine type
+			m_error_handler = handler_t(this->lua_state(), std::move(other.m_error_handler));
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		basic_coroutine(const basic_function<base_t>& b) noexcept
+		: basic_coroutine(b, detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(b.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(basic_function<base_t>&& b) noexcept
+		: basic_coroutine(std::move(b), detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(b.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(const basic_function<base_t>& b, handler_t eh) noexcept : base_t(b), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(basic_function<base_t>&& b, handler_t eh) noexcept : base_t(std::move(b)), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(const stack_reference& r) noexcept
+		: basic_coroutine(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(r.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(stack_reference&& r) noexcept
+		: basic_coroutine(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(r.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(const stack_reference& r, handler_t eh) noexcept : basic_coroutine(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), std::move(eh)) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(stack_reference&& r, handler_t eh) noexcept : basic_coroutine(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index(), std::move(eh)) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_coroutine(const proxy_base<Super>& p)
+		: basic_coroutine(p, detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(p.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		template <typename Super>
+		basic_coroutine(proxy_base<Super>&& p)
+		: basic_coroutine(std::move(p), detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(p.lua_state())) {
+		}
+		template <typename Proxy, typename HandlerReference,
+		     meta::enable<std::is_base_of<proxy_base_tag, meta::unqualified_t<Proxy>>,
+		          meta::neg<is_lua_index<meta::unqualified_t<HandlerReference>>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_coroutine(Proxy&& p, HandlerReference&& eh) : basic_coroutine(detail::force_cast<base_t>(p), std::forward<HandlerReference>(eh)) {
+		}
+
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, T&& r) noexcept
+		: basic_coroutine(L, std::forward<T>(r), detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(L)) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, T&& r, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_coroutine>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		basic_coroutine(lua_nil_t n) : base_t(n), m_error_handler(n) {
+		}
+
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, int index = -1)
+		: basic_coroutine(L, index, detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(L)) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, int index, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, index), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#ifdef SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_coroutine>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, absolute_index index)
+		: basic_coroutine(L, index, detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(L)) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, absolute_index index, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, index), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_coroutine>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, raw_index index)
+		: basic_coroutine(L, index, detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(L)) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, raw_index index, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, index), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_coroutine>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, ref_index index)
+		: basic_coroutine(L, index, detail::get_default_handler<reference, is_main_threaded<base_t>::value>(L)) {
+		}
+		basic_coroutine(lua_State* L, ref_index index, handler_t eh) : base_t(L, index), m_error_handler(std::move(eh)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_coroutine>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+
+		call_status status() const noexcept {
+			return stats;
+		}
+
+		bool error() const noexcept {
+			call_status cs = status();
+			return cs != call_status::ok && cs != call_status::yielded;
+		}
+
+		bool runnable() const noexcept {
+			return base_t::valid() && (status() == call_status::yielded);
+		}
+
+		explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+			return runnable();
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Args>
+		protected_function_result operator()(Args&&... args) {
+			return call<>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) operator()(types<Ret...>, Args&&... args) {
+			return call<Ret...>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		template <typename... Ret, typename... Args>
+		decltype(auto) call(Args&&... args) {
+			// some users screw up coroutine.create
+			// and try to use it with sol::coroutine without ever calling the first resume in Lua
+			// this makes the stack incompatible with other kinds of stacks: protect against this
+			// make sure coroutines don't screw us over
+			base_t::push();
+			int pushcount = stack::multi_push_reference(lua_state(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+			return invoke(types<Ret...>(), std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ret)>(), pushcount);
+		}
+
+	private:
+		handler_t m_error_handler;
+	};
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/coroutine.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/userdata.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename base_type>
+	class basic_userdata : public basic_table<base_type> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_table<base_type>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_userdata() noexcept = default;
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_userdata>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>,
+		          is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_userdata(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_userdata<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				type_assert(lua_state(), -1, type::userdata);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_userdata(const basic_userdata&) = default;
+		basic_userdata(basic_userdata&&) = default;
+		basic_userdata& operator=(const basic_userdata&) = default;
+		basic_userdata& operator=(basic_userdata&&) = default;
+		basic_userdata(const stack_reference& r) : basic_userdata(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_userdata(stack_reference&& r) : basic_userdata(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_userdata(lua_State* L, T&& r) : base_t(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_userdata>(L, -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_userdata(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_userdata>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_userdata(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(detail::no_safety, L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_userdata>(L, -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+	};
+
+	template <typename base_type>
+	class basic_lightuserdata : public basic_object_base<base_type> {
+		typedef basic_object_base<base_type> base_t;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::lua_state;
+
+		basic_lightuserdata() noexcept = default;
+		template <typename T,
+		     meta::enable<meta::neg<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<T>, basic_lightuserdata>>, meta::neg<std::is_same<base_t, stack_reference>>,
+		          is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_lightuserdata(T&& r) noexcept : base_t(std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			if (!is_lightuserdata<meta::unqualified_t<T>>::value) {
+				auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+				type_assert(lua_state(), -1, type::lightuserdata);
+			}
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_lightuserdata(const basic_lightuserdata&) = default;
+		basic_lightuserdata(basic_lightuserdata&&) = default;
+		basic_lightuserdata& operator=(const basic_lightuserdata&) = default;
+		basic_lightuserdata& operator=(basic_lightuserdata&&) = default;
+		basic_lightuserdata(const stack_reference& r) : basic_lightuserdata(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		basic_lightuserdata(stack_reference&& r) : basic_lightuserdata(r.lua_state(), r.stack_index()) {
+		}
+		template <typename T, meta::enable<is_lua_reference<meta::unqualified_t<T>>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_lightuserdata(lua_State* L, T&& r) : basic_lightuserdata(L, std::forward<T>(r)) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_lightuserdata>(lua_state(), -1, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_lightuserdata(lua_State* L, int index = -1) : base_t(L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_lightuserdata>(L, index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+		basic_lightuserdata(lua_State* L, ref_index index) : base_t(L, index) {
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_SAFE_REFERENCES)
+			auto pp = stack::push_pop(*this);
+			constructor_handler handler {};
+			stack::check<basic_lightuserdata>(lua_state(), index, handler);
+#endif // Safety
+		}
+	};
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/userdata.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/as_args.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_args_t {
+		T src;
+	};
+
+	template <typename Source>
+	auto as_args(Source&& source) {
+		return as_args_t<Source> { std::forward<Source>(source) };
+	}
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<as_args_t<T>> {
+			int push(lua_State* L, const as_args_t<T>& e) {
+				int p = 0;
+				for (const auto& i : e.src) {
+					p += stack::push(L, i);
+				}
+				return p;
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/as_args.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/variadic_args.hpp
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace sol {
+	struct variadic_args {
+	private:
+		lua_State* L;
+		int index;
+		int stacktop;
+
+	public:
+		typedef stack_proxy reference_type;
+		typedef stack_proxy value_type;
+		typedef stack_proxy* pointer;
+		typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+		typedef std::size_t size_type;
+		typedef stack_iterator<stack_proxy, false> iterator;
+		typedef stack_iterator<stack_proxy, true> const_iterator;
+		typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+		typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+
+		variadic_args() = default;
+		variadic_args(lua_State* luastate, int stackindex = -1) : L(luastate), index(lua_absindex(luastate, stackindex)), stacktop(lua_gettop(luastate)) {
+		}
+		variadic_args(lua_State* luastate, int stackindex, int lastindex) : L(luastate), index(lua_absindex(luastate, stackindex)), stacktop(lastindex) {
+		}
+		variadic_args(const variadic_args&) = default;
+		variadic_args& operator=(const variadic_args&) = default;
+		variadic_args(variadic_args&& o) : L(o.L), index(o.index), stacktop(o.stacktop) {
+			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+			// but will be thorough
+			o.L = nullptr;
+			o.index = 0;
+			o.stacktop = 0;
+		}
+		variadic_args& operator=(variadic_args&& o) {
+			L = o.L;
+			index = o.index;
+			stacktop = o.stacktop;
+			// Must be manual, otherwise destructor will screw us
+			// return count being 0 is enough to keep things clean
+			// but will be thorough
+			o.L = nullptr;
+			o.index = 0;
+			o.stacktop = 0;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		iterator begin() {
+			return iterator(L, index, stacktop + 1);
+		}
+		iterator end() {
+			return iterator(L, stacktop + 1, stacktop + 1);
+		}
+		const_iterator begin() const {
+			return const_iterator(L, index, stacktop + 1);
+		}
+		const_iterator end() const {
+			return const_iterator(L, stacktop + 1, stacktop + 1);
+		}
+		const_iterator cbegin() const {
+			return begin();
+		}
+		const_iterator cend() const {
+			return end();
+		}
+
+		reverse_iterator rbegin() {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<iterator>(begin());
+		}
+		reverse_iterator rend() {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<iterator>(end());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(begin());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(end());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(cbegin());
+		}
+		const_reverse_iterator crend() const {
+			return std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>(cend());
+		}
+
+		int push() const {
+			return push(L);
+		}
+
+		int push(lua_State* target) const {
+			int pushcount = 0;
+			for (int i = index; i <= stacktop; ++i) {
+				lua_pushvalue(L, i);
+				pushcount += 1;
+			}
+			if (target != L) {
+				lua_xmove(L, target, pushcount);
+			}
+			return pushcount;
+		}
+
+		template <typename T>
+		decltype(auto) get(difference_type index_offset = 0) const {
+			return stack::get<T>(L, index + static_cast<int>(index_offset));
+		}
+
+		type get_type(difference_type index_offset = 0) const noexcept {
+			return type_of(L, index + static_cast<int>(index_offset));
+		}
+
+		stack_proxy operator[](difference_type index_offset) const {
+			return stack_proxy(L, index + static_cast<int>(index_offset));
+		}
+
+		lua_State* lua_state() const {
+			return L;
+		};
+		int stack_index() const {
+			return index;
+		};
+		int leftover_count() const {
+			return stacktop - (index - 1);
+		}
+		std::size_t size() const {
+			return static_cast<std::size_t>(leftover_count());
+		}
+		int top() const {
+			return stacktop;
+		}
+	};
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_getter<variadic_args> {
+			static variadic_args get(lua_State* L, int index, record& tracking) {
+				tracking.last = 0;
+				return variadic_args(L, index);
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<variadic_args> {
+			static int push(lua_State* L, const variadic_args& ref) {
+				return ref.push(L);
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/variadic_args.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/variadic_results.hpp
+
+// beginning of sol/as_returns.hpp
+
+namespace sol {
+	template <typename T>
+	struct as_returns_t : private detail::ebco<T> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = detail::ebco<T>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+		using base_t::value;
+	};
+
+	template <typename Source>
+	auto as_returns(Source&& source) {
+		return as_returns_t<std::decay_t<Source>> { std::forward<Source>(source) };
+	}
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <typename T>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<as_returns_t<T>> {
+			int push(lua_State* L, const as_returns_t<T>& e) {
+				auto& src = detail::unwrap(e.value());
+				int p = 0;
+				for (const auto& i : src) {
+					p += stack::push(L, i);
+				}
+				return p;
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/as_returns.hpp
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace sol {
+
+	template <typename Al = typename std::allocator<object>>
+	struct basic_variadic_results : public std::vector<object, Al> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = std::vector<object, Al>;
+
+	public:
+		basic_variadic_results() : base_t() {
+		}
+
+		basic_variadic_results(unsafe_function_result fr) : base_t() {
+			this->reserve(fr.return_count());
+			this->insert(this->cend(), fr.begin(), fr.end());
+		}
+
+		basic_variadic_results(protected_function_result fr) : base_t() {
+			this->reserve(fr.return_count());
+			this->insert(this->cend(), fr.begin(), fr.end());
+		}
+
+		template <typename Arg0, typename... Args,
+		     meta::disable_any<std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg0>, basic_variadic_results>, std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg0>, function_result>,
+		          std::is_same<meta::unqualified_t<Arg0>, protected_function_result>> = meta::enabler>
+		basic_variadic_results(Arg0&& arg0, Args&&... args) : base_t(std::forward<Arg0>(arg0), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {
+		}
+
+		basic_variadic_results(const basic_variadic_results&) = default;
+		basic_variadic_results(basic_variadic_results&&) = default;
+	};
+
+	struct variadic_results : public basic_variadic_results<> {
+	private:
+		using base_t = basic_variadic_results<>;
+
+	public:
+		using base_t::base_t;
+	};
+
+	template <typename Al>
+	struct is_container<basic_variadic_results<Al>> : std::false_type { };
+
+	template <>
+	struct is_container<variadic_results> : std::false_type { };
+
+	namespace stack {
+		template <typename Al>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<basic_variadic_results<Al>> {
+			int push(lua_State* L, const basic_variadic_results<Al>& e) {
+				int p = 0;
+				for (const auto& i : e) {
+					p += stack::push(L, i);
+				}
+				return p;
+			}
+		};
+
+		template <>
+		struct unqualified_pusher<variadic_results> {
+			int push(lua_State* L, const variadic_results& r) {
+				using base_t = basic_variadic_results<>;
+				return stack::push(L, static_cast<const base_t&>(r));
+			}
+		};
+	} // namespace stack
+
+} // namespace sol
+
+// end of sol/variadic_results.hpp
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_GCC)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_CLANG)
+#elif SOL_IS_ON(SOL_COMPILER_VCXX)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // g++
+
+#if SOL_IS_ON(SOL_INSIDE_UNREAL_ENGINE)
+#undef check
+#pragma pop_macro("check")
+#endif // Unreal Engine 4 Bullshit
+
+#endif // SOL_HPP
+// end of sol/sol.hpp
+
+#endif // SOL_SINGLE_INCLUDE_SOL_HPP
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/sol2.qbs b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/sol2.qbs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb435308f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/sol2.qbs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Product {
+    name: "sol2"
+
+    Group {
+        prefix: "include/"
+        files: [
+            "sol/config.hpp",
+            "sol/forward.hpp",
+            "sol/sol.hpp",
+        ]
+    }
+
+    Export {
+        Depends { name: "cpp" }
+        cpp.includePaths: project.ide_source_tree + "/src/libs/3rdparty/sol2/include"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/carray.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/carray.c
index 709c894f27..b1caa98c3f 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/carray.c
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/carray.c
@@ -409,6 +409,11 @@ static sqlite3_module carrayModule = {
   0,                         /* xRollback */
   0,                         /* xFindMethod */
   0,                         /* xRename */
+  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
+  0,                         /* xRelease */
+  0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
+  0,                         /* xShadow */
+  0                          /* xIntegrity */
 };
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3.c b/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3.c
index 1884b08239..eaa24a1310 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3.c
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 ** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
-** version 3.43.1.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
+** version 3.46.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
 ** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
 ** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
 ** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ** separate file. This file contains only code for the core SQLite library.
 **
 ** The content in this amalgamation comes from Fossil check-in
-** d3a40c05c49e1a49264912b1a05bc2143ac.
+** 96c92aba00c8375bc32fafcdf12429c58bd8.
 */
 #define SQLITE_CORE 1
 #define SQLITE_AMALGAMATION 1
@@ -459,9 +459,9 @@ extern "C" {
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.43.1"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3043001
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2023-09-11 12:01:27 2d3a40c05c49e1a49264912b1a05bc2143ac0e7c3df588276ce80a4cbc9bd1b0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.46.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3046000
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2024-05-23 13:25:27 96c92aba00c8375bc32fafcdf12429c58bd8aabfcadab6683e35bbb9cdebf19e"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -733,6 +733,8 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
+** <li> The application must not dereference the arrays or string pointers
+**       passed as the 3rd and 4th callback parameters after it returns.
 ** </ul>
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
@@ -1075,11 +1077,11 @@ struct sqlite3_file {
 ** </ul>
 ** xLock() upgrades the database file lock.  In other words, xLock() moves the
 ** database file lock in the direction NONE toward EXCLUSIVE. The argument to
-** xLock() is always on of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
+** xLock() is always one of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
 ** SQLITE_LOCK_NONE.  If the database file lock is already at or above the
 ** requested lock, then the call to xLock() is a no-op.
 ** xUnlock() downgrades the database file lock to either SHARED or NONE.
-*  If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
+** If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
 ** to xUnlock() is a no-op.
 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
@@ -2440,7 +2442,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
 ** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
 ** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
-** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
+** negative value for this option restores the default behavior.
 ** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
 **
@@ -2454,6 +2456,22 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
 ** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
 ** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW option enables or disables the ability
+** for VIEWs to have a ROWID.  The capability can only be enabled if SQLite is
+** compiled with -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW, in which case the capability
+** defaults to on.  This configuration option queries the current setting or
+** changes the setting to off or on.  The argument is a pointer to an integer.
+** If that integer initially holds a value of 1, then the ability for VIEWs to
+** have ROWIDs is activated.  If the integer initially holds zero, then the
+** ability is deactivated.  Any other initial value for the integer leaves the
+** setting unchanged.  After changes, if any, the integer is written with
+** a 1 or 0, if the ability for VIEWs to have ROWIDs is on or off.  If SQLite
+** is compiled without -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW (which is the usual and
+** recommended case) then the integer is always filled with zero, regardless
+** if its initial value.
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD         1  /* nil */
@@ -2485,6 +2503,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW       30  /* int* */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -2615,7 +2634,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
 ** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
 ** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
-** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
+** override this behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation
 ** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
 ** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
@@ -3599,8 +3618,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
-** METHOD: sqlite3
+** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Tracing And Profiling Functions
+** DEPRECATED
 **
 ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
 ** instead of the routines described here.
@@ -4267,14 +4286,17 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(sqlite3_filename);
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
-** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
+** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively,
+** or NULL if no error message is available.
+** (See how SQLite handles [invalid UTF] for exceptions to this rule.)
 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
-** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
+** ^The sqlite3_errstr(E) interface returns the English-language text
+** that describes the [result code] E, as UTF-8, or NULL if E is not an
+** result code for which a text error message is available.
 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
 **
@@ -5638,6 +5660,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
@@ -5884,13 +5907,27 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
-** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
+** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
 ** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
-** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
-** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
-** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
-** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
-** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
+** This flag instructs SQLite to omit some corner-case optimizations that
+** might disrupt the operation of the [sqlite3_value_subtype()] function,
+** causing it to return zero rather than the correct subtype().
+** SQL functions that invokes [sqlite3_value_subtype()] should have this
+** property.  If the SQLITE_SUBTYPE property is omitted, then the return
+** value from [sqlite3_value_subtype()] might sometimes be zero even though
+** a non-zero subtype was specified by the function argument expression.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
+** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] to cause a sub-type to be associated with its
+** result.
+** Every function that invokes [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should have this
+** property.  If it does not, then the call to [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
+** might become a no-op if the function is used as term in an
+** [expression index].  On the other hand, SQL functions that never invoke
+** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should avoid setting this property, as the
+** purpose of this property is to disable certain optimizations that are
+** incompatible with subtypes.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -5898,6 +5935,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
 #define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
 #define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
 #define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
+#define SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE   0x001000000
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
@@ -6094,6 +6132,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);
 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
+**
+** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invoke this interface
+** should include the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property in the text
+** encoding argument when the function is [sqlite3_create_function|registered].
+** If the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property is omitted, then sqlite3_value_subtype()
+** might return zero instead of the upstream subtype in some corner cases.
 */
 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
 
@@ -6192,48 +6236,56 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 **
 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
-** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
-** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
-** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
-** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
-** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
-** metadata associated with the pattern string.
+** associate auxiliary data with argument values. If the same argument
+** value is passed to multiple invocations of the same SQL function during
+** query execution, under some circumstances the associated auxiliary data
+** might be preserved.  An example of where this might be useful is in a
+** regular-expression matching function. The compiled version of the regular
+** expression can be stored as auxiliary data associated with the pattern string.
 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
 ** invocations of the same function.
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
+** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the auxiliary data
 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
 ** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
-** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
+** function argument.  ^If there is no auxiliary data
 ** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
 ** returns a NULL pointer.
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
-** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
+** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as auxiliary data for the
+** N-th argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
-** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the auxiliary data is still valid or
+** NULL if the auxiliary data has been discarded.
 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
-** once, when the metadata is discarded.
-** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
+** once, when the auxiliary data is discarded.
+** SQLite is free to discard the auxiliary data at any time, including: <ul>
 ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
 ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
 **      SQL statement)^, or
 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
 **       parameter)^, or
 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
-**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
+**      allocation error occurs.)^
+** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call if the function
+**      is evaluated during query planning instead of during query execution,
+**      as sometimes happens with [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4].)^ </ul>
 **
-** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
+** Note the last two bullets in particular.  The destructor X in
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
-**
-** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.  Furthermore, a call to
+** sqlite3_get_auxdata() that occurs immediately after a corresponding call
+** to sqlite3_set_auxdata() might still return NULL if an out-of-memory
+** condition occurred during the sqlite3_set_auxdata() call or if the
+** function is being evaluated during query planning rather than during
+** query execution.
+**
+** ^(In practice, auxiliary data is preserved between function calls for
 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
 **
@@ -6243,10 +6295,67 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 **
 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
 ** the SQL function is running.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_get_clientdata()] and [sqlite3_set_clientdata()].
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Client Data
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** These functions are used to associate one or more named pointers
+** with a [database connection].
+** A call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) causes the pointer P
+** to be attached to [database connection] D using name N.  Subsequent
+** calls to sqlite3_get_clientdata(D,N) will return a copy of pointer P
+** or a NULL pointer if there were no prior calls to
+** sqlite3_set_clientdata() with the same values of D and N.
+** Names are compared using strcmp() and are thus case sensitive.
+**
+** If P and X are both non-NULL, then the destructor X is invoked with
+** argument P on the first of the following occurrences:
+** <ul>
+** <li> An out-of-memory error occurs during the call to
+**      sqlite3_set_clientdata() which attempts to register pointer P.
+** <li> A subsequent call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) is made
+**      with the same D and N parameters.
+** <li> The database connection closes.  SQLite does not make any guarantees
+**      about the order in which destructors are called, only that all
+**      destructors will be called exactly once at some point during the
+**      database connection closing process.
+** </ul>
+**
+** SQLite does not do anything with client data other than invoke
+** destructors on the client data at the appropriate time.  The intended
+** use for client data is to provide a mechanism for wrapper libraries
+** to store additional information about an SQLite database connection.
+**
+** There is no limit (other than available memory) on the number of different
+** client data pointers (with different names) that can be attached to a
+** single database connection.  However, the implementation is optimized
+** for the case of having only one or two different client data names.
+** Applications and wrapper libraries are discouraged from using more than
+** one client data name each.
+**
+** There is no way to enumerate the client data pointers
+** associated with a database connection.  The N parameter can be thought
+** of as a secret key such that only code that knows the secret key is able
+** to access the associated data.
+**
+** Security Warning:  These interfaces should not be exposed in scripting
+** languages or in other circumstances where it might be possible for an
+** an attacker to invoke them.  Any agent that can invoke these interfaces
+** can probably also take control of the process.
+**
+** Database connection client data is only available for SQLite
+** version 3.44.0 ([dateof:3.44.0]) and later.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_set_auxdata()] and [sqlite3_get_auxdata()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_clientdata(sqlite3*,const char*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_clientdata(sqlite3*, const char*, void*, void(*)(void*));
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
@@ -6448,6 +6557,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 ** higher order bits are discarded.
 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
 ** in future releases of SQLite.
+**
+** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invokes this interface
+** should include the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE] property in its
+** text encoding argument when the SQL function is
+** [sqlite3_create_function|registered].  If the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]
+** property is omitted from the function that invokes sqlite3_result_subtype(),
+** then in some cases the sqlite3_result_subtype() might fail to set
+** the result subtype.
+**
+** If SQLite is compiled with -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1, then any
+** SQL function that invokes the sqlite3_result_subtype() interface
+** and that does not have the SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE property will raise
+** an error.  Future versions of SQLite might enable -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1
+** by default.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 
@@ -6879,7 +7002,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
+** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from sqlite3_txn_state()
 ** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
 **
 ** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
@@ -7011,7 +7134,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 ** ^Each call to the sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() interface overrides all
 ** previous invocations for that database connection.  ^If the callback
 ** argument (C) to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is a NULL pointer,
-** then the autovacuum steps callback is cancelled.  The return value
+** then the autovacuum steps callback is canceled.  The return value
 ** from sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() is normally SQLITE_OK, but might
 ** be some other error code if something goes wrong.  The current
 ** implementation will only return SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_MISUSE, but other
@@ -7077,6 +7200,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(
 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
 ** release of SQLite.
 **
+** Whether the update hook is invoked before or after the
+** corresponding change is currently unspecified and may differ
+** depending on the type of change. Do not rely on the order of the
+** hook call with regards to the final result of the operation which
+** triggers the hook.
+**
 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
@@ -7530,6 +7659,10 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
   /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
   int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
+  /* The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_module object.
+  ** Those below are for version 4 and greater. */
+  int (*xIntegrity)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, const char *zSchema,
+                    const char *zTabName, int mFlags, char **pzErr);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -8017,7 +8150,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
 **
 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
-** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
+** open blob handle results in undefined behavior. ^Calling this routine
 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
@@ -8244,9 +8377,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 **
 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
-** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
-** behavior.)^
+** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. In most cases the SQLite core only uses
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization, so this is acceptable
+** behavior. The exceptions are unix builds that set the
+** SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT build option. In that case a working
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() is required.)^
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
@@ -8497,6 +8632,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION             7
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
@@ -8504,6 +8640,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK          14
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
@@ -8539,7 +8676,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 ** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
 ** keywords understood by SQLite.
 **
-** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
+** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the 0-based N-th keyword and
 ** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
 ** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
 ** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
@@ -9558,8 +9695,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. ^The blocked connections
-** unlock-notify callback may also be cancelled by closing the blocked
+** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
+** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
@@ -10118,24 +10255,45 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
 ** <li value="2"><p>
 ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 2, that means
 ** that the query planner does not need the rows returned in any particular
-** order, as long as rows with the same values in all "aOrderBy" columns
-** are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, only a single row for each particular
-** combination of values in the columns identified by the "aOrderBy" field
-** needs to be returned.)^  ^It is always ok for two or more rows with the same
-** values in all "aOrderBy" columns to be returned, as long as all such rows
-** are adjacent.  ^The virtual table may, if it chooses, omit extra rows
-** that have the same value for all columns identified by "aOrderBy".
-** ^However omitting the extra rows is optional.
+** order, as long as rows with the same values in all columns identified
+** by "aOrderBy" are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, when two or more rows
+** contain the same values for all columns identified by "colUsed", all but
+** one such row may optionally be omitted from the result.)^
+** The virtual table is not required to omit rows that are duplicates
+** over the "colUsed" columns, but if the virtual table can do that without
+** too much extra effort, it could potentially help the query to run faster.
 ** This mode is used for a DISTINCT query.
 ** <li value="3"><p>
-** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means
-** that the query planner needs only distinct rows but it does need the
-** rows to be sorted.)^ ^The virtual table implementation is free to omit
-** rows that are identical in all aOrderBy columns, if it wants to, but
-** it is not required to omit any rows.  This mode is used for queries
+** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means the
+** virtual table must return rows in the order defined by "aOrderBy" as
+** if the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface had returned 0.  However if
+** two or more rows in the result have the same values for all columns
+** identified by "colUsed", then all but one such row may optionally be
+** omitted.)^  Like when the return value is 2, the virtual table
+** is not required to omit rows that are duplicates over the "colUsed"
+** columns, but if the virtual table can do that without
+** too much extra effort, it could potentially help the query to run faster.
+** This mode is used for queries
 ** that have both DISTINCT and ORDER BY clauses.
 ** </ol>
 **
+** <p>The following table summarizes the conditions under which the
+** virtual table is allowed to set the "orderByConsumed" flag based on
+** the value returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct().  This table is a
+** restatement of the previous four paragraphs:
+**
+** <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=10 width="90%">
+** <tr>
+** <td valign="top">sqlite3_vtab_distinct() return value
+** <td valign="top">Rows are returned in aOrderBy order
+** <td valign="top">Rows with the same value in all aOrderBy columns are adjacent
+** <td valign="top">Duplicates over all colUsed columns may be omitted
+** <tr><td>0<td>yes<td>yes<td>no
+** <tr><td>1<td>no<td>yes<td>no
+** <tr><td>2<td>no<td>yes<td>yes
+** <tr><td>3<td>yes<td>yes<td>yes
+** </table>
+**
 ** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
 ** values are same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
 ** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
@@ -10862,6 +11020,13 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const c
 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
 ** of the database exists.
 **
+** After the call, if the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit had been set,
+** the returned buffer content will remain accessible and unchanged
+** until either the next write operation on the connection or when
+** the connection is closed, and applications must not modify the
+** buffer. If the bit had been clear, the returned buffer will not
+** be accessed by SQLite after the call.
+**
 ** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
 ** allocation error occurs.
@@ -10910,6 +11075,9 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
 ** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
 ** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
 **
+** Applications must not modify the buffer P or invalidate it before
+** the database connection D is closed.
+**
 ** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
 ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
 ** operation.
@@ -10918,6 +11086,13 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
 ** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
 ** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
 **
+** The deserialized database should not be in [WAL mode].  If the database
+** is in WAL mode, then any attempt to use the database file will result
+** in an [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] error.  The application can set the
+** [file format version numbers] (bytes 18 and 19) of the input database P
+** to 0x01 prior to invoking sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) to force the
+** database file into rollback mode and work around this limitation.
+**
 ** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
 ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
 ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
@@ -11991,6 +12166,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
 
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Upgrade the Schema of a Changeset/Patchset
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_upgrade(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zDb,
+  int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
+  int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
+);
+
+
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
 **
 ** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
@@ -12037,6 +12224,38 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Add a Schema to a Changegroup
+** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup_schema
+**
+** This method may be used to optionally enforce the rule that the changesets
+** added to the changegroup handle must match the schema of database zDb
+** ("main", "temp", or the name of an attached database). If
+** sqlite3changegroup_add() is called to add a changeset that is not compatible
+** with the configured schema, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned and the changegroup
+** object is left in an undefined state.
+**
+** A changeset schema is considered compatible with the database schema in
+** the same way as for sqlite3changeset_apply(). Specifically, for each
+** table in the changeset, there exists a database table with:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> The name identified by the changeset, and
+**   <li> at least as many columns as recorded in the changeset, and
+**   <li> the primary key columns in the same position as recorded in
+**        the changeset.
+** </ul>
+**
+** The output of the changegroup object always has the same schema as the
+** database nominated using this function. In cases where changesets passed
+** to sqlite3changegroup_add() have fewer columns than the corresponding table
+** in the database schema, these are filled in using the default column
+** values from the database schema. This makes it possible to combined
+** changesets that have different numbers of columns for a single table
+** within a changegroup, provided that they are otherwise compatible.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_schema(sqlite3_changegroup*, sqlite3*, const char *zDb);
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
 **
@@ -12104,17 +12323,46 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
 ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
 ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
-** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
-** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
-** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
-** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the state
-** of the final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
+** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. Except, if the changegroup
+** object has been configured with a database schema using the
+** sqlite3changegroup_schema() API, then it is possible to combine changesets
+** with different numbers of columns for a single table, provided that
+** they are otherwise compatible.
+**
+** If the input changeset appears to be corrupt and the corruption is
+** detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition
+** occurs during processing, this function returns SQLITE_NOMEM.
 **
-** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+** In all cases, if an error occurs the state of the final contents of the
+** changegroup is undefined. If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Add A Single Change To A Changegroup
+** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
+**
+** This function adds the single change currently indicated by the iterator
+** passed as the second argument to the changegroup object. The rules for
+** adding the change are just as described for [sqlite3changegroup_add()].
+**
+** If the change is successfully added to the changegroup, SQLITE_OK is
+** returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned.
+**
+** The iterator must point to a valid entry when this function is called.
+** If it does not, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no change is added to the
+** changegroup. Additionally, the iterator must not have been opened with
+** the SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT flag. In this case SQLITE_ERROR is also
+** returned.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_change(
+  sqlite3_changegroup*,
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter*
+);
+
+
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
 **
@@ -12375,10 +12623,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **    <li>an insert change if all fields of the conflicting row match
 **        the row being inserted.
 **    </ul>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION <dd>
+**   If this flag it set, then all foreign key constraints in the target
+**   database behave as if they were declared with "ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON
+**   DELETE NO ACTION", even if they are actually CASCADE, RESTRICT, SET NULL
+**   or SET DEFAULT.
 */
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT        0x0002
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP    0x0004
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION    0x0008
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
@@ -12911,8 +13166,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
 **
 ** xUserData(pFts):
-**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
-**   registered with.
+**   Return a copy of the pUserData pointer passed to the xCreateFunction()
+**   API when the extension function was registered.
 **
 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
@@ -12944,8 +13199,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
 **
 ** xColumnText:
-**   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
-**   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
+**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
+**   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
+**
+**   Otherwise, this function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of
+**   the current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
@@ -12955,8 +13213,10 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
 **
 ** xPhraseSize:
-**   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
-**   are numbered starting from zero.
+**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
+**   number of phrases in the current query, as returned by xPhraseCount,
+**   0 is returned. Otherwise, this function returns the number of tokens in
+**   phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases are numbered starting from zero.
 **
 ** xInstCount:
 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
@@ -12972,12 +13232,13 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
-**   output by xInstCount().
+**   output by xInstCount(). If iIdx is less than zero or greater than
+**   or equal to the value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
 **
-**   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
+**   Otherwise, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
-**   first token of the phrase. Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error
-**   code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
+**   first token of the phrase. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an
+**   error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
@@ -13003,6 +13264,10 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
 **   the third argument to pUserData.
 **
+**   If parameter iPhrase is less than zero, or greater than or equal to
+**   the number of phrases in the query, as returned by xPhraseCount(),
+**   this function returns SQLITE_RANGE.
+**
 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
@@ -13117,9 +13382,42 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
+**
+** xQueryToken(pFts5, iPhrase, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
+**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase iPhrase of the current
+**   query. Before returning, output parameter *ppToken is set to point
+**   to a buffer containing the requested token, and *pnToken to the
+**   size of this buffer in bytes.
+**
+**   If iPhrase or iToken are less than zero, or if iPhrase is greater than
+**   or equal to the number of phrases in the query as reported by
+**   xPhraseCount(), or if iToken is equal to or greater than the number of
+**   tokens in the phrase, SQLITE_RANGE is returned and *ppToken and *pnToken
+     are both zeroed.
+**
+**   The output text is not a copy of the query text that specified the
+**   token. It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1
+**   tables, this includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
+**
+** xInstToken(pFts5, iIdx, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
+**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase hit iIdx within the
+**   current row. If iIdx is less than zero or greater than or equal to the
+**   value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.  Otherwise,
+**   output variable (*ppToken) is set to point to a buffer containing the
+**   matching document token, and (*pnToken) to the size of that buffer in
+**   bytes. This API is not available if the specified token matches a
+**   prefix query term. In that case both output variables are always set
+**   to 0.
+**
+**   The output text is not a copy of the document text that was tokenized.
+**   It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1 tables, this
+**   includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
+**
+**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
 */
 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
-  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
+  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
 
   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
 
@@ -13154,6 +13452,13 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 
   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
+
+  /* Below this point are iVersion>=3 only */
+  int (*xQueryToken)(Fts5Context*,
+      int iPhrase, int iToken,
+      const char **ppToken, int *pnToken
+  );
+  int (*xInstToken)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int iToken, const char**, int*);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -13640,7 +13945,7 @@ struct fts5_api {
 ** max_page_count macro.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT
-# define SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT 1073741823
+# define SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT 0xfffffffe /* 4294967294 */
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -13770,6 +14075,29 @@ struct fts5_api {
 #endif
 
 /*
+** Enable SQLITE_USE_SEH by default on MSVC builds.  Only omit
+** SEH support if the -DSQLITE_OMIT_SEH option is given.
+*/
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SEH)
+# define SQLITE_USE_SEH 1
+#else
+# undef SQLITE_USE_SEH
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Enable SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ, unless the build explicitly
+** disables it using -DSQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ=0
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ) && SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ+1==1
+  /* Disable if -DSQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ=0 */
+# undef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
+#else
+  /* In all other cases, enable */
+# define SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ 1
+#endif
+
+
+/*
 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
@@ -14037,6 +14365,8 @@ struct fts5_api {
 # define SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
 #endif
 
+#define SQLITE_DIGIT_SEPARATOR '_'
+
 /*
 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
@@ -14329,8 +14659,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HashClear(Hash*);
 #define TK_TRUEFALSE                      170
 #define TK_ISNOT                          171
 #define TK_FUNCTION                       172
-#define TK_UMINUS                         173
-#define TK_UPLUS                          174
+#define TK_UPLUS                          173
+#define TK_UMINUS                         174
 #define TK_TRUTH                          175
 #define TK_REGISTER                       176
 #define TK_VECTOR                         177
@@ -14339,8 +14669,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3HashClear(Hash*);
 #define TK_ASTERISK                       180
 #define TK_SPAN                           181
 #define TK_ERROR                          182
-#define TK_SPACE                          183
-#define TK_ILLEGAL                        184
+#define TK_QNUMBER                        183
+#define TK_SPACE                          184
+#define TK_ILLEGAL                        185
 
 /************** End of parse.h ***********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in sqliteInt.h ******************/
@@ -14602,7 +14933,7 @@ typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
-      (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__POWERPC__)) ||                     \
+      (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__ppc__)) ||                         \
       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
 # else
@@ -14662,16 +14993,33 @@ typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
 ** at run-time.
+**
+** If you are building SQLite on some obscure platform for which the
+** following ifdef magic does not work, you can always include either:
+**
+**    -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=1234
+**
+** or
+**
+**    -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=4321
+**
+** to cause the build to work for little-endian or big-endian processors,
+** respectively.
 */
-#ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
-# if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
+#ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER  /* Replicate changes at tag-20230904a */
+# if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && __BYTE_ORDER__==__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 4321
+# elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && __BYTE_ORDER__==__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 1234
+# elif defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) && __BIG_ENDIAN__==1
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 4321
+# elif defined(i386)    || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
-#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
-# elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
-       defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
-#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 1234
+# elif defined(sparc)   || defined(__ARMEB__)     || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 4321
 # else
 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
 # endif
@@ -14822,6 +15170,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3TreeTrace;
 **   0x00010000     Beginning of DELETE/INSERT/UPDATE processing
 **   0x00020000     Transform DISTINCT into GROUP BY
 **   0x00040000     SELECT tree dump after all code has been generated
+**   0x00080000     NOT NULL strength reduction
 */
 
 /*
@@ -14852,7 +15201,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
 ** 0x00000010   Display sqlite3_index_info xBestIndex calls
 ** 0x00000020   Range an equality scan metrics
 ** 0x00000040   IN operator decisions
-** 0x00000080   WhereLoop cost adjustements
+** 0x00000080   WhereLoop cost adjustments
 ** 0x00000100
 ** 0x00000200   Covering index decisions
 ** 0x00000400   OR optimization
@@ -14995,6 +15344,7 @@ typedef struct Column Column;
 typedef struct Cte Cte;
 typedef struct CteUse CteUse;
 typedef struct Db Db;
+typedef struct DbClientData DbClientData;
 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
 typedef struct Schema Schema;
 typedef struct Expr Expr;
@@ -15633,7 +15983,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerJrnlFile(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerJournalname(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(Pager*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerCacheStat(Pager *, int, int, int *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerCacheStat(Pager *, int, int, u64*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerClearCache(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SectorSize(sqlite3_file *);
 
@@ -16000,6 +16350,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
   sqlite3 *db,  /* Database connection that is running the check */
   Btree *p,     /* The btree to be checked */
   Pgno *aRoot,  /* An array of root pages numbers for individual trees */
+  sqlite3_value *aCnt,  /* OUT: entry counts for each btree in aRoot[] */
   int nRoot,    /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
   int mxErr,    /* Stop reporting errors after this many */
   int *pnErr,   /* OUT: Write number of errors seen to this variable */
@@ -16220,6 +16571,7 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define P4_INT64      (-13) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
 #define P4_INTARRAY   (-14) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */
 #define P4_FUNCCTX    (-15) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object */
+#define P4_TABLEREF   (-16) /* Like P4_TABLE, but reference counted */
 
 /* Error message codes for OP_Halt */
 #define P5_ConstraintNotNull 1
@@ -16269,12 +16621,12 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OP_Vacuum          5
 #define OP_VFilter         6 /* jump, synopsis: iplan=r[P3] zplan='P4'     */
 #define OP_VUpdate         7 /* synopsis: data=r[P3@P2]                    */
-#define OP_Init            8 /* jump, synopsis: Start at P2                */
+#define OP_Init            8 /* jump0, synopsis: Start at P2               */
 #define OP_Goto            9 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Gosub          10 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_InitCoroutine  11 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_Yield          12 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_MustBeInt      13 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_InitCoroutine  11 /* jump0                                      */
+#define OP_Yield          12 /* jump0                                      */
+#define OP_MustBeInt      13 /* jump0                                      */
 #define OP_Jump           14 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Once           15 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_If             16 /* jump                                       */
@@ -16282,22 +16634,22 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OP_IsType         18 /* jump, synopsis: if typeof(P1.P3) in P5 goto P2 */
 #define OP_Not            19 /* same as TK_NOT, synopsis: r[P2]= !r[P1]    */
 #define OP_IfNullRow      20 /* jump, synopsis: if P1.nullRow then r[P3]=NULL, goto P2 */
-#define OP_SeekLT         21 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_SeekLE         22 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_SeekGE         23 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_SeekGT         24 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekLT         21 /* jump0, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]              */
+#define OP_SeekLE         22 /* jump0, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]              */
+#define OP_SeekGE         23 /* jump0, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]              */
+#define OP_SeekGT         24 /* jump0, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]              */
 #define OP_IfNotOpen      25 /* jump, synopsis: if( !csr[P1] ) goto P2     */
 #define OP_IfNoHope       26 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
 #define OP_NoConflict     27 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
 #define OP_NotFound       28 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
 #define OP_Found          29 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
-#define OP_SeekRowid      30 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
+#define OP_SeekRowid      30 /* jump0, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]              */
 #define OP_NotExists      31 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
-#define OP_Last           32 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_IfSmaller      33 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Last           32 /* jump0                                      */
+#define OP_IfSizeBetween  33 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_SorterSort     34 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Sort           35 /* jump                                       */
-#define OP_Rewind         36 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Rewind         36 /* jump0                                      */
 #define OP_SorterNext     37 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Prev           38 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Next           39 /* jump                                       */
@@ -16309,7 +16661,7 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OP_IdxGE          45 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
 #define OP_RowSetRead     46 /* jump, synopsis: r[P3]=rowset(P1)           */
 #define OP_RowSetTest     47 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2 */
-#define OP_Program        48 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Program        48 /* jump0                                      */
 #define OP_FkIfZero       49 /* jump, synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2    */
 #define OP_IsNull         50 /* jump, same as TK_ISNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]==NULL goto P2 */
 #define OP_NotNull        51 /* jump, same as TK_NOTNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2 */
@@ -16339,7 +16691,7 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OP_Null           75 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
 #define OP_SoftNull       76 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
 #define OP_Blob           77 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
-#define OP_Variable       78 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)           */
+#define OP_Variable       78 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1)              */
 #define OP_Move           79 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
 #define OP_Copy           80 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
 #define OP_SCopy          81 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
@@ -16435,19 +16787,22 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OP_VCreate       171
 #define OP_VDestroy      172
 #define OP_VOpen         173
-#define OP_VInitIn       174 /* synopsis: r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)           */
-#define OP_VColumn       175 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
-#define OP_VRename       176
-#define OP_Pagecount     177
-#define OP_MaxPgcnt      178
-#define OP_ClrSubtype    179 /* synopsis: r[P1].subtype = 0                */
-#define OP_FilterAdd     180 /* synopsis: filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)         */
-#define OP_Trace         181
-#define OP_CursorHint    182
-#define OP_ReleaseReg    183 /* synopsis: release r[P1@P2] mask P3         */
-#define OP_Noop          184
-#define OP_Explain       185
-#define OP_Abortable     186
+#define OP_VCheck        174
+#define OP_VInitIn       175 /* synopsis: r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)           */
+#define OP_VColumn       176 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
+#define OP_VRename       177
+#define OP_Pagecount     178
+#define OP_MaxPgcnt      179
+#define OP_ClrSubtype    180 /* synopsis: r[P1].subtype = 0                */
+#define OP_GetSubtype    181 /* synopsis: r[P2] = r[P1].subtype            */
+#define OP_SetSubtype    182 /* synopsis: r[P2].subtype = r[P1]            */
+#define OP_FilterAdd     183 /* synopsis: filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)         */
+#define OP_Trace         184
+#define OP_CursorHint    185
+#define OP_ReleaseReg    186 /* synopsis: release r[P1@P2] mask P3         */
+#define OP_Noop          187
+#define OP_Explain       188
+#define OP_Abortable     189
 
 /* Properties such as "out2" or "jump" that are specified in
 ** comments following the "case" for each opcode in the vdbe.c
@@ -16460,14 +16815,15 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 #define OPFLG_OUT2        0x10  /* out2:  P2 is an output */
 #define OPFLG_OUT3        0x20  /* out3:  P3 is an output */
 #define OPFLG_NCYCLE      0x40  /* ncycle:Cycles count against P1 */
+#define OPFLG_JUMP0       0x80  /* jump0:  P2 might be zero */
 #define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\
 /*   0 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00,\
-/*   8 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01,\
-/*  16 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x12, 0x01, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49,\
-/*  24 */ 0x49, 0x01, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49,\
-/*  32 */ 0x41, 0x01, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x01, 0x41, 0x41,\
+/*   8 */ 0x81, 0x01, 0x01, 0x81, 0x83, 0x83, 0x01, 0x01,\
+/*  16 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x12, 0x01, 0xc9, 0xc9, 0xc9,\
+/*  24 */ 0xc9, 0x01, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0xc9, 0x49,\
+/*  32 */ 0xc1, 0x01, 0x41, 0x41, 0xc1, 0x01, 0x41, 0x41,\
 /*  40 */ 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x26, 0x26, 0x41, 0x23, 0x0b,\
-/*  48 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
+/*  48 */ 0x81, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
 /*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x41,\
 /*  64 */ 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00, 0x10,\
 /*  72 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
@@ -16482,9 +16838,9 @@ typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;
 /* 144 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
 /* 152 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04,\
 /* 160 */ 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 168 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x50, 0x40,\
-/* 176 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 184 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,}
+/* 168 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x10, 0x50,\
+/* 176 */ 0x40, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x02, 0x12, 0x12, 0x00,\
+/* 184 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,}
 
 /* The resolve3P2Values() routine is able to run faster if it knows
 ** the value of the largest JUMP opcode.  The smaller the maximum
@@ -16627,6 +16983,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE RecordCompare sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(UnpackedRecord*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *, SubProgram *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHasSubProgram(Vdbe*);
 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetArrayInt64(sqlite3_value *aMem, int iIdx, i64 val);
+
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NotPureFunc(sqlite3_context*);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit(sqlite3*);
@@ -17214,6 +17572,10 @@ struct FuncDefHash {
 };
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
 
+#if defined(SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION)
+# warning  "The SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION extension is deprecated. \
+ See ext/userauth/user-auth.txt for details."
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
 /*
 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
@@ -17393,6 +17755,7 @@ struct sqlite3 {
   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
+  DbClientData *pDbData;        /* sqlite3_set_clientdata() content */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MAIN
   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
@@ -17475,6 +17838,7 @@ struct sqlite3 {
                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
 #define SQLITE_CorruptRdOnly  HI(0x00002) /* Prohibit writes due to error */
 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   HI(0x00004) /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
+#define SQLITE_FkNoAction     HI(0x00008) /* Treat all FK as NO ACTION */
 
 /* Flags used only if debugging */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -17515,7 +17879,7 @@ struct sqlite3 {
 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x00000400 /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x00000800 /* Use STAT4 data */
    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x0000800. Don't change it */
-#define SQLITE_PushDown       0x00001000 /* The push-down optimization */
+#define SQLITE_PushDown       0x00001000 /* WHERE-clause push-down opt */
 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x00002000 /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x00004000 /* Skip-scans */
 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x00008000 /* The constant propagation opt */
@@ -17643,14 +18007,15 @@ struct FuncDestructor {
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
                                     ** single query - might change over time */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
-/*                           0x8000 -- available for reuse */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_RUNONLY  0x8000 /* Cannot be used by valueFromFunction */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
-#define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
+/* SQLITE_SUBTYPE            0x00100000 // Consumer of subtypes */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN  0x00800000 /* This is a built-in function */
+/*  SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE    0x01000000 // Generator of subtypes */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER 0x08000000 /* count/min/max aggregate */
 
 /* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
@@ -17742,10 +18107,11 @@ struct FuncDestructor {
 #define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
    xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
-#define JFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xFunc) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|\
-   SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
-   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
+#define JFUNCTION(zName, nArg, bUseCache, bWS, bRS, bJsonB, iArg, xFunc) \
+  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|\
+   SQLITE_UTF8|((bUseCache)*SQLITE_FUNC_RUNONLY)|\
+   ((bRS)*SQLITE_SUBTYPE)|((bWS)*SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE), \
+   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg|((bJsonB)*JSON_BLOB)),0,xFunc,0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
 #define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
    SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
@@ -18086,8 +18452,7 @@ struct Table {
 #define TF_HasStored      0x00000040 /* Has one or more STORED columns */
 #define TF_HasGenerated   0x00000060 /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
 #define TF_WithoutRowid   0x00000080 /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
-#define TF_StatsUsed      0x00000100 /* Query planner decisions affected by
-                                     ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
+#define TF_MaybeReanalyze 0x00000100 /* Maybe run ANALYZE on this table */
 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid 0x00000200 /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
 #define TF_OOOHidden      0x00000400 /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
 #define TF_HasNotNull     0x00000800 /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
@@ -18143,6 +18508,15 @@ struct Table {
 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
 
+/* Macro is true if the SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW (mis-)feature is
+** available.  By default, this macro is false
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+# define ViewCanHaveRowid     0
+#else
+# define ViewCanHaveRowid     (sqlite3Config.mNoVisibleRowid==0)
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
 **
@@ -18380,6 +18754,7 @@ struct Index {
   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
+  unsigned bLowQual:1;     /* sqlite_stat1 says this is a low-quality index */
   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
@@ -18490,6 +18865,10 @@ struct AggInfo {
     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
     int iDistAddr;           /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
+    int iOBTab;              /* Ephemeral table to implement ORDER BY */
+    u8 bOBPayload;           /* iOBTab has payload columns separate from key */
+    u8 bOBUnique;            /* Enforce uniqueness on iOBTab keys */
+    u8 bUseSubtype;          /* Transfer subtype info through sorter */
   } *aFunc;
   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
   u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
@@ -18674,7 +19053,7 @@ struct Expr {
 #define EP_Reduced    0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x010000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
-                   /* 0x020000 // Available for reuse */
+#define EP_FullSize   0x020000 /* Expr structure must remain full sized */
 #define EP_IfNullRow  0x040000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
 #define EP_Unlikely   0x080000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x100000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
@@ -18704,6 +19083,7 @@ struct Expr {
 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_OuterON|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_OuterON|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
+#define ExprIsFullSize(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly))==0)
 
 /* Macros used to ensure that the correct members of unions are accessed
 ** in Expr.
@@ -18821,6 +19201,7 @@ struct ExprList {
 #define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
 #define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
 #define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
+#define ENAME_ROWID 3       /* "DB.TABLE._rowid_" for * expansion of rowid */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
@@ -18871,10 +19252,12 @@ struct IdList {
 **
 ** Union member validity:
 **
-**    u1.zIndexedBy          fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc
-**    u1.pFuncArg            fg.isTabFunc   && !fg.isIndexedBy
-**    u2.pIBIndex            fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isCte
-**    u2.pCteUse             fg.isCte       && !fg.isIndexedBy
+**    u1.zIndexedBy      fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc
+**    u1.pFuncArg        fg.isTabFunc   && !fg.isIndexedBy
+**    u1.nRow            !fg.isTabFunc  && !fg.isIndexedBy
+**
+**    u2.pIBIndex        fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isCte
+**    u2.pCteUse         fg.isCte       && !fg.isIndexedBy
 */
 struct SrcItem {
   Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
@@ -18902,6 +19285,7 @@ struct SrcItem {
     unsigned isOn :1;          /* u3.pOn was once valid and non-NULL */
     unsigned isSynthUsing :1;  /* u3.pUsing is synthesized from NATURAL */
     unsigned isNestedFrom :1;  /* pSelect is a SF_NestedFrom subquery */
+    unsigned rowidUsed :1;     /* The ROWID of this table is referenced */
   } fg;
   int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
   union {
@@ -18912,6 +19296,7 @@ struct SrcItem {
   union {
     char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
     ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
+    u32 nRow;            /* Number of rows in a VALUES clause */
   } u1;
   union {
     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
@@ -19021,6 +19406,7 @@ struct NameContext {
   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
   int nNcErr;          /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
+  u32 nNestedSelect;   /* Number of nested selects using this NC */
   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
 };
 
@@ -19054,6 +19440,7 @@ struct NameContext {
 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x020000 /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
 #define NC_FromDDL   0x040000 /* SQL text comes from sqlite_schema */
 #define NC_NoSelect  0x080000 /* Do not descend into sub-selects */
+#define NC_Where     0x100000 /* Processing WHERE clause of a SELECT */
 #define NC_OrderAgg 0x8000000 /* Has an aggregate other than count/min/max */
 
 /*
@@ -19077,6 +19464,7 @@ struct Upsert {
   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
   Upsert *pNextUpsert;      /* Next ON CONFLICT clause in the list */
   u8 isDoUpdate;            /* True for DO UPDATE.  False for DO NOTHING */
+  u8 isDup;                 /* True if 2nd or later with same pUpsertIdx */
   /* Above this point is the parse tree for the ON CONFLICT clauses.
   ** The next group of fields stores intermediate data. */
   void *pToFree;            /* Free memory when deleting the Upsert object */
@@ -19166,11 +19554,12 @@ struct Select {
 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
 #define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
 #define SF_UFSrcCheck    0x0800000 /* Check pSrc as required by UPDATE...FROM */
-#define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* SELECT has be modified by push-down opt */
+#define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* Modified by WHERE-clause push-down opt */
 #define SF_MultiPart     0x2000000 /* Has multiple incompatible PARTITIONs */
 #define SF_CopyCte       0x4000000 /* SELECT statement is a copy of a CTE */
 #define SF_OrderByReqd   0x8000000 /* The ORDER BY clause may not be omitted */
 #define SF_UpdateFrom   0x10000000 /* Query originates with UPDATE FROM */
+#define SF_Correlated   0x20000000 /* True if references the outer context */
 
 /* True if S exists and has SF_NestedFrom */
 #define IsNestedFrom(S) ((S)!=0 && ((S)->selFlags&SF_NestedFrom)!=0)
@@ -19410,6 +19799,7 @@ struct Parse {
   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
   u8 prepFlags;        /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   u8 withinRJSubrtn;   /* Nesting level for RIGHT JOIN body subroutines */
+  u8 bHasWith;         /* True if statement contains WITH */
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
   u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
 #endif
@@ -19429,6 +19819,7 @@ struct Parse {
   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
   IndexedExpr *pIdxEpr;/* List of expressions used by active indexes */
+  IndexedExpr *pIdxPartExpr; /* Exprs constrained by index WHERE clauses */
   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
@@ -19700,6 +20091,7 @@ struct Returning {
   int iRetCur;          /* Transient table holding RETURNING results */
   int nRetCol;          /* Number of in pReturnEL after expansion */
   int iRetReg;          /* Register array for holding a row of RETURNING */
+  char zName[40];       /* Name of trigger: "sqlite_returning_%p" */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -19735,6 +20127,9 @@ struct sqlite3_str {
 **
 **   3.  Make a (read-only) copy of a read-only RCStr string using
 **       sqlite3RCStrRef().
+**
+** "String" is in the name, but an RCStr object can also be used to hold
+** binary data.
 */
 struct RCStr {
   u64 nRCRef;            /* Number of references */
@@ -19793,6 +20188,9 @@ struct Sqlite3Config {
   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
   u8 bUseLongDouble;                /* Make use of long double */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  u8 bJsonSelfcheck;                /* Double-check JSON parsing */
+#endif
   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
@@ -19840,6 +20238,11 @@ struct Sqlite3Config {
 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+  u32 mNoVisibleRowid;              /* TF_NoVisibleRowid if the ROWID_IN_VIEW
+                                    ** feature is disabled.  0 if rowids can
+                                    ** occur in views. */
+#endif
   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
   int (*xAltLocaltime)(const void*,void*); /* Alternative localtime() routine */
   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
@@ -20000,6 +20403,16 @@ struct CteUse {
 };
 
 
+/* Client data associated with sqlite3_set_clientdata() and
+** sqlite3_get_clientdata().
+*/
+struct DbClientData {
+  DbClientData *pNext;        /* Next in a linked list */
+  void *pData;                /* The data */
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*); /* Destructor.  Might be NULL */
+  char zName[1];              /* Name of this client data. MUST BE LAST */
+};
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
@@ -20066,6 +20479,9 @@ struct Window {
                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
 };
 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3MultiValues(Parse *pParse, Select *pLeft, ExprList *pRow);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MultiValuesEnd(Parse *pParse, Select *pVal);
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
@@ -20285,10 +20701,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
+# define IsOvfl(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IsOverflow(double);
 #else
-# define IsNaN(X)         0
-# define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
+# define IsNaN(X)             0
+# define sqlite3IsNaN(X)      0
+# define sqlite3IsOVerflow(X) 0
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -20380,6 +20799,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteToken(Token*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*);
@@ -20404,10 +20824,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, const Token*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAddFunctionOrderBy(Parse*,Expr*,ExprList*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprOrderByAggregateError(Parse*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,const Expr*,const FuncDef*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDeleteGeneric(sqlite3*,void*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
@@ -20416,6 +20839,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,const Token*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDeleteGeneric(sqlite3*,void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
@@ -20506,6 +20930,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTableGeneric(sqlite3*, void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
@@ -20542,6 +20967,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDeleteGeneric(sqlite3*,void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, Trigger*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
@@ -20627,12 +21053,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Parse*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(Expr*,const SrcList*,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(Expr*,const SrcList*,int,int);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
 #endif
@@ -20640,6 +21064,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(const Expr*, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3RowidAlias(Table *pTab);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
@@ -20767,6 +21192,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8ReadLimited(const u8*, int, u32*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
@@ -20815,7 +21241,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
 
@@ -20911,7 +21339,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchEName(
   const struct ExprList_item*,
   const char*,
   const char*,
-  const char*
+  const char*,
+  int*
 );
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char*);
@@ -20968,7 +21397,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3RCStrRef(char*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RCStrUnref(char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RCStrUnref(void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3RCStrNew(u64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3RCStrResize(char*,u64);
 
@@ -21112,6 +21541,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   Cte *sqlite3CteNew(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3CteDelete(sqlite3*,Cte*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Cte*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3WithDeleteGeneric(sqlite3*,void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   With *sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
 #else
 # define sqlite3CteNew(P,T,E,S)   ((void*)0)
@@ -21124,7 +21554,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   With *sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Upsert*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*,Upsert*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(Upsert*,Index*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(Upsert*);
@@ -21514,6 +21944,9 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
   "ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN),
 # endif
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+  "ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW",
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY
   "ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY",
 #endif
@@ -21804,6 +22237,9 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #ifdef SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS
   "EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS",
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT
+  "EXTRA_AUTOEXT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT),
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_IFNULLROW
   "EXTRA_IFNULLROW",
 #endif
@@ -22085,6 +22521,9 @@ static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS
   "OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS",
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SEH
+  "OMIT_SEH",
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
   "OMIT_SHARED_CACHE",
 #endif
@@ -22483,6 +22922,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config = {
    0,                         /* bSmallMalloc */
    1,                         /* bExtraSchemaChecks */
    sizeof(LONGDOUBLE_TYPE)>8, /* bUseLongDouble */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+   0,                         /* bJsonSelfcheck */
+#endif
    0x7ffffffe,                /* mxStrlen */
    0,                         /* neverCorrupt */
    SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE,  /* szLookaside, nLookaside */
@@ -22525,6 +22967,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config = {
 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
    0,                         /* xTestCallback */
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+   0,                         /* mNoVisibleRowid.  0 == allow rowid-in-view */
+#endif
    0,                         /* bLocaltimeFault */
    0,                         /* xAltLocaltime */
    0x7ffffffe,                /* iOnceResetThreshold */
@@ -23735,7 +24180,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS:
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE:{
       int i;
-      int nRet = 0;
+      u64 nRet = 0;
       assert( SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS==SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT+1 );
       assert( SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE==SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT+2 );
 
@@ -23748,7 +24193,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
       *pHighwater = 0; /* IMP: R-42420-56072 */
                        /* IMP: R-54100-20147 */
                        /* IMP: R-29431-39229 */
-      *pCurrent = nRet;
+      *pCurrent = (int)nRet & 0x7fffffff;
       break;
     }
 
@@ -23845,13 +24290,14 @@ struct DateTime {
   int tz;             /* Timezone offset in minutes */
   double s;           /* Seconds */
   char validJD;       /* True (1) if iJD is valid */
-  char rawS;          /* Raw numeric value stored in s */
   char validYMD;      /* True (1) if Y,M,D are valid */
   char validHMS;      /* True (1) if h,m,s are valid */
-  char validTZ;       /* True (1) if tz is valid */
-  char tzSet;         /* Timezone was set explicitly */
-  char isError;       /* An overflow has occurred */
-  char useSubsec;     /* Display subsecond precision */
+  char nFloor;            /* Days to implement "floor" */
+  unsigned rawS      : 1; /* Raw numeric value stored in s */
+  unsigned isError   : 1; /* An overflow has occurred */
+  unsigned useSubsec : 1; /* Display subsecond precision */
+  unsigned isUtc     : 1; /* Time is known to be UTC */
+  unsigned isLocal   : 1; /* Time is known to be localtime */
 };
 
 
@@ -23949,6 +24395,8 @@ static int parseTimezone(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
     sgn = +1;
   }else if( c=='Z' || c=='z' ){
     zDate++;
+    p->isLocal = 0;
+    p->isUtc = 1;
     goto zulu_time;
   }else{
     return c!=0;
@@ -23961,7 +24409,6 @@ static int parseTimezone(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
   p->tz = sgn*(nMn + nHr*60);
 zulu_time:
   while( sqlite3Isspace(*zDate) ){ zDate++; }
-  p->tzSet = 1;
   return *zDate!=0;
 }
 
@@ -24005,7 +24452,6 @@ static int parseHhMmSs(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
   p->m = m;
   p->s = s + ms;
   if( parseTimezone(zDate, p) ) return 1;
-  p->validTZ = (p->tz!=0)?1:0;
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -24052,16 +24498,41 @@ static void computeJD(DateTime *p){
   p->validJD = 1;
   if( p->validHMS ){
     p->iJD += p->h*3600000 + p->m*60000 + (sqlite3_int64)(p->s*1000 + 0.5);
-    if( p->validTZ ){
+    if( p->tz ){
       p->iJD -= p->tz*60000;
       p->validYMD = 0;
       p->validHMS = 0;
-      p->validTZ = 0;
+      p->tz = 0;
+      p->isUtc = 1;
+      p->isLocal = 0;
     }
   }
 }
 
 /*
+** Given the YYYY-MM-DD information current in p, determine if there
+** is day-of-month overflow and set nFloor to the number of days that
+** would need to be subtracted from the date in order to bring the
+** date back to the end of the month.
+*/
+static void computeFloor(DateTime *p){
+  assert( p->validYMD || p->isError );
+  assert( p->D>=0 && p->D<=31 );
+  assert( p->M>=0 && p->M<=12 );
+  if( p->D<=28 ){
+    p->nFloor = 0;
+  }else if( (1<<p->M) & 0x15aa ){
+    p->nFloor = 0;
+  }else if( p->M!=2 ){
+    p->nFloor = (p->D==31);
+  }else if( p->Y%4!=0 || (p->Y%100==0 && p->Y%400!=0) ){
+    p->nFloor = p->D - 28;
+  }else{
+    p->nFloor = p->D - 29;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
 ** Parse dates of the form
 **
 **     YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.FFF
@@ -24099,12 +24570,16 @@ static int parseYyyyMmDd(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
   p->Y = neg ? -Y : Y;
   p->M = M;
   p->D = D;
-  if( p->validTZ ){
+  computeFloor(p);
+  if( p->tz ){
     computeJD(p);
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
+
+static void clearYMD_HMS_TZ(DateTime *p);  /* Forward declaration */
+
 /*
 ** Set the time to the current time reported by the VFS.
 **
@@ -24114,6 +24589,9 @@ static int setDateTimeToCurrent(sqlite3_context *context, DateTime *p){
   p->iJD = sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(context);
   if( p->iJD>0 ){
     p->validJD = 1;
+    p->isUtc = 1;
+    p->isLocal = 0;
+    clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
     return 0;
   }else{
     return 1;
@@ -24252,7 +24730,7 @@ static void computeYMD_HMS(DateTime *p){
 static void clearYMD_HMS_TZ(DateTime *p){
   p->validYMD = 0;
   p->validHMS = 0;
-  p->validTZ = 0;
+  p->tz = 0;
 }
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
@@ -24384,7 +24862,7 @@ static int toLocaltime(
   p->validHMS = 1;
   p->validJD = 0;
   p->rawS = 0;
-  p->validTZ = 0;
+  p->tz = 0;
   p->isError = 0;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -24404,12 +24882,12 @@ static const struct {
   float rLimit;       /* Maximum NNN value for this transform */
   float rXform;       /* Constant used for this transform */
 } aXformType[] = {
-  { 6, "second", 4.6427e+14,       1.0  },
-  { 6, "minute", 7.7379e+12,      60.0  },
-  { 4, "hour",   1.2897e+11,    3600.0  },
-  { 3, "day",    5373485.0,    86400.0  },
-  { 5, "month",  176546.0,   2592000.0  },
-  { 4, "year",   14713.0,   31536000.0  },
+  /* 0 */ { 6, "second",   4.6427e+14,         1.0  },
+  /* 1 */ { 6, "minute",   7.7379e+12,        60.0  },
+  /* 2 */ { 4, "hour",     1.2897e+11,      3600.0  },
+  /* 3 */ { 3, "day",      5373485.0,      86400.0  },
+  /* 4 */ { 5, "month",    176546.0,  30.0*86400.0  },
+  /* 5 */ { 4, "year",     14713.0,  365.0*86400.0  },
 };
 
 /*
@@ -24441,14 +24919,20 @@ static void autoAdjustDate(DateTime *p){
 **     NNN.NNNN seconds
 **     NNN months
 **     NNN years
+**     +/-YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSS
+**     ceiling
+**     floor
 **     start of month
 **     start of year
 **     start of week
 **     start of day
 **     weekday N
 **     unixepoch
+**     auto
 **     localtime
 **     utc
+**     subsec
+**     subsecond
 **
 ** Return 0 on success and 1 if there is any kind of error. If the error
 ** is in a system call (i.e. localtime()), then an error message is written
@@ -24479,6 +24963,37 @@ static int parseModifier(
       }
       break;
     }
+    case 'c': {
+      /*
+      **    ceiling
+      **
+      ** Resolve day-of-month overflow by rolling forward into the next
+      ** month.  As this is the default action, this modifier is really
+      ** a no-op that is only included for symmetry.  See "floor".
+      */
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "ceiling")==0 ){
+        computeJD(p);
+        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
+        rc = 0;
+        p->nFloor = 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'f': {
+      /*
+      **    floor
+      **
+      ** Resolve day-of-month overflow by rolling back to the end of the
+      ** previous month.
+      */
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "floor")==0 ){
+        computeJD(p);
+        p->iJD -= p->nFloor*86400000;
+        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
+        rc = 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     case 'j': {
       /*
       **    julianday
@@ -24505,7 +25020,9 @@ static int parseModifier(
       ** show local time.
       */
       if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "localtime")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
-        rc = toLocaltime(p, pCtx);
+        rc = p->isLocal ? SQLITE_OK : toLocaltime(p, pCtx);
+        p->isUtc = 0;
+        p->isLocal = 1;
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -24530,7 +25047,7 @@ static int parseModifier(
       }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
       else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "utc")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
-        if( p->tzSet==0 ){
+        if( p->isUtc==0 ){
           i64 iOrigJD;              /* Original localtime */
           i64 iGuess;               /* Guess at the corresponding utc time */
           int cnt = 0;              /* Safety to prevent infinite loop */
@@ -24553,7 +25070,8 @@ static int parseModifier(
           memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
           p->iJD = iGuess;
           p->validJD = 1;
-          p->tzSet = 1;
+          p->isUtc = 1;
+          p->isLocal = 0;
         }
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }
@@ -24573,7 +25091,7 @@ static int parseModifier(
                && r>=0.0 && r<7.0 && (n=(int)r)==r ){
         sqlite3_int64 Z;
         computeYMD_HMS(p);
-        p->validTZ = 0;
+        p->tz = 0;
         p->validJD = 0;
         computeJD(p);
         Z = ((p->iJD + 129600000)/86400000) % 7;
@@ -24613,7 +25131,7 @@ static int parseModifier(
       p->h = p->m = 0;
       p->s = 0.0;
       p->rawS = 0;
-      p->validTZ = 0;
+      p->tz = 0;
       p->validJD = 0;
       if( sqlite3_stricmp(z,"month")==0 ){
         p->D = 1;
@@ -24684,6 +25202,7 @@ static int parseModifier(
         x = p->M>0 ? (p->M-1)/12 : (p->M-12)/12;
         p->Y += x;
         p->M -= x*12;
+        computeFloor(p);
         computeJD(p);
         p->validHMS = 0;
         p->validYMD = 0;
@@ -24730,11 +25249,12 @@ static int parseModifier(
       z += n;
       while( sqlite3Isspace(*z) ) z++;
       n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
-      if( n>10 || n<3 ) break;
+      if( n<3 || n>10 ) break;
       if( sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)z[n-1]]=='s' ) n--;
       computeJD(p);
       assert( rc==1 );
       rRounder = r<0 ? -0.5 : +0.5;
+      p->nFloor = 0;
       for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aXformType); i++){
         if( aXformType[i].nName==n
          && sqlite3_strnicmp(aXformType[i].zName, z, n)==0
@@ -24742,21 +25262,24 @@ static int parseModifier(
         ){
           switch( i ){
             case 4: { /* Special processing to add months */
-              assert( strcmp(aXformType[i].zName,"month")==0 );
+              assert( strcmp(aXformType[4].zName,"month")==0 );
               computeYMD_HMS(p);
               p->M += (int)r;
               x = p->M>0 ? (p->M-1)/12 : (p->M-12)/12;
               p->Y += x;
               p->M -= x*12;
+              computeFloor(p);
               p->validJD = 0;
               r -= (int)r;
               break;
             }
             case 5: { /* Special processing to add years */
               int y = (int)r;
-              assert( strcmp(aXformType[i].zName,"year")==0 );
+              assert( strcmp(aXformType[5].zName,"year")==0 );
               computeYMD_HMS(p);
+              assert( p->M>=0 && p->M<=12 );
               p->Y += y;
+              computeFloor(p);
               p->validJD = 0;
               r -= (int)r;
               break;
@@ -24817,6 +25340,12 @@ static int isDate(
   }
   computeJD(p);
   if( p->isError || !validJulianDay(p->iJD) ) return 1;
+  if( argc==1 && p->validYMD && p->D>28 ){
+    /* Make sure a YYYY-MM-DD is normalized.
+    ** Example: 2023-02-31 -> 2023-03-03 */
+    assert( p->validJD );
+    p->validYMD = 0;
+  }
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -25005,21 +25534,82 @@ static void dateFunc(
 }
 
 /*
+** Compute the number of days after the most recent January 1.
+**
+** In other words, compute the zero-based day number for the
+** current year:
+**
+**   Jan01 = 0,  Jan02 = 1, ..., Jan31 = 30, Feb01 = 31, ...
+**   Dec31 = 364 or 365.
+*/
+static int daysAfterJan01(DateTime *pDate){
+  DateTime jan01 = *pDate;
+  assert( jan01.validYMD );
+  assert( jan01.validHMS );
+  assert( pDate->validJD );
+  jan01.validJD = 0;
+  jan01.M = 1;
+  jan01.D = 1;
+  computeJD(&jan01);
+  return (int)((pDate->iJD-jan01.iJD+43200000)/86400000);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the number of days after the most recent Monday.
+**
+** In other words, return the day of the week according
+** to this code:
+**
+**   0=Monday, 1=Tuesday, 2=Wednesday, ..., 6=Sunday.
+*/
+static int daysAfterMonday(DateTime *pDate){
+  assert( pDate->validJD );
+  return (int)((pDate->iJD+43200000)/86400000) % 7;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the number of days after the most recent Sunday.
+**
+** In other words, return the day of the week according
+** to this code:
+**
+**   0=Sunday, 1=Monday, 2=Tues, ..., 6=Saturday
+*/
+static int daysAfterSunday(DateTime *pDate){
+  assert( pDate->validJD );
+  return (int)((pDate->iJD+129600000)/86400000) % 7;
+}
+
+/*
 **    strftime( FORMAT, TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
 **
 ** Return a string described by FORMAT.  Conversions as follows:
 **
-**   %d  day of month
+**   %d  day of month  01-31
+**   %e  day of month  1-31
 **   %f  ** fractional seconds  SS.SSS
+**   %F  ISO date.  YYYY-MM-DD
+**   %G  ISO year corresponding to %V 0000-9999.
+**   %g  2-digit ISO year corresponding to %V 00-99
 **   %H  hour 00-24
-**   %j  day of year 000-366
+**   %k  hour  0-24  (leading zero converted to space)
+**   %I  hour 01-12
+**   %j  day of year 001-366
 **   %J  ** julian day number
+**   %l  hour  1-12  (leading zero converted to space)
 **   %m  month 01-12
 **   %M  minute 00-59
+**   %p  "am" or "pm"
+**   %P  "AM" or "PM"
+**   %R  time as HH:MM
 **   %s  seconds since 1970-01-01
 **   %S  seconds 00-59
-**   %w  day of week 0-6  Sunday==0
-**   %W  week of year 00-53
+**   %T  time as HH:MM:SS
+**   %u  day of week 1-7  Monday==1, Sunday==7
+**   %w  day of week 0-6  Sunday==0, Monday==1
+**   %U  week of year 00-53  (First Sunday is start of week 01)
+**   %V  week of year 01-53  (First week containing Thursday is week 01)
+**   %W  week of year 00-53  (First Monday is start of week 01)
 **   %Y  year 0000-9999
 **   %%  %
 */
@@ -25044,44 +25634,61 @@ static void strftimeFunc(
   computeJD(&x);
   computeYMD_HMS(&x);
   for(i=j=0; zFmt[i]; i++){
+    char cf;
     if( zFmt[i]!='%' ) continue;
     if( j<i ) sqlite3_str_append(&sRes, zFmt+j, (int)(i-j));
     i++;
     j = i + 1;
-    switch( zFmt[i] ){
-      case 'd': {
-        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, "%02d", x.D);
+    cf = zFmt[i];
+    switch( cf ){
+      case 'd':  /* Fall thru */
+      case 'e': {
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, cf=='d' ? "%02d" : "%2d", x.D);
         break;
       }
-      case 'f': {
+      case 'f': {  /* Fractional seconds.  (Non-standard) */
         double s = x.s;
         if( s>59.999 ) s = 59.999;
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, "%06.3f", s);
         break;
       }
-      case 'H': {
-        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, "%02d", x.h);
+      case 'F': {
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, "%04d-%02d-%02d", x.Y, x.M, x.D);
         break;
       }
-      case 'W': /* Fall thru */
-      case 'j': {
-        int nDay;             /* Number of days since 1st day of year */
+      case 'G': /* Fall thru */
+      case 'g': {
         DateTime y = x;
-        y.validJD = 0;
-        y.M = 1;
-        y.D = 1;
-        computeJD(&y);
-        nDay = (int)((x.iJD-y.iJD+43200000)/86400000);
-        if( zFmt[i]=='W' ){
-          int wd;   /* 0=Monday, 1=Tuesday, ... 6=Sunday */
-          wd = (int)(((x.iJD+43200000)/86400000)%7);
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%02d",(nDay+7-wd)/7);
+        assert( y.validJD );
+        /* Move y so that it is the Thursday in the same week as x */
+        y.iJD += (3 - daysAfterMonday(&x))*86400000;
+        y.validYMD = 0;
+        computeYMD(&y);
+        if( cf=='g' ){
+          sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, "%02d", y.Y%100);
         }else{
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%03d",nDay+1);
+          sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, "%04d", y.Y);
         }
         break;
       }
-      case 'J': {
+      case 'H':
+      case 'k': {
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, cf=='H' ? "%02d" : "%2d", x.h);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'I': /* Fall thru */
+      case 'l': {
+        int h = x.h;
+        if( h>12 ) h -= 12;
+        if( h==0 ) h = 12;
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, cf=='I' ? "%02d" : "%2d", h);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'j': {  /* Day of year.  Jan01==1, Jan02==2, and so forth */
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%03d",daysAfterJan01(&x)+1);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'J': {  /* Julian day number.  (Non-standard) */
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%.16g",x.iJD/86400000.0);
         break;
       }
@@ -25093,6 +25700,19 @@ static void strftimeFunc(
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%02d",x.m);
         break;
       }
+      case 'p': /* Fall thru */
+      case 'P': {
+        if( x.h>=12 ){
+          sqlite3_str_append(&sRes, cf=='p' ? "PM" : "pm", 2);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3_str_append(&sRes, cf=='p' ? "AM" : "am", 2);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'R': {
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, "%02d:%02d", x.h, x.m);
+        break;
+      }
       case 's': {
         if( x.useSubsec ){
           sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%.3f",
@@ -25107,9 +25727,35 @@ static void strftimeFunc(
         sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%02d",(int)x.s);
         break;
       }
-      case 'w': {
-        sqlite3_str_appendchar(&sRes, 1,
-                       (char)(((x.iJD+129600000)/86400000) % 7) + '0');
+      case 'T': {
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%02d:%02d:%02d", x.h, x.m, (int)x.s);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'u':    /* Day of week.  1 to 7.  Monday==1, Sunday==7 */
+      case 'w': {  /* Day of week.  0 to 6.  Sunday==0, Monday==1 */
+        char c = (char)daysAfterSunday(&x) + '0';
+        if( c=='0' && cf=='u' ) c = '7';
+        sqlite3_str_appendchar(&sRes, 1, c);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'U': {  /* Week num. 00-53. First Sun of the year is week 01 */
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%02d",
+              (daysAfterJan01(&x)-daysAfterSunday(&x)+7)/7);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'V': {  /* Week num. 01-53. First week with a Thur is week 01 */
+        DateTime y = x;
+        /* Adjust y so that is the Thursday in the same week as x */
+        assert( y.validJD );
+        y.iJD += (3 - daysAfterMonday(&x))*86400000;
+        y.validYMD = 0;
+        computeYMD(&y);
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%02d", daysAfterJan01(&y)/7+1);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'W': {  /* Week num. 00-53. First Mon of the year is week 01 */
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%02d",
+           (daysAfterJan01(&x)-daysAfterMonday(&x)+7)/7);
         break;
       }
       case 'Y': {
@@ -25258,9 +25904,7 @@ static void timediffFunc(
     d1.iJD = d2.iJD - d1.iJD;
     d1.iJD += (u64)1486995408 * (u64)100000;
   }
-  d1.validYMD = 0;
-  d1.validHMS = 0;
-  d1.validTZ = 0;
+  clearYMD_HMS_TZ(&d1);
   computeYMD_HMS(&d1);
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&sRes, 0, 0, 0, 100);
   sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes, "%c%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%06.3f",
@@ -25329,6 +25973,36 @@ static void currentTimeFunc(
 }
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
+/*
+**   datedebug(...)
+**
+** This routine returns JSON that describes the internal DateTime object.
+** Used for debugging and testing only.  Subject to change.
+*/
+static void datedebugFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  DateTime x;
+  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
+    char *zJson;
+    zJson = sqlite3_mprintf(
+      "{iJD:%lld,Y:%d,M:%d,D:%d,h:%d,m:%d,tz:%d,"
+      "s:%.3f,validJD:%d,validYMS:%d,validHMS:%d,"
+      "nFloor:%d,rawS:%d,isError:%d,useSubsec:%d,"
+      "isUtc:%d,isLocal:%d}",
+      x.iJD, x.Y, x.M, x.D, x.h, x.m, x.tz,
+      x.s, x.validJD, x.validYMD, x.validHMS,
+      x.nFloor, x.rawS, x.isError, x.useSubsec,
+      x.isUtc, x.isLocal);
+    sqlite3_result_text(context, zJson, -1, sqlite3_free);
+  }
+}
+#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS && SQLITE_DEBUG */
+
+
 /*
 ** This function registered all of the above C functions as SQL
 ** functions.  This should be the only routine in this file with
@@ -25344,6 +26018,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void){
     PURE_DATE(datetime,         -1, 0, 0, datetimeFunc  ),
     PURE_DATE(strftime,         -1, 0, 0, strftimeFunc  ),
     PURE_DATE(timediff,          2, 0, 0, timediffFunc  ),
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    PURE_DATE(datedebug,        -1, 0, 0, datedebugFunc ),
+#endif
     DFUNCTION(current_time,      0, 0, 0, ctimeFunc     ),
     DFUNCTION(current_timestamp, 0, 0, 0, ctimestampFunc),
     DFUNCTION(current_date,      0, 0, 0, cdateFunc     ),
@@ -28198,7 +28875,7 @@ static void checkMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST<2 );
   assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION<2 );
 
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( ((CheckMutex*)p)->iType<2 )
 #endif
   {
@@ -28870,7 +29547,7 @@ static sqlite3_mutex *pthreadMutexAlloc(int iType){
 */
 static void pthreadMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( p->nRef==0 );
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE )
 #endif
   {
@@ -29223,7 +29900,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void){
   SQLITE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
 #elif defined(__GNUC__)
   __sync_synchronize();
-#elif MSVC_VERSION>=1300
+#elif MSVC_VERSION>=1400
   _ReadWriteBarrier();
 #elif defined(MemoryBarrier)
   MemoryBarrier();
@@ -29759,6 +30436,24 @@ static void sqlite3MallocAlarm(int nByte){
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** This routine is called whenever an out-of-memory condition is seen,
+** It's only purpose to to serve as a breakpoint for gdb or similar
+** code debuggers when working on out-of-memory conditions, for example
+** caused by PRAGMA hard_heap_limit=N.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE void test_oom_breakpoint(u64 n){
+  static u64 nOomFault = 0;
+  nOomFault += n;
+  /* The assert() is never reached in a human lifetime.  It  is here mostly
+  ** to prevent code optimizers from optimizing out this function. */
+  assert( (nOomFault>>32) < 0xffffffff );
+}
+#else
+# define test_oom_breakpoint(X)   /* No-op for production builds */
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Do a memory allocation with statistics and alarms.  Assume the
 ** lock is already held.
@@ -29785,6 +30480,7 @@ static void mallocWithAlarm(int n, void **pp){
       if( mem0.hardLimit ){
         nUsed = sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED);
         if( nUsed >= mem0.hardLimit - nFull ){
+          test_oom_breakpoint(1);
           *pp = 0;
           return;
         }
@@ -30073,6 +30769,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void *pOld, u64 nBytes){
       sqlite3MallocAlarm(nDiff);
       if( mem0.hardLimit>0 && nUsed >= mem0.hardLimit - nDiff ){
         sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
+        test_oom_breakpoint(1);
         return 0;
       }
     }
@@ -30434,7 +31131,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3* db, int rc){
   if( db->mallocFailed || rc ){
     return apiHandleError(db, rc);
   }
-  return rc & db->errMask;
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /************** End of malloc.c **********************************************/
@@ -30939,6 +31636,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
         if( xtype==etFLOAT ){
           iRound = -precision;
         }else if( xtype==etGENERIC ){
+          if( precision==0 ) precision = 1;
           iRound = precision;
         }else{
           iRound = precision+1;
@@ -30974,13 +31672,14 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
         }
 
         exp = s.iDP-1;
-        if( xtype==etGENERIC && precision>0 ) precision--;
 
         /*
         ** If the field type is etGENERIC, then convert to either etEXP
         ** or etFLOAT, as appropriate.
         */
         if( xtype==etGENERIC ){
+          assert( precision>0 );
+          precision--;
           flag_rtz = !flag_alternateform;
           if( exp<-4 || exp>precision ){
             xtype = etEXP;
@@ -31296,9 +31995,13 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(
           sqlite3_str_appendall(pAccum, pItem->zAlias);
         }else{
           Select *pSel = pItem->pSelect;
-          assert( pSel!=0 );
+          assert( pSel!=0 ); /* Because of tag-20240424-1 */
           if( pSel->selFlags & SF_NestedFrom ){
             sqlite3_str_appendf(pAccum, "(join-%u)", pSel->selId);
+          }else if( pSel->selFlags & SF_MultiValue ){
+            assert( !pItem->fg.isTabFunc && !pItem->fg.isIndexedBy );
+            sqlite3_str_appendf(pAccum, "%u-ROW VALUES CLAUSE",
+                                pItem->u1.nRow);
           }else{
             sqlite3_str_appendf(pAccum, "(subquery-%u)", pSel->selId);
           }
@@ -31810,7 +32513,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendf(StrAccum *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
 
 
 /*****************************************************************************
-** Reference counted string storage
+** Reference counted string/blob storage
 *****************************************************************************/
 
 /*
@@ -31830,7 +32533,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3RCStrRef(char *z){
 ** Decrease the reference count by one.  Free the string when the
 ** reference count reaches zero.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RCStrUnref(char *z){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RCStrUnref(void *z){
   RCStr *p = (RCStr*)z;
   assert( p!=0 );
   p--;
@@ -32075,8 +32778,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView *pView, const SrcList *pSrc)
     x.printfFlags |= SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL;
     sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "{%d:*} %!S", pItem->iCursor, pItem);
     if( pItem->pTab ){
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " tab=%Q nCol=%d ptr=%p used=%llx",
-           pItem->pTab->zName, pItem->pTab->nCol, pItem->pTab, pItem->colUsed);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " tab=%Q nCol=%d ptr=%p used=%llx%s",
+           pItem->pTab->zName, pItem->pTab->nCol, pItem->pTab,
+           pItem->colUsed,
+           pItem->fg.rowidUsed ? "+rowid" : "");
     }
     if( (pItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT))==(JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT) ){
       sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " FULL-OUTER-JOIN");
@@ -32116,12 +32821,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView *pView, const SrcList *pSrc)
       sqlite3TreeViewIdList(pView, pItem->u3.pUsing, (--n)>0, "USING");
     }
     if( pItem->pSelect ){
+      sqlite3TreeViewPush(&pView, i+1<pSrc->nSrc);
       if( pItem->pTab ){
         Table *pTab = pItem->pTab;
         sqlite3TreeViewColumnList(pView, pTab->aCol, pTab->nCol, 1);
       }
       assert( (int)pItem->fg.isNestedFrom == IsNestedFrom(pItem->pSelect) );
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, (--n)>0);
+      sqlite3TreeViewPop(&pView);
     }
     if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
       sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pItem->u1.pFuncArg, 0, "func-args:");
@@ -32225,7 +32932,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 m
       sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "LIMIT", (n--)>0);
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit->pLeft, p->pLimit->pRight!=0);
       if( p->pLimit->pRight ){
-        sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
+        sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", 0);
         sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit->pRight, 0);
         sqlite3TreeViewPop(&pView);
       }
@@ -32293,6 +33000,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView *pView, const Window *pWin, u
     sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "FILTER", 1);
     sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pWin->pFilter, 0);
     sqlite3TreeViewPop(&pView);
+    if( pWin->eFrmType==TK_FILTER ) return;
   }
   sqlite3TreeViewPush(&pView, more);
   if( pWin->zName ){
@@ -32302,7 +33010,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView *pView, const Window *pWin, u
   }
   if( pWin->zBase )    nElement++;
   if( pWin->pOrderBy ) nElement++;
-  if( pWin->eFrmType ) nElement++;
+  if( pWin->eFrmType!=0 && pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER ) nElement++;
   if( pWin->eExclude ) nElement++;
   if( pWin->zBase ){
     sqlite3TreeViewPush(&pView, (--nElement)>0);
@@ -32315,7 +33023,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView *pView, const Window *pWin, u
   if( pWin->pOrderBy ){
     sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pWin->pOrderBy, (--nElement)>0, "ORDER-BY");
   }
-  if( pWin->eFrmType ){
+  if( pWin->eFrmType!=0 && pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER ){
     char zBuf[30];
     const char *zFrmType = "ROWS";
     if( pWin->eFrmType==TK_RANGE ) zFrmType = "RANGE";
@@ -32563,7 +33271,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
         assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
         pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-        pWin = ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ? pExpr->y.pWin : 0;
+        pWin = IsWindowFunc(pExpr) ? pExpr->y.pWin : 0;
 #else
         pWin = 0;
 #endif
@@ -32589,7 +33297,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
         sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FUNCTION %Q%s", pExpr->u.zToken, zFlgs);
       }
       if( pFarg ){
-        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pFarg, pWin!=0, 0);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pFarg, pWin!=0 || pExpr->pLeft, 0);
+        if( pExpr->pLeft ){
+          Expr *pOB = pExpr->pLeft;
+          assert( pOB->op==TK_ORDER );
+          assert( ExprUseXList(pOB) );
+          sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pOB->x.pList, pWin!=0, "ORDERBY");
+        }
       }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
       if( pWin ){
@@ -32598,6 +33312,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
 #endif
       break;
     }
+    case TK_ORDER: {
+      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, 0, "ORDERBY");
+      break;
+    }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     case TK_EXISTS: {
       assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
@@ -32651,7 +33369,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 m
       assert( pExpr->x.pList->nExpr==2 );
       pY = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
       pZ = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "BETWEEN");
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "BETWEEN%s", zFlgs);
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pX, 1);
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pY, 1);
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pZ, 0);
@@ -33786,7 +34504,38 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(
   return c;
 }
 
-
+/*
+** Read a single UTF8 character out of buffer z[], but reading no
+** more than n characters from the buffer.  z[] is not zero-terminated.
+**
+** Return the number of bytes used to construct the character.
+**
+** Invalid UTF8 might generate a strange result.  No effort is made
+** to detect invalid UTF8.
+**
+** At most 4 bytes will be read out of z[].  The return value will always
+** be between 1 and 4.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8ReadLimited(
+  const u8 *z,
+  int n,
+  u32 *piOut
+){
+  u32 c;
+  int i = 1;
+  assert( n>0 );
+  c = z[0];
+  if( c>=0xc0 ){
+    c = sqlite3Utf8Trans1[c-0xc0];
+    if( n>4 ) n = 4;
+    while( i<n && (z[i] & 0xc0)==0x80 ){
+      c = (c<<6) + (0x3f & z[i]);
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+  *piOut = c;
+  return i;
+}
 
 
 /*
@@ -34228,6 +34977,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsNaN(double x){
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+/*
+** Return true if the floating point value is NaN or +Inf or -Inf.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsOverflow(double x){
+  int rc;   /* The value return */
+  u64 y;
+  memcpy(&y,&x,sizeof(y));
+  rc = IsOvfl(y);
+  return rc;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
+
 /*
 ** Compute a string length that is limited to what can be stored in
 ** lower 30 bits of a 32-bit signed integer.
@@ -34301,7 +35063,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3 *db){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3 *db, int rc){
   if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) return;
-#ifdef SQLITE_USE_SEH
+#if defined(SQLITE_USE_SEH) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL)
   if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE ){
     int ii;
     int iErr;
@@ -34362,12 +35124,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ProgressCheck(Parse *p){
     p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
   }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  if( db->xProgress && (++p->nProgressSteps)>=db->nProgressOps ){
-    if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
-      p->nErr++;
-      p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
+  if( db->xProgress ){
+    if( p->rc==SQLITE_INTERRUPT ){
+      p->nProgressSteps = 0;
+    }else if( (++p->nProgressSteps)>=db->nProgressOps ){
+      if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
+        p->nErr++;
+        p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
+      }
+      p->nProgressSteps = 0;
     }
-    p->nProgressSteps = 0;
   }
 #endif
 }
@@ -34468,6 +35234,44 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr *p){
 }
 
 /*
+** Expression p is a QNUMBER (quoted number). Dequote the value in p->u.zToken
+** and set the type to INTEGER or FLOAT. "Quoted" integers or floats are those
+** that contain '_' characters that must be removed before further processing.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteNumber(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
+  assert( p!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+  if( p ){
+    const char *pIn = p->u.zToken;
+    char *pOut = p->u.zToken;
+    int bHex = (pIn[0]=='0' && (pIn[1]=='x' || pIn[1]=='X'));
+    int iValue;
+    assert( p->op==TK_QNUMBER );
+    p->op = TK_INTEGER;
+    do {
+      if( *pIn!=SQLITE_DIGIT_SEPARATOR ){
+        *pOut++ = *pIn;
+        if( *pIn=='e' || *pIn=='E' || *pIn=='.' ) p->op = TK_FLOAT;
+      }else{
+        if( (bHex==0 && (!sqlite3Isdigit(pIn[-1]) || !sqlite3Isdigit(pIn[1])))
+         || (bHex==1 && (!sqlite3Isxdigit(pIn[-1]) || !sqlite3Isxdigit(pIn[1])))
+        ){
+          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unrecognized token: \"%s\"", p->u.zToken);
+        }
+      }
+    }while( *pIn++ );
+    if( bHex ) p->op = TK_INTEGER;
+
+    /* tag-20240227-a: If after dequoting, the number is an integer that
+    ** fits in 32 bits, then it must be converted into EP_IntValue.  Other
+    ** parts of the code expect this.  See also tag-20240227-b. */
+    if( p->op==TK_INTEGER && sqlite3GetInt32(p->u.zToken, &iValue) ){
+      p->u.iValue = iValue;
+      p->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
 ** If the input token p is quoted, try to adjust the token to remove
 ** the quotes.  This is not always possible:
 **
@@ -34783,6 +35587,9 @@ do_atof_calc:
     u64 s2;
     rr[0] = (double)s;
     s2 = (u64)rr[0];
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<1700
+    if( s2==0x8000000000000000LL ){ s2 = 2*(u64)(0.5*rr[0]); }
+#endif
     rr[1] = s>=s2 ? (double)(s - s2) : -(double)(s2 - s);
     if( e>0 ){
       while( e>=100  ){
@@ -35185,29 +35992,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FpDecode(FpDecode *p, double r, int iRound, int mxRou
     double rr[2];
     rr[0] = r;
     rr[1] = 0.0;
-    if( rr[0]>1.84e+19 ){
-      while( rr[0]>1.84e+119 ){
+    if( rr[0]>9.223372036854774784e+18 ){
+      while( rr[0]>9.223372036854774784e+118 ){
         exp += 100;
         dekkerMul2(rr, 1.0e-100, -1.99918998026028836196e-117);
       }
-      while( rr[0]>1.84e+29 ){
+      while( rr[0]>9.223372036854774784e+28 ){
         exp += 10;
         dekkerMul2(rr, 1.0e-10, -3.6432197315497741579e-27);
       }
-      while( rr[0]>1.84e+19 ){
+      while( rr[0]>9.223372036854774784e+18 ){
         exp += 1;
         dekkerMul2(rr, 1.0e-01, -5.5511151231257827021e-18);
       }
     }else{
-      while( rr[0]<1.84e-82  ){
+      while( rr[0]<9.223372036854774784e-83  ){
         exp -= 100;
         dekkerMul2(rr, 1.0e+100, -1.5902891109759918046e+83);
       }
-      while( rr[0]<1.84e+08  ){
+      while( rr[0]<9.223372036854774784e+07  ){
         exp -= 10;
         dekkerMul2(rr, 1.0e+10, 0.0);
       }
-      while( rr[0]<1.84e+18  ){
+      while( rr[0]<9.22337203685477478e+17  ){
         exp -= 1;
         dekkerMul2(rr, 1.0e+01, 0.0);
       }
@@ -35225,7 +36032,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FpDecode(FpDecode *p, double r, int iRound, int mxRou
   assert( p->n>0 );
   assert( p->n<sizeof(p->zBuf) );
   p->iDP = p->n + exp;
-  if( iRound<0 ){
+  if( iRound<=0 ){
     iRound = p->iDP - iRound;
     if( iRound==0 && p->zBuf[i+1]>='5' ){
       iRound = 1;
@@ -35523,121 +36330,32 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *p, u64 *v){
 ** this function assumes the single-byte case has already been handled.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v){
-  u32 a,b;
+  u64 v64;
+  u8 n;
 
-  /* The 1-byte case.  Overwhelmingly the most common.  Handled inline
-  ** by the getVarin32() macro */
-  a = *p;
-  /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
-#ifndef getVarint32
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values between 0 and 127 */
-    *v = a;
-    return 1;
-  }
-#endif
+  /* Assume that the single-byte case has already been handled by
+  ** the getVarint32() macro */
+  assert( (p[0] & 0x80)!=0 );
 
-  /* The 2-byte case */
-  p++;
-  b = *p;
-  /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values between 128 and 16383 */
-    a &= 0x7f;
-    a = a<<7;
-    *v = a | b;
+  if( (p[1] & 0x80)==0 ){
+    /* This is the two-byte case */
+    *v = ((p[0]&0x7f)<<7) | p[1];
     return 2;
   }
-
-  /* The 3-byte case */
-  p++;
-  a = a<<14;
-  a |= *p;
-  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values between 16384 and 2097151 */
-    a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    b &= 0x7f;
-    b = b<<7;
-    *v = a | b;
+  if( (p[2] & 0x80)==0 ){
+    /* This is the three-byte case */
+    *v = ((p[0]&0x7f)<<14) | ((p[1]&0x7f)<<7) | p[2];
     return 3;
   }
-
-  /* A 32-bit varint is used to store size information in btrees.
-  ** Objects are rarely larger than 2MiB limit of a 3-byte varint.
-  ** A 3-byte varint is sufficient, for example, to record the size
-  ** of a 1048569-byte BLOB or string.
-  **
-  ** We only unroll the first 1-, 2-, and 3- byte cases.  The very
-  ** rare larger cases can be handled by the slower 64-bit varint
-  ** routine.
-  */
-#if 1
-  {
-    u64 v64;
-    u8 n;
-
-    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p-2, &v64);
-    assert( n>3 && n<=9 );
-    if( (v64 & SQLITE_MAX_U32)!=v64 ){
-      *v = 0xffffffff;
-    }else{
-      *v = (u32)v64;
-    }
-    return n;
-  }
-
-#else
-  /* For following code (kept for historical record only) shows an
-  ** unrolling for the 3- and 4-byte varint cases.  This code is
-  ** slightly faster, but it is also larger and much harder to test.
-  */
-  p++;
-  b = b<<14;
-  b |= *p;
-  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(b&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values between 2097152 and 268435455 */
-    b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
-    a = a<<7;
-    *v = a | b;
-    return 4;
-  }
-
-  p++;
-  a = a<<14;
-  a |= *p;
-  /* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
-  if (!(a&0x80))
-  {
-    /* Values  between 268435456 and 34359738367 */
-    a &= SLOT_4_2_0;
-    b &= SLOT_4_2_0;
-    b = b<<7;
-    *v = a | b;
-    return 5;
-  }
-
-  /* We can only reach this point when reading a corrupt database
-  ** file.  In that case we are not in any hurry.  Use the (relatively
-  ** slow) general-purpose sqlite3GetVarint() routine to extract the
-  ** value. */
-  {
-    u64 v64;
-    u8 n;
-
-    p -= 4;
-    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p, &v64);
-    assert( n>5 && n<=9 );
+  /* four or more bytes */
+  n = sqlite3GetVarint(p, &v64);
+  assert( n>3 && n<=9 );
+  if( (v64 & SQLITE_MAX_U32)!=v64 ){
+    *v = 0xffffffff;
+  }else{
     *v = (u32)v64;
-    return n;
   }
-#endif
+  return n;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -36492,7 +37210,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
     /*  30 */ "SeekRowid"        OpHelp("intkey=r[P3]"),
     /*  31 */ "NotExists"        OpHelp("intkey=r[P3]"),
     /*  32 */ "Last"             OpHelp(""),
-    /*  33 */ "IfSmaller"        OpHelp(""),
+    /*  33 */ "IfSizeBetween"    OpHelp(""),
     /*  34 */ "SorterSort"       OpHelp(""),
     /*  35 */ "Sort"             OpHelp(""),
     /*  36 */ "Rewind"           OpHelp(""),
@@ -36537,7 +37255,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
     /*  75 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
     /*  76 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
     /*  77 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
-    /*  78 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)"),
+    /*  78 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1)"),
     /*  79 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
     /*  80 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
     /*  81 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
@@ -36633,19 +37351,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int i){
     /* 171 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
     /* 172 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
     /* 173 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 174 */ "VInitIn"          OpHelp("r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)"),
-    /* 175 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
-    /* 176 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 177 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 178 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
-    /* 179 */ "ClrSubtype"       OpHelp("r[P1].subtype = 0"),
-    /* 180 */ "FilterAdd"        OpHelp("filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)"),
-    /* 181 */ "Trace"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 182 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 183 */ "ReleaseReg"       OpHelp("release r[P1@P2] mask P3"),
-    /* 184 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
-    /* 185 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 186 */ "Abortable"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 174 */ "VCheck"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 175 */ "VInitIn"          OpHelp("r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)"),
+    /* 176 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
+    /* 177 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 178 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 179 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 180 */ "ClrSubtype"       OpHelp("r[P1].subtype = 0"),
+    /* 181 */ "GetSubtype"       OpHelp("r[P2] = r[P1].subtype"),
+    /* 182 */ "SetSubtype"       OpHelp("r[P2].subtype = r[P1]"),
+    /* 183 */ "FilterAdd"        OpHelp("filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)"),
+    /* 184 */ "Trace"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 185 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 186 */ "ReleaseReg"       OpHelp("release r[P1@P2] mask P3"),
+    /* 187 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
+    /* 188 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 189 */ "Abortable"        OpHelp(""),
   };
   return azName[i];
 }
@@ -38932,8 +39653,12 @@ static int unixLogErrorAtLine(
   ** available, the error message will often be an empty string. Not a
   ** huge problem. Incorrectly concluding that the GNU version is available
   ** could lead to a segfault though.
+  **
+  ** Forum post 3f13857fa4062301 reports that the Android SDK may use
+  ** int-type return, depending on its version.
   */
-#if defined(STRERROR_R_CHAR_P) || defined(__USE_GNU)
+#if (defined(STRERROR_R_CHAR_P) || defined(__USE_GNU)) \
+  && !defined(ANDROID) && !defined(__ANDROID__)
   zErr =
 # endif
   strerror_r(iErrno, aErr, sizeof(aErr)-1);
@@ -40787,9 +41512,6 @@ static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
   unixInodeInfo *pInode;
   afpLockingContext *context = (afpLockingContext *) pFile->lockingContext;
   int skipShared = 0;
-#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
-  int h = pFile->h;
-#endif
 
   assert( pFile );
   OSTRACE(("UNLOCK  %d %d was %d(%d,%d) pid=%d (afp)\n", pFile->h, eFileLock,
@@ -40805,9 +41527,6 @@ static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
   assert( pInode->nShared!=0 );
   if( pFile->eFileLock>SHARED_LOCK ){
     assert( pInode->eFileLock==pFile->eFileLock );
-    SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
-    SimulateIOError( h=(-1) )
-    SimulateIOErrorBenign(0);
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     /* When reducing a lock such that other processes can start
@@ -40856,9 +41575,6 @@ static int afpUnlock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock) {
     unsigned long long sharedLockByte = SHARED_FIRST+pInode->sharedByte;
     pInode->nShared--;
     if( pInode->nShared==0 ){
-      SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
-      SimulateIOError( h=(-1) )
-      SimulateIOErrorBenign(0);
       if( !skipShared ){
         rc = afpSetLock(context->dbPath, pFile, sharedLockByte, 1, 0);
       }
@@ -41700,7 +42416,13 @@ static int unixFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
     case SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT: {
       int iOld = pFile->iBusyTimeout;
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT==1
       pFile->iBusyTimeout = *(int*)pArg;
+#elif SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT==2
+      pFile->iBusyTimeout = !!(*(int*)pArg);
+#else
+# error "SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT must be set to 1 or 2"
+#endif
       *(int*)pArg = iOld;
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
@@ -41953,6 +42675,25 @@ static int unixGetpagesize(void){
 ** Either unixShmNode.pShmMutex must be held or unixShmNode.nRef==0 and
 ** unixMutexHeld() is true when reading or writing any other field
 ** in this structure.
+**
+** aLock[SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK]:
+**   This array records the various locks held by clients on each of the
+**   SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK slots. If the aLock[] entry is set to 0, then no
+**   locks are held by the process on this slot. If it is set to -1, then
+**   some client holds an EXCLUSIVE lock on the locking slot. If the aLock[]
+**   value is set to a positive value, then it is the number of shared
+**   locks currently held on the slot.
+**
+** aMutex[SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK]:
+**   Normally, when SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT is not defined, mutex
+**   pShmMutex is used to protect the aLock[] array and the right to
+**   call fcntl() on unixShmNode.hShm to obtain or release locks.
+**
+**   If SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT is defined though, we use an array
+**   of mutexes - one for each locking slot. To read or write locking
+**   slot aLock[iSlot], the caller must hold the corresponding mutex
+**   aMutex[iSlot]. Similarly, to call fcntl() to obtain or release a
+**   lock corresponding to slot iSlot, mutex aMutex[iSlot] must be held.
 */
 struct unixShmNode {
   unixInodeInfo *pInode;     /* unixInodeInfo that owns this SHM node */
@@ -41966,10 +42707,11 @@ struct unixShmNode {
   char **apRegion;           /* Array of mapped shared-memory regions */
   int nRef;                  /* Number of unixShm objects pointing to this */
   unixShm *pFirst;           /* All unixShm objects pointing to this */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  sqlite3_mutex *aMutex[SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK];
+#endif
   int aLock[SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK];  /* # shared locks on slot, -1==excl lock */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  u8 exclMask;               /* Mask of exclusive locks held */
-  u8 sharedMask;             /* Mask of shared locks held */
   u8 nextShmId;              /* Next available unixShm.id value */
 #endif
 };
@@ -42052,16 +42794,35 @@ static int unixShmSystemLock(
   struct flock f;        /* The posix advisory locking structure */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;    /* Result code form fcntl() */
 
-  /* Access to the unixShmNode object is serialized by the caller */
   pShmNode = pFile->pInode->pShmNode;
-  assert( pShmNode->nRef==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->pShmMutex) );
-  assert( pShmNode->nRef>0 || unixMutexHeld() );
+
+  /* Assert that the parameters are within expected range and that the
+  ** correct mutex or mutexes are held. */
+  assert( pShmNode->nRef>=0 );
+  assert( (ofst==UNIX_SHM_DMS && n==1)
+       || (ofst>=UNIX_SHM_BASE && ofst+n<=(UNIX_SHM_BASE+SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK))
+  );
+  if( ofst==UNIX_SHM_DMS ){
+    assert( pShmNode->nRef>0 || unixMutexHeld() );
+    assert( pShmNode->nRef==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->pShmMutex) );
+  }else{
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+    int ii;
+    for(ii=ofst-UNIX_SHM_BASE; ii<ofst-UNIX_SHM_BASE+n; ii++){
+      assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->aMutex[ii]) );
+    }
+#else
+    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->pShmMutex) );
+    assert( pShmNode->nRef>0 );
+#endif
+  }
 
   /* Shared locks never span more than one byte */
   assert( n==1 || lockType!=F_RDLCK );
 
   /* Locks are within range */
   assert( n>=1 && n<=SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK );
+  assert( ofst>=UNIX_SHM_BASE && ofst<=(UNIX_SHM_DMS+SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK) );
 
   if( pShmNode->hShm>=0 ){
     int res;
@@ -42072,7 +42833,7 @@ static int unixShmSystemLock(
     f.l_len = n;
     res = osSetPosixAdvisoryLock(pShmNode->hShm, &f, pFile);
     if( res==-1 ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT) && SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT==1
       rc = (pFile->iBusyTimeout ? SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT : SQLITE_BUSY);
 #else
       rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
@@ -42080,39 +42841,28 @@ static int unixShmSystemLock(
     }
   }
 
-  /* Update the global lock state and do debug tracing */
+  /* Do debug tracing */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  { u16 mask;
   OSTRACE(("SHM-LOCK "));
-  mask = ofst>31 ? 0xffff : (1<<(ofst+n)) - (1<<ofst);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( lockType==F_UNLCK ){
-      OSTRACE(("unlock %d ok", ofst));
-      pShmNode->exclMask &= ~mask;
-      pShmNode->sharedMask &= ~mask;
+      OSTRACE(("unlock %d..%d ok\n", ofst, ofst+n-1));
     }else if( lockType==F_RDLCK ){
-      OSTRACE(("read-lock %d ok", ofst));
-      pShmNode->exclMask &= ~mask;
-      pShmNode->sharedMask |= mask;
+      OSTRACE(("read-lock %d..%d ok\n", ofst, ofst+n-1));
     }else{
       assert( lockType==F_WRLCK );
-      OSTRACE(("write-lock %d ok", ofst));
-      pShmNode->exclMask |= mask;
-      pShmNode->sharedMask &= ~mask;
+      OSTRACE(("write-lock %d..%d ok\n", ofst, ofst+n-1));
     }
   }else{
     if( lockType==F_UNLCK ){
-      OSTRACE(("unlock %d failed", ofst));
+      OSTRACE(("unlock %d..%d failed\n", ofst, ofst+n-1));
     }else if( lockType==F_RDLCK ){
-      OSTRACE(("read-lock failed"));
+      OSTRACE(("read-lock %d..%d failed\n", ofst, ofst+n-1));
     }else{
       assert( lockType==F_WRLCK );
-      OSTRACE(("write-lock %d failed", ofst));
+      OSTRACE(("write-lock %d..%d failed\n", ofst, ofst+n-1));
     }
   }
-  OSTRACE((" - afterwards %03x,%03x\n",
-           pShmNode->sharedMask, pShmNode->exclMask));
-  }
 #endif
 
   return rc;
@@ -42149,6 +42899,11 @@ static void unixShmPurge(unixFile *pFd){
     int i;
     assert( p->pInode==pFd->pInode );
     sqlite3_mutex_free(p->pShmMutex);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK; i++){
+      sqlite3_mutex_free(p->aMutex[i]);
+    }
+#endif
     for(i=0; i<p->nRegion; i+=nShmPerMap){
       if( p->hShm>=0 ){
         osMunmap(p->apRegion[i], p->szRegion);
@@ -42208,7 +42963,20 @@ static int unixLockSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd, unixShmNode *pShmNode){
       pShmNode->isUnlocked = 1;
       rc = SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
     }else{
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+      /* Do not use a blocking lock here. If the lock cannot be obtained
+      ** immediately, it means some other connection is truncating the
+      ** *-shm file. And after it has done so, it will not release its
+      ** lock, but only downgrade it to a shared lock. So no point in
+      ** blocking here. The call below to obtain the shared DMS lock may
+      ** use a blocking lock. */
+      int iSaveTimeout = pDbFd->iBusyTimeout;
+      pDbFd->iBusyTimeout = 0;
+#endif
       rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+      pDbFd->iBusyTimeout = iSaveTimeout;
+#endif
       /* The first connection to attach must truncate the -shm file.  We
       ** truncate to 3 bytes (an arbitrary small number, less than the
       ** -shm header size) rather than 0 as a system debugging aid, to
@@ -42329,6 +43097,18 @@ static int unixOpenSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
         goto shm_open_err;
       }
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+      {
+        int ii;
+        for(ii=0; ii<SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK; ii++){
+          pShmNode->aMutex[ii] = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST);
+          if( pShmNode->aMutex[ii]==0 ){
+            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+            goto shm_open_err;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+#endif
     }
 
     if( pInode->bProcessLock==0 ){
@@ -42550,9 +43330,11 @@ shmpage_out:
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 static int assertLockingArrayOk(unixShmNode *pShmNode){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  return 1;
+#else
   unixShm *pX;
   int aLock[SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK];
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->pShmMutex) );
 
   memset(aLock, 0, sizeof(aLock));
   for(pX=pShmNode->pFirst; pX; pX=pX->pNext){
@@ -42570,13 +43352,14 @@ static int assertLockingArrayOk(unixShmNode *pShmNode){
 
   assert( 0==memcmp(pShmNode->aLock, aLock, sizeof(aLock)) );
   return (memcmp(pShmNode->aLock, aLock, sizeof(aLock))==0);
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 
 /*
 ** Change the lock state for a shared-memory segment.
 **
-** Note that the relationship between SHAREd and EXCLUSIVE locks is a little
+** Note that the relationship between SHARED and EXCLUSIVE locks is a little
 ** different here than in posix.  In xShmLock(), one can go from unlocked
 ** to shared and back or from unlocked to exclusive and back.  But one may
 ** not go from shared to exclusive or from exclusive to shared.
@@ -42591,7 +43374,7 @@ static int unixShmLock(
   unixShm *p;                           /* The shared memory being locked */
   unixShmNode *pShmNode;                /* The underlying file iNode */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                   /* Result code */
-  u16 mask;                             /* Mask of locks to take or release */
+  u16 mask = (1<<(ofst+n)) - (1<<ofst); /* Mask of locks to take or release */
   int *aLock;
 
   p = pDbFd->pShm;
@@ -42626,88 +43409,151 @@ static int unixShmLock(
   ** It is not permitted to block on the RECOVER lock.
   */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
-  assert( (flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK) || pDbFd->iBusyTimeout==0 || (
-         (ofst!=2)                                   /* not RECOVER */
-      && (ofst!=1 || (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask)==0)
-      && (ofst!=0 || (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask)<3)
-      && (ofst<3  || (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask)<(1<<ofst))
-  ));
+  {
+    u16 lockMask = (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask);
+    assert( (flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK) || pDbFd->iBusyTimeout==0 || (
+          (ofst!=2)                                   /* not RECOVER */
+       && (ofst!=1 || lockMask==0 || lockMask==2)
+       && (ofst!=0 || lockMask<3)
+       && (ofst<3  || lockMask<(1<<ofst))
+    ));
+  }
 #endif
 
-  mask = (1<<(ofst+n)) - (1<<ofst);
-  assert( n>1 || mask==(1<<ofst) );
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
-  assert( assertLockingArrayOk(pShmNode) );
-  if( flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK ){
-    if( (p->exclMask|p->sharedMask) & mask ){
-      int ii;
-      int bUnlock = 1;
+  /* Check if there is any work to do. There are three cases:
+  **
+  **    a) An unlock operation where there are locks to unlock,
+  **    b) An shared lock where the requested lock is not already held
+  **    c) An exclusive lock where the requested lock is not already held
+  **
+  ** The SQLite core never requests an exclusive lock that it already holds.
+  ** This is assert()ed below.
+  */
+  assert( flags!=(SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE|SQLITE_SHM_LOCK)
+       || 0==(p->exclMask & mask)
+  );
+  if( ((flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK) && ((p->exclMask|p->sharedMask) & mask))
+   || (flags==(SQLITE_SHM_SHARED|SQLITE_SHM_LOCK) && 0==(p->sharedMask & mask))
+   || (flags==(SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE|SQLITE_SHM_LOCK))
+  ){
 
-      for(ii=ofst; ii<ofst+n; ii++){
-        if( aLock[ii]>((p->sharedMask & (1<<ii)) ? 1 : 0) ){
-          bUnlock = 0;
-        }
+    /* Take the required mutexes. In SETLK_TIMEOUT mode (blocking locks), if
+    ** this is an attempt on an exclusive lock use sqlite3_mutex_try(). If any
+    ** other thread is holding this mutex, then it is either holding or about
+    ** to hold a lock exclusive to the one being requested, and we may
+    ** therefore return SQLITE_BUSY to the caller.
+    **
+    ** Doing this prevents some deadlock scenarios. For example, thread 1 may
+    ** be a checkpointer blocked waiting on the WRITER lock. And thread 2
+    ** may be a normal SQL client upgrading to a write transaction. In this
+    ** case thread 2 does a non-blocking request for the WRITER lock. But -
+    ** if it were to use sqlite3_mutex_enter() then it would effectively
+    ** become a (doomed) blocking request, as thread 2 would block until thread
+    ** 1 obtained WRITER and released the mutex. Since thread 2 already holds
+    ** a lock on a read-locking slot at this point, this breaks the
+    ** anti-deadlock rules (see above).  */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+    int iMutex;
+    for(iMutex=ofst; iMutex<ofst+n; iMutex++){
+      if( flags==(SQLITE_SHM_LOCK|SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE) ){
+        rc = sqlite3_mutex_try(pShmNode->aMutex[iMutex]);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto leave_shmnode_mutexes;
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->aMutex[iMutex]);
       }
+    }
+#else
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
+#endif
 
-      if( bUnlock ){
-        rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_UNLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          memset(&aLock[ofst], 0, sizeof(int)*n);
+    if( ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) ){
+      if( flags & SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK ){
+        /* Case (a) - unlock.  */
+        int bUnlock = 1;
+        assert( (p->exclMask & p->sharedMask)==0 );
+        assert( !(flags & SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE) || (p->exclMask & mask)==mask );
+        assert( !(flags & SQLITE_SHM_SHARED) || (p->sharedMask & mask)==mask );
+
+        /* If this is a SHARED lock being unlocked, it is possible that other
+        ** clients within this process are holding the same SHARED lock. In
+        ** this case, set bUnlock to 0 so that the posix lock is not removed
+        ** from the file-descriptor below.  */
+        if( flags & SQLITE_SHM_SHARED ){
+          assert( n==1 );
+          assert( aLock[ofst]>=1 );
+          if( aLock[ofst]>1 ){
+            bUnlock = 0;
+            aLock[ofst]--;
+            p->sharedMask &= ~mask;
+          }
         }
-      }else if( ALWAYS(p->sharedMask & (1<<ofst)) ){
-        assert( n==1 && aLock[ofst]>1 );
-        aLock[ofst]--;
-      }
 
-      /* Undo the local locks */
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        p->exclMask &= ~mask;
-        p->sharedMask &= ~mask;
-      }
-    }
-  }else if( flags & SQLITE_SHM_SHARED ){
-    assert( n==1 );
-    assert( (p->exclMask & (1<<ofst))==0 );
-    if( (p->sharedMask & mask)==0 ){
-      if( aLock[ofst]<0 ){
-        rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-      }else if( aLock[ofst]==0 ){
-        rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_RDLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
-      }
+        if( bUnlock ){
+          rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_UNLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            memset(&aLock[ofst], 0, sizeof(int)*n);
+            p->sharedMask &= ~mask;
+            p->exclMask &= ~mask;
+          }
+        }
+      }else if( flags & SQLITE_SHM_SHARED ){
+        /* Case (b) - a shared lock.  */
 
-      /* Get the local shared locks */
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        p->sharedMask |= mask;
-        aLock[ofst]++;
-      }
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Make sure no sibling connections hold locks that will block this
-    ** lock.  If any do, return SQLITE_BUSY right away.  */
-    int ii;
-    for(ii=ofst; ii<ofst+n; ii++){
-      assert( (p->sharedMask & mask)==0 );
-      if( ALWAYS((p->exclMask & (1<<ii))==0) && aLock[ii] ){
-        rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+        if( aLock[ofst]<0 ){
+          /* An exclusive lock is held by some other connection. BUSY. */
+          rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+        }else if( aLock[ofst]==0 ){
+          rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_RDLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
+        }
 
-    /* Get the exclusive locks at the system level. Then if successful
-    ** also update the in-memory values. */
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        /* Get the local shared locks */
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          p->sharedMask |= mask;
+          aLock[ofst]++;
+        }
+      }else{
+        /* Case (c) - an exclusive lock.  */
+        int ii;
+
+        assert( flags==(SQLITE_SHM_LOCK|SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE) );
         assert( (p->sharedMask & mask)==0 );
-        p->exclMask |= mask;
+        assert( (p->exclMask & mask)==0 );
+
+        /* Make sure no sibling connections hold locks that will block this
+        ** lock.  If any do, return SQLITE_BUSY right away.  */
         for(ii=ofst; ii<ofst+n; ii++){
-          aLock[ii] = -1;
+          if( aLock[ii] ){
+            rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        /* Get the exclusive locks at the system level. Then if successful
+        ** also update the in-memory values. */
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, ofst+UNIX_SHM_BASE, n);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            p->exclMask |= mask;
+            for(ii=ofst; ii<ofst+n; ii++){
+              aLock[ii] = -1;
+            }
+          }
         }
       }
+      assert( assertLockingArrayOk(pShmNode) );
     }
+
+    /* Drop the mutexes acquired above. */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  leave_shmnode_mutexes:
+    for(iMutex--; iMutex>=ofst; iMutex--){
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->aMutex[iMutex]);
+    }
+#else
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
+#endif
   }
-  assert( assertLockingArrayOk(pShmNode) );
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->pShmMutex);
+
   OSTRACE(("SHM-LOCK shmid-%d, pid-%d got %03x,%03x\n",
            p->id, osGetpid(0), p->sharedMask, p->exclMask));
   return rc;
@@ -42957,11 +43803,16 @@ static int unixFetch(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 iOff, int nAmt, void **pp){
 
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
   if( pFd->mmapSizeMax>0 ){
+    /* Ensure that there is always at least a 256 byte buffer of addressable
+    ** memory following the returned page. If the database is corrupt,
+    ** SQLite may overread the page slightly (in practice only a few bytes,
+    ** but 256 is safe, round, number).  */
+    const int nEofBuffer = 256;
     if( pFd->pMapRegion==0 ){
       int rc = unixMapfile(pFd, -1);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
     }
-    if( pFd->mmapSize >= iOff+nAmt ){
+    if( pFd->mmapSize >= (iOff+nAmt+nEofBuffer) ){
       *pp = &((u8 *)pFd->pMapRegion)[iOff];
       pFd->nFetchOut++;
     }
@@ -43905,12 +44756,19 @@ static int unixOpen(
         rc = SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY;
       }else if( errno!=EISDIR && isReadWrite ){
         /* Failed to open the file for read/write access. Try read-only. */
+        UnixUnusedFd *pReadonly = 0;
         flags &= ~(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
         openFlags &= ~(O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
         flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
         openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
         isReadonly = 1;
-        fd = robust_open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
+        pReadonly = findReusableFd(zName, flags);
+        if( pReadonly ){
+          fd = pReadonly->fd;
+          sqlite3_free(pReadonly);
+        }else{
+          fd = robust_open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
+        }
       }
     }
     if( fd<0 ){
@@ -50314,6 +51172,11 @@ static int winFetch(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 iOff, int nAmt, void **pp){
 
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
   if( pFd->mmapSizeMax>0 ){
+    /* Ensure that there is always at least a 256 byte buffer of addressable
+    ** memory following the returned page. If the database is corrupt,
+    ** SQLite may overread the page slightly (in practice only a few bytes,
+    ** but 256 is safe, round, number).  */
+    const int nEofBuffer = 256;
     if( pFd->pMapRegion==0 ){
       int rc = winMapfile(pFd, -1);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -50322,7 +51185,7 @@ static int winFetch(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 iOff, int nAmt, void **pp){
         return rc;
       }
     }
-    if( pFd->mmapSize >= iOff+nAmt ){
+    if( pFd->mmapSize >= (iOff+nAmt+nEofBuffer) ){
       assert( pFd->pMapRegion!=0 );
       *pp = &((u8 *)pFd->pMapRegion)[iOff];
       pFd->nFetchOut++;
@@ -52801,6 +53664,14 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
     pOut = 0;
   }else{
     sz = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 0)*szPage;
+    if( sz==0 ){
+      sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
+      sqlite3_exec(db, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE; COMMIT;", 0, 0, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        sz = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 0)*szPage;
+      }
+    }
     if( piSize ) *piSize = sz;
     if( mFlags & SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY ){
       pOut = 0;
@@ -56925,7 +57796,7 @@ struct Pager {
   char *zJournal;             /* Name of the journal file */
   int (*xBusyHandler)(void*); /* Function to call when busy */
   void *pBusyHandlerArg;      /* Context argument for xBusyHandler */
-  int aStat[4];               /* Total cache hits, misses, writes, spills */
+  u32 aStat[4];               /* Total cache hits, misses, writes, spills */
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
   int nRead;                  /* Database pages read */
 #endif
@@ -57055,9 +57926,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerDirectReadOk(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
   if( pPager->pWal ){
     u32 iRead = 0;
-    int rc;
-    rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pgno, &iRead);
-    return (rc==SQLITE_OK && iRead==0);
+    (void)sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pgno, &iRead);
+    return iRead==0;
   }
 #endif
   return 1;
@@ -57729,9 +58599,32 @@ static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
     memset(zHeader, 0, sizeof(aJournalMagic)+4);
   }
 
+
+
   /* The random check-hash initializer */
-  sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(pPager->cksumInit), &pPager->cksumInit);
+  if( pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
+    sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(pPager->cksumInit), &pPager->cksumInit);
+  }
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  else{
+    /* The Pager.cksumInit variable is usually randomized above to protect
+    ** against there being existing records in the journal file. This is
+    ** dangerous, as following a crash they may be mistaken for records
+    ** written by the current transaction and rolled back into the database
+    ** file, causing corruption. The following assert statements verify
+    ** that this is not required in "journal_mode=memory" mode, as in that
+    ** case the journal file is always 0 bytes in size at this point.
+    ** It is advantageous to avoid the sqlite3_randomness() call if possible
+    ** as it takes the global PRNG mutex.  */
+    i64 sz = 0;
+    sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->jfd, &sz);
+    assert( sz==0 );
+    assert( pPager->journalOff==journalHdrOffset(pPager) );
+    assert( sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(pPager->jfd) );
+  }
+#endif
   put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+4], pPager->cksumInit);
+
   /* The initial database size */
   put32bits(&zHeader[sizeof(aJournalMagic)+8], pPager->dbOrigSize);
   /* The assumed sector size for this process */
@@ -58375,6 +59268,9 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasSuper, int bCommit){
   return (rc==SQLITE_OK?rc2:rc);
 }
 
+/* Forward reference */
+static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot);
+
 /*
 ** Execute a rollback if a transaction is active and unlock the
 ** database file.
@@ -58403,6 +59299,21 @@ static void pagerUnlockAndRollback(Pager *pPager){
       assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER );
       pager_end_transaction(pPager, 0, 0);
     }
+  }else if( pPager->eState==PAGER_ERROR
+         && pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY
+         && isOpen(pPager->jfd)
+  ){
+    /* Special case for a ROLLBACK due to I/O error with an in-memory
+    ** journal:  We have to rollback immediately, before the journal is
+    ** closed, because once it is closed, all content is forgotten. */
+    int errCode = pPager->errCode;
+    u8 eLock = pPager->eLock;
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_OPEN;
+    pPager->errCode = SQLITE_OK;
+    pPager->eLock = EXCLUSIVE_LOCK;
+    pager_playback(pPager, 1);
+    pPager->errCode = errCode;
+    pPager->eLock = eLock;
   }
   pager_unlock(pPager);
 }
@@ -61258,10 +62169,13 @@ act_like_temp_file:
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char *zName){
   Pager *pPager;
+  const char *p;
   while( zName[-1]!=0 || zName[-2]!=0 || zName[-3]!=0 || zName[-4]!=0 ){
     zName--;
   }
-  pPager = *(Pager**)(zName - 4 - sizeof(Pager*));
+  p = zName - 4 - sizeof(Pager*);
+  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(p) );
+  pPager = *(Pager**)p;
   return pPager->fd;
 }
 
@@ -61895,8 +62809,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerGet(
   DbPage **ppPage,    /* Write a pointer to the page here */
   int flags           /* PAGER_GET_XXX flags */
 ){
-  /* printf("PAGE %u\n", pgno); fflush(stdout); */
+#if 0   /* Trace page fetch by setting to 1 */
+  int rc;
+  printf("PAGE %u\n", pgno);
+  fflush(stdout);
+  rc = pPager->xGet(pPager, pgno, ppPage, flags);
+  if( rc ){
+    printf("PAGE %u failed with 0x%02x\n", pgno, rc);
+    fflush(stdout);
+  }
+  return rc;
+#else
+  /* Normal, high-speed version of sqlite3PagerGet() */
   return pPager->xGet(pPager, pgno, ppPage, flags);
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -62772,6 +63698,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
         rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE, 0);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = pager_write_pagelist(pPager, pList);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->dbSize>pPager->dbFileSize ){
+            char *pTmp = pPager->pTmpSpace;
+            int szPage = (int)pPager->pageSize;
+            memset(pTmp, 0, szPage);
+            rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, pTmp, szPage,
+                      ((i64)pPager->dbSize*pPager->pageSize)-szPage);
+          }
           if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
             rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE, 0);
           }
@@ -63006,11 +63939,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager *pPager){
   a[3] = pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN ? -1 : (int) pPager->dbSize;
   a[4] = pPager->eState;
   a[5] = pPager->errCode;
-  a[6] = pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_HIT];
-  a[7] = pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_MISS];
+  a[6] = (int)pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_HIT] & 0x7fffffff;
+  a[7] = (int)pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_MISS] & 0x7fffffff;
   a[8] = 0;  /* Used to be pPager->nOvfl */
   a[9] = pPager->nRead;
-  a[10] = pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_WRITE];
+  a[10] = (int)pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_WRITE] & 0x7fffffff;
   return a;
 }
 #endif
@@ -63026,7 +63959,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager *pPager){
 ** reset parameter is non-zero, the cache hit or miss count is zeroed before
 ** returning.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerCacheStat(Pager *pPager, int eStat, int reset, int *pnVal){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerCacheStat(Pager *pPager, int eStat, int reset, u64 *pnVal){
 
   assert( eStat==SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
        || eStat==SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
@@ -63262,7 +64195,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerFile(Pager *pPager){
 ** This will be either the rollback journal or the WAL file.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3PagerJrnlFile(Pager *pPager){
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
   return pPager->jfd;
 #else
   return pPager->pWal ? sqlite3WalFile(pPager->pWal) : pPager->jfd;
@@ -63583,7 +64516,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
         }
         assert( state==pPager->eState );
       }
-    }else if( eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF ){
+    }else if( eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
       sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
     }
   }
@@ -63966,7 +64899,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_USE_SEH
+#if defined(SQLITE_USE_SEH) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalSystemErrno(Pager *pPager){
   return sqlite3WalSystemErrno(pPager->pWal);
 }
@@ -65982,6 +66915,19 @@ static int walIteratorInit(Wal *pWal, u32 nBackfill, WalIterator **pp){
 }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+
+
+/*
+** Attempt to enable blocking locks that block for nMs ms. Return 1 if
+** blocking locks are successfully enabled, or 0 otherwise.
+*/
+static int walEnableBlockingMs(Wal *pWal, int nMs){
+  int rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(
+      pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT, (void*)&nMs
+  );
+  return (rc==SQLITE_OK);
+}
+
 /*
 ** Attempt to enable blocking locks. Blocking locks are enabled only if (a)
 ** they are supported by the VFS, and (b) the database handle is configured
@@ -65993,11 +66939,7 @@ static int walEnableBlocking(Wal *pWal){
   if( pWal->db ){
     int tmout = pWal->db->busyTimeout;
     if( tmout ){
-      int rc;
-      rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(
-          pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT, (void*)&tmout
-      );
-      res = (rc==SQLITE_OK);
+      res = walEnableBlockingMs(pWal, tmout);
     }
   }
   return res;
@@ -66046,20 +66988,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalDb(Wal *pWal, sqlite3 *db){
   pWal->db = db;
 }
 
-/*
-** Take an exclusive WRITE lock. Blocking if so configured.
-*/
-static int walLockWriter(Wal *pWal){
-  int rc;
-  walEnableBlocking(pWal);
-  rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1);
-  walDisableBlocking(pWal);
-  return rc;
-}
 #else
 # define walEnableBlocking(x) 0
 # define walDisableBlocking(x)
-# define walLockWriter(pWal) walLockExclusive((pWal), WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1)
+# define walEnableBlockingMs(pWal, ms) 0
 # define sqlite3WalDb(pWal, db)
 #endif   /* ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT */
 
@@ -66660,7 +67592,9 @@ static int walIndexReadHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
       }
     }else{
       int bWriteLock = pWal->writeLock;
-      if( bWriteLock || SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockWriter(pWal)) ){
+      if( bWriteLock
+       || SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK, 1))
+      ){
         pWal->writeLock = 1;
         if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walIndexPage(pWal, 0, &page0)) ){
           badHdr = walIndexTryHdr(pWal, pChanged);
@@ -66668,7 +67602,8 @@ static int walIndexReadHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
             /* If the wal-index header is still malformed even while holding
             ** a WRITE lock, it can only mean that the header is corrupted and
             ** needs to be reconstructed.  So run recovery to do exactly that.
-            */
+            ** Disable blocking locks first.  */
+            walDisableBlocking(pWal);
             rc = walIndexRecover(pWal);
             *pChanged = 1;
           }
@@ -66879,6 +67814,37 @@ static int walBeginShmUnreliable(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 }
 
 /*
+** The final argument passed to walTryBeginRead() is of type (int*). The
+** caller should invoke walTryBeginRead as follows:
+**
+**   int cnt = 0;
+**   do {
+**     rc = walTryBeginRead(..., &cnt);
+**   }while( rc==WAL_RETRY );
+**
+** The final value of "cnt" is of no use to the caller. It is used by
+** the implementation of walTryBeginRead() as follows:
+**
+**   + Each time walTryBeginRead() is called, it is incremented. Once
+**     it reaches WAL_RETRY_PROTOCOL_LIMIT - indicating that walTryBeginRead()
+**     has many times been invoked and failed with WAL_RETRY - walTryBeginRead()
+**     returns SQLITE_PROTOCOL.
+**
+**   + If SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT is defined and walTryBeginRead() failed
+**     because a blocking lock timed out (SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT from the OS
+**     layer), the WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK bit is set in "cnt". In this case
+**     the next invocation of walTryBeginRead() may omit an expected call to
+**     sqlite3OsSleep(). There has already been a delay when the previous call
+**     waited on a lock.
+*/
+#define WAL_RETRY_PROTOCOL_LIMIT 100
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+# define WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK    0x10000000
+#else
+# define WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK    0
+#endif
+
+/*
 ** Attempt to start a read transaction.  This might fail due to a race or
 ** other transient condition.  When that happens, it returns WAL_RETRY to
 ** indicate to the caller that it is safe to retry immediately.
@@ -66928,13 +67894,16 @@ static int walBeginShmUnreliable(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 ** so it takes care to hold an exclusive lock on the corresponding
 ** WAL_READ_LOCK() while changing values.
 */
-static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
+static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int *pCnt){
   volatile WalCkptInfo *pInfo;    /* Checkpoint information in wal-index */
   u32 mxReadMark;                 /* Largest aReadMark[] value */
   int mxI;                        /* Index of largest aReadMark[] value */
   int i;                          /* Loop counter */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code  */
   u32 mxFrame;                    /* Wal frame to lock to */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+  int nBlockTmout = 0;
+#endif
 
   assert( pWal->readLock<0 );     /* Not currently locked */
 
@@ -66958,14 +67927,34 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
   ** so that on the 100th (and last) RETRY we delay for 323 milliseconds.
   ** The total delay time before giving up is less than 10 seconds.
   */
-  if( cnt>5 ){
+  (*pCnt)++;
+  if( *pCnt>5 ){
     int nDelay = 1;                      /* Pause time in microseconds */
-    if( cnt>100 ){
+    int cnt = (*pCnt & ~WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK);
+    if( cnt>WAL_RETRY_PROTOCOL_LIMIT ){
       VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = 1; )
       return SQLITE_PROTOCOL;
     }
-    if( cnt>=10 ) nDelay = (cnt-9)*(cnt-9)*39;
+    if( *pCnt>=10 ) nDelay = (cnt-9)*(cnt-9)*39;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+    /* In SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT builds, configure the file-descriptor
+    ** to block for locks for approximately nDelay us. This affects three
+    ** locks: (a) the shared lock taken on the DMS slot in os_unix.c (if
+    ** using os_unix.c), (b) the WRITER lock taken in walIndexReadHdr() if the
+    ** first attempted read fails, and (c) the shared lock taken on the
+    ** read-mark.
+    **
+    ** If the previous call failed due to an SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT error,
+    ** then sleep for the minimum of 1us. The previous call already provided
+    ** an extra delay while it was blocking on the lock.
+    */
+    nBlockTmout = (nDelay+998) / 1000;
+    if( !useWal && walEnableBlockingMs(pWal, nBlockTmout) ){
+      if( *pCnt & WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK ) nDelay = 1;
+    }
+#endif
     sqlite3OsSleep(pWal->pVfs, nDelay);
+    *pCnt &= ~WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK;
   }
 
   if( !useWal ){
@@ -66973,6 +67962,13 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
     if( pWal->bShmUnreliable==0 ){
       rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, pChanged);
     }
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+    walDisableBlocking(pWal);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ){
+      rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+      *pCnt |= WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK;
+    }
+#endif
     if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
       /* If there is not a recovery running in another thread or process
       ** then convert BUSY errors to WAL_RETRY.  If recovery is known to
@@ -67087,9 +68083,19 @@ static int walTryBeginRead(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged, int useWal, int cnt){
     return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
   }
 
+  (void)walEnableBlockingMs(pWal, nBlockTmout);
   rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
+  walDisableBlocking(pWal);
   if( rc ){
-    return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : rc;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT
+    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT ){
+      *pCnt |= WAL_RETRY_BLOCKED_MASK;
+    }
+#else
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT );
+#endif
+    assert( (rc&0xFF)!=SQLITE_BUSY||rc==SQLITE_BUSY||rc==SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT );
+    return (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : rc;
   }
   /* Now that the read-lock has been obtained, check that neither the
   ** value in the aReadMark[] array or the contents of the wal-index
@@ -67277,7 +68283,7 @@ static int walBeginReadTransaction(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 #endif
 
   do{
-    rc = walTryBeginRead(pWal, pChanged, 0, ++cnt);
+    rc = walTryBeginRead(pWal, pChanged, 0, &cnt);
   }while( rc==WAL_RETRY );
   testcase( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY );
   testcase( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_IOERR );
@@ -67458,6 +68464,7 @@ static int walFindFrame(
         iRead = iFrame;
       }
       if( (nCollide--)==0 ){
+        *piRead = 0;
         return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       }
       iKey = walNextHash(iKey);
@@ -67761,7 +68768,7 @@ static int walRestartLog(Wal *pWal){
     cnt = 0;
     do{
       int notUsed;
-      rc = walTryBeginRead(pWal, &notUsed, 1, ++cnt);
+      rc = walTryBeginRead(pWal, &notUsed, 1, &cnt);
     }while( rc==WAL_RETRY );
     assert( (rc&0xff)!=SQLITE_BUSY ); /* BUSY not possible when useWal==1 */
     testcase( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_IOERR );
@@ -68182,10 +69189,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalCheckpoint(
   if( pWal->readOnly ) return SQLITE_READONLY;
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: checkpoint begins\n", pWal));
 
-  /* Enable blocking locks, if possible. If blocking locks are successfully
-  ** enabled, set xBusy2=0 so that the busy-handler is never invoked. */
+  /* Enable blocking locks, if possible. */
   sqlite3WalDb(pWal, db);
-  (void)walEnableBlocking(pWal);
+  if( xBusy2 ) (void)walEnableBlocking(pWal);
 
   /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-62028-47212 All calls obtain an exclusive
   ** "checkpoint" lock on the database file.
@@ -68226,9 +69232,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalCheckpoint(
   /* Read the wal-index header. */
   SEH_TRY {
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* For a passive checkpoint, do not re-enable blocking locks after
+      ** reading the wal-index header. A passive checkpoint should not block
+      ** or invoke the busy handler. The only lock such a checkpoint may
+      ** attempt to obtain is a lock on a read-slot, and it should give up
+      ** immediately and do a partial checkpoint if it cannot obtain it. */
       walDisableBlocking(pWal);
       rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, &isChanged);
-      (void)walEnableBlocking(pWal);
+      if( eMode2!=SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ) (void)walEnableBlocking(pWal);
       if( isChanged && pWal->pDbFd->pMethods->iVersion>=3 ){
         sqlite3OsUnfetch(pWal->pDbFd, 0, 0);
       }
@@ -68565,7 +69576,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_file *sqlite3WalFile(Wal *pWal){
 **     22       1     Min embedded payload fraction (must be 32)
 **     23       1     Min leaf payload fraction (must be 32)
 **     24       4     File change counter
-**     28       4     Reserved for future use
+**     28       4     The size of the database in pages
 **     32       4     First freelist page
 **     36       4     Number of freelist pages in the file
 **     40      60     15 4-byte meta values passed to higher layers
@@ -69196,7 +70207,7 @@ struct IntegrityCk {
   BtShared *pBt;    /* The tree being checked out */
   Pager *pPager;    /* The associated pager.  Also accessible by pBt->pPager */
   u8 *aPgRef;       /* 1 bit per page in the db (see above) */
-  Pgno nPage;       /* Number of pages in the database */
+  Pgno nCkPage;     /* Pages in the database.  0 for partial check */
   int mxErr;        /* Stop accumulating errors when this reaches zero */
   int nErr;         /* Number of messages written to zErrMsg so far */
   int rc;           /* SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_NOMEM, or SQLITE_INTERRUPT */
@@ -69208,6 +70219,7 @@ struct IntegrityCk {
   StrAccum errMsg;  /* Accumulate the error message text here */
   u32 *heap;        /* Min-heap used for analyzing cell coverage */
   sqlite3 *db;      /* Database connection running the check */
+  i64 nRow;         /* Number of rows visited in current tree */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -69529,7 +70541,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeLeaveCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
 
 /************** End of btmutex.c *********************************************/
 /************** Begin file btree.c *******************************************/
-
 /*
 ** 2004 April 6
 **
@@ -69683,8 +70694,47 @@ int corruptPageError(int lineno, MemPage *p){
 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pMemPage) SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pMemPage->pgno)
 #endif
 
+/* Default value for SHARED_LOCK_TRACE macro if shared-cache is disabled
+** or if the lock tracking is disabled.  This is always the value for
+** release builds.
+*/
+#define SHARED_LOCK_TRACE(X,MSG,TAB,TYPE)  /*no-op*/
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 
+#if 0
+/*  ^----  Change to 1 and recompile to enable shared-lock tracing
+**         for debugging purposes.
+**
+** Print all shared-cache locks on a BtShared.  Debugging use only.
+*/
+static void sharedLockTrace(
+  BtShared *pBt,
+  const char *zMsg,
+  int iRoot,
+  int eLockType
+){
+  BtLock *pLock;
+  if( iRoot>0 ){
+    printf("%s-%p %u%s:", zMsg, pBt, iRoot, eLockType==READ_LOCK?"R":"W");
+  }else{
+    printf("%s-%p:", zMsg, pBt);
+  }
+  for(pLock=pBt->pLock; pLock; pLock=pLock->pNext){
+    printf(" %p/%u%s", pLock->pBtree, pLock->iTable,
+           pLock->eLock==READ_LOCK ? "R" : "W");
+    while( pLock->pNext && pLock->pBtree==pLock->pNext->pBtree ){
+      pLock = pLock->pNext;
+      printf(",%u%s", pLock->iTable, pLock->eLock==READ_LOCK ? "R" : "W");
+    }
+  }
+  printf("\n");
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+#undef SHARED_LOCK_TRACE
+#define SHARED_LOCK_TRACE(X,MSG,TAB,TYPE)  sharedLockTrace(X,MSG,TAB,TYPE)
+#endif /* Shared-lock tracing */
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
 **** This function is only used as part of an assert() statement. ***
@@ -69761,6 +70811,8 @@ static int hasSharedCacheTableLock(
     iTab = iRoot;
   }
 
+  SHARED_LOCK_TRACE(pBtree->pBt,"hasLock",iRoot,eLockType);
+
   /* Search for the required lock. Either a write-lock on root-page iTab, a
   ** write-lock on the schema table, or (if the client is reading) a
   ** read-lock on iTab will suffice. Return 1 if any of these are found.  */
@@ -69894,6 +70946,8 @@ static int setSharedCacheTableLock(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, u8 eLock){
   BtLock *pLock = 0;
   BtLock *pIter;
 
+  SHARED_LOCK_TRACE(pBt,"setLock", iTable, eLock);
+
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
   assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
   assert( p->db!=0 );
@@ -69961,6 +71015,8 @@ static void clearAllSharedCacheTableLocks(Btree *p){
   assert( p->sharable || 0==*ppIter );
   assert( p->inTrans>0 );
 
+  SHARED_LOCK_TRACE(pBt, "clearAllLocks", 0, 0);
+
   while( *ppIter ){
     BtLock *pLock = *ppIter;
     assert( (pBt->btsFlags & BTS_EXCLUSIVE)==0 || pBt->pWriter==pLock->pBtree );
@@ -69999,6 +71055,9 @@ static void clearAllSharedCacheTableLocks(Btree *p){
 */
 static void downgradeAllSharedCacheTableLocks(Btree *p){
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
+
+  SHARED_LOCK_TRACE(pBt, "downgradeLocks", 0, 0);
+
   if( pBt->pWriter==p ){
     BtLock *pLock;
     pBt->pWriter = 0;
@@ -74612,9 +75671,12 @@ static int accessPayload(
       if( pCur->aOverflow==0
        || nOvfl*(int)sizeof(Pgno) > sqlite3MallocSize(pCur->aOverflow)
       ){
-        Pgno *aNew = (Pgno*)sqlite3Realloc(
-            pCur->aOverflow, nOvfl*2*sizeof(Pgno)
-        );
+        Pgno *aNew;
+        if( sqlite3FaultSim(413) ){
+          aNew = 0;
+        }else{
+          aNew = (Pgno*)sqlite3Realloc(pCur->aOverflow, nOvfl*2*sizeof(Pgno));
+        }
         if( aNew==0 ){
           return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
         }else{
@@ -74624,6 +75686,12 @@ static int accessPayload(
       memset(pCur->aOverflow, 0, nOvfl*sizeof(Pgno));
       pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_ValidOvfl;
     }else{
+      /* Sanity check the validity of the overflow page cache */
+      assert( pCur->aOverflow[0]==nextPage
+           || pCur->aOverflow[0]==0
+           || CORRUPT_DB );
+      assert( pCur->aOverflow[0]!=0 || pCur->aOverflow[offset/ovflSize]==0 );
+
       /* If the overflow page-list cache has been allocated and the
       ** entry for the first required overflow page is valid, skip
       ** directly to it.
@@ -74693,7 +75761,6 @@ static int accessPayload(
           assert( aWrite>=pBufStart );                         /* due to (6) */
           memcpy(aSave, aWrite, 4);
           rc = sqlite3OsRead(fd, aWrite, a+4, (i64)pBt->pageSize*(nextPage-1));
-          if( rc && nextPage>pBt->nPage ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
           nextPage = get4byte(aWrite);
           memcpy(aWrite, aSave, 4);
         }else
@@ -75106,6 +76173,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
   return rc;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+/* The cursors is CURSOR_VALID and has BTCF_AtLast set.  Verify that
+** this flags are true for a consistent database.
+**
+** This routine is is called from within assert() statements only.
+** It is an internal verification routine and does not appear in production
+** builds.
+*/
+static int cursorIsAtLastEntry(BtCursor *pCur){
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
+    if( pCur->aiIdx[ii]!=pCur->apPage[ii]->nCell ) return 0;
+  }
+  return pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1 && pCur->pPage->leaf!=0;
+}
+#endif
+
 /* Move the cursor to the last entry in the table.  Return SQLITE_OK
 ** on success.  Set *pRes to 0 if the cursor actually points to something
 ** or set *pRes to 1 if the table is empty.
@@ -75134,18 +76218,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
 
   /* If the cursor already points to the last entry, this is a no-op. */
   if( CURSOR_VALID==pCur->eState && (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_AtLast)!=0 ){
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-    /* This block serves to assert() that the cursor really does point
-    ** to the last entry in the b-tree. */
-    int ii;
-    for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
-      assert( pCur->aiIdx[ii]==pCur->apPage[ii]->nCell );
-    }
-    assert( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1 || CORRUPT_DB );
-    testcase( pCur->ix!=pCur->pPage->nCell-1 );
-    /* ^-- dbsqlfuzz b92b72e4de80b5140c30ab71372ca719b8feb618 */
-    assert( pCur->pPage->leaf );
-#endif
+    assert( cursorIsAtLastEntry(pCur) || CORRUPT_DB );
     *pRes = 0;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
@@ -75198,6 +76271,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTableMoveto(
     }
     if( pCur->info.nKey<intKey ){
       if( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_AtLast)!=0 ){
+        assert( cursorIsAtLastEntry(pCur) || CORRUPT_DB );
         *pRes = -1;
         return SQLITE_OK;
       }
@@ -75664,10 +76738,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeRowCountEst(BtCursor *pCur){
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
 
-  /* Currently this interface is only called by the OP_IfSmaller
-  ** opcode, and it that case the cursor will always be valid and
-  ** will always point to a leaf node. */
-  if( NEVER(pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID) ) return -1;
+  /* Currently this interface is only called by the OP_IfSizeBetween
+  ** opcode and the OP_Count opcode with P3=1.  In either case,
+  ** the cursor will always be valid unless the btree is empty. */
+  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return 0;
   if( NEVER(pCur->pPage->leaf==0) ) return -1;
 
   n = pCur->pPage->nCell;
@@ -75813,7 +76887,10 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur){
   }
 
   pPage = pCur->pPage;
-  assert( pPage->isInit );
+  if( sqlite3FaultSim(412) ) pPage->isInit = 0;
+  if( !pPage->isInit ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  }
   if( !pPage->leaf ){
     int idx = pCur->ix;
     rc = moveToChild(pCur, get4byte(findCell(pPage, idx)));
@@ -76486,7 +77563,10 @@ static int fillInCell(
     n = nHeader + nPayload;
     testcase( n==3 );
     testcase( n==4 );
-    if( n<4 ) n = 4;
+    if( n<4 ){
+      n = 4;
+      pPayload[nPayload] = 0;
+    }
     *pnSize = n;
     assert( nSrc<=nPayload );
     testcase( nSrc<nPayload );
@@ -77024,9 +78104,10 @@ static int rebuildPage(
   int k;                          /* Current slot in pCArray->apEnd[] */
   u8 *pSrcEnd;                    /* Current pCArray->apEnd[k] value */
 
+  assert( nCell>0 );
   assert( i<iEnd );
   j = get2byte(&aData[hdr+5]);
-  if( NEVER(j>(u32)usableSize) ){ j = 0; }
+  if( j>(u32)usableSize ){ j = 0; }
   memcpy(&pTmp[j], &aData[j], usableSize - j);
 
   for(k=0; ALWAYS(k<NB*2) && pCArray->ixNx[k]<=i; k++){}
@@ -77330,6 +78411,7 @@ static int editPage(
   return SQLITE_OK;
  editpage_fail:
   /* Unable to edit this page. Rebuild it from scratch instead. */
+  if( nNew<1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   populateCellCache(pCArray, iNew, nNew);
   return rebuildPage(pCArray, iNew, nNew, pPg);
 }
@@ -77790,7 +78872,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     ** table-interior, index-leaf, or index-interior).
     */
     if( pOld->aData[0]!=apOld[0]->aData[0] ){
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pOld);
       goto balance_cleanup;
     }
 
@@ -77814,7 +78896,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
     memset(&b.szCell[b.nCell], 0, sizeof(b.szCell[0])*(limit+pOld->nOverflow));
     if( pOld->nOverflow>0 ){
       if( NEVER(limit<pOld->aiOvfl[0]) ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pOld);
         goto balance_cleanup;
       }
       limit = pOld->aiOvfl[0];
@@ -78457,7 +79539,7 @@ static int anotherValidCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
      && pOther->eState==CURSOR_VALID
      && pOther->pPage==pCur->pPage
     ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pCur->pPage);
     }
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -78517,7 +79599,7 @@ static int balance(BtCursor *pCur){
       /* The page being written is not a root page, and there is currently
       ** more than one reference to it. This only happens if the page is one
       ** of its own ancestor pages. Corruption. */
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }else{
       MemPage * const pParent = pCur->apPage[iPage-1];
       int const iIdx = pCur->aiIdx[iPage-1];
@@ -78681,7 +79763,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeOverwriteOverflowCell(
     rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, ovflPgno, &pPage, 0);
     if( rc ) return rc;
     if( sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pPage->pDbPage)!=1 || pPage->isInit ){
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }else{
       if( iOffset+ovflPageSize<(u32)nTotal ){
         ovflPgno = get4byte(pPage->aData);
@@ -78709,7 +79791,7 @@ static int btreeOverwriteCell(BtCursor *pCur, const BtreePayload *pX){
   if( pCur->info.pPayload + pCur->info.nLocal > pPage->aDataEnd
    || pCur->info.pPayload < pPage->aData + pPage->cellOffset
   ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   if( pCur->info.nLocal==nTotal ){
     /* The entire cell is local */
@@ -78790,7 +79872,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
       ** Which can only happen if the SQLITE_NoSchemaError flag was set when
       ** the schema was loaded. This cannot be asserted though, as a user might
       ** set the flag, load the schema, and then unset the flag.  */
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pCur->pgnoRoot);
     }
   }
 
@@ -78913,7 +79995,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
   if( pPage->nFree<0 ){
     if( NEVER(pCur->eState>CURSOR_INVALID) ){
      /* ^^^^^--- due to the moveToRoot() call above */
-      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }else{
       rc = btreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage);
     }
@@ -78930,7 +80012,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
   if( flags & BTREE_PREFORMAT ){
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
     szNew = p->pBt->nPreformatSize;
-    if( szNew<4 ) szNew = 4;
+    if( szNew<4 ){
+      szNew = 4;
+      newCell[3] = 0;
+    }
     if( ISAUTOVACUUM(p->pBt) && szNew>pPage->maxLocal ){
       CellInfo info;
       pPage->xParseCell(pPage, newCell, &info);
@@ -78952,7 +80037,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
     CellInfo info;
     assert( idx>=0 );
     if( idx>=pPage->nCell ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
     if( rc ){
@@ -78979,10 +80064,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
       ** necessary to add the PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1 pointer-map entry.  */
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK ); /* clearCell never fails when nLocal==nPayload */
       if( oldCell < pPage->aData+pPage->hdrOffset+10 ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       }
       if( oldCell+szNew > pPage->aDataEnd ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       }
       memcpy(oldCell, newCell, szNew);
       return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -78992,7 +80077,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
   }else if( loc<0 && pPage->nCell>0 ){
     assert( pPage->leaf );
     idx = ++pCur->ix;
-    pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_ValidNKey;
+    pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
   }else{
     assert( pPage->leaf );
   }
@@ -79022,7 +80107,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeInsert(
   */
   if( pPage->nOverflow ){
     assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-    pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey);
+    pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
     rc = balance(pCur);
 
     /* Must make sure nOverflow is reset to zero even if the balance()
@@ -79084,7 +80169,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTransferRow(BtCursor *pDest, BtCursor *pSrc, i64
   nIn = pSrc->info.nLocal;
   aIn = pSrc->info.pPayload;
   if( aIn+nIn>pSrc->pPage->aDataEnd ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pSrc->pPage);
   }
   nRem = pSrc->info.nPayload;
   if( nIn==nRem && nIn<pDest->pPage->maxLocal ){
@@ -79109,7 +80194,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTransferRow(BtCursor *pDest, BtCursor *pSrc, i64
 
     if( nRem>nIn ){
       if( aIn+nIn+4>pSrc->pPage->aDataEnd ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pSrc->pPage);
       }
       ovflIn = get4byte(&pSrc->info.pPayload[nIn]);
     }
@@ -79205,7 +80290,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
       assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || CORRUPT_DB || pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
       if( rc || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return rc;
     }else{
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pCur->pgnoRoot);
     }
   }
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
@@ -79214,14 +80299,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
   iCellIdx = pCur->ix;
   pPage = pCur->pPage;
   if( pPage->nCell<=iCellIdx ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   pCell = findCell(pPage, iCellIdx);
   if( pPage->nFree<0 && btreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage) ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   if( pCell<&pPage->aCellIdx[pPage->nCell] ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
 
   /* If the BTREE_SAVEPOSITION bit is on, then the cursor position must
@@ -79312,7 +80397,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
       n = pCur->pPage->pgno;
     }
     pCell = findCell(pLeaf, pLeaf->nCell-1);
-    if( pCell<&pLeaf->aData[4] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    if( pCell<&pLeaf->aData[4] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pLeaf);
     nCell = pLeaf->xCellSize(pLeaf, pCell);
     assert( MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) >= nCell );
     pTmp = pBt->pTmpSpace;
@@ -79428,7 +80513,7 @@ static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, Pgno *piTable, int createTabFlags){
     */
     sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(p, BTREE_LARGEST_ROOT_PAGE, &pgnoRoot);
     if( pgnoRoot>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pgnoRoot);
     }
     pgnoRoot++;
 
@@ -79476,7 +80561,7 @@ static int btreeCreateTable(Btree *p, Pgno *piTable, int createTabFlags){
       }
       rc = ptrmapGet(pBt, pgnoRoot, &eType, &iPtrPage);
       if( eType==PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE || eType==PTRMAP_FREEPAGE ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pgnoRoot);
       }
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         releasePage(pRoot);
@@ -79566,14 +80651,14 @@ static int clearDatabasePage(
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
   if( pgno>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pgno);
   }
   rc = getAndInitPage(pBt, pgno, &pPage, 0);
   if( rc ) return rc;
   if( (pBt->openFlags & BTREE_SINGLE)==0
    && sqlite3PagerPageRefcount(pPage->pDbPage) != (1 + (pgno==1))
   ){
-    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     goto cleardatabasepage_out;
   }
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
@@ -79677,7 +80762,7 @@ static int btreeDropTable(Btree *p, Pgno iTable, int *piMoved){
   assert( p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE );
   assert( iTable>=2 );
   if( iTable>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTable);
   }
 
   rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(p, iTable, 0);
@@ -79989,7 +81074,8 @@ static void checkAppendMsg(
 ** corresponds to page iPg is already set.
 */
 static int getPageReferenced(IntegrityCk *pCheck, Pgno iPg){
-  assert( iPg<=pCheck->nPage && sizeof(pCheck->aPgRef[0])==1 );
+  assert( pCheck->aPgRef!=0 );
+  assert( iPg<=pCheck->nCkPage && sizeof(pCheck->aPgRef[0])==1 );
   return (pCheck->aPgRef[iPg/8] & (1 << (iPg & 0x07)));
 }
 
@@ -79997,7 +81083,8 @@ static int getPageReferenced(IntegrityCk *pCheck, Pgno iPg){
 ** Set the bit in the IntegrityCk.aPgRef[] array that corresponds to page iPg.
 */
 static void setPageReferenced(IntegrityCk *pCheck, Pgno iPg){
-  assert( iPg<=pCheck->nPage && sizeof(pCheck->aPgRef[0])==1 );
+  assert( pCheck->aPgRef!=0 );
+  assert( iPg<=pCheck->nCkPage && sizeof(pCheck->aPgRef[0])==1 );
   pCheck->aPgRef[iPg/8] |= (1 << (iPg & 0x07));
 }
 
@@ -80011,7 +81098,7 @@ static void setPageReferenced(IntegrityCk *pCheck, Pgno iPg){
 ** Also check that the page number is in bounds.
 */
 static int checkRef(IntegrityCk *pCheck, Pgno iPage){
-  if( iPage>pCheck->nPage || iPage==0 ){
+  if( iPage>pCheck->nCkPage || iPage==0 ){
     checkAppendMsg(pCheck, "invalid page number %u", iPage);
     return 1;
   }
@@ -80238,6 +81325,7 @@ static int checkTreePage(
   if( (rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iPage, &pPage, 0))!=0 ){
     checkAppendMsg(pCheck,
        "unable to get the page. error code=%d", rc);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     goto end_of_check;
   }
 
@@ -80268,6 +81356,9 @@ static int checkTreePage(
   ** number of cells on the page. */
   nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
   assert( pPage->nCell==nCell );
+  if( pPage->leaf || pPage->intKey==0 ){
+    pCheck->nRow += nCell;
+  }
 
   /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-23882-45353 The cell pointer array of a b-tree page
   ** immediately follows the b-tree page header. */
@@ -80379,6 +81470,7 @@ static int checkTreePage(
         btreeHeapInsert(heap, (pc<<16)|(pc+size-1));
       }
     }
+    assert( heap!=0 );
     /* Add the freeblocks to the min-heap
     **
     ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-20690-50594 The second field of the b-tree page header
@@ -80478,6 +81570,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
   sqlite3 *db,  /* Database connection that is running the check */
   Btree *p,     /* The btree to be checked */
   Pgno *aRoot,  /* An array of root pages numbers for individual trees */
+  Mem *aCnt,    /* Memory cells to write counts for each tree to */
   int nRoot,    /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
   int mxErr,    /* Stop reporting errors after this many */
   int *pnErr,   /* OUT: Write number of errors seen to this variable */
@@ -80491,7 +81584,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
   int bPartial = 0;            /* True if not checking all btrees */
   int bCkFreelist = 1;         /* True to scan the freelist */
   VVA_ONLY( int nRef );
+
   assert( nRoot>0 );
+  assert( aCnt!=0 );
 
   /* aRoot[0]==0 means this is a partial check */
   if( aRoot[0]==0 ){
@@ -80508,15 +81603,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
   sCheck.db = db;
   sCheck.pBt = pBt;
   sCheck.pPager = pBt->pPager;
-  sCheck.nPage = btreePagecount(sCheck.pBt);
+  sCheck.nCkPage = btreePagecount(sCheck.pBt);
   sCheck.mxErr = mxErr;
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&sCheck.errMsg, 0, zErr, sizeof(zErr), SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
   sCheck.errMsg.printfFlags = SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL;
-  if( sCheck.nPage==0 ){
+  if( sCheck.nCkPage==0 ){
     goto integrity_ck_cleanup;
   }
 
-  sCheck.aPgRef = sqlite3MallocZero((sCheck.nPage / 8)+ 1);
+  sCheck.aPgRef = sqlite3MallocZero((sCheck.nCkPage / 8)+ 1);
   if( !sCheck.aPgRef ){
     checkOom(&sCheck);
     goto integrity_ck_cleanup;
@@ -80528,7 +81623,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
   }
 
   i = PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt);
-  if( i<=sCheck.nPage ) setPageReferenced(&sCheck, i);
+  if( i<=sCheck.nCkPage ) setPageReferenced(&sCheck, i);
 
   /* Check the integrity of the freelist
   */
@@ -80564,22 +81659,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
   testcase( pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_CellSizeCk );
   pBt->db->flags &= ~(u64)SQLITE_CellSizeCk;
   for(i=0; (int)i<nRoot && sCheck.mxErr; i++){
-    i64 notUsed;
-    if( aRoot[i]==0 ) continue;
+    sCheck.nRow = 0;
+    if( aRoot[i] ){
+      i64 notUsed;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-    if( pBt->autoVacuum && aRoot[i]>1 && !bPartial ){
-      checkPtrmap(&sCheck, aRoot[i], PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE, 0);
-    }
+      if( pBt->autoVacuum && aRoot[i]>1 && !bPartial ){
+        checkPtrmap(&sCheck, aRoot[i], PTRMAP_ROOTPAGE, 0);
+      }
 #endif
-    sCheck.v0 = aRoot[i];
-    checkTreePage(&sCheck, aRoot[i], &notUsed, LARGEST_INT64);
+      sCheck.v0 = aRoot[i];
+      checkTreePage(&sCheck, aRoot[i], &notUsed, LARGEST_INT64);
+    }
+    sqlite3MemSetArrayInt64(aCnt, i, sCheck.nRow);
   }
   pBt->db->flags = savedDbFlags;
 
   /* Make sure every page in the file is referenced
   */
   if( !bPartial ){
-    for(i=1; i<=sCheck.nPage && sCheck.mxErr; i++){
+    for(i=1; i<=sCheck.nCkPage && sCheck.mxErr; i++){
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       if( getPageReferenced(&sCheck, i)==0 ){
         checkAppendMsg(&sCheck, "Page %u: never used", i);
@@ -82020,7 +83118,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemZeroTerminateIfAble(Mem *pMem){
       pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
       return;
     }
-    if( pMem->xDel==(void(*)(void*))sqlite3RCStrUnref ){
+    if( pMem->xDel==sqlite3RCStrUnref ){
       /* Blindly assume that all RCStr objects are zero-terminated */
       pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
       return;
@@ -82627,6 +83725,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(Mem *pMem, i64 val){
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Set the iIdx'th entry of array aMem[] to contain integer value val.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetArrayInt64(sqlite3_value *aMem, int iIdx, i64 val){
+  sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&aMem[iIdx], val);
+}
+
 /* A no-op destructor */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void *p){ UNUSED_PARAMETER(p); }
 
@@ -83199,7 +84304,7 @@ static int valueFromFunction(
 #endif
   assert( pFunc );
   if( (pFunc->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG))==0
-   || (pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)
+   || (pFunc->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL|SQLITE_FUNC_RUNONLY))!=0
   ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
@@ -83315,14 +84420,20 @@ static int valueFromExpr(
   }
 
   /* Handle negative integers in a single step.  This is needed in the
-  ** case when the value is -9223372036854775808.
-  */
-  if( op==TK_UMINUS
-   && (pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_INTEGER || pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_FLOAT) ){
-    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
-    op = pExpr->op;
-    negInt = -1;
-    zNeg = "-";
+  ** case when the value is -9223372036854775808. Except - do not do this
+  ** for hexadecimal literals.  */
+  if( op==TK_UMINUS ){
+    Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
+    if( (pLeft->op==TK_INTEGER || pLeft->op==TK_FLOAT) ){
+      if( ExprHasProperty(pLeft, EP_IntValue)
+       || pLeft->u.zToken[0]!='0' || (pLeft->u.zToken[1] & ~0x20)!='X'
+      ){
+        pExpr = pLeft;
+        op = pExpr->op;
+        negInt = -1;
+        zNeg = "-";
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   if( op==TK_STRING || op==TK_FLOAT || op==TK_INTEGER ){
@@ -83331,12 +84442,26 @@ static int valueFromExpr(
     if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) ){
       sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pVal, (i64)pExpr->u.iValue*negInt);
     }else{
-      zVal = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s%s", zNeg, pExpr->u.zToken);
-      if( zVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
-      sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zVal, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
+      i64 iVal;
+      if( op==TK_INTEGER && 0==sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(pExpr->u.zToken, &iVal) ){
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pVal, iVal*negInt);
+      }else{
+        zVal = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s%s", zNeg, pExpr->u.zToken);
+        if( zVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
+        sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zVal, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
+      }
     }
-    if( (op==TK_INTEGER || op==TK_FLOAT ) && affinity==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
-      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, SQLITE_UTF8);
+    if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
+      if( op==TK_FLOAT ){
+        assert( pVal && pVal->z && pVal->flags==(MEM_Str|MEM_Term) );
+        sqlite3AtoF(pVal->z, &pVal->u.r, pVal->n, SQLITE_UTF8);
+        pVal->flags = MEM_Real;
+      }else if( op==TK_INTEGER ){
+        /* This case is required by -9223372036854775808 and other strings
+        ** that look like integers but cannot be handled by the
+        ** sqlite3DecOrHexToI64() call above.  */
+        sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, SQLITE_UTF8);
+      }
     }else{
       sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, SQLITE_UTF8);
     }
@@ -83400,6 +84525,7 @@ static int valueFromExpr(
     if( pVal ){
       pVal->flags = MEM_Int;
       pVal->u.i = pExpr->u.zToken[4]==0;
+      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, enc);
     }
   }
 
@@ -83605,17 +84731,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Stat4Column(
   sqlite3_value **ppVal           /* OUT: Extracted value */
 ){
   u32 t = 0;                      /* a column type code */
-  int nHdr;                       /* Size of the header in the record */
-  int iHdr;                       /* Next unread header byte */
-  int iField;                     /* Next unread data byte */
-  int szField = 0;                /* Size of the current data field */
+  u32 nHdr;                       /* Size of the header in the record */
+  u32 iHdr;                       /* Next unread header byte */
+  i64 iField;                     /* Next unread data byte */
+  u32 szField = 0;                /* Size of the current data field */
   int i;                          /* Column index */
   u8 *a = (u8*)pRec;              /* Typecast byte array */
   Mem *pMem = *ppVal;             /* Write result into this Mem object */
 
   assert( iCol>0 );
   iHdr = getVarint32(a, nHdr);
-  if( nHdr>nRec || iHdr>=nHdr ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  if( nHdr>(u32)nRec || iHdr>=nHdr ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   iField = nHdr;
   for(i=0; i<=iCol; i++){
     iHdr += getVarint32(&a[iHdr], t);
@@ -83922,10 +85048,11 @@ static int growOpArray(Vdbe *v, int nOp){
 **   sqlite3CantopenError(lineno)
 */
 static void test_addop_breakpoint(int pc, Op *pOp){
-  static int n = 0;
+  static u64 n = 0;
   (void)pc;
   (void)pOp;
   n++;
+  if( n==LARGEST_UINT64 ) abort(); /* so that n is used, preventing a warning */
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -84649,6 +85776,15 @@ static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
             assert( aLabel!=0 );  /* True because of tag-20230419-1 */
             pOp->p2 = aLabel[ADDR(pOp->p2)];
           }
+
+          /* OPFLG_JUMP opcodes never have P2==0, though OPFLG_JUMP0 opcodes
+          ** might */
+          assert( pOp->p2>0
+                  || (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP0)!=0 );
+
+          /* Jumps never go off the end of the bytecode array */
+          assert( pOp->p2<p->nOp
+                  || (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP)==0 );
           break;
         }
       }
@@ -84713,6 +85849,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeNoJumpsOutsideSubrtn(
       int iDest = pOp->p2;   /* Jump destination */
       if( iDest==0 ) continue;
       if( pOp->opcode==OP_Gosub ) continue;
+      if( pOp->p3==20230325 && pOp->opcode==OP_NotNull ){
+        /* This is a deliberately taken illegal branch.  tag-20230325-2 */
+        continue;
+      }
       if( iDest<0 ){
         int j = ADDR(iDest);
         assert( j>=0 );
@@ -85106,6 +86246,10 @@ static void freeP4(sqlite3 *db, int p4type, void *p4){
       if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ) sqlite3VtabUnlock((VTable *)p4);
       break;
     }
+    case P4_TABLEREF: {
+      if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ) sqlite3DeleteTable(db, (Table*)p4);
+      break;
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -85233,7 +86377,7 @@ static void SQLITE_NOINLINE vdbeChangeP4Full(
   int n
 ){
   if( pOp->p4type ){
-    freeP4(p->db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
+    assert( pOp->p4type > P4_FREE_IF_LE );
     pOp->p4type = 0;
     pOp->p4.p = 0;
   }
@@ -87048,7 +88192,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
 
     /* Check for immediate foreign key violations. */
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->errorAction==OE_Fail && !isSpecialError) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 0);
+      (void)sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p, 0);
     }
 
     /* If the auto-commit flag is set and this is the only active writer
@@ -87762,6 +88906,23 @@ static void serialGet(
     pMem->flags = IsNaN(x) ? MEM_Null : MEM_Real;
   }
 }
+static int serialGet7(
+  const unsigned char *buf,     /* Buffer to deserialize from */
+  Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */
+){
+  u64 x = FOUR_BYTE_UINT(buf);
+  u32 y = FOUR_BYTE_UINT(buf+4);
+  x = (x<<32) + y;
+  assert( sizeof(x)==8 && sizeof(pMem->u.r)==8 );
+  swapMixedEndianFloat(x);
+  memcpy(&pMem->u.r, &x, sizeof(x));
+  if( IsNaN(x) ){
+    pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  pMem->flags = MEM_Real;
+  return 0;
+}
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(
   const unsigned char *buf,     /* Buffer to deserialize from */
   u32 serial_type,              /* Serial type to deserialize */
@@ -88172,32 +89333,44 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3BlobCompare(const Mem *pB1, const Mem
   return n1 - n2;
 }
 
+/* The following two functions are used only within testcase() to prove
+** test coverage.  These functions do no exist for production builds.
+** We must use separate SQLITE_NOINLINE functions here, since otherwise
+** optimizer code movement causes gcov to become very confused.
+*/
+#if  defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
+static int SQLITE_NOINLINE doubleLt(double a, double b){ return a<b; }
+static int SQLITE_NOINLINE doubleEq(double a, double b){ return a==b; }
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Do a comparison between a 64-bit signed integer and a 64-bit floating-point
 ** number.  Return negative, zero, or positive if the first (i64) is less than,
 ** equal to, or greater than the second (double).
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IntFloatCompare(i64 i, double r){
-  if( sizeof(LONGDOUBLE_TYPE)>8 ){
+  if( sqlite3IsNaN(r) ){
+    /* SQLite considers NaN to be a NULL. And all integer values are greater
+    ** than NULL */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if( sqlite3Config.bUseLongDouble ){
     LONGDOUBLE_TYPE x = (LONGDOUBLE_TYPE)i;
     testcase( x<r );
     testcase( x>r );
     testcase( x==r );
-    if( x<r ) return -1;
-    if( x>r ) return +1;  /*NO_TEST*/ /* work around bugs in gcov */
-    return 0;             /*NO_TEST*/ /* work around bugs in gcov */
+    return (x<r) ? -1 : (x>r);
   }else{
     i64 y;
-    double s;
     if( r<-9223372036854775808.0 ) return +1;
     if( r>=9223372036854775808.0 ) return -1;
     y = (i64)r;
     if( i<y ) return -1;
     if( i>y ) return +1;
-    s = (double)i;
-    if( s<r ) return -1;
-    if( s>r ) return +1;
-    return 0;
+    testcase( doubleLt(((double)i),r) );
+    testcase( doubleLt(r,((double)i)) );
+    testcase( doubleEq(r,((double)i)) );
+    return (((double)i)<r) ? -1 : (((double)i)>r);
   }
 }
 
@@ -88427,7 +89600,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
       }else if( serial_type==0 ){
         rc = -1;
       }else if( serial_type==7 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type, &mem1);
+        serialGet7(&aKey1[d1], &mem1);
         rc = -sqlite3IntFloatCompare(pRhs->u.i, mem1.u.r);
       }else{
         i64 lhs = vdbeRecordDecodeInt(serial_type, &aKey1[d1]);
@@ -88452,14 +89625,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
       }else if( serial_type==0 ){
         rc = -1;
       }else{
-        sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type, &mem1);
         if( serial_type==7 ){
-          if( mem1.u.r<pRhs->u.r ){
+          if( serialGet7(&aKey1[d1], &mem1) ){
+            rc = -1;  /* mem1 is a NaN */
+          }else if( mem1.u.r<pRhs->u.r ){
             rc = -1;
           }else if( mem1.u.r>pRhs->u.r ){
             rc = +1;
+          }else{
+            assert( rc==0 );
           }
         }else{
+          sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type, &mem1);
           rc = sqlite3IntFloatCompare(mem1.u.i, pRhs->u.r);
         }
       }
@@ -88529,7 +89706,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
     /* RHS is null */
     else{
       serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
-      rc = (serial_type!=0 && serial_type!=10);
+      if( serial_type==0
+       || serial_type==10
+       || (serial_type==7 && serialGet7(&aKey1[d1], &mem1)!=0)
+      ){
+        assert( rc==0 );
+      }else{
+        rc = 1;
+      }
     }
 
     if( rc!=0 ){
@@ -89342,7 +90526,15 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
 #if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
-  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = ((Vdbe*)pStmt)->db->mutex;
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pStmt==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+  }
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE
+  mutex = p->db->mutex;
 #endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   for(i=0; i<p->nVar; i++){
@@ -89565,7 +90757,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value *pOld){
 ** is too big or if an OOM occurs.
 **
 ** The invokeValueDestructor(P,X) routine invokes destructor function X()
-** on value P is not going to be used and need to be destroyed.
+** on value P if P is not going to be used and need to be destroyed.
 */
 static void setResultStrOrError(
   sqlite3_context *pCtx,  /* Function context */
@@ -89595,7 +90787,7 @@ static void setResultStrOrError(
 static int invokeValueDestructor(
   const void *p,             /* Value to destroy */
   void (*xDel)(void*),       /* The destructor */
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx      /* Set a SQLITE_TOOBIG error if no NULL */
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx      /* Set a SQLITE_TOOBIG error if not NULL */
 ){
   assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
   if( xDel==0 ){
@@ -89605,7 +90797,14 @@ static int invokeValueDestructor(
   }else{
     xDel((void*)p);
   }
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx!=0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_toobig(pCtx);
+  }
+#else
+  assert( pCtx!=0 );
   sqlite3_result_error_toobig(pCtx);
+#endif
   return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(
@@ -89614,6 +90813,12 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(
   int n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 || n<0 ){
+    invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, pCtx);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
   assert( n>=0 );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, 0, xDel);
@@ -89624,8 +90829,14 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(
   sqlite3_uint64 n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ){
+    invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   if( n>0x7fffffff ){
     (void)invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, pCtx);
   }else{
@@ -89633,30 +90844,48 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(
   }
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context *pCtx, double rVal){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(pCtx->pOut, rVal);
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context *pCtx, const char *z, int n){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   pCtx->isError = SQLITE_ERROR;
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, z, n, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context *pCtx, const void *z, int n){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   pCtx->isError = SQLITE_ERROR;
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, z, n, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
 #endif
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int iVal){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pCtx->pOut, (i64)iVal);
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context *pCtx, i64 iVal){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pCtx->pOut, iVal);
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pCtx->pOut);
 }
@@ -89666,14 +90895,37 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(
   const char *zPType,
   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
 ){
-  Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
+  Mem *pOut;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ){
+    invokeValueDestructor(pPtr, xDestructor, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+  pOut = pCtx->pOut;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pOut);
   pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(pOut, pPtr, zPType, xDestructor);
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context *pCtx, unsigned int eSubtype){
-  Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
+  Mem *pOut;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE) && SQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE+0!=0
+  if( pCtx->pFunc!=0
+   && (pCtx->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE)==0
+  ){
+    char zErr[200];
+    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr), zErr,
+                     "misuse of sqlite3_result_subtype() by %s()",
+                     pCtx->pFunc->zName);
+    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zErr, -1);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif /* SQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE */
+  pOut = pCtx->pOut;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pOut->db->mutex) );
   pOut->eSubtype = eSubtype & 0xff;
   pOut->flags |= MEM_Subtype;
@@ -89684,6 +90936,12 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(
   int n,
   void (*xDel)(void *)
 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ){
+    invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF8, xDel);
 }
@@ -89694,6 +90952,12 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(
   void (*xDel)(void *),
   unsigned char enc
 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ){
+    invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
   if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
@@ -89737,7 +91001,16 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context *pCtx, sqlite3_value *pValue){
-  Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
+  Mem *pOut;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+  if( pValue==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_null(pCtx);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+  pOut = pCtx->pOut;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(pOut, pValue);
   sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, pCtx->enc);
@@ -89749,7 +91022,12 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int n){
   sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(pCtx, n>0 ? n : 0);
 }
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context *pCtx, u64 n){
-  Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
+  Mem *pOut;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+#endif
+  pOut = pCtx->pOut;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pOut->db->mutex) );
   if( n>(u64)pOut->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
     sqlite3_result_error_toobig(pCtx);
@@ -89763,6 +91041,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context *pCtx, u64 n){
 #endif
 }
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int errCode){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   pCtx->isError = errCode ? errCode : -1;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   if( pCtx->pVdbe ) pCtx->pVdbe->rcApp = errCode;
@@ -89775,6 +91056,9 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int errCode){
 
 /* Force an SQLITE_TOOBIG error. */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   pCtx->isError = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, "string or blob too big", -1,
@@ -89783,6 +91067,9 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
 
 /* An SQLITE_NOMEM error. */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pCtx->pOut);
   pCtx->isError = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
@@ -90035,6 +91322,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
 ** pointer to it.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context *p){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( p==0 ) return 0;
+#endif
   assert( p && p->pFunc );
   return p->pFunc->pUserData;
 }
@@ -90050,7 +91340,11 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context *p){
 ** application defined function.
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context *p){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( p==0 ) return 0;
+#else
   assert( p && p->pOut );
+#endif
   return p->pOut->db;
 }
 
@@ -90069,7 +91363,11 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context *p){
 ** value, as a signal to the xUpdate routine that the column is unchanged.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context *p){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( p==0 ) return 0;
+#else
   assert( p );
+#endif
   return sqlite3_value_nochange(p->pOut);
 }
 
@@ -90097,7 +91395,7 @@ static int valueFromValueList(
   ValueList *pRhs;
 
   *ppOut = 0;
-  if( pVal==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
+  if( pVal==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
   if( (pVal->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || pVal->xDel!=sqlite3VdbeValueListFree ){
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }else{
@@ -90228,6 +91526,9 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context *p, int nByte){
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context *pCtx, int iArg){
   AuxData *pAuxData;
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return 0;
+#endif
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( pCtx->pVdbe==0 ) return 0;
@@ -90260,8 +91561,12 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(
   void (*xDelete)(void*)
 ){
   AuxData *pAuxData;
-  Vdbe *pVdbe = pCtx->pVdbe;
+  Vdbe *pVdbe;
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pCtx==0 ) return;
+#endif
+  pVdbe= pCtx->pVdbe;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
   if( pVdbe==0 ) goto failed;
@@ -90698,7 +92003,7 @@ static int vdbeUnbind(Vdbe *p, unsigned int i){
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->db->mutex);
   if( p->eVdbeState!=VDBE_READY_STATE ){
-    sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_MISUSE);
+    sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT);
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
     sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE,
         "bind on a busy prepared statement: [%s]", p->zSql);
@@ -90927,6 +92232,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, int n){
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, sqlite3_uint64 n){
   int rc;
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+#endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->db->mutex);
   if( n>(u64)p->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
     rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
@@ -91053,6 +92361,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_explain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int eMode){
   Vdbe *v = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
   int rc;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( pStmt==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+#endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(v->db->mutex);
   if( ((int)v->explain)==eMode ){
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -91219,10 +92530,16 @@ static UnpackedRecord *vdbeUnpackRecord(
 ** a field of the row currently being updated or deleted.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *db, int iIdx, sqlite3_value **ppValue){
-  PreUpdate *p = db->pPreUpdate;
+  PreUpdate *p;
   Mem *pMem;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( db==0 || ppValue==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+  }
+#endif
+  p = db->pPreUpdate;
   /* Test that this call is being made from within an SQLITE_DELETE or
   ** SQLITE_UPDATE pre-update callback, and that iIdx is within range. */
   if( !p || p->op==SQLITE_INSERT ){
@@ -91283,7 +92600,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *db, int iIdx, sqlite3_value **ppVa
 ** the number of columns in the row being updated, deleted or inserted.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *db){
-  PreUpdate *p = db->pPreUpdate;
+  PreUpdate *p;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  p = db!=0 ? db->pPreUpdate : 0;
+#else
+  p = db->pPreUpdate;
+#endif
   return (p ? p->keyinfo.nKeyField : 0);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
@@ -91301,7 +92623,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *db){
 ** or SET DEFAULT action is considered a trigger.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *db){
-  PreUpdate *p = db->pPreUpdate;
+  PreUpdate *p;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  p = db!=0 ? db->pPreUpdate : 0;
+#else
+  p = db->pPreUpdate;
+#endif
   return (p ? p->v->nFrame : 0);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
@@ -91312,7 +92639,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *db){
 ** only.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *db){
-  PreUpdate *p = db->pPreUpdate;
+  PreUpdate *p;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  p = db!=0 ? db->pPreUpdate : 0;
+#else
+  p = db->pPreUpdate;
+#endif
   return (p ? p->iBlobWrite : -1);
 }
 #endif
@@ -91323,10 +92655,16 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *db){
 ** a field of the row currently being updated or inserted.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *db, int iIdx, sqlite3_value **ppValue){
-  PreUpdate *p = db->pPreUpdate;
+  PreUpdate *p;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Mem *pMem;
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( db==0 || ppValue==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+  }
+#endif
+  p = db->pPreUpdate;
   if( !p || p->op==SQLITE_DELETE ){
     rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
     goto preupdate_new_out;
@@ -91405,11 +92743,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(
   void *pOut                      /* OUT: Write the answer here */
 ){
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
-  VdbeOp *aOp = p->aOp;
-  int nOp = p->nOp;
+  VdbeOp *aOp;
+  int nOp;
   ScanStatus *pScan = 0;
   int idx;
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( p==0 || pOut==0
+      || iScanStatusOp<SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP
+      || iScanStatusOp>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE ){
+    return 1;
+  }
+#endif
+  aOp = p->aOp;
+  nOp = p->nOp;
   if( p->pFrame ){
     VdbeFrame *pFrame;
     for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
@@ -91431,7 +92778,6 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(
   }
   if( flags & SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX ){
     idx = iScan;
-    pScan = &p->aScan[idx];
   }else{
     /* If the COMPLEX flag is clear, then this function must ignore any
     ** ScanStatus structures with ScanStatus.addrLoop set to 0. */
@@ -91444,6 +92790,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(
     }
   }
   if( idx>=p->nScan ) return 1;
+  assert( pScan==0 || pScan==&p->aScan[idx] );
+  pScan = &p->aScan[idx];
 
   switch( iScanStatusOp ){
     case SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP: {
@@ -91556,7 +92904,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
   Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
   int ii;
-  for(ii=0; ii<p->nOp; ii++){
+  for(ii=0; p!=0 && ii<p->nOp; ii++){
     Op *pOp = &p->aOp[ii];
     pOp->nExec = 0;
     pOp->nCycle = 0;
@@ -91895,11 +93243,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_found_count = 0;
 **   sqlite3CantopenError(lineno)
 */
 static void test_trace_breakpoint(int pc, Op *pOp, Vdbe *v){
-  static int n = 0;
+  static u64 n = 0;
   (void)pc;
   (void)pOp;
   (void)v;
   n++;
+  if( n==LARGEST_UINT64 ) abort(); /* So that n is used, preventing a warning */
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -92525,11 +93874,11 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeColumnFromOverflow(
     sqlite3RCStrRef(pBuf);
     if( t&1 ){
       rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pDest, pBuf, len, encoding,
-                                (void(*)(void*))sqlite3RCStrUnref);
+                                sqlite3RCStrUnref);
       pDest->flags |= MEM_Term;
     }else{
       rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pDest, pBuf, len, 0,
-                                (void(*)(void*))sqlite3RCStrUnref);
+                                sqlite3RCStrUnref);
     }
   }else{
     rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pC->uc.pCursor, iOffset, len, pDest);
@@ -92891,7 +94240,7 @@ case OP_Return: {           /* in1 */
 **
 ** See also: EndCoroutine
 */
-case OP_InitCoroutine: {     /* jump */
+case OP_InitCoroutine: {     /* jump0 */
   assert( pOp->p1>0 &&  pOp->p1<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
   assert( pOp->p2>=0 && pOp->p2<p->nOp );
   assert( pOp->p3>=0 && pOp->p3<p->nOp );
@@ -92914,7 +94263,9 @@ jump_to_p2:
 **
 ** The instruction at the address in register P1 is a Yield.
 ** Jump to the P2 parameter of that Yield.
-** After the jump, register P1 becomes undefined.
+** After the jump, the value register P1 is left with a value
+** such that subsequent OP_Yields go back to the this same
+** OP_EndCoroutine instruction.
 **
 ** See also: InitCoroutine
 */
@@ -92926,8 +94277,8 @@ case OP_EndCoroutine: {           /* in1 */
   pCaller = &aOp[pIn1->u.i];
   assert( pCaller->opcode==OP_Yield );
   assert( pCaller->p2>=0 && pCaller->p2<p->nOp );
+  pIn1->u.i = (int)(pOp - p->aOp) - 1;
   pOp = &aOp[pCaller->p2 - 1];
-  pIn1->flags = MEM_Undefined;
   break;
 }
 
@@ -92944,7 +94295,7 @@ case OP_EndCoroutine: {           /* in1 */
 **
 ** See also: InitCoroutine
 */
-case OP_Yield: {            /* in1, jump */
+case OP_Yield: {            /* in1, jump0 */
   int pcDest;
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   assert( VdbeMemDynamic(pIn1)==0 );
@@ -93274,19 +94625,15 @@ case OP_Blob: {                /* out2 */
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Variable P1 P2 * P4 *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)
+/* Opcode: Variable P1 P2 * * *
+** Synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1)
 **
 ** Transfer the values of bound parameter P1 into register P2
-**
-** If the parameter is named, then its name appears in P4.
-** The P4 value is used by sqlite3_bind_parameter_name().
 */
 case OP_Variable: {            /* out2 */
   Mem *pVar;       /* Value being transferred */
 
   assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nVar );
-  assert( pOp->p4.z==0 || pOp->p4.z==sqlite3VListNumToName(p->pVList,pOp->p1) );
   pVar = &p->aVar[pOp->p1 - 1];
   if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pVar) ){
     goto too_big;
@@ -93796,7 +95143,7 @@ case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
   sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
-  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p2;
+  *(u64*)&pIn1->u.i += (u64)pOp->p2;
   break;
 }
 
@@ -93807,7 +95154,7 @@ case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */
 ** without data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
 ** raise an SQLITE_MISMATCH exception.
 */
-case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */
+case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump0, in1 */
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
     applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
@@ -93848,7 +95195,7 @@ case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CAST) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE)
 /* Opcode: Cast P1 P2 * * *
 ** Synopsis: affinity(r[P1])
 **
@@ -94063,7 +95410,9 @@ case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
         }
       }
     }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT && ((flags1 | flags3) & MEM_Str)!=0 ){
-      if( (flags1 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags1&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
+      if( (flags1 & MEM_Str)!=0 ){
+        pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal);
+      }else if( (flags1&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
         testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
         testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
         testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_IntReal );
@@ -94072,7 +95421,9 @@ case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
         flags1 = (pIn1->flags & ~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags1 & MEM_TypeMask);
         if( NEVER(pIn1==pIn3) ) flags3 = flags1 | MEM_Str;
       }
-      if( (flags3 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags3&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
+      if( (flags3 & MEM_Str)!=0 ){
+        pIn3->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal);
+      }else if( (flags3&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
         testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
         testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Real );
         testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_IntReal );
@@ -95404,7 +96755,6 @@ case OP_MakeRecord: {
         /* NULL value.  No change in zPayload */
       }else{
         u64 v;
-        u32 i;
         if( serial_type==7 ){
           assert( sizeof(v)==sizeof(pRec->u.r) );
           memcpy(&v, &pRec->u.r, sizeof(v));
@@ -95412,12 +96762,22 @@ case OP_MakeRecord: {
         }else{
           v = pRec->u.i;
         }
-        len = i = sqlite3SmallTypeSizes[serial_type];
-        assert( i>0 );
-        while( 1 /*exit-by-break*/ ){
-          zPayload[--i] = (u8)(v&0xFF);
-          if( i==0 ) break;
-          v >>= 8;
+        len = sqlite3SmallTypeSizes[serial_type];
+        assert( len>=1 && len<=8 && len!=5 && len!=7 );
+        switch( len ){
+          default: zPayload[7] = (u8)(v&0xff); v >>= 8;
+                   zPayload[6] = (u8)(v&0xff); v >>= 8;
+                   /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+          case 6:  zPayload[5] = (u8)(v&0xff); v >>= 8;
+                   zPayload[4] = (u8)(v&0xff); v >>= 8;
+                   /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+          case 4:  zPayload[3] = (u8)(v&0xff); v >>= 8;
+                   /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+          case 3:  zPayload[2] = (u8)(v&0xff); v >>= 8;
+                   /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+          case 2:  zPayload[1] = (u8)(v&0xff); v >>= 8;
+                   /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+          case 1:  zPayload[0] = (u8)(v&0xff);
         }
         zPayload += len;
       }
@@ -96335,7 +97695,8 @@ case OP_SequenceTest: {
 ** is the only cursor opcode that works with a pseudo-table.
 **
 ** P3 is the number of fields in the records that will be stored by
-** the pseudo-table.
+** the pseudo-table.  If P2 is 0 or negative then the pseudo-cursor
+** will return NULL for every column.
 */
 case OP_OpenPseudo: {
   VdbeCursor *pCx;
@@ -96478,10 +97839,10 @@ case OP_ColumnsUsed: {
 **
 ** See also: Found, NotFound, SeekGt, SeekGe, SeekLt
 */
-case OP_SeekLT:         /* jump, in3, group, ncycle */
-case OP_SeekLE:         /* jump, in3, group, ncycle */
-case OP_SeekGE:         /* jump, in3, group, ncycle */
-case OP_SeekGT: {       /* jump, in3, group, ncycle */
+case OP_SeekLT:         /* jump0, in3, group, ncycle */
+case OP_SeekLE:         /* jump0, in3, group, ncycle */
+case OP_SeekGE:         /* jump0, in3, group, ncycle */
+case OP_SeekGT: {       /* jump0, in3, group, ncycle */
   int res;           /* Comparison result */
   int oc;            /* Opcode */
   VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The cursor to seek */
@@ -97148,7 +98509,7 @@ case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3, ncycle */
 **
 ** See also: Found, NotFound, NoConflict, SeekRowid
 */
-case OP_SeekRowid: {        /* jump, in3, ncycle */
+case OP_SeekRowid: {        /* jump0, in3, ncycle */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
   BtCursor *pCrsr;
   int res;
@@ -97534,8 +98895,13 @@ case OP_RowCell: {
 ** the "primary" delete.  The others are all on OPFLAG_FORDELETE
 ** cursors or else are marked with the AUXDELETE flag.
 **
-** If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE flag of P2 (NB: P2 not P5) is set, then the row
-** change count is incremented (otherwise not).
+** If the OPFLAG_NCHANGE (0x01) flag of P2 (NB: P2 not P5) is set, then
+** the row change count is incremented (otherwise not).
+**
+** If the OPFLAG_ISNOOP (0x40) flag of P2 (not P5!) is set, then the
+** pre-update-hook for deletes is run, but the btree is otherwise unchanged.
+** This happens when the OP_Delete is to be shortly followed by an OP_Insert
+** with the same key, causing the btree entry to be overwritten.
 **
 ** P1 must not be pseudo-table.  It has to be a real table with
 ** multiple rows.
@@ -97902,7 +99268,7 @@ case OP_NullRow: {
 ** configured to use Prev, not Next.
 */
 case OP_SeekEnd:             /* ncycle */
-case OP_Last: {              /* jump, ncycle */
+case OP_Last: {              /* jump0, ncycle */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
   BtCursor *pCrsr;
   int res;
@@ -97936,28 +99302,38 @@ case OP_Last: {              /* jump, ncycle */
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: IfSmaller P1 P2 P3 * *
+/* Opcode: IfSizeBetween P1 P2 P3 P4 *
+**
+** Let N be the approximate number of rows in the table or index
+** with cursor P1 and let X be 10*log2(N) if N is positive or -1
+** if N is zero.
 **
-** Estimate the number of rows in the table P1.  Jump to P2 if that
-** estimate is less than approximately 2**(0.1*P3).
+** Jump to P2 if X is in between P3 and P4, inclusive.
 */
-case OP_IfSmaller: {        /* jump */
+case OP_IfSizeBetween: {        /* jump */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
   BtCursor *pCrsr;
   int res;
   i64 sz;
 
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
+  assert( pOp->p3>=-1 && pOp->p3<=640*2 );
+  assert( pOp->p4.i>=-1 && pOp->p4.i<=640*2 );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( pC!=0 );
   pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
   assert( pCrsr );
   rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(pCrsr, &res);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  if( res==0 ){
+  if( res!=0 ){
+    sz = -1;  /* -Infinity encoding */
+  }else{
     sz = sqlite3BtreeRowCountEst(pCrsr);
-    if( ALWAYS(sz>=0) && sqlite3LogEst((u64)sz)<pOp->p3 ) res = 1;
+    assert( sz>0 );
+    sz = sqlite3LogEst((u64)sz);
   }
+  res = sz>=pOp->p3 && sz<=pOp->p4.i;
   VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
   if( res ) goto jump_to_p2;
   break;
@@ -98010,7 +99386,7 @@ case OP_Sort: {        /* jump ncycle */
 ** from the beginning toward the end.  In other words, the cursor is
 ** configured to use Next, not Prev.
 */
-case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump, ncycle */
+case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump0, ncycle */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
   BtCursor *pCrsr;
   int res;
@@ -98657,16 +100033,57 @@ case OP_CreateBtree: {          /* out2 */
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: SqlExec * * * P4 *
+/* Opcode: SqlExec P1 P2 * P4 *
 **
 ** Run the SQL statement or statements specified in the P4 string.
+**
+** The P1 parameter is a bitmask of options:
+**
+**    0x0001     Disable Auth and Trace callbacks while the statements
+**               in P4 are running.
+**
+**    0x0002     Set db->nAnalysisLimit to P2 while the statements in
+**               P4 are running.
+**
 */
 case OP_SqlExec: {
+  char *zErr;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+  sqlite3_xauth xAuth;
+#endif
+  u8 mTrace;
+  int savedAnalysisLimit;
+
   sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(p, 0);
   db->nSqlExec++;
-  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, pOp->p4.z, 0, 0, 0);
+  zErr = 0;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+  xAuth = db->xAuth;
+#endif
+  mTrace = db->mTrace;
+  savedAnalysisLimit = db->nAnalysisLimit;
+  if( pOp->p1 & 0x0001 ){
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+    db->xAuth = 0;
+#endif
+    db->mTrace = 0;
+  }
+  if( pOp->p1 & 0x0002 ){
+    db->nAnalysisLimit = pOp->p2;
+  }
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(db, pOp->p4.z, 0, 0, &zErr);
   db->nSqlExec--;
-  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+  db->xAuth = xAuth;
+#endif
+  db->mTrace = mTrace;
+  db->nAnalysisLimit = savedAnalysisLimit;
+  if( zErr || rc ){
+    sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", zErr);
+    sqlite3_free(zErr);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) goto no_mem;
+    goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }
   break;
 }
 
@@ -98812,11 +100229,11 @@ case OP_DropTrigger: {
 /* Opcode: IntegrityCk P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 **
 ** Do an analysis of the currently open database.  Store in
-** register P1 the text of an error message describing any problems.
-** If no problems are found, store a NULL in register P1.
+** register (P1+1) the text of an error message describing any problems.
+** If no problems are found, store a NULL in register (P1+1).
 **
-** The register P3 contains one less than the maximum number of allowed errors.
-** At most reg(P3) errors will be reported.
+** The register (P1) contains one less than the maximum number of allowed
+** errors.  At most reg(P1) errors will be reported.
 ** In other words, the analysis stops as soon as reg(P1) errors are
 ** seen.  Reg(P1) is updated with the number of errors remaining.
 **
@@ -98836,19 +100253,21 @@ case OP_IntegrityCk: {
   Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
 
   assert( p->bIsReader );
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INTARRAY );
   nRoot = pOp->p2;
   aRoot = pOp->p4.ai;
   assert( nRoot>0 );
+  assert( aRoot!=0 );
   assert( aRoot[0]==(Pgno)nRoot );
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
-  pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
+  assert( pOp->p1>0 && (pOp->p1+1)<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
+  pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
   assert( (pnErr->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
-  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
+  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1+1];
   assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p5) );
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db, db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, &aRoot[1], nRoot,
-                                 (int)pnErr->u.i+1, &nErr, &z);
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db, db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, &aRoot[1],
+      &aMem[pOp->p3], nRoot, (int)pnErr->u.i+1, &nErr, &z);
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
   if( nErr==0 ){
     assert( z==0 );
@@ -98975,7 +100394,9 @@ case OP_RowSetTest: {                     /* jump, in1, in3 */
 ** P1 contains the address of the memory cell that contains the first memory
 ** cell in an array of values used as arguments to the sub-program. P2
 ** contains the address to jump to if the sub-program throws an IGNORE
-** exception using the RAISE() function. Register P3 contains the address
+** exception using the RAISE() function. P2 might be zero, if there is
+** no possibility that an IGNORE exception will be raised.
+** Register P3 contains the address
 ** of a memory cell in this (the parent) VM that is used to allocate the
 ** memory required by the sub-vdbe at runtime.
 **
@@ -98983,7 +100404,7 @@ case OP_RowSetTest: {                     /* jump, in1, in3 */
 **
 ** If P5 is non-zero, then recursive program invocation is enabled.
 */
-case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
+case OP_Program: {        /* jump0 */
   int nMem;               /* Number of memory registers for sub-program */
   int nByte;              /* Bytes of runtime space required for sub-program */
   Mem *pRt;               /* Register to allocate runtime space */
@@ -99888,6 +101309,52 @@ case OP_VOpen: {             /* ncycle */
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+/* Opcode: VCheck P1 P2 P3 P4 *
+**
+** P4 is a pointer to a Table object that is a virtual table in schema P1
+** that supports the xIntegrity() method.  This opcode runs the xIntegrity()
+** method for that virtual table, using P3 as the integer argument.  If
+** an error is reported back, the table name is prepended to the error
+** message and that message is stored in P2.  If no errors are seen,
+** register P2 is set to NULL.
+*/
+case OP_VCheck: {             /* out2 */
+  Table *pTab;
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
+  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
+  char *zErr = 0;
+
+  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
+  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);  /* Innocent until proven guilty */
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_TABLEREF );
+  pTab = pOp->p4.pTab;
+  assert( pTab!=0 );
+  assert( pTab->nTabRef>0 );
+  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
+  if( pTab->u.vtab.p==0 ) break;
+  pVtab = pTab->u.vtab.p->pVtab;
+  assert( pVtab!=0 );
+  pModule = pVtab->pModule;
+  assert( pModule!=0 );
+  assert( pModule->iVersion>=4 );
+  assert( pModule->xIntegrity!=0 );
+  sqlite3VtabLock(pTab->u.vtab.p);
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
+  rc = pModule->xIntegrity(pVtab, db->aDb[pOp->p1].zDbSName, pTab->zName,
+                           pOp->p3, &zErr);
+  sqlite3VtabUnlock(pTab->u.vtab.p);
+  if( rc ){
+    sqlite3_free(zErr);
+    goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }
+  if( zErr ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, zErr, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
+  }
+  break;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /* Opcode: VInitIn P1 P2 P3 * *
 ** Synopsis: r[P2]=ValueList(P1,P3)
 **
@@ -100000,6 +101467,7 @@ case OP_VColumn: {           /* ncycle */
   const sqlite3_module *pModule;
   Mem *pDest;
   sqlite3_context sContext;
+  FuncDef nullFunc;
 
   VdbeCursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( pCur!=0 );
@@ -100017,6 +101485,9 @@ case OP_VColumn: {           /* ncycle */
   memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
   sContext.pOut = pDest;
   sContext.enc = encoding;
+  nullFunc.pUserData = 0;
+  nullFunc.funcFlags = SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE;
+  sContext.pFunc = &nullFunc;
   assert( pOp->p5==OPFLAG_NOCHNG || pOp->p5==0 );
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NOCHNG ){
     sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
@@ -100349,6 +101820,42 @@ case OP_ClrSubtype: {   /* in1 */
   break;
 }
 
+/* Opcode: GetSubtype P1 P2 * * *
+** Synopsis:  r[P2] = r[P1].subtype
+**
+** Extract the subtype value from register P1 and write that subtype
+** into register P2.  If P1 has no subtype, then P1 gets a NULL.
+*/
+case OP_GetSubtype: {   /* in1 out2 */
+  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
+  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
+  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Subtype ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, pIn1->eSubtype);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
+  }
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: SetSubtype P1 P2 * * *
+** Synopsis:  r[P2].subtype = r[P1]
+**
+** Set the subtype value of register P2 to the integer from register P1.
+** If P1 is NULL, clear the subtype from p2.
+*/
+case OP_SetSubtype: {   /* in1 out2 */
+  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
+  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
+  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
+    pOut->flags &= ~MEM_Subtype;
+  }else{
+    assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
+    pOut->flags |= MEM_Subtype;
+    pOut->eSubtype = (u8)(pIn1->u.i & 0xff);
+  }
+  break;
+}
+
 /* Opcode: FilterAdd P1 * P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: filter(P1) += key(P3@P4)
 **
@@ -100446,7 +101953,7 @@ case OP_Filter: {          /* jump */
 ** error is encountered.
 */
 case OP_Trace:
-case OP_Init: {          /* jump */
+case OP_Init: {          /* jump0 */
   int i;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
   char *zTrace;
@@ -100833,8 +102340,7 @@ static int blobSeekToRow(Incrblob *p, sqlite3_int64 iRow, char **pzErr){
   /* Set the value of register r[1] in the SQL statement to integer iRow.
   ** This is done directly as a performance optimization
   */
-  v->aMem[1].flags = MEM_Int;
-  v->aMem[1].u.i = iRow;
+  sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&v->aMem[1], iRow);
 
   /* If the statement has been run before (and is paused at the OP_ResultRow)
   ** then back it up to the point where it does the OP_NotExists.  This could
@@ -100917,7 +102423,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
 #endif
   *ppBlob = 0;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
-  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zTable==0 ){
+  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zTable==0 || zColumn==0 ){
     return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
   }
 #endif
@@ -101479,7 +102985,7 @@ struct SorterFile {
 struct SorterList {
   SorterRecord *pList;            /* Linked list of records */
   u8 *aMemory;                    /* If non-NULL, bulk memory to hold pList */
-  int szPMA;                      /* Size of pList as PMA in bytes */
+  i64 szPMA;                      /* Size of pList as PMA in bytes */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -101588,10 +103094,10 @@ typedef int (*SorterCompare)(SortSubtask*,int*,const void*,int,const void*,int);
 struct SortSubtask {
   SQLiteThread *pThread;          /* Background thread, if any */
   int bDone;                      /* Set if thread is finished but not joined */
+  int nPMA;                       /* Number of PMAs currently in file */
   VdbeSorter *pSorter;            /* Sorter that owns this sub-task */
   UnpackedRecord *pUnpacked;      /* Space to unpack a record */
   SorterList list;                /* List for thread to write to a PMA */
-  int nPMA;                       /* Number of PMAs currently in file */
   SorterCompare xCompare;         /* Compare function to use */
   SorterFile file;                /* Temp file for level-0 PMAs */
   SorterFile file2;               /* Space for other PMAs */
@@ -103065,8 +104571,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
   SorterRecord *pNew;             /* New list element */
   int bFlush;                     /* True to flush contents of memory to PMA */
-  int nReq;                       /* Bytes of memory required */
-  int nPMA;                       /* Bytes of PMA space required */
+  i64 nReq;                       /* Bytes of memory required */
+  i64 nPMA;                       /* Bytes of PMA space required */
   int t;                          /* serial type of first record field */
 
   assert( pCsr->eCurType==CURTYPE_SORTER );
@@ -104348,10 +105854,10 @@ static int bytecodevtabColumn(
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
     case 9:     /* nexec */
-      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pOp->nExec);
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pOp->nExec);
       break;
     case 10:    /* ncycle */
-      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pOp->nCycle);
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pOp->nCycle);
       break;
 #else
     case 9:     /* nexec */
@@ -104490,7 +105996,8 @@ static sqlite3_module bytecodevtabModule = {
   /* xSavepoint  */ 0,
   /* xRelease    */ 0,
   /* xRollbackTo */ 0,
-  /* xShadowName */ 0
+  /* xShadowName */ 0,
+  /* xIntegrity  */ 0
 };
 
 
@@ -105294,6 +106801,8 @@ static void resolveAlias(
   assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<pEList->nExpr );
   pOrig = pEList->a[iCol].pExpr;
   assert( pOrig!=0 );
+  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly) );
+  if( pExpr->pAggInfo ) return;
   db = pParse->db;
   pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
@@ -105319,21 +106828,36 @@ static void resolveAlias(
 }
 
 /*
-** Subqueries stores the original database, table and column names for their
-** result sets in ExprList.a[].zSpan, in the form "DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN".
-** Check to see if the zSpan given to this routine matches the zDb, zTab,
-** and zCol.  If any of zDb, zTab, and zCol are NULL then those fields will
-** match anything.
+** Subqueries store the original database, table and column names for their
+** result sets in ExprList.a[].zSpan, in the form "DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN",
+** and mark the expression-list item by setting ExprList.a[].fg.eEName
+** to ENAME_TAB.
+**
+** Check to see if the zSpan/eEName of the expression-list item passed to this
+** routine matches the zDb, zTab, and zCol.  If any of zDb, zTab, and zCol are
+** NULL then those fields will match anything. Return true if there is a match,
+** or false otherwise.
+**
+** SF_NestedFrom subqueries also store an entry for the implicit rowid (or
+** _rowid_, or oid) column by setting ExprList.a[].fg.eEName to ENAME_ROWID,
+** and setting zSpan to "DATABASE.TABLE.<rowid-alias>". This type of pItem
+** argument matches if zCol is a rowid alias. If it is not NULL, (*pbRowid)
+** is set to 1 if there is this kind of match.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchEName(
   const struct ExprList_item *pItem,
   const char *zCol,
   const char *zTab,
-  const char *zDb
+  const char *zDb,
+  int *pbRowid
 ){
   int n;
   const char *zSpan;
-  if( pItem->fg.eEName!=ENAME_TAB ) return 0;
+  int eEName = pItem->fg.eEName;
+  if( eEName!=ENAME_TAB && (eEName!=ENAME_ROWID || NEVER(pbRowid==0)) ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+  assert( pbRowid==0 || *pbRowid==0 );
   zSpan = pItem->zEName;
   for(n=0; ALWAYS(zSpan[n]) && zSpan[n]!='.'; n++){}
   if( zDb && (sqlite3StrNICmp(zSpan, zDb, n)!=0 || zDb[n]!=0) ){
@@ -105345,9 +106869,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MatchEName(
     return 0;
   }
   zSpan += n+1;
-  if( zCol && sqlite3StrICmp(zSpan, zCol)!=0 ){
-    return 0;
+  if( zCol ){
+    if( eEName==ENAME_TAB && sqlite3StrICmp(zSpan, zCol)!=0 ) return 0;
+    if( eEName==ENAME_ROWID && sqlite3IsRowid(zCol)==0 ) return 0;
   }
+  if( eEName==ENAME_ROWID ) *pbRowid = 1;
   return 1;
 }
 
@@ -105380,6 +106906,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr *pExpr){
   assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
   pExTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
   assert( pExTab!=0 );
+  assert( n < pExTab->nCol );
   if( (pExTab->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated)!=0
    && (pExTab->aCol[n].colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0
   ){
@@ -105474,13 +107001,13 @@ static int lookupName(
   Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */
   const char *zDb,     /* Name of the database containing table, or NULL */
   const char *zTab,    /* Name of table containing column, or NULL */
-  const char *zCol,    /* Name of the column. */
+  const Expr *pRight,  /* Name of the column. */
   NameContext *pNC,    /* The name context used to resolve the name */
   Expr *pExpr          /* Make this EXPR node point to the selected column */
 ){
   int i, j;                         /* Loop counters */
   int cnt = 0;                      /* Number of matching column names */
-  int cntTab = 0;                   /* Number of matching table names */
+  int cntTab = 0;                   /* Number of potential "rowid" matches */
   int nSubquery = 0;                /* How many levels of subquery */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;         /* The database connection */
   SrcItem *pItem;                   /* Use for looping over pSrcList items */
@@ -105491,6 +107018,7 @@ static int lookupName(
   Table *pTab = 0;                  /* Table holding the row */
   Column *pCol;                     /* A column of pTab */
   ExprList *pFJMatch = 0;           /* Matches for FULL JOIN .. USING */
+  const char *zCol = pRight->u.zToken;
 
   assert( pNC );     /* the name context cannot be NULL. */
   assert( zCol );    /* The Z in X.Y.Z cannot be NULL */
@@ -105557,39 +107085,49 @@ static int lookupName(
           assert( pEList!=0 );
           assert( pEList->nExpr==pTab->nCol );
           for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
-            if( !sqlite3MatchEName(&pEList->a[j], zCol, zTab, zDb) ){
+            int bRowid = 0;       /* True if possible rowid match */
+            if( !sqlite3MatchEName(&pEList->a[j], zCol, zTab, zDb, &bRowid) ){
               continue;
             }
-            if( cnt>0 ){
-              if( pItem->fg.isUsing==0
-               || sqlite3IdListIndex(pItem->u3.pUsing, zCol)<0
-              ){
-                /* Two or more tables have the same column name which is
-                ** not joined by USING.  This is an error.  Signal as much
-                ** by clearing pFJMatch and letting cnt go above 1. */
-                sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
-                pFJMatch = 0;
-              }else
-              if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 ){
-                /* An INNER or LEFT JOIN.  Use the left-most table */
-                continue;
-              }else
-              if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ){
-                /* A RIGHT JOIN.  Use the right-most table */
-                cnt = 0;
-                sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
-                pFJMatch = 0;
-              }else{
-                /* For a FULL JOIN, we must construct a coalesce() func */
-                extendFJMatch(pParse, &pFJMatch, pMatch, pExpr->iColumn);
+            if( bRowid==0 ){
+              if( cnt>0 ){
+                if( pItem->fg.isUsing==0
+                 || sqlite3IdListIndex(pItem->u3.pUsing, zCol)<0
+                ){
+                  /* Two or more tables have the same column name which is
+                  ** not joined by USING.  This is an error.  Signal as much
+                  ** by clearing pFJMatch and letting cnt go above 1. */
+                  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
+                  pFJMatch = 0;
+                }else
+                if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 ){
+                  /* An INNER or LEFT JOIN.  Use the left-most table */
+                  continue;
+                }else
+                if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ){
+                  /* A RIGHT JOIN.  Use the right-most table */
+                  cnt = 0;
+                  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pFJMatch);
+                  pFJMatch = 0;
+                }else{
+                  /* For a FULL JOIN, we must construct a coalesce() func */
+                  extendFJMatch(pParse, &pFJMatch, pMatch, pExpr->iColumn);
+                }
               }
+              cnt++;
+              hit = 1;
+            }else if( cnt>0 ){
+              /* This is a potential rowid match, but there has already been
+              ** a real match found. So this can be ignored.  */
+              continue;
             }
-            cnt++;
-            cntTab = 2;
+            cntTab++;
             pMatch = pItem;
             pExpr->iColumn = j;
             pEList->a[j].fg.bUsed = 1;
-            hit = 1;
+
+            /* rowid cannot be part of a USING clause - assert() this. */
+            assert( bRowid==0 || pEList->a[j].fg.bUsingTerm==0 );
             if( pEList->a[j].fg.bUsingTerm ) break;
           }
           if( hit || zTab==0 ) continue;
@@ -105653,8 +107191,37 @@ static int lookupName(
           }
         }
         if( 0==cnt && VisibleRowid(pTab) ){
+          /* pTab is a potential ROWID match.  Keep track of it and match
+          ** the ROWID later if that seems appropriate.  (Search for "cntTab"
+          ** to find related code.)  Only allow a ROWID match if there is
+          ** a single ROWID match candidate.
+          */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+          /* In SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW mode, allow a ROWID match
+          ** if there is a single VIEW candidate or if there is a single
+          ** non-VIEW candidate plus multiple VIEW candidates.  In other
+          ** words non-VIEW candidate terms take precedence over VIEWs.
+          */
+          if( cntTab==0
+           || (cntTab==1
+               && ALWAYS(pMatch!=0)
+               && ALWAYS(pMatch->pTab!=0)
+               && (pMatch->pTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)!=0
+               && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0)
+          ){
+            cntTab = 1;
+            pMatch = pItem;
+          }else{
+            cntTab++;
+          }
+#else
+          /* The (much more common) non-SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW case is
+          ** simpler since we require exactly one candidate, which will
+          ** always be a non-VIEW
+          */
           cntTab++;
           pMatch = pItem;
+#endif
         }
       }
       if( pMatch ){
@@ -105683,7 +107250,8 @@ static int lookupName(
         if( pParse->bReturning ){
           if( (pNC->ncFlags & NC_UBaseReg)!=0
            && ALWAYS(zTab==0
-                     || sqlite3StrICmp(zTab,pParse->pTriggerTab->zName)==0)
+                     || sqlite3StrICmp(zTab,pParse->pTriggerTab->zName)==0
+                     || isValidSchemaTableName(zTab, pParse->pTriggerTab, 0))
           ){
             pExpr->iTable = op!=TK_DELETE;
             pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;
@@ -105780,14 +107348,19 @@ static int lookupName(
     ** Perhaps the name is a reference to the ROWID
     */
     if( cnt==0
-     && cntTab==1
+     && cntTab>=1
      && pMatch
      && (pNC->ncFlags & (NC_IdxExpr|NC_GenCol))==0
      && sqlite3IsRowid(zCol)
-     && ALWAYS(VisibleRowid(pMatch->pTab))
+     && ALWAYS(VisibleRowid(pMatch->pTab) || pMatch->fg.isNestedFrom)
     ){
-      cnt = 1;
-      pExpr->iColumn = -1;
+      cnt = cntTab;
+#if SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW+0==2
+      if( pMatch->pTab!=0 && IsView(pMatch->pTab) ){
+        eNewExprOp = TK_NULL;
+      }
+#endif
+      if( pMatch->fg.isNestedFrom==0 ) pExpr->iColumn = -1;
       pExpr->affExpr = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
     }
 
@@ -105940,12 +107513,17 @@ static int lookupName(
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s.%s", zErr, zDb, zTab, zCol);
     }else if( zTab ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zErr, zTab, zCol);
+    }else if( cnt==0 && ExprHasProperty(pRight,EP_DblQuoted) ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: \"%s\" - should this be a"
+                              " string literal in single-quotes?",
+                              zErr, zCol);
     }else{
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zErr, zCol);
     }
     sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(pParse->db, pExpr);
     pParse->checkSchema = 1;
     pTopNC->nNcErr++;
+    eNewExprOp = TK_NULL;
   }
   assert( pFJMatch==0 );
 
@@ -105972,8 +107550,12 @@ static int lookupName(
   ** If a generated column is referenced, set bits for every column
   ** of the table.
   */
-  if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 && pMatch!=0 ){
-    pMatch->colUsed |= sqlite3ExprColUsed(pExpr);
+  if( pMatch ){
+    if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 ){
+      pMatch->colUsed |= sqlite3ExprColUsed(pExpr);
+    }else{
+      pMatch->fg.rowidUsed = 1;
+    }
   }
 
   pExpr->op = eNewExprOp;
@@ -106150,6 +107732,19 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     ** resolved.  This prevents "column" from being counted as having been
     ** referenced, which might prevent a SELECT from being erroneously
     ** marked as correlated.
+    **
+    ** 2024-03-28: Beware of aggregates.  A bare column of aggregated table
+    ** can still evaluate to NULL even though it is marked as NOT NULL.
+    ** Example:
+    **
+    **       CREATE TABLE t1(a INT NOT NULL);
+    **       SELECT a, a IS NULL, a IS NOT NULL, count(*) FROM t1;
+    **
+    ** The "a IS NULL" and "a IS NOT NULL" expressions cannot be optimized
+    ** here because at the time this case is hit, we do not yet know whether
+    ** or not t1 is being aggregated.  We have to assume the worst and omit
+    ** the optimization.  The only time it is safe to apply this optimization
+    ** is within the WHERE clause.
     */
     case TK_NOTNULL:
     case TK_ISNULL: {
@@ -106160,19 +107755,36 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         anRef[i] = p->nRef;
       }
       sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft);
-      if( 0==sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pExpr->pLeft) && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
-        testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_OuterON) );
-        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-        pExpr->u.iValue = (pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL);
-        pExpr->flags |= EP_IntValue;
-        pExpr->op = TK_INTEGER;
+      if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ) return WRC_Prune;
+      if( sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pExpr->pLeft) ){
+        /* The expression can be NULL.  So the optimization does not apply */
+        return WRC_Prune;
+      }
 
-        for(i=0, p=pNC; p && i<ArraySize(anRef); p=p->pNext, i++){
-          p->nRef = anRef[i];
+      for(i=0, p=pNC; p; p=p->pNext, i++){
+        if( (p->ncFlags & NC_Where)==0 ){
+          return WRC_Prune;  /* Not in a WHERE clause.  Unsafe to optimize. */
         }
-        sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr->pLeft);
-        pExpr->pLeft = 0;
       }
+      testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_OuterON) );
+      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
+#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
+      if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x80000 ){
+        sqlite3DebugPrintf(
+           "NOT NULL strength reduction converts the following to %d:\n",
+           pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL
+        );
+        sqlite3ShowExpr(pExpr);
+      }
+#endif /* TREETRACE_ENABLED */
+      pExpr->u.iValue = (pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL);
+      pExpr->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+      pExpr->op = TK_INTEGER;
+      for(i=0, p=pNC; p && i<ArraySize(anRef); p=p->pNext, i++){
+        p->nRef = anRef[i];
+      }
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr->pLeft);
+      pExpr->pLeft = 0;
       return WRC_Prune;
     }
 
@@ -106186,7 +107798,6 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     */
     case TK_ID:
     case TK_DOT: {
-      const char *zColumn;
       const char *zTable;
       const char *zDb;
       Expr *pRight;
@@ -106195,7 +107806,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         zDb = 0;
         zTable = 0;
         assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
-        zColumn = pExpr->u.zToken;
+        pRight = pExpr;
       }else{
         Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
         testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
@@ -106214,14 +107825,13 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         }
         assert( ExprUseUToken(pLeft) && ExprUseUToken(pRight) );
         zTable = pLeft->u.zToken;
-        zColumn = pRight->u.zToken;
         assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
         if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
           sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, (void*)pExpr, (void*)pRight);
           sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab, (void*)pLeft);
         }
       }
-      return lookupName(pParse, zDb, zTable, zColumn, pNC, pExpr);
+      return lookupName(pParse, zDb, zTable, pRight, pNC, pExpr);
     }
 
     /* Resolve function names
@@ -106240,6 +107850,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       Window *pWin = (IsWindowFunc(pExpr) ? pExpr->y.pWin : 0);
 #endif
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_IntValue) );
+      assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 || pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_ORDER );
       zId = pExpr->u.zToken;
       pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, n, enc, 0);
       if( pDef==0 ){
@@ -106381,6 +107992,10 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
           pNC->nNcErr++;
         }
 #endif
+        else if( is_agg==0 && pExpr->pLeft ){
+          sqlite3ExprOrderByAggregateError(pParse, pExpr);
+          pNC->nNcErr++;
+        }
         if( is_agg ){
           /* Window functions may not be arguments of aggregate functions.
           ** Or arguments of other window functions. But aggregate functions
@@ -106392,13 +108007,16 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
 #endif
         }
       }
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-      else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
+      else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) || pExpr->pLeft ){
         is_agg = 1;
       }
-#endif
       sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pList);
       if( is_agg ){
+        if( pExpr->pLeft ){
+          assert( pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_ORDER );
+          assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr->pLeft) );
+          sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft->x.pList);
+        }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
         if( pWin ){
           Select *pSel = pNC->pWinSelect;
@@ -106427,11 +108045,12 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
           while( pNC2
               && sqlite3ReferencesSrcList(pParse, pExpr, pNC2->pSrcList)==0
           ){
-            pExpr->op2++;
+            pExpr->op2 += (1 + pNC2->nNestedSelect);
             pNC2 = pNC2->pNext;
           }
           assert( pDef!=0 || IN_RENAME_OBJECT );
           if( pNC2 && pDef ){
+            pExpr->op2 += pNC2->nNestedSelect;
             assert( SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX==NC_MinMaxAgg );
             assert( SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER==NC_OrderAgg );
             testcase( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX)!=0 );
@@ -106460,6 +108079,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
         testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IdxExpr );
         testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_GenCol );
+        assert( pExpr->x.pSelect );
         if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_SelfRef ){
           notValidImpl(pParse, pNC, "subqueries", pExpr, pExpr);
         }else{
@@ -106468,6 +108088,7 @@ static int resolveExprStep(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
         assert( pNC->nRef>=nRef );
         if( nRef!=pNC->nRef ){
           ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect);
+          pExpr->x.pSelect->selFlags |= SF_Correlated;
         }
         pNC->ncFlags |= NC_Subquery;
       }
@@ -106962,10 +108583,8 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   while( p ){
     assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 );
     assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Resolved)==0 );
-    assert( db->suppressErr==0 ); /* SF_Resolved not set if errors suppressed */
     p->selFlags |= SF_Resolved;
 
-
     /* Resolve the expressions in the LIMIT and OFFSET clauses. These
     ** are not allowed to refer to any names, so pass an empty NameContext.
     */
@@ -106992,8 +108611,10 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
 
     /* Recursively resolve names in all subqueries in the FROM clause
     */
+    if( pOuterNC ) pOuterNC->nNestedSelect++;
     for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
       SrcItem *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
+      assert( pItem->zName!=0 || pItem->pSelect!=0 );/* Test of tag-20240424-1*/
       if( pItem->pSelect && (pItem->pSelect->selFlags & SF_Resolved)==0 ){
         int nRef = pOuterNC ? pOuterNC->nRef : 0;
         const char *zSavedContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
@@ -107016,6 +108637,9 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
         }
       }
     }
+    if( pOuterNC && ALWAYS(pOuterNC->nNestedSelect>0) ){
+      pOuterNC->nNestedSelect--;
+    }
 
     /* Set up the local name-context to pass to sqlite3ResolveExprNames() to
     ** resolve the result-set expression list.
@@ -107059,7 +108683,9 @@ static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
       }
       if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pHaving) ) return WRC_Abort;
     }
+    sNC.ncFlags |= NC_Where;
     if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pWhere) ) return WRC_Abort;
+    sNC.ncFlags &= ~NC_Where;
 
     /* Resolve names in table-valued-function arguments */
     for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
@@ -107598,9 +109224,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr *pExpr){
       assert( pExpr->x.pList->nExpr>0 );
       assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
       pExpr = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
-    }else{
-      assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE );
+    }else if( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
       pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
+    }else{
+      break;
     }
   }
   return pExpr;
@@ -107971,6 +109598,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(
     */
     pRet = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT_COLUMN, 0, 0);
     if( pRet ){
+      ExprSetProperty(pRet, EP_FullSize);
       pRet->iTable = nField;
       pRet->iColumn = iField;
       pRet->pLeft = pVector;
@@ -108293,11 +109921,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprSetErrorOffset(Expr *pExpr, int iOfst){
 ** appear to be quoted.  If the quotes were of the form "..." (double-quotes)
 ** then the EP_DblQuoted flag is set on the expression node.
 **
-** Special case:  If op==TK_INTEGER and pToken points to a string that
-** can be translated into a 32-bit integer, then the token is not
-** stored in u.zToken.  Instead, the integer values is written
-** into u.iValue and the EP_IntValue flag is set.  No extra storage
+** Special case (tag-20240227-a):  If op==TK_INTEGER and pToken points to
+** a string that can be translated into a 32-bit integer, then the token is
+** not stored in u.zToken.  Instead, the integer values is written
+** into u.iValue and the EP_IntValue flag is set. No extra storage
 ** is allocated to hold the integer text and the dequote flag is ignored.
+** See also tag-20240227-b.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Handle for sqlite3DbMallocRawNN() */
@@ -108313,7 +109942,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(
   if( pToken ){
     if( op!=TK_INTEGER || pToken->z==0
           || sqlite3GetInt32(pToken->z, &iValue)==0 ){
-      nExtra = pToken->n+1;
+      nExtra = pToken->n+1;  /* tag-20240227-a */
       assert( iValue>=0 );
     }
   }
@@ -108562,6 +110191,67 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(
 }
 
 /*
+** Report an error when attempting to use an ORDER BY clause within
+** the arguments of a non-aggregate function.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprOrderByAggregateError(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
+  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
+     "ORDER BY may not be used with non-aggregate %#T()", p
+  );
+}
+
+/*
+** Attach an ORDER BY clause to a function call.
+**
+**     functionname( arguments ORDER BY sortlist )
+**     \_____________________/          \______/
+**             pExpr                    pOrderBy
+**
+** The ORDER BY clause is inserted into a new Expr node of type TK_ORDER
+** and added to the Expr.pLeft field of the parent TK_FUNCTION node.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAddFunctionOrderBy(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
+  Expr *pExpr,          /* The function call to which ORDER BY is to be added */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy    /* The ORDER BY clause to add */
+){
+  Expr *pOB;
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  if( NEVER(pOrderBy==0) ){
+    assert( db->mallocFailed );
+    return;
+  }
+  if( pExpr==0 ){
+    assert( db->mallocFailed );
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
+    return;
+  }
+  assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
+  assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 );
+  assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
+  if( pExpr->x.pList==0 || NEVER(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr==0) ){
+    /* Ignore ORDER BY on zero-argument aggregates */
+    sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3ExprListDeleteGeneric, pOrderBy);
+    return;
+  }
+  if( IsWindowFunc(pExpr) ){
+    sqlite3ExprOrderByAggregateError(pParse, pExpr);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pOB = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ORDER, 0, 0);
+  if( pOB==0 ){
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
+    return;
+  }
+  pOB->x.pList = pOrderBy;
+  assert( ExprUseXList(pOB) );
+  pExpr->pLeft = pOB;
+  ExprSetProperty(pOB, EP_FullSize);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Check to see if a function is usable according to current access
 ** rules:
 **
@@ -108684,6 +110374,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, u32 n
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
   assert( p!=0 );
   assert( db!=0 );
+exprDeleteRestart:
   assert( !ExprUseUValue(p) || p->u.iValue>=0 );
   assert( !ExprUseYWin(p) || !ExprUseYSub(p) );
   assert( !ExprUseYWin(p) || p->y.pWin!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
@@ -108699,7 +110390,6 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
   if( !ExprHasProperty(p, (EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
     /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
     assert( (ExprUseXList(p) && p->x.pList==0) || p->pRight==0 );
-    if( p->pLeft && p->op!=TK_SELECT_COLUMN ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pLeft);
     if( p->pRight ){
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) );
       sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pRight);
@@ -108714,6 +110404,19 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
       }
 #endif
     }
+    if( p->pLeft && p->op!=TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
+      Expr *pLeft = p->pLeft;
+      if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Static)
+       && !ExprHasProperty(pLeft, EP_Static)
+      ){
+        /* Avoid unnecessary recursion on unary operators */
+        sqlite3DbNNFreeNN(db, p);
+        p = pLeft;
+        goto exprDeleteRestart;
+      }else{
+        sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, pLeft);
+      }
+    }
   }
   if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Static) ){
     sqlite3DbNNFreeNN(db, p);
@@ -108722,6 +110425,9 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
   if( p ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p);
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDeleteGeneric(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
+  if( ALWAYS(p) ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, (Expr*)p);
+}
 
 /*
 ** Clear both elements of an OnOrUsing object
@@ -108743,13 +110449,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ClearOnOrUsing(sqlite3 *db, OnOrUsing *p){
 **
 ** The pExpr might be deleted immediately on an OOM error.
 **
-** The deferred delete is (currently) implemented by adding the
-** pExpr to the pParse->pConstExpr list with a register number of 0.
+** Return 0 if the delete was successfully deferred.  Return non-zero
+** if the delete happened immediately because of an OOM.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
-  sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
-    (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3ExprDelete,
-    pExpr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  return 0==sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3ExprDeleteGeneric, pExpr);
 }
 
 /* Invoke sqlite3RenameExprUnmap() and sqlite3ExprDelete() on the
@@ -108814,11 +110518,7 @@ static int dupedExprStructSize(const Expr *p, int flags){
   assert( flags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE || flags==0 ); /* Only one flag value allowed */
   assert( EXPR_FULLSIZE<=0xfff );
   assert( (0xfff & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly))==0 );
-  if( 0==flags || p->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
-   || ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc)
-#endif
-  ){
+  if( 0==flags || ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FullSize) ){
     nSize = EXPR_FULLSIZE;
   }else{
     assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
@@ -108849,56 +110549,93 @@ static int dupedExprNodeSize(const Expr *p, int flags){
 
 /*
 ** Return the number of bytes required to create a duplicate of the
-** expression passed as the first argument. The second argument is a
-** mask containing EXPRDUP_XXX flags.
+** expression passed as the first argument.
 **
 ** The value returned includes space to create a copy of the Expr struct
 ** itself and the buffer referred to by Expr.u.zToken, if any.
 **
-** If the EXPRDUP_REDUCE flag is set, then the return value includes
-** space to duplicate all Expr nodes in the tree formed by Expr.pLeft
-** and Expr.pRight variables (but not for any structures pointed to or
-** descended from the Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect variables).
+** The return value includes space to duplicate all Expr nodes in the
+** tree formed by Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight, but not any other
+** substructure such as Expr.x.pList, Expr.x.pSelect, and Expr.y.pWin.
 */
-static int dupedExprSize(const Expr *p, int flags){
-  int nByte = 0;
-  if( p ){
-    nByte = dupedExprNodeSize(p, flags);
-    if( flags&EXPRDUP_REDUCE ){
-      nByte += dupedExprSize(p->pLeft, flags) + dupedExprSize(p->pRight, flags);
-    }
-  }
+static int dupedExprSize(const Expr *p){
+  int nByte;
+  assert( p!=0 );
+  nByte = dupedExprNodeSize(p, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
+  if( p->pLeft ) nByte += dupedExprSize(p->pLeft);
+  if( p->pRight ) nByte += dupedExprSize(p->pRight);
+  assert( nByte==ROUND8(nByte) );
   return nByte;
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is similar to sqlite3ExprDup(), except that if pzBuffer
-** is not NULL then *pzBuffer is assumed to point to a buffer large enough
-** to store the copy of expression p, the copies of p->u.zToken
-** (if applicable), and the copies of the p->pLeft and p->pRight expressions,
-** if any. Before returning, *pzBuffer is set to the first byte past the
-** portion of the buffer copied into by this function.
+** An EdupBuf is a memory allocation used to stored multiple Expr objects
+** together with their Expr.zToken content.  This is used to help implement
+** compression while doing sqlite3ExprDup().  The top-level Expr does the
+** allocation for itself and many of its decendents, then passes an instance
+** of the structure down into exprDup() so that they decendents can have
+** access to that memory.
 */
-static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, const Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
+typedef struct EdupBuf EdupBuf;
+struct EdupBuf {
+  u8 *zAlloc;          /* Memory space available for storage */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  u8 *zEnd;            /* First byte past the end of memory */
+#endif
+};
+
+/*
+** This function is similar to sqlite3ExprDup(), except that if pEdupBuf
+** is not NULL then it points to memory that can be used to store a copy
+** of the input Expr p together with its p->u.zToken (if any).  pEdupBuf
+** is updated with the new buffer tail prior to returning.
+*/
+static Expr *exprDup(
+  sqlite3 *db,          /* Database connection (for memory allocation) */
+  const Expr *p,        /* Expr tree to be duplicated */
+  int dupFlags,         /* EXPRDUP_REDUCE for compression.  0 if not */
+  EdupBuf *pEdupBuf     /* Preallocated storage space, or NULL */
+){
   Expr *pNew;           /* Value to return */
-  u8 *zAlloc;           /* Memory space from which to build Expr object */
+  EdupBuf sEdupBuf;     /* Memory space from which to build Expr object */
   u32 staticFlag;       /* EP_Static if space not obtained from malloc */
+  int nToken = -1;       /* Space needed for p->u.zToken.  -1 means unknown */
 
   assert( db!=0 );
   assert( p );
   assert( dupFlags==0 || dupFlags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE );
-  assert( pzBuffer==0 || dupFlags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE );
+  assert( pEdupBuf==0 || dupFlags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE );
 
   /* Figure out where to write the new Expr structure. */
-  if( pzBuffer ){
-    zAlloc = *pzBuffer;
+  if( pEdupBuf ){
+    sEdupBuf.zAlloc = pEdupBuf->zAlloc;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    sEdupBuf.zEnd = pEdupBuf->zEnd;
+#endif
     staticFlag = EP_Static;
-    assert( zAlloc!=0 );
+    assert( sEdupBuf.zAlloc!=0 );
+    assert( dupFlags==EXPRDUP_REDUCE );
   }else{
-    zAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, dupedExprSize(p, dupFlags));
+    int nAlloc;
+    if( dupFlags ){
+      nAlloc = dupedExprSize(p);
+    }else if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) && p->u.zToken ){
+      nToken = sqlite3Strlen30NN(p->u.zToken)+1;
+      nAlloc = ROUND8(EXPR_FULLSIZE + nToken);
+    }else{
+      nToken = 0;
+      nAlloc = ROUND8(EXPR_FULLSIZE);
+    }
+    assert( nAlloc==ROUND8(nAlloc) );
+    sEdupBuf.zAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, nAlloc);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    sEdupBuf.zEnd = sEdupBuf.zAlloc ? sEdupBuf.zAlloc+nAlloc : 0;
+#endif
+
     staticFlag = 0;
   }
-  pNew = (Expr *)zAlloc;
+  pNew = (Expr *)sEdupBuf.zAlloc;
+  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pNew) );
 
   if( pNew ){
     /* Set nNewSize to the size allocated for the structure pointed to
@@ -108907,22 +110644,27 @@ static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, const Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
     ** by the copy of the p->u.zToken string (if any).
     */
     const unsigned nStructSize = dupedExprStructSize(p, dupFlags);
-    const int nNewSize = nStructSize & 0xfff;
-    int nToken;
-    if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) && p->u.zToken ){
-      nToken = sqlite3Strlen30(p->u.zToken) + 1;
-    }else{
-      nToken = 0;
+    int nNewSize = nStructSize & 0xfff;
+    if( nToken<0 ){
+      if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) && p->u.zToken ){
+        nToken = sqlite3Strlen30(p->u.zToken) + 1;
+      }else{
+        nToken = 0;
+      }
     }
     if( dupFlags ){
+      assert( (int)(sEdupBuf.zEnd - sEdupBuf.zAlloc) >= nNewSize+nToken );
       assert( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced)==0 );
-      memcpy(zAlloc, p, nNewSize);
+      memcpy(sEdupBuf.zAlloc, p, nNewSize);
     }else{
       u32 nSize = (u32)exprStructSize(p);
-      memcpy(zAlloc, p, nSize);
+      assert( (int)(sEdupBuf.zEnd - sEdupBuf.zAlloc) >=
+                                                   (int)EXPR_FULLSIZE+nToken );
+      memcpy(sEdupBuf.zAlloc, p, nSize);
       if( nSize<EXPR_FULLSIZE ){
-        memset(&zAlloc[nSize], 0, EXPR_FULLSIZE-nSize);
+        memset(&sEdupBuf.zAlloc[nSize], 0, EXPR_FULLSIZE-nSize);
       }
+      nNewSize = EXPR_FULLSIZE;
     }
 
     /* Set the EP_Reduced, EP_TokenOnly, and EP_Static flags appropriately. */
@@ -108935,44 +110677,50 @@ static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, const Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
     }
 
     /* Copy the p->u.zToken string, if any. */
-    if( nToken ){
-      char *zToken = pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&zAlloc[nNewSize];
+    assert( nToken>=0 );
+    if( nToken>0 ){
+      char *zToken = pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&sEdupBuf.zAlloc[nNewSize];
       memcpy(zToken, p->u.zToken, nToken);
+      nNewSize += nToken;
     }
+    sEdupBuf.zAlloc += ROUND8(nNewSize);
+
+    if( ((p->flags|pNew->flags)&(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf))==0 ){
 
-    if( 0==((p->flags|pNew->flags) & (EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
       /* Fill in the pNew->x.pSelect or pNew->x.pList member. */
       if( ExprUseXSelect(p) ){
         pNew->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->x.pSelect, dupFlags);
       }else{
-        pNew->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->x.pList, dupFlags);
+        pNew->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->x.pList,
+                           p->op!=TK_ORDER ? dupFlags : 0);
       }
-    }
 
-    /* Fill in pNew->pLeft and pNew->pRight. */
-    if( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly|EP_WinFunc) ){
-      zAlloc += dupedExprNodeSize(p, dupFlags);
-      if( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf) ){
-        pNew->pLeft = p->pLeft ?
-                      exprDup(db, p->pLeft, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc) : 0;
-        pNew->pRight = p->pRight ?
-                       exprDup(db, p->pRight, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc) : 0;
-      }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
       if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_WinFunc) ){
         pNew->y.pWin = sqlite3WindowDup(db, pNew, p->y.pWin);
         assert( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_WinFunc) );
       }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
-      if( pzBuffer ){
-        *pzBuffer = zAlloc;
-      }
-    }else{
-      if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf) ){
-        if( pNew->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
+
+      /* Fill in pNew->pLeft and pNew->pRight. */
+      if( dupFlags ){
+        if( p->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
+          pNew->pLeft = p->pLeft;
+          assert( p->pRight==0
+               || p->pRight==p->pLeft
+               || ExprHasProperty(p->pLeft, EP_Subquery) );
+        }else{
+          pNew->pLeft = p->pLeft ?
+                      exprDup(db, p->pLeft, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &sEdupBuf) : 0;
+        }
+        pNew->pRight = p->pRight ?
+                       exprDup(db, p->pRight, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &sEdupBuf) : 0;
+      }else{
+        if( p->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
           pNew->pLeft = p->pLeft;
-          assert( p->pRight==0  || p->pRight==p->pLeft
-                                || ExprHasProperty(p->pLeft, EP_Subquery) );
+          assert( p->pRight==0
+               || p->pRight==p->pLeft
+               || ExprHasProperty(p->pLeft, EP_Subquery) );
         }else{
           pNew->pLeft = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLeft, 0);
         }
@@ -108980,6 +110728,8 @@ static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, const Expr *p, int dupFlags, u8 **pzBuffer){
       }
     }
   }
+  if( pEdupBuf ) memcpy(pEdupBuf, &sEdupBuf, sizeof(sEdupBuf));
+  assert( sEdupBuf.zAlloc <= sEdupBuf.zEnd );
   return pNew;
 }
 
@@ -109139,17 +110889,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3 *db, const SrcList *p, int fla
     pNewItem->iCursor = pOldItem->iCursor;
     pNewItem->addrFillSub = pOldItem->addrFillSub;
     pNewItem->regReturn = pOldItem->regReturn;
+    pNewItem->regResult = pOldItem->regResult;
     if( pNewItem->fg.isIndexedBy ){
       pNewItem->u1.zIndexedBy = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->u1.zIndexedBy);
+    }else if( pNewItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
+      pNewItem->u1.pFuncArg =
+          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pOldItem->u1.pFuncArg, flags);
+    }else{
+      pNewItem->u1.nRow = pOldItem->u1.nRow;
     }
     pNewItem->u2 = pOldItem->u2;
     if( pNewItem->fg.isCte ){
       pNewItem->u2.pCteUse->nUse++;
     }
-    if( pNewItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
-      pNewItem->u1.pFuncArg =
-          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pOldItem->u1.pFuncArg, flags);
-    }
     pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
     if( pTab ){
       pTab->nTabRef++;
@@ -109244,11 +110996,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, const Select *p, int flags)
 ** initially NULL, then create a new expression list.
 **
 ** The pList argument must be either NULL or a pointer to an ExprList
-** obtained from a prior call to sqlite3ExprListAppend().  This routine
-** may not be used with an ExprList obtained from sqlite3ExprListDup().
-** Reason:  This routine assumes that the number of slots in pList->a[]
-** is a power of two.  That is true for sqlite3ExprListAppend() returns
-** but is not necessarily true from the return value of sqlite3ExprListDup().
+** obtained from a prior call to sqlite3ExprListAppend().
 **
 ** If a memory allocation error occurs, the entire list is freed and
 ** NULL is returned.  If non-NULL is returned, then it is guaranteed
@@ -109513,6 +111261,9 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void exprListDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *pList){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *pList){
   if( pList ) exprListDeleteNN(db, pList);
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDeleteGeneric(sqlite3 *db, void *pList){
+  if( ALWAYS(pList) ) exprListDeleteNN(db, (ExprList*)pList);
+}
 
 /*
 ** Return the bitwise-OR of all Expr.flags fields in the given
@@ -109616,6 +111367,54 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr *pExpr){
   return pExpr;
 }
 
+/*
+** pExpr is a TK_FUNCTION node.  Try to determine whether or not the
+** function is a constant function.  A function is constant if all of
+** the following are true:
+**
+**    (1)  It is a scalar function (not an aggregate or window function)
+**    (2)  It has either the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG
+**         property.
+**    (3)  All of its arguments are constants
+**
+** This routine sets pWalker->eCode to 0 if pExpr is not a constant.
+** It makes no changes to pWalker->eCode if pExpr is constant.  In
+** every case, it returns WRC_Abort.
+**
+** Called as a service subroutine from exprNodeIsConstant().
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int exprNodeIsConstantFunction(
+  Walker *pWalker,
+  Expr *pExpr
+){
+  int n;             /* Number of arguments */
+  ExprList *pList;   /* List of arguments */
+  FuncDef *pDef;     /* The function */
+  sqlite3 *db;       /* The database */
+
+  assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly)
+   || (pList = pExpr->x.pList)==0
+  ){;
+    n = 0;
+  }else{
+    n = pList->nExpr;
+    sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pList);
+    if( pWalker->eCode==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
+  }
+  db = pWalker->pParse->db;
+  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, n, ENC(db), 0);
+  if( pDef==0
+   || pDef->xFinalize!=0
+   || (pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG))==0
+   || ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc)
+  ){
+    pWalker->eCode = 0;
+    return WRC_Abort;
+  }
+  return WRC_Prune;
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** These routines are Walker callbacks used to check expressions to
@@ -109644,6 +111443,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr *pExpr){
 ** malformed schema error.
 */
 static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  assert( pWalker->eCode>0 );
 
   /* If pWalker->eCode is 2 then any term of the expression that comes from
   ** the ON or USING clauses of an outer join disqualifies the expression
@@ -109663,6 +111463,8 @@ static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       ){
         if( pWalker->eCode==5 ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL);
         return WRC_Continue;
+      }else if( pWalker->pParse ){
+        return exprNodeIsConstantFunction(pWalker, pExpr);
       }else{
         pWalker->eCode = 0;
         return WRC_Abort;
@@ -109691,9 +111493,11 @@ static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     case TK_IF_NULL_ROW:
     case TK_REGISTER:
     case TK_DOT:
+    case TK_RAISE:
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_DOT );
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_RAISE );
       pWalker->eCode = 0;
       return WRC_Abort;
     case TK_VARIABLE:
@@ -109715,15 +111519,15 @@ static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
       return WRC_Continue;
   }
 }
-static int exprIsConst(Expr *p, int initFlag, int iCur){
+static int exprIsConst(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int initFlag){
   Walker w;
   w.eCode = initFlag;
+  w.pParse = pParse;
   w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstant;
   w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2;
 #endif
-  w.u.iCur = iCur;
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
   return w.eCode;
 }
@@ -109735,9 +111539,15 @@ static int exprIsConst(Expr *p, int initFlag, int iCur){
 ** For the purposes of this function, a double-quoted string (ex: "abc")
 ** is considered a variable but a single-quoted string (ex: 'abc') is
 ** a constant.
+**
+** The pParse parameter may be NULL.  But if it is NULL, there is no way
+** to determine if function calls are constant or not, and hence all
+** function calls will be considered to be non-constant.  If pParse is
+** not NULL, then a function call might be constant, depending on the
+** function and on its parameters.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr *p){
-  return exprIsConst(p, 1, 0);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
+  return exprIsConst(pParse, p, 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -109753,8 +111563,24 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr *p){
 ** can be added to the pParse->pConstExpr list and evaluated once when
 ** the prepared statement starts up.  See sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce().
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr *p){
-  return exprIsConst(p, 2, 0);
+static int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
+  return exprIsConst(pParse, p, 2);
+}
+
+/*
+** This routine examines sub-SELECT statements as an expression is being
+** walked as part of sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant().  Sub-SELECTs are considered
+** constant as long as they are uncorrelated - meaning that they do not
+** contain any terms from outer contexts.
+*/
+static int exprSelectWalkTableConstant(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
+  assert( pSelect!=0 );
+  assert( pWalker->eCode==3 || pWalker->eCode==0 );
+  if( (pSelect->selFlags & SF_Correlated)!=0 ){
+    pWalker->eCode = 0;
+    return WRC_Abort;
+  }
+  return WRC_Prune;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -109762,9 +111588,26 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr *p){
 ** for any single row of the table with cursor iCur.  In other words, the
 ** expression must not refer to any non-deterministic function nor any
 ** table other than iCur.
+**
+** Consider uncorrelated subqueries to be constants if the bAllowSubq
+** parameter is true.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur){
-  return exprIsConst(p, 3, iCur);
+static int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur, int bAllowSubq){
+  Walker w;
+  w.eCode = 3;
+  w.pParse = 0;
+  w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstant;
+  if( bAllowSubq ){
+    w.xSelectCallback = exprSelectWalkTableConstant;
+  }else{
+    w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2;
+#endif
+  }
+  w.u.iCur = iCur;
+  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
+  return w.eCode;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -109782,7 +111625,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur){
 **
 **   (1)  pExpr cannot refer to any table other than pSrc->iCursor.
 **
-**   (2)  pExpr cannot use subqueries or non-deterministic functions.
+**   (2a) pExpr cannot use subqueries unless the bAllowSubq parameter is
+**        true and the subquery is non-correlated
+**
+**   (2b) pExpr cannot use non-deterministic functions.
 **
 **   (3)  pSrc cannot be part of the left operand for a RIGHT JOIN.
 **        (Is there some way to relax this constraint?)
@@ -109811,7 +111657,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(
   Expr *pExpr,                 /* The constraint */
   const SrcList *pSrcList,     /* Complete FROM clause */
-  int iSrc                     /* Which element of pSrcList to use */
+  int iSrc,                    /* Which element of pSrcList to use */
+  int bAllowSubq               /* Allow non-correlated subqueries */
 ){
   const SrcItem *pSrc = &pSrcList->a[iSrc];
   if( pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ ){
@@ -109836,7 +111683,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(
       }
     }
   }
-  return sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pExpr, pSrc->iCursor); /* rules (1), (2) */
+  /* Rules (1), (2a), and (2b) handled by the following: */
+  return sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pExpr, pSrc->iCursor, bAllowSubq);
 }
 
 
@@ -109921,7 +111769,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, ExprLi
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr *p, u8 isInit){
   assert( isInit==0 || isInit==1 );
-  return exprIsConst(p, 4+isInit, 0);
+  return exprIsConst(0, p, 4+isInit);
 }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
@@ -110011,10 +111859,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr *p){
       return 0;
     case TK_COLUMN:
       assert( ExprUseYTab(p) );
-      return ExprHasProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull) ||
-             p->y.pTab==0 ||  /* Reference to column of index on expression */
-             (p->iColumn>=0
+      return ExprHasProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull)
+          || NEVER(p->y.pTab==0) /* Reference to column of index on expr */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+          || (p->iColumn==XN_ROWID && IsView(p->y.pTab))
+#endif
+          || (p->iColumn>=0
               && p->y.pTab->aCol!=0 /* Possible due to prior error */
+              && ALWAYS(p->iColumn<p->y.pTab->nCol)
               && p->y.pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].notNull==0);
     default:
       return 1;
@@ -110075,6 +111927,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsRowid(const char *z){
 }
 
 /*
+** Return a pointer to a buffer containing a usable rowid alias for table
+** pTab. An alias is usable if there is not an explicit user-defined column
+** of the same name.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3RowidAlias(Table *pTab){
+  const char *azOpt[] = {"_ROWID_", "ROWID", "OID"};
+  int ii;
+  assert( VisibleRowid(pTab) );
+  for(ii=0; ii<ArraySize(azOpt); ii++){
+    int iCol;
+    for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(azOpt[ii], pTab->aCol[iCol].zCnName)==0 ) break;
+    }
+    if( iCol==pTab->nCol ){
+      return azOpt[ii];
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
 ** pX is the RHS of an IN operator.  If pX is a SELECT statement
 ** that can be simplified to a direct table access, then return
 ** a pointer to the SELECT statement.  If pX is not a SELECT statement,
@@ -110144,13 +112017,13 @@ static void sqlite3SetHasNullFlag(Vdbe *v, int iCur, int regHasNull){
 ** The argument is an IN operator with a list (not a subquery) on the
 ** right-hand side.  Return TRUE if that list is constant.
 */
-static int sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(Expr *pIn){
+static int sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(Parse *pParse, Expr *pIn){
   Expr *pLHS;
   int res;
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(pIn, EP_xIsSelect) );
   pLHS = pIn->pLeft;
   pIn->pLeft = 0;
-  res = sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pIn);
+  res = sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse, pIn);
   pIn->pLeft = pLHS;
   return res;
 }
@@ -110419,7 +112292,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindInIndex(
   if( eType==0
    && (inFlags & IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK)
    && ExprUseXList(pX)
-   && (!sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(pX) || pX->x.pList->nExpr<=2)
+   && (!sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(pParse,pX) || pX->x.pList->nExpr<=2)
   ){
     pParse->nTab--;  /* Back out the allocation of the unused cursor */
     iTab = -1;       /* Cursor is not allocated */
@@ -110702,7 +112575,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(
       ** this code only executes once.  Because for a non-constant
       ** expression we need to rerun this code each time.
       */
-      if( addrOnce && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pE2) ){
+      if( addrOnce && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse, pE2) ){
         sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOnce-1);
         sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOnce);
         ExprClearProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn);
@@ -111612,6 +113485,41 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3IndexedExprLookup(
 
 
 /*
+** Expresion pExpr is guaranteed to be a TK_COLUMN or equivalent. This
+** function checks the Parse.pIdxPartExpr list to see if this column
+** can be replaced with a constant value. If so, it generates code to
+** put the constant value in a register (ideally, but not necessarily,
+** register iTarget) and returns the register number.
+**
+** Or, if the TK_COLUMN cannot be replaced by a constant, zero is
+** returned.
+*/
+static int exprPartidxExprLookup(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int iTarget){
+  IndexedExpr *p;
+  for(p=pParse->pIdxPartExpr; p; p=p->pIENext){
+    if( pExpr->iColumn==p->iIdxCol && pExpr->iTable==p->iDataCur ){
+      Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
+      int addr = 0;
+      int ret;
+
+      if( p->bMaybeNullRow ){
+        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNullRow, p->iIdxCur);
+      }
+      ret = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, p->pExpr, iTarget);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Affinity, ret, 1, 0,
+                        (const char*)&p->aff, 1);
+      if( addr ){
+        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
+        sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, addr, ret);
+      }
+      return ret;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Generate code into the current Vdbe to evaluate the given
 ** expression.  Attempt to store the results in register "target".
 ** Return the register where results are stored.
@@ -111647,6 +113555,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
     assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
     op = pExpr->op;
   }
+  assert( op!=TK_ORDER );
   switch( op ){
     case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
       AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
@@ -111660,7 +113569,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
         /* Verify that the OP_Null above is exercised by tests
         ** tag-20230325-2 */
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotNull, target, 1);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotNull, target, 1, 20230325);
         VdbeCoverageNeverTaken(v);
 #endif
         break;
@@ -111768,6 +113677,11 @@ expr_code_doover:
           iTab = pParse->iSelfTab - 1;
         }
       }
+      else if( pParse->pIdxPartExpr
+       && 0!=(r1 = exprPartidxExprLookup(pParse, pExpr, target))
+      ){
+        return r1;
+      }
       assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
       assert( pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
       iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pExpr->y.pTab,
@@ -111825,12 +113739,6 @@ expr_code_doover:
       assert( pExpr->u.zToken!=0 );
       assert( pExpr->u.zToken[0]!=0 );
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Variable, pExpr->iColumn, target);
-      if( pExpr->u.zToken[1]!=0 ){
-        const char *z = sqlite3VListNumToName(pParse->pVList, pExpr->iColumn);
-        assert( pExpr->u.zToken[0]=='?' || (z && !strcmp(pExpr->u.zToken, z)) );
-        pParse->pVList[0] = 0; /* Indicate VList may no longer be enlarged */
-        sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (char*)z, P4_STATIC);
-      }
       return target;
     }
     case TK_REGISTER: {
@@ -112004,7 +113912,9 @@ expr_code_doover:
       }
 #endif
 
-      if( ConstFactorOk(pParse) && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr) ){
+      if( ConstFactorOk(pParse)
+       && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pParse,pExpr)
+      ){
         /* SQL functions can be expensive. So try to avoid running them
         ** multiple times if we know they always give the same result */
         return sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, -1);
@@ -112035,7 +113945,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
       }
 
       for(i=0; i<nFarg; i++){
-        if( i<32 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pFarg->a[i].pExpr) ){
+        if( i<32 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr) ){
           testcase( i==31 );
           constMask |= MASKBIT32(i);
         }
@@ -112177,8 +114087,9 @@ expr_code_doover:
       if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Collate) ){
         /* A TK_COLLATE Expr node without the EP_Collate tag is a so-called
         ** "SOFT-COLLATE" that is added to constraints that are pushed down
-        ** from outer queries into sub-queries by the push-down optimization.
-        ** Clear subtypes as subtypes may not cross a subquery boundary.
+        ** from outer queries into sub-queries by the WHERE-clause push-down
+        ** optimization. Clear subtypes as subtypes may not cross a subquery
+        ** boundary.
         */
         assert( pExpr->pLeft );
         sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
@@ -112428,7 +114339,7 @@ expr_code_doover:
 ** once. If no functions are involved, then factor the code out and put it at
 ** the end of the prepared statement in the initialization section.
 **
-** If regDest>=0 then the result is always stored in that register and the
+** If regDest>0 then the result is always stored in that register and the
 ** result is not reusable.  If regDest<0 then this routine is free to
 ** store the value wherever it wants.  The register where the expression
 ** is stored is returned.  When regDest<0, two identical expressions might
@@ -112443,6 +114354,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(
 ){
   ExprList *p;
   assert( ConstFactorOk(pParse) );
+  assert( regDest!=0 );
   p = pParse->pConstExpr;
   if( regDest<0 && p ){
     struct ExprList_item *pItem;
@@ -112501,7 +114413,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int *pReg){
   if( ConstFactorOk(pParse)
    && ALWAYS(pExpr!=0)
    && pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER
-   && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr)
+   && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pParse, pExpr)
   ){
     *pReg  = 0;
     r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, -1);
@@ -112533,8 +114445,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
   inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target);
   if( inReg!=target ){
     u8 op;
-    if( ALWAYS(pExpr)
-     && (ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Subquery) || pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER)
+    Expr *pX = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pExpr);
+    testcase( pX!=pExpr );
+    if( ALWAYS(pX)
+     && (ExprHasProperty(pX,EP_Subquery) || pX->op==TK_REGISTER)
     ){
       op = OP_Copy;
     }else{
@@ -112563,7 +114477,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
 ** might choose to code the expression at initialization time.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
-  if( pParse->okConstFactor && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr) ){
+  if( pParse->okConstFactor && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pParse,pExpr) ){
     sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, target);
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pExpr, target);
@@ -112622,7 +114536,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, copyOp, j+srcReg-1, target+i);
       }
     }else if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR)!=0
-           && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pExpr)
+           && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pParse,pExpr)
     ){
       sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
     }else{
@@ -113254,8 +115168,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprListCompare(const ExprList *pA, const ExprList *pB
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr *pA,Expr *pB, int iTab){
   return sqlite3ExprCompare(0,
-             sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pA),
-             sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pB),
+             sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pA),
+             sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pB),
              iTab);
 }
 
@@ -113727,6 +115641,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReferencesSrcList(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, SrcList
   assert( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
   assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
   sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pExpr->x.pList);
+  if( pExpr->pLeft ){
+    assert( pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_ORDER );
+    assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr->pLeft) );
+    assert( pExpr->pLeft->x.pList!=0 );
+    sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pExpr->pLeft->x.pList);
+  }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
   if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
     sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr->y.pWin->pFilter);
@@ -113767,9 +115687,8 @@ static int agginfoPersistExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
        && pAggInfo->aCol[iAgg].pCExpr==pExpr
       ){
         pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
-        if( pExpr ){
+        if( pExpr && !sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(pParse, pExpr) ){
           pAggInfo->aCol[iAgg].pCExpr = pExpr;
-          sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(pParse, pExpr);
         }
       }
     }else{
@@ -113778,9 +115697,8 @@ static int agginfoPersistExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
        && pAggInfo->aFunc[iAgg].pFExpr==pExpr
       ){
         pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
-        if( pExpr ){
+        if( pExpr && !sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(pParse, pExpr) ){
           pAggInfo->aFunc[iAgg].pFExpr = pExpr;
-          sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(pParse, pExpr);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -113974,13 +115892,14 @@ static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     case TK_AGG_FUNCTION: {
       if( (pNC->ncFlags & NC_InAggFunc)==0
        && pWalker->walkerDepth==pExpr->op2
+       && pExpr->pAggInfo==0
       ){
         /* Check to see if pExpr is a duplicate of another aggregate
         ** function that is already in the pAggInfo structure
         */
         struct AggInfo_func *pItem = pAggInfo->aFunc;
         for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pItem++){
-          if( pItem->pFExpr==pExpr ) break;
+          if( NEVER(pItem->pFExpr==pExpr) ) break;
           if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pItem->pFExpr, pExpr, -1)==0 ){
             break;
           }
@@ -113991,14 +115910,44 @@ static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
           u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);
           i = addAggInfoFunc(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
           if( i>=0 ){
+            int nArg;
             assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
             pItem = &pAggInfo->aFunc[i];
             pItem->pFExpr = pExpr;
             assert( ExprUseUToken(pExpr) );
+            nArg = pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0;
             pItem->pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db,
-                   pExpr->u.zToken,
-                   pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0, enc, 0);
-            if( pExpr->flags & EP_Distinct ){
+                                         pExpr->u.zToken, nArg, enc, 0);
+            assert( pItem->bOBUnique==0 );
+            if( pExpr->pLeft
+             && (pItem->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)==0
+            ){
+              /* The NEEDCOLL test above causes any ORDER BY clause on
+              ** aggregate min() or max() to be ignored. */
+              ExprList *pOBList;
+              assert( nArg>0 );
+              assert( pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_ORDER );
+              assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr->pLeft) );
+              pItem->iOBTab = pParse->nTab++;
+              pOBList = pExpr->pLeft->x.pList;
+              assert( pOBList->nExpr>0 );
+              assert( pItem->bOBUnique==0 );
+              if( pOBList->nExpr==1
+               && nArg==1
+               && sqlite3ExprCompare(0,pOBList->a[0].pExpr,
+                               pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr,0)==0
+              ){
+                pItem->bOBPayload = 0;
+                pItem->bOBUnique = ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Distinct);
+              }else{
+                pItem->bOBPayload = 1;
+              }
+              pItem->bUseSubtype =
+                    (pItem->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_SUBTYPE)!=0;
+            }else{
+              pItem->iOBTab = -1;
+            }
+            if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Distinct) && !pItem->bOBUnique ){
               pItem->iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
             }else{
               pItem->iDistinct = -1;
@@ -114634,14 +116583,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *pParse, Token *pColDef){
     /* Verify that constraints are still satisfied */
     if( pNew->pCheck!=0
      || (pCol->notNull && (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0)
+     || (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Strict)!=0
     ){
       sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
         "SELECT CASE WHEN quick_check GLOB 'CHECK*'"
         " THEN raise(ABORT,'CHECK constraint failed')"
+        " WHEN quick_check GLOB 'non-* value in*'"
+        " THEN raise(ABORT,'type mismatch on DEFAULT')"
         " ELSE raise(ABORT,'NOT NULL constraint failed')"
         " END"
         "  FROM pragma_quick_check(%Q,%Q)"
-        " WHERE quick_check GLOB 'CHECK*' OR quick_check GLOB 'NULL*'",
+        " WHERE quick_check GLOB 'CHECK*'"
+        " OR quick_check GLOB 'NULL*'"
+        " OR quick_check GLOB 'non-* value in*'",
         zTab, zDb
       );
     }
@@ -116445,7 +118399,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc, const T
         if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOut);
         }else{
+          char aff = pTab->aCol[i].affinity;
+          if( aff==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
+            pTab->aCol[i].affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
+          }
           sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, i, regOut);
+          pTab->aCol[i].affinity = aff;
         }
         nField++;
       }
@@ -116756,9 +118715,9 @@ static void openStatTable(
 typedef struct StatAccum StatAccum;
 typedef struct StatSample StatSample;
 struct StatSample {
-  tRowcnt *anEq;                  /* sqlite_stat4.nEq */
   tRowcnt *anDLt;                 /* sqlite_stat4.nDLt */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  tRowcnt *anEq;                  /* sqlite_stat4.nEq */
   tRowcnt *anLt;                  /* sqlite_stat4.nLt */
   union {
     i64 iRowid;                     /* Rowid in main table of the key */
@@ -116916,9 +118875,9 @@ static void statInit(
 
   /* Allocate the space required for the StatAccum object */
   n = sizeof(*p)
-    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp                  /* StatAccum.anEq */
-    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp;                 /* StatAccum.anDLt */
+    + sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp;                    /* StatAccum.anDLt */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  n += sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp;                   /* StatAccum.anEq */
   if( mxSample ){
     n += sizeof(tRowcnt)*nColUp                  /* StatAccum.anLt */
       + sizeof(StatSample)*(nCol+mxSample)       /* StatAccum.aBest[], a[] */
@@ -116939,9 +118898,9 @@ static void statInit(
   p->nKeyCol = nKeyCol;
   p->nSkipAhead = 0;
   p->current.anDLt = (tRowcnt*)&p[1];
-  p->current.anEq = &p->current.anDLt[nColUp];
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+  p->current.anEq = &p->current.anDLt[nColUp];
   p->mxSample = p->nLimit==0 ? mxSample : 0;
   if( mxSample ){
     u8 *pSpace;                     /* Allocated space not yet assigned */
@@ -117208,7 +119167,9 @@ static void statPush(
 
   if( p->nRow==0 ){
     /* This is the first call to this function. Do initialization. */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
     for(i=0; i<p->nCol; i++) p->current.anEq[i] = 1;
+#endif
   }else{
     /* Second and subsequent calls get processed here */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
@@ -117217,15 +119178,17 @@ static void statPush(
 
     /* Update anDLt[], anLt[] and anEq[] to reflect the values that apply
     ** to the current row of the index. */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
     for(i=0; i<iChng; i++){
       p->current.anEq[i]++;
     }
+#endif
     for(i=iChng; i<p->nCol; i++){
       p->current.anDLt[i]++;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
       if( p->mxSample ) p->current.anLt[i] += p->current.anEq[i];
-#endif
       p->current.anEq[i] = 1;
+#endif
     }
   }
 
@@ -117359,7 +119322,9 @@ static void statGet(
       u64 iVal = (p->nRow + nDistinct - 1) / nDistinct;
       if( iVal==2 && p->nRow*10 <= nDistinct*11 ) iVal = 1;
       sqlite3_str_appendf(&sStat, " %llu", iVal);
-      assert( p->current.anEq[i] );
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
+      assert( p->current.anEq[i] || p->nRow==0 );
+#endif
     }
     sqlite3ResultStrAccum(context, &sStat);
   }
@@ -117543,7 +119508,7 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
 
   for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
     int nCol;                     /* Number of columns in pIdx. "N" */
-    int addrRewind;               /* Address of "OP_Rewind iIdxCur" */
+    int addrGotoEnd;               /* Address of "OP_Rewind iIdxCur" */
     int addrNextRow;              /* Address of "next_row:" */
     const char *zIdxName;         /* Name of the index */
     int nColTest;                 /* Number of columns to test for changes */
@@ -117567,9 +119532,14 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
     /*
     ** Pseudo-code for loop that calls stat_push():
     **
-    **   Rewind csr
-    **   if eof(csr) goto end_of_scan;
     **   regChng = 0
+    **   Rewind csr
+    **   if eof(csr){
+    **      stat_init() with count = 0;
+    **      goto end_of_scan;
+    **   }
+    **   count()
+    **   stat_init()
     **   goto chng_addr_0;
     **
     **  next_row:
@@ -117608,41 +119578,36 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
     sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pIdx);
     VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
 
-    /* Invoke the stat_init() function. The arguments are:
+    /* Implementation of the following:
     **
+    **   regChng = 0
+    **   Rewind csr
+    **   if eof(csr){
+    **      stat_init() with count = 0;
+    **      goto end_of_scan;
+    **   }
+    **   count()
+    **   stat_init()
+    **   goto chng_addr_0;
+    */
+    assert( regTemp2==regStat+4 );
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, db->nAnalysisLimit, regTemp2);
+
+    /* Arguments to stat_init():
     **    (1) the number of columns in the index including the rowid
     **        (or for a WITHOUT ROWID table, the number of PK columns),
     **    (2) the number of columns in the key without the rowid/pk
-    **    (3) estimated number of rows in the index,
-    */
+    **    (3) estimated number of rows in the index. */
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, nCol, regStat+1);
     assert( regRowid==regStat+2 );
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pIdx->nKeyCol, regRowid);
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
-    if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat4) ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur, regTemp);
-      addrRewind = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iIdxCur);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
-    }else
-#endif
-    {
-      addrRewind = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iIdxCur);
-      VdbeCoverage(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur, regTemp, 1);
-    }
-    assert( regTemp2==regStat+4 );
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, db->nAnalysisLimit, regTemp2);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur, regTemp,
+                      OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_Stat4));
     sqlite3VdbeAddFunctionCall(pParse, 0, regStat+1, regStat, 4,
                                &statInitFuncdef, 0);
+    addrGotoEnd = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iIdxCur);
+    VdbeCoverage(v);
 
-    /* Implementation of the following:
-    **
-    **   Rewind csr
-    **   if eof(csr) goto end_of_scan;
-    **   regChng = 0
-    **   goto next_push_0;
-    **
-    */
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regChng);
     addrNextRow = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
 
@@ -117749,6 +119714,12 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
     }
 
     /* Add the entry to the stat1 table. */
+    if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
+      /* Partial indexes might get a zero-entry in sqlite_stat1.  But
+      ** an empty table is omitted from sqlite_stat1. */
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrGotoEnd);
+      addrGotoEnd = 0;
+    }
     callStatGet(pParse, regStat, STAT_GET_STAT1, regStat1);
     assert( "BBB"[0]==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 3, regTemp, "BBB", 0);
@@ -117772,6 +119743,13 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
       int addrIsNull;
       u8 seekOp = HasRowid(pTab) ? OP_NotExists : OP_NotFound;
 
+      /* No STAT4 data is generated if the number of rows is zero */
+      if( addrGotoEnd==0 ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Cast, regStat1, SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER);
+        addrGotoEnd = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regStat1);
+        VdbeCoverage(v);
+      }
+
       if( doOnce ){
         int mxCol = nCol;
         Index *pX;
@@ -117824,7 +119802,7 @@ static void analyzeOneTable(
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */
 
     /* End of analysis */
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrRewind);
+    if( addrGotoEnd ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrGotoEnd);
   }
 
 
@@ -118048,6 +120026,16 @@ static void decodeIntArray(
       while( z[0]!=0 && z[0]!=' ' ) z++;
       while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
     }
+
+    /* Set the bLowQual flag if the peak number of rows obtained
+    ** from a full equality match is so large that a full table scan
+    ** seems likely to be faster than using the index.
+    */
+    if( aLog[0] > 66              /* Index has more than 100 rows */
+     && aLog[0] <= aLog[nOut-1]   /* And only a single value seen */
+    ){
+      pIndex->bLowQual = 1;
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -119563,7 +121551,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
     }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);
 
-#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
+#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE)
     if( pParse->nTableLock>0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
       sqlite3UserAuthInit(db);
       if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_User ){
@@ -119620,19 +121608,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
     */
     if( pParse->pAinc ) sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(pParse);
 
-    /* Code constant expressions that where factored out of inner loops.
-    **
-    ** The pConstExpr list might also contain expressions that we simply
-    ** want to keep around until the Parse object is deleted.  Such
-    ** expressions have iConstExprReg==0.  Do not generate code for
-    ** those expressions, of course.
+    /* Code constant expressions that were factored out of inner loops.
     */
     if( pParse->pConstExpr ){
       ExprList *pEL = pParse->pConstExpr;
       pParse->okConstFactor = 0;
       for(i=0; i<pEL->nExpr; i++){
-        int iReg = pEL->a[i].u.iConstExprReg;
-        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEL->a[i].pExpr, iReg);
+        assert( pEL->a[i].u.iConstExprReg>0 );
+        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEL->a[i].pExpr, pEL->a[i].u.iConstExprReg);
       }
     }
 
@@ -120099,7 +122082,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnSetExpr(
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ColumnExpr(Table *pTab, Column *pCol){
   if( pCol->iDflt==0 ) return 0;
-  if( NEVER(!IsOrdinaryTable(pTab)) ) return 0;
+  if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) return 0;
   if( NEVER(pTab->u.tab.pDfltList==0) ) return 0;
   if( NEVER(pTab->u.tab.pDfltList->nExpr<pCol->iDflt) ) return 0;
   return pTab->u.tab.pDfltList->a[pCol->iDflt-1].pExpr;
@@ -120252,6 +122235,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
   if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 && (--pTable->nTabRef)>0 ) return;
   deleteTable(db, pTable);
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTableGeneric(sqlite3 *db, void *pTable){
+  sqlite3DeleteTable(db, (Table*)pTable);
+}
 
 
 /*
@@ -120787,19 +122773,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table *pTab, Column *pCol){
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Name of the special TEMP trigger used to implement RETURNING.  The
-** name begins with "sqlite_" so that it is guaranteed not to collide
-** with any application-generated triggers.
-*/
-#define RETURNING_TRIGGER_NAME  "sqlite_returning"
-
-/*
 ** Clean up the data structures associated with the RETURNING clause.
 */
-static void sqlite3DeleteReturning(sqlite3 *db, Returning *pRet){
+static void sqlite3DeleteReturning(sqlite3 *db, void *pArg){
+  Returning *pRet = (Returning*)pArg;
   Hash *pHash;
   pHash = &(db->aDb[1].pSchema->trigHash);
-  sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, RETURNING_TRIGGER_NAME, 0);
+  sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, pRet->zName, 0);
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pRet->pReturnEL);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pRet);
 }
@@ -120838,11 +122818,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddReturning(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pList){
   pParse->u1.pReturning = pRet;
   pRet->pParse = pParse;
   pRet->pReturnEL = pList;
-  sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
-     (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3DeleteReturning, pRet);
+  sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3DeleteReturning, pRet);
   testcase( pParse->earlyCleanup );
   if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
-  pRet->retTrig.zName = RETURNING_TRIGGER_NAME;
+  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(pRet->zName), pRet->zName,
+                   "sqlite_returning_%p", pParse);
+  pRet->retTrig.zName = pRet->zName;
   pRet->retTrig.op = TK_RETURNING;
   pRet->retTrig.tr_tm = TRIGGER_AFTER;
   pRet->retTrig.bReturning = 1;
@@ -120853,9 +122834,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddReturning(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pList){
   pRet->retTStep.pTrig = &pRet->retTrig;
   pRet->retTStep.pExprList = pList;
   pHash = &(db->aDb[1].pSchema->trigHash);
-  assert( sqlite3HashFind(pHash, RETURNING_TRIGGER_NAME)==0
+  assert( sqlite3HashFind(pHash, pRet->zName)==0
           || pParse->nErr  || pParse->ifNotExists );
-  if( sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, RETURNING_TRIGGER_NAME, &pRet->retTrig)
+  if( sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, pRet->zName, &pRet->retTrig)
           ==&pRet->retTrig ){
     sqlite3OomFault(db);
   }
@@ -121036,7 +123017,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3AffinityType(const char *zIn, Column *pCol){
 
   assert( zIn!=0 );
   while( zIn[0] ){
-    h = (h<<8) + sqlite3UpperToLower[(*zIn)&0xff];
+    u8 x = *(u8*)zIn;
+    h = (h<<8) + sqlite3UpperToLower[x];
     zIn++;
     if( h==(('c'<<24)+('h'<<16)+('a'<<8)+'r') ){             /* CHAR */
       aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
@@ -122208,20 +124190,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
       int regRowid;       /* Rowid of the next row to insert */
       int addrInsLoop;    /* Top of the loop for inserting rows */
       Table *pSelTab;     /* A table that describes the SELECT results */
+      int iCsr;           /* Write cursor on the new table */
 
       if( IN_SPECIAL_PARSE ){
         pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
         pParse->nErr++;
         return;
       }
+      iCsr = pParse->nTab++;
       regYield = ++pParse->nMem;
       regRec = ++pParse->nMem;
       regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
-      assert(pParse->nTab==1);
       sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, 1, pParse->regRoot, iDb);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, iCsr, pParse->regRoot, iDb);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_P2ISREG);
-      pParse->nTab = 2;
       addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, addrTop);
       if( pParse->nErr ) return;
@@ -122242,11 +124224,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
       VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, dest.iSdst, dest.nSdst, regRec);
       sqlite3TableAffinity(v, p, 0);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, 1, regRowid);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, 1, regRec, regRowid);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iCsr, regRowid);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iCsr, regRec, regRowid);
       sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrInsLoop);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrInsLoop);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, 1);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCsr);
     }
 
     /* Compute the complete text of the CREATE statement */
@@ -122299,6 +124281,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
     /* Reparse everything to update our internal data structures */
     sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(v, iDb,
            sqlite3MPrintf(db, "tbl_name='%q' AND type!='trigger'", p->zName),0);
+
+    /* Test for cycles in generated columns and illegal expressions
+    ** in CHECK constraints and in DEFAULT clauses. */
+    if( p->tabFlags & TF_HasGenerated ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SqlExec, 0x0001, 0, 0,
+             sqlite3MPrintf(db, "SELECT*FROM\"%w\".\"%w\"",
+                   db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, p->zName), P4_DYNAMIC);
+    }
   }
 
   /* Add the table to the in-memory representation of the database.
@@ -122375,9 +124365,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CreateView(
   ** on a view, even though views do not have rowids.  The following flag
   ** setting fixes this problem.  But the fix can be disabled by compiling
   ** with -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW in case there are legacy apps that
-  ** depend upon the old buggy behavior. */
-#ifndef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
-  p->tabFlags |= TF_NoVisibleRowid;
+  ** depend upon the old buggy behavior.  The ability can also be toggled
+  ** using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW,...) */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+  p->tabFlags |= sqlite3Config.mNoVisibleRowid; /* Optional. Allow by default */
+#else
+  p->tabFlags |= TF_NoVisibleRowid;             /* Never allow rowid in view */
 #endif
 
   sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
@@ -124890,7 +126883,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Reindex(Parse *pParse, Token *pName1, Token *pName2){
   if( iDb<0 ) return;
   z = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pObjName);
   if( z==0 ) return;
-  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
+  zDb = pName2->n ? db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName : 0;
   pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, z, zDb);
   if( pTab ){
     reindexTable(pParse, pTab, 0);
@@ -124900,6 +126893,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Reindex(Parse *pParse, Token *pName1, Token *pName2){
   pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, z, zDb);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
   if( pIndex ){
+    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIndex->pTable->pSchema);
     sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
     sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, -1);
     return;
@@ -125065,6 +127059,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3 *db, With *pWith){
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pWith);
   }
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WithDeleteGeneric(sqlite3 *db, void *pWith){
+  sqlite3WithDelete(db, (With*)pWith);
+}
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CTE) */
 
 /************** End of build.c ***********************************************/
@@ -127746,13 +129743,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3QuoteValue(StrAccum *pStr, sqlite3_value *pValue){
       double r1, r2;
       const char *zVal;
       r1 = sqlite3_value_double(pValue);
-      sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%!.15g", r1);
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%!0.15g", r1);
       zVal = sqlite3_str_value(pStr);
       if( zVal ){
         sqlite3AtoF(zVal, &r2, pStr->nChar, SQLITE_UTF8);
         if( r1!=r2 ){
           sqlite3_str_reset(pStr);
-          sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%!.20e", r1);
+          sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, "%!0.20e", r1);
         }
       }
       break;
@@ -127901,7 +129898,8 @@ static void hexFunc(
       *(z++) = hexdigits[c&0xf];
     }
     *z = 0;
-    sqlite3_result_text(context, zHex, n*2, sqlite3_free);
+    sqlite3_result_text64(context, zHex, (u64)(z-zHex),
+                          sqlite3_free, SQLITE_UTF8);
   }
 }
 
@@ -128053,7 +130051,7 @@ static void replaceFunc(
   }
   if( zPattern[0]==0 ){
     assert( sqlite3_value_type(argv[1])!=SQLITE_NULL );
-    sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
+    sqlite3_result_text(context, (const char*)zStr, nStr, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     return;
   }
   nPattern = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
@@ -128195,6 +130193,81 @@ static void trimFunc(
   sqlite3_result_text(context, (char*)zIn, nIn, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
 
+/* The core implementation of the CONCAT(...) and CONCAT_WS(SEP,...)
+** functions.
+**
+** Return a string value that is the concatenation of all non-null
+** entries in argv[].  Use zSep as the separator.
+*/
+static void concatFuncCore(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv,
+  int nSep,
+  const char *zSep
+){
+  i64 j, k, n = 0;
+  int i;
+  char *z;
+  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
+    n += sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
+  }
+  n += (argc-1)*nSep;
+  z = sqlite3_malloc64(n+1);
+  if( z==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+    return;
+  }
+  j = 0;
+  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
+    k = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
+    if( k>0 ){
+      const char *v = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
+      if( v!=0 ){
+        if( j>0 && nSep>0 ){
+          memcpy(&z[j], zSep, nSep);
+          j += nSep;
+        }
+        memcpy(&z[j], v, k);
+        j += k;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  z[j] = 0;
+  assert( j<=n );
+  sqlite3_result_text64(context, z, j, sqlite3_free, SQLITE_UTF8);
+}
+
+/*
+** The CONCAT(...) function.  Generate a string result that is the
+** concatentation of all non-null arguments.
+*/
+static void concatFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  concatFuncCore(context, argc, argv, 0, "");
+}
+
+/*
+** The CONCAT_WS(separator, ...) function.
+**
+** Generate a string that is the concatenation of 2nd through the Nth
+** argument.  Use the first argument (which must be non-NULL) as the
+** separator.
+*/
+static void concatwsFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  int nSep = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+  const char *zSep = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  if( zSep==0 ) return;
+  concatFuncCore(context, argc-1, argv+1, nSep, zSep);
+}
+
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
 /*
@@ -128461,7 +130534,7 @@ static void sumFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
     if( p->approx ){
       if( p->ovrfl ){
         sqlite3_result_error(context,"integer overflow",-1);
-      }else if( !sqlite3IsNaN(p->rErr) ){
+      }else if( !sqlite3IsOverflow(p->rErr) ){
         sqlite3_result_double(context, p->rSum+p->rErr);
       }else{
         sqlite3_result_double(context, p->rSum);
@@ -128478,7 +130551,7 @@ static void avgFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
     double r;
     if( p->approx ){
       r = p->rSum;
-      if( !sqlite3IsNaN(p->rErr) ) r += p->rErr;
+      if( !sqlite3IsOverflow(p->rErr) ) r += p->rErr;
     }else{
       r = (double)(p->iSum);
     }
@@ -128492,7 +130565,7 @@ static void totalFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
   if( p ){
     if( p->approx ){
       r = p->rSum;
-      if( !sqlite3IsNaN(p->rErr) ) r += p->rErr;
+      if( !sqlite3IsOverflow(p->rErr) ) r += p->rErr;
     }else{
       r = (double)(p->iSum);
     }
@@ -128616,6 +130689,7 @@ static void minMaxFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
 
 /*
 ** group_concat(EXPR, ?SEPARATOR?)
+** string_agg(EXPR, SEPARATOR)
 **
 ** The SEPARATOR goes before the EXPR string.  This is tragic.  The
 ** groupConcatInverse() implementation would have been easier if the
@@ -129206,6 +131280,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
     FUNCTION(hex,                1, 0, 0, hexFunc          ),
     FUNCTION(unhex,              1, 0, 0, unhexFunc        ),
     FUNCTION(unhex,              2, 0, 0, unhexFunc        ),
+    FUNCTION(concat,            -1, 0, 0, concatFunc       ),
+    FUNCTION(concat,             0, 0, 0, 0                ),
+    FUNCTION(concat_ws,         -1, 0, 0, concatwsFunc     ),
+    FUNCTION(concat_ws,          0, 0, 0, 0                ),
+    FUNCTION(concat_ws,          1, 0, 0, 0                ),
     INLINE_FUNC(ifnull,          2, INLINEFUNC_coalesce, 0 ),
     VFUNCTION(random,            0, 0, 0, randomFunc       ),
     VFUNCTION(randomblob,        1, 0, 0, randomBlob       ),
@@ -129235,6 +131314,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void){
         groupConcatFinalize, groupConcatValue, groupConcatInverse, 0),
     WAGGREGATE(group_concat, 2, 0, 0, groupConcatStep,
         groupConcatFinalize, groupConcatValue, groupConcatInverse, 0),
+    WAGGREGATE(string_agg,   2, 0, 0, groupConcatStep,
+        groupConcatFinalize, groupConcatValue, groupConcatInverse, 0),
 
     LIKEFUNC(glob, 2, &globInfo, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE|SQLITE_FUNC_CASE),
 #ifdef SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
@@ -130177,6 +132258,7 @@ static int isSetNullAction(Parse *pParse, FKey *pFKey){
     if( (p==pFKey->apTrigger[0] && pFKey->aAction[0]==OE_SetNull)
      || (p==pFKey->apTrigger[1] && pFKey->aAction[1]==OE_SetNull)
     ){
+      assert( (pTop->db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction)==0 );
       return 1;
     }
   }
@@ -130371,6 +132453,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkCheck(
       }
       if( regOld!=0 ){
         int eAction = pFKey->aAction[aChange!=0];
+        if( (db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction) ) eAction = OE_None;
+
         fkScanChildren(pParse, pSrc, pTab, pIdx, pFKey, aiCol, regOld, 1);
         /* If this is a deferred FK constraint, or a CASCADE or SET NULL
         ** action applies, then any foreign key violations caused by
@@ -130486,7 +132570,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FkRequired(
       /* Check if any parent key columns are being modified. */
       for(p=sqlite3FkReferences(pTab); p; p=p->pNextTo){
         if( fkParentIsModified(pTab, p, aChange, chngRowid) ){
-          if( p->aAction[1]!=OE_None ) return 2;
+          if( (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction)==0
+           && p->aAction[1]!=OE_None
+          ){
+            return 2;
+          }
           bHaveFK = 1;
         }
       }
@@ -130536,6 +132624,7 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
   int iAction = (pChanges!=0);    /* 1 for UPDATE, 0 for DELETE */
 
   action = pFKey->aAction[iAction];
+  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction) ) action = OE_None;
   if( action==OE_Restrict && (db->flags & SQLITE_DeferFKs) ){
     return 0;
   }
@@ -131373,6 +133462,195 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse){
 # define autoIncStep(A,B,C)
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */
 
+/*
+** If argument pVal is a Select object returned by an sqlite3MultiValues()
+** that was able to use the co-routine optimization, finish coding the
+** co-routine.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MultiValuesEnd(Parse *pParse, Select *pVal){
+  if( ALWAYS(pVal) && pVal->pSrc->nSrc>0 ){
+    SrcItem *pItem = &pVal->pSrc->a[0];
+    sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(pParse->pVdbe, pItem->regReturn);
+    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(pParse->pVdbe, pItem->addrFillSub - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if all expressions in the expression-list passed as the
+** only argument are constant.
+*/
+static int exprListIsConstant(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pRow){
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<pRow->nExpr; ii++){
+    if( 0==sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse, pRow->a[ii].pExpr) ) return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if all expressions in the expression-list passed as the
+** only argument are both constant and have no affinity.
+*/
+static int exprListIsNoAffinity(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pRow){
+  int ii;
+  if( exprListIsConstant(pParse,pRow)==0 ) return 0;
+  for(ii=0; ii<pRow->nExpr; ii++){
+    Expr *pExpr = pRow->a[ii].pExpr;
+    assert( pExpr->op!=TK_RAISE );
+    assert( pExpr->affExpr==0 );
+    if( 0!=sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr) ) return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is called by the parser for the second and subsequent
+** rows of a multi-row VALUES clause. Argument pLeft is the part of
+** the VALUES clause already parsed, argument pRow is the vector of values
+** for the new row. The Select object returned represents the complete
+** VALUES clause, including the new row.
+**
+** There are two ways in which this may be achieved - by incremental
+** coding of a co-routine (the "co-routine" method) or by returning a
+** Select object equivalent to the following (the "UNION ALL" method):
+**
+**        "pLeft UNION ALL SELECT pRow"
+**
+** If the VALUES clause contains a lot of rows, this compound Select
+** object may consume a lot of memory.
+**
+** When the co-routine method is used, each row that will be returned
+** by the VALUES clause is coded into part of a co-routine as it is
+** passed to this function. The returned Select object is equivalent to:
+**
+**     SELECT * FROM (
+**       Select object to read co-routine
+**     )
+**
+** The co-routine method is used in most cases. Exceptions are:
+**
+**    a) If the current statement has a WITH clause. This is to avoid
+**       statements like:
+**
+**            WITH cte AS ( VALUES('x'), ('y') ... )
+**            SELECT * FROM cte AS a, cte AS b;
+**
+**       This will not work, as the co-routine uses a hard-coded register
+**       for its OP_Yield instructions, and so it is not possible for two
+**       cursors to iterate through it concurrently.
+**
+**    b) The schema is currently being parsed (i.e. the VALUES clause is part
+**       of a schema item like a VIEW or TRIGGER). In this case there is no VM
+**       being generated when parsing is taking place, and so generating
+**       a co-routine is not possible.
+**
+**    c) There are non-constant expressions in the VALUES clause (e.g.
+**       the VALUES clause is part of a correlated sub-query).
+**
+**    d) One or more of the values in the first row of the VALUES clause
+**       has an affinity (i.e. is a CAST expression). This causes problems
+**       because the complex rules SQLite uses (see function
+**       sqlite3SubqueryColumnTypes() in select.c) to determine the effective
+**       affinity of such a column for all rows require access to all values in
+**       the column simultaneously.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3MultiValues(Parse *pParse, Select *pLeft, ExprList *pRow){
+
+  if( pParse->bHasWith                   /* condition (a) above */
+   || pParse->db->init.busy              /* condition (b) above */
+   || exprListIsConstant(pParse,pRow)==0 /* condition (c) above */
+   || (pLeft->pSrc->nSrc==0 &&
+       exprListIsNoAffinity(pParse,pLeft->pEList)==0) /* condition (d) above */
+   || IN_SPECIAL_PARSE
+  ){
+    /* The co-routine method cannot be used. Fall back to UNION ALL. */
+    Select *pSelect = 0;
+    int f = SF_Values | SF_MultiValue;
+    if( pLeft->pSrc->nSrc ){
+      sqlite3MultiValuesEnd(pParse, pLeft);
+      f = SF_Values;
+    }else if( pLeft->pPrior ){
+      /* In this case set the SF_MultiValue flag only if it was set on pLeft */
+      f = (f & pLeft->selFlags);
+    }
+    pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pRow, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, f, 0);
+    pLeft->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
+    if( pSelect ){
+      pSelect->op = TK_ALL;
+      pSelect->pPrior = pLeft;
+      pLeft = pSelect;
+    }
+  }else{
+    SrcItem *p = 0;               /* SrcItem that reads from co-routine */
+
+    if( pLeft->pSrc->nSrc==0 ){
+      /* Co-routine has not yet been started and the special Select object
+      ** that accesses the co-routine has not yet been created. This block
+      ** does both those things. */
+      Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
+      Select *pRet = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+      /* Ensure the database schema has been read. This is to ensure we have
+      ** the correct text encoding.  */
+      if( (pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk)==0 ){
+        sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse);
+      }
+
+      if( pRet ){
+        SelectDest dest;
+        pRet->pSrc->nSrc = 1;
+        pRet->pPrior = pLeft->pPrior;
+        pRet->op = pLeft->op;
+        pLeft->pPrior = 0;
+        pLeft->op = TK_SELECT;
+        assert( pLeft->pNext==0 );
+        assert( pRet->pNext==0 );
+        p = &pRet->pSrc->a[0];
+        p->pSelect = pLeft;
+        p->fg.viaCoroutine = 1;
+        p->addrFillSub = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
+        p->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
+        p->iCursor = -1;
+        p->u1.nRow = 2;
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v,OP_InitCoroutine,p->regReturn,0,p->addrFillSub);
+        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, p->regReturn);
+
+        /* Allocate registers for the output of the co-routine. Do so so
+        ** that there are two unused registers immediately before those
+        ** used by the co-routine. This allows the code in sqlite3Insert()
+        ** to use these registers directly, instead of copying the output
+        ** of the co-routine to a separate array for processing.  */
+        dest.iSdst = pParse->nMem + 3;
+        dest.nSdst = pLeft->pEList->nExpr;
+        pParse->nMem += 2 + dest.nSdst;
+
+        pLeft->selFlags |= SF_MultiValue;
+        sqlite3Select(pParse, pLeft, &dest);
+        p->regResult = dest.iSdst;
+        assert( pParse->nErr || dest.iSdst>0 );
+        pLeft = pRet;
+      }
+    }else{
+      p = &pLeft->pSrc->a[0];
+      assert( !p->fg.isTabFunc && !p->fg.isIndexedBy );
+      p->u1.nRow++;
+    }
+
+    if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
+      assert( p!=0 );
+      if( p->pSelect->pEList->nExpr!=pRow->nExpr ){
+        sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(pParse, p->pSelect);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pRow, p->regResult, 0, 0);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Yield, p->regReturn);
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pRow);
+  }
+
+  return pLeft;
+}
 
 /* Forward declaration */
 static int xferOptimization(
@@ -131709,25 +133987,40 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
   if( pSelect ){
     /* Data is coming from a SELECT or from a multi-row VALUES clause.
     ** Generate a co-routine to run the SELECT. */
-    int regYield;       /* Register holding co-routine entry-point */
-    int addrTop;        /* Top of the co-routine */
     int rc;             /* Result code */
 
-    regYield = ++pParse->nMem;
-    addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, addrTop);
-    sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, regYield);
-    dest.iSdst = bIdListInOrder ? regData : 0;
-    dest.nSdst = pTab->nCol;
-    rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
-    regFromSelect = dest.iSdst;
-    assert( db->pParse==pParse );
-    if( rc || pParse->nErr ) goto insert_cleanup;
-    assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
-    sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regYield);
-    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop - 1);                       /* label B: */
-    assert( pSelect->pEList );
-    nColumn = pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
+    if( pSelect->pSrc->nSrc==1
+     && pSelect->pSrc->a[0].fg.viaCoroutine
+     && pSelect->pPrior==0
+    ){
+      SrcItem *pItem = &pSelect->pSrc->a[0];
+      dest.iSDParm = pItem->regReturn;
+      regFromSelect = pItem->regResult;
+      nColumn = pItem->pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
+      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "SCAN %S", pItem));
+      if( bIdListInOrder && nColumn==pTab->nCol ){
+        regData = regFromSelect;
+        regRowid = regData - 1;
+        regIns = regRowid - (IsVirtual(pTab) ? 1 : 0);
+      }
+    }else{
+      int addrTop;        /* Top of the co-routine */
+      int regYield = ++pParse->nMem;
+      addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, addrTop);
+      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, regYield);
+      dest.iSdst = bIdListInOrder ? regData : 0;
+      dest.nSdst = pTab->nCol;
+      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
+      regFromSelect = dest.iSdst;
+      assert( db->pParse==pParse );
+      if( rc || pParse->nErr ) goto insert_cleanup;
+      assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
+      sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regYield);
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop - 1);                       /* label B: */
+      assert( pSelect->pEList );
+      nColumn = pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
+    }
 
     /* Set useTempTable to TRUE if the result of the SELECT statement
     ** should be written into a temporary table (template 4).  Set to
@@ -131882,7 +134175,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Insert(
       pNx->iDataCur = iDataCur;
       pNx->iIdxCur = iIdxCur;
       if( pNx->pUpsertTarget ){
-        if( sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(pParse, pTabList, pNx) ){
+        if( sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(pParse, pTabList, pNx, pUpsert) ){
           goto insert_cleanup;
         }
       }
@@ -133774,7 +136067,10 @@ static int xferOptimization(
     }
   }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  if( pDest->pCheck && sqlite3ExprListCompare(pSrc->pCheck,pDest->pCheck,-1) ){
+  if( pDest->pCheck
+   && (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0
+   && sqlite3ExprListCompare(pSrc->pCheck,pDest->pCheck,-1)
+  ){
     return 0;   /* Tables have different CHECK constraints.  Ticket #2252 */
   }
 #endif
@@ -134491,6 +136787,9 @@ struct sqlite3_api_routines {
   int (*is_interrupted)(sqlite3*);
   /* Version 3.43.0 and later */
   int (*stmt_explain)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  /* Version 3.44.0 and later */
+  void *(*get_clientdata)(sqlite3*,const char*);
+  int (*set_clientdata)(sqlite3*, const char*, void*, void(*)(void*));
 };
 
 /*
@@ -134821,6 +137120,9 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(
 #define sqlite3_is_interrupted         sqlite3_api->is_interrupted
 /* Version 3.43.0 and later */
 #define sqlite3_stmt_explain           sqlite3_api->stmt_explain
+/* Version 3.44.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_get_clientdata         sqlite3_api->get_clientdata
+#define sqlite3_set_clientdata         sqlite3_api->set_clientdata
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
@@ -135339,7 +137641,10 @@ static const sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3Apis = {
   /* Version 3.41.0 and later */
   sqlite3_is_interrupted,
   /* Version 3.43.0 and later */
-  sqlite3_stmt_explain
+  sqlite3_stmt_explain,
+  /* Version 3.44.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_get_clientdata,
+  sqlite3_set_clientdata
 };
 
 /* True if x is the directory separator character
@@ -135555,6 +137860,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3 *db){
 ** default so as not to open security holes in older applications.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+#endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   if( onoff ){
     db->flags |= SQLITE_LoadExtension|SQLITE_LoadExtFunc;
@@ -135604,6 +137912,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(
   void (*xInit)(void)
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( xInit==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
   rc = sqlite3_initialize();
   if( rc ){
@@ -135656,6 +137967,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(
   int i;
   int n = 0;
   wsdAutoextInit;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( xInit==0 ) return 0;
+#endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
   for(i=(int)wsdAutoext.nExt-1; i>=0; i--){
     if( wsdAutoext.aExt[i]==xInit ){
@@ -136432,6 +138746,34 @@ static const PragmaName aPragmaName[] = {
 /************** Continuing where we left off in pragma.c *********************/
 
 /*
+** When the 0x10 bit of PRAGMA optimize is set, any ANALYZE commands
+** will be run with an analysis_limit set to the lessor of the value of
+** the following macro or to the actual analysis_limit if it is non-zero,
+** in order to prevent PRAGMA optimize from running for too long.
+**
+** The value of 2000 is chosen emperically so that the worst-case run-time
+** for PRAGMA optimize does not exceed 100 milliseconds against a variety
+** of test databases on a RaspberryPI-4 compiled using -Os and without
+** -DSQLITE_DEBUG.  Of course, your mileage may vary.  For the purpose of
+** this paragraph, "worst-case" means that ANALYZE ends up being
+** run on every table in the database.  The worst case typically only
+** happens if PRAGMA optimize is run on a database file for which ANALYZE
+** has not been previously run and the 0x10000 flag is included so that
+** all tables are analyzed.  The usual case for PRAGMA optimize is that
+** no ANALYZE commands will be run at all, or if any ANALYZE happens it
+** will be against a single table, so that expected timing for PRAGMA
+** optimize on a PI-4 is more like 1 millisecond or less with the 0x10000
+** flag or less than 100 microseconds without the 0x10000 flag.
+**
+** An analysis limit of 2000 is almost always sufficient for the query
+** planner to fully characterize an index.  The additional accuracy from
+** a larger analysis is not usually helpful.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_OPTIMIZE_LIMIT
+# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_OPTIMIZE_LIMIT 2000
+#endif
+
+/*
 ** Interpret the given string as a safety level.  Return 0 for OFF,
 ** 1 for ON or NORMAL, 2 for FULL, and 3 for EXTRA.  Return 1 for an empty or
 ** unrecognized string argument.  The FULL and EXTRA option is disallowed
@@ -137525,7 +139867,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
 #endif
 
       if( sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0) ){
-        db->flags |= mask;
+        if( (mask & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0
+         || (db->flags & SQLITE_Defensive)==0
+        ){
+          db->flags |= mask;
+        }
       }else{
         db->flags &= ~mask;
         if( mask==SQLITE_DeferFKs ) db->nDeferredImmCons = 0;
@@ -138072,7 +140418,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     /* Set the maximum error count */
     mxErr = SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX;
     if( zRight ){
-      if( sqlite3GetInt32(zRight, &mxErr) ){
+      if( sqlite3GetInt32(pValue->z, &mxErr) ){
         if( mxErr<=0 ){
           mxErr = SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX;
         }
@@ -138089,7 +140435,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       Hash *pTbls;     /* Set of all tables in the schema */
       int *aRoot;      /* Array of root page numbers of all btrees */
       int cnt = 0;     /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
-      int mxIdx = 0;   /* Maximum number of indexes for any table */
 
       if( OMIT_TEMPDB && i==1 ) continue;
       if( iDb>=0 && i!=iDb ) continue;
@@ -138111,7 +140456,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
         if( HasRowid(pTab) ) cnt++;
         for(nIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nIdx++){ cnt++; }
-        if( nIdx>mxIdx ) mxIdx = nIdx;
       }
       if( cnt==0 ) continue;
       if( pObjTab ) cnt++;
@@ -138131,11 +140475,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       aRoot[0] = cnt;
 
       /* Make sure sufficient number of registers have been allocated */
-      sqlite3TouchRegister(pParse, 8+mxIdx);
+      sqlite3TouchRegister(pParse, 8+cnt);
       sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
 
       /* Do the b-tree integrity checks */
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 2, cnt, 1, (char*)aRoot,P4_INTARRAY);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 1, cnt, 8, (char*)aRoot,P4_INTARRAY);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)i);
       addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, 2); VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
@@ -138145,6 +140489,36 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       integrityCheckResultRow(v);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
 
+      /* Check that the indexes all have the right number of rows */
+      cnt = pObjTab ? 1 : 0;
+      sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 2, "wrong # of entries in index ");
+      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
+        int iTab = 0;
+        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
+        Index *pIdx;
+        if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
+        if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+          iTab = cnt++;
+        }else{
+          iTab = cnt;
+          for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; ALWAYS(pIdx); pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+            if( IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ) break;
+            iTab++;
+          }
+        }
+        for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+          if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere==0 ){
+            addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, 8+cnt, 0, 8+iTab);
+            VdbeCoverageNeverNull(v);
+            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, pIdx->zName);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 2, 3);
+            integrityCheckResultRow(v);
+            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
+          }
+          cnt++;
+        }
+      }
+
       /* Make sure all the indices are constructed correctly.
       */
       for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
@@ -138158,8 +140532,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         int r2;                 /* Previous key for WITHOUT ROWID tables */
         int mxCol;              /* Maximum non-virtual column number */
 
-        if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) continue;
         if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
+        if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) continue;
         if( isQuick || HasRowid(pTab) ){
           pPk = 0;
           r2 = 0;
@@ -138294,6 +140668,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
               ** is REAL, we have to load the actual data using OP_Column
               ** to reliably determine if the value is a NULL. */
               sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, p1, p3, 3);
+              sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, j, 3);
               jmp3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NotNull, 3, labelOk);
               VdbeCoverage(v);
             }
@@ -138467,23 +140842,43 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
         }
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iDataCur, loopTop); VdbeCoverage(v);
         sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, loopTop-1);
-        if( !isQuick ){
-          sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 2, "wrong # of entries in index ");
-          for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
-            if( pPk==pIdx ) continue;
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur+j, 3);
-            addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, 8+j, 0, 3); VdbeCoverage(v);
-            sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NOTNULL);
-            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, pIdx->zName);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 2, 3);
-            integrityCheckResultRow(v);
-            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
-          }
-          if( pPk ){
-            sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r2, pPk->nKeyCol);
-          }
+        if( pPk ){
+          assert( !isQuick );
+          sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r2, pPk->nKeyCol);
         }
       }
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+      /* Second pass to invoke the xIntegrity method on all virtual
+      ** tables.
+      */
+      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
+        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
+        sqlite3_vtab *pVTab;
+        int a1;
+        if( pObjTab && pObjTab!=pTab ) continue;
+        if( IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) continue;
+        if( !IsVirtual(pTab) ) continue;
+        if( pTab->nCol<=0 ){
+          const char *zMod = pTab->u.vtab.azArg[0];
+          if( sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zMod)==0 ) continue;
+        }
+        sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab);
+        if( pTab->u.vtab.p==0 ) continue;
+        pVTab = pTab->u.vtab.p->pVtab;
+        if( NEVER(pVTab==0) ) continue;
+        if( NEVER(pVTab->pModule==0) ) continue;
+        if( pVTab->pModule->iVersion<4 ) continue;
+        if( pVTab->pModule->xIntegrity==0 ) continue;
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VCheck, i, 3, isQuick);
+        pTab->nTabRef++;
+        sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pTab, P4_TABLEREF);
+        a1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, 3); VdbeCoverage(v);
+        integrityCheckResultRow(v);
+        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, a1);
+        continue;
+      }
+#endif
     }
     {
       static const int iLn = VDBE_OFFSET_LINENO(2);
@@ -138747,44 +141142,63 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
   **
   ** The optional argument is a bitmask of optimizations to perform:
   **
-  **    0x0001    Debugging mode.  Do not actually perform any optimizations
-  **              but instead return one line of text for each optimization
-  **              that would have been done.  Off by default.
+  **    0x00001    Debugging mode.  Do not actually perform any optimizations
+  **               but instead return one line of text for each optimization
+  **               that would have been done.  Off by default.
   **
-  **    0x0002    Run ANALYZE on tables that might benefit.  On by default.
-  **              See below for additional information.
+  **    0x00002    Run ANALYZE on tables that might benefit.  On by default.
+  **               See below for additional information.
   **
-  **    0x0004    (Not yet implemented) Record usage and performance
-  **              information from the current session in the
-  **              database file so that it will be available to "optimize"
-  **              pragmas run by future database connections.
+  **    0x00010    Run all ANALYZE operations using an analysis_limit that
+  **               is the lessor of the current analysis_limit and the
+  **               SQLITE_DEFAULT_OPTIMIZE_LIMIT compile-time option.
+  **               The default value of SQLITE_DEFAULT_OPTIMIZE_LIMIT is
+  **               currently (2024-02-19) set to 2000, which is such that
+  **               the worst case run-time for PRAGMA optimize on a 100MB
+  **               database will usually be less than 100 milliseconds on
+  **               a RaspberryPI-4 class machine.  On by default.
   **
-  **    0x0008    (Not yet implemented) Create indexes that might have
-  **              been helpful to recent queries
+  **    0x10000    Look at tables to see if they need to be reanalyzed
+  **               due to growth or shrinkage even if they have not been
+  **               queried during the current connection.  Off by default.
   **
-  ** The default MASK is and always shall be 0xfffe.  0xfffe means perform all
-  ** of the optimizations listed above except Debug Mode, including new
-  ** optimizations that have not yet been invented.  If new optimizations are
-  ** ever added that should be off by default, those off-by-default
-  ** optimizations will have bitmasks of 0x10000 or larger.
+  ** The default MASK is and always shall be 0x0fffe.  In the current
+  ** implementation, the default mask only covers the 0x00002 optimization,
+  ** though additional optimizations that are covered by 0x0fffe might be
+  ** added in the future.  Optimizations that are off by default and must
+  ** be explicitly requested have masks of 0x10000 or greater.
   **
   ** DETERMINATION OF WHEN TO RUN ANALYZE
   **
   ** In the current implementation, a table is analyzed if only if all of
   ** the following are true:
   **
-  ** (1) MASK bit 0x02 is set.
+  ** (1) MASK bit 0x00002 is set.
   **
-  ** (2) The query planner used sqlite_stat1-style statistics for one or
-  **     more indexes of the table at some point during the lifetime of
-  **     the current connection.
+  ** (2) The table is an ordinary table, not a virtual table or view.
   **
-  ** (3) One or more indexes of the table are currently unanalyzed OR
-  **     the number of rows in the table has increased by 25 times or more
-  **     since the last time ANALYZE was run.
+  ** (3) The table name does not begin with "sqlite_".
+  **
+  ** (4) One or more of the following is true:
+  **      (4a) The 0x10000 MASK bit is set.
+  **      (4b) One or more indexes on the table lacks an entry
+  **           in the sqlite_stat1 table.
+  **      (4c) The query planner used sqlite_stat1-style statistics for one
+  **           or more indexes of the table at some point during the lifetime
+  **           of the current connection.
+  **
+  ** (5) One or more of the following is true:
+  **      (5a) One or more indexes on the table lacks an entry
+  **           in the sqlite_stat1 table.  (Same as 4a)
+  **      (5b) The number of rows in the table has increased or decreased by
+  **           10-fold.  In other words, the current size of the table is
+  **           10 times larger than the size in sqlite_stat1 or else the
+  **           current size is less than 1/10th the size in sqlite_stat1.
   **
   ** The rules for when tables are analyzed are likely to change in
-  ** future releases.
+  ** future releases.  Future versions of SQLite might accept a string
+  ** literal argument to this pragma that contains a mnemonic description
+  ** of the options rather than a bitmap.
   */
   case PragTyp_OPTIMIZE: {
     int iDbLast;           /* Loop termination point for the schema loop */
@@ -138796,6 +141210,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     LogEst szThreshold;    /* Size threshold above which reanalysis needed */
     char *zSubSql;         /* SQL statement for the OP_SqlExec opcode */
     u32 opMask;            /* Mask of operations to perform */
+    int nLimit;            /* Analysis limit to use */
+    int nCheck = 0;        /* Number of tables to be optimized */
+    int nBtree = 0;        /* Number of btrees to scan */
+    int nIndex;            /* Number of indexes on the current table */
 
     if( zRight ){
       opMask = (u32)sqlite3Atoi(zRight);
@@ -138803,6 +141221,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
     }else{
       opMask = 0xfffe;
     }
+    if( (opMask & 0x10)==0 ){
+      nLimit = 0;
+    }else if( db->nAnalysisLimit>0
+           && db->nAnalysisLimit<SQLITE_DEFAULT_OPTIMIZE_LIMIT ){
+      nLimit = 0;
+    }else{
+      nLimit = SQLITE_DEFAULT_OPTIMIZE_LIMIT;
+    }
     iTabCur = pParse->nTab++;
     for(iDbLast = zDb?iDb:db->nDb-1; iDb<=iDbLast; iDb++){
       if( iDb==1 ) continue;
@@ -138811,23 +141237,61 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       for(k=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->tblHash); k; k=sqliteHashNext(k)){
         pTab = (Table*)sqliteHashData(k);
 
-        /* If table pTab has not been used in a way that would benefit from
-        ** having analysis statistics during the current session, then skip it.
-        ** This also has the effect of skipping virtual tables and views */
-        if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_StatsUsed)==0 ) continue;
+        /* This only works for ordinary tables */
+        if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) continue;
+
+        /* Do not scan system tables */
+        if( 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7) ) continue;
 
-        /* Reanalyze if the table is 25 times larger than the last analysis */
-        szThreshold = pTab->nRowLogEst + 46; assert( sqlite3LogEst(25)==46 );
+        /* Find the size of the table as last recorded in sqlite_stat1.
+        ** If any index is unanalyzed, then the threshold is -1 to
+        ** indicate a new, unanalyzed index
+        */
+        szThreshold = pTab->nRowLogEst;
+        nIndex = 0;
         for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
+          nIndex++;
           if( !pIdx->hasStat1 ){
-            szThreshold = 0; /* Always analyze if any index lacks statistics */
-            break;
+            szThreshold = -1; /* Always analyze if any index lacks statistics */
           }
         }
-        if( szThreshold ){
-          sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTabCur, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfSmaller, iTabCur,
-                         sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2+(opMask&1), szThreshold);
+
+        /* If table pTab has not been used in a way that would benefit from
+        ** having analysis statistics during the current session, then skip it,
+        ** unless the 0x10000 MASK bit is set. */
+        if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_MaybeReanalyze)!=0 ){
+          /* Check for size change if stat1 has been used for a query */
+        }else if( opMask & 0x10000 ){
+          /* Check for size change if 0x10000 is set */
+        }else if( pTab->pIndex!=0 && szThreshold<0 ){
+          /* Do analysis if unanalyzed indexes exists */
+        }else{
+          /* Otherwise, we can skip this table */
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        nCheck++;
+        if( nCheck==2 ){
+          /* If ANALYZE might be invoked two or more times, hold a write
+          ** transaction for efficiency */
+          sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
+        }
+        nBtree += nIndex+1;
+
+        /* Reanalyze if the table is 10 times larger or smaller than
+        ** the last analysis.  Unconditional reanalysis if there are
+        ** unanalyzed indexes. */
+        sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTabCur, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
+        if( szThreshold>=0 ){
+          const LogEst iRange = 33;   /* 10x size change */
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IfSizeBetween, iTabCur,
+                         sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2+(opMask&1),
+                         szThreshold>=iRange ? szThreshold-iRange : -1,
+                         szThreshold+iRange);
+          VdbeCoverage(v);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iTabCur,
+                         sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2+(opMask&1));
           VdbeCoverage(v);
         }
         zSubSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "ANALYZE \"%w\".\"%w\"",
@@ -138837,11 +141301,27 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, r1, 0, zSubSql, P4_DYNAMIC);
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, r1, 1);
         }else{
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SqlExec, 0, 0, 0, zSubSql, P4_DYNAMIC);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SqlExec, nLimit ? 0x02 : 00, nLimit, 0,
+                            zSubSql, P4_DYNAMIC);
         }
       }
     }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Expire);
+
+    /* In a schema with a large number of tables and indexes, scale back
+    ** the analysis_limit to avoid excess run-time in the worst case.
+    */
+    if( !db->mallocFailed && nLimit>0 && nBtree>100 ){
+      int iAddr, iEnd;
+      VdbeOp *aOp;
+      nLimit = 100*nLimit/nBtree;
+      if( nLimit<100 ) nLimit = 100;
+      aOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, 0);
+      iEnd = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
+      for(iAddr=0; iAddr<iEnd; iAddr++){
+        if( aOp[iAddr].opcode==OP_SqlExec ) aOp[iAddr].p2 = nLimit;
+      }
+    }
     break;
   }
 
@@ -139105,9 +141585,9 @@ static int pragmaVtabBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
   seen[0] = 0;
   seen[1] = 0;
   for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
-    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
-    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
     if( pConstraint->iColumn < pTab->iHidden ) continue;
+    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
     j = pConstraint->iColumn - pTab->iHidden;
     assert( j < 2 );
     seen[j] = i+1;
@@ -139120,12 +141600,13 @@ static int pragmaVtabBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
   j = seen[0]-1;
   pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[j].argvIndex = 1;
   pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[j].omit = 1;
-  if( seen[1]==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
   pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)20;
   pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 20;
-  j = seen[1]-1;
-  pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[j].argvIndex = 2;
-  pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[j].omit = 1;
+  if( seen[1] ){
+    j = seen[1]-1;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[j].argvIndex = 2;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[j].omit = 1;
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -139145,6 +141626,7 @@ static void pragmaVtabCursorClear(PragmaVtabCursor *pCsr){
   int i;
   sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pPragma);
   pCsr->pPragma = 0;
+  pCsr->iRowid = 0;
   for(i=0; i<ArraySize(pCsr->azArg); i++){
     sqlite3_free(pCsr->azArg[i]);
     pCsr->azArg[i] = 0;
@@ -139285,7 +141767,8 @@ static const sqlite3_module pragmaVtabModule = {
   0,                           /* xSavepoint */
   0,                           /* xRelease */
   0,                           /* xRollbackTo */
-  0                            /* xShadowName */
+  0,                           /* xShadowName */
+  0                            /* xIntegrity */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -139909,8 +142392,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParseObjectReset(Parse *pParse){
   db->lookaside.sz = db->lookaside.bDisable ? 0 : db->lookaside.szTrue;
   assert( pParse->db->pParse==pParse );
   db->pParse = pParse->pOuterParse;
-  pParse->db = 0;
-  pParse->disableLookaside = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -139946,7 +142427,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(
   void (*xCleanup)(sqlite3*,void*),   /* The cleanup routine */
   void *pPtr                          /* Pointer to object to be cleaned up */
 ){
-  ParseCleanup *pCleanup = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, sizeof(*pCleanup));
+  ParseCleanup *pCleanup;
+  if( sqlite3FaultSim(300) ){
+    pCleanup = 0;
+    sqlite3OomFault(pParse->db);
+  }else{
+    pCleanup = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, sizeof(*pCleanup));
+  }
   if( pCleanup ){
     pCleanup->pNext = pParse->pCleanup;
     pParse->pCleanup = pCleanup;
@@ -140181,6 +142668,7 @@ static int sqlite3LockAndPrepare(
   assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
   db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || (*ppStmt)==0 );
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -140578,6 +143066,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3 *db, Select *p){
   if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p) ) clearSelect(db, p, 1);
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDeleteGeneric(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
+  if( ALWAYS(p) ) clearSelect(db, (Select*)p, 1);
+}
 
 /*
 ** Return a pointer to the right-most SELECT statement in a compound.
@@ -140848,6 +143339,7 @@ static void unsetJoinExpr(Expr *p, int iTable, int nullable){
     }
     if( p->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
       assert( ExprUseXList(p) );
+      assert( p->pLeft==0 );
       if( p->x.pList ){
         int i;
         for(i=0; i<p->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
@@ -142063,9 +144555,16 @@ static void generateSortTail(
   int addrExplain;                /* Address of OP_Explain instruction */
 #endif
 
-  ExplainQueryPlan2(addrExplain, (pParse, 0,
-        "USE TEMP B-TREE FOR %sORDER BY", pSort->nOBSat>0?"RIGHT PART OF ":"")
-  );
+  nKey = pOrderBy->nExpr - pSort->nOBSat;
+  if( pSort->nOBSat==0 || nKey==1 ){
+    ExplainQueryPlan2(addrExplain, (pParse, 0,
+      "USE TEMP B-TREE FOR %sORDER BY", pSort->nOBSat?"LAST TERM OF ":""
+    ));
+  }else{
+    ExplainQueryPlan2(addrExplain, (pParse, 0,
+      "USE TEMP B-TREE FOR LAST %d TERMS OF ORDER BY", nKey
+    ));
+  }
   sqlite3VdbeScanStatusRange(v, addrExplain,pSort->addrPush,pSort->addrPushEnd);
   sqlite3VdbeScanStatusCounters(v, addrExplain, addrExplain, pSort->addrPush);
 
@@ -142103,7 +144602,6 @@ static void generateSortTail(
       regRow = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nColumn);
     }
   }
-  nKey = pOrderBy->nExpr - pSort->nOBSat;
   if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
     int regSortOut = ++pParse->nMem;
     iSortTab = pParse->nTab++;
@@ -142343,11 +144841,7 @@ static const char *columnTypeImpl(
         ** data for the result-set column of the sub-select.
         */
         if( iCol<pS->pEList->nExpr
-#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
-         && iCol>=0
-#else
-         && ALWAYS(iCol>=0)
-#endif
+         && (!ViewCanHaveRowid || iCol>=0)
         ){
           /* If iCol is less than zero, then the expression requests the
           ** rowid of the sub-select or view. This expression is legal (see
@@ -142723,17 +145217,22 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SubqueryColumnTypes(
   for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
     const char *zType;
     i64 n;
+    int m = 0;
+    Select *pS2 = pSelect;
     pTab->tabFlags |= (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_NOINSERT);
     p = a[i].pExpr;
     /* pCol->szEst = ... // Column size est for SELECT tables never used */
     pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(p);
+    while( pCol->affinity<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE && pS2->pNext!=0 ){
+      m |= sqlite3ExprDataType(pS2->pEList->a[i].pExpr);
+      pS2 = pS2->pNext;
+      pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pS2->pEList->a[i].pExpr);
+    }
     if( pCol->affinity<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
       pCol->affinity = aff;
     }
-    if( pCol->affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT && pSelect->pNext ){
-      int m = 0;
-      Select *pS2;
-      for(m=0, pS2=pSelect->pNext; pS2; pS2=pS2->pNext){
+    if( pCol->affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT && (pS2->pNext || pS2!=pSelect) ){
+      for(pS2=pS2->pNext; pS2; pS2=pS2->pNext){
         m |= sqlite3ExprDataType(pS2->pEList->a[i].pExpr);
       }
       if( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT && (m&0x01)!=0 ){
@@ -142763,12 +145262,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SubqueryColumnTypes(
       }
     }
     if( zType ){
-      i64 m = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
+      const i64 k = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
       n = sqlite3Strlen30(pCol->zCnName);
-      pCol->zCnName = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(db, pCol->zCnName, n+m+2);
+      pCol->zCnName = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(db, pCol->zCnName, n+k+2);
       pCol->colFlags &= ~(COLFLAG_HASTYPE|COLFLAG_HASCOLL);
       if( pCol->zCnName ){
-        memcpy(&pCol->zCnName[n+1], zType, m+1);
+        memcpy(&pCol->zCnName[n+1], zType, k+1);
         pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_HASTYPE;
       }
     }
@@ -143596,9 +146095,7 @@ multi_select_end:
   pDest->iSdst = dest.iSdst;
   pDest->nSdst = dest.nSdst;
   if( pDelete ){
-    sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
-        (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3SelectDelete,
-        pDelete);
+    sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3SelectDeleteGeneric, pDelete);
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -144149,8 +146646,7 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   /* Make arrangements to free the 2nd and subsequent arms of the compound
   ** after the parse has finished */
   if( pSplit->pPrior ){
-    sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
-       (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3SelectDelete, pSplit->pPrior);
+    sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3SelectDeleteGeneric, pSplit->pPrior);
   }
   pSplit->pPrior = pPrior;
   pPrior->pNext = pSplit;
@@ -144971,9 +147467,7 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
     Table *pTabToDel = pSubitem->pTab;
     if( pTabToDel->nTabRef==1 ){
       Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
-      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pToplevel,
-         (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3DeleteTable,
-         pTabToDel);
+      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pToplevel, sqlite3DeleteTableGeneric, pTabToDel);
       testcase( pToplevel->earlyCleanup );
     }else{
       pTabToDel->nTabRef--;
@@ -145170,7 +147664,7 @@ static void constInsert(
 ){
   int i;
   assert( pColumn->op==TK_COLUMN );
-  assert( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pValue) );
+  assert( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pConst->pParse, pValue) );
 
   if( ExprHasProperty(pColumn, EP_FixedCol) ) return;
   if( sqlite3ExprAffinity(pValue)!=0 ) return;
@@ -145228,10 +147722,10 @@ static void findConstInWhere(WhereConst *pConst, Expr *pExpr){
   pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
   assert( pRight!=0 );
   assert( pLeft!=0 );
-  if( pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pLeft) ){
+  if( pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pConst->pParse, pLeft) ){
     constInsert(pConst,pRight,pLeft,pExpr);
   }
-  if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pRight) ){
+  if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pConst->pParse, pRight) ){
     constInsert(pConst,pLeft,pRight,pExpr);
   }
 }
@@ -145452,6 +147946,18 @@ static int pushDownWindowCheck(Parse *pParse, Select *pSubq, Expr *pExpr){
 ** The hope is that the terms added to the inner query will make it more
 ** efficient.
 **
+** NAME AMBIGUITY
+**
+** This optimization is called the "WHERE-clause push-down optimization".
+**
+** Do not confuse this optimization with another unrelated optimization
+** with a similar name:  The "MySQL push-down optimization" causes WHERE
+** clause terms that can be evaluated using only the index and without
+** reference to the table are run first, so that if they are false,
+** unnecessary table seeks are avoided.
+**
+** RULES
+**
 ** Do not attempt this optimization if:
 **
 **   (1) (** This restriction was removed on 2017-09-29.  We used to
@@ -145517,15 +148023,19 @@ static int pushDownWindowCheck(Parse *pParse, Select *pSubq, Expr *pExpr){
 **       (9c) There is a RIGHT JOIN (or FULL JOIN) in between the ON/USING
 **            clause and the subquery.
 **
-**       Without this restriction, the push-down optimization might move
-**       the ON/USING filter expression from the left side of a RIGHT JOIN
-**       over to the right side, which leads to incorrect answers.  See
-**       also restriction (6) in sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint().
+**       Without this restriction, the WHERE-clause push-down optimization
+**       might move the ON/USING filter expression from the left side of a
+**       RIGHT JOIN over to the right side, which leads to incorrect answers.
+**       See also restriction (6) in sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint().
 **
 **  (10) The inner query is not the right-hand table of a RIGHT JOIN.
 **
 **  (11) The subquery is not a VALUES clause
 **
+**  (12) The WHERE clause is not "rowid ISNULL" or the equivalent.  This
+**       case only comes up if SQLite is compiled using
+**       SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW.
+**
 ** Return 0 if no changes are made and non-zero if one or more WHERE clause
 ** terms are duplicated into the subquery.
 */
@@ -145636,7 +148146,19 @@ static int pushDownWhereTerms(
   }
 #endif
 
-  if( sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(pWhere, pSrcList, iSrc) ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+  if( ViewCanHaveRowid && (pWhere->op==TK_ISNULL || pWhere->op==TK_NOTNULL) ){
+    Expr *pLeft = pWhere->pLeft;
+    if( ALWAYS(pLeft)
+     && pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
+     && pLeft->iColumn < 0
+    ){
+      return 0;  /* Restriction (12) */
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if( sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(pWhere, pSrcList, iSrc, 1) ){
     nChng++;
     pSubq->selFlags |= SF_PushDown;
     while( pSubq ){
@@ -146020,8 +148542,7 @@ static struct Cte *searchWith(
 SQLITE_PRIVATE With *sqlite3WithPush(Parse *pParse, With *pWith, u8 bFree){
   if( pWith ){
     if( bFree ){
-      pWith = (With*)sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
-                      (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3WithDelete,
+      pWith = (With*)sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3WithDeleteGeneric,
                       pWith);
       if( pWith==0 ) return 0;
     }
@@ -146264,12 +148785,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse *pParse, SrcItem *pFrom){
   while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
   sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSel->pEList,&pTab->nCol,&pTab->aCol);
   pTab->iPKey = -1;
+  pTab->eTabType = TABTYP_VIEW;
   pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
 #ifndef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
   /* The usual case - do not allow ROWID on a subquery */
   pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
 #else
-  pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;  /* Legacy compatibility mode */
+  /* Legacy compatibility mode */
+  pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral | sqlite3Config.mNoVisibleRowid;
 #endif
   return pParse->nErr ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -146508,6 +149031,7 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
         char *zTName = 0;       /* text of name of TABLE */
         int iErrOfst;
         if( pE->op==TK_DOT ){
+          assert( (selFlags & SF_NestedFrom)==0 );
           assert( pE->pLeft!=0 );
           assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE->pLeft, EP_IntValue) );
           zTName = pE->pLeft->u.zToken;
@@ -146518,6 +149042,7 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
           iErrOfst = pE->w.iOfst;
         }
         for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
+          int nAdd;                    /* Number of cols including rowid */
           Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;   /* Table for this data source */
           ExprList *pNestedFrom;       /* Result-set of a nested FROM clause */
           char *zTabName;              /* AS name for this data source */
@@ -146535,6 +149060,7 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
             pNestedFrom = pFrom->pSelect->pEList;
             assert( pNestedFrom!=0 );
             assert( pNestedFrom->nExpr==pTab->nCol );
+            assert( VisibleRowid(pTab)==0 || ViewCanHaveRowid );
           }else{
             if( zTName && sqlite3StrICmp(zTName, zTabName)!=0 ){
               continue;
@@ -146565,33 +149091,49 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
           }else{
             pUsing = 0;
           }
-          for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
-            char *zName = pTab->aCol[j].zCnName;
+
+          nAdd = pTab->nCol;
+          if( VisibleRowid(pTab) && (selFlags & SF_NestedFrom)!=0 ) nAdd++;
+          for(j=0; j<nAdd; j++){
+            const char *zName;
             struct ExprList_item *pX; /* Newly added ExprList term */
 
-            assert( zName );
-            if( zTName
-             && pNestedFrom
-             && sqlite3MatchEName(&pNestedFrom->a[j], 0, zTName, 0)==0
-            ){
-              continue;
-            }
+            if( j==pTab->nCol ){
+              zName = sqlite3RowidAlias(pTab);
+              if( zName==0 ) continue;
+            }else{
+              zName = pTab->aCol[j].zCnName;
 
-            /* If a column is marked as 'hidden', omit it from the expanded
-            ** result-set list unless the SELECT has the SF_IncludeHidden
-            ** bit set.
-            */
-            if( (p->selFlags & SF_IncludeHidden)==0
-             && IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[j])
-            ){
-              continue;
-            }
-            if( (pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_NOEXPAND)!=0
-             && zTName==0
-             && (selFlags & (SF_NestedFrom))==0
-            ){
-              continue;
+              /* If pTab is actually an SF_NestedFrom sub-select, do not
+              ** expand any ENAME_ROWID columns.  */
+              if( pNestedFrom && pNestedFrom->a[j].fg.eEName==ENAME_ROWID ){
+                continue;
+              }
+
+              if( zTName
+               && pNestedFrom
+               && sqlite3MatchEName(&pNestedFrom->a[j], 0, zTName, 0, 0)==0
+              ){
+                continue;
+              }
+
+              /* If a column is marked as 'hidden', omit it from the expanded
+              ** result-set list unless the SELECT has the SF_IncludeHidden
+              ** bit set.
+              */
+              if( (p->selFlags & SF_IncludeHidden)==0
+                && IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[j])
+              ){
+                continue;
+              }
+              if( (pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_NOEXPAND)!=0
+               && zTName==0
+               && (selFlags & (SF_NestedFrom))==0
+              ){
+                continue;
+              }
             }
+            assert( zName );
             tableSeen = 1;
 
             if( i>0 && zTName==0 && (selFlags & SF_NestedFrom)==0 ){
@@ -146633,7 +149175,8 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
             pX = &pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1];
             assert( pX->zEName==0 );
             if( (selFlags & SF_NestedFrom)!=0 && !IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
-              if( pNestedFrom ){
+              if( pNestedFrom && (!ViewCanHaveRowid || j<pNestedFrom->nExpr) ){
+                assert( j<pNestedFrom->nExpr );
                 pX->zEName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pNestedFrom->a[j].zEName);
                 testcase( pX->zEName==0 );
               }else{
@@ -146641,11 +149184,11 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
                                            zSchemaName, zTabName, zName);
                 testcase( pX->zEName==0 );
               }
-              pX->fg.eEName = ENAME_TAB;
+              pX->fg.eEName = (j==pTab->nCol ? ENAME_ROWID : ENAME_TAB);
               if( (pFrom->fg.isUsing
                    && sqlite3IdListIndex(pFrom->u3.pUsing, zName)>=0)
                || (pUsing && sqlite3IdListIndex(pUsing, zName)>=0)
-               || (pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_NOEXPAND)!=0
+               || (j<pTab->nCol && (pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_NOEXPAND))
               ){
                 pX->fg.bNoExpand = 1;
               }
@@ -146747,10 +149290,10 @@ static void selectAddSubqueryTypeInfo(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   SrcList *pTabList;
   SrcItem *pFrom;
 
-  assert( p->selFlags & SF_Resolved );
   if( p->selFlags & SF_HasTypeInfo ) return;
   p->selFlags |= SF_HasTypeInfo;
   pParse = pWalker->pParse;
+  assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Resolved) );
   pTabList = p->pSrc;
   for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
     Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
@@ -146820,6 +149363,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectPrep(
 */
 static void printAggInfo(AggInfo *pAggInfo){
   int ii;
+  sqlite3DebugPrintf("AggInfo %d/%p:\n",
+     pAggInfo->selId, pAggInfo);
   for(ii=0; ii<pAggInfo->nColumn; ii++){
     struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[ii];
     sqlite3DebugPrintf(
@@ -146866,8 +149411,14 @@ static void analyzeAggFuncArgs(
   pNC->ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;
   for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++){
     Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[i].pFExpr;
+    assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION || pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
     assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
     sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(pNC, pExpr->x.pList);
+    if( pExpr->pLeft ){
+      assert( pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_ORDER );
+      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr->pLeft) );
+      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(pNC, pExpr->pLeft->x.pList);
+    }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
     assert( !IsWindowFunc(pExpr) );
     if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
@@ -147022,6 +149573,36 @@ static void resetAccumulator(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
                           pFunc->pFunc->zName));
       }
     }
+    if( pFunc->iOBTab>=0 ){
+      ExprList *pOBList;
+      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
+      int nExtra = 0;
+      assert( pFunc->pFExpr->pLeft!=0 );
+      assert( pFunc->pFExpr->pLeft->op==TK_ORDER );
+      assert( ExprUseXList(pFunc->pFExpr->pLeft) );
+      assert( pFunc->pFunc!=0 );
+      pOBList = pFunc->pFExpr->pLeft->x.pList;
+      if( !pFunc->bOBUnique ){
+        nExtra++;  /* One extra column for the OP_Sequence */
+      }
+      if( pFunc->bOBPayload ){
+        /* extra columns for the function arguments */
+        assert( ExprUseXList(pFunc->pFExpr) );
+        nExtra += pFunc->pFExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
+      }
+      if( pFunc->bUseSubtype ){
+        nExtra += pFunc->pFExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
+      }
+      pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pOBList, 0, nExtra);
+      if( !pFunc->bOBUnique && pParse->nErr==0 ){
+        pKeyInfo->nKeyField++;
+      }
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
+            pFunc->iOBTab, pOBList->nExpr+nExtra, 0,
+            (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
+      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "USE TEMP B-TREE FOR %s(ORDER BY)",
+                          pFunc->pFunc->zName));
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -147037,13 +149618,56 @@ static void finalizeAggFunctions(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
     ExprList *pList;
     assert( ExprUseXList(pF->pFExpr) );
     pList = pF->pFExpr->x.pList;
+    if( pF->iOBTab>=0 ){
+      /* For an ORDER BY aggregate, calls to OP_AggStep were deferred.  Inputs
+      ** were stored in emphermal table pF->iOBTab.  Here, we extract those
+      ** inputs (in ORDER BY order) and make all calls to OP_AggStep
+      ** before doing the OP_AggFinal call. */
+      int iTop;        /* Start of loop for extracting columns */
+      int nArg;        /* Number of columns to extract */
+      int nKey;        /* Key columns to be skipped */
+      int regAgg;      /* Extract into this array */
+      int j;           /* Loop counter */
+
+      assert( pF->pFunc!=0 );
+      nArg = pList->nExpr;
+      regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
+
+      if( pF->bOBPayload==0 ){
+        nKey = 0;
+      }else{
+        assert( pF->pFExpr->pLeft!=0 );
+        assert( ExprUseXList(pF->pFExpr->pLeft) );
+        assert( pF->pFExpr->pLeft->x.pList!=0 );
+        nKey = pF->pFExpr->pLeft->x.pList->nExpr;
+        if( ALWAYS(!pF->bOBUnique) ) nKey++;
+      }
+      iTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, pF->iOBTab); VdbeCoverage(v);
+      for(j=nArg-1; j>=0; j--){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pF->iOBTab, nKey+j, regAgg+j);
+      }
+      if( pF->bUseSubtype ){
+        int regSubtype = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+        int iBaseCol = nKey + nArg + (pF->bOBPayload==0 && pF->bOBUnique==0);
+        for(j=nArg-1; j>=0; j--){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pF->iOBTab, iBaseCol+j, regSubtype);
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SetSubtype, regSubtype, regAgg+j);
+        }
+        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regSubtype);
+      }
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggStep, 0, regAgg, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i));
+      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pF->iOBTab, iTop+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iTop);
+      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
+    }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AggFinal, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i),
                       pList ? pList->nExpr : 0);
     sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
   }
 }
 
-
 /*
 ** Generate code that will update the accumulator memory cells for an
 ** aggregate based on the current cursor position.
@@ -147052,6 +149676,13 @@ static void finalizeAggFunctions(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
 ** in pAggInfo, then only populate the pAggInfo->nAccumulator accumulator
 ** registers if register regAcc contains 0. The caller will take care
 ** of setting and clearing regAcc.
+**
+** For an ORDER BY aggregate, the actual accumulator memory cell update
+** is deferred until after all input rows have been received, so that they
+** can be run in the requested order.  In that case, instead of invoking
+** OP_AggStep to update the accumulator, just add the arguments that would
+** have been passed into OP_AggStep into the sorting ephemeral table
+** (along with the appropriate sort key).
 */
 static void updateAccumulator(
   Parse *pParse,
@@ -147073,9 +149704,12 @@ static void updateAccumulator(
     int nArg;
     int addrNext = 0;
     int regAgg;
+    int regAggSz = 0;
+    int regDistinct = 0;
     ExprList *pList;
     assert( ExprUseXList(pF->pFExpr) );
     assert( !IsWindowFunc(pF->pFExpr) );
+    assert( pF->pFunc!=0 );
     pList = pF->pFExpr->x.pList;
     if( ExprHasProperty(pF->pFExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
       Expr *pFilter = pF->pFExpr->y.pWin->pFilter;
@@ -147099,9 +149733,55 @@ static void updateAccumulator(
       addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pFilter, addrNext, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
     }
-    if( pList ){
+    if( pF->iOBTab>=0 ){
+      /* Instead of invoking AggStep, we must push the arguments that would
+      ** have been passed to AggStep onto the sorting table. */
+      int jj;                /* Registered used so far in building the record */
+      ExprList *pOBList;     /* The ORDER BY clause */
+      assert( pList!=0 );
+      nArg = pList->nExpr;
+      assert( nArg>0 );
+      assert( pF->pFExpr->pLeft!=0 );
+      assert( pF->pFExpr->pLeft->op==TK_ORDER );
+      assert( ExprUseXList(pF->pFExpr->pLeft) );
+      pOBList = pF->pFExpr->pLeft->x.pList;
+      assert( pOBList!=0 );
+      assert( pOBList->nExpr>0 );
+      regAggSz = pOBList->nExpr;
+      if( !pF->bOBUnique ){
+        regAggSz++;   /* One register for OP_Sequence */
+      }
+      if( pF->bOBPayload ){
+        regAggSz += nArg;
+      }
+      if( pF->bUseSubtype ){
+        regAggSz += nArg;
+      }
+      regAggSz++;  /* One extra register to hold result of MakeRecord */
+      regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, regAggSz);
+      regDistinct = regAgg;
+      sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pOBList, regAgg, 0, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);
+      jj = pOBList->nExpr;
+      if( !pF->bOBUnique ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pF->iOBTab, regAgg+jj);
+        jj++;
+      }
+      if( pF->bOBPayload ){
+        regDistinct = regAgg+jj;
+        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pList, regDistinct, 0, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);
+        jj += nArg;
+      }
+      if( pF->bUseSubtype ){
+        int kk;
+        int regBase = pF->bOBPayload ? regDistinct : regAgg;
+        for(kk=0; kk<nArg; kk++, jj++){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_GetSubtype, regBase+kk, regAgg+jj);
+        }
+      }
+    }else if( pList ){
       nArg = pList->nExpr;
       regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
+      regDistinct = regAgg;
       sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pList, regAgg, 0, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);
     }else{
       nArg = 0;
@@ -147112,26 +149792,37 @@ static void updateAccumulator(
         addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);
       }
       pF->iDistinct = codeDistinct(pParse, eDistinctType,
-          pF->iDistinct, addrNext, pList, regAgg);
-    }
-    if( pF->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = 0;
-      struct ExprList_item *pItem;
-      int j;
-      assert( pList!=0 );  /* pList!=0 if pF->pFunc has NEEDCOLL */
-      for(j=0, pItem=pList->a; !pColl && j<nArg; j++, pItem++){
-        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
-      }
-      if( !pColl ){
-        pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
+          pF->iDistinct, addrNext, pList, regDistinct);
+    }
+    if( pF->iOBTab>=0 ){
+      /* Insert a new record into the ORDER BY table */
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regAgg, regAggSz-1,
+                        regAgg+regAggSz-1);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, pF->iOBTab, regAgg+regAggSz-1,
+                           regAgg, regAggSz-1);
+      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, regAggSz);
+    }else{
+      /* Invoke the AggStep function */
+      if( pF->pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
+        CollSeq *pColl = 0;
+        struct ExprList_item *pItem;
+        int j;
+        assert( pList!=0 );  /* pList!=0 if pF->pFunc has NEEDCOLL */
+        for(j=0, pItem=pList->a; !pColl && j<nArg; j++, pItem++){
+          pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
+        }
+        if( !pColl ){
+          pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
+        }
+        if( regHit==0 && pAggInfo->nAccumulator ) regHit = ++pParse->nMem;
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, regHit, 0, 0,
+                         (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
       }
-      if( regHit==0 && pAggInfo->nAccumulator ) regHit = ++pParse->nMem;
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, regHit, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggStep, 0, regAgg, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i));
+      sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
+      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
     }
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_AggStep, 0, regAgg, AggInfoFuncReg(pAggInfo,i));
-    sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nArg);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regAgg, nArg);
     if( addrNext ){
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrNext);
     }
@@ -147290,7 +149981,8 @@ static SrcItem *isSelfJoinView(
 /*
 ** Deallocate a single AggInfo object
 */
-static void agginfoFree(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *p){
+static void agginfoFree(sqlite3 *db, void *pArg){
+  AggInfo *p = (AggInfo*)pArg;
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aCol);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aFunc);
   sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
@@ -147364,7 +150056,7 @@ static int countOfViewOptimization(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
     pSub->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
     pSub->selFlags &= ~SF_Compound;
     pSub->nSelectRow = 0;
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pSub->pEList);
+    sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3ExprListDeleteGeneric, pSub->pEList);
     pTerm = pPrior ? sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCount, 0) : pCount;
     pSub->pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pTerm);
     pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
@@ -147544,9 +150236,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
         sqlite3TreeViewExprList(0, p->pOrderBy, 0, "ORDERBY");
       }
 #endif
-      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
-        (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3ExprListDelete,
-        p->pOrderBy);
+      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3ExprListDeleteGeneric,
+                              p->pOrderBy);
       testcase( pParse->earlyCleanup );
       p->pOrderBy = 0;
     }
@@ -147652,6 +150343,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
           TREETRACE(0x1000,pParse,p,
                     ("LEFT-JOIN simplifies to JOIN on term %d\n",i));
           pItem->fg.jointype &= ~(JT_LEFT|JT_OUTER);
+          unsetJoinExpr(p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor, 0);
         }
       }
       if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ ){
@@ -147666,17 +150358,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
               TREETRACE(0x1000,pParse,p,
                         ("RIGHT-JOIN simplifies to JOIN on term %d\n",j));
               pI2->fg.jointype &= ~(JT_RIGHT|JT_OUTER);
+              unsetJoinExpr(p->pWhere, pI2->iCursor, 1);
             }
           }
         }
-        for(j=pTabList->nSrc-1; j>=i; j--){
+        for(j=pTabList->nSrc-1; j>=0; j--){
           pTabList->a[j].fg.jointype &= ~JT_LTORJ;
           if( pTabList->a[j].fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT ) break;
         }
       }
-      assert( pItem->iCursor>=0 );
-      unsetJoinExpr(p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor,
-                    pTabList->a[0].fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ);
     }
 
     /* No further action if this term of the FROM clause is not a subquery */
@@ -147739,9 +150429,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     ){
       TREETRACE(0x800,pParse,p,
                 ("omit superfluous ORDER BY on %r FROM-clause subquery\n",i+1));
-      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
-         (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3ExprListDelete,
-         pSub->pOrderBy);
+      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, sqlite3ExprListDeleteGeneric,
+                              pSub->pOrderBy);
       pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
     }
 
@@ -147866,7 +150555,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     /* Generate code for all sub-queries in the FROM clause
     */
     pSub = pItem->pSelect;
-    if( pSub==0 ) continue;
+    if( pSub==0 || pItem->addrFillSub!=0 ) continue;
 
     /* The code for a subquery should only be generated once. */
     assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );
@@ -147897,7 +150586,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
 #endif
       assert( pItem->pSelect && (pItem->pSelect->selFlags & SF_PushDown)!=0 );
     }else{
-      TREETRACE(0x4000,pParse,p,("Push-down not possible\n"));
+      TREETRACE(0x4000,pParse,p,("WHERE-lcause push-down not possible\n"));
     }
 
     /* Convert unused result columns of the subquery into simple NULL
@@ -148270,8 +150959,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(
     */
     pAggInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pAggInfo) );
     if( pAggInfo ){
-      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
-          (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))agginfoFree, pAggInfo);
+      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, agginfoFree, pAggInfo);
       testcase( pParse->earlyCleanup );
     }
     if( db->mallocFailed ){
@@ -148779,6 +151467,12 @@ select_end:
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pMinMaxOrderBy);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   if( pAggInfo && !db->mallocFailed ){
+#if TREETRACE_ENABLED
+    if( sqlite3TreeTrace & 0x20 ){
+      TREETRACE(0x20,pParse,p,("Finished with AggInfo\n"));
+      printAggInfo(pAggInfo);
+    }
+#endif
     for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nColumn; i++){
       Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aCol[i].pCExpr;
       if( pExpr==0 ) continue;
@@ -149192,6 +151886,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTrigger(
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create triggers on virtual tables");
     goto trigger_orphan_error;
   }
+  if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Shadow)!=0 && sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(db) ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot create triggers on shadow tables");
+    goto trigger_orphan_error;
+  }
 
   /* Check that the trigger name is not reserved and that no trigger of the
   ** specified name exists */
@@ -149956,6 +152654,72 @@ static ExprList *sqlite3ExpandReturning(
   return pNew;
 }
 
+/* If the Expr node is a subquery or an EXISTS operator or an IN operator that
+** uses a subquery, and if the subquery is SF_Correlated, then mark the
+** expression as EP_VarSelect.
+*/
+static int sqlite3ReturningSubqueryVarSelect(Walker *NotUsed, Expr *pExpr){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
+  if( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr)
+   && (pExpr->x.pSelect->selFlags & SF_Correlated)!=0
+  ){
+    testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) );
+    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect);
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If the SELECT references the table pWalker->u.pTab, then do two things:
+**
+**    (1) Mark the SELECT as as SF_Correlated.
+**    (2) Set pWalker->eCode to non-zero so that the caller will know
+**        that (1) has happened.
+*/
+static int sqlite3ReturningSubqueryCorrelated(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
+  int i;
+  SrcList *pSrc;
+  assert( pSelect!=0 );
+  pSrc = pSelect->pSrc;
+  assert( pSrc!=0 );
+  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
+    if( pSrc->a[i].pTab==pWalker->u.pTab ){
+      testcase( pSelect->selFlags & SF_Correlated );
+      pSelect->selFlags |= SF_Correlated;
+      pWalker->eCode = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+/*
+** Scan the expression list that is the argument to RETURNING looking
+** for subqueries that depend on the table which is being modified in the
+** statement that is hosting the RETURNING clause (pTab).  Mark all such
+** subqueries as SF_Correlated.  If the subqueries are part of an
+** expression, mark the expression as EP_VarSelect.
+**
+** https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/2c83569ce8945d39
+*/
+static void sqlite3ProcessReturningSubqueries(
+  ExprList *pEList,
+  Table *pTab
+){
+  Walker w;
+  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+  w.xExprCallback = sqlite3ExprWalkNoop;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3ReturningSubqueryCorrelated;
+  w.u.pTab = pTab;
+  sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pEList);
+  if( w.eCode ){
+    w.xExprCallback = sqlite3ReturningSubqueryVarSelect;
+    w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkNoop;
+    sqlite3WalkExprList(&w, pEList);
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Generate code for the RETURNING trigger.  Unlike other triggers
 ** that invoke a subprogram in the bytecode, the code for RETURNING
@@ -149975,16 +152739,24 @@ static void codeReturningTrigger(
   SrcList sFrom;
 
   assert( v!=0 );
-  assert( pParse->bReturning );
+  if( !pParse->bReturning ){
+    /* This RETURNING trigger must be for a different statement as
+    ** this statement lacks a RETURNING clause. */
+    return;
+  }
   assert( db->pParse==pParse );
   pReturning = pParse->u1.pReturning;
-  assert( pTrigger == &(pReturning->retTrig) );
+  if( pTrigger != &(pReturning->retTrig) ){
+    /* This RETURNING trigger is for a different statement */
+    return;
+  }
   memset(&sSelect, 0, sizeof(sSelect));
   memset(&sFrom, 0, sizeof(sFrom));
   sSelect.pEList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pReturning->pReturnEL, 0);
   sSelect.pSrc = &sFrom;
   sFrom.nSrc = 1;
   sFrom.a[0].pTab = pTab;
+  sFrom.a[0].zName = pTab->zName; /* tag-20240424-1 */
   sFrom.a[0].iCursor = -1;
   sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, &sSelect, 0);
   if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
@@ -150011,6 +152783,7 @@ static void codeReturningTrigger(
       int i;
       int nCol = pNew->nExpr;
       int reg = pParse->nMem+1;
+      sqlite3ProcessReturningSubqueries(pNew, pTab);
       pParse->nMem += nCol+2;
       pReturning->iRetReg = reg;
       for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
@@ -151412,6 +154185,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(
       }
     }
     if( chngRowid==0 && pPk==0 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+      if( isView ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOldRowid);
+#endif
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regOldRowid, regNewRowid);
     }
   }
@@ -151949,7 +154725,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(
   Parse *pParse,     /* The parsing context */
   SrcList *pTabList, /* Table into which we are inserting */
-  Upsert *pUpsert    /* The ON CONFLICT clauses */
+  Upsert *pUpsert,   /* The ON CONFLICT clauses */
+  Upsert *pAll       /* Complete list of all ON CONFLICT clauses */
 ){
   Table *pTab;            /* That table into which we are inserting */
   int rc;                 /* Result code */
@@ -152052,6 +154829,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(
         continue;
       }
       pUpsert->pUpsertIdx = pIdx;
+      if( sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(pAll,pIdx)!=pUpsert ){
+        /* Really this should be an error.  The isDup ON CONFLICT clause will
+        ** never fire.  But this problem was not discovered until three years
+        ** after multi-CONFLICT upsert was added, and so we silently ignore
+        ** the problem to prevent breaking applications that might actually
+        ** have redundant ON CONFLICT clauses. */
+        pUpsert->isDup = 1;
+      }
       break;
     }
     if( pUpsert->pUpsertIdx==0 ){
@@ -152078,9 +154863,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(Upsert *pUpsert){
   Upsert *pNext;
   if( NEVER(pUpsert==0) ) return 0;
   pNext = pUpsert->pNextUpsert;
-  if( pNext==0 ) return 1;
-  if( pNext->pUpsertTarget==0 ) return 1;
-  if( pNext->pUpsertIdx==0 ) return 1;
+  while( 1 /*exit-by-return*/ ){
+    if( pNext==0 ) return 1;
+    if( pNext->pUpsertTarget==0 ) return 1;
+    if( pNext->pUpsertIdx==0 ) return 1;
+    if( !pNext->isDup ) return 0;
+    pNext = pNext->pNextUpsert;
+  }
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -152909,7 +155698,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3 *db){
 
   if( p ){
     db->pDisconnect = 0;
-    sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db, 0);
     do {
       VTable *pNext = p->pNext;
       sqlite3VtabUnlock(p);
@@ -153206,6 +155994,8 @@ static int vtabCallConstructor(
   db->pVtabCtx = &sCtx;
   pTab->nTabRef++;
   rc = xConstruct(db, pMod->pAux, nArg, azArg, &pVTable->pVtab, &zErr);
+  assert( pTab!=0 );
+  assert( pTab->nTabRef>1 || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pTab);
   db->pVtabCtx = sCtx.pPrior;
   if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -153228,7 +156018,7 @@ static int vtabCallConstructor(
     pVTable->nRef = 1;
     if( sCtx.bDeclared==0 ){
       const char *zFormat = "vtable constructor did not declare schema: %s";
-      *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, zFormat, pTab->zName);
+      *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, zFormat, zModuleName);
       sqlite3VtabUnlock(pVTable);
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }else{
@@ -153406,19 +156196,38 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable){
   Table *pTab;
   Parse sParse;
   int initBusy;
+  int i;
+  const unsigned char *z;
+  static const u8 aKeyword[] = { TK_CREATE, TK_TABLE, 0 };
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zCreateTable==0 ){
     return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
   }
 #endif
+
+  /* Verify that the first two keywords in the CREATE TABLE statement
+  ** really are "CREATE" and "TABLE".  If this is not the case, then
+  ** sqlite3_declare_vtab() is being misused.
+  */
+  z = (const unsigned char*)zCreateTable;
+  for(i=0; aKeyword[i]; i++){
+    int tokenType = 0;
+    do{ z += sqlite3GetToken(z, &tokenType); }while( tokenType==TK_SPACE );
+    if( tokenType!=aKeyword[i] ){
+      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_ERROR, "syntax error");
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   pCtx = db->pVtabCtx;
   if( !pCtx || pCtx->bDeclared ){
-    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_MISUSE);
+    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT);
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
     return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
   }
+
   pTab = pCtx->pTab;
   assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
 
@@ -153432,11 +156241,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable){
   initBusy = db->init.busy;
   db->init.busy = 0;
   sParse.nQueryLoop = 1;
-  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zCreateTable)
-   && ALWAYS(sParse.pNewTable!=0)
-   && ALWAYS(!db->mallocFailed)
-   && IsOrdinaryTable(sParse.pNewTable)
-  ){
+  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zCreateTable) ){
+    assert( sParse.pNewTable!=0 );
+    assert( !db->mallocFailed );
+    assert( IsOrdinaryTable(sParse.pNewTable) );
     assert( sParse.zErrMsg==0 );
     if( !pTab->aCol ){
       Table *pNew = sParse.pNewTable;
@@ -154475,7 +157283,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereGetMask(WhereMaskSet*,int);
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereClausePrint(WhereClause *pWC);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereTermPrint(WhereTerm *pTerm, int iTerm);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(WhereLoop *p, WhereClause *pWC);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(const WhereLoop *p, const WhereClause *pWC);
 #endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereTerm *sqlite3WhereFindTerm(
   WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause to be searched */
@@ -154606,7 +157414,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcItem*, WhereClause*);
 #define WHERE_BLOOMFILTER  0x00400000  /* Consider using a Bloom-filter */
 #define WHERE_SELFCULL     0x00800000  /* nOut reduced by extra WHERE terms */
 #define WHERE_OMIT_OFFSET  0x01000000  /* Set offset counter to zero */
-#define WHERE_VIEWSCAN     0x02000000  /* A full-scan of a VIEW or subquery */
+                      /*   0x02000000  -- available for reuse */
 #define WHERE_EXPRIDX      0x04000000  /* Uses an index-on-expressions */
 
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_WHEREINT_H) */
@@ -155932,6 +158740,27 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void filterPullDown(
 }
 
 /*
+** Loop pLoop is a WHERE_INDEXED level that uses at least one IN(...)
+** operator. Return true if level pLoop is guaranteed to visit only one
+** row for each key generated for the index.
+*/
+static int whereLoopIsOneRow(WhereLoop *pLoop){
+  if( pLoop->u.btree.pIndex->onError
+   && pLoop->nSkip==0
+   && pLoop->u.btree.nEq==pLoop->u.btree.pIndex->nKeyCol
+  ){
+    int ii;
+    for(ii=0; ii<pLoop->u.btree.nEq; ii++){
+      if( pLoop->aLTerm[ii]->eOperator & (WO_IS|WO_ISNULL) ){
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Generate code for the start of the iLevel-th loop in the WHERE clause
 ** implementation described by pWInfo.
 */
@@ -156009,7 +158838,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
   if( pLevel->iFrom>0 && (pTabItem[0].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
     pLevel->iLeftJoin = ++pParse->nMem;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
-    VdbeComment((v, "init LEFT JOIN no-match flag"));
+    VdbeComment((v, "init LEFT JOIN match flag"));
   }
 
   /* Compute a safe address to jump to if we discover that the table for
@@ -156678,7 +159507,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
     }
 
     /* Record the instruction used to terminate the loop. */
-    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW ){
+    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)
+     || (pLevel->u.in.nIn && regBignull==0 && whereLoopIsOneRow(pLoop))
+    ){
       pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
     }else if( bRev ){
       pLevel->op = OP_Prev;
@@ -157068,6 +159899,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
   ** iLoop==3: Code all remaining expressions.
   **
   ** An effort is made to skip unnecessary iterations of the loop.
+  **
+  ** This optimization of causing simple query restrictions to occur before
+  ** more complex one is call the "push-down" optimization in MySQL.  Here
+  ** in SQLite, the name is "MySQL push-down", since there is also another
+  ** totally unrelated optimization called "WHERE-clause push-down".
+  ** Sometimes the qualifier is omitted, resulting in an ambiguity, so beware.
   */
   iLoop = (pIdx ? 1 : 2);
   do{
@@ -157318,7 +160155,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3WhereRightJoinLoop(
                                   pRJ->regReturn);
   for(k=0; k<iLevel; k++){
     int iIdxCur;
+    SrcItem *pRight;
+    assert( pWInfo->a[k].pWLoop->iTab == pWInfo->a[k].iFrom );
+    pRight = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pWInfo->a[k].iFrom];
     mAll |= pWInfo->a[k].pWLoop->maskSelf;
+    if( pRight->fg.viaCoroutine ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(
+          v, OP_Null, 0, pRight->regResult,
+          pRight->regResult + pRight->pSelect->pEList->nExpr-1
+      );
+    }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pWInfo->a[k].iTabCur);
     iIdxCur = pWInfo->a[k].iIdxCur;
     if( iIdxCur ){
@@ -158375,7 +161221,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE int exprMightBeIndexed2(
         if( pIdx->aiColumn[i]!=XN_EXPR ) continue;
         assert( pIdx->bHasExpr );
         if( sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pExpr,pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr,iCur)==0
-          && pExpr->op!=TK_STRING
+         && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0,pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr)
         ){
           aiCurCol[0] = iCur;
           aiCurCol[1] = XN_EXPR;
@@ -159024,6 +161870,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void SQLITE_NOINLINE sqlite3WhereAddLimit(WhereClause *pWC, Selec
         continue;
       }
       if( pWC->a[ii].leftCursor!=iCsr ) return;
+      if( pWC->a[ii].prereqRight!=0 ) return;
     }
 
     /* Check condition (5). Return early if it is not met. */
@@ -159038,12 +161885,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void SQLITE_NOINLINE sqlite3WhereAddLimit(WhereClause *pWC, Selec
 
     /* All conditions are met. Add the terms to the where-clause object. */
     assert( p->pLimit->op==TK_LIMIT );
-    whereAddLimitExpr(pWC, p->iLimit, p->pLimit->pLeft,
-                      iCsr, SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT);
-    if( p->iOffset>0 ){
+    if( p->iOffset!=0 && (p->selFlags & SF_Compound)==0 ){
       whereAddLimitExpr(pWC, p->iOffset, p->pLimit->pRight,
                         iCsr, SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET);
     }
+    if( p->iOffset==0 || (p->selFlags & SF_Compound)==0 ){
+      whereAddLimitExpr(pWC, p->iLimit, p->pLimit->pLeft,
+                        iCsr, SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT);
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -159562,6 +162411,42 @@ static Expr *whereRightSubexprIsColumn(Expr *p){
 }
 
 /*
+** Term pTerm is guaranteed to be a WO_IN term. It may be a component term
+** of a vector IN expression of the form "(x, y, ...) IN (SELECT ...)".
+** This function checks to see if the term is compatible with an index
+** column with affinity idxaff (one of the SQLITE_AFF_XYZ values). If so,
+** it returns a pointer to the name of the collation sequence (e.g. "BINARY"
+** or "NOCASE") used by the comparison in pTerm. If it is not compatible
+** with affinity idxaff, NULL is returned.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE const char *indexInAffinityOk(
+  Parse *pParse,
+  WhereTerm *pTerm,
+  u8 idxaff
+){
+  Expr *pX = pTerm->pExpr;
+  Expr inexpr;
+
+  assert( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
+
+  if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pX->pLeft) ){
+    int iField = pTerm->u.x.iField - 1;
+    inexpr.flags = 0;
+    inexpr.op = TK_EQ;
+    inexpr.pLeft = pX->pLeft->x.pList->a[iField].pExpr;
+    assert( ExprUseXSelect(pX) );
+    inexpr.pRight = pX->x.pSelect->pEList->a[iField].pExpr;
+    pX = &inexpr;
+  }
+
+  if( sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(pX, idxaff) ){
+    CollSeq *pRet = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX);
+    return pRet ? pRet->zName : sqlite3StrBINARY;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Advance to the next WhereTerm that matches according to the criteria
 ** established when the pScan object was initialized by whereScanInit().
 ** Return NULL if there are no more matching WhereTerms.
@@ -159611,16 +162496,24 @@ static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
           if( (pTerm->eOperator & pScan->opMask)!=0 ){
             /* Verify the affinity and collating sequence match */
             if( pScan->zCollName && (pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL)==0 ){
-              CollSeq *pColl;
+              const char *zCollName;
               Parse *pParse = pWC->pWInfo->pParse;
               pX = pTerm->pExpr;
-              if( !sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(pX, pScan->idxaff) ){
-                continue;
+
+              if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN) ){
+                zCollName = indexInAffinityOk(pParse, pTerm, pScan->idxaff);
+                if( !zCollName ) continue;
+              }else{
+                CollSeq *pColl;
+                if( !sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(pX, pScan->idxaff) ){
+                  continue;
+                }
+                assert(pX->pLeft);
+                pColl = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX);
+                zCollName = pColl ? pColl->zName : sqlite3StrBINARY;
               }
-              assert(pX->pLeft);
-              pColl = sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX);
-              if( pColl==0 ) pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
-              if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pScan->zCollName) ){
+
+              if( sqlite3StrICmp(zCollName, pScan->zCollName) ){
                 continue;
               }
             }
@@ -159937,12 +162830,22 @@ static void translateColumnToCopy(
   for(; iStart<iEnd; iStart++, pOp++){
     if( pOp->p1!=iTabCur ) continue;
     if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+      if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
+        printf("TRANSLATE OP_Column to OP_Copy at %d\n", iStart);
+      }
+#endif
       pOp->opcode = OP_Copy;
       pOp->p1 = pOp->p2 + iRegister;
       pOp->p2 = pOp->p3;
       pOp->p3 = 0;
       pOp->p5 = 2;  /* Cause the MEM_Subtype flag to be cleared */
     }else if( pOp->opcode==OP_Rowid ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+      if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
+        printf("TRANSLATE OP_Rowid to OP_Sequence at %d\n", iStart);
+      }
+#endif
       pOp->opcode = OP_Sequence;
       pOp->p1 = iAutoidxCur;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
@@ -159962,9 +162865,13 @@ static void translateColumnToCopy(
 ** are no-ops.
 */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
-static void whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(sqlite3_index_info *p){
+static void whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(
+  sqlite3_index_info *p,   /* The IndexInfo object */
+  Table *pTab              /* The TABLE that is the virtual table */
+){
   int i;
   if( (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x10)==0 ) return;
+  sqlite3DebugPrintf("sqlite3_index_info inputs for %s:\n", pTab->zName);
   for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
     sqlite3DebugPrintf(
        "  constraint[%d]: col=%d termid=%d op=%d usabled=%d collseq=%s\n",
@@ -159982,9 +162889,13 @@ static void whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(sqlite3_index_info *p){
        p->aOrderBy[i].desc);
   }
 }
-static void whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(sqlite3_index_info *p){
+static void whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(
+  sqlite3_index_info *p,   /* The IndexInfo object */
+  Table *pTab              /* The TABLE that is the virtual table */
+){
   int i;
   if( (sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x10)==0 ) return;
+  sqlite3DebugPrintf("sqlite3_index_info outputs for %s:\n", pTab->zName);
   for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
     sqlite3DebugPrintf("  usage[%d]: argvIdx=%d omit=%d\n",
        i,
@@ -159998,8 +162909,8 @@ static void whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(sqlite3_index_info *p){
   sqlite3DebugPrintf("  estimatedRows=%lld\n", p->estimatedRows);
 }
 #else
-#define whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(A)
-#define whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(A)
+#define whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(A,B)
+#define whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(A,B)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -160183,7 +163094,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void constructAutomaticIndex(
     ** WHERE clause (or the ON clause of a LEFT join) that constrain which
     ** rows of the target table (pSrc) that can be used. */
     if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)==0
-     && sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(pExpr, pTabList, pLevel->iFrom)
+     && sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(pExpr, pTabList, pLevel->iFrom, 0)
     ){
       pPartial = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse, pPartial,
                                 sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pExpr, 0));
@@ -160225,7 +163136,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void constructAutomaticIndex(
   ** if they go out of sync.
   */
   if( IsView(pTable) ){
-    extraCols = ALLBITS;
+    extraCols = ALLBITS & ~idxCols;
   }else{
     extraCols = pSrc->colUsed & (~idxCols | MASKBIT(BMS-1));
   }
@@ -160401,13 +163312,17 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ConstructBloomFilter(
   WhereLoop *pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;   /* The loop being coded */
   int iCur;                            /* Cursor for table getting the filter */
   IndexedExpr *saved_pIdxEpr;          /* saved copy of Parse.pIdxEpr */
+  IndexedExpr *saved_pIdxPartExpr;     /* saved copy of Parse.pIdxPartExpr */
 
   saved_pIdxEpr = pParse->pIdxEpr;
+  saved_pIdxPartExpr = pParse->pIdxPartExpr;
   pParse->pIdxEpr = 0;
+  pParse->pIdxPartExpr = 0;
 
   assert( pLoop!=0 );
   assert( v!=0 );
   assert( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BLOOMFILTER );
+  assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 );
 
   addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
   do{
@@ -160448,7 +163363,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ConstructBloomFilter(
     for(pTerm=pWInfo->sWC.a; pTerm<pWCEnd; pTerm++){
       Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
       if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)==0
-       && sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(pExpr, pTabList, iSrc)
+       && sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(pExpr, pTabList, iSrc, 0)
       ){
         sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTerm->pExpr, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       }
@@ -160497,6 +163412,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ConstructBloomFilter(
   }while( iLevel < pWInfo->nLevel );
   sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
   pParse->pIdxEpr = saved_pIdxEpr;
+  pParse->pIdxPartExpr = saved_pIdxPartExpr;
 }
 
 
@@ -160573,7 +163489,7 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
       Expr *pE2;
 
       /* Skip over constant terms in the ORDER BY clause */
-      if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ){
+      if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0, pExpr) ){
         continue;
       }
 
@@ -160608,7 +163524,7 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
     }
     if( i==n ){
       nOrderBy = n;
-      if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY) ){
+      if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY) && !pSrc->fg.rowidUsed ){
         eDistinct = 2 + ((pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_SORTBYGROUP)!=0);
       }else if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_GROUPBY ){
         eDistinct = 1;
@@ -160685,7 +163601,7 @@ static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
   pIdxInfo->nConstraint = j;
   for(i=j=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
     Expr *pExpr = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
-    if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ) continue;
+    if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0, pExpr) ) continue;
     assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
          || (pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE && pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
               && pExpr->iColumn==pExpr->pLeft->iColumn) );
@@ -160737,11 +163653,11 @@ static int vtabBestIndex(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, sqlite3_index_info *p){
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab = sqlite3GetVTable(pParse->db, pTab)->pVtab;
   int rc;
 
-  whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(p);
+  whereTraceIndexInfoInputs(p, pTab);
   pParse->db->nSchemaLock++;
   rc = pVtab->pModule->xBestIndex(pVtab, p);
   pParse->db->nSchemaLock--;
-  whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(p);
+  whereTraceIndexInfoOutputs(p, pTab);
 
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
     if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
@@ -161264,7 +164180,8 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
           ** sample, then assume they are 4x more selective.  This brings
           ** the estimated selectivity more in line with what it would be
           ** if estimated without the use of STAT4 tables. */
-          if( iLwrIdx==iUprIdx ) nNew -= 20;  assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
+          if( iLwrIdx==iUprIdx ){ nNew -= 20; }
+          assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
         }else{
           nNew = 10;        assert( 10==sqlite3LogEst(2) );
         }
@@ -161488,17 +164405,34 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereClausePrint(WhereClause *pWC){
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
 /*
 ** Print a WhereLoop object for debugging purposes
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(WhereLoop *p, WhereClause *pWC){
-  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pWC->pWInfo;
-  int nb = 1+(pWInfo->pTabList->nSrc+3)/4;
-  SrcItem *pItem = pWInfo->pTabList->a + p->iTab;
-  Table *pTab = pItem->pTab;
-  Bitmask mAll = (((Bitmask)1)<<(nb*4)) - 1;
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf("%c%2d.%0*llx.%0*llx", p->cId,
-                     p->iTab, nb, p->maskSelf, nb, p->prereq & mAll);
-  sqlite3DebugPrintf(" %12s",
-                     pItem->zAlias ? pItem->zAlias : pTab->zName);
+**
+** Format example:
+**
+**     .--- Position in WHERE clause           rSetup, rRun, nOut ---.
+**     |                                                             |
+**     |  .--- selfMask                       nTerm ------.          |
+**     |  |                                               |          |
+**     |  |   .-- prereq    Idx          wsFlags----.     |          |
+**     |  |   |             Name                    |     |          |
+**     |  |   |           __|__        nEq ---.  ___|__   |        __|__
+**     | / \ / \         /     \              | /      \ / \      /     \
+**     1.002.001         t2.t2xy              2 f 010241 N 2 cost 0,56,31
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(const WhereLoop *p, const WhereClause *pWC){
+  if( pWC ){
+    WhereInfo *pWInfo = pWC->pWInfo;
+    int nb = 1+(pWInfo->pTabList->nSrc+3)/4;
+    SrcItem *pItem = pWInfo->pTabList->a + p->iTab;
+    Table *pTab = pItem->pTab;
+    Bitmask mAll = (((Bitmask)1)<<(nb*4)) - 1;
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%c%2d.%0*llx.%0*llx", p->cId,
+                       p->iTab, nb, p->maskSelf, nb, p->prereq & mAll);
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf(" %12s",
+                       pItem->zAlias ? pItem->zAlias : pTab->zName);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%c%2d.%03llx.%03llx %c%d",
+         p->cId, p->iTab, p->maskSelf, p->prereq & 0xfff, p->cId, p->iTab);
+  }
   if( (p->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 ){
     const char *zName;
     if( p->u.btree.pIndex && (zName = p->u.btree.pIndex->zName)!=0 ){
@@ -161535,6 +164469,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(WhereLoop *p, WhereClause *pWC){
     }
   }
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowWhereLoop(const WhereLoop *p){
+  if( p ) sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(p, 0);
+}
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ShowWhereLoopList(const WhereLoop *p){
+  while( p ){
+    sqlite3ShowWhereLoop(p);
+    p = p->pNextLoop;
+  }
+}
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -161647,46 +164590,60 @@ static void whereInfoFree(sqlite3 *db, WhereInfo *pWInfo){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return TRUE if all of the following are true:
+** Return TRUE if X is a proper subset of Y but is of equal or less cost.
+** In other words, return true if all constraints of X are also part of Y
+** and Y has additional constraints that might speed the search that X lacks
+** but the cost of running X is not more than the cost of running Y.
+**
+** In other words, return true if the cost relationwship between X and Y
+** is inverted and needs to be adjusted.
+**
+** Case 1:
 **
-**   (1)  X has the same or lower cost, or returns the same or fewer rows,
-**        than Y.
-**   (2)  X uses fewer WHERE clause terms than Y
-**   (3)  Every WHERE clause term used by X is also used by Y
-**   (4)  X skips at least as many columns as Y
-**   (5)  If X is a covering index, than Y is too
+**   (1a)  X and Y use the same index.
+**   (1b)  X has fewer == terms than Y
+**   (1c)  Neither X nor Y use skip-scan
+**   (1d)  X does not have a a greater cost than Y
 **
-** Conditions (2) and (3) mean that X is a "proper subset" of Y.
-** If X is a proper subset of Y then Y is a better choice and ought
-** to have a lower cost.  This routine returns TRUE when that cost
-** relationship is inverted and needs to be adjusted.  Constraint (4)
-** was added because if X uses skip-scan less than Y it still might
-** deserve a lower cost even if it is a proper subset of Y.  Constraint (5)
-** was added because a covering index probably deserves to have a lower cost
-** than a non-covering index even if it is a proper subset.
+** Case 2:
+**
+**   (2a)  X has the same or lower cost, or returns the same or fewer rows,
+**         than Y.
+**   (2b)  X uses fewer WHERE clause terms than Y
+**   (2c)  Every WHERE clause term used by X is also used by Y
+**   (2d)  X skips at least as many columns as Y
+**   (2e)  If X is a covering index, than Y is too
 */
 static int whereLoopCheaperProperSubset(
   const WhereLoop *pX,       /* First WhereLoop to compare */
   const WhereLoop *pY        /* Compare against this WhereLoop */
 ){
   int i, j;
+  if( pX->rRun>pY->rRun && pX->nOut>pY->nOut ) return 0; /* (1d) and (2a) */
+  assert( (pX->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
+  assert( (pY->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
+  if( pX->u.btree.nEq < pY->u.btree.nEq                  /* (1b) */
+   && pX->u.btree.pIndex==pY->u.btree.pIndex             /* (1a) */
+   && pX->nSkip==0 && pY->nSkip==0                       /* (1c) */
+  ){
+    return 1;  /* Case 1 is true */
+  }
   if( pX->nLTerm-pX->nSkip >= pY->nLTerm-pY->nSkip ){
-    return 0; /* X is not a subset of Y */
+    return 0;                                            /* (2b) */
   }
-  if( pX->rRun>pY->rRun && pX->nOut>pY->nOut ) return 0;
-  if( pY->nSkip > pX->nSkip ) return 0;
+  if( pY->nSkip > pX->nSkip ) return 0;                  /* (2d) */
   for(i=pX->nLTerm-1; i>=0; i--){
     if( pX->aLTerm[i]==0 ) continue;
     for(j=pY->nLTerm-1; j>=0; j--){
       if( pY->aLTerm[j]==pX->aLTerm[i] ) break;
     }
-    if( j<0 ) return 0;  /* X not a subset of Y since term X[i] not used by Y */
+    if( j<0 ) return 0;                                  /* (2c) */
   }
   if( (pX->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0
    && (pY->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
-    return 0;  /* Constraint (5) */
+    return 0;                                            /* (2e) */
   }
-  return 1;  /* All conditions meet */
+  return 1;  /* Case 2 is true */
 }
 
 /*
@@ -162176,7 +165133,12 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
     assert( pNew->u.btree.nBtm==0 );
     opMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_ISNULL|WO_IS;
   }
-  if( pProbe->bUnordered ) opMask &= ~(WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE);
+  if( pProbe->bUnordered || pProbe->bLowQual ){
+    if( pProbe->bUnordered ) opMask &= ~(WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE);
+    if( pProbe->bLowQual && pSrc->fg.isIndexedBy==0 ){
+      opMask &= ~(WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_IS);
+    }
+  }
 
   assert( pNew->u.btree.nEq<pProbe->nColumn );
   assert( pNew->u.btree.nEq<pProbe->nKeyCol
@@ -162442,10 +165404,13 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
       }
     }
 
-    /* Set rCostIdx to the cost of visiting selected rows in index. Add
-    ** it to pNew->rRun, which is currently set to the cost of the index
-    ** seek only. Then, if this is a non-covering index, add the cost of
-    ** visiting the rows in the main table.  */
+    /* Set rCostIdx to the estimated cost of visiting selected rows in the
+    ** index.  The estimate is the sum of two values:
+    **   1.  The cost of doing one search-by-key to find the first matching
+    **       entry
+    **   2.  Stepping forward in the index pNew->nOut times to find all
+    **       additional matching entries.
+    */
     assert( pSrc->pTab->szTabRow>0 );
     if( pProbe->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK ){
       /* The pProbe->szIdxRow is low for an IPK table since the interior
@@ -162456,7 +165421,15 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
     }else{
       rCostIdx = pNew->nOut + 1 + (15*pProbe->szIdxRow)/pSrc->pTab->szTabRow;
     }
-    pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rLogSize, rCostIdx);
+    rCostIdx = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rLogSize, rCostIdx);
+
+    /* Estimate the cost of running the loop.  If all data is coming
+    ** from the index, then this is just the cost of doing the index
+    ** lookup and scan.  But if some data is coming out of the main table,
+    ** we also have to add in the cost of doing pNew->nOut searches to
+    ** locate the row in the main table that corresponds to the index entry.
+    */
+    pNew->rRun = rCostIdx;
     if( (pNew->wsFlags & (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_IPK|WHERE_EXPRIDX))==0 ){
       pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(pNew->rRun, pNew->nOut + 16);
     }
@@ -162562,7 +165535,9 @@ static int indexMightHelpWithOrderBy(
   for(ii=0; ii<pOB->nExpr; ii++){
     Expr *pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pOB->a[ii].pExpr);
     if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) continue;
-    if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iTable==iCursor ){
+    if( (pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN)
+     && pExpr->iTable==iCursor
+    ){
       if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ) return 1;
       for(jj=0; jj<pIndex->nKeyCol; jj++){
         if( pExpr->iColumn==pIndex->aiColumn[jj] ) return 1;
@@ -162757,6 +165732,100 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE u32 whereIsCoveringIndex(
 }
 
 /*
+** This is an sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() callback that is invoked to
+** free the Parse->pIdxEpr list when the Parse object is destroyed.
+*/
+static void whereIndexedExprCleanup(sqlite3 *db, void *pObject){
+  IndexedExpr **pp = (IndexedExpr**)pObject;
+  while( *pp!=0 ){
+    IndexedExpr *p = *pp;
+    *pp = p->pIENext;
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pExpr);
+    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is called for a partial index - one with a WHERE clause - in
+** two scenarios. In both cases, it determines whether or not the WHERE
+** clause on the index implies that a column of the table may be safely
+** replaced by a constant expression. For example, in the following
+** SELECT:
+**
+**   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(b, c) WHERE a=<expr>;
+**   SELECT a, b, c FROM t1 WHERE a=<expr> AND b=?;
+**
+** The "a" in the select-list may be replaced by <expr>, iff:
+**
+**    (a) <expr> is a constant expression, and
+**    (b) The (a=<expr>) comparison uses the BINARY collation sequence, and
+**    (c) Column "a" has an affinity other than NONE or BLOB.
+**
+** If argument pItem is NULL, then pMask must not be NULL. In this case this
+** function is being called as part of determining whether or not pIdx
+** is a covering index. This function clears any bits in (*pMask)
+** corresponding to columns that may be replaced by constants as described
+** above.
+**
+** Otherwise, if pItem is not NULL, then this function is being called
+** as part of coding a loop that uses index pIdx. In this case, add entries
+** to the Parse.pIdxPartExpr list for each column that can be replaced
+** by a constant.
+*/
+static void wherePartIdxExpr(
+  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
+  Index *pIdx,                    /* Partial index being processed */
+  Expr *pPart,                    /* WHERE clause being processed */
+  Bitmask *pMask,                 /* Mask to clear bits in */
+  int iIdxCur,                    /* Cursor number for index */
+  SrcItem *pItem                  /* The FROM clause entry for the table */
+){
+  assert( pItem==0 || (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 );
+  assert( (pItem==0 || pMask==0) && (pMask!=0 || pItem!=0) );
+
+  if( pPart->op==TK_AND ){
+    wherePartIdxExpr(pParse, pIdx, pPart->pRight, pMask, iIdxCur, pItem);
+    pPart = pPart->pLeft;
+  }
+
+  if( (pPart->op==TK_EQ || pPart->op==TK_IS) ){
+    Expr *pLeft = pPart->pLeft;
+    Expr *pRight = pPart->pRight;
+    u8 aff;
+
+    if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return;
+    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0, pRight) ) return;
+    if( !sqlite3IsBinary(sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pPart)) ) return;
+    if( pLeft->iColumn<0 ) return;
+    aff = pIdx->pTable->aCol[pLeft->iColumn].affinity;
+    if( aff>=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
+      if( pItem ){
+        sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+        IndexedExpr *p = (IndexedExpr*)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*p));
+        if( p ){
+          int bNullRow = (pItem->fg.jointype&(JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))!=0;
+          p->pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0);
+          p->iDataCur = pItem->iCursor;
+          p->iIdxCur = iIdxCur;
+          p->iIdxCol = pLeft->iColumn;
+          p->bMaybeNullRow = bNullRow;
+          p->pIENext = pParse->pIdxPartExpr;
+          p->aff = aff;
+          pParse->pIdxPartExpr = p;
+          if( p->pIENext==0 ){
+            void *pArg = (void*)&pParse->pIdxPartExpr;
+            sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, whereIndexedExprCleanup, pArg);
+          }
+        }
+      }else if( pLeft->iColumn<(BMS-1) ){
+        *pMask &= ~((Bitmask)1 << pLeft->iColumn);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Add all WhereLoop objects for a single table of the join where the table
 ** is identified by pBuilder->pNew->iTab.  That table is guaranteed to be
 ** a b-tree table, not a virtual table.
@@ -162959,9 +166028,6 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
 #else
       pNew->rRun = rSize + 16;
 #endif
-      if( IsView(pTab) || (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)!=0 ){
-        pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_VIEWSCAN;
-      }
       ApplyCostMultiplier(pNew->rRun, pTab->costMult);
       whereLoopOutputAdjust(pWC, pNew, rSize);
       rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
@@ -162974,6 +166040,11 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
         pNew->wsFlags = WHERE_IDX_ONLY | WHERE_INDEXED;
       }else{
         m = pSrc->colUsed & pProbe->colNotIdxed;
+        if( pProbe->pPartIdxWhere ){
+          wherePartIdxExpr(
+              pWInfo->pParse, pProbe, pProbe->pPartIdxWhere, &m, 0, 0
+          );
+        }
         pNew->wsFlags = WHERE_INDEXED;
         if( m==TOPBIT || (pProbe->bHasExpr && !pProbe->bHasVCol && m!=0) ){
           u32 isCov = whereIsCoveringIndex(pWInfo, pProbe, pSrc->iCursor);
@@ -163072,7 +166143,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
       ** unique index is used (making the index functionally non-unique)
       ** then the sqlite_stat1 data becomes important for scoring the
       ** plan */
-      pTab->tabFlags |= TF_StatsUsed;
+      pTab->tabFlags |= TF_MaybeReanalyze;
     }
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
     sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(pBuilder->pRec);
@@ -163095,6 +166166,21 @@ static int isLimitTerm(WhereTerm *pTerm){
 }
 
 /*
+** Return true if the first nCons constraints in the pUsage array are
+** marked as in-use (have argvIndex>0). False otherwise.
+*/
+static int allConstraintsUsed(
+  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage *aUsage,
+  int nCons
+){
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<nCons; ii++){
+    if( aUsage[ii].argvIndex<=0 ) return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Argument pIdxInfo is already populated with all constraints that may
 ** be used by the virtual table identified by pBuilder->pNew->iTab. This
 ** function marks a subset of those constraints usable, invokes the
@@ -163234,13 +166320,20 @@ static int whereLoopAddVirtualOne(
         *pbIn = 1; assert( (mExclude & WO_IN)==0 );
       }
 
+      /* Unless pbRetryLimit is non-NULL, there should be no LIMIT/OFFSET
+      ** terms. And if there are any, they should follow all other terms. */
       assert( pbRetryLimit || !isLimitTerm(pTerm) );
-      if( isLimitTerm(pTerm) && *pbIn ){
+      assert( !isLimitTerm(pTerm) || i>=nConstraint-2 );
+      assert( !isLimitTerm(pTerm) || i==nConstraint-1 || isLimitTerm(pTerm+1) );
+
+      if( isLimitTerm(pTerm) && (*pbIn || !allConstraintsUsed(pUsage, i)) ){
         /* If there is an IN(...) term handled as an == (separate call to
         ** xFilter for each value on the RHS of the IN) and a LIMIT or
-        ** OFFSET term handled as well, the plan is unusable. Set output
-        ** variable *pbRetryLimit to true to tell the caller to retry with
-        ** LIMIT and OFFSET disabled. */
+        ** OFFSET term handled as well, the plan is unusable. Similarly,
+        ** if there is a LIMIT/OFFSET and there are other unused terms,
+        ** the plan cannot be used. In these cases set variable *pbRetryLimit
+        ** to true to tell the caller to retry with LIMIT and OFFSET
+        ** disabled. */
         if( pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr ){
           sqlite3_free(pIdxInfo->idxStr);
           pIdxInfo->idxStr = 0;
@@ -163356,7 +166449,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(
   sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   if( iCons<0 || iCons>=pIdxInfo->nConstraint ){
-    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE; /* EV: R-30545-25046 */
+    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT; /* EV: R-30545-25046 */
   }else{
     if( pH->aRhs[iCons]==0 ){
       WhereTerm *pTerm = &pH->pWC->a[pIdxInfo->aConstraint[iCons].iTermOffset];
@@ -164097,7 +167190,7 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
         if( MASKBIT(i) & obSat ) continue;
         p = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
         mTerm = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(&pWInfo->sMaskSet,p);
-        if( mTerm==0 && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(p) ) continue;
+        if( mTerm==0 && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0,p) ) continue;
         if( (mTerm&~orderDistinctMask)==0 ){
           obSat |= MASKBIT(i);
         }
@@ -164380,14 +167473,6 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
           rUnsorted -= 2;  /* TUNING:  Slight bias in favor of no-sort plans */
         }
 
-        /* TUNING:  A full-scan of a VIEW or subquery in the outer loop
-        ** is not so bad. */
-        if( iLoop==0 && (pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIEWSCAN)!=0 && nLoop>1 ){
-          rCost += -10;
-          nOut += -30;
-          WHERETRACE(0x80,("VIEWSCAN cost reduction for %c\n",pWLoop->cId));
-        }
-
         /* Check to see if pWLoop should be added to the set of
         ** mxChoice best-so-far paths.
         **
@@ -164574,10 +167659,9 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
       if( pFrom->isOrdered==pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr ){
         pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED;
       }
-      if( pWInfo->pSelect->pOrderBy
-       && pWInfo->nOBSat > pWInfo->pSelect->pOrderBy->nExpr ){
-        pWInfo->nOBSat = pWInfo->pSelect->pOrderBy->nExpr;
-      }
+      /* vvv--- See check-in [12ad822d9b827777] on 2023-03-16 ---vvv */
+      assert( pWInfo->pSelect->pOrderBy==0
+           || pWInfo->nOBSat <= pWInfo->pSelect->pOrderBy->nExpr );
     }else{
       pWInfo->revMask = pFrom->revLoop;
       if( pWInfo->nOBSat<=0 ){
@@ -164620,7 +167704,6 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
     }
   }
 
-
   pWInfo->nRowOut = pFrom->nRow;
 
   /* Free temporary memory and return success */
@@ -164629,6 +167712,83 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
 }
 
 /*
+** This routine implements a heuristic designed to improve query planning.
+** This routine is called in between the first and second call to
+** wherePathSolver().  Hence the name "Interstage" "Heuristic".
+**
+** The first call to wherePathSolver() (hereafter just "solver()") computes
+** the best path without regard to the order of the outputs.  The second call
+** to the solver() builds upon the first call to try to find an alternative
+** path that satisfies the ORDER BY clause.
+**
+** This routine looks at the results of the first solver() run, and for
+** every FROM clause term in the resulting query plan that uses an equality
+** constraint against an index, disable other WhereLoops for that same
+** FROM clause term that would try to do a full-table scan.  This prevents
+** an index search from being converted into a full-table scan in order to
+** satisfy an ORDER BY clause, since even though we might get slightly better
+** performance using the full-scan without sorting if the output size
+** estimates are very precise, we might also get severe performance
+** degradation using the full-scan if the output size estimate is too large.
+** It is better to err on the side of caution.
+**
+** Except, if the first solver() call generated a full-table scan in an outer
+** loop then stop this analysis at the first full-scan, since the second
+** solver() run might try to swap that full-scan for another in order to
+** get the output into the correct order.  In other words, we allow a
+** rewrite like this:
+**
+**     First Solver()                      Second Solver()
+**       |-- SCAN t1                         |-- SCAN t2
+**       |-- SEARCH t2                       `-- SEARCH t1
+**       `-- SORT USING B-TREE
+**
+** The purpose of this routine is to disallow rewrites such as:
+**
+**     First Solver()                      Second Solver()
+**       |-- SEARCH t1                       |-- SCAN t2     <--- bad!
+**       |-- SEARCH t2                       `-- SEARCH t1
+**       `-- SORT USING B-TREE
+**
+** See test cases in test/whereN.test for the real-world query that
+** originally provoked this heuristic.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE void whereInterstageHeuristic(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
+  int i;
+#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
+  int once = 0;
+#endif
+  for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
+    WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->a[i].pWLoop;
+    if( p==0 ) break;
+    if( (p->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ) continue;
+    if( (p->wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_COLUMN_NULL|WHERE_COLUMN_IN))!=0 ){
+      u8 iTab = p->iTab;
+      WhereLoop *pLoop;
+      for(pLoop=pWInfo->pLoops; pLoop; pLoop=pLoop->pNextLoop){
+        if( pLoop->iTab!=iTab ) continue;
+        if( (pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_CONSTRAINT|WHERE_AUTO_INDEX))!=0 ){
+          /* Auto-index and index-constrained loops allowed to remain */
+          continue;
+        }
+#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
+        if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x80 ){
+          if( once==0 ){
+            sqlite3DebugPrintf("Loops disabled by interstage heuristic:\n");
+            once = 1;
+          }
+          sqlite3WhereLoopPrint(pLoop, &pWInfo->sWC);
+        }
+#endif /* WHERETRACE_ENABLED */
+        pLoop->prereq = ALLBITS;  /* Prevent 2nd solver() from using this one */
+      }
+    }else{
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
 ** Most queries use only a single table (they are not joins) and have
 ** simple == constraints against indexed fields.  This routine attempts
 ** to plan those simple cases using much less ceremony than the
@@ -164916,7 +168076,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void whereCheckIfBloomFilterIsUseful(
     SrcItem *pItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab];
     Table *pTab = pItem->pTab;
     if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasStat1)==0 ) break;
-    pTab->tabFlags |= TF_StatsUsed;
+    pTab->tabFlags |= TF_MaybeReanalyze;
     if( i>=1
      && (pLoop->wsFlags & reqFlags)==reqFlags
      /* vvvvvv--- Always the case if WHERE_COLUMN_EQ is defined */
@@ -164938,17 +168098,55 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void whereCheckIfBloomFilterIsUseful(
 }
 
 /*
-** This is an sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() callback that is invoked to
-** free the Parse->pIdxEpr list when the Parse object is destroyed.
+** Expression Node callback for sqlite3ExprCanReturnSubtype().
+**
+** Only a function call is able to return a subtype.  So if the node
+** is not a function call, return WRC_Prune immediately.
+**
+** A function call is able to return a subtype if it has the
+** SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE property.
+**
+** Assume that every function is able to pass-through a subtype from
+** one of its argument (using sqlite3_result_value()).  Most functions
+** are not this way, but we don't have a mechanism to distinguish those
+** that are from those that are not, so assume they all work this way.
+** That means that if one of its arguments is another function and that
+** other function is able to return a subtype, then this function is
+** able to return a subtype.
 */
-static void whereIndexedExprCleanup(sqlite3 *db, void *pObject){
-  Parse *pParse = (Parse*)pObject;
-  while( pParse->pIdxEpr!=0 ){
-    IndexedExpr *p = pParse->pIdxEpr;
-    pParse->pIdxEpr = p->pIENext;
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pExpr);
-    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
+static int exprNodeCanReturnSubtype(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  int n;
+  FuncDef *pDef;
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION ){
+    return WRC_Prune;
   }
+  assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
+  db = pWalker->pParse->db;
+  n = pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0;
+  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, n, ENC(db), 0);
+  if( pDef==0 || (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE)!=0 ){
+    pWalker->eCode = 1;
+    return WRC_Prune;
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if expression pExpr is able to return a subtype.
+**
+** A TRUE return does not guarantee that a subtype will be returned.
+** It only indicates that a subtype return is possible.  False positives
+** are acceptable as they only disable an optimization.  False negatives,
+** on the other hand, can lead to incorrect answers.
+*/
+static int sqlite3ExprCanReturnSubtype(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  Walker w;
+  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+  w.pParse = pParse;
+  w.xExprCallback = exprNodeCanReturnSubtype;
+  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
+  return w.eCode;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -164976,20 +168174,20 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void whereAddIndexedExpr(
   for(i=0; i<pIdx->nColumn; i++){
     Expr *pExpr;
     int j = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-    int bMaybeNullRow;
     if( j==XN_EXPR ){
       pExpr = pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr;
-      testcase( pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT );
-      testcase( pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT );
-      testcase( pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_LTORJ );
-      bMaybeNullRow = (pTabItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ|JT_RIGHT))!=0;
     }else if( j>=0 && (pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0 ){
       pExpr = sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab, &pTab->aCol[j]);
-      bMaybeNullRow = 0;
     }else{
       continue;
     }
-    if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ) continue;
+    if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0,pExpr) ) continue;
+    if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION && sqlite3ExprCanReturnSubtype(pParse,pExpr) ){
+      /* Functions that might set a subtype should not be replaced by the
+      ** value taken from an expression index since the index omits the
+      ** subtype.  https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/68d284c86b082c3e */
+      continue;
+    }
     p = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db,  sizeof(IndexedExpr));
     if( p==0 ) break;
     p->pIENext = pParse->pIdxEpr;
@@ -165003,7 +168201,7 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void whereAddIndexedExpr(
     p->iDataCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
     p->iIdxCur = iIdxCur;
     p->iIdxCol = i;
-    p->bMaybeNullRow = bMaybeNullRow;
+    p->bMaybeNullRow = (pTabItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ|JT_RIGHT))!=0;
     if( sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db, pIdx) ){
       p->aff = pIdx->zColAff[i];
     }
@@ -165012,7 +168210,8 @@ static SQLITE_NOINLINE void whereAddIndexedExpr(
 #endif
     pParse->pIdxEpr = p;
     if( p->pIENext==0 ){
-      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, whereIndexedExprCleanup, pParse);
+      void *pArg = (void*)&pParse->pIdxEpr;
+      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, whereIndexedExprCleanup, pArg);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -165167,7 +168366,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
 
   /* An ORDER/GROUP BY clause of more than 63 terms cannot be optimized */
   testcase( pOrderBy && pOrderBy->nExpr==BMS-1 );
-  if( pOrderBy && pOrderBy->nExpr>=BMS ) pOrderBy = 0;
+  if( pOrderBy && pOrderBy->nExpr>=BMS ){
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    wctrlFlags &= ~WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT;
+  }
 
   /* The number of tables in the FROM clause is limited by the number of
   ** bits in a Bitmask
@@ -165192,7 +168394,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   ** field (type Bitmask) it must be aligned on an 8-byte boundary on
   ** some architectures. Hence the ROUND8() below.
   */
-  nByteWInfo = ROUND8P(sizeof(WhereInfo)+(nTabList-1)*sizeof(WhereLevel));
+  nByteWInfo = ROUND8P(sizeof(WhereInfo));
+  if( nTabList>1 ){
+    nByteWInfo = ROUND8P(nByteWInfo + (nTabList-1)*sizeof(WhereLevel));
+  }
   pWInfo = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, nByteWInfo + sizeof(WhereLoop));
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pWInfo);
@@ -165246,7 +168451,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
     ){
       pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
     }
-    ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "SCAN CONSTANT ROW"));
+    if( ALWAYS(pWInfo->pSelect)
+     && (pWInfo->pSelect->selFlags & SF_MultiValue)==0
+    ){
+      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "SCAN CONSTANT ROW"));
+    }
   }else{
     /* Assign a bit from the bitmask to every term in the FROM clause.
     **
@@ -165399,9 +168608,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
     wherePathSolver(pWInfo, 0);
     if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;
     if( pWInfo->pOrderBy ){
+       whereInterstageHeuristic(pWInfo);
        wherePathSolver(pWInfo, pWInfo->nRowOut+1);
        if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;
     }
+
+    /* TUNING:  Assume that a DISTINCT clause on a subquery reduces
+    ** the output size by a factor of 8 (LogEst -30).
+    */
+    if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT)!=0 ){
+      WHERETRACE(0x0080,("nRowOut reduced from %d to %d due to DISTINCT\n",
+                         pWInfo->nRowOut, pWInfo->nRowOut-30));
+      pWInfo->nRowOut -= 30;
+    }
+
   }
   assert( pWInfo->pTabList!=0 );
   if( pWInfo->pOrderBy==0 && (db->flags & SQLITE_ReverseOrder)!=0 ){
@@ -165614,6 +168834,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
         if( pIx->bHasExpr && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_IndexedExpr) ){
           whereAddIndexedExpr(pParse, pIx, iIndexCur, pTabItem);
         }
+        if( pIx->pPartIdxWhere && (pTabItem->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 ){
+          wherePartIdxExpr(
+              pParse, pIx, pIx->pPartIdxWhere, 0, iIndexCur, pTabItem
+          );
+        }
       }
       pLevel->iIdxCur = iIndexCur;
       assert( pIx!=0 );
@@ -165739,6 +168964,11 @@ whereBeginError:
     pParse->nQueryLoop = pWInfo->savedNQueryLoop;
     whereInfoFree(db, pWInfo);
   }
+#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
+  /* Prevent harmless compiler warnings about debugging routines
+  ** being declared but never used */
+  sqlite3ShowWhereLoopList(0);
+#endif /* WHERETRACE_ENABLED */
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -165928,7 +169158,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
       addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, pLevel->iLeftJoin); VdbeCoverage(v);
       assert( (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 || (ws & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 );
       if( (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
-        assert( pLevel->iTabCur==pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom].iCursor );
+        SrcItem *pSrc = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
+        assert( pLevel->iTabCur==pSrc->iCursor );
+        if( pSrc->fg.viaCoroutine ){
+          int m, n;
+          n = pSrc->regResult;
+          assert( pSrc->pTab!=0 );
+          m = pSrc->pTab->nCol;
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, n, n+m-1);
+        }
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pLevel->iTabCur);
       }
       if( (ws & WHERE_INDEXED)
@@ -165978,6 +169216,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
     */
     if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
       testcase( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+      assert( pTabItem->regResult>=0 );
       translateColumnToCopy(pParse, pLevel->addrBody, pLevel->iTabCur,
                             pTabItem->regResult, 0);
       continue;
@@ -167156,7 +170395,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
       assert( ExprUseXList(pWin->pOwner) );
       assert( pWin->pWFunc!=0 );
       pArgs = pWin->pOwner->x.pList;
-      if( pWin->pWFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE ){
+      if( pWin->pWFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_SUBTYPE ){
         selectWindowRewriteEList(pParse, pMWin, pSrc, pArgs, pTab, &pSublist);
         pWin->iArgCol = (pSublist ? pSublist->nExpr : 0);
         pWin->bExprArgs = 1;
@@ -167282,7 +170521,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p){
 ** variable values in the expression tree.
 */
 static Expr *sqlite3WindowOffsetExpr(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
-  if( 0==sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ){
+  if( 0==sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0,pExpr) ){
     if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ) sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(pParse, pExpr);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr);
     pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_NULL, 0, 0);
@@ -167430,8 +170669,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, Window *pWin){
   if( p ){
     assert( p->op==TK_FUNCTION );
     assert( pWin );
+    assert( ExprIsFullSize(p) );
     p->y.pWin = pWin;
-    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_WinFunc);
+    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_WinFunc|EP_FullSize);
     pWin->pOwner = p;
     if( (p->flags & EP_Distinct) && pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
@@ -169373,6 +172613,14 @@ static void updateDeleteLimitError(
     return pSelect;
   }
 
+  /* Memory allocator for parser stack resizing.  This is a thin wrapper around
+  ** sqlite3_realloc() that includes a call to sqlite3FaultSim() to facilitate
+  ** testing.
+  */
+  static void *parserStackRealloc(void *pOld, sqlite3_uint64 newSize){
+    return sqlite3FaultSim(700) ? 0 : sqlite3_realloc(pOld, newSize);
+  }
+
 
   /* Construct a new Expr object from a single token */
   static Expr *tokenExpr(Parse *pParse, int op, Token t){
@@ -169622,8 +172870,8 @@ static void updateDeleteLimitError(
 #define TK_TRUEFALSE                      170
 #define TK_ISNOT                          171
 #define TK_FUNCTION                       172
-#define TK_UMINUS                         173
-#define TK_UPLUS                          174
+#define TK_UPLUS                          173
+#define TK_UMINUS                         174
 #define TK_TRUTH                          175
 #define TK_REGISTER                       176
 #define TK_VECTOR                         177
@@ -169632,8 +172880,9 @@ static void updateDeleteLimitError(
 #define TK_ASTERISK                       180
 #define TK_SPAN                           181
 #define TK_ERROR                          182
-#define TK_SPACE                          183
-#define TK_ILLEGAL                        184
+#define TK_QNUMBER                        183
+#define TK_SPACE                          184
+#define TK_ILLEGAL                        185
 #endif
 /**************** End token definitions ***************************************/
 
@@ -169674,6 +172923,9 @@ static void updateDeleteLimitError(
 **    sqlite3ParserARG_STORE     Code to store %extra_argument into yypParser
 **    sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH     Code to extract %extra_argument from yypParser
 **    sqlite3ParserCTX_*         As sqlite3ParserARG_ except for %extra_context
+**    YYREALLOC          Name of the realloc() function to use
+**    YYFREE             Name of the free() function to use
+**    YYDYNSTACK         True if stack space should be extended on heap
 **    YYERRORSYMBOL      is the code number of the error symbol.  If not
 **                       defined, then do no error processing.
 **    YYNSTATE           the combined number of states.
@@ -169687,37 +172939,39 @@ static void updateDeleteLimitError(
 **    YY_NO_ACTION       The yy_action[] code for no-op
 **    YY_MIN_REDUCE      Minimum value for reduce actions
 **    YY_MAX_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
+**    YY_MIN_DSTRCTR     Minimum symbol value that has a destructor
+**    YY_MAX_DSTRCTR     Maximum symbol value that has a destructor
 */
 #ifndef INTERFACE
 # define INTERFACE 1
 #endif
 /************* Begin control #defines *****************************************/
 #define YYCODETYPE unsigned short int
-#define YYNOCODE 319
+#define YYNOCODE 322
 #define YYACTIONTYPE unsigned short int
 #define YYWILDCARD 101
 #define sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE Token
 typedef union {
   int yyinit;
   sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE yy0;
-  TriggerStep* yy33;
-  Window* yy41;
-  Select* yy47;
-  SrcList* yy131;
-  struct TrigEvent yy180;
-  struct {int value; int mask;} yy231;
-  IdList* yy254;
-  u32 yy285;
-  ExprList* yy322;
-  Cte* yy385;
-  int yy394;
-  Upsert* yy444;
-  u8 yy516;
-  With* yy521;
-  const char* yy522;
-  Expr* yy528;
-  OnOrUsing yy561;
-  struct FrameBound yy595;
+  ExprList* yy14;
+  With* yy59;
+  Cte* yy67;
+  Upsert* yy122;
+  IdList* yy132;
+  int yy144;
+  const char* yy168;
+  SrcList* yy203;
+  Window* yy211;
+  OnOrUsing yy269;
+  struct TrigEvent yy286;
+  struct {int value; int mask;} yy383;
+  u32 yy391;
+  TriggerStep* yy427;
+  Expr* yy454;
+  u8 yy462;
+  struct FrameBound yy509;
+  Select* yy555;
 } YYMINORTYPE;
 #ifndef YYSTACKDEPTH
 #define YYSTACKDEPTH 100
@@ -169727,24 +172981,29 @@ typedef union {
 #define sqlite3ParserARG_PARAM
 #define sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH
 #define sqlite3ParserARG_STORE
+#define YYREALLOC parserStackRealloc
+#define YYFREE sqlite3_free
+#define YYDYNSTACK 1
 #define sqlite3ParserCTX_SDECL Parse *pParse;
 #define sqlite3ParserCTX_PDECL ,Parse *pParse
 #define sqlite3ParserCTX_PARAM ,pParse
 #define sqlite3ParserCTX_FETCH Parse *pParse=yypParser->pParse;
 #define sqlite3ParserCTX_STORE yypParser->pParse=pParse;
 #define YYFALLBACK 1
-#define YYNSTATE             575
-#define YYNRULE              403
-#define YYNRULE_WITH_ACTION  338
-#define YYNTOKEN             185
-#define YY_MAX_SHIFT         574
-#define YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   833
-#define YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   1235
-#define YY_ERROR_ACTION      1236
-#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     1237
-#define YY_NO_ACTION         1238
-#define YY_MIN_REDUCE        1239
-#define YY_MAX_REDUCE        1641
+#define YYNSTATE             583
+#define YYNRULE              409
+#define YYNRULE_WITH_ACTION  344
+#define YYNTOKEN             186
+#define YY_MAX_SHIFT         582
+#define YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   845
+#define YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   1253
+#define YY_ERROR_ACTION      1254
+#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     1255
+#define YY_NO_ACTION         1256
+#define YY_MIN_REDUCE        1257
+#define YY_MAX_REDUCE        1665
+#define YY_MIN_DSTRCTR       205
+#define YY_MAX_DSTRCTR       319
 /************* End control #defines *******************************************/
 #define YY_NLOOKAHEAD ((int)(sizeof(yy_lookahead)/sizeof(yy_lookahead[0])))
 
@@ -169760,6 +173019,22 @@ typedef union {
 # define yytestcase(X)
 #endif
 
+/* Macro to determine if stack space has the ability to grow using
+** heap memory.
+*/
+#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0 || YYDYNSTACK
+# define YYGROWABLESTACK 1
+#else
+# define YYGROWABLESTACK 0
+#endif
+
+/* Guarantee a minimum number of initial stack slots.
+*/
+#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
+# undef YYSTACKDEPTH
+# define YYSTACKDEPTH 2  /* Need a minimum stack size */
+#endif
+
 
 /* Next are the tables used to determine what action to take based on the
 ** current state and lookahead token.  These tables are used to implement
@@ -169811,618 +173086,630 @@ typedef union {
 **  yy_default[]       Default action for each state.
 **
 *********** Begin parsing tables **********************************************/
-#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (2096)
+#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (2142)
 static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_action[] = {
- /*     0 */   568,  208,  568,  118,  115,  229,  568,  118,  115,  229,
- /*    10 */   568, 1310,  377, 1289,  408,  562,  562,  562,  568,  409,
- /*    20 */   378, 1310, 1272,   41,   41,   41,   41,  208, 1520,   71,
- /*    30 */    71,  969,  419,   41,   41,  491,  303,  279,  303,  970,
- /*    40 */   397,   71,   71,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210, 1047, 1050,
- /*    50 */  1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,  476,  409,
- /*    60 */  1237,    1,    1,  574,    2, 1241,  550,  118,  115,  229,
- /*    70 */   317,  480,  146,  480,  524,  118,  115,  229,  529, 1323,
- /*    80 */   417,  523,  142,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210, 1047, 1050,
- /*    90 */  1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,  118,  115,
- /*   100 */   229,  327,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,  120,
- /*   110 */   120,  119,  116,  444,  284,  284,  284,  284,  442,  442,
- /*   120 */   442, 1559,  376, 1561, 1186,  375, 1157,  565, 1157,  565,
- /*   130 */   409, 1559,  537,  259,  226,  444,  101,  145,  449,  316,
- /*   140 */   559,  240,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,  120,
- /*   150 */   120,  119,  116,  444,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210, 1047,
- /*   160 */  1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,  142,
- /*   170 */   294, 1186,  339,  448,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,
- /*   180 */   127, 1186, 1187, 1186,  148,  441,  440,  568,  119,  116,
- /*   190 */   444,  124,  124,  124,  124,  117,  122,  122,  122,  122,
- /*   200 */   121,  121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  454,  113,
- /*   210 */    13,   13,  546,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,
- /*   220 */   120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  422,  316,  559, 1186, 1187,
- /*   230 */  1186,  149, 1218,  409, 1218,  124,  124,  124,  124,  122,
- /*   240 */   122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,
- /*   250 */   444,  465,  342, 1034, 1034, 1048, 1051,  125,  126,   80,
- /*   260 */  1210, 1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,
- /*   270 */   124,  124, 1275,  522,  222, 1186,  568,  409,  224,  514,
- /*   280 */   175,   82,   83,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,
- /*   290 */   120,  120,  119,  116,  444, 1005,   16,   16, 1186,  133,
- /*   300 */   133,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,
- /*   310 */   123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,  122,  122,  122,  122,
- /*   320 */   121,  121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444, 1038,  546,
- /*   330 */  1186,  373, 1186, 1187, 1186,  252, 1429,  399,  504,  501,
- /*   340 */   500,  111,  560,  566,    4,  924,  924,  433,  499,  340,
- /*   350 */   460,  328,  360,  394, 1231, 1186, 1187, 1186,  563,  568,
- /*   360 */   122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,  120,  120,  119,
- /*   370 */   116,  444,  284,  284,  369, 1572, 1598,  441,  440,  154,
- /*   380 */   409,  445,   71,   71, 1282,  565, 1215, 1186, 1187, 1186,
- /*   390 */    85, 1217,  271,  557,  543,  515,  515,  568,   98, 1216,
- /*   400 */     6, 1274,  472,  142,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210, 1047,
- /*   410 */  1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,  550,
- /*   420 */    13,   13, 1024,  507, 1218, 1186, 1218,  549,  109,  109,
- /*   430 */   222,  568, 1232,  175,  568,  427,  110,  197,  445,  569,
- /*   440 */   445,  430, 1546, 1014,  325,  551, 1186,  270,  287,  368,
- /*   450 */   510,  363,  509,  257,   71,   71,  543,   71,   71,  359,
- /*   460 */   316,  559, 1604,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,
- /*   470 */   120,  120,  119,  116,  444, 1014, 1014, 1016, 1017,   27,
- /*   480 */   284,  284, 1186, 1187, 1186, 1152,  568, 1603,  409,  899,
- /*   490 */   190,  550,  356,  565,  550,  935,  533,  517, 1152,  516,
- /*   500 */   413, 1152,  552, 1186, 1187, 1186,  568,  544,  544,   51,
- /*   510 */    51,  214,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210, 1047, 1050, 1037,
- /*   520 */  1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124, 1186,  474,  135,
- /*   530 */   135,  409,  284,  284, 1484,  505,  121,  121,  120,  120,
- /*   540 */   120,  119,  116,  444, 1005,  565,  518,  217,  541,  541,
- /*   550 */   316,  559,  142,    6,  532,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210,
- /*   560 */  1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,
- /*   570 */  1548,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,  120,  120,
- /*   580 */   119,  116,  444,  485, 1186, 1187, 1186,  482,  281, 1263,
- /*   590 */   955,  252, 1186,  373,  504,  501,  500, 1186,  340,  570,
- /*   600 */  1186,  570,  409,  292,  499,  955,  874,  191,  480,  316,
- /*   610 */   559,  384,  290,  380,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,
- /*   620 */   120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  125,  126,   80, 1210,
- /*   630 */  1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,
- /*   640 */   124,  409,  394, 1132, 1186,  867,  100,  284,  284, 1186,
- /*   650 */  1187, 1186,  373, 1089, 1186, 1187, 1186, 1186, 1187, 1186,
- /*   660 */   565,  455,   32,  373,  233,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210,
- /*   670 */  1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,
- /*   680 */  1428,  957,  568,  228,  956,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,
- /*   690 */   121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444, 1152,  228, 1186,
- /*   700 */   157, 1186, 1187, 1186, 1547,   13,   13,  301,  955, 1226,
- /*   710 */  1152,  153,  409, 1152,  373, 1575, 1170,    5,  369, 1572,
- /*   720 */   429, 1232,    3,  955,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,
- /*   730 */   120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  125,  126,   80, 1210,
- /*   740 */  1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,
- /*   750 */   124,  409,  208,  567, 1186, 1025, 1186, 1187, 1186, 1186,
- /*   760 */   388,  850,  155, 1546,  286,  402, 1094, 1094,  488,  568,
- /*   770 */   465,  342, 1315, 1315, 1546,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210,
- /*   780 */  1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,
- /*   790 */   129,  568,   13,   13,  374,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,
- /*   800 */   121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  302,  568,  453,
- /*   810 */   528, 1186, 1187, 1186,   13,   13, 1186, 1187, 1186, 1293,
- /*   820 */   463, 1263,  409, 1313, 1313, 1546, 1010,  453,  452,  200,
- /*   830 */   299,   71,   71, 1261,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,
- /*   840 */   120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  125,  126,   80, 1210,
- /*   850 */  1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,
- /*   860 */   124,  409,  227, 1069, 1152,  284,  284,  419,  312,  278,
- /*   870 */   278,  285,  285, 1415,  406,  405,  382, 1152,  565,  568,
- /*   880 */  1152, 1189,  565, 1592,  565,  125,  126,   80, 1210, 1210,
- /*   890 */  1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,  124,
- /*   900 */   453, 1476,   13,   13, 1530,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,
- /*   910 */   121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  201,  568,  354,
- /*   920 */  1578,  574,    2, 1241,  838,  839,  840, 1554,  317, 1205,
- /*   930 */   146,    6,  409,  255,  254,  253,  206, 1323,    9, 1189,
- /*   940 */   262,   71,   71,  424,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,  121,
- /*   950 */   120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  125,  126,   80, 1210,
- /*   960 */  1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,
- /*   970 */   124,  568,  284,  284,  568, 1206,  409,  573,  313, 1241,
- /*   980 */   349, 1292,  352,  419,  317,  565,  146,  491,  525, 1635,
- /*   990 */   395,  371,  491, 1323,   70,   70, 1291,   71,   71,  240,
- /*  1000 */  1321,  104,   80, 1210, 1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,
- /*  1010 */   123,  124,  124,  124,  124,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,
- /*  1020 */   121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444, 1110,  284,  284,
- /*  1030 */   428,  448, 1519, 1206,  439,  284,  284, 1483, 1348,  311,
- /*  1040 */   474,  565, 1111,  969,  491,  491,  217, 1259,  565, 1532,
- /*  1050 */   568,  970,  207,  568, 1024,  240,  383, 1112,  519,  122,
- /*  1060 */   122,  122,  122,  121,  121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,
- /*  1070 */   444, 1015,  107,   71,   71, 1014,   13,   13,  910,  568,
- /*  1080 */  1489,  568,  284,  284,   97,  526,  491,  448,  911, 1322,
- /*  1090 */  1318,  545,  409,  284,  284,  565,  151,  209, 1489, 1491,
- /*  1100 */   262,  450,   55,   55,   56,   56,  565, 1014, 1014, 1016,
- /*  1110 */   443,  332,  409,  527,   12,  295,  125,  126,   80, 1210,
- /*  1120 */  1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,
- /*  1130 */   124,  347,  409,  862, 1528, 1206,  125,  126,   80, 1210,
- /*  1140 */  1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,
- /*  1150 */   124, 1133, 1633,  474, 1633,  371,  125,  114,   80, 1210,
- /*  1160 */  1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,  124,  124,  124,
- /*  1170 */   124, 1489,  329,  474,  331,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,
- /*  1180 */   121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  203, 1415,  568,
- /*  1190 */  1290,  862,  464, 1206,  436,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,
- /*  1200 */   121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  553, 1133, 1634,
- /*  1210 */   539, 1634,   15,   15,  890,  122,  122,  122,  122,  121,
- /*  1220 */   121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,  568,  298,  538,
- /*  1230 */  1131, 1415, 1552, 1553, 1327,  409,    6,    6, 1163, 1264,
- /*  1240 */   415,  320,  284,  284, 1415,  508,  565,  525,  300,  457,
- /*  1250 */    43,   43,  568,  891,   12,  565,  330,  478,  425,  407,
- /*  1260 */   126,   80, 1210, 1210, 1047, 1050, 1037, 1037,  123,  123,
- /*  1270 */   124,  124,  124,  124,  568,   57,   57,  288, 1186, 1415,
- /*  1280 */   496,  458,  392,  392,  391,  273,  389, 1131, 1551,  847,
- /*  1290 */  1163,  407,    6,  568,  321, 1152,  470,   44,   44, 1550,
- /*  1300 */  1110,  426,  234,    6,  323,  256,  540,  256, 1152,  431,
- /*  1310 */   568, 1152,  322,   17,  487, 1111,   58,   58,  122,  122,
- /*  1320 */   122,  122,  121,  121,  120,  120,  120,  119,  116,  444,
- /*  1330 */  1112,  216,  481,   59,   59, 1186, 1187, 1186,  111,  560,
- /*  1340 */   324,    4,  236,  456,  526,  568,  237,  456,  568,  437,
- /*  1350 */   168,  556,  420,  141,  479,  563,  568,  293,  568, 1091,
- /*  1360 */   568,  293,  568, 1091,  531,  568,  870,    8,   60,   60,
- /*  1370 */   235,   61,   61,  568,  414,  568,  414,  568,  445,   62,
- /*  1380 */    62,   45,   45,   46,   46,   47,   47,  199,   49,   49,
- /*  1390 */   557,  568,  359,  568,  100,  486,   50,   50,   63,   63,
- /*  1400 */    64,   64,  561,  415,  535,  410,  568, 1024,  568,  534,
- /*  1410 */   316,  559,  316,  559,   65,   65,   14,   14,  568, 1024,
- /*  1420 */   568,  512,  930,  870, 1015,  109,  109,  929, 1014,   66,
- /*  1430 */    66,  131,  131,  110,  451,  445,  569,  445,  416,  177,
- /*  1440 */  1014,  132,  132,   67,   67,  568,  467,  568,  930,  471,
- /*  1450 */  1360,  283,  226,  929,  315, 1359,  407,  568,  459,  407,
- /*  1460 */  1014, 1014, 1016,  239,  407,   86,  213, 1346,   52,   52,
- /*  1470 */    68,   68, 1014, 1014, 1016, 1017,   27, 1577, 1174,  447,
- /*  1480 */    69,   69,  288,   97,  108, 1535,  106,  392,  392,  391,
- /*  1490 */   273,  389,  568,  877,  847,  881,  568,  111,  560,  466,
- /*  1500 */     4,  568,  152,   30,   38,  568, 1128,  234,  396,  323,
- /*  1510 */   111,  560,  527,    4,  563,   53,   53,  322,  568,  163,
- /*  1520 */   163,  568,  337,  468,  164,  164,  333,  563,   76,   76,
- /*  1530 */   568,  289, 1508,  568,   31, 1507,  568,  445,  338,  483,
- /*  1540 */   100,   54,   54,  344,   72,   72,  296,  236, 1076,  557,
- /*  1550 */   445,  877, 1356,  134,  134,  168,   73,   73,  141,  161,
- /*  1560 */   161, 1566,  557,  535,  568,  319,  568,  348,  536, 1007,
- /*  1570 */   473,  261,  261,  889,  888,  235,  535,  568, 1024,  568,
- /*  1580 */   475,  534,  261,  367,  109,  109,  521,  136,  136,  130,
- /*  1590 */   130, 1024,  110,  366,  445,  569,  445,  109,  109, 1014,
- /*  1600 */   162,  162,  156,  156,  568,  110, 1076,  445,  569,  445,
- /*  1610 */   410,  351, 1014,  568,  353,  316,  559,  568,  343,  568,
- /*  1620 */   100,  497,  357,  258,  100,  896,  897,  140,  140,  355,
- /*  1630 */  1306, 1014, 1014, 1016, 1017,   27,  139,  139,  362,  451,
- /*  1640 */   137,  137,  138,  138, 1014, 1014, 1016, 1017,   27, 1174,
- /*  1650 */   447,  568,  372,  288,  111,  560, 1018,    4,  392,  392,
- /*  1660 */   391,  273,  389,  568, 1137,  847,  568, 1072,  568,  258,
- /*  1670 */   492,  563,  568,  211,   75,   75,  555,  960,  234,  261,
- /*  1680 */   323,  111,  560,  927,    4,  113,   77,   77,  322,   74,
- /*  1690 */    74,   42,   42, 1369,  445,   48,   48, 1414,  563,  972,
- /*  1700 */   973, 1088, 1087, 1088, 1087,  860,  557,  150,  928, 1342,
- /*  1710 */   113, 1354,  554, 1419, 1018, 1271, 1262, 1250,  236, 1249,
- /*  1720 */  1251,  445, 1585, 1339,  308,  276,  168,  309,   11,  141,
- /*  1730 */   393,  310,  232,  557, 1401, 1024,  335,  291, 1396,  219,
- /*  1740 */   336,  109,  109,  934,  297, 1406,  235,  341,  477,  110,
- /*  1750 */   502,  445,  569,  445, 1389, 1405, 1014,  400, 1289,  365,
- /*  1760 */   223, 1480, 1024, 1479, 1351, 1352, 1350, 1349,  109,  109,
- /*  1770 */   204, 1588, 1226,  558,  265,  218,  110,  205,  445,  569,
- /*  1780 */   445,  410,  387, 1014, 1527,  179,  316,  559, 1014, 1014,
- /*  1790 */  1016, 1017,   27,  230, 1525, 1223,   79,  560,   85,    4,
- /*  1800 */   418,  215,  548,   81,   84,  188, 1402,  173,  181,  461,
- /*  1810 */   451,   35,  462,  563,  183, 1014, 1014, 1016, 1017,   27,
- /*  1820 */   184, 1485,  185,  186,  495,  242,   98,  398, 1408,   36,
- /*  1830 */  1407,  484,   91,  469,  401, 1410,  445,  192, 1474,  246,
- /*  1840 */  1496,  490,  346,  277,  248,  196,  493,  511,  557,  350,
- /*  1850 */  1252,  249,  250,  403, 1309, 1308,  111,  560,  432,    4,
- /*  1860 */  1307, 1300,   93, 1602,  881, 1601,  224,  404,  434,  520,
- /*  1870 */   263,  435, 1571,  563, 1279, 1278,  364, 1024,  306, 1277,
- /*  1880 */   264, 1600, 1557,  109,  109,  370, 1299,  307, 1556,  438,
- /*  1890 */   128,  110, 1374,  445,  569,  445,  445,  546, 1014,   10,
- /*  1900 */  1461,  105,  381, 1373,   34,  571,   99, 1332,  557,  314,
- /*  1910 */  1180,  530,  272,  274,  379,  210, 1331,  547,  385,  386,
- /*  1920 */   275,  572, 1247, 1242,  411,  412, 1512,  165,  178, 1513,
- /*  1930 */  1014, 1014, 1016, 1017,   27, 1511, 1510, 1024,   78,  147,
- /*  1940 */   166,  220,  221,  109,  109,  834,  304,  167,  446,  212,
- /*  1950 */   318,  110,  231,  445,  569,  445,  144, 1086, 1014, 1084,
- /*  1960 */   326,  180,  169, 1205,  182,  334,  238,  913,  241, 1100,
- /*  1970 */   187,  170,  171,  421,   87,   88,  423,  189,   89,   90,
- /*  1980 */   172, 1103,  243, 1099,  244,  158,   18,  245,  345,  247,
- /*  1990 */  1014, 1014, 1016, 1017,   27,  261, 1092,  193, 1220,  489,
- /*  2000 */   194,   37,  366,  849,  494,  251,  195,  506,   92,   19,
- /*  2010 */   498,  358,   20,  503,  879,  361,   94,  892,  305,  159,
- /*  2020 */   513,   39,   95, 1168,  160, 1053,  964, 1139,   96,  174,
- /*  2030 */  1138,  225,  280,  282,  198,  958,  113, 1158, 1154,  260,
- /*  2040 */    21,   22,   23, 1156, 1162, 1161, 1143,   24,   33,   25,
- /*  2050 */   202,  542,   26,  100, 1067,  102, 1054,  103,    7, 1052,
- /*  2060 */  1056, 1109, 1057, 1108,  266,  267,   28,   40,  390, 1019,
- /*  2070 */   861,  112,   29,  564, 1176, 1175,  268,  176,  143,  923,
- /*  2080 */  1238, 1238, 1238, 1238, 1238, 1238, 1238, 1238, 1238, 1238,
- /*  2090 */  1238, 1238, 1238, 1238,  269, 1593,
+ /*     0 */   576,  128,  125,  232, 1622,  549,  576, 1290, 1281,  576,
+ /*    10 */   328,  576, 1300,  212,  576,  128,  125,  232,  578,  412,
+ /*    20 */   578,  391, 1542,   51,   51,  523,  405, 1293,  529,   51,
+ /*    30 */    51,  983,   51,   51,   81,   81, 1107,   61,   61,  984,
+ /*    40 */  1107, 1292,  380,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228, 1063, 1066,
+ /*    50 */  1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134, 1577,  412,
+ /*    60 */   287,  287,    7,  287,  287,  422, 1050, 1050, 1064, 1067,
+ /*    70 */   289,  556,  492,  573,  524,  561,  573,  497,  561,  482,
+ /*    80 */   530,  262,  229,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228, 1063, 1066,
+ /*    90 */  1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,  128,  125,
+ /*   100 */   232, 1506,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,  130,
+ /*   110 */   130,  129,  126,  450, 1204, 1255,    1,    1,  582,    2,
+ /*   120 */  1259, 1571,  420, 1582,  379,  320, 1174,  153, 1174, 1584,
+ /*   130 */   412,  378, 1582,  543, 1341,  330,  111,  570,  570,  570,
+ /*   140 */   293, 1054,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,  130,
+ /*   150 */   130,  129,  126,  450,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228, 1063,
+ /*   160 */  1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,  287,
+ /*   170 */   287, 1204, 1205, 1204,  255,  287,  287,  510,  507,  506,
+ /*   180 */   137,  455,  573,  212,  561,  447,  446,  505,  573, 1616,
+ /*   190 */   561,  134,  134,  134,  134,  127,  400,  243,  132,  132,
+ /*   200 */   132,  132,  131,  131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,
+ /*   210 */   282,  471,  345,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,
+ /*   220 */   130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  574,  155,  936,  936,  454,
+ /*   230 */   227,  521, 1236,  412, 1236,  134,  134,  134,  134,  132,
+ /*   240 */   132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,
+ /*   250 */   450,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  135,  136,   90,
+ /*   260 */  1228, 1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,
+ /*   270 */   134,  134,  128,  125,  232,  450,  576,  412,  397, 1249,
+ /*   280 */   180,   92,   93,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,
+ /*   290 */   130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  381,  387, 1204,  383,   81,
+ /*   300 */    81,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,
+ /*   310 */   133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,  132,  132,  132,  132,
+ /*   320 */   131,  131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  131,  131,
+ /*   330 */   130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  556, 1204,  302,  319,
+ /*   340 */   567,  121,  568,  480,    4,  555, 1149, 1657, 1628, 1657,
+ /*   350 */    45,  128,  125,  232, 1204, 1205, 1204, 1250,  571, 1169,
+ /*   360 */   132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,  130,  130,  129,
+ /*   370 */   126,  450, 1169,  287,  287, 1169, 1019,  576,  422, 1019,
+ /*   380 */   412,  451, 1602,  582,    2, 1259,  573,   44,  561,   95,
+ /*   390 */   320,  110,  153,  565, 1204, 1205, 1204,  522,  522, 1341,
+ /*   400 */    81,   81,    7,   44,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228, 1063,
+ /*   410 */  1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,  295,
+ /*   420 */  1149, 1658, 1040, 1658, 1204, 1147,  319,  567,  119,  119,
+ /*   430 */   343,  466,  331,  343,  287,  287,  120,  556,  451,  577,
+ /*   440 */   451, 1169, 1169, 1028,  319,  567,  438,  573,  210,  561,
+ /*   450 */  1339, 1451,  546,  531, 1169, 1169, 1598, 1169, 1169,  416,
+ /*   460 */   319,  567,  243,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,
+ /*   470 */   130,  130,  129,  126,  450, 1028, 1028, 1030, 1031,   35,
+ /*   480 */    44, 1204, 1205, 1204,  472,  287,  287, 1328,  412, 1307,
+ /*   490 */   372, 1595,  359,  225,  454, 1204,  195, 1328,  573, 1147,
+ /*   500 */   561, 1333, 1333,  274,  576, 1188,  576,  340,   46,  196,
+ /*   510 */   537,  217,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228, 1063, 1066, 1053,
+ /*   520 */  1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,   19,   19,   19,
+ /*   530 */    19,  412,  581, 1204, 1259,  511, 1204,  319,  567,  320,
+ /*   540 */   944,  153,  425,  491,  430,  943, 1204,  488, 1341, 1450,
+ /*   550 */   532, 1277, 1204, 1205, 1204,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228,
+ /*   560 */  1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*   570 */   575,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,  130,  130,
+ /*   580 */   129,  126,  450,  287,  287,  528,  287,  287,  372, 1595,
+ /*   590 */  1204, 1205, 1204, 1204, 1205, 1204,  573,  486,  561,  573,
+ /*   600 */   889,  561,  412, 1204, 1205, 1204,  886,   40,   22,   22,
+ /*   610 */   220,  243,  525, 1449,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,
+ /*   620 */   130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  135,  136,   90, 1228,
+ /*   630 */  1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*   640 */   134,  412,  180,  454, 1204,  879,  255,  287,  287,  510,
+ /*   650 */   507,  506,  372, 1595, 1568, 1331, 1331,  576,  889,  505,
+ /*   660 */   573,   44,  561,  559, 1207,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228,
+ /*   670 */  1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*   680 */    81,   81,  422,  576,  377,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,
+ /*   690 */   131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  297,  287,  287,
+ /*   700 */   460, 1204, 1205, 1204, 1204,  534,   19,   19,  448,  448,
+ /*   710 */   448,  573,  412,  561,  230,  436, 1187,  535,  319,  567,
+ /*   720 */   363,  432, 1207, 1435,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,
+ /*   730 */   130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  135,  136,   90, 1228,
+ /*   740 */  1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*   750 */   134,  412,  211,  949, 1169, 1041, 1110, 1110,  494,  547,
+ /*   760 */   547, 1204, 1205, 1204,    7,  539, 1570, 1169,  376,  576,
+ /*   770 */  1169,    5, 1204,  486,    3,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228,
+ /*   780 */  1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*   790 */   576,  513,   19,   19,  427,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,
+ /*   800 */   131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  305, 1204,  433,
+ /*   810 */   225, 1204,  385,   19,   19,  273,  290,  371,  516,  366,
+ /*   820 */   515,  260,  412,  538, 1568,  549, 1024,  362,  437, 1204,
+ /*   830 */  1205, 1204,  902, 1552,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,
+ /*   840 */   130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  135,  136,   90, 1228,
+ /*   850 */  1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*   860 */   134,  412, 1435,  514, 1281, 1204, 1205, 1204, 1204, 1205,
+ /*   870 */  1204,  903,   48,  342, 1568, 1568, 1279, 1627, 1568,  911,
+ /*   880 */   576,  129,  126,  450,  110,  135,  136,   90, 1228, 1228,
+ /*   890 */  1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*   900 */   265,  576,  459,   19,   19,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,
+ /*   910 */   131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450, 1345,  204,  576,
+ /*   920 */   459,  458,   50,   47,   19,   19,   49,  434, 1105,  573,
+ /*   930 */   497,  561,  412,  428,  108, 1224, 1569, 1554,  376,  205,
+ /*   940 */   550,  550,   81,   81,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,  131,
+ /*   950 */   130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  135,  136,   90, 1228,
+ /*   960 */  1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*   970 */   134,  480,  576, 1204,  576, 1541,  412, 1435,  969,  315,
+ /*   980 */  1659,  398,  284,  497,  969,  893, 1569, 1569,  376,  376,
+ /*   990 */  1569,  461,  376, 1224,  459,   80,   80,   81,   81,  497,
+ /*  1000 */   374,  114,   90, 1228, 1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,
+ /*  1010 */   133,  134,  134,  134,  134,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,
+ /*  1020 */   131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450, 1204, 1505,  576,
+ /*  1030 */  1204, 1205, 1204, 1366,  316,  486,  281,  281,  497,  431,
+ /*  1040 */   557,  288,  288,  402, 1340,  471,  345,  298,  429,  573,
+ /*  1050 */   576,  561,   81,   81,  573,  374,  561,  971,  386,  132,
+ /*  1060 */   132,  132,  132,  131,  131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,
+ /*  1070 */   450,  231,  117,   81,   81,  287,  287,  231,  287,  287,
+ /*  1080 */   576, 1511,  576, 1336, 1204, 1205, 1204,  139,  573,  556,
+ /*  1090 */   561,  573,  412,  561,  441,  456,  969,  213,  558, 1511,
+ /*  1100 */  1513, 1550,  969,  143,  143,  145,  145, 1368,  314,  478,
+ /*  1110 */   444,  970,  412,  850,  851,  852,  135,  136,   90, 1228,
+ /*  1120 */  1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*  1130 */   134,  357,  412,  397, 1148,  304,  135,  136,   90, 1228,
+ /*  1140 */  1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*  1150 */   134, 1575,  323,    6,  862,    7,  135,  124,   90, 1228,
+ /*  1160 */  1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,  134,  134,  134,
+ /*  1170 */   134,  409,  408, 1511,  212,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,
+ /*  1180 */   131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  411,  118, 1204,
+ /*  1190 */   116,   10,  352,  265,  355,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,
+ /*  1200 */   131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  576,  324,  306,
+ /*  1210 */   576,  306, 1250,  469,  158,  132,  132,  132,  132,  131,
+ /*  1220 */   131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,  207, 1224, 1126,
+ /*  1230 */    65,   65,  470,   66,   66,  412,  447,  446,  882,  531,
+ /*  1240 */   335,  258,  257,  256, 1127, 1233, 1204, 1205, 1204,  327,
+ /*  1250 */  1235,  874,  159,  576,   16,  480, 1085, 1040, 1234, 1128,
+ /*  1260 */   136,   90, 1228, 1228, 1063, 1066, 1053, 1053,  133,  133,
+ /*  1270 */   134,  134,  134,  134, 1029,  576,   81,   81, 1028, 1040,
+ /*  1280 */   922,  576,  463, 1236,  576, 1236, 1224,  502,  107, 1435,
+ /*  1290 */   923,    6,  576,  410, 1498,  882, 1029,  480,   21,   21,
+ /*  1300 */  1028,  332, 1380,  334,   53,   53,  497,   81,   81,  874,
+ /*  1310 */  1028, 1028, 1030,  445,  259,   19,   19,  533,  132,  132,
+ /*  1320 */   132,  132,  131,  131,  130,  130,  130,  129,  126,  450,
+ /*  1330 */   551,  301, 1028, 1028, 1030,  107,  532,  545,  121,  568,
+ /*  1340 */  1188,    4, 1126, 1576,  449,  576,  462,    7, 1282,  418,
+ /*  1350 */   462,  350, 1435,  576,  518,  571,  544, 1127,  121,  568,
+ /*  1360 */   442,    4, 1188,  464,  533, 1180, 1223,    9,   67,   67,
+ /*  1370 */   487,  576, 1128,  303,  410,  571,   54,   54,  451,  576,
+ /*  1380 */   123,  944,  576,  417,  576,  333,  943, 1379,  576,  236,
+ /*  1390 */   565,  576, 1574,  564,   68,   68,    7,  576,  451,  362,
+ /*  1400 */   419,  182,   69,   69,  541,   70,   70,   71,   71,  540,
+ /*  1410 */   565,   72,   72,  484,   55,   55,  473, 1180,  296, 1040,
+ /*  1420 */    56,   56,  296,  493,  541,  119,  119,  410, 1573,  542,
+ /*  1430 */   569,  418,    7,  120, 1244,  451,  577,  451,  465, 1040,
+ /*  1440 */  1028,  576, 1557,  552,  476,  119,  119,  527,  259,  121,
+ /*  1450 */   568,  240,    4,  120,  576,  451,  577,  451,  576,  477,
+ /*  1460 */  1028,  576,  156,  576,   57,   57,  571,  576,  286,  229,
+ /*  1470 */   410,  336, 1028, 1028, 1030, 1031,   35,   59,   59,  219,
+ /*  1480 */   983,   60,   60,  220,   73,   73,   74,   74,  984,  451,
+ /*  1490 */    75,   75, 1028, 1028, 1030, 1031,   35,   96,  216,  291,
+ /*  1500 */   552,  565, 1188,  318,  395,  395,  394,  276,  392,  576,
+ /*  1510 */   485,  859,  474, 1311,  410,  541,  576,  417, 1530, 1144,
+ /*  1520 */   540,  399, 1188,  292,  237, 1153,  326,   38,   23,  576,
+ /*  1530 */  1040,  576,   20,   20,  325,  299,  119,  119,  164,   76,
+ /*  1540 */    76, 1529,  121,  568,  120,    4,  451,  577,  451,  203,
+ /*  1550 */   576, 1028,  141,  141,  142,  142,  576,  322,   39,  571,
+ /*  1560 */   341, 1021,  110,  264,  239,  901,  900,  423,  242,  908,
+ /*  1570 */   909,  370,  173,   77,   77,   43,  479, 1310,  264,   62,
+ /*  1580 */    62,  369,  451, 1028, 1028, 1030, 1031,   35, 1601, 1192,
+ /*  1590 */   453, 1092,  238,  291,  565,  163, 1309,  110,  395,  395,
+ /*  1600 */   394,  276,  392,  986,  987,  859,  481,  346,  264,  110,
+ /*  1610 */  1032,  489,  576, 1188,  503, 1088,  261,  261,  237,  576,
+ /*  1620 */   326,  121,  568, 1040,    4,  347, 1376,  413,  325,  119,
+ /*  1630 */   119,  948,  319,  567,  351,   78,   78,  120,  571,  451,
+ /*  1640 */   577,  451,   79,   79, 1028,  354,  356,  576,  360, 1092,
+ /*  1650 */   110,  576,  974,  942,  264,  123,  457,  358,  239,  576,
+ /*  1660 */   519,  451,  939, 1104,  123, 1104,  173,  576, 1032,   43,
+ /*  1670 */    63,   63, 1324,  565,  168,  168, 1028, 1028, 1030, 1031,
+ /*  1680 */    35,  576,  169,  169, 1308,  872,  238,  157, 1589,  576,
+ /*  1690 */    86,   86,  365,   89,  568,  375,    4, 1103,  941, 1103,
+ /*  1700 */   123,  576, 1040, 1389,   64,   64, 1188, 1434,  119,  119,
+ /*  1710 */   571,  576,   82,   82,  563,  576,  120,  165,  451,  577,
+ /*  1720 */   451,  413, 1362, 1028,  144,  144,  319,  567,  576, 1374,
+ /*  1730 */   562,  498,  279,  451,   83,   83, 1439,  576,  166,  166,
+ /*  1740 */   576, 1289,  554,  576, 1280,  565,  576,   12,  576, 1268,
+ /*  1750 */   457,  146,  146, 1267,  576, 1028, 1028, 1030, 1031,   35,
+ /*  1760 */   140,  140, 1269,  167,  167, 1609,  160,  160, 1359,  150,
+ /*  1770 */   150,  149,  149,  311, 1040,  576,  312,  147,  147,  313,
+ /*  1780 */   119,  119,  222,  235,  576, 1188,  396,  576,  120,  576,
+ /*  1790 */   451,  577,  451, 1192,  453, 1028,  508,  291,  148,  148,
+ /*  1800 */  1421, 1612,  395,  395,  394,  276,  392,   85,   85,  859,
+ /*  1810 */    87,   87,   84,   84,  553,  576,  294,  576, 1426,  338,
+ /*  1820 */   339, 1425,  237,  300,  326, 1416, 1409, 1028, 1028, 1030,
+ /*  1830 */  1031,   35,  325,  344,  403,  483,  226, 1307,   52,   52,
+ /*  1840 */    58,   58,  368, 1371, 1502,  566, 1501,  121,  568,  221,
+ /*  1850 */     4,  208,  268,  209,  390, 1244, 1549, 1188, 1372, 1370,
+ /*  1860 */  1369, 1547,  239,  184,  571,  233,  421, 1241,   95,  218,
+ /*  1870 */   173, 1507,  193,   43,   91,   94,  178,  186,  467,  188,
+ /*  1880 */   468, 1422,   13,  189,  190,  191,  501,  451,  245,  108,
+ /*  1890 */   238,  401, 1428, 1427, 1430,  475,  404, 1496,  197,  565,
+ /*  1900 */    14,  490,  249,  101, 1518,  496,  349,  280,  251,  201,
+ /*  1910 */   353,  499,  252,  406, 1270,  253,  517, 1327, 1326,  435,
+ /*  1920 */  1325, 1318,  103,  893, 1296,  413,  227,  407, 1040, 1626,
+ /*  1930 */   319,  567, 1625, 1297,  119,  119,  439,  367, 1317, 1295,
+ /*  1940 */  1624,  526,  120,  440,  451,  577,  451, 1594,  309, 1028,
+ /*  1950 */   310,  373,  266,  267,  457, 1580, 1579,  443,  138, 1394,
+ /*  1960 */   552, 1393,   11, 1483,  384,  115,  317, 1350,  109,  536,
+ /*  1970 */    42,  579,  382,  214, 1349,  388, 1198,  389,  275,  277,
+ /*  1980 */   278, 1028, 1028, 1030, 1031,   35,  580, 1265,  414, 1260,
+ /*  1990 */   170,  415,  183, 1534, 1535, 1533,  171,  154,  307, 1532,
+ /*  2000 */   846,  223,  224,   88,  452,  215,  172,  321,  234, 1102,
+ /*  2010 */   152, 1188, 1100,  329,  185,  174, 1223,  925,  187,  241,
+ /*  2020 */   337,  244, 1116,  192,  175,  176,  424,  426,   97,  194,
+ /*  2030 */    98,   99,  100,  177, 1119, 1115,  246,  247,  161,   24,
+ /*  2040 */   248,  348, 1238,  264, 1108,  250,  495,  199,  198,   15,
+ /*  2050 */   861,  500,  369,  254,  504,  509,  512,  200,  102,   25,
+ /*  2060 */   179,  361,   26,  364,  104,  891,  308,  162,  105,  904,
+ /*  2070 */   520,  106, 1185, 1069, 1155,   17,  228,   27, 1154,  283,
+ /*  2080 */   285,  263,  978,  202,  972,  123,   28, 1175,   29,   30,
+ /*  2090 */  1179, 1171,   31, 1173, 1160,   41,   32,  206,  548,   33,
+ /*  2100 */   110, 1178, 1083,    8,  112, 1070,  113, 1068, 1072,   34,
+ /*  2110 */  1073,  560, 1125,  269, 1124,  270,   36,   18, 1194, 1033,
+ /*  2120 */   873,  151,  122,   37,  393,  271,  272,  572,  181, 1193,
+ /*  2130 */  1256, 1256, 1256,  935, 1256, 1256, 1256, 1256, 1256, 1256,
+ /*  2140 */  1256, 1617,
 };
 static const YYCODETYPE yy_lookahead[] = {
- /*     0 */   193,  193,  193,  274,  275,  276,  193,  274,  275,  276,
- /*    10 */   193,  223,  219,  225,  206,  210,  211,  212,  193,   19,
- /*    20 */   219,  233,  216,  216,  217,  216,  217,  193,  295,  216,
- /*    30 */   217,   31,  193,  216,  217,  193,  228,  213,  230,   39,
- /*    40 */   206,  216,  217,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
- /*    50 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  193,   19,
- /*    60 */   185,  186,  187,  188,  189,  190,  253,  274,  275,  276,
- /*    70 */   195,  193,  197,  193,  261,  274,  275,  276,  253,  204,
- /*    80 */   238,  204,   81,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
- /*    90 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  274,  275,
- /*   100 */   276,  262,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
- /*   110 */   110,  111,  112,  113,  239,  240,  239,  240,  210,  211,
- /*   120 */   212,  314,  315,  314,   59,  316,   86,  252,   88,  252,
- /*   130 */    19,  314,  315,  256,  257,  113,   25,   72,  296,  138,
- /*   140 */   139,  266,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
+ /*     0 */   194,  276,  277,  278,  216,  194,  194,  217,  194,  194,
+ /*    10 */   194,  194,  224,  194,  194,  276,  277,  278,  204,   19,
+ /*    20 */   206,  202,  297,  217,  218,  205,  207,  217,  205,  217,
+ /*    30 */   218,   31,  217,  218,  217,  218,   29,  217,  218,   39,
+ /*    40 */    33,  217,  220,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*    50 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  312,   19,
+ /*    60 */   240,  241,  316,  240,  241,  194,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*    70 */    22,  254,   65,  253,  254,  255,  253,  194,  255,  194,
+ /*    80 */   263,  258,  259,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*    90 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  276,  277,
+ /*   100 */   278,  285,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
+ /*   110 */   110,  111,  112,  113,   59,  186,  187,  188,  189,  190,
+ /*   120 */   191,  310,  239,  317,  318,  196,   86,  198,   88,  317,
+ /*   130 */    19,  319,  317,  318,  205,  264,   25,  211,  212,  213,
+ /*   140 */   205,  121,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,
  /*   150 */   110,  111,  112,  113,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,
- /*   160 */    49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,   81,
- /*   170 */   292,   59,  292,  298,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,
- /*   180 */    69,  116,  117,  118,   72,  106,  107,  193,  111,  112,
- /*   190 */   113,   54,   55,   56,   57,   58,  102,  103,  104,  105,
- /*   200 */   106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  120,   25,
- /*   210 */   216,  217,  145,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,
- /*   220 */   109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  231,  138,  139,  116,  117,
- /*   230 */   118,  164,  153,   19,  155,   54,   55,   56,   57,  102,
+ /*   160 */    49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  240,
+ /*   170 */   241,  116,  117,  118,  119,  240,  241,  122,  123,  124,
+ /*   180 */    69,  298,  253,  194,  255,  106,  107,  132,  253,  141,
+ /*   190 */   255,   54,   55,   56,   57,   58,  207,  268,  102,  103,
+ /*   200 */   104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,
+ /*   210 */   214,  128,  129,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,
+ /*   220 */   109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  134,   25,  136,  137,  300,
+ /*   230 */   165,  166,  153,   19,  155,   54,   55,   56,   57,  102,
  /*   240 */   103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,
- /*   250 */   113,  128,  129,   46,   47,   48,   49,   43,   44,   45,
+ /*   250 */   113,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   43,   44,   45,
  /*   260 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,
- /*   270 */    56,   57,  216,  193,   25,   59,  193,   19,  165,  166,
- /*   280 */   193,   67,   24,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,
- /*   290 */   109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   73,  216,  217,   59,  216,
- /*   300 */   217,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
+ /*   270 */    56,   57,  276,  277,  278,  113,  194,   19,   22,   23,
+ /*   280 */   194,   67,   24,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,
+ /*   290 */   109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  220,  250,   59,  252,  217,
+ /*   300 */   218,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
  /*   310 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  102,  103,  104,  105,
- /*   320 */   106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  121,  145,
- /*   330 */    59,  193,  116,  117,  118,  119,  273,  204,  122,  123,
- /*   340 */   124,   19,   20,  134,   22,  136,  137,   19,  132,  127,
- /*   350 */   128,  129,   24,   22,   23,  116,  117,  118,   36,  193,
+ /*   320 */   106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  106,  107,
+ /*   330 */   108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  254,   59,  205,  138,
+ /*   340 */   139,   19,   20,  194,   22,  263,   22,   23,  231,   25,
+ /*   350 */    72,  276,  277,  278,  116,  117,  118,  101,   36,   76,
  /*   360 */   102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,
- /*   370 */   112,  113,  239,  240,  311,  312,  215,  106,  107,  241,
- /*   380 */    19,   59,  216,  217,  223,  252,  115,  116,  117,  118,
- /*   390 */   151,  120,   26,   71,  193,  308,  309,  193,  149,  128,
- /*   400 */   313,  216,  269,   81,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,
- /*   410 */    49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  253,
- /*   420 */   216,  217,  100,   95,  153,   59,  155,  261,  106,  107,
- /*   430 */    25,  193,  101,  193,  193,  231,  114,   25,  116,  117,
- /*   440 */   118,  113,  304,  121,  193,  204,   59,  119,  120,  121,
- /*   450 */   122,  123,  124,  125,  216,  217,  193,  216,  217,  131,
- /*   460 */   138,  139,  230,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,
+ /*   370 */   112,  113,   89,  240,  241,   92,   73,  194,  194,   73,
+ /*   380 */    19,   59,  188,  189,  190,  191,  253,   81,  255,  151,
+ /*   390 */   196,   25,  198,   71,  116,  117,  118,  311,  312,  205,
+ /*   400 */   217,  218,  316,   81,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,
+ /*   410 */    49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  270,
+ /*   420 */    22,   23,  100,   25,   59,  101,  138,  139,  106,  107,
+ /*   430 */   127,  128,  129,  127,  240,  241,  114,  254,  116,  117,
+ /*   440 */   118,   76,   76,  121,  138,  139,  263,  253,  264,  255,
+ /*   450 */   205,  275,   87,   19,   89,   89,  194,   92,   92,  199,
+ /*   460 */   138,  139,  268,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,
  /*   470 */   109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,
- /*   480 */   239,  240,  116,  117,  118,   76,  193,   23,   19,   25,
- /*   490 */    22,  253,   23,  252,  253,  108,   87,  204,   89,  261,
- /*   500 */   198,   92,  261,  116,  117,  118,  193,  306,  307,  216,
- /*   510 */   217,  150,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,
- /*   520 */    51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,   59,  193,  216,
- /*   530 */   217,   19,  239,  240,  283,   23,  106,  107,  108,  109,
- /*   540 */   110,  111,  112,  113,   73,  252,  253,  142,  308,  309,
- /*   550 */   138,  139,   81,  313,  145,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   480 */    81,  116,  117,  118,  129,  240,  241,  224,   19,  226,
+ /*   490 */   314,  315,   23,   25,  300,   59,   22,  234,  253,  101,
+ /*   500 */   255,  236,  237,   26,  194,  183,  194,  152,   72,   22,
+ /*   510 */   145,  150,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,
+ /*   520 */    51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  217,  218,  217,
+ /*   530 */   218,   19,  189,   59,  191,   23,   59,  138,  139,  196,
+ /*   540 */   135,  198,  232,  283,  232,  140,   59,  287,  205,  275,
+ /*   550 */   116,  205,  116,  117,  118,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
  /*   560 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
- /*   570 */   307,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,
- /*   580 */   111,  112,  113,  281,  116,  117,  118,  285,   23,  193,
- /*   590 */    25,  119,   59,  193,  122,  123,  124,   59,  127,  203,
- /*   600 */    59,  205,   19,  268,  132,   25,   23,   22,  193,  138,
- /*   610 */   139,  249,  204,  251,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
+ /*   570 */   194,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,
+ /*   580 */   111,  112,  113,  240,  241,  194,  240,  241,  314,  315,
+ /*   590 */   116,  117,  118,  116,  117,  118,  253,  194,  255,  253,
+ /*   600 */    59,  255,   19,  116,  117,  118,   23,   22,  217,  218,
+ /*   610 */   142,  268,  205,  275,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
  /*   620 */   108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   43,   44,   45,   46,
  /*   630 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*   640 */    57,   19,   22,   23,   59,   23,   25,  239,  240,  116,
- /*   650 */   117,  118,  193,   11,  116,  117,  118,  116,  117,  118,
- /*   660 */   252,  269,   22,  193,   15,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   640 */    57,   19,  194,  300,   59,   23,  119,  240,  241,  122,
+ /*   650 */   123,  124,  314,  315,  194,  236,  237,  194,  117,  132,
+ /*   660 */   253,   81,  255,  205,   59,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
  /*   670 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
- /*   680 */   273,  143,  193,  118,  143,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
- /*   690 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   76,  118,   59,
- /*   700 */   241,  116,  117,  118,  304,  216,  217,  292,  143,   60,
- /*   710 */    89,  241,   19,   92,  193,  193,   23,   22,  311,  312,
- /*   720 */   231,  101,   22,  143,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
+ /*   680 */   217,  218,  194,  194,  194,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
+ /*   690 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  294,  240,  241,
+ /*   700 */   120,  116,  117,  118,   59,  194,  217,  218,  211,  212,
+ /*   710 */   213,  253,   19,  255,  194,   19,   23,  254,  138,  139,
+ /*   720 */    24,  232,  117,  194,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
  /*   730 */   108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   43,   44,   45,   46,
  /*   740 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*   750 */    57,   19,  193,  193,   59,   23,  116,  117,  118,   59,
- /*   760 */   201,   21,  241,  304,   22,  206,  127,  128,  129,  193,
- /*   770 */   128,  129,  235,  236,  304,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   750 */    57,   19,  264,  108,   76,   23,  127,  128,  129,  311,
+ /*   760 */   312,  116,  117,  118,  316,   87,  306,   89,  308,  194,
+ /*   770 */    92,   22,   59,  194,   22,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
  /*   780 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
- /*   790 */    22,  193,  216,  217,  193,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
- /*   800 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  231,  193,  193,
- /*   810 */   193,  116,  117,  118,  216,  217,  116,  117,  118,  226,
- /*   820 */    80,  193,   19,  235,  236,  304,   23,  211,  212,  231,
- /*   830 */   204,  216,  217,  205,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
+ /*   790 */   194,   95,  217,  218,  265,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
+ /*   800 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  232,   59,  113,
+ /*   810 */    25,   59,  194,  217,  218,  119,  120,  121,  122,  123,
+ /*   820 */   124,  125,   19,  145,  194,  194,   23,  131,  232,  116,
+ /*   830 */   117,  118,   35,  194,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
  /*   840 */   108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   43,   44,   45,   46,
  /*   850 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*   860 */    57,   19,  193,  123,   76,  239,  240,  193,  253,  239,
- /*   870 */   240,  239,  240,  193,  106,  107,  193,   89,  252,  193,
- /*   880 */    92,   59,  252,  141,  252,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   860 */    57,   19,  194,   66,  194,  116,  117,  118,  116,  117,
+ /*   870 */   118,   74,  242,  294,  194,  194,  206,   23,  194,   25,
+ /*   880 */   194,  111,  112,  113,   25,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
  /*   890 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
- /*   900 */   284,  161,  216,  217,  193,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
- /*   910 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  231,  193,   16,
- /*   920 */   187,  188,  189,  190,    7,    8,    9,  309,  195,   25,
- /*   930 */   197,  313,   19,  127,  128,  129,  262,  204,   22,  117,
- /*   940 */    24,  216,  217,  263,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
+ /*   900 */    24,  194,  194,  217,  218,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
+ /*   910 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  241,  232,  194,
+ /*   920 */   212,  213,  242,  242,  217,  218,  242,  130,   11,  253,
+ /*   930 */   194,  255,   19,  265,  149,   59,  306,  194,  308,  232,
+ /*   940 */   309,  310,  217,  218,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,  107,
  /*   950 */   108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   43,   44,   45,   46,
  /*   960 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*   970 */    57,  193,  239,  240,  193,   59,   19,  188,  253,  190,
- /*   980 */    77,  226,   79,  193,  195,  252,  197,  193,   19,  301,
- /*   990 */   302,  193,  193,  204,  216,  217,  226,  216,  217,  266,
- /*  1000 */   204,  159,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
+ /*   970 */    57,  194,  194,   59,  194,  239,   19,  194,   25,  254,
+ /*   980 */   303,  304,   23,  194,   25,  126,  306,  306,  308,  308,
+ /*   990 */   306,  271,  308,  117,  286,  217,  218,  217,  218,  194,
+ /*  1000 */   194,  159,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,
  /*  1010 */    53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
- /*  1020 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   12,  239,  240,
- /*  1030 */   232,  298,  238,  117,  253,  239,  240,  238,  259,  260,
- /*  1040 */   193,  252,   27,   31,  193,  193,  142,  204,  252,  193,
- /*  1050 */   193,   39,  262,  193,  100,  266,  278,   42,  204,  102,
+ /*  1020 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,   59,  239,  194,
+ /*  1030 */   116,  117,  118,  260,  254,  194,  240,  241,  194,  233,
+ /*  1040 */   205,  240,  241,  205,  239,  128,  129,  270,  265,  253,
+ /*  1050 */   194,  255,  217,  218,  253,  194,  255,  143,  280,  102,
  /*  1060 */   103,  104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,
- /*  1070 */   113,  117,  159,  216,  217,  121,  216,  217,   63,  193,
- /*  1080 */   193,  193,  239,  240,  115,  116,  193,  298,   73,  238,
- /*  1090 */   238,  231,   19,  239,  240,  252,   22,   24,  211,  212,
- /*  1100 */    24,  193,  216,  217,  216,  217,  252,  153,  154,  155,
- /*  1110 */   253,   16,   19,  144,  213,  268,   43,   44,   45,   46,
+ /*  1070 */   113,  118,  159,  217,  218,  240,  241,  118,  240,  241,
+ /*  1080 */   194,  194,  194,  239,  116,  117,  118,   22,  253,  254,
+ /*  1090 */   255,  253,   19,  255,  233,  194,  143,   24,  263,  212,
+ /*  1100 */   213,  194,  143,  217,  218,  217,  218,  261,  262,  271,
+ /*  1110 */   254,  143,   19,    7,    8,    9,   43,   44,   45,   46,
  /*  1120 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*  1130 */    57,  238,   19,   59,  193,   59,   43,   44,   45,   46,
+ /*  1130 */    57,   16,   19,   22,   23,  294,   43,   44,   45,   46,
  /*  1140 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*  1150 */    57,   22,   23,  193,   25,  193,   43,   44,   45,   46,
+ /*  1150 */    57,  312,  194,  214,   21,  316,   43,   44,   45,   46,
  /*  1160 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
- /*  1170 */    57,  284,   77,  193,   79,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
- /*  1180 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  286,  193,  193,
- /*  1190 */   193,  117,  291,  117,  232,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
- /*  1200 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  204,   22,   23,
- /*  1210 */    66,   25,  216,  217,   35,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
- /*  1220 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  193,  268,   85,
- /*  1230 */   101,  193,  309,  309,  240,   19,  313,  313,   94,  208,
- /*  1240 */   209,  193,  239,  240,  193,   66,  252,   19,  268,  244,
- /*  1250 */   216,  217,  193,   74,  213,  252,  161,   19,  263,  254,
+ /*  1170 */    57,  106,  107,  286,  194,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
+ /*  1180 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  207,  158,   59,
+ /*  1190 */   160,   22,   77,   24,   79,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
+ /*  1200 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  194,  194,  229,
+ /*  1210 */   194,  231,  101,   80,   22,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106,
+ /*  1220 */   107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,  288,   59,   12,
+ /*  1230 */   217,  218,  293,  217,  218,   19,  106,  107,   59,   19,
+ /*  1240 */    16,  127,  128,  129,   27,  115,  116,  117,  118,  194,
+ /*  1250 */   120,   59,   22,  194,   24,  194,  123,  100,  128,   42,
  /*  1260 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
- /*  1270 */    54,   55,   56,   57,  193,  216,  217,    5,   59,  193,
- /*  1280 */    19,  244,   10,   11,   12,   13,   14,  101,  309,   17,
- /*  1290 */   146,  254,  313,  193,  193,   76,  115,  216,  217,  309,
- /*  1300 */    12,  263,   30,  313,   32,   46,   87,   46,   89,  130,
- /*  1310 */   193,   92,   40,   22,  263,   27,  216,  217,  102,  103,
+ /*  1270 */    54,   55,   56,   57,  117,  194,  217,  218,  121,  100,
+ /*  1280 */    63,  194,  245,  153,  194,  155,  117,   19,  115,  194,
+ /*  1290 */    73,  214,  194,  256,  161,  116,  117,  194,  217,  218,
+ /*  1300 */   121,   77,  194,   79,  217,  218,  194,  217,  218,  117,
+ /*  1310 */   153,  154,  155,  254,   46,  217,  218,  144,  102,  103,
  /*  1320 */   104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112,  113,
- /*  1330 */    42,  150,  291,  216,  217,  116,  117,  118,   19,   20,
- /*  1340 */   193,   22,   70,  260,  116,  193,   24,  264,  193,  263,
- /*  1350 */    78,   63,   61,   81,  116,   36,  193,  260,  193,   29,
- /*  1360 */   193,  264,  193,   33,  145,  193,   59,   48,  216,  217,
- /*  1370 */    98,  216,  217,  193,  115,  193,  115,  193,   59,  216,
- /*  1380 */   217,  216,  217,  216,  217,  216,  217,  255,  216,  217,
- /*  1390 */    71,  193,  131,  193,   25,   65,  216,  217,  216,  217,
- /*  1400 */   216,  217,  208,  209,   85,  133,  193,  100,  193,   90,
- /*  1410 */   138,  139,  138,  139,  216,  217,  216,  217,  193,  100,
- /*  1420 */   193,  108,  135,  116,  117,  106,  107,  140,  121,  216,
- /*  1430 */   217,  216,  217,  114,  162,  116,  117,  118,  299,  300,
- /*  1440 */   121,  216,  217,  216,  217,  193,  244,  193,  135,  244,
- /*  1450 */   193,  256,  257,  140,  244,  193,  254,  193,  193,  254,
- /*  1460 */   153,  154,  155,  141,  254,  149,  150,  258,  216,  217,
- /*  1470 */   216,  217,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,    0,    1,    2,
- /*  1480 */   216,  217,    5,  115,  158,  193,  160,   10,   11,   12,
- /*  1490 */    13,   14,  193,   59,   17,  126,  193,   19,   20,  129,
- /*  1500 */    22,  193,   22,   22,   24,  193,   23,   30,   25,   32,
- /*  1510 */    19,   20,  144,   22,   36,  216,  217,   40,  193,  216,
- /*  1520 */   217,  193,  152,  129,  216,  217,  193,   36,  216,  217,
- /*  1530 */   193,   99,  193,  193,   53,  193,  193,   59,   23,  193,
- /*  1540 */    25,  216,  217,  193,  216,  217,  152,   70,   59,   71,
- /*  1550 */    59,  117,  193,  216,  217,   78,  216,  217,   81,  216,
- /*  1560 */   217,  318,   71,   85,  193,  133,  193,  193,   90,   23,
- /*  1570 */    23,   25,   25,  120,  121,   98,   85,  193,  100,  193,
- /*  1580 */    23,   90,   25,  121,  106,  107,   19,  216,  217,  216,
- /*  1590 */   217,  100,  114,  131,  116,  117,  118,  106,  107,  121,
- /*  1600 */   216,  217,  216,  217,  193,  114,  117,  116,  117,  118,
- /*  1610 */   133,  193,  121,  193,  193,  138,  139,  193,   23,  193,
- /*  1620 */    25,   23,   23,   25,   25,    7,    8,  216,  217,  193,
- /*  1630 */   193,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,  216,  217,  193,  162,
- /*  1640 */   216,  217,  216,  217,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,    1,
- /*  1650 */     2,  193,  193,    5,   19,   20,   59,   22,   10,   11,
- /*  1660 */    12,   13,   14,  193,   97,   17,  193,   23,  193,   25,
- /*  1670 */   288,   36,  193,  242,  216,  217,  236,   23,   30,   25,
- /*  1680 */    32,   19,   20,   23,   22,   25,  216,  217,   40,  216,
- /*  1690 */   217,  216,  217,  193,   59,  216,  217,  193,   36,   83,
- /*  1700 */    84,  153,  153,  155,  155,   23,   71,   25,   23,  193,
- /*  1710 */    25,  193,  193,  193,  117,  193,  193,  193,   70,  193,
- /*  1720 */   193,   59,  193,  255,  255,  287,   78,  255,  243,   81,
- /*  1730 */   191,  255,  297,   71,  271,  100,  293,  245,  267,  214,
- /*  1740 */   246,  106,  107,  108,  246,  271,   98,  245,  293,  114,
- /*  1750 */   220,  116,  117,  118,  267,  271,  121,  271,  225,  219,
- /*  1760 */   229,  219,  100,  219,  259,  259,  259,  259,  106,  107,
- /*  1770 */   249,  196,   60,  280,  141,  243,  114,  249,  116,  117,
- /*  1780 */   118,  133,  245,  121,  200,  297,  138,  139,  153,  154,
- /*  1790 */   155,  156,  157,  297,  200,   38,   19,   20,  151,   22,
- /*  1800 */   200,  150,  140,  294,  294,   22,  272,   43,  234,   18,
- /*  1810 */   162,  270,  200,   36,  237,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,
- /*  1820 */   237,  283,  237,  237,   18,  199,  149,  246,  272,  270,
- /*  1830 */   272,  200,  158,  246,  246,  234,   59,  234,  246,  199,
- /*  1840 */   290,   62,  289,  200,  199,   22,  221,  115,   71,  200,
- /*  1850 */   200,  199,  199,  221,  218,  218,   19,   20,   64,   22,
- /*  1860 */   218,  227,   22,  224,  126,  224,  165,  221,   24,  305,
- /*  1870 */   200,  113,  312,   36,  218,  220,  218,  100,  282,  218,
- /*  1880 */    91,  218,  317,  106,  107,  221,  227,  282,  317,   82,
- /*  1890 */   148,  114,  265,  116,  117,  118,   59,  145,  121,   22,
- /*  1900 */   277,  158,  200,  265,   25,  202,  147,  250,   71,  279,
- /*  1910 */    13,  146,  194,  194,  249,  248,  250,  140,  247,  246,
- /*  1920 */     6,  192,  192,  192,  303,  303,  213,  207,  300,  213,
- /*  1930 */   153,  154,  155,  156,  157,  213,  213,  100,  213,  222,
- /*  1940 */   207,  214,  214,  106,  107,    4,  222,  207,    3,   22,
- /*  1950 */   163,  114,   15,  116,  117,  118,   16,   23,  121,   23,
- /*  1960 */   139,  151,  130,   25,  142,   16,   24,   20,  144,    1,
- /*  1970 */   142,  130,  130,   61,   53,   53,   37,  151,   53,   53,
- /*  1980 */   130,  116,   34,    1,  141,    5,   22,  115,  161,  141,
- /*  1990 */   153,  154,  155,  156,  157,   25,   68,   68,   75,   41,
- /*  2000 */   115,   24,  131,   20,   19,  125,   22,   96,   22,   22,
- /*  2010 */    67,   23,   22,   67,   59,   24,   22,   28,   67,   23,
- /*  2020 */    22,   22,  149,   23,   23,   23,  116,   23,   25,   37,
- /*  2030 */    97,  141,   23,   23,   22,  143,   25,   75,   88,   34,
- /*  2040 */    34,   34,   34,   86,   75,   93,   23,   34,   22,   34,
- /*  2050 */    25,   24,   34,   25,   23,  142,   23,  142,   44,   23,
- /*  2060 */    23,   23,   11,   23,   25,   22,   22,   22,   15,   23,
- /*  2070 */    23,   22,   22,   25,    1,    1,  141,   25,   23,  135,
- /*  2080 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2090 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  141,  141,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2100 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2110 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2120 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2130 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2140 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2150 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2160 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2170 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2180 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2190 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2200 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2210 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2220 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2230 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2240 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2250 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2260 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2270 */   319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,  319,
- /*  2280 */   319,
+ /*  1330 */   232,  270,  153,  154,  155,  115,  116,   66,   19,   20,
+ /*  1340 */   183,   22,   12,  312,  254,  194,  262,  316,  209,  210,
+ /*  1350 */   266,  239,  194,  194,  108,   36,   85,   27,   19,   20,
+ /*  1360 */   265,   22,  183,  245,  144,   94,   25,   48,  217,  218,
+ /*  1370 */   293,  194,   42,  270,  256,   36,  217,  218,   59,  194,
+ /*  1380 */    25,  135,  194,  115,  194,  161,  140,  194,  194,   15,
+ /*  1390 */    71,  194,  312,   63,  217,  218,  316,  194,   59,  131,
+ /*  1400 */   301,  302,  217,  218,   85,  217,  218,  217,  218,   90,
+ /*  1410 */    71,  217,  218,   19,  217,  218,  245,  146,  262,  100,
+ /*  1420 */   217,  218,  266,  265,   85,  106,  107,  256,  312,   90,
+ /*  1430 */   209,  210,  316,  114,   60,  116,  117,  118,  194,  100,
+ /*  1440 */   121,  194,  194,  145,  115,  106,  107,   19,   46,   19,
+ /*  1450 */    20,   24,   22,  114,  194,  116,  117,  118,  194,  245,
+ /*  1460 */   121,  194,  164,  194,  217,  218,   36,  194,  258,  259,
+ /*  1470 */   256,  194,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,  217,  218,  150,
+ /*  1480 */    31,  217,  218,  142,  217,  218,  217,  218,   39,   59,
+ /*  1490 */   217,  218,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,  149,  150,    5,
+ /*  1500 */   145,   71,  183,  245,   10,   11,   12,   13,   14,  194,
+ /*  1510 */   116,   17,  129,  227,  256,   85,  194,  115,  194,   23,
+ /*  1520 */    90,   25,  183,   99,   30,   97,   32,   22,   22,  194,
+ /*  1530 */   100,  194,  217,  218,   40,  152,  106,  107,   23,  217,
+ /*  1540 */   218,  194,   19,   20,  114,   22,  116,  117,  118,  257,
+ /*  1550 */   194,  121,  217,  218,  217,  218,  194,  133,   53,   36,
+ /*  1560 */    23,   23,   25,   25,   70,  120,  121,   61,  141,    7,
+ /*  1570 */     8,  121,   78,  217,  218,   81,   23,  227,   25,  217,
+ /*  1580 */   218,  131,   59,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,    0,    1,
+ /*  1590 */     2,   59,   98,    5,   71,   23,  227,   25,   10,   11,
+ /*  1600 */    12,   13,   14,   83,   84,   17,   23,   23,   25,   25,
+ /*  1610 */    59,  194,  194,  183,   23,   23,   25,   25,   30,  194,
+ /*  1620 */    32,   19,   20,  100,   22,  194,  194,  133,   40,  106,
+ /*  1630 */   107,  108,  138,  139,  194,  217,  218,  114,   36,  116,
+ /*  1640 */   117,  118,  217,  218,  121,  194,  194,  194,   23,  117,
+ /*  1650 */    25,  194,   23,   23,   25,   25,  162,  194,   70,  194,
+ /*  1660 */   145,   59,   23,  153,   25,  155,   78,  194,  117,   81,
+ /*  1670 */   217,  218,  194,   71,  217,  218,  153,  154,  155,  156,
+ /*  1680 */   157,  194,  217,  218,  194,   23,   98,   25,  321,  194,
+ /*  1690 */   217,  218,  194,   19,   20,  194,   22,  153,   23,  155,
+ /*  1700 */    25,  194,  100,  194,  217,  218,  183,  194,  106,  107,
+ /*  1710 */    36,  194,  217,  218,  237,  194,  114,  243,  116,  117,
+ /*  1720 */   118,  133,  194,  121,  217,  218,  138,  139,  194,  194,
+ /*  1730 */   194,  290,  289,   59,  217,  218,  194,  194,  217,  218,
+ /*  1740 */   194,  194,  140,  194,  194,   71,  194,  244,  194,  194,
+ /*  1750 */   162,  217,  218,  194,  194,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,
+ /*  1760 */   217,  218,  194,  217,  218,  194,  217,  218,  257,  217,
+ /*  1770 */   218,  217,  218,  257,  100,  194,  257,  217,  218,  257,
+ /*  1780 */   106,  107,  215,  299,  194,  183,  192,  194,  114,  194,
+ /*  1790 */   116,  117,  118,    1,    2,  121,  221,    5,  217,  218,
+ /*  1800 */   273,  197,   10,   11,   12,   13,   14,  217,  218,   17,
+ /*  1810 */   217,  218,  217,  218,  140,  194,  246,  194,  273,  295,
+ /*  1820 */   247,  273,   30,  247,   32,  269,  269,  153,  154,  155,
+ /*  1830 */   156,  157,   40,  246,  273,  295,  230,  226,  217,  218,
+ /*  1840 */   217,  218,  220,  261,  220,  282,  220,   19,   20,  244,
+ /*  1850 */    22,  250,  141,  250,  246,   60,  201,  183,  261,  261,
+ /*  1860 */   261,  201,   70,  299,   36,  299,  201,   38,  151,  150,
+ /*  1870 */    78,  285,   22,   81,  296,  296,   43,  235,   18,  238,
+ /*  1880 */   201,  274,  272,  238,  238,  238,   18,   59,  200,  149,
+ /*  1890 */    98,  247,  274,  274,  235,  247,  247,  247,  235,   71,
+ /*  1900 */   272,  201,  200,  158,  292,   62,  291,  201,  200,   22,
+ /*  1910 */   201,  222,  200,  222,  201,  200,  115,  219,  219,   64,
+ /*  1920 */   219,  228,   22,  126,  221,  133,  165,  222,  100,  225,
+ /*  1930 */   138,  139,  225,  219,  106,  107,   24,  219,  228,  219,
+ /*  1940 */   219,  307,  114,  113,  116,  117,  118,  315,  284,  121,
+ /*  1950 */   284,  222,  201,   91,  162,  320,  320,   82,  148,  267,
+ /*  1960 */   145,  267,   22,  279,  201,  158,  281,  251,  147,  146,
+ /*  1970 */    25,  203,  250,  249,  251,  248,   13,  247,  195,  195,
+ /*  1980 */     6,  153,  154,  155,  156,  157,  193,  193,  305,  193,
+ /*  1990 */   208,  305,  302,  214,  214,  214,  208,  223,  223,  214,
+ /*  2000 */     4,  215,  215,  214,    3,   22,  208,  163,   15,   23,
+ /*  2010 */    16,  183,   23,  139,  151,  130,   25,   20,  142,   24,
+ /*  2020 */    16,  144,    1,  142,  130,  130,   61,   37,   53,  151,
+ /*  2030 */    53,   53,   53,  130,  116,    1,   34,  141,    5,   22,
+ /*  2040 */   115,  161,   75,   25,   68,  141,   41,  115,   68,   24,
+ /*  2050 */    20,   19,  131,  125,   67,   67,   96,   22,   22,   22,
+ /*  2060 */    37,   23,   22,   24,   22,   59,   67,   23,  149,   28,
+ /*  2070 */    22,   25,   23,   23,   23,   22,  141,   34,   97,   23,
+ /*  2080 */    23,   34,  116,   22,  143,   25,   34,   75,   34,   34,
+ /*  2090 */    75,   88,   34,   86,   23,   22,   34,   25,   24,   34,
+ /*  2100 */    25,   93,   23,   44,  142,   23,  142,   23,   23,   22,
+ /*  2110 */    11,   25,   23,   25,   23,   22,   22,   22,    1,   23,
+ /*  2120 */    23,   23,   22,   22,   15,  141,  141,   25,   25,    1,
+ /*  2130 */   322,  322,  322,  135,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2140 */   322,  141,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2150 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2160 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2170 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2180 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2190 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2200 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2210 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2220 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2230 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2240 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2250 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2260 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2270 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2280 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2290 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2300 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2310 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
+ /*  2320 */   322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,  322,
 };
-#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (574)
+#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (582)
 #define YY_SHIFT_MIN      (0)
-#define YY_SHIFT_MAX      (2074)
+#define YY_SHIFT_MAX      (2128)
 static const unsigned short int yy_shift_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */  1648, 1477, 1272,  322,  322,    1, 1319, 1478, 1491, 1837,
- /*    10 */  1837, 1837,  471,    0,    0,  214, 1093, 1837, 1837, 1837,
- /*    20 */  1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837,
- /*    30 */   271,  271, 1219, 1219,  216,   88,    1,    1,    1,    1,
- /*    40 */     1,   40,  111,  258,  361,  469,  512,  583,  622,  693,
- /*    50 */   732,  803,  842,  913, 1073, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093,
- /*    60 */  1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093,
- /*    70 */  1093, 1093, 1093, 1113, 1093, 1216,  957,  957, 1635, 1662,
- /*    80 */  1777, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837,
- /*    90 */  1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837,
- /*   100 */  1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837,
- /*   110 */  1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837,
- /*   120 */  1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837, 1837,
- /*   130 */   137,  181,  181,  181,  181,  181,  181,  181,   94,  430,
- /*   140 */    66,   65,  112,  366,  533,  533,  740, 1261,  533,  533,
- /*   150 */    79,   79,  533,  412,  412,  412,   77,  412,  123,  113,
- /*   160 */   113,   22,   22, 2096, 2096,  328,  328,  328,  239,  468,
- /*   170 */   468,  468,  468, 1015, 1015,  409,  366, 1129, 1186,  533,
- /*   180 */   533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,
- /*   190 */   533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  969,
- /*   200 */   621,  621,  533,  642,  788,  788, 1228, 1228,  822,  822,
- /*   210 */    67, 1274, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 1307,
- /*   220 */   954,  954,  585,  472,  640,  387,  695,  538,  541,  700,
- /*   230 */   533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,
- /*   240 */   222,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,
- /*   250 */   533,  533,  533, 1179, 1179, 1179,  533,  533,  533,  565,
- /*   260 */   533,  533,  533,  916, 1144,  533,  533, 1288,  533,  533,
- /*   270 */   533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  533,  639, 1330,  209, 1076,
- /*   280 */  1076, 1076, 1076,  580,  209,  209, 1313,  768,  917,  649,
- /*   290 */  1181, 1316,  405, 1316, 1238,  249, 1181, 1181,  249, 1181,
- /*   300 */   405, 1238, 1369,  464, 1259, 1012, 1012, 1012, 1368, 1368,
- /*   310 */  1368, 1368,  184,  184, 1326,  904, 1287, 1480, 1712, 1712,
- /*   320 */  1633, 1633, 1757, 1757, 1633, 1647, 1651, 1783, 1764, 1791,
- /*   330 */  1791, 1791, 1791, 1633, 1806, 1677, 1651, 1651, 1677, 1783,
- /*   340 */  1764, 1677, 1764, 1677, 1633, 1806, 1674, 1779, 1633, 1806,
- /*   350 */  1823, 1633, 1806, 1633, 1806, 1823, 1732, 1732, 1732, 1794,
- /*   360 */  1840, 1840, 1823, 1732, 1738, 1732, 1794, 1732, 1732, 1701,
- /*   370 */  1844, 1758, 1758, 1823, 1633, 1789, 1789, 1807, 1807, 1742,
- /*   380 */  1752, 1877, 1633, 1743, 1742, 1759, 1765, 1677, 1879, 1897,
- /*   390 */  1897, 1914, 1914, 1914, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096,
- /*   400 */  2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096, 2096,  207,
- /*   410 */  1095,  331,  620,  903,  806, 1074, 1483, 1432, 1481, 1322,
- /*   420 */  1370, 1394, 1515, 1291, 1546, 1547, 1557, 1595, 1598, 1599,
- /*   430 */  1434, 1453, 1618, 1462, 1567, 1489, 1644, 1654, 1616, 1660,
- /*   440 */  1548, 1549, 1682, 1685, 1597,  742, 1941, 1945, 1927, 1787,
- /*   450 */  1937, 1940, 1934, 1936, 1821, 1810, 1832, 1938, 1938, 1942,
- /*   460 */  1822, 1947, 1824, 1949, 1968, 1828, 1841, 1938, 1842, 1912,
- /*   470 */  1939, 1938, 1826, 1921, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1850, 1865, 1948,
- /*   480 */  1843, 1982, 1980, 1964, 1872, 1827, 1928, 1970, 1929, 1923,
- /*   490 */  1958, 1848, 1885, 1977, 1983, 1985, 1871, 1880, 1984, 1943,
- /*   500 */  1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1946, 1955, 1991, 1911, 1989, 1994,
- /*   510 */  1951, 1992, 1996, 1873, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
- /*   520 */  1999, 1933, 1890, 2009, 2010, 1910, 2005, 2012, 1892, 2011,
- /*   530 */  2006, 2007, 2008, 2013, 1950, 1962, 1957, 2014, 1969, 1952,
- /*   540 */  2015, 2023, 2026, 2027, 2025, 2028, 2018, 1913, 1915, 2031,
- /*   550 */  2011, 2033, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2043, 2051, 2044,
- /*   560 */  2045, 2046, 2047, 2049, 2050, 2048, 1944, 1935, 1953, 1954,
- /*   570 */  2052, 2055, 2053, 2073, 2074,
+ /*     0 */  1792, 1588, 1494,  322,  322,  399,  306, 1319, 1339, 1430,
+ /*    10 */  1828, 1828, 1828,  580,  399,  399,  399,  399,  399,    0,
+ /*    20 */     0,  214, 1093, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828,
+ /*    30 */  1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1130, 1130,
+ /*    40 */   365,  365,   55,  278,  436,  713,  713,  201,  201,  201,
+ /*    50 */   201,   40,  111,  258,  361,  469,  512,  583,  622,  693,
+ /*    60 */   732,  803,  842,  913, 1073, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093,
+ /*    70 */  1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093, 1093,
+ /*    80 */  1093, 1093, 1093, 1113, 1093, 1216,  957,  957, 1523, 1602,
+ /*    90 */  1674, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828,
+ /*   100 */  1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828,
+ /*   110 */  1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828,
+ /*   120 */  1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828,
+ /*   130 */  1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828, 1828,
+ /*   140 */   137,  181,  181,  181,  181,  181,  181,  181,   96,  222,
+ /*   150 */   143,  477,  713, 1133, 1268,  713,  713,   79,   79,  713,
+ /*   160 */   770,   83,   65,   65,   65,  288,  162,  162, 2142, 2142,
+ /*   170 */   696,  696,  696,  238,  474,  474,  474,  474, 1217, 1217,
+ /*   180 */   678,  477,  324,  398,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,
+ /*   190 */   713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,
+ /*   200 */   713,  713,  713, 1220,  366,  366,  713,  917,  283,  283,
+ /*   210 */   434,  434,  605,  605, 1298, 2142, 2142, 2142, 2142, 2142,
+ /*   220 */  2142, 2142, 1179, 1157, 1157,  487,  527,  585,  645,  749,
+ /*   230 */   914,  968,  752,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,
+ /*   240 */   713,  713,  713,  303,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,
+ /*   250 */   713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  797,  797,  797,  713,
+ /*   260 */   713,  713,  959,  713,  713,  713, 1169, 1271,  713,  713,
+ /*   270 */  1330,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  713,  629,
+ /*   280 */     7,   91,  876,  876,  876,  876,  953,   91,   91, 1246,
+ /*   290 */  1065, 1106, 1374, 1329, 1348,  468, 1348, 1394,  785, 1329,
+ /*   300 */  1329,  785, 1329,  468, 1394,  859,  854, 1402, 1449, 1449,
+ /*   310 */  1449, 1173, 1173, 1173, 1173, 1355, 1355, 1030, 1341,  405,
+ /*   320 */  1230, 1795, 1795, 1711, 1711, 1829, 1829, 1711, 1717, 1719,
+ /*   330 */  1850, 1833, 1860, 1860, 1860, 1860, 1711, 1868, 1740, 1719,
+ /*   340 */  1719, 1740, 1850, 1833, 1740, 1833, 1740, 1711, 1868, 1745,
+ /*   350 */  1843, 1711, 1868, 1887, 1711, 1868, 1711, 1868, 1887, 1801,
+ /*   360 */  1801, 1801, 1855, 1900, 1900, 1887, 1801, 1797, 1801, 1855,
+ /*   370 */  1801, 1801, 1761, 1912, 1830, 1830, 1887, 1711, 1862, 1862,
+ /*   380 */  1875, 1875, 1810, 1815, 1940, 1711, 1807, 1810, 1821, 1823,
+ /*   390 */  1740, 1945, 1963, 1963, 1974, 1974, 1974, 2142, 2142, 2142,
+ /*   400 */  2142, 2142, 2142, 2142, 2142, 2142, 2142, 2142, 2142, 2142,
+ /*   410 */  2142, 2142,   20, 1224,  256, 1111, 1115, 1114, 1192, 1496,
+ /*   420 */  1424, 1505, 1427,  355, 1383, 1537, 1506, 1538, 1553, 1583,
+ /*   430 */  1584, 1591, 1625,  541, 1445, 1562, 1450, 1572, 1515, 1428,
+ /*   440 */  1532, 1592, 1629, 1520, 1630, 1639, 1510, 1544, 1662, 1675,
+ /*   450 */  1551,   48, 1996, 2001, 1983, 1844, 1993, 1994, 1986, 1989,
+ /*   460 */  1874, 1863, 1885, 1991, 1991, 1995, 1876, 1997, 1877, 2004,
+ /*   470 */  2021, 1881, 1894, 1991, 1895, 1965, 1990, 1991, 1878, 1975,
+ /*   480 */  1977, 1978, 1979, 1903, 1918, 2002, 1896, 2034, 2033, 2017,
+ /*   490 */  1925, 1880, 1976, 2018, 1980, 1967, 2005, 1904, 1932, 2025,
+ /*   500 */  2030, 2032, 1921, 1928, 2035, 1987, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2040,
+ /*   510 */  1988, 2006, 2039, 1960, 2041, 2042, 1999, 2023, 2044, 2043,
+ /*   520 */  1919, 2048, 2049, 2050, 2046, 2051, 2053, 1981, 1935, 2056,
+ /*   530 */  2057, 1966, 2047, 2061, 1941, 2060, 2052, 2054, 2055, 2058,
+ /*   540 */  2003, 2012, 2007, 2059, 2015, 2008, 2062, 2071, 2073, 2074,
+ /*   550 */  2072, 2075, 2065, 1962, 1964, 2079, 2060, 2082, 2084, 2085,
+ /*   560 */  2087, 2086, 2089, 2088, 2091, 2093, 2099, 2094, 2095, 2096,
+ /*   570 */  2097, 2100, 2101, 2102, 1998, 1984, 1985, 2000, 2103, 2098,
+ /*   580 */  2109, 2117, 2128,
 };
-#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (408)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-271)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1740)
+#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (411)
+#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-275)
+#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1798)
 static const short yy_reduce_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */  -125,  733,  789,  241,  293, -123, -193, -191, -183, -187,
- /*    10 */   166,  238,  133, -207, -199, -267, -176,   -6,  204,  489,
- /*    20 */   576, -175,  598,  686,  615,  725,  860,  778,  781,  857,
- /*    30 */   616,  887,   87,  240, -192,  408,  626,  796,  843,  854,
- /*    40 */  1003, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271,
- /*    50 */  -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271,
- /*    60 */  -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271,
- /*    70 */  -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271,   80,   83,
- /*    80 */   313,  886,  888,  996, 1034, 1059, 1081, 1100, 1117, 1152,
- /*    90 */  1155, 1163, 1165, 1167, 1169, 1172, 1180, 1182, 1184, 1198,
- /*   100 */  1200, 1213, 1215, 1225, 1227, 1252, 1254, 1264, 1299, 1303,
- /*   110 */  1308, 1312, 1325, 1328, 1337, 1340, 1343, 1371, 1373, 1384,
- /*   120 */  1386, 1411, 1420, 1424, 1426, 1458, 1470, 1473, 1475, 1479,
- /*   130 */  -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271, -271,
- /*   140 */  -271,  138,  459,  396, -158,  470,  302, -212,  521,  201,
- /*   150 */  -195,  -92,  559,  630,  632,  630, -271,  632,  901,   63,
- /*   160 */   407, -271, -271, -271, -271,  161,  161,  161,  251,  335,
- /*   170 */   847,  960,  980,  537,  588,  618,  628,  688,  688, -166,
- /*   180 */  -161,  674,  790,  794,  799,  851,  852, -122,  680, -120,
- /*   190 */   995, 1038,  415, 1051,  893,  798,  962,  400, 1086,  779,
- /*   200 */   923,  924,  263, 1041,  979,  990, 1083, 1097, 1031, 1194,
- /*   210 */   362,  994, 1139, 1005, 1037, 1202, 1205, 1195, 1210, -194,
- /*   220 */    56,  185, -135,  232,  522,  560,  601,  617,  669,  683,
- /*   230 */   711,  856,  908,  941, 1048, 1101, 1147, 1257, 1262, 1265,
- /*   240 */   392, 1292, 1333, 1339, 1342, 1346, 1350, 1359, 1374, 1418,
- /*   250 */  1421, 1436, 1437,  593,  755,  770,  997, 1445, 1459, 1209,
- /*   260 */  1500, 1504, 1516, 1132, 1243, 1518, 1519, 1440, 1520,  560,
- /*   270 */  1522, 1523, 1524, 1526, 1527, 1529, 1382, 1438, 1431, 1468,
- /*   280 */  1469, 1472, 1476, 1209, 1431, 1431, 1485, 1525, 1539, 1435,
- /*   290 */  1463, 1471, 1492, 1487, 1443, 1494, 1474, 1484, 1498, 1486,
- /*   300 */  1502, 1455, 1530, 1531, 1533, 1540, 1542, 1544, 1505, 1506,
- /*   310 */  1507, 1508, 1521, 1528, 1493, 1537, 1532, 1575, 1488, 1496,
- /*   320 */  1584, 1594, 1509, 1510, 1600, 1538, 1534, 1541, 1574, 1577,
- /*   330 */  1583, 1585, 1586, 1612, 1626, 1581, 1556, 1558, 1587, 1559,
- /*   340 */  1601, 1588, 1603, 1592, 1631, 1640, 1550, 1553, 1643, 1645,
- /*   350 */  1625, 1649, 1652, 1650, 1653, 1632, 1636, 1637, 1642, 1634,
- /*   360 */  1639, 1641, 1646, 1656, 1655, 1658, 1659, 1661, 1663, 1560,
- /*   370 */  1564, 1596, 1605, 1664, 1670, 1565, 1571, 1627, 1638, 1657,
- /*   380 */  1665, 1623, 1702, 1630, 1666, 1667, 1671, 1673, 1703, 1718,
- /*   390 */  1719, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1621, 1622, 1628, 1720, 1713, 1716,
- /*   400 */  1722, 1723, 1733, 1717, 1724, 1727, 1728, 1725, 1740,
+ /*     0 */   -71,  194,  343,  835, -180, -177,  838, -194, -188, -185,
+ /*    10 */  -183,   82,  183,  -65,  133,  245,  346,  407,  458, -178,
+ /*    20 */    75, -275,   -4,  310,  312,  489,  575,  596,  463,  686,
+ /*    30 */   707,  725,  780, 1098,  856,  778, 1059, 1090,  708,  887,
+ /*    40 */    86,  448,  980,  630,  680,  681,  684,  796,  801,  796,
+ /*    50 */   801, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261,
+ /*    60 */  -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261,
+ /*    70 */  -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261,
+ /*    80 */  -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261,  391,  886,
+ /*    90 */   888, 1013, 1016, 1081, 1087, 1151, 1159, 1177, 1185, 1188,
+ /*   100 */  1190, 1194, 1197, 1203, 1247, 1260, 1264, 1267, 1269, 1273,
+ /*   110 */  1315, 1322, 1335, 1337, 1356, 1362, 1418, 1425, 1453, 1457,
+ /*   120 */  1465, 1473, 1487, 1495, 1507, 1517, 1521, 1534, 1543, 1546,
+ /*   130 */  1549, 1552, 1554, 1560, 1581, 1590, 1593, 1595, 1621, 1623,
+ /*   140 */  -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261, -261,
+ /*   150 */  -261, -186, -117,  260,  263,  460,  631,  -74,  497, -181,
+ /*   160 */  -261,  939,  176,  274,  338,  676, -261, -261, -261, -261,
+ /*   170 */  -212, -212, -212, -184,  149,  777, 1061, 1103,  265,  419,
+ /*   180 */  -254,  670,  677,  677,  -11, -129,  184,  488,  736,  789,
+ /*   190 */   805,  844,  403,  529,  579,  668,  783,  841, 1158, 1112,
+ /*   200 */   806,  861, 1095,  846,  839, 1031, -189, 1077, 1080, 1116,
+ /*   210 */  1084, 1156, 1139, 1221,   46, 1099, 1037, 1118, 1171, 1214,
+ /*   220 */  1210, 1258, -210, -190, -176, -115,  117,  262,  376,  490,
+ /*   230 */   511,  520,  618,  639,  743,  901,  907,  958, 1014, 1055,
+ /*   240 */  1108, 1193, 1244,  720, 1248, 1277, 1324, 1347, 1417, 1431,
+ /*   250 */  1432, 1440, 1451, 1452, 1463, 1478, 1286, 1350, 1369, 1490,
+ /*   260 */  1498, 1501,  773, 1509, 1513, 1528, 1292, 1367, 1535, 1536,
+ /*   270 */  1477, 1542,  376, 1547, 1550, 1555, 1559, 1568, 1571, 1441,
+ /*   280 */  1443, 1474, 1511, 1516, 1519, 1522,  773, 1474, 1474, 1503,
+ /*   290 */  1567, 1594, 1484, 1527, 1556, 1570, 1557, 1524, 1573, 1545,
+ /*   300 */  1548, 1576, 1561, 1587, 1540, 1575, 1606, 1611, 1622, 1624,
+ /*   310 */  1626, 1582, 1597, 1598, 1599, 1601, 1603, 1563, 1608, 1605,
+ /*   320 */  1604, 1564, 1566, 1655, 1660, 1578, 1579, 1665, 1586, 1607,
+ /*   330 */  1610, 1642, 1641, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1679, 1688, 1644, 1618,
+ /*   340 */  1619, 1648, 1628, 1659, 1649, 1663, 1650, 1700, 1702, 1612,
+ /*   350 */  1615, 1706, 1708, 1689, 1709, 1712, 1713, 1715, 1691, 1698,
+ /*   360 */  1699, 1701, 1693, 1704, 1707, 1705, 1714, 1703, 1718, 1710,
+ /*   370 */  1720, 1721, 1632, 1634, 1664, 1666, 1729, 1751, 1635, 1636,
+ /*   380 */  1692, 1694, 1716, 1722, 1684, 1763, 1685, 1723, 1724, 1727,
+ /*   390 */  1730, 1768, 1783, 1784, 1793, 1794, 1796, 1683, 1686, 1690,
+ /*   400 */  1782, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1785, 1788, 1774, 1775, 1786, 1787,
+ /*   410 */  1789, 1798,
 };
 static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_default[] = {
- /*     0 */  1639, 1639, 1639, 1469, 1236, 1347, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1469,
- /*    10 */  1469, 1469, 1236, 1377, 1377, 1522, 1269, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*    20 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1468, 1236, 1236,
- /*    30 */  1236, 1236, 1555, 1555, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*    40 */  1236, 1236, 1386, 1236, 1393, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*    50 */  1470, 1471, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1521, 1523, 1486, 1400, 1399,
- /*    60 */  1398, 1397, 1504, 1365, 1391, 1384, 1388, 1465, 1466, 1464,
- /*    70 */  1617, 1471, 1470, 1236, 1387, 1433, 1449, 1432, 1236, 1236,
- /*    80 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*    90 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   100 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   110 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   120 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   130 */  1441, 1448, 1447, 1446, 1455, 1445, 1442, 1435, 1434, 1436,
- /*   140 */  1437, 1236, 1236, 1260, 1236, 1236, 1257, 1311, 1236, 1236,
- /*   150 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1541, 1540, 1236, 1438, 1236, 1269, 1427,
- /*   160 */  1426, 1452, 1439, 1451, 1450, 1529, 1591, 1590, 1487, 1236,
- /*   170 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1555, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   180 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   190 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1367,
- /*   200 */  1555, 1555, 1236, 1269, 1555, 1555, 1368, 1368, 1265, 1265,
- /*   210 */  1371, 1236, 1536, 1338, 1338, 1338, 1338, 1347, 1338, 1236,
- /*   220 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   230 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1526, 1524, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   240 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   250 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   260 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1343, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   270 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1584, 1236, 1499, 1325, 1343,
- /*   280 */  1343, 1343, 1343, 1345, 1326, 1324, 1337, 1270, 1243, 1631,
- /*   290 */  1403, 1392, 1344, 1392, 1628, 1390, 1403, 1403, 1390, 1403,
- /*   300 */  1344, 1628, 1286, 1606, 1281, 1377, 1377, 1377, 1367, 1367,
- /*   310 */  1367, 1367, 1371, 1371, 1467, 1344, 1337, 1236, 1631, 1631,
- /*   320 */  1353, 1353, 1630, 1630, 1353, 1487, 1614, 1412, 1314, 1320,
- /*   330 */  1320, 1320, 1320, 1353, 1254, 1390, 1614, 1614, 1390, 1412,
- /*   340 */  1314, 1390, 1314, 1390, 1353, 1254, 1503, 1625, 1353, 1254,
- /*   350 */  1477, 1353, 1254, 1353, 1254, 1477, 1312, 1312, 1312, 1301,
- /*   360 */  1236, 1236, 1477, 1312, 1286, 1312, 1301, 1312, 1312, 1573,
- /*   370 */  1236, 1481, 1481, 1477, 1353, 1565, 1565, 1380, 1380, 1385,
- /*   380 */  1371, 1472, 1353, 1236, 1385, 1383, 1381, 1390, 1304, 1587,
- /*   390 */  1587, 1583, 1583, 1583, 1636, 1636, 1536, 1599, 1269, 1269,
- /*   400 */  1269, 1269, 1599, 1288, 1288, 1270, 1270, 1269, 1599, 1236,
- /*   410 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1594, 1236, 1531, 1488, 1357,
- /*   420 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   430 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1542, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   440 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1417, 1236, 1239, 1533, 1236,
- /*   450 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1394, 1395, 1358,
- /*   460 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1409, 1236, 1236,
- /*   470 */  1236, 1404, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   480 */  1627, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1502, 1501, 1236,
- /*   490 */  1236, 1355, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   500 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1284, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   510 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   520 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1382,
- /*   530 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   540 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1570, 1372, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   550 */  1618, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236,
- /*   560 */  1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1236, 1610, 1328, 1418, 1236, 1421,
- /*   570 */  1258, 1236, 1248, 1236, 1236,
+ /*     0 */  1663, 1663, 1663, 1491, 1254, 1367, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*    10 */  1491, 1491, 1491, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1397,
+ /*    20 */  1397, 1544, 1287, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*    30 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1490, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*    40 */  1578, 1578, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1563, 1562, 1254,
+ /*    50 */  1254, 1254, 1406, 1254, 1413, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*    60 */  1492, 1493, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1543, 1545, 1508, 1420, 1419,
+ /*    70 */  1418, 1417, 1526, 1385, 1411, 1404, 1408, 1487, 1488, 1486,
+ /*    80 */  1641, 1493, 1492, 1254, 1407, 1455, 1471, 1454, 1254, 1254,
+ /*    90 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   100 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   110 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   120 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   130 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   140 */  1463, 1470, 1469, 1468, 1477, 1467, 1464, 1457, 1456, 1458,
+ /*   150 */  1459, 1278, 1254, 1275, 1329, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   160 */  1460, 1287, 1448, 1447, 1446, 1254, 1474, 1461, 1473, 1472,
+ /*   170 */  1551, 1615, 1614, 1509, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   180 */  1578, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   190 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   200 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1387, 1578, 1578, 1254, 1287, 1578, 1578,
+ /*   210 */  1388, 1388, 1283, 1283, 1391, 1558, 1358, 1358, 1358, 1358,
+ /*   220 */  1367, 1358, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   230 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1548, 1546, 1254,
+ /*   240 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   250 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   260 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1363, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   270 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1608, 1254,
+ /*   280 */  1521, 1343, 1363, 1363, 1363, 1363, 1365, 1344, 1342, 1357,
+ /*   290 */  1288, 1261, 1655, 1423, 1412, 1364, 1412, 1652, 1410, 1423,
+ /*   300 */  1423, 1410, 1423, 1364, 1652, 1304, 1630, 1299, 1397, 1397,
+ /*   310 */  1397, 1387, 1387, 1387, 1387, 1391, 1391, 1489, 1364, 1357,
+ /*   320 */  1254, 1655, 1655, 1373, 1373, 1654, 1654, 1373, 1509, 1638,
+ /*   330 */  1432, 1332, 1338, 1338, 1338, 1338, 1373, 1272, 1410, 1638,
+ /*   340 */  1638, 1410, 1432, 1332, 1410, 1332, 1410, 1373, 1272, 1525,
+ /*   350 */  1649, 1373, 1272, 1499, 1373, 1272, 1373, 1272, 1499, 1330,
+ /*   360 */  1330, 1330, 1319, 1254, 1254, 1499, 1330, 1304, 1330, 1319,
+ /*   370 */  1330, 1330, 1596, 1254, 1503, 1503, 1499, 1373, 1588, 1588,
+ /*   380 */  1400, 1400, 1405, 1391, 1494, 1373, 1254, 1405, 1403, 1401,
+ /*   390 */  1410, 1322, 1611, 1611, 1607, 1607, 1607, 1660, 1660, 1558,
+ /*   400 */  1623, 1287, 1287, 1287, 1287, 1623, 1306, 1306, 1288, 1288,
+ /*   410 */  1287, 1623, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1618, 1254,
+ /*   420 */  1553, 1510, 1377, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   430 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1564,
+ /*   440 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   450 */  1254, 1437, 1254, 1257, 1555, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   460 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1414, 1415, 1378, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   470 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1429, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1424, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   480 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1651, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   490 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1524, 1523, 1254, 1254, 1375, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   500 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   510 */  1254, 1302, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   520 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   530 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1402, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   540 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   550 */  1593, 1392, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1642, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   560 */  1254, 1352, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1254,
+ /*   570 */  1254, 1254, 1254, 1634, 1346, 1438, 1254, 1441, 1276, 1254,
+ /*   580 */  1266, 1254, 1254,
 };
 /********** End of lemon-generated parsing tables *****************************/
 
@@ -170615,8 +173902,8 @@ static const YYCODETYPE yyFallback[] = {
     0,  /*  TRUEFALSE => nothing */
     0,  /*      ISNOT => nothing */
     0,  /*   FUNCTION => nothing */
-    0,  /*     UMINUS => nothing */
     0,  /*      UPLUS => nothing */
+    0,  /*     UMINUS => nothing */
     0,  /*      TRUTH => nothing */
     0,  /*   REGISTER => nothing */
     0,  /*     VECTOR => nothing */
@@ -170625,6 +173912,7 @@ static const YYCODETYPE yyFallback[] = {
     0,  /*   ASTERISK => nothing */
     0,  /*       SPAN => nothing */
     0,  /*      ERROR => nothing */
+    0,  /*    QNUMBER => nothing */
     0,  /*      SPACE => nothing */
     0,  /*    ILLEGAL => nothing */
 };
@@ -170667,14 +173955,9 @@ struct yyParser {
 #endif
   sqlite3ParserARG_SDECL                /* A place to hold %extra_argument */
   sqlite3ParserCTX_SDECL                /* A place to hold %extra_context */
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-  int yystksz;                  /* Current side of the stack */
-  yyStackEntry *yystack;        /* The parser's stack */
-  yyStackEntry yystk0;          /* First stack entry */
-#else
-  yyStackEntry yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* The parser's stack */
-  yyStackEntry *yystackEnd;            /* Last entry in the stack */
-#endif
+  yyStackEntry *yystackEnd;           /* Last entry in the stack */
+  yyStackEntry *yystack;              /* The parser stack */
+  yyStackEntry yystk0[YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* Initial stack space */
 };
 typedef struct yyParser yyParser;
 
@@ -170888,8 +174171,8 @@ static const char *const yyTokenName[] = {
   /*  170 */ "TRUEFALSE",
   /*  171 */ "ISNOT",
   /*  172 */ "FUNCTION",
-  /*  173 */ "UMINUS",
-  /*  174 */ "UPLUS",
+  /*  173 */ "UPLUS",
+  /*  174 */ "UMINUS",
   /*  175 */ "TRUTH",
   /*  176 */ "REGISTER",
   /*  177 */ "VECTOR",
@@ -170898,142 +174181,145 @@ static const char *const yyTokenName[] = {
   /*  180 */ "ASTERISK",
   /*  181 */ "SPAN",
   /*  182 */ "ERROR",
-  /*  183 */ "SPACE",
-  /*  184 */ "ILLEGAL",
-  /*  185 */ "input",
-  /*  186 */ "cmdlist",
-  /*  187 */ "ecmd",
-  /*  188 */ "cmdx",
-  /*  189 */ "explain",
-  /*  190 */ "cmd",
-  /*  191 */ "transtype",
-  /*  192 */ "trans_opt",
-  /*  193 */ "nm",
-  /*  194 */ "savepoint_opt",
-  /*  195 */ "create_table",
-  /*  196 */ "create_table_args",
-  /*  197 */ "createkw",
-  /*  198 */ "temp",
-  /*  199 */ "ifnotexists",
-  /*  200 */ "dbnm",
-  /*  201 */ "columnlist",
-  /*  202 */ "conslist_opt",
-  /*  203 */ "table_option_set",
-  /*  204 */ "select",
-  /*  205 */ "table_option",
-  /*  206 */ "columnname",
-  /*  207 */ "carglist",
-  /*  208 */ "typetoken",
-  /*  209 */ "typename",
-  /*  210 */ "signed",
-  /*  211 */ "plus_num",
-  /*  212 */ "minus_num",
-  /*  213 */ "scanpt",
-  /*  214 */ "scantok",
-  /*  215 */ "ccons",
-  /*  216 */ "term",
-  /*  217 */ "expr",
-  /*  218 */ "onconf",
-  /*  219 */ "sortorder",
-  /*  220 */ "autoinc",
-  /*  221 */ "eidlist_opt",
-  /*  222 */ "refargs",
-  /*  223 */ "defer_subclause",
-  /*  224 */ "generated",
-  /*  225 */ "refarg",
-  /*  226 */ "refact",
-  /*  227 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt",
-  /*  228 */ "conslist",
-  /*  229 */ "tconscomma",
-  /*  230 */ "tcons",
-  /*  231 */ "sortlist",
-  /*  232 */ "eidlist",
-  /*  233 */ "defer_subclause_opt",
-  /*  234 */ "orconf",
-  /*  235 */ "resolvetype",
-  /*  236 */ "raisetype",
-  /*  237 */ "ifexists",
-  /*  238 */ "fullname",
-  /*  239 */ "selectnowith",
-  /*  240 */ "oneselect",
-  /*  241 */ "wqlist",
-  /*  242 */ "multiselect_op",
-  /*  243 */ "distinct",
-  /*  244 */ "selcollist",
-  /*  245 */ "from",
-  /*  246 */ "where_opt",
-  /*  247 */ "groupby_opt",
-  /*  248 */ "having_opt",
-  /*  249 */ "orderby_opt",
-  /*  250 */ "limit_opt",
-  /*  251 */ "window_clause",
-  /*  252 */ "values",
-  /*  253 */ "nexprlist",
-  /*  254 */ "sclp",
-  /*  255 */ "as",
-  /*  256 */ "seltablist",
-  /*  257 */ "stl_prefix",
-  /*  258 */ "joinop",
-  /*  259 */ "on_using",
-  /*  260 */ "indexed_by",
-  /*  261 */ "exprlist",
-  /*  262 */ "xfullname",
-  /*  263 */ "idlist",
-  /*  264 */ "indexed_opt",
-  /*  265 */ "nulls",
-  /*  266 */ "with",
-  /*  267 */ "where_opt_ret",
-  /*  268 */ "setlist",
-  /*  269 */ "insert_cmd",
-  /*  270 */ "idlist_opt",
-  /*  271 */ "upsert",
-  /*  272 */ "returning",
-  /*  273 */ "filter_over",
-  /*  274 */ "likeop",
-  /*  275 */ "between_op",
-  /*  276 */ "in_op",
-  /*  277 */ "paren_exprlist",
-  /*  278 */ "case_operand",
-  /*  279 */ "case_exprlist",
-  /*  280 */ "case_else",
-  /*  281 */ "uniqueflag",
-  /*  282 */ "collate",
-  /*  283 */ "vinto",
-  /*  284 */ "nmnum",
-  /*  285 */ "trigger_decl",
-  /*  286 */ "trigger_cmd_list",
-  /*  287 */ "trigger_time",
-  /*  288 */ "trigger_event",
-  /*  289 */ "foreach_clause",
-  /*  290 */ "when_clause",
-  /*  291 */ "trigger_cmd",
-  /*  292 */ "trnm",
-  /*  293 */ "tridxby",
-  /*  294 */ "database_kw_opt",
-  /*  295 */ "key_opt",
-  /*  296 */ "add_column_fullname",
-  /*  297 */ "kwcolumn_opt",
-  /*  298 */ "create_vtab",
-  /*  299 */ "vtabarglist",
-  /*  300 */ "vtabarg",
-  /*  301 */ "vtabargtoken",
-  /*  302 */ "lp",
-  /*  303 */ "anylist",
-  /*  304 */ "wqitem",
-  /*  305 */ "wqas",
-  /*  306 */ "windowdefn_list",
-  /*  307 */ "windowdefn",
-  /*  308 */ "window",
-  /*  309 */ "frame_opt",
-  /*  310 */ "part_opt",
-  /*  311 */ "filter_clause",
-  /*  312 */ "over_clause",
-  /*  313 */ "range_or_rows",
-  /*  314 */ "frame_bound",
-  /*  315 */ "frame_bound_s",
-  /*  316 */ "frame_bound_e",
-  /*  317 */ "frame_exclude_opt",
-  /*  318 */ "frame_exclude",
+  /*  183 */ "QNUMBER",
+  /*  184 */ "SPACE",
+  /*  185 */ "ILLEGAL",
+  /*  186 */ "input",
+  /*  187 */ "cmdlist",
+  /*  188 */ "ecmd",
+  /*  189 */ "cmdx",
+  /*  190 */ "explain",
+  /*  191 */ "cmd",
+  /*  192 */ "transtype",
+  /*  193 */ "trans_opt",
+  /*  194 */ "nm",
+  /*  195 */ "savepoint_opt",
+  /*  196 */ "create_table",
+  /*  197 */ "create_table_args",
+  /*  198 */ "createkw",
+  /*  199 */ "temp",
+  /*  200 */ "ifnotexists",
+  /*  201 */ "dbnm",
+  /*  202 */ "columnlist",
+  /*  203 */ "conslist_opt",
+  /*  204 */ "table_option_set",
+  /*  205 */ "select",
+  /*  206 */ "table_option",
+  /*  207 */ "columnname",
+  /*  208 */ "carglist",
+  /*  209 */ "typetoken",
+  /*  210 */ "typename",
+  /*  211 */ "signed",
+  /*  212 */ "plus_num",
+  /*  213 */ "minus_num",
+  /*  214 */ "scanpt",
+  /*  215 */ "scantok",
+  /*  216 */ "ccons",
+  /*  217 */ "term",
+  /*  218 */ "expr",
+  /*  219 */ "onconf",
+  /*  220 */ "sortorder",
+  /*  221 */ "autoinc",
+  /*  222 */ "eidlist_opt",
+  /*  223 */ "refargs",
+  /*  224 */ "defer_subclause",
+  /*  225 */ "generated",
+  /*  226 */ "refarg",
+  /*  227 */ "refact",
+  /*  228 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt",
+  /*  229 */ "conslist",
+  /*  230 */ "tconscomma",
+  /*  231 */ "tcons",
+  /*  232 */ "sortlist",
+  /*  233 */ "eidlist",
+  /*  234 */ "defer_subclause_opt",
+  /*  235 */ "orconf",
+  /*  236 */ "resolvetype",
+  /*  237 */ "raisetype",
+  /*  238 */ "ifexists",
+  /*  239 */ "fullname",
+  /*  240 */ "selectnowith",
+  /*  241 */ "oneselect",
+  /*  242 */ "wqlist",
+  /*  243 */ "multiselect_op",
+  /*  244 */ "distinct",
+  /*  245 */ "selcollist",
+  /*  246 */ "from",
+  /*  247 */ "where_opt",
+  /*  248 */ "groupby_opt",
+  /*  249 */ "having_opt",
+  /*  250 */ "orderby_opt",
+  /*  251 */ "limit_opt",
+  /*  252 */ "window_clause",
+  /*  253 */ "values",
+  /*  254 */ "nexprlist",
+  /*  255 */ "mvalues",
+  /*  256 */ "sclp",
+  /*  257 */ "as",
+  /*  258 */ "seltablist",
+  /*  259 */ "stl_prefix",
+  /*  260 */ "joinop",
+  /*  261 */ "on_using",
+  /*  262 */ "indexed_by",
+  /*  263 */ "exprlist",
+  /*  264 */ "xfullname",
+  /*  265 */ "idlist",
+  /*  266 */ "indexed_opt",
+  /*  267 */ "nulls",
+  /*  268 */ "with",
+  /*  269 */ "where_opt_ret",
+  /*  270 */ "setlist",
+  /*  271 */ "insert_cmd",
+  /*  272 */ "idlist_opt",
+  /*  273 */ "upsert",
+  /*  274 */ "returning",
+  /*  275 */ "filter_over",
+  /*  276 */ "likeop",
+  /*  277 */ "between_op",
+  /*  278 */ "in_op",
+  /*  279 */ "paren_exprlist",
+  /*  280 */ "case_operand",
+  /*  281 */ "case_exprlist",
+  /*  282 */ "case_else",
+  /*  283 */ "uniqueflag",
+  /*  284 */ "collate",
+  /*  285 */ "vinto",
+  /*  286 */ "nmnum",
+  /*  287 */ "trigger_decl",
+  /*  288 */ "trigger_cmd_list",
+  /*  289 */ "trigger_time",
+  /*  290 */ "trigger_event",
+  /*  291 */ "foreach_clause",
+  /*  292 */ "when_clause",
+  /*  293 */ "trigger_cmd",
+  /*  294 */ "trnm",
+  /*  295 */ "tridxby",
+  /*  296 */ "database_kw_opt",
+  /*  297 */ "key_opt",
+  /*  298 */ "add_column_fullname",
+  /*  299 */ "kwcolumn_opt",
+  /*  300 */ "create_vtab",
+  /*  301 */ "vtabarglist",
+  /*  302 */ "vtabarg",
+  /*  303 */ "vtabargtoken",
+  /*  304 */ "lp",
+  /*  305 */ "anylist",
+  /*  306 */ "wqitem",
+  /*  307 */ "wqas",
+  /*  308 */ "withnm",
+  /*  309 */ "windowdefn_list",
+  /*  310 */ "windowdefn",
+  /*  311 */ "window",
+  /*  312 */ "frame_opt",
+  /*  313 */ "part_opt",
+  /*  314 */ "filter_clause",
+  /*  315 */ "over_clause",
+  /*  316 */ "range_or_rows",
+  /*  317 */ "frame_bound",
+  /*  318 */ "frame_bound_s",
+  /*  319 */ "frame_bound_e",
+  /*  320 */ "frame_exclude_opt",
+  /*  321 */ "frame_exclude",
 };
 #endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG) */
 
@@ -171136,349 +174422,363 @@ static const char *const yyRuleName[] = {
  /*  92 */ "oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt",
  /*  93 */ "oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt",
  /*  94 */ "values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP",
- /*  95 */ "values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP",
- /*  96 */ "distinct ::= DISTINCT",
- /*  97 */ "distinct ::= ALL",
- /*  98 */ "distinct ::=",
- /*  99 */ "sclp ::=",
- /* 100 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as",
- /* 101 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR",
- /* 102 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR",
- /* 103 */ "as ::= AS nm",
- /* 104 */ "as ::=",
- /* 105 */ "from ::=",
- /* 106 */ "from ::= FROM seltablist",
- /* 107 */ "stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop",
- /* 108 */ "stl_prefix ::=",
- /* 109 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_using",
- /* 110 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_by on_using",
- /* 111 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_using",
- /* 112 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_using",
- /* 113 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_using",
- /* 114 */ "dbnm ::=",
- /* 115 */ "dbnm ::= DOT nm",
- /* 116 */ "fullname ::= nm",
- /* 117 */ "fullname ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 118 */ "xfullname ::= nm",
- /* 119 */ "xfullname ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 120 */ "xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm",
- /* 121 */ "xfullname ::= nm AS nm",
- /* 122 */ "joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN",
- /* 123 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN",
- /* 124 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN",
- /* 125 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN",
- /* 126 */ "on_using ::= ON expr",
- /* 127 */ "on_using ::= USING LP idlist RP",
- /* 128 */ "on_using ::=",
- /* 129 */ "indexed_opt ::=",
- /* 130 */ "indexed_by ::= INDEXED BY nm",
- /* 131 */ "indexed_by ::= NOT INDEXED",
- /* 132 */ "orderby_opt ::=",
- /* 133 */ "orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist",
- /* 134 */ "sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls",
- /* 135 */ "sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls",
- /* 136 */ "sortorder ::= ASC",
- /* 137 */ "sortorder ::= DESC",
- /* 138 */ "sortorder ::=",
- /* 139 */ "nulls ::= NULLS FIRST",
- /* 140 */ "nulls ::= NULLS LAST",
- /* 141 */ "nulls ::=",
- /* 142 */ "groupby_opt ::=",
- /* 143 */ "groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist",
- /* 144 */ "having_opt ::=",
- /* 145 */ "having_opt ::= HAVING expr",
- /* 146 */ "limit_opt ::=",
- /* 147 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr",
- /* 148 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr",
- /* 149 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr",
- /* 150 */ "cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt_ret",
- /* 151 */ "where_opt ::=",
- /* 152 */ "where_opt ::= WHERE expr",
- /* 153 */ "where_opt_ret ::=",
- /* 154 */ "where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr",
- /* 155 */ "where_opt_ret ::= RETURNING selcollist",
- /* 156 */ "where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr RETURNING selcollist",
- /* 157 */ "cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt_ret",
- /* 158 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr",
- /* 159 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr",
- /* 160 */ "setlist ::= nm EQ expr",
- /* 161 */ "setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr",
- /* 162 */ "cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert",
- /* 163 */ "cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES returning",
- /* 164 */ "upsert ::=",
- /* 165 */ "upsert ::= RETURNING selcollist",
- /* 166 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt upsert",
- /* 167 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING upsert",
- /* 168 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING returning",
- /* 169 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt returning",
- /* 170 */ "returning ::= RETURNING selcollist",
- /* 171 */ "insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf",
- /* 172 */ "insert_cmd ::= REPLACE",
- /* 173 */ "idlist_opt ::=",
- /* 174 */ "idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP",
- /* 175 */ "idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm",
- /* 176 */ "idlist ::= nm",
- /* 177 */ "expr ::= LP expr RP",
- /* 178 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW",
- /* 179 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 180 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
- /* 181 */ "term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB",
- /* 182 */ "term ::= STRING",
- /* 183 */ "term ::= INTEGER",
- /* 184 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
- /* 185 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /* 186 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
- /* 187 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP",
- /* 188 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP",
- /* 189 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over",
- /* 190 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP filter_over",
- /* 191 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
- /* 192 */ "expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP",
- /* 193 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
- /* 194 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
- /* 195 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
- /* 196 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
- /* 197 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
- /* 198 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
- /* 199 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
- /* 200 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
- /* 201 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH",
- /* 202 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr",
- /* 203 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr",
- /* 204 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
- /* 205 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
- /* 206 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
- /* 207 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
- /* 208 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM expr",
- /* 209 */ "expr ::= expr IS DISTINCT FROM expr",
- /* 210 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
- /* 211 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
- /* 212 */ "expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr",
- /* 213 */ "expr ::= expr PTR expr",
- /* 214 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
- /* 215 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
- /* 216 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
- /* 217 */ "in_op ::= IN",
- /* 218 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
- /* 219 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
- /* 220 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
- /* 221 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
- /* 222 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist",
- /* 223 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
- /* 224 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
- /* 225 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 226 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 227 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
- /* 228 */ "case_else ::=",
- /* 229 */ "case_operand ::=",
- /* 230 */ "exprlist ::=",
- /* 231 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
- /* 232 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
- /* 233 */ "paren_exprlist ::=",
- /* 234 */ "paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP",
- /* 235 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt",
- /* 236 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
- /* 237 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
- /* 238 */ "eidlist_opt ::=",
- /* 239 */ "eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP",
- /* 240 */ "eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
- /* 241 */ "eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
- /* 242 */ "collate ::=",
- /* 243 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /* 244 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
- /* 245 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM vinto",
- /* 246 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto",
- /* 247 */ "vinto ::= INTO expr",
- /* 248 */ "vinto ::=",
- /* 249 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
- /* 250 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
- /* 251 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
- /* 252 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
- /* 253 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
- /* 254 */ "plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 255 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 256 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
- /* 257 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
- /* 258 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER",
- /* 259 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
- /* 260 */ "trigger_time ::=",
- /* 261 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
- /* 262 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
- /* 263 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist",
- /* 264 */ "when_clause ::=",
- /* 265 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
- /* 266 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 267 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 268 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 269 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
- /* 270 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
- /* 271 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt",
- /* 272 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt",
- /* 273 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt",
- /* 274 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt",
- /* 275 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
- /* 276 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
- /* 277 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
- /* 278 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
- /* 279 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
- /* 280 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
- /* 281 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
- /* 282 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
- /* 283 */ "key_opt ::=",
- /* 284 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
- /* 285 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
- /* 286 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
- /* 287 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
- /* 288 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
- /* 289 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
- /* 290 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist",
- /* 291 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname DROP kwcolumn_opt nm",
- /* 292 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
- /* 293 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm",
- /* 294 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
- /* 295 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
- /* 296 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm",
- /* 297 */ "vtabarg ::=",
- /* 298 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
- /* 299 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
- /* 300 */ "lp ::= LP",
- /* 301 */ "with ::= WITH wqlist",
- /* 302 */ "with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist",
- /* 303 */ "wqas ::= AS",
- /* 304 */ "wqas ::= AS MATERIALIZED",
- /* 305 */ "wqas ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED",
- /* 306 */ "wqitem ::= nm eidlist_opt wqas LP select RP",
- /* 307 */ "wqlist ::= wqitem",
- /* 308 */ "wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA wqitem",
- /* 309 */ "windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn",
- /* 310 */ "windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP",
- /* 311 */ "window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt",
- /* 312 */ "window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt",
- /* 313 */ "window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt",
- /* 314 */ "window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt",
- /* 315 */ "window ::= nm frame_opt",
- /* 316 */ "frame_opt ::=",
- /* 317 */ "frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt",
- /* 318 */ "frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt",
- /* 319 */ "range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS",
- /* 320 */ "frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound",
- /* 321 */ "frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING",
- /* 322 */ "frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound",
- /* 323 */ "frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING",
- /* 324 */ "frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING",
- /* 325 */ "frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW",
- /* 326 */ "frame_exclude_opt ::=",
- /* 327 */ "frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude",
- /* 328 */ "frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS",
- /* 329 */ "frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW",
- /* 330 */ "frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES",
- /* 331 */ "window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list",
- /* 332 */ "filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause",
- /* 333 */ "filter_over ::= over_clause",
- /* 334 */ "filter_over ::= filter_clause",
- /* 335 */ "over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP",
- /* 336 */ "over_clause ::= OVER nm",
- /* 337 */ "filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP",
- /* 338 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
- /* 339 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
- /* 340 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
- /* 341 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
- /* 342 */ "ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI",
- /* 343 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI",
- /* 344 */ "trans_opt ::=",
- /* 345 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
- /* 346 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
- /* 347 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
- /* 348 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
- /* 349 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
- /* 350 */ "table_option_set ::= table_option",
- /* 351 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist",
- /* 352 */ "columnlist ::= columnname carglist",
- /* 353 */ "nm ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW",
- /* 354 */ "nm ::= STRING",
- /* 355 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
- /* 356 */ "typename ::= ID|STRING",
- /* 357 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
- /* 358 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
- /* 359 */ "carglist ::= carglist ccons",
- /* 360 */ "carglist ::=",
- /* 361 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
- /* 362 */ "ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated",
- /* 363 */ "ccons ::= AS generated",
- /* 364 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
- /* 365 */ "conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons",
- /* 366 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
- /* 367 */ "tconscomma ::=",
- /* 368 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
- /* 369 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
- /* 370 */ "selectnowith ::= oneselect",
- /* 371 */ "oneselect ::= values",
- /* 372 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
- /* 373 */ "as ::= ID|STRING",
- /* 374 */ "indexed_opt ::= indexed_by",
- /* 375 */ "returning ::=",
- /* 376 */ "expr ::= term",
- /* 377 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH",
- /* 378 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
- /* 379 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
- /* 380 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
- /* 381 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
- /* 382 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
- /* 383 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
- /* 384 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
- /* 385 */ "plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 386 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
- /* 387 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
- /* 388 */ "trnm ::= nm",
- /* 389 */ "tridxby ::=",
- /* 390 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
- /* 391 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
- /* 392 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
- /* 393 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
- /* 394 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
- /* 395 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
- /* 396 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
- /* 397 */ "anylist ::=",
- /* 398 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
- /* 399 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
- /* 400 */ "with ::=",
- /* 401 */ "windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn",
- /* 402 */ "window ::= frame_opt",
+ /*  95 */ "oneselect ::= mvalues",
+ /*  96 */ "mvalues ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP",
+ /*  97 */ "mvalues ::= mvalues COMMA LP nexprlist RP",
+ /*  98 */ "distinct ::= DISTINCT",
+ /*  99 */ "distinct ::= ALL",
+ /* 100 */ "distinct ::=",
+ /* 101 */ "sclp ::=",
+ /* 102 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as",
+ /* 103 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR",
+ /* 104 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR",
+ /* 105 */ "as ::= AS nm",
+ /* 106 */ "as ::=",
+ /* 107 */ "from ::=",
+ /* 108 */ "from ::= FROM seltablist",
+ /* 109 */ "stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop",
+ /* 110 */ "stl_prefix ::=",
+ /* 111 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_using",
+ /* 112 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_by on_using",
+ /* 113 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_using",
+ /* 114 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_using",
+ /* 115 */ "seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_using",
+ /* 116 */ "dbnm ::=",
+ /* 117 */ "dbnm ::= DOT nm",
+ /* 118 */ "fullname ::= nm",
+ /* 119 */ "fullname ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 120 */ "xfullname ::= nm",
+ /* 121 */ "xfullname ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 122 */ "xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm",
+ /* 123 */ "xfullname ::= nm AS nm",
+ /* 124 */ "joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN",
+ /* 125 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN",
+ /* 126 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN",
+ /* 127 */ "joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN",
+ /* 128 */ "on_using ::= ON expr",
+ /* 129 */ "on_using ::= USING LP idlist RP",
+ /* 130 */ "on_using ::=",
+ /* 131 */ "indexed_opt ::=",
+ /* 132 */ "indexed_by ::= INDEXED BY nm",
+ /* 133 */ "indexed_by ::= NOT INDEXED",
+ /* 134 */ "orderby_opt ::=",
+ /* 135 */ "orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist",
+ /* 136 */ "sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls",
+ /* 137 */ "sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls",
+ /* 138 */ "sortorder ::= ASC",
+ /* 139 */ "sortorder ::= DESC",
+ /* 140 */ "sortorder ::=",
+ /* 141 */ "nulls ::= NULLS FIRST",
+ /* 142 */ "nulls ::= NULLS LAST",
+ /* 143 */ "nulls ::=",
+ /* 144 */ "groupby_opt ::=",
+ /* 145 */ "groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist",
+ /* 146 */ "having_opt ::=",
+ /* 147 */ "having_opt ::= HAVING expr",
+ /* 148 */ "limit_opt ::=",
+ /* 149 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr",
+ /* 150 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr",
+ /* 151 */ "limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr",
+ /* 152 */ "cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt_ret",
+ /* 153 */ "where_opt ::=",
+ /* 154 */ "where_opt ::= WHERE expr",
+ /* 155 */ "where_opt_ret ::=",
+ /* 156 */ "where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr",
+ /* 157 */ "where_opt_ret ::= RETURNING selcollist",
+ /* 158 */ "where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr RETURNING selcollist",
+ /* 159 */ "cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt_ret",
+ /* 160 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr",
+ /* 161 */ "setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr",
+ /* 162 */ "setlist ::= nm EQ expr",
+ /* 163 */ "setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr",
+ /* 164 */ "cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert",
+ /* 165 */ "cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES returning",
+ /* 166 */ "upsert ::=",
+ /* 167 */ "upsert ::= RETURNING selcollist",
+ /* 168 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt upsert",
+ /* 169 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING upsert",
+ /* 170 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING returning",
+ /* 171 */ "upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt returning",
+ /* 172 */ "returning ::= RETURNING selcollist",
+ /* 173 */ "insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf",
+ /* 174 */ "insert_cmd ::= REPLACE",
+ /* 175 */ "idlist_opt ::=",
+ /* 176 */ "idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP",
+ /* 177 */ "idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm",
+ /* 178 */ "idlist ::= nm",
+ /* 179 */ "expr ::= LP expr RP",
+ /* 180 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW",
+ /* 181 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 182 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
+ /* 183 */ "term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB",
+ /* 184 */ "term ::= STRING",
+ /* 185 */ "term ::= INTEGER",
+ /* 186 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
+ /* 187 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /* 188 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
+ /* 189 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP",
+ /* 190 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist ORDER BY sortlist RP",
+ /* 191 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP",
+ /* 192 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over",
+ /* 193 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist ORDER BY sortlist RP filter_over",
+ /* 194 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP filter_over",
+ /* 195 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
+ /* 196 */ "expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP",
+ /* 197 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
+ /* 198 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
+ /* 199 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
+ /* 200 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
+ /* 201 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
+ /* 202 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
+ /* 203 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
+ /* 204 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
+ /* 205 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH",
+ /* 206 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr",
+ /* 207 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr",
+ /* 208 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
+ /* 209 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
+ /* 210 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
+ /* 211 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
+ /* 212 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM expr",
+ /* 213 */ "expr ::= expr IS DISTINCT FROM expr",
+ /* 214 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
+ /* 215 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
+ /* 216 */ "expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr",
+ /* 217 */ "expr ::= expr PTR expr",
+ /* 218 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
+ /* 219 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
+ /* 220 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
+ /* 221 */ "in_op ::= IN",
+ /* 222 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
+ /* 223 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
+ /* 224 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
+ /* 225 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
+ /* 226 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist",
+ /* 227 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
+ /* 228 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
+ /* 229 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
+ /* 230 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
+ /* 231 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
+ /* 232 */ "case_else ::=",
+ /* 233 */ "case_operand ::=",
+ /* 234 */ "exprlist ::=",
+ /* 235 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
+ /* 236 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
+ /* 237 */ "paren_exprlist ::=",
+ /* 238 */ "paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP",
+ /* 239 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt",
+ /* 240 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
+ /* 241 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
+ /* 242 */ "eidlist_opt ::=",
+ /* 243 */ "eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP",
+ /* 244 */ "eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
+ /* 245 */ "eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
+ /* 246 */ "collate ::=",
+ /* 247 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /* 248 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
+ /* 249 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM vinto",
+ /* 250 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto",
+ /* 251 */ "vinto ::= INTO expr",
+ /* 252 */ "vinto ::=",
+ /* 253 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
+ /* 254 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
+ /* 255 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
+ /* 256 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
+ /* 257 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
+ /* 258 */ "plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 259 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 260 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
+ /* 261 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
+ /* 262 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER",
+ /* 263 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
+ /* 264 */ "trigger_time ::=",
+ /* 265 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
+ /* 266 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
+ /* 267 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist",
+ /* 268 */ "when_clause ::=",
+ /* 269 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
+ /* 270 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
+ /* 271 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
+ /* 272 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 273 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
+ /* 274 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
+ /* 275 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt",
+ /* 276 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt",
+ /* 277 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt",
+ /* 278 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt",
+ /* 279 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
+ /* 280 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
+ /* 281 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
+ /* 282 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
+ /* 283 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
+ /* 284 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
+ /* 285 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
+ /* 286 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
+ /* 287 */ "key_opt ::=",
+ /* 288 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
+ /* 289 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
+ /* 290 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
+ /* 291 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
+ /* 292 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
+ /* 293 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
+ /* 294 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist",
+ /* 295 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname DROP kwcolumn_opt nm",
+ /* 296 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
+ /* 297 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm",
+ /* 298 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
+ /* 299 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
+ /* 300 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm",
+ /* 301 */ "vtabarg ::=",
+ /* 302 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
+ /* 303 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
+ /* 304 */ "lp ::= LP",
+ /* 305 */ "with ::= WITH wqlist",
+ /* 306 */ "with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist",
+ /* 307 */ "wqas ::= AS",
+ /* 308 */ "wqas ::= AS MATERIALIZED",
+ /* 309 */ "wqas ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED",
+ /* 310 */ "wqitem ::= withnm eidlist_opt wqas LP select RP",
+ /* 311 */ "withnm ::= nm",
+ /* 312 */ "wqlist ::= wqitem",
+ /* 313 */ "wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA wqitem",
+ /* 314 */ "windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn",
+ /* 315 */ "windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP",
+ /* 316 */ "window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt",
+ /* 317 */ "window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt",
+ /* 318 */ "window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt",
+ /* 319 */ "window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt",
+ /* 320 */ "window ::= nm frame_opt",
+ /* 321 */ "frame_opt ::=",
+ /* 322 */ "frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt",
+ /* 323 */ "frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt",
+ /* 324 */ "range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS",
+ /* 325 */ "frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound",
+ /* 326 */ "frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING",
+ /* 327 */ "frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound",
+ /* 328 */ "frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING",
+ /* 329 */ "frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING",
+ /* 330 */ "frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW",
+ /* 331 */ "frame_exclude_opt ::=",
+ /* 332 */ "frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude",
+ /* 333 */ "frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS",
+ /* 334 */ "frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW",
+ /* 335 */ "frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES",
+ /* 336 */ "window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list",
+ /* 337 */ "filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause",
+ /* 338 */ "filter_over ::= over_clause",
+ /* 339 */ "filter_over ::= filter_clause",
+ /* 340 */ "over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP",
+ /* 341 */ "over_clause ::= OVER nm",
+ /* 342 */ "filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP",
+ /* 343 */ "term ::= QNUMBER",
+ /* 344 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
+ /* 345 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
+ /* 346 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
+ /* 347 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
+ /* 348 */ "ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI",
+ /* 349 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI",
+ /* 350 */ "trans_opt ::=",
+ /* 351 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
+ /* 352 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
+ /* 353 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
+ /* 354 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
+ /* 355 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
+ /* 356 */ "table_option_set ::= table_option",
+ /* 357 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist",
+ /* 358 */ "columnlist ::= columnname carglist",
+ /* 359 */ "nm ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW",
+ /* 360 */ "nm ::= STRING",
+ /* 361 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
+ /* 362 */ "typename ::= ID|STRING",
+ /* 363 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
+ /* 364 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
+ /* 365 */ "carglist ::= carglist ccons",
+ /* 366 */ "carglist ::=",
+ /* 367 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
+ /* 368 */ "ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated",
+ /* 369 */ "ccons ::= AS generated",
+ /* 370 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
+ /* 371 */ "conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons",
+ /* 372 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
+ /* 373 */ "tconscomma ::=",
+ /* 374 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
+ /* 375 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
+ /* 376 */ "selectnowith ::= oneselect",
+ /* 377 */ "oneselect ::= values",
+ /* 378 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
+ /* 379 */ "as ::= ID|STRING",
+ /* 380 */ "indexed_opt ::= indexed_by",
+ /* 381 */ "returning ::=",
+ /* 382 */ "expr ::= term",
+ /* 383 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH",
+ /* 384 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
+ /* 385 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
+ /* 386 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
+ /* 387 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
+ /* 388 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
+ /* 389 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
+ /* 390 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
+ /* 391 */ "plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 392 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
+ /* 393 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
+ /* 394 */ "trnm ::= nm",
+ /* 395 */ "tridxby ::=",
+ /* 396 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
+ /* 397 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
+ /* 398 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
+ /* 399 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
+ /* 400 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
+ /* 401 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
+ /* 402 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
+ /* 403 */ "anylist ::=",
+ /* 404 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
+ /* 405 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
+ /* 406 */ "with ::=",
+ /* 407 */ "windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn",
+ /* 408 */ "window ::= frame_opt",
 };
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
 
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
+#if YYGROWABLESTACK
 /*
 ** Try to increase the size of the parser stack.  Return the number
 ** of errors.  Return 0 on success.
 */
 static int yyGrowStack(yyParser *p){
+  int oldSize = 1 + (int)(p->yystackEnd - p->yystack);
   int newSize;
   int idx;
   yyStackEntry *pNew;
 
-  newSize = p->yystksz*2 + 100;
-  idx = p->yytos ? (int)(p->yytos - p->yystack) : 0;
-  if( p->yystack==&p->yystk0 ){
-    pNew = malloc(newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
-    if( pNew ) pNew[0] = p->yystk0;
+  newSize = oldSize*2 + 100;
+  idx = (int)(p->yytos - p->yystack);
+  if( p->yystack==p->yystk0 ){
+    pNew = YYREALLOC(0, newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
+    if( pNew==0 ) return 1;
+    memcpy(pNew, p->yystack, oldSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
   }else{
-    pNew = realloc(p->yystack, newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
+    pNew = YYREALLOC(p->yystack, newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
+    if( pNew==0 ) return 1;
   }
-  if( pNew ){
-    p->yystack = pNew;
-    p->yytos = &p->yystack[idx];
+  p->yystack = pNew;
+  p->yytos = &p->yystack[idx];
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    if( yyTraceFILE ){
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sStack grows from %d to %d entries.\n",
-              yyTracePrompt, p->yystksz, newSize);
-    }
-#endif
-    p->yystksz = newSize;
+  if( yyTraceFILE ){
+    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sStack grows from %d to %d entries.\n",
+            yyTracePrompt, oldSize, newSize);
   }
-  return pNew==0;
+#endif
+  p->yystackEnd = &p->yystack[newSize-1];
+  return 0;
 }
+#endif /* YYGROWABLESTACK */
+
+#if !YYGROWABLESTACK
+/* For builds that do no have a growable stack, yyGrowStack always
+** returns an error.
+*/
+# define yyGrowStack(X) 1
 #endif
 
 /* Datatype of the argument to the memory allocated passed as the
@@ -171498,24 +174798,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserInit(void *yypRawParser sqlite3ParserCTX_PDECL)
 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
   yypParser->yyhwm = 0;
 #endif
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-  yypParser->yytos = NULL;
-  yypParser->yystack = NULL;
-  yypParser->yystksz = 0;
-  if( yyGrowStack(yypParser) ){
-    yypParser->yystack = &yypParser->yystk0;
-    yypParser->yystksz = 1;
-  }
-#endif
+  yypParser->yystack = yypParser->yystk0;
+  yypParser->yystackEnd = &yypParser->yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH-1];
 #ifndef YYNOERRORRECOVERY
   yypParser->yyerrcnt = -1;
 #endif
   yypParser->yytos = yypParser->yystack;
   yypParser->yystack[0].stateno = 0;
   yypParser->yystack[0].major = 0;
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0
-  yypParser->yystackEnd = &yypParser->yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH-1];
-#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
@@ -171569,97 +174859,98 @@ static void yy_destructor(
     ** inside the C code.
     */
 /********* Begin destructor definitions ***************************************/
-    case 204: /* select */
-    case 239: /* selectnowith */
-    case 240: /* oneselect */
-    case 252: /* values */
+    case 205: /* select */
+    case 240: /* selectnowith */
+    case 241: /* oneselect */
+    case 253: /* values */
+    case 255: /* mvalues */
 {
-sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy47));
-}
-      break;
-    case 216: /* term */
-    case 217: /* expr */
-    case 246: /* where_opt */
-    case 248: /* having_opt */
-    case 267: /* where_opt_ret */
-    case 278: /* case_operand */
-    case 280: /* case_else */
-    case 283: /* vinto */
-    case 290: /* when_clause */
-    case 295: /* key_opt */
-    case 311: /* filter_clause */
+sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy555));
+}
+      break;
+    case 217: /* term */
+    case 218: /* expr */
+    case 247: /* where_opt */
+    case 249: /* having_opt */
+    case 269: /* where_opt_ret */
+    case 280: /* case_operand */
+    case 282: /* case_else */
+    case 285: /* vinto */
+    case 292: /* when_clause */
+    case 297: /* key_opt */
+    case 314: /* filter_clause */
 {
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy528));
-}
-      break;
-    case 221: /* eidlist_opt */
-    case 231: /* sortlist */
-    case 232: /* eidlist */
-    case 244: /* selcollist */
-    case 247: /* groupby_opt */
-    case 249: /* orderby_opt */
-    case 253: /* nexprlist */
-    case 254: /* sclp */
-    case 261: /* exprlist */
-    case 268: /* setlist */
-    case 277: /* paren_exprlist */
-    case 279: /* case_exprlist */
-    case 310: /* part_opt */
+sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy454));
+}
+      break;
+    case 222: /* eidlist_opt */
+    case 232: /* sortlist */
+    case 233: /* eidlist */
+    case 245: /* selcollist */
+    case 248: /* groupby_opt */
+    case 250: /* orderby_opt */
+    case 254: /* nexprlist */
+    case 256: /* sclp */
+    case 263: /* exprlist */
+    case 270: /* setlist */
+    case 279: /* paren_exprlist */
+    case 281: /* case_exprlist */
+    case 313: /* part_opt */
 {
-sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy322));
+sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy14));
 }
       break;
-    case 238: /* fullname */
-    case 245: /* from */
-    case 256: /* seltablist */
-    case 257: /* stl_prefix */
-    case 262: /* xfullname */
+    case 239: /* fullname */
+    case 246: /* from */
+    case 258: /* seltablist */
+    case 259: /* stl_prefix */
+    case 264: /* xfullname */
 {
-sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy131));
+sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy203));
 }
       break;
-    case 241: /* wqlist */
+    case 242: /* wqlist */
 {
-sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy521));
+sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy59));
 }
       break;
-    case 251: /* window_clause */
-    case 306: /* windowdefn_list */
+    case 252: /* window_clause */
+    case 309: /* windowdefn_list */
 {
-sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy41));
+sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy211));
 }
       break;
-    case 263: /* idlist */
-    case 270: /* idlist_opt */
+    case 265: /* idlist */
+    case 272: /* idlist_opt */
 {
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy254));
+sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy132));
 }
       break;
-    case 273: /* filter_over */
-    case 307: /* windowdefn */
-    case 308: /* window */
-    case 309: /* frame_opt */
-    case 312: /* over_clause */
+    case 275: /* filter_over */
+    case 310: /* windowdefn */
+    case 311: /* window */
+    case 312: /* frame_opt */
+    case 315: /* over_clause */
 {
-sqlite3WindowDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy41));
+sqlite3WindowDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy211));
 }
       break;
-    case 286: /* trigger_cmd_list */
-    case 291: /* trigger_cmd */
+    case 288: /* trigger_cmd_list */
+    case 293: /* trigger_cmd */
 {
-sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy33));
+sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy427));
 }
       break;
-    case 288: /* trigger_event */
+    case 290: /* trigger_event */
 {
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy180).b);
+sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy286).b);
 }
       break;
-    case 314: /* frame_bound */
-    case 315: /* frame_bound_s */
-    case 316: /* frame_bound_e */
+    case 317: /* frame_bound */
+    case 318: /* frame_bound_s */
+    case 319: /* frame_bound_e */
 {
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy595).pExpr);
+sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy509).pExpr);
 }
       break;
 /********* End destructor definitions *****************************************/
@@ -171693,9 +174984,26 @@ static void yy_pop_parser_stack(yyParser *pParser){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserFinalize(void *p){
   yyParser *pParser = (yyParser*)p;
-  while( pParser->yytos>pParser->yystack ) yy_pop_parser_stack(pParser);
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-  if( pParser->yystack!=&pParser->yystk0 ) free(pParser->yystack);
+
+  /* In-lined version of calling yy_pop_parser_stack() for each
+  ** element left in the stack */
+  yyStackEntry *yytos = pParser->yytos;
+  while( yytos>pParser->yystack ){
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    if( yyTraceFILE ){
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sPopping %s\n",
+        yyTracePrompt,
+        yyTokenName[yytos->major]);
+    }
+#endif
+    if( yytos->major>=YY_MIN_DSTRCTR ){
+      yy_destructor(pParser, yytos->major, &yytos->minor);
+    }
+    yytos--;
+  }
+
+#if YYGROWABLESTACK
+  if( pParser->yystack!=pParser->yystk0 ) YYFREE(pParser->yystack);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -171878,7 +175186,7 @@ static void yyStackOverflow(yyParser *yypParser){
    ** stack every overflows */
 /******** Begin %stack_overflow code ******************************************/
 
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parser stack overflow");
+  sqlite3OomFault(pParse->db);
 /******** End %stack_overflow code ********************************************/
    sqlite3ParserARG_STORE /* Suppress warning about unused %extra_argument var */
    sqlite3ParserCTX_STORE
@@ -171922,25 +175230,19 @@ static void yy_shift(
     assert( yypParser->yyhwm == (int)(yypParser->yytos - yypParser->yystack) );
   }
 #endif
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0
-  if( yypParser->yytos>yypParser->yystackEnd ){
-    yypParser->yytos--;
-    yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
-    return;
-  }
-#else
-  if( yypParser->yytos>=&yypParser->yystack[yypParser->yystksz] ){
+  yytos = yypParser->yytos;
+  if( yytos>yypParser->yystackEnd ){
     if( yyGrowStack(yypParser) ){
       yypParser->yytos--;
       yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
       return;
     }
+    yytos = yypParser->yytos;
+    assert( yytos <= yypParser->yystackEnd );
   }
-#endif
   if( yyNewState > YY_MAX_SHIFT ){
     yyNewState += YY_MIN_REDUCE - YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE;
   }
-  yytos = yypParser->yytos;
   yytos->stateno = yyNewState;
   yytos->major = yyMajor;
   yytos->minor.yy0 = yyMinor;
@@ -171950,409 +175252,415 @@ static void yy_shift(
 /* For rule J, yyRuleInfoLhs[J] contains the symbol on the left-hand side
 ** of that rule */
 static const YYCODETYPE yyRuleInfoLhs[] = {
-   189,  /* (0) explain ::= EXPLAIN */
-   189,  /* (1) explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
-   188,  /* (2) cmdx ::= cmd */
-   190,  /* (3) cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
-   191,  /* (4) transtype ::= */
-   191,  /* (5) transtype ::= DEFERRED */
-   191,  /* (6) transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */
-   191,  /* (7) transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */
-   190,  /* (8) cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
-   190,  /* (9) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
-   190,  /* (10) cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
-   190,  /* (11) cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
-   190,  /* (12) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
-   195,  /* (13) create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
-   197,  /* (14) createkw ::= CREATE */
-   199,  /* (15) ifnotexists ::= */
-   199,  /* (16) ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
-   198,  /* (17) temp ::= TEMP */
-   198,  /* (18) temp ::= */
-   196,  /* (19) create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_option_set */
-   196,  /* (20) create_table_args ::= AS select */
-   203,  /* (21) table_option_set ::= */
-   203,  /* (22) table_option_set ::= table_option_set COMMA table_option */
-   205,  /* (23) table_option ::= WITHOUT nm */
-   205,  /* (24) table_option ::= nm */
-   206,  /* (25) columnname ::= nm typetoken */
-   208,  /* (26) typetoken ::= */
-   208,  /* (27) typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
-   208,  /* (28) typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
-   209,  /* (29) typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
-   213,  /* (30) scanpt ::= */
-   214,  /* (31) scantok ::= */
-   215,  /* (32) ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
-   215,  /* (33) ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok term */
-   215,  /* (34) ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
-   215,  /* (35) ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS scantok term */
-   215,  /* (36) ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS scantok term */
-   215,  /* (37) ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok ID|INDEXED */
-   215,  /* (38) ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
-   215,  /* (39) ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
-   215,  /* (40) ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
-   215,  /* (41) ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
-   215,  /* (42) ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
-   215,  /* (43) ccons ::= defer_subclause */
-   215,  /* (44) ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
-   224,  /* (45) generated ::= LP expr RP */
-   224,  /* (46) generated ::= LP expr RP ID */
-   220,  /* (47) autoinc ::= */
-   220,  /* (48) autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */
-   222,  /* (49) refargs ::= */
-   222,  /* (50) refargs ::= refargs refarg */
-   225,  /* (51) refarg ::= MATCH nm */
-   225,  /* (52) refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
-   225,  /* (53) refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
-   225,  /* (54) refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
-   226,  /* (55) refact ::= SET NULL */
-   226,  /* (56) refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
-   226,  /* (57) refact ::= CASCADE */
-   226,  /* (58) refact ::= RESTRICT */
-   226,  /* (59) refact ::= NO ACTION */
-   223,  /* (60) defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-   223,  /* (61) defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-   227,  /* (62) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */
-   227,  /* (63) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
-   227,  /* (64) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
-   202,  /* (65) conslist_opt ::= */
-   229,  /* (66) tconscomma ::= COMMA */
-   230,  /* (67) tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
-   230,  /* (68) tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
-   230,  /* (69) tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
-   230,  /* (70) tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
-   230,  /* (71) tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
-   233,  /* (72) defer_subclause_opt ::= */
-   218,  /* (73) onconf ::= */
-   218,  /* (74) onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
-   234,  /* (75) orconf ::= */
-   234,  /* (76) orconf ::= OR resolvetype */
-   235,  /* (77) resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
-   235,  /* (78) resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
-   190,  /* (79) cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
-   237,  /* (80) ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */
-   237,  /* (81) ifexists ::= */
-   190,  /* (82) cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
-   190,  /* (83) cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
-   190,  /* (84) cmd ::= select */
-   204,  /* (85) select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
-   204,  /* (86) select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */
-   204,  /* (87) select ::= selectnowith */
-   239,  /* (88) selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
-   242,  /* (89) multiselect_op ::= UNION */
-   242,  /* (90) multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
-   242,  /* (91) multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */
-   240,  /* (92) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
-   240,  /* (93) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
-   252,  /* (94) values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
-   252,  /* (95) values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
-   243,  /* (96) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
-   243,  /* (97) distinct ::= ALL */
-   243,  /* (98) distinct ::= */
-   254,  /* (99) sclp ::= */
-   244,  /* (100) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
-   244,  /* (101) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
-   244,  /* (102) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
-   255,  /* (103) as ::= AS nm */
-   255,  /* (104) as ::= */
-   245,  /* (105) from ::= */
-   245,  /* (106) from ::= FROM seltablist */
-   257,  /* (107) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
-   257,  /* (108) stl_prefix ::= */
-   256,  /* (109) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_using */
-   256,  /* (110) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_by on_using */
-   256,  /* (111) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_using */
-   256,  /* (112) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_using */
-   256,  /* (113) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_using */
-   200,  /* (114) dbnm ::= */
-   200,  /* (115) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
-   238,  /* (116) fullname ::= nm */
-   238,  /* (117) fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
-   262,  /* (118) xfullname ::= nm */
-   262,  /* (119) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
-   262,  /* (120) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
-   262,  /* (121) xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
-   258,  /* (122) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
-   258,  /* (123) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
-   258,  /* (124) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-   258,  /* (125) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-   259,  /* (126) on_using ::= ON expr */
-   259,  /* (127) on_using ::= USING LP idlist RP */
-   259,  /* (128) on_using ::= */
-   264,  /* (129) indexed_opt ::= */
-   260,  /* (130) indexed_by ::= INDEXED BY nm */
-   260,  /* (131) indexed_by ::= NOT INDEXED */
-   249,  /* (132) orderby_opt ::= */
-   249,  /* (133) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
-   231,  /* (134) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
-   231,  /* (135) sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
-   219,  /* (136) sortorder ::= ASC */
-   219,  /* (137) sortorder ::= DESC */
-   219,  /* (138) sortorder ::= */
-   265,  /* (139) nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
-   265,  /* (140) nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
-   265,  /* (141) nulls ::= */
-   247,  /* (142) groupby_opt ::= */
-   247,  /* (143) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
-   248,  /* (144) having_opt ::= */
-   248,  /* (145) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
-   250,  /* (146) limit_opt ::= */
-   250,  /* (147) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
-   250,  /* (148) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
-   250,  /* (149) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
-   190,  /* (150) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt_ret */
-   246,  /* (151) where_opt ::= */
-   246,  /* (152) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
-   267,  /* (153) where_opt_ret ::= */
-   267,  /* (154) where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr */
-   267,  /* (155) where_opt_ret ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-   267,  /* (156) where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr RETURNING selcollist */
-   190,  /* (157) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt_ret */
-   268,  /* (158) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
-   268,  /* (159) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
-   268,  /* (160) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
-   268,  /* (161) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
-   190,  /* (162) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
-   190,  /* (163) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES returning */
-   271,  /* (164) upsert ::= */
-   271,  /* (165) upsert ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-   271,  /* (166) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt upsert */
-   271,  /* (167) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING upsert */
-   271,  /* (168) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING returning */
-   271,  /* (169) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt returning */
-   272,  /* (170) returning ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-   269,  /* (171) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
-   269,  /* (172) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
-   270,  /* (173) idlist_opt ::= */
-   270,  /* (174) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
-   263,  /* (175) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
-   263,  /* (176) idlist ::= nm */
-   217,  /* (177) expr ::= LP expr RP */
-   217,  /* (178) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
-   217,  /* (179) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
-   217,  /* (180) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
-   216,  /* (181) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
-   216,  /* (182) term ::= STRING */
-   216,  /* (183) term ::= INTEGER */
-   217,  /* (184) expr ::= VARIABLE */
-   217,  /* (185) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
-   217,  /* (186) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
-   217,  /* (187) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP */
-   217,  /* (188) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP */
-   217,  /* (189) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
-   217,  /* (190) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP filter_over */
-   216,  /* (191) term ::= CTIME_KW */
-   217,  /* (192) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
-   217,  /* (193) expr ::= expr AND expr */
-   217,  /* (194) expr ::= expr OR expr */
-   217,  /* (195) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
-   217,  /* (196) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
-   217,  /* (197) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
-   217,  /* (198) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
-   217,  /* (199) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
-   217,  /* (200) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
-   274,  /* (201) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
-   217,  /* (202) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
-   217,  /* (203) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
-   217,  /* (204) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
-   217,  /* (205) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
-   217,  /* (206) expr ::= expr IS expr */
-   217,  /* (207) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
-   217,  /* (208) expr ::= expr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM expr */
-   217,  /* (209) expr ::= expr IS DISTINCT FROM expr */
-   217,  /* (210) expr ::= NOT expr */
-   217,  /* (211) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
-   217,  /* (212) expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
-   217,  /* (213) expr ::= expr PTR expr */
-   275,  /* (214) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
-   275,  /* (215) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
-   217,  /* (216) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
-   276,  /* (217) in_op ::= IN */
-   276,  /* (218) in_op ::= NOT IN */
-   217,  /* (219) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
-   217,  /* (220) expr ::= LP select RP */
-   217,  /* (221) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
-   217,  /* (222) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
-   217,  /* (223) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
-   217,  /* (224) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
-   279,  /* (225) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
-   279,  /* (226) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
-   280,  /* (227) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
-   280,  /* (228) case_else ::= */
-   278,  /* (229) case_operand ::= */
-   261,  /* (230) exprlist ::= */
-   253,  /* (231) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
-   253,  /* (232) nexprlist ::= expr */
-   277,  /* (233) paren_exprlist ::= */
-   277,  /* (234) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
-   190,  /* (235) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
-   281,  /* (236) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
-   281,  /* (237) uniqueflag ::= */
-   221,  /* (238) eidlist_opt ::= */
-   221,  /* (239) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
-   232,  /* (240) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
-   232,  /* (241) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
-   282,  /* (242) collate ::= */
-   282,  /* (243) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
-   190,  /* (244) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
-   190,  /* (245) cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
-   190,  /* (246) cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
-   283,  /* (247) vinto ::= INTO expr */
-   283,  /* (248) vinto ::= */
-   190,  /* (249) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
-   190,  /* (250) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
-   190,  /* (251) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
-   190,  /* (252) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
-   190,  /* (253) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
-   211,  /* (254) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
-   212,  /* (255) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
-   190,  /* (256) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
-   285,  /* (257) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
-   287,  /* (258) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
-   287,  /* (259) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
-   287,  /* (260) trigger_time ::= */
-   288,  /* (261) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
-   288,  /* (262) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
-   288,  /* (263) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
-   290,  /* (264) when_clause ::= */
-   290,  /* (265) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
-   286,  /* (266) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
-   286,  /* (267) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
-   292,  /* (268) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
-   293,  /* (269) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
-   293,  /* (270) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
-   291,  /* (271) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
-   291,  /* (272) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
-   291,  /* (273) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
-   291,  /* (274) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
-   217,  /* (275) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
-   217,  /* (276) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
-   236,  /* (277) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
-   236,  /* (278) raisetype ::= ABORT */
-   236,  /* (279) raisetype ::= FAIL */
-   190,  /* (280) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
-   190,  /* (281) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
-   190,  /* (282) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
-   295,  /* (283) key_opt ::= */
-   295,  /* (284) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
-   190,  /* (285) cmd ::= REINDEX */
-   190,  /* (286) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
-   190,  /* (287) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
-   190,  /* (288) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
-   190,  /* (289) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
-   190,  /* (290) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
-   190,  /* (291) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname DROP kwcolumn_opt nm */
-   296,  /* (292) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
-   190,  /* (293) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
-   190,  /* (294) cmd ::= create_vtab */
-   190,  /* (295) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
-   298,  /* (296) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
-   300,  /* (297) vtabarg ::= */
-   301,  /* (298) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
-   301,  /* (299) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
-   302,  /* (300) lp ::= LP */
-   266,  /* (301) with ::= WITH wqlist */
-   266,  /* (302) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
-   305,  /* (303) wqas ::= AS */
-   305,  /* (304) wqas ::= AS MATERIALIZED */
-   305,  /* (305) wqas ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
-   304,  /* (306) wqitem ::= nm eidlist_opt wqas LP select RP */
-   241,  /* (307) wqlist ::= wqitem */
-   241,  /* (308) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA wqitem */
-   306,  /* (309) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
-   307,  /* (310) windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
-   308,  /* (311) window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
-   308,  /* (312) window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
-   308,  /* (313) window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
-   308,  /* (314) window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
-   308,  /* (315) window ::= nm frame_opt */
-   309,  /* (316) frame_opt ::= */
-   309,  /* (317) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
-   309,  /* (318) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
-   313,  /* (319) range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */
-   315,  /* (320) frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
-   315,  /* (321) frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
-   316,  /* (322) frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */
-   316,  /* (323) frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */
-   314,  /* (324) frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
-   314,  /* (325) frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */
-   317,  /* (326) frame_exclude_opt ::= */
-   317,  /* (327) frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
-   318,  /* (328) frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
-   318,  /* (329) frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */
-   318,  /* (330) frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
-   251,  /* (331) window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
-   273,  /* (332) filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
-   273,  /* (333) filter_over ::= over_clause */
-   273,  /* (334) filter_over ::= filter_clause */
-   312,  /* (335) over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
-   312,  /* (336) over_clause ::= OVER nm */
-   311,  /* (337) filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
-   185,  /* (338) input ::= cmdlist */
-   186,  /* (339) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
-   186,  /* (340) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
-   187,  /* (341) ecmd ::= SEMI */
-   187,  /* (342) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */
-   187,  /* (343) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */
-   192,  /* (344) trans_opt ::= */
-   192,  /* (345) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
-   192,  /* (346) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
-   194,  /* (347) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
-   194,  /* (348) savepoint_opt ::= */
-   190,  /* (349) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
-   203,  /* (350) table_option_set ::= table_option */
-   201,  /* (351) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
-   201,  /* (352) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
-   193,  /* (353) nm ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
-   193,  /* (354) nm ::= STRING */
-   208,  /* (355) typetoken ::= typename */
-   209,  /* (356) typename ::= ID|STRING */
-   210,  /* (357) signed ::= plus_num */
-   210,  /* (358) signed ::= minus_num */
-   207,  /* (359) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
-   207,  /* (360) carglist ::= */
-   215,  /* (361) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
-   215,  /* (362) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */
-   215,  /* (363) ccons ::= AS generated */
-   202,  /* (364) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
-   228,  /* (365) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
-   228,  /* (366) conslist ::= tcons */
-   229,  /* (367) tconscomma ::= */
-   233,  /* (368) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
-   235,  /* (369) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
-   239,  /* (370) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
-   240,  /* (371) oneselect ::= values */
-   254,  /* (372) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
-   255,  /* (373) as ::= ID|STRING */
-   264,  /* (374) indexed_opt ::= indexed_by */
-   272,  /* (375) returning ::= */
-   217,  /* (376) expr ::= term */
-   274,  /* (377) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
-   278,  /* (378) case_operand ::= expr */
-   261,  /* (379) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
-   284,  /* (380) nmnum ::= plus_num */
-   284,  /* (381) nmnum ::= nm */
-   284,  /* (382) nmnum ::= ON */
-   284,  /* (383) nmnum ::= DELETE */
-   284,  /* (384) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
-   211,  /* (385) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
-   289,  /* (386) foreach_clause ::= */
-   289,  /* (387) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
-   292,  /* (388) trnm ::= nm */
-   293,  /* (389) tridxby ::= */
-   294,  /* (390) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
-   294,  /* (391) database_kw_opt ::= */
-   297,  /* (392) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
-   297,  /* (393) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
-   299,  /* (394) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
-   299,  /* (395) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
-   300,  /* (396) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
-   303,  /* (397) anylist ::= */
-   303,  /* (398) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
-   303,  /* (399) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
-   266,  /* (400) with ::= */
-   306,  /* (401) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
-   308,  /* (402) window ::= frame_opt */
+   190,  /* (0) explain ::= EXPLAIN */
+   190,  /* (1) explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+   189,  /* (2) cmdx ::= cmd */
+   191,  /* (3) cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
+   192,  /* (4) transtype ::= */
+   192,  /* (5) transtype ::= DEFERRED */
+   192,  /* (6) transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */
+   192,  /* (7) transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */
+   191,  /* (8) cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
+   191,  /* (9) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
+   191,  /* (10) cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
+   191,  /* (11) cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
+   191,  /* (12) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
+   196,  /* (13) create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
+   198,  /* (14) createkw ::= CREATE */
+   200,  /* (15) ifnotexists ::= */
+   200,  /* (16) ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
+   199,  /* (17) temp ::= TEMP */
+   199,  /* (18) temp ::= */
+   197,  /* (19) create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_option_set */
+   197,  /* (20) create_table_args ::= AS select */
+   204,  /* (21) table_option_set ::= */
+   204,  /* (22) table_option_set ::= table_option_set COMMA table_option */
+   206,  /* (23) table_option ::= WITHOUT nm */
+   206,  /* (24) table_option ::= nm */
+   207,  /* (25) columnname ::= nm typetoken */
+   209,  /* (26) typetoken ::= */
+   209,  /* (27) typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
+   209,  /* (28) typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
+   210,  /* (29) typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
+   214,  /* (30) scanpt ::= */
+   215,  /* (31) scantok ::= */
+   216,  /* (32) ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+   216,  /* (33) ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok term */
+   216,  /* (34) ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
+   216,  /* (35) ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS scantok term */
+   216,  /* (36) ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS scantok term */
+   216,  /* (37) ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok ID|INDEXED */
+   216,  /* (38) ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
+   216,  /* (39) ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
+   216,  /* (40) ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
+   216,  /* (41) ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
+   216,  /* (42) ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
+   216,  /* (43) ccons ::= defer_subclause */
+   216,  /* (44) ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   225,  /* (45) generated ::= LP expr RP */
+   225,  /* (46) generated ::= LP expr RP ID */
+   221,  /* (47) autoinc ::= */
+   221,  /* (48) autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */
+   223,  /* (49) refargs ::= */
+   223,  /* (50) refargs ::= refargs refarg */
+   226,  /* (51) refarg ::= MATCH nm */
+   226,  /* (52) refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
+   226,  /* (53) refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
+   226,  /* (54) refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
+   227,  /* (55) refact ::= SET NULL */
+   227,  /* (56) refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
+   227,  /* (57) refact ::= CASCADE */
+   227,  /* (58) refact ::= RESTRICT */
+   227,  /* (59) refact ::= NO ACTION */
+   224,  /* (60) defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+   224,  /* (61) defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+   228,  /* (62) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */
+   228,  /* (63) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
+   228,  /* (64) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
+   203,  /* (65) conslist_opt ::= */
+   230,  /* (66) tconscomma ::= COMMA */
+   231,  /* (67) tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+   231,  /* (68) tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
+   231,  /* (69) tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
+   231,  /* (70) tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
+   231,  /* (71) tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
+   234,  /* (72) defer_subclause_opt ::= */
+   219,  /* (73) onconf ::= */
+   219,  /* (74) onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
+   235,  /* (75) orconf ::= */
+   235,  /* (76) orconf ::= OR resolvetype */
+   236,  /* (77) resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
+   236,  /* (78) resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
+   191,  /* (79) cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
+   238,  /* (80) ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */
+   238,  /* (81) ifexists ::= */
+   191,  /* (82) cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
+   191,  /* (83) cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
+   191,  /* (84) cmd ::= select */
+   205,  /* (85) select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
+   205,  /* (86) select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */
+   205,  /* (87) select ::= selectnowith */
+   240,  /* (88) selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
+   243,  /* (89) multiselect_op ::= UNION */
+   243,  /* (90) multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
+   243,  /* (91) multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */
+   241,  /* (92) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
+   241,  /* (93) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
+   253,  /* (94) values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
+   241,  /* (95) oneselect ::= mvalues */
+   255,  /* (96) mvalues ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+   255,  /* (97) mvalues ::= mvalues COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+   244,  /* (98) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
+   244,  /* (99) distinct ::= ALL */
+   244,  /* (100) distinct ::= */
+   256,  /* (101) sclp ::= */
+   245,  /* (102) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
+   245,  /* (103) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
+   245,  /* (104) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
+   257,  /* (105) as ::= AS nm */
+   257,  /* (106) as ::= */
+   246,  /* (107) from ::= */
+   246,  /* (108) from ::= FROM seltablist */
+   259,  /* (109) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
+   259,  /* (110) stl_prefix ::= */
+   258,  /* (111) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_using */
+   258,  /* (112) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_by on_using */
+   258,  /* (113) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_using */
+   258,  /* (114) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_using */
+   258,  /* (115) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_using */
+   201,  /* (116) dbnm ::= */
+   201,  /* (117) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
+   239,  /* (118) fullname ::= nm */
+   239,  /* (119) fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+   264,  /* (120) xfullname ::= nm */
+   264,  /* (121) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+   264,  /* (122) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
+   264,  /* (123) xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
+   260,  /* (124) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
+   260,  /* (125) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
+   260,  /* (126) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
+   260,  /* (127) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
+   261,  /* (128) on_using ::= ON expr */
+   261,  /* (129) on_using ::= USING LP idlist RP */
+   261,  /* (130) on_using ::= */
+   266,  /* (131) indexed_opt ::= */
+   262,  /* (132) indexed_by ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+   262,  /* (133) indexed_by ::= NOT INDEXED */
+   250,  /* (134) orderby_opt ::= */
+   250,  /* (135) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
+   232,  /* (136) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
+   232,  /* (137) sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
+   220,  /* (138) sortorder ::= ASC */
+   220,  /* (139) sortorder ::= DESC */
+   220,  /* (140) sortorder ::= */
+   267,  /* (141) nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
+   267,  /* (142) nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
+   267,  /* (143) nulls ::= */
+   248,  /* (144) groupby_opt ::= */
+   248,  /* (145) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
+   249,  /* (146) having_opt ::= */
+   249,  /* (147) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
+   251,  /* (148) limit_opt ::= */
+   251,  /* (149) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
+   251,  /* (150) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
+   251,  /* (151) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
+   191,  /* (152) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt_ret */
+   247,  /* (153) where_opt ::= */
+   247,  /* (154) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
+   269,  /* (155) where_opt_ret ::= */
+   269,  /* (156) where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr */
+   269,  /* (157) where_opt_ret ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+   269,  /* (158) where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr RETURNING selcollist */
+   191,  /* (159) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt_ret */
+   270,  /* (160) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
+   270,  /* (161) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+   270,  /* (162) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
+   270,  /* (163) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+   191,  /* (164) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
+   191,  /* (165) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES returning */
+   273,  /* (166) upsert ::= */
+   273,  /* (167) upsert ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+   273,  /* (168) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt upsert */
+   273,  /* (169) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING upsert */
+   273,  /* (170) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING returning */
+   273,  /* (171) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt returning */
+   274,  /* (172) returning ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+   271,  /* (173) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
+   271,  /* (174) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
+   272,  /* (175) idlist_opt ::= */
+   272,  /* (176) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
+   265,  /* (177) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
+   265,  /* (178) idlist ::= nm */
+   218,  /* (179) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+   218,  /* (180) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
+   218,  /* (181) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+   218,  /* (182) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+   217,  /* (183) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+   217,  /* (184) term ::= STRING */
+   217,  /* (185) term ::= INTEGER */
+   218,  /* (186) expr ::= VARIABLE */
+   218,  /* (187) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   218,  /* (188) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+   218,  /* (189) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP */
+   218,  /* (190) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist ORDER BY sortlist RP */
+   218,  /* (191) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP */
+   218,  /* (192) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
+   218,  /* (193) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist ORDER BY sortlist RP filter_over */
+   218,  /* (194) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP filter_over */
+   217,  /* (195) term ::= CTIME_KW */
+   218,  /* (196) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+   218,  /* (197) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+   218,  /* (198) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+   218,  /* (199) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
+   218,  /* (200) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
+   218,  /* (201) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
+   218,  /* (202) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
+   218,  /* (203) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
+   218,  /* (204) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
+   276,  /* (205) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+   218,  /* (206) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+   218,  /* (207) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+   218,  /* (208) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+   218,  /* (209) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+   218,  /* (210) expr ::= expr IS expr */
+   218,  /* (211) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+   218,  /* (212) expr ::= expr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM expr */
+   218,  /* (213) expr ::= expr IS DISTINCT FROM expr */
+   218,  /* (214) expr ::= NOT expr */
+   218,  /* (215) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
+   218,  /* (216) expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
+   218,  /* (217) expr ::= expr PTR expr */
+   277,  /* (218) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+   277,  /* (219) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
+   218,  /* (220) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+   278,  /* (221) in_op ::= IN */
+   278,  /* (222) in_op ::= NOT IN */
+   218,  /* (223) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+   218,  /* (224) expr ::= LP select RP */
+   218,  /* (225) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+   218,  /* (226) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+   218,  /* (227) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+   218,  /* (228) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+   281,  /* (229) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+   281,  /* (230) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+   282,  /* (231) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
+   282,  /* (232) case_else ::= */
+   280,  /* (233) case_operand ::= */
+   263,  /* (234) exprlist ::= */
+   254,  /* (235) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+   254,  /* (236) nexprlist ::= expr */
+   279,  /* (237) paren_exprlist ::= */
+   279,  /* (238) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+   191,  /* (239) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+   283,  /* (240) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+   283,  /* (241) uniqueflag ::= */
+   222,  /* (242) eidlist_opt ::= */
+   222,  /* (243) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
+   233,  /* (244) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+   233,  /* (245) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+   284,  /* (246) collate ::= */
+   284,  /* (247) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   191,  /* (248) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+   191,  /* (249) cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
+   191,  /* (250) cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
+   285,  /* (251) vinto ::= INTO expr */
+   285,  /* (252) vinto ::= */
+   191,  /* (253) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+   191,  /* (254) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+   191,  /* (255) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+   191,  /* (256) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+   191,  /* (257) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+   212,  /* (258) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   213,  /* (259) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   191,  /* (260) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+   287,  /* (261) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+   289,  /* (262) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+   289,  /* (263) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+   289,  /* (264) trigger_time ::= */
+   290,  /* (265) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+   290,  /* (266) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
+   290,  /* (267) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+   292,  /* (268) when_clause ::= */
+   292,  /* (269) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+   288,  /* (270) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+   288,  /* (271) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+   294,  /* (272) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+   295,  /* (273) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+   295,  /* (274) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+   293,  /* (275) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
+   293,  /* (276) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
+   293,  /* (277) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+   293,  /* (278) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+   218,  /* (279) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+   218,  /* (280) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+   237,  /* (281) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+   237,  /* (282) raisetype ::= ABORT */
+   237,  /* (283) raisetype ::= FAIL */
+   191,  /* (284) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+   191,  /* (285) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+   191,  /* (286) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+   297,  /* (287) key_opt ::= */
+   297,  /* (288) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
+   191,  /* (289) cmd ::= REINDEX */
+   191,  /* (290) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+   191,  /* (291) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+   191,  /* (292) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+   191,  /* (293) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+   191,  /* (294) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+   191,  /* (295) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname DROP kwcolumn_opt nm */
+   298,  /* (296) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+   191,  /* (297) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
+   191,  /* (298) cmd ::= create_vtab */
+   191,  /* (299) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+   300,  /* (300) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+   302,  /* (301) vtabarg ::= */
+   303,  /* (302) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+   303,  /* (303) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
+   304,  /* (304) lp ::= LP */
+   268,  /* (305) with ::= WITH wqlist */
+   268,  /* (306) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
+   307,  /* (307) wqas ::= AS */
+   307,  /* (308) wqas ::= AS MATERIALIZED */
+   307,  /* (309) wqas ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
+   306,  /* (310) wqitem ::= withnm eidlist_opt wqas LP select RP */
+   308,  /* (311) withnm ::= nm */
+   242,  /* (312) wqlist ::= wqitem */
+   242,  /* (313) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA wqitem */
+   309,  /* (314) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
+   310,  /* (315) windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
+   311,  /* (316) window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+   311,  /* (317) window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+   311,  /* (318) window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+   311,  /* (319) window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+   311,  /* (320) window ::= nm frame_opt */
+   312,  /* (321) frame_opt ::= */
+   312,  /* (322) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
+   312,  /* (323) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
+   316,  /* (324) range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */
+   318,  /* (325) frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
+   318,  /* (326) frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
+   319,  /* (327) frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */
+   319,  /* (328) frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */
+   317,  /* (329) frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
+   317,  /* (330) frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */
+   320,  /* (331) frame_exclude_opt ::= */
+   320,  /* (332) frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
+   321,  /* (333) frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
+   321,  /* (334) frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */
+   321,  /* (335) frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
+   252,  /* (336) window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
+   275,  /* (337) filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
+   275,  /* (338) filter_over ::= over_clause */
+   275,  /* (339) filter_over ::= filter_clause */
+   315,  /* (340) over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
+   315,  /* (341) over_clause ::= OVER nm */
+   314,  /* (342) filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
+   217,  /* (343) term ::= QNUMBER */
+   186,  /* (344) input ::= cmdlist */
+   187,  /* (345) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
+   187,  /* (346) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
+   188,  /* (347) ecmd ::= SEMI */
+   188,  /* (348) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */
+   188,  /* (349) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */
+   193,  /* (350) trans_opt ::= */
+   193,  /* (351) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
+   193,  /* (352) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
+   195,  /* (353) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
+   195,  /* (354) savepoint_opt ::= */
+   191,  /* (355) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
+   204,  /* (356) table_option_set ::= table_option */
+   202,  /* (357) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
+   202,  /* (358) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
+   194,  /* (359) nm ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
+   194,  /* (360) nm ::= STRING */
+   209,  /* (361) typetoken ::= typename */
+   210,  /* (362) typename ::= ID|STRING */
+   211,  /* (363) signed ::= plus_num */
+   211,  /* (364) signed ::= minus_num */
+   208,  /* (365) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
+   208,  /* (366) carglist ::= */
+   216,  /* (367) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
+   216,  /* (368) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */
+   216,  /* (369) ccons ::= AS generated */
+   203,  /* (370) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
+   229,  /* (371) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
+   229,  /* (372) conslist ::= tcons */
+   230,  /* (373) tconscomma ::= */
+   234,  /* (374) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
+   236,  /* (375) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
+   240,  /* (376) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
+   241,  /* (377) oneselect ::= values */
+   256,  /* (378) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
+   257,  /* (379) as ::= ID|STRING */
+   266,  /* (380) indexed_opt ::= indexed_by */
+   274,  /* (381) returning ::= */
+   218,  /* (382) expr ::= term */
+   276,  /* (383) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+   280,  /* (384) case_operand ::= expr */
+   263,  /* (385) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
+   286,  /* (386) nmnum ::= plus_num */
+   286,  /* (387) nmnum ::= nm */
+   286,  /* (388) nmnum ::= ON */
+   286,  /* (389) nmnum ::= DELETE */
+   286,  /* (390) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
+   212,  /* (391) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   291,  /* (392) foreach_clause ::= */
+   291,  /* (393) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
+   294,  /* (394) trnm ::= nm */
+   295,  /* (395) tridxby ::= */
+   296,  /* (396) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
+   296,  /* (397) database_kw_opt ::= */
+   299,  /* (398) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
+   299,  /* (399) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
+   301,  /* (400) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
+   301,  /* (401) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
+   302,  /* (402) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
+   305,  /* (403) anylist ::= */
+   305,  /* (404) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
+   305,  /* (405) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
+   268,  /* (406) with ::= */
+   309,  /* (407) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
+   311,  /* (408) window ::= frame_opt */
 };
 
 /* For rule J, yyRuleInfoNRhs[J] contains the negative of the number
@@ -172453,314 +175761,320 @@ static const signed char yyRuleInfoNRhs[] = {
    -9,  /* (92) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
   -10,  /* (93) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
    -4,  /* (94) values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
-   -5,  /* (95) values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
-   -1,  /* (96) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
-   -1,  /* (97) distinct ::= ALL */
-    0,  /* (98) distinct ::= */
-    0,  /* (99) sclp ::= */
-   -5,  /* (100) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
-   -3,  /* (101) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
-   -5,  /* (102) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
-   -2,  /* (103) as ::= AS nm */
-    0,  /* (104) as ::= */
-    0,  /* (105) from ::= */
-   -2,  /* (106) from ::= FROM seltablist */
-   -2,  /* (107) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
-    0,  /* (108) stl_prefix ::= */
-   -5,  /* (109) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_using */
-   -6,  /* (110) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_by on_using */
-   -8,  /* (111) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_using */
-   -6,  /* (112) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_using */
-   -6,  /* (113) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_using */
-    0,  /* (114) dbnm ::= */
-   -2,  /* (115) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
-   -1,  /* (116) fullname ::= nm */
-   -3,  /* (117) fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
-   -1,  /* (118) xfullname ::= nm */
-   -3,  /* (119) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
-   -5,  /* (120) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
-   -3,  /* (121) xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
-   -1,  /* (122) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
-   -2,  /* (123) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
-   -3,  /* (124) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-   -4,  /* (125) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-   -2,  /* (126) on_using ::= ON expr */
-   -4,  /* (127) on_using ::= USING LP idlist RP */
-    0,  /* (128) on_using ::= */
-    0,  /* (129) indexed_opt ::= */
-   -3,  /* (130) indexed_by ::= INDEXED BY nm */
-   -2,  /* (131) indexed_by ::= NOT INDEXED */
-    0,  /* (132) orderby_opt ::= */
-   -3,  /* (133) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
-   -5,  /* (134) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
-   -3,  /* (135) sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
-   -1,  /* (136) sortorder ::= ASC */
-   -1,  /* (137) sortorder ::= DESC */
-    0,  /* (138) sortorder ::= */
-   -2,  /* (139) nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
-   -2,  /* (140) nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
-    0,  /* (141) nulls ::= */
-    0,  /* (142) groupby_opt ::= */
-   -3,  /* (143) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
-    0,  /* (144) having_opt ::= */
-   -2,  /* (145) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
-    0,  /* (146) limit_opt ::= */
-   -2,  /* (147) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
-   -4,  /* (148) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
-   -4,  /* (149) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
-   -6,  /* (150) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt_ret */
-    0,  /* (151) where_opt ::= */
-   -2,  /* (152) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
-    0,  /* (153) where_opt_ret ::= */
-   -2,  /* (154) where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr */
-   -2,  /* (155) where_opt_ret ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-   -4,  /* (156) where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr RETURNING selcollist */
-   -9,  /* (157) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt_ret */
-   -5,  /* (158) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
-   -7,  /* (159) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
-   -3,  /* (160) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
-   -5,  /* (161) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
-   -7,  /* (162) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
-   -8,  /* (163) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES returning */
-    0,  /* (164) upsert ::= */
-   -2,  /* (165) upsert ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-  -12,  /* (166) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt upsert */
-   -9,  /* (167) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING upsert */
-   -5,  /* (168) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING returning */
-   -8,  /* (169) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt returning */
-   -2,  /* (170) returning ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-   -2,  /* (171) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
-   -1,  /* (172) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
-    0,  /* (173) idlist_opt ::= */
-   -3,  /* (174) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
-   -3,  /* (175) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
-   -1,  /* (176) idlist ::= nm */
-   -3,  /* (177) expr ::= LP expr RP */
-   -1,  /* (178) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
-   -3,  /* (179) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
-   -5,  /* (180) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
-   -1,  /* (181) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
-   -1,  /* (182) term ::= STRING */
-   -1,  /* (183) term ::= INTEGER */
-   -1,  /* (184) expr ::= VARIABLE */
-   -3,  /* (185) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
-   -6,  /* (186) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
-   -5,  /* (187) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP */
-   -4,  /* (188) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP */
-   -6,  /* (189) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
-   -5,  /* (190) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP filter_over */
-   -1,  /* (191) term ::= CTIME_KW */
-   -5,  /* (192) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
-   -3,  /* (193) expr ::= expr AND expr */
-   -3,  /* (194) expr ::= expr OR expr */
-   -3,  /* (195) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
-   -3,  /* (196) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
-   -3,  /* (197) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
-   -3,  /* (198) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
-   -3,  /* (199) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
-   -3,  /* (200) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
-   -2,  /* (201) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
-   -3,  /* (202) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
-   -5,  /* (203) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
-   -2,  /* (204) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
-   -3,  /* (205) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
-   -3,  /* (206) expr ::= expr IS expr */
-   -4,  /* (207) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
-   -6,  /* (208) expr ::= expr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM expr */
-   -5,  /* (209) expr ::= expr IS DISTINCT FROM expr */
-   -2,  /* (210) expr ::= NOT expr */
-   -2,  /* (211) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
-   -2,  /* (212) expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
-   -3,  /* (213) expr ::= expr PTR expr */
-   -1,  /* (214) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
-   -2,  /* (215) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
-   -5,  /* (216) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
-   -1,  /* (217) in_op ::= IN */
-   -2,  /* (218) in_op ::= NOT IN */
-   -5,  /* (219) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
-   -3,  /* (220) expr ::= LP select RP */
-   -5,  /* (221) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
-   -5,  /* (222) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
-   -4,  /* (223) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
-   -5,  /* (224) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
-   -5,  /* (225) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
-   -4,  /* (226) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
-   -2,  /* (227) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
-    0,  /* (228) case_else ::= */
-    0,  /* (229) case_operand ::= */
-    0,  /* (230) exprlist ::= */
-   -3,  /* (231) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
-   -1,  /* (232) nexprlist ::= expr */
-    0,  /* (233) paren_exprlist ::= */
-   -3,  /* (234) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
-  -12,  /* (235) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
-   -1,  /* (236) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
-    0,  /* (237) uniqueflag ::= */
-    0,  /* (238) eidlist_opt ::= */
-   -3,  /* (239) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
-   -5,  /* (240) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
-   -3,  /* (241) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
-    0,  /* (242) collate ::= */
-   -2,  /* (243) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
-   -4,  /* (244) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
-   -2,  /* (245) cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
-   -3,  /* (246) cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
-   -2,  /* (247) vinto ::= INTO expr */
-    0,  /* (248) vinto ::= */
-   -3,  /* (249) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
-   -5,  /* (250) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
-   -6,  /* (251) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
-   -5,  /* (252) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
-   -6,  /* (253) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
-   -2,  /* (254) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
-   -2,  /* (255) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
-   -5,  /* (256) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
-  -11,  /* (257) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
-   -1,  /* (258) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
-   -2,  /* (259) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
-    0,  /* (260) trigger_time ::= */
-   -1,  /* (261) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
-   -1,  /* (262) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
-   -3,  /* (263) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
-    0,  /* (264) when_clause ::= */
-   -2,  /* (265) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
-   -3,  /* (266) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
-   -2,  /* (267) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
-   -3,  /* (268) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
-   -3,  /* (269) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
-   -2,  /* (270) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
-   -9,  /* (271) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
-   -8,  /* (272) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
-   -6,  /* (273) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
-   -3,  /* (274) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
-   -4,  /* (275) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
-   -6,  /* (276) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
-   -1,  /* (277) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
-   -1,  /* (278) raisetype ::= ABORT */
-   -1,  /* (279) raisetype ::= FAIL */
-   -4,  /* (280) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
-   -6,  /* (281) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
-   -3,  /* (282) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
-    0,  /* (283) key_opt ::= */
-   -2,  /* (284) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
-   -1,  /* (285) cmd ::= REINDEX */
-   -3,  /* (286) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
-   -1,  /* (287) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
-   -3,  /* (288) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
-   -6,  /* (289) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
-   -7,  /* (290) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
-   -6,  /* (291) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname DROP kwcolumn_opt nm */
-   -1,  /* (292) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
-   -8,  /* (293) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
-   -1,  /* (294) cmd ::= create_vtab */
-   -4,  /* (295) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
-   -8,  /* (296) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
-    0,  /* (297) vtabarg ::= */
-   -1,  /* (298) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
-   -3,  /* (299) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
-   -1,  /* (300) lp ::= LP */
-   -2,  /* (301) with ::= WITH wqlist */
-   -3,  /* (302) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
-   -1,  /* (303) wqas ::= AS */
-   -2,  /* (304) wqas ::= AS MATERIALIZED */
-   -3,  /* (305) wqas ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
-   -6,  /* (306) wqitem ::= nm eidlist_opt wqas LP select RP */
-   -1,  /* (307) wqlist ::= wqitem */
-   -3,  /* (308) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA wqitem */
-   -3,  /* (309) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
-   -5,  /* (310) windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
-   -5,  /* (311) window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
-   -6,  /* (312) window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
-   -4,  /* (313) window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
-   -5,  /* (314) window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
-   -2,  /* (315) window ::= nm frame_opt */
-    0,  /* (316) frame_opt ::= */
-   -3,  /* (317) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
-   -6,  /* (318) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
-   -1,  /* (319) range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */
-   -1,  /* (320) frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
-   -2,  /* (321) frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
-   -1,  /* (322) frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */
-   -2,  /* (323) frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */
-   -2,  /* (324) frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
-   -2,  /* (325) frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */
-    0,  /* (326) frame_exclude_opt ::= */
-   -2,  /* (327) frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
-   -2,  /* (328) frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
-   -2,  /* (329) frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */
-   -1,  /* (330) frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
-   -2,  /* (331) window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
-   -2,  /* (332) filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
-   -1,  /* (333) filter_over ::= over_clause */
-   -1,  /* (334) filter_over ::= filter_clause */
-   -4,  /* (335) over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
-   -2,  /* (336) over_clause ::= OVER nm */
-   -5,  /* (337) filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
-   -1,  /* (338) input ::= cmdlist */
-   -2,  /* (339) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
-   -1,  /* (340) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
-   -1,  /* (341) ecmd ::= SEMI */
-   -2,  /* (342) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */
-   -3,  /* (343) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */
-    0,  /* (344) trans_opt ::= */
-   -1,  /* (345) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
-   -2,  /* (346) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
-   -1,  /* (347) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
-    0,  /* (348) savepoint_opt ::= */
-   -2,  /* (349) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
-   -1,  /* (350) table_option_set ::= table_option */
-   -4,  /* (351) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
-   -2,  /* (352) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
-   -1,  /* (353) nm ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
-   -1,  /* (354) nm ::= STRING */
-   -1,  /* (355) typetoken ::= typename */
-   -1,  /* (356) typename ::= ID|STRING */
-   -1,  /* (357) signed ::= plus_num */
-   -1,  /* (358) signed ::= minus_num */
-   -2,  /* (359) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
-    0,  /* (360) carglist ::= */
-   -2,  /* (361) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
-   -4,  /* (362) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */
-   -2,  /* (363) ccons ::= AS generated */
-   -2,  /* (364) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
-   -3,  /* (365) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
-   -1,  /* (366) conslist ::= tcons */
-    0,  /* (367) tconscomma ::= */
-   -1,  /* (368) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
-   -1,  /* (369) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
-   -1,  /* (370) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
-   -1,  /* (371) oneselect ::= values */
-   -2,  /* (372) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
-   -1,  /* (373) as ::= ID|STRING */
-   -1,  /* (374) indexed_opt ::= indexed_by */
-    0,  /* (375) returning ::= */
-   -1,  /* (376) expr ::= term */
-   -1,  /* (377) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
-   -1,  /* (378) case_operand ::= expr */
-   -1,  /* (379) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
-   -1,  /* (380) nmnum ::= plus_num */
-   -1,  /* (381) nmnum ::= nm */
-   -1,  /* (382) nmnum ::= ON */
-   -1,  /* (383) nmnum ::= DELETE */
-   -1,  /* (384) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
-   -1,  /* (385) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
-    0,  /* (386) foreach_clause ::= */
-   -3,  /* (387) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
-   -1,  /* (388) trnm ::= nm */
-    0,  /* (389) tridxby ::= */
-   -1,  /* (390) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
-    0,  /* (391) database_kw_opt ::= */
-    0,  /* (392) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
-   -1,  /* (393) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
-   -1,  /* (394) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
-   -3,  /* (395) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
-   -2,  /* (396) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
-    0,  /* (397) anylist ::= */
-   -4,  /* (398) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
-   -2,  /* (399) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
-    0,  /* (400) with ::= */
-   -1,  /* (401) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
-   -1,  /* (402) window ::= frame_opt */
+   -1,  /* (95) oneselect ::= mvalues */
+   -5,  /* (96) mvalues ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+   -5,  /* (97) mvalues ::= mvalues COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+   -1,  /* (98) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
+   -1,  /* (99) distinct ::= ALL */
+    0,  /* (100) distinct ::= */
+    0,  /* (101) sclp ::= */
+   -5,  /* (102) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
+   -3,  /* (103) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
+   -5,  /* (104) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
+   -2,  /* (105) as ::= AS nm */
+    0,  /* (106) as ::= */
+    0,  /* (107) from ::= */
+   -2,  /* (108) from ::= FROM seltablist */
+   -2,  /* (109) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
+    0,  /* (110) stl_prefix ::= */
+   -5,  /* (111) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_using */
+   -6,  /* (112) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_by on_using */
+   -8,  /* (113) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_using */
+   -6,  /* (114) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_using */
+   -6,  /* (115) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_using */
+    0,  /* (116) dbnm ::= */
+   -2,  /* (117) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
+   -1,  /* (118) fullname ::= nm */
+   -3,  /* (119) fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+   -1,  /* (120) xfullname ::= nm */
+   -3,  /* (121) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+   -5,  /* (122) xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
+   -3,  /* (123) xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
+   -1,  /* (124) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
+   -2,  /* (125) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
+   -3,  /* (126) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
+   -4,  /* (127) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
+   -2,  /* (128) on_using ::= ON expr */
+   -4,  /* (129) on_using ::= USING LP idlist RP */
+    0,  /* (130) on_using ::= */
+    0,  /* (131) indexed_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (132) indexed_by ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+   -2,  /* (133) indexed_by ::= NOT INDEXED */
+    0,  /* (134) orderby_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (135) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
+   -5,  /* (136) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
+   -3,  /* (137) sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
+   -1,  /* (138) sortorder ::= ASC */
+   -1,  /* (139) sortorder ::= DESC */
+    0,  /* (140) sortorder ::= */
+   -2,  /* (141) nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
+   -2,  /* (142) nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
+    0,  /* (143) nulls ::= */
+    0,  /* (144) groupby_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (145) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
+    0,  /* (146) having_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (147) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
+    0,  /* (148) limit_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (149) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
+   -4,  /* (150) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
+   -4,  /* (151) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
+   -6,  /* (152) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt_ret */
+    0,  /* (153) where_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (154) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
+    0,  /* (155) where_opt_ret ::= */
+   -2,  /* (156) where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr */
+   -2,  /* (157) where_opt_ret ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+   -4,  /* (158) where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr RETURNING selcollist */
+   -9,  /* (159) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt_ret */
+   -5,  /* (160) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
+   -7,  /* (161) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+   -3,  /* (162) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
+   -5,  /* (163) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+   -7,  /* (164) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
+   -8,  /* (165) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES returning */
+    0,  /* (166) upsert ::= */
+   -2,  /* (167) upsert ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+  -12,  /* (168) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt upsert */
+   -9,  /* (169) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING upsert */
+   -5,  /* (170) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING returning */
+   -8,  /* (171) upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt returning */
+   -2,  /* (172) returning ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+   -2,  /* (173) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
+   -1,  /* (174) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
+    0,  /* (175) idlist_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (176) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
+   -3,  /* (177) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
+   -1,  /* (178) idlist ::= nm */
+   -3,  /* (179) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+   -1,  /* (180) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
+   -3,  /* (181) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+   -5,  /* (182) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+   -1,  /* (183) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+   -1,  /* (184) term ::= STRING */
+   -1,  /* (185) term ::= INTEGER */
+   -1,  /* (186) expr ::= VARIABLE */
+   -3,  /* (187) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   -6,  /* (188) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+   -5,  /* (189) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP */
+   -8,  /* (190) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist ORDER BY sortlist RP */
+   -4,  /* (191) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP */
+   -6,  /* (192) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
+   -9,  /* (193) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist ORDER BY sortlist RP filter_over */
+   -5,  /* (194) expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP filter_over */
+   -1,  /* (195) term ::= CTIME_KW */
+   -5,  /* (196) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+   -3,  /* (197) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+   -3,  /* (198) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+   -3,  /* (199) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
+   -3,  /* (200) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
+   -3,  /* (201) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
+   -3,  /* (202) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
+   -3,  /* (203) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
+   -3,  /* (204) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
+   -2,  /* (205) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+   -3,  /* (206) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+   -5,  /* (207) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+   -2,  /* (208) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+   -3,  /* (209) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+   -3,  /* (210) expr ::= expr IS expr */
+   -4,  /* (211) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+   -6,  /* (212) expr ::= expr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM expr */
+   -5,  /* (213) expr ::= expr IS DISTINCT FROM expr */
+   -2,  /* (214) expr ::= NOT expr */
+   -2,  /* (215) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
+   -2,  /* (216) expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
+   -3,  /* (217) expr ::= expr PTR expr */
+   -1,  /* (218) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+   -2,  /* (219) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
+   -5,  /* (220) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+   -1,  /* (221) in_op ::= IN */
+   -2,  /* (222) in_op ::= NOT IN */
+   -5,  /* (223) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+   -3,  /* (224) expr ::= LP select RP */
+   -5,  /* (225) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+   -5,  /* (226) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+   -4,  /* (227) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+   -5,  /* (228) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+   -5,  /* (229) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+   -4,  /* (230) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+   -2,  /* (231) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
+    0,  /* (232) case_else ::= */
+    0,  /* (233) case_operand ::= */
+    0,  /* (234) exprlist ::= */
+   -3,  /* (235) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+   -1,  /* (236) nexprlist ::= expr */
+    0,  /* (237) paren_exprlist ::= */
+   -3,  /* (238) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+  -12,  /* (239) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+   -1,  /* (240) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+    0,  /* (241) uniqueflag ::= */
+    0,  /* (242) eidlist_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (243) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
+   -5,  /* (244) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+   -3,  /* (245) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+    0,  /* (246) collate ::= */
+   -2,  /* (247) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+   -4,  /* (248) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+   -2,  /* (249) cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
+   -3,  /* (250) cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
+   -2,  /* (251) vinto ::= INTO expr */
+    0,  /* (252) vinto ::= */
+   -3,  /* (253) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+   -5,  /* (254) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+   -6,  /* (255) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+   -5,  /* (256) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+   -6,  /* (257) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+   -2,  /* (258) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   -2,  /* (259) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+   -5,  /* (260) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+  -11,  /* (261) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+   -1,  /* (262) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+   -2,  /* (263) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+    0,  /* (264) trigger_time ::= */
+   -1,  /* (265) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+   -1,  /* (266) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
+   -3,  /* (267) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+    0,  /* (268) when_clause ::= */
+   -2,  /* (269) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+   -3,  /* (270) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+   -2,  /* (271) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+   -3,  /* (272) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+   -3,  /* (273) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+   -2,  /* (274) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+   -9,  /* (275) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
+   -8,  /* (276) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
+   -6,  /* (277) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+   -3,  /* (278) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+   -4,  /* (279) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+   -6,  /* (280) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+   -1,  /* (281) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+   -1,  /* (282) raisetype ::= ABORT */
+   -1,  /* (283) raisetype ::= FAIL */
+   -4,  /* (284) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+   -6,  /* (285) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+   -3,  /* (286) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+    0,  /* (287) key_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (288) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
+   -1,  /* (289) cmd ::= REINDEX */
+   -3,  /* (290) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+   -1,  /* (291) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+   -3,  /* (292) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+   -6,  /* (293) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+   -7,  /* (294) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+   -6,  /* (295) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname DROP kwcolumn_opt nm */
+   -1,  /* (296) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+   -8,  /* (297) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
+   -1,  /* (298) cmd ::= create_vtab */
+   -4,  /* (299) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+   -8,  /* (300) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+    0,  /* (301) vtabarg ::= */
+   -1,  /* (302) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+   -3,  /* (303) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
+   -1,  /* (304) lp ::= LP */
+   -2,  /* (305) with ::= WITH wqlist */
+   -3,  /* (306) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
+   -1,  /* (307) wqas ::= AS */
+   -2,  /* (308) wqas ::= AS MATERIALIZED */
+   -3,  /* (309) wqas ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
+   -6,  /* (310) wqitem ::= withnm eidlist_opt wqas LP select RP */
+   -1,  /* (311) withnm ::= nm */
+   -1,  /* (312) wqlist ::= wqitem */
+   -3,  /* (313) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA wqitem */
+   -3,  /* (314) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
+   -5,  /* (315) windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
+   -5,  /* (316) window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+   -6,  /* (317) window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+   -4,  /* (318) window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+   -5,  /* (319) window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+   -2,  /* (320) window ::= nm frame_opt */
+    0,  /* (321) frame_opt ::= */
+   -3,  /* (322) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
+   -6,  /* (323) frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
+   -1,  /* (324) range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */
+   -1,  /* (325) frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
+   -2,  /* (326) frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
+   -1,  /* (327) frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */
+   -2,  /* (328) frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */
+   -2,  /* (329) frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
+   -2,  /* (330) frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */
+    0,  /* (331) frame_exclude_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (332) frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
+   -2,  /* (333) frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
+   -2,  /* (334) frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */
+   -1,  /* (335) frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
+   -2,  /* (336) window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
+   -2,  /* (337) filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
+   -1,  /* (338) filter_over ::= over_clause */
+   -1,  /* (339) filter_over ::= filter_clause */
+   -4,  /* (340) over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
+   -2,  /* (341) over_clause ::= OVER nm */
+   -5,  /* (342) filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
+   -1,  /* (343) term ::= QNUMBER */
+   -1,  /* (344) input ::= cmdlist */
+   -2,  /* (345) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
+   -1,  /* (346) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
+   -1,  /* (347) ecmd ::= SEMI */
+   -2,  /* (348) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */
+   -3,  /* (349) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */
+    0,  /* (350) trans_opt ::= */
+   -1,  /* (351) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
+   -2,  /* (352) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
+   -1,  /* (353) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
+    0,  /* (354) savepoint_opt ::= */
+   -2,  /* (355) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
+   -1,  /* (356) table_option_set ::= table_option */
+   -4,  /* (357) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
+   -2,  /* (358) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
+   -1,  /* (359) nm ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
+   -1,  /* (360) nm ::= STRING */
+   -1,  /* (361) typetoken ::= typename */
+   -1,  /* (362) typename ::= ID|STRING */
+   -1,  /* (363) signed ::= plus_num */
+   -1,  /* (364) signed ::= minus_num */
+   -2,  /* (365) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
+    0,  /* (366) carglist ::= */
+   -2,  /* (367) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
+   -4,  /* (368) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */
+   -2,  /* (369) ccons ::= AS generated */
+   -2,  /* (370) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
+   -3,  /* (371) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
+   -1,  /* (372) conslist ::= tcons */
+    0,  /* (373) tconscomma ::= */
+   -1,  /* (374) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
+   -1,  /* (375) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
+   -1,  /* (376) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
+   -1,  /* (377) oneselect ::= values */
+   -2,  /* (378) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
+   -1,  /* (379) as ::= ID|STRING */
+   -1,  /* (380) indexed_opt ::= indexed_by */
+    0,  /* (381) returning ::= */
+   -1,  /* (382) expr ::= term */
+   -1,  /* (383) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+   -1,  /* (384) case_operand ::= expr */
+   -1,  /* (385) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
+   -1,  /* (386) nmnum ::= plus_num */
+   -1,  /* (387) nmnum ::= nm */
+   -1,  /* (388) nmnum ::= ON */
+   -1,  /* (389) nmnum ::= DELETE */
+   -1,  /* (390) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
+   -1,  /* (391) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
+    0,  /* (392) foreach_clause ::= */
+   -3,  /* (393) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
+   -1,  /* (394) trnm ::= nm */
+    0,  /* (395) tridxby ::= */
+   -1,  /* (396) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
+    0,  /* (397) database_kw_opt ::= */
+    0,  /* (398) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
+   -1,  /* (399) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
+   -1,  /* (400) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
+   -3,  /* (401) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
+   -2,  /* (402) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
+    0,  /* (403) anylist ::= */
+   -4,  /* (404) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
+   -2,  /* (405) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
+    0,  /* (406) with ::= */
+   -1,  /* (407) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn */
+   -1,  /* (408) window ::= frame_opt */
 };
 
 static void yy_accept(yyParser*);  /* Forward Declaration */
@@ -172812,16 +176126,16 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
 { sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }
         break;
       case 3: /* cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
-{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy394);}
+{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy144);}
         break;
       case 4: /* transtype ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy394 = TK_DEFERRED;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy144 = TK_DEFERRED;}
         break;
       case 5: /* transtype ::= DEFERRED */
       case 6: /* transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==6);
       case 7: /* transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==7);
-      case 319: /* range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==319);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 324: /* range_or_rows ::= RANGE|ROWS|GROUPS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==324);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
       case 8: /* cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
       case 9: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */ yytestcase(yyruleno==9);
@@ -172844,7 +176158,7 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
         break;
       case 13: /* create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
 {
-   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy394,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy394);
+   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy144,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
       case 14: /* createkw ::= CREATE */
@@ -172856,40 +176170,40 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
       case 62: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==62);
       case 72: /* defer_subclause_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==72);
       case 81: /* ifexists ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==81);
-      case 98: /* distinct ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==98);
-      case 242: /* collate ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==242);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy394 = 0;}
+      case 100: /* distinct ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==100);
+      case 246: /* collate ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==246);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy144 = 0;}
         break;
       case 16: /* ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy394 = 1;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy144 = 1;}
         break;
       case 17: /* temp ::= TEMP */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = pParse->db->init.busy==0;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = pParse->db->init.busy==0;}
         break;
       case 19: /* create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_option_set */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy285,0);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy391,0);
 }
         break;
       case 20: /* create_table_args ::= AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy47);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy47);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy555);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy555);
 }
         break;
       case 21: /* table_option_set ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy285 = 0;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy391 = 0;}
         break;
       case 22: /* table_option_set ::= table_option_set COMMA table_option */
-{yylhsminor.yy285 = yymsp[-2].minor.yy285|yymsp[0].minor.yy285;}
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy285 = yylhsminor.yy285;
+{yylhsminor.yy391 = yymsp[-2].minor.yy391|yymsp[0].minor.yy391;}
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy391 = yylhsminor.yy391;
         break;
       case 23: /* table_option ::= WITHOUT nm */
 {
   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n==5 && sqlite3_strnicmp(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z,"rowid",5)==0 ){
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy285 = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy391 = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
   }else{
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy285 = 0;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy391 = 0;
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown table option: %.*s", yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);
   }
 }
@@ -172897,20 +176211,20 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
       case 24: /* table_option ::= nm */
 {
   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n==6 && sqlite3_strnicmp(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z,"strict",6)==0 ){
-    yylhsminor.yy285 = TF_Strict;
+    yylhsminor.yy391 = TF_Strict;
   }else{
-    yylhsminor.yy285 = 0;
+    yylhsminor.yy391 = 0;
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown table option: %.*s", yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);
   }
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy285 = yylhsminor.yy285;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy391 = yylhsminor.yy391;
         break;
       case 25: /* columnname ::= nm typetoken */
 {sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 26: /* typetoken ::= */
       case 65: /* conslist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==65);
-      case 104: /* as ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==104);
+      case 106: /* as ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==106);
 {yymsp[1].minor.yy0.n = 0; yymsp[1].minor.yy0.z = 0;}
         break;
       case 27: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
@@ -172929,7 +176243,7 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
       case 30: /* scanpt ::= */
 {
   assert( yyLookahead!=YYNOCODE );
-  yymsp[1].minor.yy522 = yyLookaheadToken.z;
+  yymsp[1].minor.yy168 = yyLookaheadToken.z;
 }
         break;
       case 31: /* scantok ::= */
@@ -172943,17 +176257,17 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
 {pParse->constraintName = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
       case 33: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scantok term */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy528,yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n]);}
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy454,yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n]);}
         break;
       case 34: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy528,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z+1,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy454,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z+1,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
       case 35: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS scantok term */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy528,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n]);}
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy454,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n]);}
         break;
       case 36: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS scantok term */
 {
-  Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, 0);
+  Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, 0);
   sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n]);
 }
         break;
@@ -172968,151 +176282,151 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
 }
         break;
       case 38: /* ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
-{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy394);}
+{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy144);}
         break;
       case 39: /* ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy394,yymsp[0].minor.yy394,yymsp[-2].minor.yy394);}
+{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy144,yymsp[0].minor.yy144,yymsp[-2].minor.yy144);}
         break;
       case 40: /* ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy394,0,0,0,0,
+{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy144,0,0,0,0,
                                    SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
         break;
       case 41: /* ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy528,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
+{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy454,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
       case 42: /* ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
-{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy394);}
+{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy144);}
         break;
       case 43: /* ccons ::= defer_subclause */
-{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy394);}
+{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy144);}
         break;
       case 44: /* ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
 {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 45: /* generated ::= LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddGenerated(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy528,0);}
+{sqlite3AddGenerated(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy454,0);}
         break;
       case 46: /* generated ::= LP expr RP ID */
-{sqlite3AddGenerated(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+{sqlite3AddGenerated(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 48: /* autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = 1;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = 1;}
         break;
       case 49: /* refargs ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy394 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy144 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
         break;
       case 50: /* refargs ::= refargs refarg */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy231.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy231.value; }
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy383.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy383.value; }
         break;
       case 51: /* refarg ::= MATCH nm */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy231.value = 0;     yymsp[-1].minor.yy231.mask = 0x000000; }
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy383.value = 0;     yymsp[-1].minor.yy383.mask = 0x000000; }
         break;
       case 52: /* refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy231.value = 0;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy231.mask = 0x000000; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy383.value = 0;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy383.mask = 0x000000; }
         break;
       case 53: /* refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy231.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy394;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy231.mask = 0x0000ff; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy383.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy144;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy383.mask = 0x0000ff; }
         break;
       case 54: /* refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy231.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy394<<8;  yymsp[-2].minor.yy231.mask = 0x00ff00; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy383.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy144<<8;  yymsp[-2].minor.yy383.mask = 0x00ff00; }
         break;
       case 55: /* refact ::= SET NULL */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 56: /* refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 57: /* refact ::= CASCADE */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 58: /* refact ::= RESTRICT */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 59: /* refact ::= NO ACTION */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 60: /* defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy394 = 0;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy144 = 0;}
         break;
       case 61: /* defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
       case 76: /* orconf ::= OR resolvetype */ yytestcase(yyruleno==76);
-      case 171: /* insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==171);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = yymsp[0].minor.yy394;}
+      case 173: /* insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==173);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = yymsp[0].minor.yy144;}
         break;
       case 63: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
       case 80: /* ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==80);
-      case 215: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==215);
-      case 218: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==218);
-      case 243: /* collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==243);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = 1;}
+      case 219: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==219);
+      case 222: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==222);
+      case 247: /* collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==247);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = 1;}
         break;
       case 64: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = 0;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = 0;}
         break;
       case 66: /* tconscomma ::= COMMA */
 {pParse->constraintName.n = 0;}
         break;
       case 68: /* tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy394,yymsp[-2].minor.yy394,0);}
+{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy144,yymsp[-2].minor.yy144,0);}
         break;
       case 69: /* tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy394,0,0,0,0,
+{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy144,0,0,0,0,
                                        SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
         break;
       case 70: /* tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528,yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z);}
+{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454,yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
       case 71: /* tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
 {
-    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy394);
-    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy394);
+    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, yymsp[-1].minor.yy144);
+    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
       case 73: /* onconf ::= */
       case 75: /* orconf ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==75);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy394 = OE_Default;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy144 = OE_Default;}
         break;
       case 74: /* onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy394 = yymsp[0].minor.yy394;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy144 = yymsp[0].minor.yy144;}
         break;
       case 77: /* resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = OE_Ignore;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = OE_Ignore;}
         break;
       case 78: /* resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
-      case 172: /* insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==172);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = OE_Replace;}
+      case 174: /* insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==174);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = OE_Replace;}
         break;
       case 79: /* cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy131, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy394);
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy203, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
       case 82: /* cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy47, yymsp[-7].minor.yy394, yymsp[-5].minor.yy394);
+  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, yymsp[0].minor.yy555, yymsp[-7].minor.yy144, yymsp[-5].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
       case 83: /* cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy131, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy394);
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy203, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
       case 84: /* cmd ::= select */
 {
   SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy47, &dest);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy47);
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy555, &dest);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy555);
 }
         break;
       case 85: /* select ::= WITH wqlist selectnowith */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy47 = attachWithToSelect(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy47,yymsp[-1].minor.yy521);}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy555 = attachWithToSelect(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy555,yymsp[-1].minor.yy59);}
         break;
       case 86: /* select ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist selectnowith */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy47 = attachWithToSelect(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy47,yymsp[-1].minor.yy521);}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy555 = attachWithToSelect(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy555,yymsp[-1].minor.yy59);}
         break;
       case 87: /* select ::= selectnowith */
 {
-  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy47;
+  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy555;
   if( p ){
     parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
   }
@@ -173120,8 +176434,8 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
         break;
       case 88: /* selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
 {
-  Select *pRhs = yymsp[0].minor.yy47;
-  Select *pLhs = yymsp[-2].minor.yy47;
+  Select *pRhs = yymsp[0].minor.yy555;
+  Select *pLhs = yymsp[-2].minor.yy555;
   if( pRhs && pRhs->pPrior ){
     SrcList *pFrom;
     Token x;
@@ -173131,148 +176445,145 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
     pRhs = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,pFrom,0,0,0,0,0,0);
   }
   if( pRhs ){
-    pRhs->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy394;
+    pRhs->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy144;
     pRhs->pPrior = pLhs;
     if( ALWAYS(pLhs) ) pLhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
     pRhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
-    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy394!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
+    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy144!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
   }else{
     sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pLhs);
   }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy47 = pRhs;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy555 = pRhs;
 }
         break;
       case 89: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION */
       case 91: /* multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==91);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
         break;
       case 90: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = TK_ALL;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = TK_ALL;}
         break;
       case 92: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-8].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy322,yymsp[-5].minor.yy131,yymsp[-4].minor.yy528,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[-7].minor.yy394,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy555 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy14,yymsp[-5].minor.yy203,yymsp[-4].minor.yy454,yymsp[-3].minor.yy14,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454,yymsp[-1].minor.yy14,yymsp[-7].minor.yy144,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
 }
         break;
       case 93: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt window_clause orderby_opt limit_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-9].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-7].minor.yy322,yymsp[-6].minor.yy131,yymsp[-5].minor.yy528,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322,yymsp[-3].minor.yy528,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[-8].minor.yy394,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  if( yymsp[-9].minor.yy47 ){
-    yymsp[-9].minor.yy47->pWinDefn = yymsp[-2].minor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-9].minor.yy555 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-7].minor.yy14,yymsp[-6].minor.yy203,yymsp[-5].minor.yy454,yymsp[-4].minor.yy14,yymsp[-3].minor.yy454,yymsp[-1].minor.yy14,yymsp[-8].minor.yy144,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  if( yymsp[-9].minor.yy555 ){
+    yymsp[-9].minor.yy555->pWinDefn = yymsp[-2].minor.yy211;
   }else{
-    sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy41);
+    sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy211);
   }
 }
         break;
       case 94: /* values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy47 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy555 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy14,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0);
 }
         break;
-      case 95: /* values ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+      case 95: /* oneselect ::= mvalues */
 {
-  Select *pRight, *pLeft = yymsp[-4].minor.yy47;
-  pRight = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values|SF_MultiValue,0);
-  if( ALWAYS(pLeft) ) pLeft->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
-  if( pRight ){
-    pRight->op = TK_ALL;
-    pRight->pPrior = pLeft;
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy47 = pRight;
-  }else{
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy47 = pLeft;
-  }
+  sqlite3MultiValuesEnd(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy555);
 }
         break;
-      case 96: /* distinct ::= DISTINCT */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = SF_Distinct;}
+      case 96: /* mvalues ::= values COMMA LP nexprlist RP */
+      case 97: /* mvalues ::= mvalues COMMA LP nexprlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==97);
+{
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy555 = sqlite3MultiValues(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy555, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14);
+}
         break;
-      case 97: /* distinct ::= ALL */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = SF_All;}
+      case 98: /* distinct ::= DISTINCT */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = SF_Distinct;}
         break;
-      case 99: /* sclp ::= */
-      case 132: /* orderby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==132);
-      case 142: /* groupby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==142);
-      case 230: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==230);
-      case 233: /* paren_exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==233);
-      case 238: /* eidlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==238);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy322 = 0;}
+      case 99: /* distinct ::= ALL */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = SF_All;}
         break;
-      case 100: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
+      case 101: /* sclp ::= */
+      case 134: /* orderby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==134);
+      case 144: /* groupby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==144);
+      case 234: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==234);
+      case 237: /* paren_exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==237);
+      case 242: /* eidlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==242);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy14 = 0;}
+        break;
+      case 102: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
 {
-   yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);
-   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322,yymsp[-3].minor.yy522,yymsp[-1].minor.yy522);
+   yymsp[-4].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);
+   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
+   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy14,yymsp[-3].minor.yy168,yymsp[-1].minor.yy168);
 }
         break;
-      case 101: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
+      case 103: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
 {
   Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_ASTERISK, 0);
   sqlite3ExprSetErrorOffset(p, (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - pParse->zTail));
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, p);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, p);
 }
         break;
-      case 102: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
+      case 104: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
 {
   Expr *pRight, *pLeft, *pDot;
   pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ASTERISK, 0, 0);
   sqlite3ExprSetErrorOffset(pRight, (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - pParse->zTail));
   pLeft = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_ID, yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
   pDot = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, pDot);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, pDot);
 }
         break;
-      case 103: /* as ::= AS nm */
-      case 115: /* dbnm ::= DOT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==115);
-      case 254: /* plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==254);
-      case 255: /* minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==255);
+      case 105: /* as ::= AS nm */
+      case 117: /* dbnm ::= DOT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==117);
+      case 258: /* plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==258);
+      case 259: /* minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==259);
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
-      case 105: /* from ::= */
-      case 108: /* stl_prefix ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==108);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy131 = 0;}
+      case 107: /* from ::= */
+      case 110: /* stl_prefix ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==110);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy203 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 106: /* from ::= FROM seltablist */
+      case 108: /* from ::= FROM seltablist */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy131 = yymsp[0].minor.yy131;
-  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy131);
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy203 = yymsp[0].minor.yy203;
+  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy203);
 }
         break;
-      case 107: /* stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
+      case 109: /* stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
 {
-   if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy131 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy131->nSrc>0) ) yymsp[-1].minor.yy131->a[yymsp[-1].minor.yy131->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy394;
+   if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy203 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy203->nSrc>0) ) yymsp[-1].minor.yy203->a[yymsp[-1].minor.yy203->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy144;
 }
         break;
-      case 109: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_using */
+      case 111: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as on_using */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy131,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy561);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy203,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy269);
 }
         break;
-      case 110: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_by on_using */
+      case 112: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_by on_using */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy131,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy561);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy131, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy203,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy269);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy203, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 111: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_using */
+      case 113: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_using */
 {
-  yymsp[-7].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-7].minor.yy131,&yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy561);
-  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy131, yymsp[-3].minor.yy322);
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-7].minor.yy203,&yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy269);
+  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy203, yymsp[-3].minor.yy14);
 }
         break;
-      case 112: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_using */
+      case 114: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_using */
 {
-    yymsp[-5].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy131,0,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[-3].minor.yy47,&yymsp[0].minor.yy561);
+    yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy203,0,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[-3].minor.yy555,&yymsp[0].minor.yy269);
   }
         break;
-      case 113: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_using */
+      case 115: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_using */
 {
-    if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy131==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy561.pOn==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy561.pUsing==0 ){
-      yymsp[-5].minor.yy131 = yymsp[-3].minor.yy131;
-    }else if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-3].minor.yy131!=0) && yymsp[-3].minor.yy131->nSrc==1 ){
-      yymsp[-5].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy131,0,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy561);
-      if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy131 ){
-        SrcItem *pNew = &yymsp[-5].minor.yy131->a[yymsp[-5].minor.yy131->nSrc-1];
-        SrcItem *pOld = yymsp[-3].minor.yy131->a;
+    if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy203==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy269.pOn==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy269.pUsing==0 ){
+      yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 = yymsp[-3].minor.yy203;
+    }else if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-3].minor.yy203!=0) && yymsp[-3].minor.yy203->nSrc==1 ){
+      yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy203,0,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy269);
+      if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 ){
+        SrcItem *pNew = &yymsp[-5].minor.yy203->a[yymsp[-5].minor.yy203->nSrc-1];
+        SrcItem *pOld = yymsp[-3].minor.yy203->a;
         pNew->zName = pOld->zName;
         pNew->zDatabase = pOld->zDatabase;
         pNew->pSelect = pOld->pSelect;
@@ -173288,153 +176599,153 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
         pOld->zName = pOld->zDatabase = 0;
         pOld->pSelect = 0;
       }
-      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-3].minor.yy131);
+      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-3].minor.yy203);
     }else{
       Select *pSubquery;
-      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy131);
-      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-3].minor.yy131,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0);
-      yymsp[-5].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy131,0,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,pSubquery,&yymsp[0].minor.yy561);
+      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy203);
+      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-3].minor.yy203,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0);
+      yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy203,0,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,pSubquery,&yymsp[0].minor.yy269);
     }
   }
         break;
-      case 114: /* dbnm ::= */
-      case 129: /* indexed_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==129);
+      case 116: /* dbnm ::= */
+      case 131: /* indexed_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==131);
 {yymsp[1].minor.yy0.z=0; yymsp[1].minor.yy0.n=0;}
         break;
-      case 116: /* fullname ::= nm */
+      case 118: /* fullname ::= nm */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);
-  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && yylhsminor.yy131 ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, yylhsminor.yy131->a[0].zName, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);
+  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && yylhsminor.yy203 ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, yylhsminor.yy203->a[0].zName, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy131 = yylhsminor.yy131;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 117: /* fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 119: /* fullname ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && yylhsminor.yy131 ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, yylhsminor.yy131->a[0].zName, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && yylhsminor.yy203 ) sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, yylhsminor.yy203->a[0].zName, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy131 = yylhsminor.yy131;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 118: /* xfullname ::= nm */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 120: /* xfullname ::= nm */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 119: /* xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 121: /* xfullname ::= nm DOT nm */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 120: /* xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
+      case 122: /* xfullname ::= nm DOT nm AS nm */
 {
-   yymsp[-4].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-   if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy131 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy131->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+   yymsp[-4].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+   if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy203 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy203->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 121: /* xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
+      case 123: /* xfullname ::= nm AS nm */
 {
-   yymsp[-2].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-   if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy131 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy131->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+   yymsp[-2].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+   if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy203 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy203->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 122: /* joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = JT_INNER; }
+      case 124: /* joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = JT_INNER; }
         break;
-      case 123: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+      case 125: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
-      case 124: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy394 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+      case 126: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy144 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
-      case 125: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy394 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
+      case 127: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy144 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
-      case 126: /* on_using ::= ON expr */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy561.pOn = yymsp[0].minor.yy528; yymsp[-1].minor.yy561.pUsing = 0;}
+      case 128: /* on_using ::= ON expr */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy269.pOn = yymsp[0].minor.yy454; yymsp[-1].minor.yy269.pUsing = 0;}
         break;
-      case 127: /* on_using ::= USING LP idlist RP */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy561.pOn = 0; yymsp[-3].minor.yy561.pUsing = yymsp[-1].minor.yy254;}
+      case 129: /* on_using ::= USING LP idlist RP */
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy269.pOn = 0; yymsp[-3].minor.yy269.pUsing = yymsp[-1].minor.yy132;}
         break;
-      case 128: /* on_using ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy561.pOn = 0; yymsp[1].minor.yy561.pUsing = 0;}
+      case 130: /* on_using ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy269.pOn = 0; yymsp[1].minor.yy269.pUsing = 0;}
         break;
-      case 130: /* indexed_by ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+      case 132: /* indexed_by ::= INDEXED BY nm */
 {yymsp[-2].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
-      case 131: /* indexed_by ::= NOT INDEXED */
+      case 133: /* indexed_by ::= NOT INDEXED */
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z=0; yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n=1;}
         break;
-      case 133: /* orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
-      case 143: /* groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==143);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yymsp[0].minor.yy322;}
+      case 135: /* orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
+      case 145: /* groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==145);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy14 = yymsp[0].minor.yy14;}
         break;
-      case 134: /* sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
+      case 136: /* sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder nulls */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-4].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy394,yymsp[0].minor.yy394);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy14,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-4].minor.yy14,yymsp[-1].minor.yy144,yymsp[0].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
-      case 135: /* sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
+      case 137: /* sortlist ::= expr sortorder nulls */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
-  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy394,yymsp[0].minor.yy394);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[-1].minor.yy144,yymsp[0].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
-      case 136: /* sortorder ::= ASC */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
+      case 138: /* sortorder ::= ASC */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
         break;
-      case 137: /* sortorder ::= DESC */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
+      case 139: /* sortorder ::= DESC */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
         break;
-      case 138: /* sortorder ::= */
-      case 141: /* nulls ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==141);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy394 = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
+      case 140: /* sortorder ::= */
+      case 143: /* nulls ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==143);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy144 = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
         break;
-      case 139: /* nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
+      case 141: /* nulls ::= NULLS FIRST */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
         break;
-      case 140: /* nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
+      case 142: /* nulls ::= NULLS LAST */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
         break;
-      case 144: /* having_opt ::= */
-      case 146: /* limit_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==146);
-      case 151: /* where_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==151);
-      case 153: /* where_opt_ret ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==153);
-      case 228: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==228);
-      case 229: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==229);
-      case 248: /* vinto ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==248);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy528 = 0;}
+      case 146: /* having_opt ::= */
+      case 148: /* limit_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==148);
+      case 153: /* where_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==153);
+      case 155: /* where_opt_ret ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==155);
+      case 232: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==232);
+      case 233: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==233);
+      case 252: /* vinto ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==252);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy454 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 145: /* having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
-      case 152: /* where_opt ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==152);
-      case 154: /* where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==154);
-      case 227: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==227);
-      case 247: /* vinto ::= INTO expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==247);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy528 = yymsp[0].minor.yy528;}
+      case 147: /* having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
+      case 154: /* where_opt ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==154);
+      case 156: /* where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==156);
+      case 231: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==231);
+      case 251: /* vinto ::= INTO expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==251);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 = yymsp[0].minor.yy454;}
         break;
-      case 147: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy528,0);}
+      case 149: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy454,0);}
         break;
-      case 148: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);}
+      case 150: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);}
         break;
-      case 149: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy528,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);}
+      case 151: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy454,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);}
         break;
-      case 150: /* cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt_ret */
+      case 152: /* cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname indexed_opt where_opt_ret */
 {
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy131, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy131,yymsp[0].minor.yy528,0,0);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy203, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy203,yymsp[0].minor.yy454,0,0);
 }
         break;
-      case 155: /* where_opt_ret ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-{sqlite3AddReturning(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy322); yymsp[-1].minor.yy528 = 0;}
+      case 157: /* where_opt_ret ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+{sqlite3AddReturning(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy14); yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 156: /* where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr RETURNING selcollist */
-{sqlite3AddReturning(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy322); yymsp[-3].minor.yy528 = yymsp[-2].minor.yy528;}
+      case 158: /* where_opt_ret ::= WHERE expr RETURNING selcollist */
+{sqlite3AddReturning(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy14); yymsp[-3].minor.yy454 = yymsp[-2].minor.yy454;}
         break;
-      case 157: /* cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt_ret */
+      case 159: /* cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf xfullname indexed_opt SET setlist from where_opt_ret */
 {
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy131, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,"set list");
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy131 ){
-    SrcList *pFromClause = yymsp[-1].minor.yy131;
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy203, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,"set list");
+  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy203 ){
+    SrcList *pFromClause = yymsp[-1].minor.yy203;
     if( pFromClause->nSrc>1 ){
       Select *pSubquery;
       Token as;
@@ -173443,92 +176754,92 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
       as.z = 0;
       pFromClause = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,0,0,0,&as,pSubquery,0);
     }
-    yymsp[-5].minor.yy131 = sqlite3SrcListAppendList(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy131, pFromClause);
+    yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 = sqlite3SrcListAppendList(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy203, pFromClause);
   }
-  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy131,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy528,yymsp[-6].minor.yy394,0,0,0);
+  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-5].minor.yy203,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy454,yymsp[-6].minor.yy144,0,0,0);
 }
         break;
-      case 158: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
+      case 160: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
         break;
-      case 159: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+      case 161: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-6].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy322, yymsp[-3].minor.yy254, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy14, yymsp[-3].minor.yy132, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
 }
         break;
-      case 160: /* setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
+      case 162: /* setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yylhsminor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yylhsminor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yylhsminor.yy14, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yylhsminor.yy322;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy14 = yylhsminor.yy14;
         break;
-      case 161: /* setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+      case 163: /* setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy254, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy132, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
 }
         break;
-      case 162: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
+      case 164: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt select upsert */
 {
-  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy131, yymsp[-1].minor.yy47, yymsp[-2].minor.yy254, yymsp[-5].minor.yy394, yymsp[0].minor.yy444);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy203, yymsp[-1].minor.yy555, yymsp[-2].minor.yy132, yymsp[-5].minor.yy144, yymsp[0].minor.yy122);
 }
         break;
-      case 163: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES returning */
+      case 165: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO xfullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES returning */
 {
-  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy131, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy254, yymsp[-6].minor.yy394, 0);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy203, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy132, yymsp[-6].minor.yy144, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 164: /* upsert ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy444 = 0; }
+      case 166: /* upsert ::= */
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy122 = 0; }
         break;
-      case 165: /* upsert ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy444 = 0; sqlite3AddReturning(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy322); }
+      case 167: /* upsert ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy122 = 0; sqlite3AddReturning(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy14); }
         break;
-      case 166: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt upsert */
-{ yymsp[-11].minor.yy444 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,yymsp[-8].minor.yy322,yymsp[-6].minor.yy528,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy528,yymsp[0].minor.yy444);}
+      case 168: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt upsert */
+{ yymsp[-11].minor.yy122 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,yymsp[-8].minor.yy14,yymsp[-6].minor.yy454,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[-1].minor.yy454,yymsp[0].minor.yy122);}
         break;
-      case 167: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING upsert */
-{ yymsp[-8].minor.yy444 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,yymsp[-5].minor.yy322,yymsp[-3].minor.yy528,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy444); }
+      case 169: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist RP where_opt DO NOTHING upsert */
+{ yymsp[-8].minor.yy122 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,yymsp[-5].minor.yy14,yymsp[-3].minor.yy454,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy122); }
         break;
-      case 168: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING returning */
-{ yymsp[-4].minor.yy444 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,0,0,0,0,0); }
+      case 170: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING returning */
+{ yymsp[-4].minor.yy122 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,0,0,0,0,0); }
         break;
-      case 169: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt returning */
-{ yymsp[-7].minor.yy444 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy528,0);}
+      case 171: /* upsert ::= ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE SET setlist where_opt returning */
+{ yymsp[-7].minor.yy122 = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[-1].minor.yy454,0);}
         break;
-      case 170: /* returning ::= RETURNING selcollist */
-{sqlite3AddReturning(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy322);}
+      case 172: /* returning ::= RETURNING selcollist */
+{sqlite3AddReturning(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy14);}
         break;
-      case 173: /* idlist_opt ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy254 = 0;}
+      case 175: /* idlist_opt ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy132 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 174: /* idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy254 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy254;}
+      case 176: /* idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy132 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy132;}
         break;
-      case 175: /* idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy254 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy254,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+      case 177: /* idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy132 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy132,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 176: /* idlist ::= nm */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy254 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+      case 178: /* idlist ::= nm */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy132 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
         break;
-      case 177: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy528;}
+      case 179: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy454;}
         break;
-      case 178: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy528=tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 180: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy454=tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 179: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 181: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
   Expr *temp1 = tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
   Expr *temp2 = tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 180: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+      case 182: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
 {
   Expr *temp1 = tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
   Expr *temp2 = tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
@@ -173537,27 +176848,27 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
   if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
     sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, temp1);
   }
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 181: /* term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
-      case 182: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==182);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy528=tokenExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 183: /* term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+      case 184: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==184);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy454=tokenExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 183: /* term ::= INTEGER */
+      case 185: /* term ::= INTEGER */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-  if( yylhsminor.yy528 ) yylhsminor.yy528->w.iOfst = (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - pParse->zTail);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
+  if( yylhsminor.yy454 ) yylhsminor.yy454->w.iOfst = (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - pParse->zTail);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 184: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
+      case 186: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
 {
   if( !(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[0]=='#' && sqlite3Isdigit(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[1])) ){
     u32 n = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-    yymsp[0].minor.yy528 = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_VARIABLE, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, n);
+    yymsp[0].minor.yy454 = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_VARIABLE, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, n);
   }else{
     /* When doing a nested parse, one can include terms in an expression
     ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
@@ -173566,179 +176877,203 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
     assert( t.n>=2 );
     if( pParse->nested==0 ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &t);
-      yymsp[0].minor.yy528 = 0;
+      yymsp[0].minor.yy454 = 0;
     }else{
-      yymsp[0].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
-      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy528 ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy528->iTable);
+      yymsp[0].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
+      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy454 ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy454->iTable);
     }
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 185: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+      case 187: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
         break;
-      case 186: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+      case 188: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
-  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, yymsp[-5].minor.yy528, yymsp[-3].minor.yy528, 0);
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
+  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, yymsp[-5].minor.yy454, yymsp[-3].minor.yy454, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 187: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP */
+      case 189: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy394);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy144);
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 188: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP */
+      case 190: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist ORDER BY sortlist RP */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, 0);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy144);
+  sqlite3ExprAddFunctionOrderBy(pParse, yylhsminor.yy454, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14);
 }
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 189: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
+      case 191: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy394);
-  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy528, yymsp[0].minor.yy41);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, 0);
 }
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 190: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP filter_over */
+      case 192: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist RP filter_over */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, 0);
-  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy528, yymsp[0].minor.yy41);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy144);
+  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy454, yymsp[0].minor.yy211);
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 191: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
+      case 193: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP distinct exprlist ORDER BY sortlist RP filter_over */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 0);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, yymsp[-6].minor.yy144);
+  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy454, yymsp[0].minor.yy211);
+  sqlite3ExprAddFunctionOrderBy(pParse, yylhsminor.yy454, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 192: /* expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+      case 194: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW LP STAR RP filter_over */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy528);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->x.pList = pList;
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, 0);
+  sqlite3WindowAttach(pParse, yylhsminor.yy454, yymsp[0].minor.yy211);
+}
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
+        break;
+      case 195: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
+{
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 0);
+}
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
+        break;
+      case 196: /* expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+{
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy14, yymsp[-1].minor.yy454);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->x.pList = pList;
     if( ALWAYS(pList->nExpr) ){
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->flags |= pList->a[0].pExpr->flags & EP_Propagate;
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->flags |= pList->a[0].pExpr->flags & EP_Propagate;
     }
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 193: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy528=sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);}
+      case 197: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy454=sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);}
         break;
-      case 194: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */
-      case 195: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==195);
-      case 196: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==196);
-      case 197: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==197);
-      case 198: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==198);
-      case 199: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==199);
-      case 200: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==200);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy528=sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[-1].major,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);}
+      case 198: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */
+      case 199: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==199);
+      case 200: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==200);
+      case 201: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==201);
+      case 202: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==202);
+      case 203: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==203);
+      case 204: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==204);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy454=sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[-1].major,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);}
         break;
-      case 201: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+      case 205: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0=yymsp[0].minor.yy0; yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n|=0x80000000; /*yymsp[-1].minor.yy0-overwrite-yymsp[0].minor.yy0*/}
         break;
-      case 202: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+      case 206: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr */
 {
   ExprList *pList;
   int bNot = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n & 0x80000000;
   yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n &= 0x7fffffff;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 0);
-  if( bNot ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy528->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 0);
+  if( bNot ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy454->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
 }
         break;
-      case 203: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+      case 207: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
 {
   ExprList *pList;
   int bNot = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n & 0x80000000;
   yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n &= 0x7fffffff;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, 0);
-  if( bNot ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, 0);
+  if( bNot ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
 }
         break;
-      case 204: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[-1].minor.yy528,0);}
+      case 208: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[-1].minor.yy454,0);}
         break;
-      case 205: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528,0);}
+      case 209: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454,0);}
         break;
-      case 206: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
+      case 210: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_IS,yymsp[-2].minor.yy528,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528, TK_ISNULL);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_IS,yymsp[-2].minor.yy454,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454, TK_ISNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 207: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+      case 211: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,yymsp[-3].minor.yy528,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, yymsp[-3].minor.yy528, TK_NOTNULL);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,yymsp[-3].minor.yy454,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, yymsp[-3].minor.yy454, TK_NOTNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 208: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM expr */
+      case 212: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT DISTINCT FROM expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_IS,yymsp[-5].minor.yy528,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, yymsp[-5].minor.yy528, TK_ISNULL);
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_IS,yymsp[-5].minor.yy454,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, yymsp[-5].minor.yy454, TK_ISNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 209: /* expr ::= expr IS DISTINCT FROM expr */
+      case 213: /* expr ::= expr IS DISTINCT FROM expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,yymsp[-4].minor.yy528,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, TK_NOTNULL);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,yymsp[-4].minor.yy454,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, TK_NOTNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 210: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
-      case 211: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==211);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, 0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+      case 214: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
+      case 215: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==215);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, 0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
         break;
-      case 212: /* expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
+      case 216: /* expr ::= PLUS|MINUS expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major==TK_PLUS ? TK_UPLUS : TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, 0);
-  /*A-overwrites-B*/
+  Expr *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy454;
+  u8 op = yymsp[-1].major + (TK_UPLUS-TK_PLUS);
+  assert( TK_UPLUS>TK_PLUS );
+  assert( TK_UMINUS == TK_MINUS + (TK_UPLUS - TK_PLUS) );
+  if( p && p->op==TK_UPLUS ){
+    p->op = op;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 = p;
+  }else{
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, p, 0);
+    /*A-overwrites-B*/
+  }
 }
         break;
-      case 213: /* expr ::= expr PTR expr */
+      case 217: /* expr ::= expr PTR expr */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  yylhsminor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 0);
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  yylhsminor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 0);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = yylhsminor.yy528;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
-      case 214: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */
-      case 217: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==217);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = 0;}
+      case 218: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+      case 221: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==221);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 216: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+      case 220: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->x.pList = pList;
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->x.pList = pList;
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
   }
-  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy394 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy144 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 219: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+      case 223: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
 {
-    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322==0 ){
+    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy14==0 ){
       /* Expressions of the form
       **
       **      expr1 IN ()
@@ -173747,208 +177082,208 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
       ** simplify to constants 0 (false) and 1 (true), respectively,
       ** regardless of the value of expr1.
       */
-      sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528);
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_STRING, yymsp[-3].minor.yy394 ? "true" : "false");
-      if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 ) sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(yymsp[-4].minor.yy528);
-    }else{
-      Expr *pRHS = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->a[0].pExpr;
-      if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->nExpr==1 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pRHS) && yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->op!=TK_VECTOR ){
-        yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->a[0].pExpr = 0;
-        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322);
+      sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_STRING, yymsp[-3].minor.yy144 ? "true" : "false");
+      if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 ) sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(yymsp[-4].minor.yy454);
+    }else{
+      Expr *pRHS = yymsp[-1].minor.yy14->a[0].pExpr;
+      if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy14->nExpr==1 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse,pRHS) && yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->op!=TK_VECTOR ){
+        yymsp[-1].minor.yy14->a[0].pExpr = 0;
+        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14);
         pRHS = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UPLUS, pRHS, 0);
-        yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, pRHS);
-      }else if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->nExpr==1 && pRHS->op==TK_SELECT ){
-        yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
-        sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, pRHS->x.pSelect);
+        yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, pRHS);
+      }else if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy14->nExpr==1 && pRHS->op==TK_SELECT ){
+        yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
+        sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, pRHS->x.pSelect);
         pRHS->x.pSelect = 0;
-        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322);
-      }else{
-        yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
-        if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy528==0 ){
-          sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322);
-        }else if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->pLeft->op==TK_VECTOR ){
-          int nExpr = yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->pLeft->x.pList->nExpr;
-          Select *pSelectRHS = sqlite3ExprListToValues(pParse, nExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322);
+        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14);
+      }else{
+        yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
+        if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy454==0 ){
+          sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14);
+        }else if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->pLeft->op==TK_VECTOR ){
+          int nExpr = yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->pLeft->x.pList->nExpr;
+          Select *pSelectRHS = sqlite3ExprListToValues(pParse, nExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14);
           if( pSelectRHS ){
             parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, pSelectRHS);
-            sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, pSelectRHS);
+            sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, pSelectRHS);
           }
         }else{
-          yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322;
-          sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528);
+          yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy14;
+          sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454);
         }
       }
-      if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy394 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
+      if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy144 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
     }
   }
         break;
-      case 220: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
+      case 224: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
 {
-    yymsp[-2].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528, yymsp[-1].minor.yy47);
+    yymsp[-2].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454, yymsp[-1].minor.yy555);
   }
         break;
-      case 221: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+      case 225: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
 {
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, yymsp[-1].minor.yy47);
-    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy394 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, yymsp[-1].minor.yy555);
+    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy144 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
   }
         break;
-      case 222: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+      case 226: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
 {
     SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse, 0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
     Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0);
-    if( yymsp[0].minor.yy322 )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy322);
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, pSelect);
-    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy394 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528, 0);
+    if( yymsp[0].minor.yy14 )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy14);
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, pSelect);
+    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy144 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454, 0);
   }
         break;
-      case 223: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+      case 227: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
 {
     Expr *p;
-    p = yymsp[-3].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, yymsp[-1].minor.yy47);
+    p = yymsp[-3].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, yymsp[-1].minor.yy555);
   }
         break;
-      case 224: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+      case 228: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy528, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy528->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy528 ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy528) : yymsp[-2].minor.yy322;
-    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy528);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy454, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy454->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[-1].minor.yy454) : yymsp[-2].minor.yy14;
+    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy454);
   }else{
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy528);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy454);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 225: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+      case 229: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
 }
         break;
-      case 226: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+      case 230: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy528);
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy454);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy14, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
 }
         break;
-      case 231: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);}
+      case 235: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy14,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);}
         break;
-      case 232: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy528); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+      case 236: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy14 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy454); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
         break;
-      case 234: /* paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
-      case 239: /* eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==239);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322;}
+      case 238: /* paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+      case 243: /* eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==243);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy14 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy14;}
         break;
-      case 235: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+      case 239: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
 {
   sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,
-                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-10].minor.yy394,
-                      &yymsp[-11].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-8].minor.yy394, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
+                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, yymsp[-10].minor.yy144,
+                      &yymsp[-11].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-8].minor.yy144, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
   if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pParse->pNewIndex ){
     sqlite3RenameTokenMap(pParse, pParse->pNewIndex->zName, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 236: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
-      case 278: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==278);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = OE_Abort;}
+      case 240: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+      case 282: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==282);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = OE_Abort;}
         break;
-      case 237: /* uniqueflag ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy394 = OE_None;}
+      case 241: /* uniqueflag ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy144 = OE_None;}
         break;
-      case 240: /* eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+      case 244: /* eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy394, yymsp[0].minor.yy394);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy14 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy144, yymsp[0].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
-      case 241: /* eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+      case 245: /* eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy394, yymsp[0].minor.yy394); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy14 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy144, yymsp[0].minor.yy144); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
 }
         break;
-      case 244: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
-{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy131, yymsp[-1].minor.yy394);}
+      case 248: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy203, yymsp[-1].minor.yy144);}
         break;
-      case 245: /* cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
-{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);}
+      case 249: /* cmd ::= VACUUM vinto */
+{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);}
         break;
-      case 246: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
-{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy528);}
+      case 250: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm vinto */
+{sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy454);}
         break;
-      case 249: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+      case 253: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0,0);}
         break;
-      case 250: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+      case 254: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
-      case 251: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+      case 255: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
-      case 252: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+      case 256: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,1);}
         break;
-      case 253: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+      case 257: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,1);}
         break;
-      case 256: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+      case 260: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
 {
   Token all;
   all.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
   all.n = (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z) + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy33, &all);
+  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy427, &all);
 }
         break;
-      case 257: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+      case 261: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
 {
-  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy394, yymsp[-4].minor.yy180.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy180.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy131, yymsp[0].minor.yy528, yymsp[-10].minor.yy394, yymsp[-8].minor.yy394);
+  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy144, yymsp[-4].minor.yy286.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy286.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy203, yymsp[0].minor.yy454, yymsp[-10].minor.yy144, yymsp[-8].minor.yy144);
   yymsp[-10].minor.yy0 = (yymsp[-6].minor.yy0.n==0?yymsp[-7].minor.yy0:yymsp[-6].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-T*/
 }
         break;
-      case 258: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ }
+      case 262: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ }
         break;
-      case 259: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy394 = TK_INSTEAD;}
+      case 263: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy144 = TK_INSTEAD;}
         break;
-      case 260: /* trigger_time ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy394 = TK_BEFORE; }
+      case 264: /* trigger_time ::= */
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy144 = TK_BEFORE; }
         break;
-      case 261: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
-      case 262: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==262);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy180.a = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ yymsp[0].minor.yy180.b = 0;}
+      case 265: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+      case 266: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==266);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy286.a = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ yymsp[0].minor.yy286.b = 0;}
         break;
-      case 263: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy180.a = TK_UPDATE; yymsp[-2].minor.yy180.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy254;}
+      case 267: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy286.a = TK_UPDATE; yymsp[-2].minor.yy286.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy132;}
         break;
-      case 264: /* when_clause ::= */
-      case 283: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==283);
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy528 = 0; }
+      case 268: /* when_clause ::= */
+      case 287: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==287);
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy454 = 0; }
         break;
-      case 265: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
-      case 284: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==284);
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy528 = yymsp[0].minor.yy528; }
+      case 269: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+      case 288: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==288);
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy454 = yymsp[0].minor.yy454; }
         break;
-      case 266: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+      case 270: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
 {
-  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy33!=0 );
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy33->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy33;
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy33->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy33;
+  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy427!=0 );
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy427->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy427;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy427->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy427;
 }
         break;
-      case 267: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+      case 271: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
 {
-  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy33!=0 );
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy33->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy33;
+  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy427!=0 );
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy427->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy427;
 }
         break;
-      case 268: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 272: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
   yymsp[-2].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
@@ -173956,367 +177291,377 @@ static YYACTIONTYPE yy_reduce(
         "statements within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 269: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+      case 273: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
 {
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "the INDEXED BY clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
         "within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 270: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+      case 274: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
 {
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "the NOT INDEXED clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
         "within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 271: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
-{yylhsminor.yy33 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy131, yymsp[-3].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy528, yymsp[-7].minor.yy394, yymsp[-8].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy522);}
-  yymsp[-8].minor.yy33 = yylhsminor.yy33;
+      case 275: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist from where_opt scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy427 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy203, yymsp[-3].minor.yy14, yymsp[-1].minor.yy454, yymsp[-7].minor.yy144, yymsp[-8].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy168);}
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy427 = yylhsminor.yy427;
         break;
-      case 272: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
+      case 276: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select upsert scanpt */
 {
-   yylhsminor.yy33 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,yymsp[-3].minor.yy254,yymsp[-2].minor.yy47,yymsp[-6].minor.yy394,yymsp[-1].minor.yy444,yymsp[-7].minor.yy522,yymsp[0].minor.yy522);/*yylhsminor.yy33-overwrites-yymsp[-6].minor.yy394*/
+   yylhsminor.yy427 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,yymsp[-3].minor.yy132,yymsp[-2].minor.yy555,yymsp[-6].minor.yy144,yymsp[-1].minor.yy122,yymsp[-7].minor.yy168,yymsp[0].minor.yy168);/*yylhsminor.yy427-overwrites-yymsp[-6].minor.yy144*/
 }
-  yymsp[-7].minor.yy33 = yylhsminor.yy33;
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy427 = yylhsminor.yy427;
         break;
-      case 273: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
-{yylhsminor.yy33 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy528, yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy522);}
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy33 = yylhsminor.yy33;
+      case 277: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy427 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy454, yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy168);}
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy427 = yylhsminor.yy427;
         break;
-      case 274: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
-{yylhsminor.yy33 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy47, yymsp[-2].minor.yy522, yymsp[0].minor.yy522); /*yylhsminor.yy33-overwrites-yymsp[-1].minor.yy47*/}
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy33 = yylhsminor.yy33;
+      case 278: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy427 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy555, yymsp[-2].minor.yy168, yymsp[0].minor.yy168); /*yylhsminor.yy427-overwrites-yymsp[-1].minor.yy555*/}
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy427 = yylhsminor.yy427;
         break;
-      case 275: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+      case 279: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy528 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy528 ){
-    yymsp[-3].minor.yy528->affExpr = OE_Ignore;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy454 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy454 ){
+    yymsp[-3].minor.yy454->affExpr = OE_Ignore;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 276: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+      case 280: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy528 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
-  if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy528 ) {
-    yymsp[-5].minor.yy528->affExpr = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy394;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy454 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
+  if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy454 ) {
+    yymsp[-5].minor.yy454->affExpr = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy144;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 277: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = OE_Rollback;}
+      case 281: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = OE_Rollback;}
         break;
-      case 279: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy394 = OE_Fail;}
+      case 283: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy144 = OE_Fail;}
         break;
-      case 280: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+      case 284: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy131,yymsp[-1].minor.yy394);
+  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy203,yymsp[-1].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
-      case 281: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+      case 285: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy528, yymsp[-1].minor.yy528, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
+  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy454, yymsp[-1].minor.yy454, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
 }
         break;
-      case 282: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+      case 286: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
 {
-  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
+  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
 }
         break;
-      case 285: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
+      case 289: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
-      case 286: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+      case 290: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 287: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+      case 291: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
-      case 288: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+      case 292: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 289: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+      case 293: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy131,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy203,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 290: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+      case 294: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
 {
   yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
   sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 291: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname DROP kwcolumn_opt nm */
+      case 295: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname DROP kwcolumn_opt nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterDropColumn(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy131, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AlterDropColumn(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy203, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 292: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+      case 296: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
 {
   disableLookaside(pParse);
-  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy131);
+  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy203);
 }
         break;
-      case 293: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
+      case 297: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm TO nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy131, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy203, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 294: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
+      case 298: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,0);}
         break;
-      case 295: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+      case 299: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 296: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+      case 300: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
 {
-    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy394);
+    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy144);
 }
         break;
-      case 297: /* vtabarg ::= */
+      case 301: /* vtabarg ::= */
 {sqlite3VtabArgInit(pParse);}
         break;
-      case 298: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
-      case 299: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==299);
-      case 300: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==300);
+      case 302: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+      case 303: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==303);
+      case 304: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==304);
 {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 301: /* with ::= WITH wqlist */
-      case 302: /* with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==302);
-{ sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy521, 1); }
+      case 305: /* with ::= WITH wqlist */
+      case 306: /* with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==306);
+{ sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy59, 1); }
         break;
-      case 303: /* wqas ::= AS */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy516 = M10d_Any;}
+      case 307: /* wqas ::= AS */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy462 = M10d_Any;}
         break;
-      case 304: /* wqas ::= AS MATERIALIZED */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy516 = M10d_Yes;}
+      case 308: /* wqas ::= AS MATERIALIZED */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy462 = M10d_Yes;}
         break;
-      case 305: /* wqas ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy516 = M10d_No;}
+      case 309: /* wqas ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy462 = M10d_No;}
         break;
-      case 306: /* wqitem ::= nm eidlist_opt wqas LP select RP */
+      case 310: /* wqitem ::= withnm eidlist_opt wqas LP select RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy385 = sqlite3CteNew(pParse, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy47, yymsp[-3].minor.yy516); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy67 = sqlite3CteNew(pParse, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy14, yymsp[-1].minor.yy555, yymsp[-3].minor.yy462); /*A-overwrites-X*/
 }
         break;
-      case 307: /* wqlist ::= wqitem */
+      case 311: /* withnm ::= nm */
+{pParse->bHasWith = 1;}
+        break;
+      case 312: /* wqlist ::= wqitem */
 {
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy521 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy385); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy59 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy67); /*A-overwrites-X*/
 }
         break;
-      case 308: /* wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA wqitem */
+      case 313: /* wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA wqitem */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy521 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy521, yymsp[0].minor.yy385);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy59 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy59, yymsp[0].minor.yy67);
 }
         break;
-      case 309: /* windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
+      case 314: /* windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn_list COMMA windowdefn */
 {
-  assert( yymsp[0].minor.yy41!=0 );
-  sqlite3WindowChain(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy41, yymsp[-2].minor.yy41);
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy41->pNextWin = yymsp[-2].minor.yy41;
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = yymsp[0].minor.yy41;
+  assert( yymsp[0].minor.yy211!=0 );
+  sqlite3WindowChain(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy211, yymsp[-2].minor.yy211);
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy211->pNextWin = yymsp[-2].minor.yy211;
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = yymsp[0].minor.yy211;
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 310: /* windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
+      case 315: /* windowdefn ::= nm AS LP window RP */
 {
-  if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy41) ){
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy41->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[-4].minor.yy0.n);
+  if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy211) ){
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy211->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[-4].minor.yy0.n);
   }
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy41;
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy211;
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 311: /* window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+      case 316: /* window ::= PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy41 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy41, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322, 0);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy211 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy211, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 312: /* window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
+      case 317: /* window ::= nm PARTITION BY nexprlist orderby_opt frame_opt */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy41, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy211, yymsp[-2].minor.yy14, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 313: /* window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+      case 318: /* window ::= ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy41 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy41, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322, 0);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy211 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy211, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 314: /* window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
+      case 319: /* window ::= nm ORDER BY sortlist frame_opt */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy41, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy211, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy14, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 315: /* window ::= nm frame_opt */
+      case 320: /* window ::= nm frame_opt */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy41, 0, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = sqlite3WindowAssemble(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy211, 0, 0, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 316: /* frame_opt ::= */
+      case 321: /* frame_opt ::= */
 {
-  yymsp[1].minor.yy41 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, 0, TK_UNBOUNDED, 0, TK_CURRENT, 0, 0);
+  yymsp[1].minor.yy211 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, 0, TK_UNBOUNDED, 0, TK_CURRENT, 0, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 317: /* frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
+      case 322: /* frame_opt ::= range_or_rows frame_bound_s frame_exclude_opt */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy394, yymsp[-1].minor.yy595.eType, yymsp[-1].minor.yy595.pExpr, TK_CURRENT, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy516);
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy144, yymsp[-1].minor.yy509.eType, yymsp[-1].minor.yy509.pExpr, TK_CURRENT, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy462);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 318: /* frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
+      case 323: /* frame_opt ::= range_or_rows BETWEEN frame_bound_s AND frame_bound_e frame_exclude_opt */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy394, yymsp[-3].minor.yy595.eType, yymsp[-3].minor.yy595.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy595.eType, yymsp[-1].minor.yy595.pExpr, yymsp[0].minor.yy516);
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = sqlite3WindowAlloc(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy144, yymsp[-3].minor.yy509.eType, yymsp[-3].minor.yy509.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy509.eType, yymsp[-1].minor.yy509.pExpr, yymsp[0].minor.yy462);
 }
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 320: /* frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
-      case 322: /* frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */ yytestcase(yyruleno==322);
-{yylhsminor.yy595 = yymsp[0].minor.yy595;}
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy595 = yylhsminor.yy595;
+      case 325: /* frame_bound_s ::= frame_bound */
+      case 327: /* frame_bound_e ::= frame_bound */ yytestcase(yyruleno==327);
+{yylhsminor.yy509 = yymsp[0].minor.yy509;}
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy509 = yylhsminor.yy509;
         break;
-      case 321: /* frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
-      case 323: /* frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==323);
-      case 325: /* frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==325);
-{yylhsminor.yy595.eType = yymsp[-1].major; yylhsminor.yy595.pExpr = 0;}
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy595 = yylhsminor.yy595;
+      case 326: /* frame_bound_s ::= UNBOUNDED PRECEDING */
+      case 328: /* frame_bound_e ::= UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==328);
+      case 330: /* frame_bound ::= CURRENT ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==330);
+{yylhsminor.yy509.eType = yymsp[-1].major; yylhsminor.yy509.pExpr = 0;}
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy509 = yylhsminor.yy509;
         break;
-      case 324: /* frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
-{yylhsminor.yy595.eType = yymsp[0].major; yylhsminor.yy595.pExpr = yymsp[-1].minor.yy528;}
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy595 = yylhsminor.yy595;
+      case 329: /* frame_bound ::= expr PRECEDING|FOLLOWING */
+{yylhsminor.yy509.eType = yymsp[0].major; yylhsminor.yy509.pExpr = yymsp[-1].minor.yy454;}
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy509 = yylhsminor.yy509;
         break;
-      case 326: /* frame_exclude_opt ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy516 = 0;}
+      case 331: /* frame_exclude_opt ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy462 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 327: /* frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy516 = yymsp[0].minor.yy516;}
+      case 332: /* frame_exclude_opt ::= EXCLUDE frame_exclude */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy462 = yymsp[0].minor.yy462;}
         break;
-      case 328: /* frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
-      case 329: /* frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==329);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy516 = yymsp[-1].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 333: /* frame_exclude ::= NO OTHERS */
+      case 334: /* frame_exclude ::= CURRENT ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==334);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy462 = yymsp[-1].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 330: /* frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy516 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 335: /* frame_exclude ::= GROUP|TIES */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy462 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 331: /* window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy41 = yymsp[0].minor.yy41; }
+      case 336: /* window_clause ::= WINDOW windowdefn_list */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy211 = yymsp[0].minor.yy211; }
         break;
-      case 332: /* filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
+      case 337: /* filter_over ::= filter_clause over_clause */
 {
-  if( yymsp[0].minor.yy41 ){
-    yymsp[0].minor.yy41->pFilter = yymsp[-1].minor.yy528;
+  if( yymsp[0].minor.yy211 ){
+    yymsp[0].minor.yy211->pFilter = yymsp[-1].minor.yy454;
   }else{
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy528);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy454);
   }
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = yymsp[0].minor.yy41;
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = yymsp[0].minor.yy211;
 }
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 333: /* filter_over ::= over_clause */
+      case 338: /* filter_over ::= over_clause */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = yymsp[0].minor.yy41;
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = yymsp[0].minor.yy211;
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 334: /* filter_over ::= filter_clause */
+      case 339: /* filter_over ::= filter_clause */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy41 = (Window*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(Window));
-  if( yylhsminor.yy41 ){
-    yylhsminor.yy41->eFrmType = TK_FILTER;
-    yylhsminor.yy41->pFilter = yymsp[0].minor.yy528;
+  yylhsminor.yy211 = (Window*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(Window));
+  if( yylhsminor.yy211 ){
+    yylhsminor.yy211->eFrmType = TK_FILTER;
+    yylhsminor.yy211->pFilter = yymsp[0].minor.yy454;
   }else{
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy528);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy454);
   }
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy41 = yylhsminor.yy41;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy211 = yylhsminor.yy211;
         break;
-      case 335: /* over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
+      case 340: /* over_clause ::= OVER LP window RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy41 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy41;
-  assert( yymsp[-3].minor.yy41!=0 );
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy211 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy211;
+  assert( yymsp[-3].minor.yy211!=0 );
 }
         break;
-      case 336: /* over_clause ::= OVER nm */
+      case 341: /* over_clause ::= OVER nm */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy41 = (Window*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(Window));
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy41 ){
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy41->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n);
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy211 = (Window*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(Window));
+  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy211 ){
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy211->zName = sqlite3DbStrNDup(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 337: /* filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
-{ yymsp[-4].minor.yy528 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy528; }
+      case 342: /* filter_clause ::= FILTER LP WHERE expr RP */
+{ yymsp[-4].minor.yy454 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy454; }
+        break;
+      case 343: /* term ::= QNUMBER */
+{
+  yylhsminor.yy454=tokenExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3DequoteNumber(pParse, yylhsminor.yy454);
+}
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy454 = yylhsminor.yy454;
         break;
       default:
-      /* (338) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==338);
-      /* (339) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==339);
-      /* (340) cmdlist ::= ecmd (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=340);
-      /* (341) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==341);
-      /* (342) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==342);
-      /* (343) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI (NEVER REDUCES) */ assert(yyruleno!=343);
-      /* (344) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==344);
-      /* (345) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==345);
-      /* (346) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==346);
-      /* (347) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==347);
-      /* (348) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==348);
-      /* (349) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==349);
-      /* (350) table_option_set ::= table_option (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=350);
-      /* (351) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==351);
-      /* (352) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==352);
-      /* (353) nm ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==353);
-      /* (354) nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==354);
-      /* (355) typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==355);
-      /* (356) typename ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==356);
-      /* (357) signed ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=357);
-      /* (358) signed ::= minus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=358);
-      /* (359) carglist ::= carglist ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==359);
-      /* (360) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==360);
-      /* (361) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==361);
-      /* (362) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */ yytestcase(yyruleno==362);
-      /* (363) ccons ::= AS generated */ yytestcase(yyruleno==363);
-      /* (364) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==364);
-      /* (365) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==365);
-      /* (366) conslist ::= tcons (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=366);
-      /* (367) tconscomma ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==367);
-      /* (368) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=368);
-      /* (369) resolvetype ::= raisetype (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=369);
-      /* (370) selectnowith ::= oneselect (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=370);
-      /* (371) oneselect ::= values */ yytestcase(yyruleno==371);
-      /* (372) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */ yytestcase(yyruleno==372);
-      /* (373) as ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==373);
-      /* (374) indexed_opt ::= indexed_by (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=374);
-      /* (375) returning ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==375);
-      /* (376) expr ::= term (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=376);
-      /* (377) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==377);
-      /* (378) case_operand ::= expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==378);
-      /* (379) exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==379);
-      /* (380) nmnum ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=380);
-      /* (381) nmnum ::= nm (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=381);
-      /* (382) nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==382);
-      /* (383) nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==383);
-      /* (384) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==384);
-      /* (385) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==385);
-      /* (386) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==386);
-      /* (387) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==387);
-      /* (388) trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==388);
-      /* (389) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==389);
-      /* (390) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==390);
-      /* (391) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==391);
-      /* (392) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==392);
-      /* (393) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==393);
-      /* (394) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==394);
-      /* (395) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==395);
-      /* (396) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==396);
-      /* (397) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==397);
-      /* (398) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==398);
-      /* (399) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==399);
-      /* (400) with ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==400);
-      /* (401) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=401);
-      /* (402) window ::= frame_opt (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=402);
+      /* (344) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==344);
+      /* (345) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==345);
+      /* (346) cmdlist ::= ecmd (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=346);
+      /* (347) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==347);
+      /* (348) ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==348);
+      /* (349) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI (NEVER REDUCES) */ assert(yyruleno!=349);
+      /* (350) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==350);
+      /* (351) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==351);
+      /* (352) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==352);
+      /* (353) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==353);
+      /* (354) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==354);
+      /* (355) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==355);
+      /* (356) table_option_set ::= table_option (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=356);
+      /* (357) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==357);
+      /* (358) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==358);
+      /* (359) nm ::= ID|INDEXED|JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==359);
+      /* (360) nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==360);
+      /* (361) typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==361);
+      /* (362) typename ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==362);
+      /* (363) signed ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=363);
+      /* (364) signed ::= minus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=364);
+      /* (365) carglist ::= carglist ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==365);
+      /* (366) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==366);
+      /* (367) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==367);
+      /* (368) ccons ::= GENERATED ALWAYS AS generated */ yytestcase(yyruleno==368);
+      /* (369) ccons ::= AS generated */ yytestcase(yyruleno==369);
+      /* (370) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==370);
+      /* (371) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==371);
+      /* (372) conslist ::= tcons (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=372);
+      /* (373) tconscomma ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==373);
+      /* (374) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=374);
+      /* (375) resolvetype ::= raisetype (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=375);
+      /* (376) selectnowith ::= oneselect (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=376);
+      /* (377) oneselect ::= values */ yytestcase(yyruleno==377);
+      /* (378) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */ yytestcase(yyruleno==378);
+      /* (379) as ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==379);
+      /* (380) indexed_opt ::= indexed_by (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=380);
+      /* (381) returning ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==381);
+      /* (382) expr ::= term (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=382);
+      /* (383) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==383);
+      /* (384) case_operand ::= expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==384);
+      /* (385) exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==385);
+      /* (386) nmnum ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=386);
+      /* (387) nmnum ::= nm (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=387);
+      /* (388) nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==388);
+      /* (389) nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==389);
+      /* (390) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==390);
+      /* (391) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==391);
+      /* (392) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==392);
+      /* (393) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==393);
+      /* (394) trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==394);
+      /* (395) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==395);
+      /* (396) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==396);
+      /* (397) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==397);
+      /* (398) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==398);
+      /* (399) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==399);
+      /* (400) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==400);
+      /* (401) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==401);
+      /* (402) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==402);
+      /* (403) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==403);
+      /* (404) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==404);
+      /* (405) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==405);
+      /* (406) with ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==406);
+      /* (407) windowdefn_list ::= windowdefn (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=407);
+      /* (408) window ::= frame_opt (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=408);
         break;
 /********** End reduce actions ************************************************/
   };
@@ -174503,19 +177848,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Parser(
                   (int)(yypParser->yytos - yypParser->yystack));
         }
 #endif
-#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0
         if( yypParser->yytos>=yypParser->yystackEnd ){
-          yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
-          break;
-        }
-#else
-        if( yypParser->yytos>=&yypParser->yystack[yypParser->yystksz-1] ){
           if( yyGrowStack(yypParser) ){
             yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
             break;
           }
         }
-#endif
       }
       yyact = yy_reduce(yypParser,yyruleno,yymajor,yyminor sqlite3ParserCTX_PARAM);
     }else if( yyact <= YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
@@ -175586,27 +178924,58 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *z, int *tokenType){
       *tokenType = TK_INTEGER;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_HEX_INTEGER
       if( z[0]=='0' && (z[1]=='x' || z[1]=='X') && sqlite3Isxdigit(z[2]) ){
-        for(i=3; sqlite3Isxdigit(z[i]); i++){}
-        return i;
-      }
+        for(i=3; 1; i++){
+          if( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[i])==0 ){
+            if( z[i]==SQLITE_DIGIT_SEPARATOR ){
+              *tokenType = TK_QNUMBER;
+            }else{
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }else
 #endif
-      for(i=0; sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]); i++){}
+        {
+        for(i=0; 1; i++){
+          if( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i])==0 ){
+            if( z[i]==SQLITE_DIGIT_SEPARATOR ){
+              *tokenType = TK_QNUMBER;
+            }else{
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-      if( z[i]=='.' ){
-        i++;
-        while( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]) ){ i++; }
-        *tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
-      }
-      if( (z[i]=='e' || z[i]=='E') &&
-           ( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+1])
-            || ((z[i+1]=='+' || z[i+1]=='-') && sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+2]))
-           )
-      ){
-        i += 2;
-        while( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i]) ){ i++; }
-        *tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
-      }
+        if( z[i]=='.' ){
+          if( *tokenType==TK_INTEGER ) *tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
+          for(i++; 1; i++){
+            if( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i])==0 ){
+              if( z[i]==SQLITE_DIGIT_SEPARATOR ){
+                *tokenType = TK_QNUMBER;
+              }else{
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if( (z[i]=='e' || z[i]=='E') &&
+             ( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+1])
+              || ((z[i+1]=='+' || z[i+1]=='-') && sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+2]))
+             )
+        ){
+          if( *tokenType==TK_INTEGER ) *tokenType = TK_FLOAT;
+          for(i+=2; 1; i++){
+            if( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i])==0 ){
+              if( z[i]==SQLITE_DIGIT_SEPARATOR ){
+                *tokenType = TK_QNUMBER;
+              }else{
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
 #endif
+      }
       while( IdChar(z[i]) ){
         *tokenType = TK_ILLEGAL;
         i++;
@@ -175771,10 +179140,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql){
     if( tokenType>=TK_WINDOW ){
       assert( tokenType==TK_SPACE || tokenType==TK_OVER || tokenType==TK_FILTER
            || tokenType==TK_ILLEGAL || tokenType==TK_WINDOW
+           || tokenType==TK_QNUMBER
       );
 #else
     if( tokenType>=TK_SPACE ){
-      assert( tokenType==TK_SPACE || tokenType==TK_ILLEGAL );
+      assert( tokenType==TK_SPACE || tokenType==TK_ILLEGAL
+           || tokenType==TK_QNUMBER
+      );
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
       if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ){
         pParse->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
@@ -175807,7 +179179,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunParser(Parse *pParse, const char *zSql){
         assert( n==6 );
         tokenType = analyzeFilterKeyword((const u8*)&zSql[6], lastTokenParsed);
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC */
-      }else{
+      }else if( tokenType!=TK_QNUMBER ){
         Token x;
         x.z = zSql;
         x.n = n;
@@ -176440,7 +179812,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts5Init(sqlite3*);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3*);
 #endif
-
+#ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT
+int SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT(sqlite3*);
+#endif
 /*
 ** An array of pointers to extension initializer functions for
 ** built-in extensions.
@@ -176474,6 +179848,9 @@ static int (*const sqlite3BuiltinExtensions[])(sqlite3*) = {
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
   sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit,
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT
+  SQLITE_EXTRA_AUTOEXT,
+#endif
 };
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
@@ -176548,6 +179925,32 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;
 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_data_directory = 0;
 
 /*
+** Determine whether or not high-precision (long double) floating point
+** math works correctly on CPU currently running.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int hasHighPrecisionDouble(int rc){
+  if( sizeof(LONGDOUBLE_TYPE)<=8 ){
+    /* If the size of "long double" is not more than 8, then
+    ** high-precision math is not possible. */
+    return 0;
+  }else{
+    /* Just because sizeof(long double)>8 does not mean that the underlying
+    ** hardware actually supports high-precision floating point.  For example,
+    ** clearing the 0x100 bit in the floating-point control word on Intel
+    ** processors will make long double work like double, even though long
+    ** double takes up more space.  The only way to determine if long double
+    ** actually works is to run an experiment. */
+    LONGDOUBLE_TYPE a, b, c;
+    rc++;
+    a = 1.0+rc*0.1;
+    b = 1.0e+18+rc*25.0;
+    c = a+b;
+    return b!=c;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Initialize SQLite.
 **
 ** This routine must be called to initialize the memory allocation,
@@ -176742,6 +180145,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void){
   }
 #endif
 
+  /* Experimentally determine if high-precision floating point is
+  ** available. */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
+  sqlite3Config.bUseLongDouble = hasHighPrecisionDouble(rc);
+#endif
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -177121,6 +180530,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
     }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE */
 
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW: {
+      int *pVal = va_arg(ap,int*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+      if( 0==*pVal ) sqlite3GlobalConfig.mNoVisibleRowid = TF_NoVisibleRowid;
+      if( 1==*pVal ) sqlite3GlobalConfig.mNoVisibleRowid = 0;
+      *pVal = (sqlite3GlobalConfig.mNoVisibleRowid==0);
+#else
+      *pVal = 0;
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+
     default: {
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       break;
@@ -177312,6 +180733,10 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3 *db){
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3 *db, int op, ...){
   va_list ap;
   int rc;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+#endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   va_start(ap, op);
   switch( op ){
@@ -177641,6 +181066,14 @@ static int sqlite3Close(sqlite3 *db, int forceZombie){
   }
 #endif
 
+  while( db->pDbData ){
+    DbClientData *p = db->pDbData;
+    db->pDbData = p->pNext;
+    assert( p->pData!=0 );
+    if( p->xDestructor ) p->xDestructor(p->pData);
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+
   /* Convert the connection into a zombie and then close it.
   */
   db->eOpenState = SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE;
@@ -178258,7 +181691,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CreateFunc(
   assert( SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT==SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC );
   assert( SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT==SQLITE_DIRECTONLY );
   extraFlags = enc &  (SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|
-                       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS);
+                       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE);
   enc &= (SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK|SQLITE_ANY);
 
   /* The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag is the same bit as SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE.  But
@@ -178715,6 +182148,12 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
   void *pArg                /* First callback argument */
 ){
   void *pRet;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( db==0 ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+#endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   pRet = db->pPreUpdateArg;
   db->xPreUpdateCallback = xCallback;
@@ -178861,7 +182300,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
   if( eMode<SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE || eMode>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE ){
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-03996-12088 The M parameter must be a valid checkpoint
     ** mode: */
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE;
+    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
   }
 
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
@@ -180098,6 +183537,69 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 
+/*
+** Find existing client data.
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_clientdata(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName){
+  DbClientData *p;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
+  for(p=db->pDbData; p; p=p->pNext){
+    if( strcmp(p->zName, zName)==0 ){
+      void *pResult = p->pData;
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+      return pResult;
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add new client data to a database connection.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_clientdata(
+  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Attach client data to this connection */
+  const char *zName,             /* Name of the client data */
+  void *pData,                   /* The client data itself */
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)     /* Destructor */
+){
+  DbClientData *p, **pp;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
+  pp = &db->pDbData;
+  for(p=db->pDbData; p && strcmp(p->zName,zName); p=p->pNext){
+    pp = &p->pNext;
+  }
+  if( p ){
+    assert( p->pData!=0 );
+    if( p->xDestructor ) p->xDestructor(p->pData);
+    if( pData==0 ){
+      *pp = p->pNext;
+      sqlite3_free(p);
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+  }else if( pData==0 ){
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
+    size_t n = strlen(zName);
+    p = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(DbClientData)+n+1 );
+    if( p==0 ){
+      if( xDestructor ) xDestructor(pData);
+      sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    memcpy(p->zName, zName, n+1);
+    p->pNext = db->pDbData;
+    db->pDbData = p;
+  }
+  p->pData = pData;
+  p->xDestructor = xDestructor;
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
 /*
 ** This function is now an anachronism. It used to be used to recover from a
@@ -180447,6 +183949,28 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
     }
 #endif
 
+    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION, sqlite3 *db, int b);
+    **
+    ** If b is true, then activate the SQLITE_FkNoAction setting.  If b is
+    ** false then clearn that setting.  If the SQLITE_FkNoAction setting is
+    ** abled, all foreign key ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions behave as if
+    ** they were NO ACTION, regardless of how they are defined.
+    **
+    ** NB:  One must usually run "PRAGMA writable_schema=RESET" after
+    ** using this test-control, before it will take full effect.  failing
+    ** to reset the schema can result in some unexpected behavior.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION: {
+      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
+      int b = va_arg(ap, int);
+      if( b ){
+        db->flags |= SQLITE_FkNoAction;
+      }else{
+        db->flags &= ~SQLITE_FkNoAction;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
     /*
     **  sqlite3_test_control(BITVEC_TEST, size, program)
     **
@@ -180871,11 +184395,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
     **   X<0     Make no changes to the bUseLongDouble.  Just report value.
     **   X==0    Disable bUseLongDouble
     **   X==1    Enable bUseLongDouble
-    **   X==2    Set bUseLongDouble to its default value for this platform
+    **   X>=2    Set bUseLongDouble to its default value for this platform
     */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_USELONGDOUBLE: {
       int b = va_arg(ap, int);
-      if( b==2 ) b = sizeof(LONGDOUBLE_TYPE)>8;
+      if( b>=2 ) b = hasHighPrecisionDouble(b);
       if( b>=0 ) sqlite3Config.bUseLongDouble = b>0;
       rc = sqlite3Config.bUseLongDouble!=0;
       break;
@@ -180912,6 +184436,28 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
       break;
     }
 #endif
+
+    /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK, &onOff);
+    **
+    ** Activate or deactivate validation of JSONB that is generated from
+    ** text.  Off by default, as the validation is slow.  Validation is
+    ** only available if compiled using SQLITE_DEBUG.
+    **
+    ** If onOff is initially 1, then turn it on.  If onOff is initially
+    ** off, turn it off.  If onOff is initially -1, then change onOff
+    ** to be the current setting.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK: {
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WSD)
+      int *pOnOff = va_arg(ap, int*);
+      if( *pOnOff<0 ){
+        *pOnOff = sqlite3Config.bJsonSelfcheck;
+      }else{
+        sqlite3Config.bJsonSelfcheck = (u8)((*pOnOff)&0xff);
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
   }
   va_end(ap);
 #endif /* SQLITE_UNTESTABLE */
@@ -181289,7 +184835,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
   int nOpt;
   const char **azCompileOpt;
 
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( zOptName==0 ){
     (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
     return 0;
@@ -181484,6 +185030,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+#endif
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   enterMutex();
 
@@ -182505,6 +186054,7 @@ struct Fts3Table {
   int nPgsz;                      /* Page size for host database */
   char *zSegmentsTbl;             /* Name of %_segments table */
   sqlite3_blob *pSegments;        /* Blob handle open on %_segments table */
+  int iSavepoint;
 
   /*
   ** The following array of hash tables is used to buffer pending index
@@ -182892,6 +186442,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeIsdiacritic(int);
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3ExprIterate(Fts3Expr*, int (*x)(Fts3Expr*,int,void*), void*);
 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk);
+
 #endif /* !SQLITE_CORE || SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 */
 #endif /* _FTSINT_H */
 
@@ -183248,6 +186800,7 @@ static void fts3DeclareVtab(int *pRc, Fts3Table *p){
 
     zLanguageid = (p->zLanguageid ? p->zLanguageid : "__langid");
     sqlite3_vtab_config(p->db, SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT, 1);
+    sqlite3_vtab_config(p->db, SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS);
 
     /* Create a list of user columns for the virtual table */
     zCols = sqlite3_mprintf("%Q, ", p->azColumn[0]);
@@ -186497,6 +190050,8 @@ static int fts3RenameMethod(
     rc = sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(p);
   }
 
+  p->bIgnoreSavepoint = 1;
+
   if( p->zContentTbl==0 ){
     fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
       "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_content'  RENAME TO '%q_content';",
@@ -186524,6 +190079,8 @@ static int fts3RenameMethod(
     "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_segdir'   RENAME TO '%q_segdir';",
     p->zDb, p->zName, zName
   );
+
+  p->bIgnoreSavepoint = 0;
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -186534,12 +190091,28 @@ static int fts3RenameMethod(
 */
 static int fts3SavepointMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(iSavepoint);
-  assert( ((Fts3Table *)pVtab)->inTransaction );
-  assert( ((Fts3Table *)pVtab)->mxSavepoint <= iSavepoint );
-  TESTONLY( ((Fts3Table *)pVtab)->mxSavepoint = iSavepoint );
-  if( ((Fts3Table *)pVtab)->bIgnoreSavepoint==0 ){
-    rc = fts3SyncMethod(pVtab);
+  Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table*)pVtab;
+  assert( pTab->inTransaction );
+  assert( pTab->mxSavepoint<=iSavepoint );
+  TESTONLY( pTab->mxSavepoint = iSavepoint );
+
+  if( pTab->bIgnoreSavepoint==0 ){
+    if( fts3HashCount(&pTab->aIndex[0].hPending)>0 ){
+      char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO %Q.%Q(%Q) VALUES('flush')",
+          pTab->zDb, pTab->zName, pTab->zName
+          );
+      if( zSql ){
+        pTab->bIgnoreSavepoint = 1;
+        rc = sqlite3_exec(pTab->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
+        pTab->bIgnoreSavepoint = 0;
+        sqlite3_free(zSql);
+      }else{
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
+    }
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pTab->iSavepoint = iSavepoint+1;
+    }
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -186550,12 +190123,11 @@ static int fts3SavepointMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
 ** This is a no-op.
 */
 static int fts3ReleaseMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
-  TESTONLY( Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table*)pVtab );
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(iSavepoint);
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVtab);
-  assert( p->inTransaction );
-  assert( p->mxSavepoint >= iSavepoint );
-  TESTONLY( p->mxSavepoint = iSavepoint-1 );
+  Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table*)pVtab;
+  assert( pTab->inTransaction );
+  assert( pTab->mxSavepoint >= iSavepoint );
+  TESTONLY( pTab->mxSavepoint = iSavepoint-1 );
+  pTab->iSavepoint = iSavepoint;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -186565,11 +190137,13 @@ static int fts3ReleaseMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
 ** Discard the contents of the pending terms table.
 */
 static int fts3RollbackToMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
-  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table*)pVtab;
+  Fts3Table *pTab = (Fts3Table*)pVtab;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(iSavepoint);
-  assert( p->inTransaction );
-  TESTONLY( p->mxSavepoint = iSavepoint );
-  sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
+  assert( pTab->inTransaction );
+  TESTONLY( pTab->mxSavepoint = iSavepoint );
+  if( (iSavepoint+1)<=pTab->iSavepoint ){
+    sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(pTab);
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -186588,8 +190162,42 @@ static int fts3ShadowName(const char *zName){
   return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** Implementation of the xIntegrity() method on the FTS3/FTS4 virtual
+** table.
+*/
+static int fts3IntegrityMethod(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,      /* The virtual table to be checked */
+  const char *zSchema,      /* Name of schema in which pVtab lives */
+  const char *zTabname,     /* Name of the pVTab table */
+  int isQuick,              /* True if this is a quick_check */
+  char **pzErr              /* Write error message here */
+){
+  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int bOk = 0;
+
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(isQuick);
+  rc = sqlite3Fts3IntegrityCheck(p, &bOk);
+  assert( rc!=SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB );
+  if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR || (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_CORRUPT ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("unable to validate the inverted index for"
+                             " FTS%d table %s.%s: %s",
+                p->bFts4 ? 4 : 3, zSchema, zTabname, sqlite3_errstr(rc));
+    if( *pzErr ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bOk==0 ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("malformed inverted index for FTS%d table %s.%s",
+                p->bFts4 ? 4 : 3, zSchema, zTabname);
+    if( *pzErr==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  sqlite3Fts3SegmentsClose(p);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+
 static const sqlite3_module fts3Module = {
-  /* iVersion      */ 3,
+  /* iVersion      */ 4,
   /* xCreate       */ fts3CreateMethod,
   /* xConnect      */ fts3ConnectMethod,
   /* xBestIndex    */ fts3BestIndexMethod,
@@ -186613,6 +190221,7 @@ static const sqlite3_module fts3Module = {
   /* xRelease      */ fts3ReleaseMethod,
   /* xRollbackTo   */ fts3RollbackToMethod,
   /* xShadowName   */ fts3ShadowName,
+  /* xIntegrity    */ fts3IntegrityMethod,
 };
 
 /*
@@ -189288,7 +192897,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitAux(sqlite3 *db){
      0,                           /* xSavepoint    */
      0,                           /* xRelease      */
      0,                           /* xRollbackTo   */
-     0                            /* xShadowName   */
+     0,                           /* xShadowName   */
+     0                            /* xIntegrity    */
   };
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
 
@@ -192854,7 +196464,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3InitTok(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash *pHash, void(*xDestr
      0,                           /* xSavepoint    */
      0,                           /* xRelease      */
      0,                           /* xRollbackTo   */
-     0                            /* xShadowName   */
+     0,                           /* xShadowName   */
+     0                            /* xIntegrity    */
   };
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
 
@@ -196195,7 +199806,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(Fts3Table *p){
     rc = fts3SegmentMerge(p, p->iPrevLangid, i, FTS3_SEGCURSOR_PENDING);
     if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
 
   /* Determine the auto-incr-merge setting if unknown.  If enabled,
   ** estimate the number of leaf blocks of content to be written
@@ -196217,6 +199827,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(Fts3Table *p){
       rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
     }
   }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsClear(p);
+  }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -196848,6 +200462,8 @@ static int fts3AppendToNode(
 
   blobGrowBuffer(pPrev, nTerm, &rc);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  assert( pPrev!=0 );
+  assert( pPrev->a!=0 );
 
   nPrefix = fts3PrefixCompress(pPrev->a, pPrev->n, zTerm, nTerm);
   nSuffix = nTerm - nPrefix;
@@ -196904,9 +200520,13 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeAppend(
   nSpace += sqlite3Fts3VarintLen(nDoclist) + nDoclist;
 
   /* If the current block is not empty, and if adding this term/doclist
-  ** to the current block would make it larger than Fts3Table.nNodeSize
-  ** bytes, write this block out to the database. */
-  if( pLeaf->block.n>0 && (pLeaf->block.n + nSpace)>p->nNodeSize ){
+  ** to the current block would make it larger than Fts3Table.nNodeSize bytes,
+  ** and if there is still room for another leaf page, write this block out to
+  ** the database. */
+  if( pLeaf->block.n>0
+   && (pLeaf->block.n + nSpace)>p->nNodeSize
+   && pLeaf->iBlock < (pWriter->iStart + pWriter->nLeafEst)
+  ){
     rc = fts3WriteSegment(p, pLeaf->iBlock, pLeaf->block.a, pLeaf->block.n);
     pWriter->nWork++;
 
@@ -197238,7 +200858,7 @@ static int fts3IncrmergeLoad(
               rc = sqlite3Fts3ReadBlock(p, reader.iChild, &aBlock, &nBlock,0);
               blobGrowBuffer(&pNode->block,
                   MAX(nBlock, p->nNodeSize)+FTS3_NODE_PADDING, &rc
-                  );
+              );
               if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
                 memcpy(pNode->block.a, aBlock, nBlock);
                 pNode->block.n = nBlock;
@@ -198155,7 +201775,7 @@ static u64 fts3ChecksumIndex(
 ** If an error occurs (e.g. an OOM or IO error), return an SQLite error
 ** code. The final value of *pbOk is undefined in this case.
 */
-static int fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
   u64 cksum1 = 0;                 /* Checksum based on FTS index contents */
   u64 cksum2 = 0;                 /* Checksum based on %_content contents */
@@ -198233,7 +201853,12 @@ static int fts3IntegrityCheck(Fts3Table *p, int *pbOk){
     sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
   }
 
-  *pbOk = (cksum1==cksum2);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB ){
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    *pbOk = 0;
+  }else{
+    *pbOk = (rc==SQLITE_OK && cksum1==cksum2);
+  }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -198273,7 +201898,7 @@ static int fts3DoIntegrityCheck(
 ){
   int rc;
   int bOk = 0;
-  rc = fts3IntegrityCheck(p, &bOk);
+  rc = sqlite3Fts3IntegrityCheck(p, &bOk);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bOk==0 ) rc = FTS_CORRUPT_VTAB;
   return rc;
 }
@@ -198303,8 +201928,11 @@ static int fts3SpecialInsert(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_value *pVal){
     rc = fts3DoIncrmerge(p, &zVal[6]);
   }else if( nVal>10 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "automerge=", 10) ){
     rc = fts3DoAutoincrmerge(p, &zVal[10]);
+  }else if( nVal==5 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "flush", 5) ){
+    rc = sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(p);
+  }
 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
-  }else{
+  else{
     int v;
     if( nVal>9 && 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(zVal, "nodesize=", 9) ){
       v = atoi(&zVal[9]);
@@ -198322,8 +201950,8 @@ static int fts3SpecialInsert(Fts3Table *p, sqlite3_value *pVal){
       if( v>=4 && v<=FTS3_MERGE_COUNT && (v&1)==0 ) p->nMergeCount = v;
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
-#endif
   }
+#endif
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -199136,7 +202764,7 @@ static void fts3SnippetDetails(
         }
         mCover |= mPhrase;
 
-        for(j=0; j<pPhrase->nToken; j++){
+        for(j=0; j<pPhrase->nToken && j<pIter->nSnippet; j++){
           mHighlight |= (mPos>>j);
         }
 
@@ -201244,24 +204872,145 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FtsUnicodeFold(int c, int eRemoveDiacritic){
 **
 ******************************************************************************
 **
-** This SQLite JSON functions.
+** SQLite JSON functions.
 **
 ** This file began as an extension in ext/misc/json1.c in 2015.  That
 ** extension proved so useful that it has now been moved into the core.
 **
-** For the time being, all JSON is stored as pure text.  (We might add
-** a JSONB type in the future which stores a binary encoding of JSON in
-** a BLOB, but there is no support for JSONB in the current implementation.
-** This implementation parses JSON text at 250 MB/s, so it is hard to see
-** how JSONB might improve on that.)
+** The original design stored all JSON as pure text, canonical RFC-8259.
+** Support for JSON-5 extensions was added with version 3.42.0 (2023-05-16).
+** All generated JSON text still conforms strictly to RFC-8259, but text
+** with JSON-5 extensions is accepted as input.
+**
+** Beginning with version 3.45.0 (circa 2024-01-01), these routines also
+** accept BLOB values that have JSON encoded using a binary representation
+** called "JSONB".  The name JSONB comes from PostgreSQL, however the on-disk
+** format SQLite JSONB is completely different and incompatible with
+** PostgreSQL JSONB.
+**
+** Decoding and interpreting JSONB is still O(N) where N is the size of
+** the input, the same as text JSON.  However, the constant of proportionality
+** for JSONB is much smaller due to faster parsing.  The size of each
+** element in JSONB is encoded in its header, so there is no need to search
+** for delimiters using persnickety syntax rules.  JSONB seems to be about
+** 3x faster than text JSON as a result.  JSONB is also tends to be slightly
+** smaller than text JSON, by 5% or 10%, but there are corner cases where
+** JSONB can be slightly larger.  So you are not far mistaken to say that
+** a JSONB blob is the same size as the equivalent RFC-8259 text.
+**
+**
+** THE JSONB ENCODING:
+**
+** Every JSON element is encoded in JSONB as a header and a payload.
+** The header is between 1 and 9 bytes in size.  The payload is zero
+** or more bytes.
+**
+** The lower 4 bits of the first byte of the header determines the
+** element type:
+**
+**    0:   NULL
+**    1:   TRUE
+**    2:   FALSE
+**    3:   INT        -- RFC-8259 integer literal
+**    4:   INT5       -- JSON5 integer literal
+**    5:   FLOAT      -- RFC-8259 floating point literal
+**    6:   FLOAT5     -- JSON5 floating point literal
+**    7:   TEXT       -- Text literal acceptable to both SQL and JSON
+**    8:   TEXTJ      -- Text containing RFC-8259 escapes
+**    9:   TEXT5      -- Text containing JSON5 and/or RFC-8259 escapes
+**   10:   TEXTRAW    -- Text containing unescaped syntax characters
+**   11:   ARRAY
+**   12:   OBJECT
+**
+** The other three possible values (13-15) are reserved for future
+** enhancements.
+**
+** The upper 4 bits of the first byte determine the size of the header
+** and sometimes also the size of the payload.  If X is the first byte
+** of the element and if X>>4 is between 0 and 11, then the payload
+** will be that many bytes in size and the header is exactly one byte
+** in size.  Other four values for X>>4 (12-15) indicate that the header
+** is more than one byte in size and that the payload size is determined
+** by the remainder of the header, interpreted as a unsigned big-endian
+** integer.
+**
+**   Value of X>>4         Size integer        Total header size
+**   -------------     --------------------    -----------------
+**        12           1 byte (0-255)                2
+**        13           2 byte (0-65535)              3
+**        14           4 byte (0-4294967295)         5
+**        15           8 byte (0-1.8e19)             9
+**
+** The payload size need not be expressed in its minimal form.  For example,
+** if the payload size is 10, the size can be expressed in any of 5 different
+** ways: (1) (X>>4)==10, (2) (X>>4)==12 following by on 0x0a byte,
+** (3) (X>>4)==13 followed by 0x00 and 0x0a, (4) (X>>4)==14 followed by
+** 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0a, or (5) (X>>4)==15 followed by 7 bytes of 0x00 and
+** a single byte of 0x0a.  The shorter forms are preferred, of course, but
+** sometimes when generating JSONB, the payload size is not known in advance
+** and it is convenient to reserve sufficient header space to cover the
+** largest possible payload size and then come back later and patch up
+** the size when it becomes known, resulting in a non-minimal encoding.
+**
+** The value (X>>4)==15 is not actually used in the current implementation
+** (as SQLite is currently unable handle BLOBs larger than about 2GB)
+** but is included in the design to allow for future enhancements.
+**
+** The payload follows the header.  NULL, TRUE, and FALSE have no payload and
+** their payload size must always be zero.  The payload for INT, INT5,
+** FLOAT, FLOAT5, TEXT, TEXTJ, TEXT5, and TEXTROW is text.  Note that the
+** "..." or '...' delimiters are omitted from the various text encodings.
+** The payload for ARRAY and OBJECT is a list of additional elements that
+** are the content for the array or object.  The payload for an OBJECT
+** must be an even number of elements.  The first element of each pair is
+** the label and must be of type TEXT, TEXTJ, TEXT5, or TEXTRAW.
+**
+** A valid JSONB blob consists of a single element, as described above.
+** Usually this will be an ARRAY or OBJECT element which has many more
+** elements as its content.  But the overall blob is just a single element.
+**
+** Input validation for JSONB blobs simply checks that the element type
+** code is between 0 and 12 and that the total size of the element
+** (header plus payload) is the same as the size of the BLOB.  If those
+** checks are true, the BLOB is assumed to be JSONB and processing continues.
+** Errors are only raised if some other miscoding is discovered during
+** processing.
+**
+** Additional information can be found in the doc/jsonb.md file of the
+** canonical SQLite source tree.
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_JSON
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
+/* JSONB element types
+*/
+#define JSONB_NULL     0   /* "null" */
+#define JSONB_TRUE     1   /* "true" */
+#define JSONB_FALSE    2   /* "false" */
+#define JSONB_INT      3   /* integer acceptable to JSON and SQL */
+#define JSONB_INT5     4   /* integer in 0x000 notation */
+#define JSONB_FLOAT    5   /* float acceptable to JSON and SQL */
+#define JSONB_FLOAT5   6   /* float with JSON5 extensions */
+#define JSONB_TEXT     7   /* Text compatible with both JSON and SQL */
+#define JSONB_TEXTJ    8   /* Text with JSON escapes */
+#define JSONB_TEXT5    9   /* Text with JSON-5 escape */
+#define JSONB_TEXTRAW 10   /* SQL text that needs escaping for JSON */
+#define JSONB_ARRAY   11   /* An array */
+#define JSONB_OBJECT  12   /* An object */
+
+/* Human-readable names for the JSONB values.  The index for each
+** string must correspond to the JSONB_* integer above.
+*/
+static const char * const jsonbType[] = {
+  "null", "true", "false", "integer", "integer",
+  "real", "real", "text",  "text",    "text",
+  "text", "array", "object", "", "", "", ""
+};
+
 /*
 ** Growing our own isspace() routine this way is twice as fast as
 ** the library isspace() function, resulting in a 7% overall performance
-** increase for the parser.  (Ubuntu14.10 gcc 4.8.4 x64 with -Os).
+** increase for the text-JSON parser.  (Ubuntu14.10 gcc 4.8.4 x64 with -Os).
 */
 static const char jsonIsSpace[] = {
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
@@ -201282,11 +205031,19 @@ static const char jsonIsSpace[] = {
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
-#define fast_isspace(x) (jsonIsSpace[(unsigned char)x])
+#define jsonIsspace(x) (jsonIsSpace[(unsigned char)x])
 
 /*
-** Characters that are special to JSON.  Control charaters,
-** '"' and '\\'.
+** The set of all space characters recognized by jsonIsspace().
+** Useful as the second argument to strspn().
+*/
+static const char jsonSpaces[] = "\011\012\015\040";
+
+/*
+** Characters that are special to JSON.  Control characters,
+** '"' and '\\' and '\''.  Actually, '\'' is not special to
+** canonical JSON, but it is special in JSON-5, so we include
+** it in the set of special characters.
 */
 static const char jsonIsOk[256] = {
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -201308,22 +205065,49 @@ static const char jsonIsOk[256] = {
   1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
 };
 
-
-#if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
-#  define VVA(X)
-#else
-#  define VVA(X) X
-#endif
-
 /* Objects */
+typedef struct JsonCache JsonCache;
 typedef struct JsonString JsonString;
-typedef struct JsonNode JsonNode;
 typedef struct JsonParse JsonParse;
-typedef struct JsonCleanup JsonCleanup;
+
+/*
+** Magic number used for the JSON parse cache in sqlite3_get_auxdata()
+*/
+#define JSON_CACHE_ID    (-429938)  /* Cache entry */
+#define JSON_CACHE_SIZE  4          /* Max number of cache entries */
+
+/*
+** jsonUnescapeOneChar() returns this invalid code point if it encounters
+** a syntax error.
+*/
+#define JSON_INVALID_CHAR 0x99999
+
+/* A cache mapping JSON text into JSONB blobs.
+**
+** Each cache entry is a JsonParse object with the following restrictions:
+**
+**    *   The bReadOnly flag must be set
+**
+**    *   The aBlob[] array must be owned by the JsonParse object.  In other
+**        words, nBlobAlloc must be non-zero.
+**
+**    *   eEdit and delta must be zero.
+**
+**    *   zJson must be an RCStr.  In other words bJsonIsRCStr must be true.
+*/
+struct JsonCache {
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database connection */
+  int nUsed;                      /* Number of active entries in the cache */
+  JsonParse *a[JSON_CACHE_SIZE];  /* One line for each cache entry */
+};
 
 /* An instance of this object represents a JSON string
 ** under construction.  Really, this is a generic string accumulator
 ** that can be and is used to create strings other than JSON.
+**
+** If the generated string is longer than will fit into the zSpace[] buffer,
+** then it will be an RCStr string.  This aids with caching of large
+** JSON strings.
 */
 struct JsonString {
   sqlite3_context *pCtx;   /* Function context - put error messages here */
@@ -201331,121 +205115,75 @@ struct JsonString {
   u64 nAlloc;              /* Bytes of storage available in zBuf[] */
   u64 nUsed;               /* Bytes of zBuf[] currently used */
   u8 bStatic;              /* True if zBuf is static space */
-  u8 bErr;                 /* True if an error has been encountered */
+  u8 eErr;                 /* True if an error has been encountered */
   char zSpace[100];        /* Initial static space */
 };
 
-/* A deferred cleanup task.  A list of JsonCleanup objects might be
-** run when the JsonParse object is destroyed.
-*/
-struct JsonCleanup {
-  JsonCleanup *pJCNext;    /* Next in a list */
-  void (*xOp)(void*);      /* Routine to run */
-  void *pArg;              /* Argument to xOp() */
-};
+/* Allowed values for JsonString.eErr */
+#define JSTRING_OOM         0x01   /* Out of memory */
+#define JSTRING_MALFORMED   0x02   /* Malformed JSONB */
+#define JSTRING_ERR         0x04   /* Error already sent to sqlite3_result */
 
-/* JSON type values
+/* The "subtype" set for text JSON values passed through using
+** sqlite3_result_subtype() and sqlite3_value_subtype().
 */
-#define JSON_SUBST    0    /* Special edit node.  Uses u.iPrev */
-#define JSON_NULL     1
-#define JSON_TRUE     2
-#define JSON_FALSE    3
-#define JSON_INT      4
-#define JSON_REAL     5
-#define JSON_STRING   6
-#define JSON_ARRAY    7
-#define JSON_OBJECT   8
-
-/* The "subtype" set for JSON values */
 #define JSON_SUBTYPE  74    /* Ascii for "J" */
 
 /*
-** Names of the various JSON types:
-*/
-static const char * const jsonType[] = {
-  "subst",
-  "null", "true", "false", "integer", "real", "text", "array", "object"
-};
-
-/* Bit values for the JsonNode.jnFlag field
+** Bit values for the flags passed into various SQL function implementations
+** via the sqlite3_user_data() value.
 */
-#define JNODE_RAW     0x01  /* Content is raw, not JSON encoded */
-#define JNODE_ESCAPE  0x02  /* Content is text with \ escapes */
-#define JNODE_REMOVE  0x04  /* Do not output */
-#define JNODE_REPLACE 0x08  /* Target of a JSON_SUBST node */
-#define JNODE_APPEND  0x10  /* More ARRAY/OBJECT entries at u.iAppend */
-#define JNODE_LABEL   0x20  /* Is a label of an object */
-#define JNODE_JSON5   0x40  /* Node contains JSON5 enhancements */
-
-
-/* A single node of parsed JSON.  An array of these nodes describes
-** a parse of JSON + edits.
-**
-** Use the json_parse() SQL function (available when compiled with
-** -DSQLITE_DEBUG) to see a dump of complete JsonParse objects, including
-** a complete listing and decoding of the array of JsonNodes.
-*/
-struct JsonNode {
-  u8 eType;              /* One of the JSON_ type values */
-  u8 jnFlags;            /* JNODE flags */
-  u8 eU;                 /* Which union element to use */
-  u32 n;                 /* Bytes of content for INT, REAL or STRING
-                         ** Number of sub-nodes for ARRAY and OBJECT
-                         ** Node that SUBST applies to */
-  union {
-    const char *zJContent; /* 1: Content for INT, REAL, and STRING */
-    u32 iAppend;           /* 2: More terms for ARRAY and OBJECT */
-    u32 iKey;              /* 3: Key for ARRAY objects in json_tree() */
-    u32 iPrev;             /* 4: Previous SUBST node, or 0 */
-  } u;
-};
+#define JSON_JSON      0x01        /* Result is always JSON */
+#define JSON_SQL       0x02        /* Result is always SQL */
+#define JSON_ABPATH    0x03        /* Allow abbreviated JSON path specs */
+#define JSON_ISSET     0x04        /* json_set(), not json_insert() */
+#define JSON_BLOB      0x08        /* Use the BLOB output format */
 
 
-/* A parsed and possibly edited JSON string.  Lifecycle:
-**
-**   1.  JSON comes in and is parsed into an array aNode[].  The original
-**       JSON text is stored in zJson.
+/* A parsed JSON value.  Lifecycle:
 **
-**   2.  Zero or more changes are made (via json_remove() or json_replace()
-**       or similar) to the aNode[] array.
+**   1.  JSON comes in and is parsed into a JSONB value in aBlob.  The
+**       original text is stored in zJson.  This step is skipped if the
+**       input is JSONB instead of text JSON.
 **
-**   3.  A new, edited and mimified JSON string is generated from aNode
-**       and stored in zAlt.  The JsonParse object always owns zAlt.
+**   2.  The aBlob[] array is searched using the JSON path notation, if needed.
 **
-** Step 1 always happens.  Step 2 and 3 may or may not happen, depending
-** on the operation.
+**   3.  Zero or more changes are made to aBlob[] (via json_remove() or
+**       json_replace() or json_patch() or similar).
 **
-** aNode[].u.zJContent entries typically point into zJson.  Hence zJson
-** must remain valid for the lifespan of the parse.  For edits,
-** aNode[].u.zJContent might point to malloced space other than zJson.
-** Entries in pClup are responsible for freeing that extra malloced space.
-**
-** When walking the parse tree in aNode[], edits are ignored if useMod is
-** false.
+**   4.  New JSON text is generated from the aBlob[] for output.  This step
+**       is skipped if the function is one of the jsonb_* functions that
+**       returns JSONB instead of text JSON.
 */
 struct JsonParse {
-  u32 nNode;         /* Number of slots of aNode[] used */
-  u32 nAlloc;        /* Number of slots of aNode[] allocated */
-  JsonNode *aNode;   /* Array of nodes containing the parse */
-  char *zJson;       /* Original JSON string (before edits) */
-  char *zAlt;        /* Revised and/or mimified JSON */
-  u32 *aUp;          /* Index of parent of each node */
-  JsonCleanup *pClup;/* Cleanup operations prior to freeing this object */
+  u8 *aBlob;         /* JSONB representation of JSON value */
+  u32 nBlob;         /* Bytes of aBlob[] actually used */
+  u32 nBlobAlloc;    /* Bytes allocated to aBlob[].  0 if aBlob is external */
+  char *zJson;       /* Json text used for parsing */
+  sqlite3 *db;       /* The database connection to which this object belongs */
+  int nJson;         /* Length of the zJson string in bytes */
+  u32 nJPRef;        /* Number of references to this object */
+  u32 iErr;          /* Error location in zJson[] */
   u16 iDepth;        /* Nesting depth */
   u8 nErr;           /* Number of errors seen */
   u8 oom;            /* Set to true if out of memory */
   u8 bJsonIsRCStr;   /* True if zJson is an RCStr */
   u8 hasNonstd;      /* True if input uses non-standard features like JSON5 */
-  u8 useMod;         /* Actually use the edits contain inside aNode */
-  u8 hasMod;         /* aNode contains edits from the original zJson */
-  u32 nJPRef;        /* Number of references to this object */
-  int nJson;         /* Length of the zJson string in bytes */
-  int nAlt;          /* Length of alternative JSON string zAlt, in bytes */
-  u32 iErr;          /* Error location in zJson[] */
-  u32 iSubst;        /* Last JSON_SUBST entry in aNode[] */
-  u32 iHold;         /* Age of this entry in the cache for LRU replacement */
+  u8 bReadOnly;      /* Do not modify. */
+  /* Search and edit information.  See jsonLookupStep() */
+  u8 eEdit;          /* Edit operation to apply */
+  int delta;         /* Size change due to the edit */
+  u32 nIns;          /* Number of bytes to insert */
+  u32 iLabel;        /* Location of label if search landed on an object value */
+  u8 *aIns;          /* Content to be inserted */
 };
 
+/* Allowed values for JsonParse.eEdit */
+#define JEDIT_DEL   1   /* Delete if exists */
+#define JEDIT_REPL  2   /* Overwrite if exists */
+#define JEDIT_INS   3   /* Insert if not exists */
+#define JEDIT_SET   4   /* Insert or overwrite */
+
 /*
 ** Maximum nesting depth of JSON for this implementation.
 **
@@ -201453,15 +205191,151 @@ struct JsonParse {
 ** descent parser.  A depth of 1000 is far deeper than any sane JSON
 ** should go.  Historical note: This limit was 2000 prior to version 3.42.0
 */
-#define JSON_MAX_DEPTH  1000
+#ifndef SQLITE_JSON_MAX_DEPTH
+# define JSON_MAX_DEPTH  1000
+#else
+# define JSON_MAX_DEPTH SQLITE_JSON_MAX_DEPTH
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Allowed values for the flgs argument to jsonParseFuncArg();
+*/
+#define JSON_EDITABLE  0x01   /* Generate a writable JsonParse object */
+#define JSON_KEEPERROR 0x02   /* Return non-NULL even if there is an error */
+
+/**************************************************************************
+** Forward references
+**************************************************************************/
+static void jsonReturnStringAsBlob(JsonString*);
+static int jsonFuncArgMightBeBinary(sqlite3_value *pJson);
+static u32 jsonTranslateBlobToText(const JsonParse*,u32,JsonString*);
+static void jsonReturnParse(sqlite3_context*,JsonParse*);
+static JsonParse *jsonParseFuncArg(sqlite3_context*,sqlite3_value*,u32);
+static void jsonParseFree(JsonParse*);
+static u32 jsonbPayloadSize(const JsonParse*, u32, u32*);
+static u32 jsonUnescapeOneChar(const char*, u32, u32*);
+
+/**************************************************************************
+** Utility routines for dealing with JsonCache objects
+**************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+** Free a JsonCache object.
+*/
+static void jsonCacheDelete(JsonCache *p){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<p->nUsed; i++){
+    jsonParseFree(p->a[i]);
+  }
+  sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p);
+}
+static void jsonCacheDeleteGeneric(void *p){
+  jsonCacheDelete((JsonCache*)p);
+}
+
+/*
+** Insert a new entry into the cache.  If the cache is full, expel
+** the least recently used entry.  Return SQLITE_OK on success or a
+** result code otherwise.
+**
+** Cache entries are stored in age order, oldest first.
+*/
+static int jsonCacheInsert(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,   /* The SQL statement context holding the cache */
+  JsonParse *pParse       /* The parse object to be added to the cache */
+){
+  JsonCache *p;
+
+  assert( pParse->zJson!=0 );
+  assert( pParse->bJsonIsRCStr );
+  assert( pParse->delta==0 );
+  p = sqlite3_get_auxdata(ctx, JSON_CACHE_ID);
+  if( p==0 ){
+    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx);
+    p = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*p));
+    if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    p->db = db;
+    sqlite3_set_auxdata(ctx, JSON_CACHE_ID, p, jsonCacheDeleteGeneric);
+    p = sqlite3_get_auxdata(ctx, JSON_CACHE_ID);
+    if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  if( p->nUsed >= JSON_CACHE_SIZE ){
+    jsonParseFree(p->a[0]);
+    memmove(p->a, &p->a[1], (JSON_CACHE_SIZE-1)*sizeof(p->a[0]));
+    p->nUsed = JSON_CACHE_SIZE-1;
+  }
+  assert( pParse->nBlobAlloc>0 );
+  pParse->eEdit = 0;
+  pParse->nJPRef++;
+  pParse->bReadOnly = 1;
+  p->a[p->nUsed] = pParse;
+  p->nUsed++;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Search for a cached translation the json text supplied by pArg.  Return
+** the JsonParse object if found.  Return NULL if not found.
+**
+** When a match if found, the matching entry is moved to become the
+** most-recently used entry if it isn't so already.
+**
+** The JsonParse object returned still belongs to the Cache and might
+** be deleted at any moment.  If the caller whants the JsonParse to
+** linger, it needs to increment the nPJRef reference counter.
+*/
+static JsonParse *jsonCacheSearch(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,    /* The SQL statement context holding the cache */
+  sqlite3_value *pArg      /* Function argument containing SQL text */
+){
+  JsonCache *p;
+  int i;
+  const char *zJson;
+  int nJson;
+
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(pArg)!=SQLITE_TEXT ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+  zJson = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pArg);
+  if( zJson==0 ) return 0;
+  nJson = sqlite3_value_bytes(pArg);
+
+  p = sqlite3_get_auxdata(ctx, JSON_CACHE_ID);
+  if( p==0 ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+  for(i=0; i<p->nUsed; i++){
+    if( p->a[i]->zJson==zJson ) break;
+  }
+  if( i>=p->nUsed ){
+    for(i=0; i<p->nUsed; i++){
+      if( p->a[i]->nJson!=nJson ) continue;
+      if( memcmp(p->a[i]->zJson, zJson, nJson)==0 ) break;
+    }
+  }
+  if( i<p->nUsed ){
+    if( i<p->nUsed-1 ){
+      /* Make the matching entry the most recently used entry */
+      JsonParse *tmp = p->a[i];
+      memmove(&p->a[i], &p->a[i+1], (p->nUsed-i-1)*sizeof(tmp));
+      p->a[p->nUsed-1] = tmp;
+      i = p->nUsed - 1;
+    }
+    assert( p->a[i]->delta==0 );
+    return p->a[i];
+  }else{
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
 
 /**************************************************************************
 ** Utility routines for dealing with JsonString objects
 **************************************************************************/
 
-/* Set the JsonString object to an empty string
+/* Turn uninitialized bulk memory into a valid JsonString object
+** holding a zero-length string.
 */
-static void jsonZero(JsonString *p){
+static void jsonStringZero(JsonString *p){
   p->zBuf = p->zSpace;
   p->nAlloc = sizeof(p->zSpace);
   p->nUsed = 0;
@@ -201470,39 +205344,39 @@ static void jsonZero(JsonString *p){
 
 /* Initialize the JsonString object
 */
-static void jsonInit(JsonString *p, sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+static void jsonStringInit(JsonString *p, sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   p->pCtx = pCtx;
-  p->bErr = 0;
-  jsonZero(p);
+  p->eErr = 0;
+  jsonStringZero(p);
 }
 
 /* Free all allocated memory and reset the JsonString object back to its
 ** initial state.
 */
-static void jsonReset(JsonString *p){
+static void jsonStringReset(JsonString *p){
   if( !p->bStatic ) sqlite3RCStrUnref(p->zBuf);
-  jsonZero(p);
+  jsonStringZero(p);
 }
 
 /* Report an out-of-memory (OOM) condition
 */
-static void jsonOom(JsonString *p){
-  p->bErr = 1;
-  sqlite3_result_error_nomem(p->pCtx);
-  jsonReset(p);
+static void jsonStringOom(JsonString *p){
+  p->eErr |= JSTRING_OOM;
+  if( p->pCtx ) sqlite3_result_error_nomem(p->pCtx);
+  jsonStringReset(p);
 }
 
 /* Enlarge pJson->zBuf so that it can hold at least N more bytes.
 ** Return zero on success.  Return non-zero on an OOM error
 */
-static int jsonGrow(JsonString *p, u32 N){
+static int jsonStringGrow(JsonString *p, u32 N){
   u64 nTotal = N<p->nAlloc ? p->nAlloc*2 : p->nAlloc+N+10;
   char *zNew;
   if( p->bStatic ){
-    if( p->bErr ) return 1;
+    if( p->eErr ) return 1;
     zNew = sqlite3RCStrNew(nTotal);
     if( zNew==0 ){
-      jsonOom(p);
+      jsonStringOom(p);
       return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
     memcpy(zNew, p->zBuf, (size_t)p->nUsed);
@@ -201511,8 +205385,8 @@ static int jsonGrow(JsonString *p, u32 N){
   }else{
     p->zBuf = sqlite3RCStrResize(p->zBuf, nTotal);
     if( p->zBuf==0 ){
-      p->bErr = 1;
-      jsonZero(p);
+      p->eErr |= JSTRING_OOM;
+      jsonStringZero(p);
       return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
   }
@@ -201522,20 +205396,20 @@ static int jsonGrow(JsonString *p, u32 N){
 
 /* Append N bytes from zIn onto the end of the JsonString string.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE void jsonAppendExpand(
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE void jsonStringExpandAndAppend(
   JsonString *p,
   const char *zIn,
   u32 N
 ){
   assert( N>0 );
-  if( jsonGrow(p,N) ) return;
+  if( jsonStringGrow(p,N) ) return;
   memcpy(p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zIn, N);
   p->nUsed += N;
 }
 static void jsonAppendRaw(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
   if( N==0 ) return;
   if( N+p->nUsed >= p->nAlloc ){
-    jsonAppendExpand(p,zIn,N);
+    jsonStringExpandAndAppend(p,zIn,N);
   }else{
     memcpy(p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zIn, N);
     p->nUsed += N;
@@ -201544,19 +205418,18 @@ static void jsonAppendRaw(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
 static void jsonAppendRawNZ(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
   assert( N>0 );
   if( N+p->nUsed >= p->nAlloc ){
-    jsonAppendExpand(p,zIn,N);
+    jsonStringExpandAndAppend(p,zIn,N);
   }else{
     memcpy(p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zIn, N);
     p->nUsed += N;
   }
 }
 
-
 /* Append formatted text (not to exceed N bytes) to the JsonString.
 */
 static void jsonPrintf(int N, JsonString *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
   va_list ap;
-  if( (p->nUsed + N >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p, N) ) return;
+  if( (p->nUsed + N >= p->nAlloc) && jsonStringGrow(p, N) ) return;
   va_start(ap, zFormat);
   sqlite3_vsnprintf(N, p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
@@ -201566,7 +205439,7 @@ static void jsonPrintf(int N, JsonString *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
 /* Append a single character
 */
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE void jsonAppendCharExpand(JsonString *p, char c){
-  if( jsonGrow(p,1) ) return;
+  if( jsonStringGrow(p,1) ) return;
   p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
 }
 static void jsonAppendChar(JsonString *p, char c){
@@ -201577,24 +205450,27 @@ static void jsonAppendChar(JsonString *p, char c){
   }
 }
 
-/* Try to force the string to be a zero-terminated RCStr string.
+/* Remove a single character from the end of the string
+*/
+static void jsonStringTrimOneChar(JsonString *p){
+  if( p->eErr==0 ){
+    assert( p->nUsed>0 );
+    p->nUsed--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* Make sure there is a zero terminator on p->zBuf[]
 **
 ** Return true on success.  Return false if an OOM prevents this
 ** from happening.
 */
-static int jsonForceRCStr(JsonString *p){
+static int jsonStringTerminate(JsonString *p){
   jsonAppendChar(p, 0);
-  if( p->bErr ) return 0;
-  p->nUsed--;
-  if( p->bStatic==0 ) return 1;
-  p->nAlloc = 0;
-  p->nUsed++;
-  jsonGrow(p, p->nUsed);
-  p->nUsed--;
-  return p->bStatic==0;
+  jsonStringTrimOneChar(p);
+  return p->eErr==0;
 }
 
-
 /* Append a comma separator to the output buffer, if the previous
 ** character is not '[' or '{'.
 */
@@ -201606,184 +205482,120 @@ static void jsonAppendSeparator(JsonString *p){
   jsonAppendChar(p, ',');
 }
 
-/* Append the N-byte string in zIn to the end of the JsonString string
-** under construction.  Enclose the string in "..." and escape
-** any double-quotes or backslash characters contained within the
-** string.
+/* c is a control character.  Append the canonical JSON representation
+** of that control character to p.
+**
+** This routine assumes that the output buffer has already been enlarged
+** sufficiently to hold the worst-case encoding plus a nul terminator.
 */
-static void jsonAppendString(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
-  u32 i;
-  if( zIn==0 || ((N+p->nUsed+2 >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+2)!=0) ) return;
-  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
-  for(i=0; i<N; i++){
-    unsigned char c = ((unsigned const char*)zIn)[i];
-    if( jsonIsOk[c] ){
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
-    }else if( c=='"' || c=='\\' ){
-      json_simple_escape:
-      if( (p->nUsed+N+3-i > p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+3-i)!=0 ) return;
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '\\';
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
-    }else if( c=='\'' ){
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
-    }else{
-      static const char aSpecial[] = {
-         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 'b', 't', 'n', 0, 'f', 'r', 0, 0,
-         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0,   0,   0, 0,   0,   0, 0, 0
-      };
-      assert( sizeof(aSpecial)==32 );
-      assert( aSpecial['\b']=='b' );
-      assert( aSpecial['\f']=='f' );
-      assert( aSpecial['\n']=='n' );
-      assert( aSpecial['\r']=='r' );
-      assert( aSpecial['\t']=='t' );
-      assert( c>=0 && c<sizeof(aSpecial) );
-      if( aSpecial[c] ){
-        c = aSpecial[c];
-        goto json_simple_escape;
-      }
-      if( (p->nUsed+N+7+i > p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+7-i)!=0 ) return;
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '\\';
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = 'u';
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '0';
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '0';
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = "0123456789abcdef"[c>>4];
-      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = "0123456789abcdef"[c&0xf];
-    }
+static void jsonAppendControlChar(JsonString *p, u8 c){
+  static const char aSpecial[] = {
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 'b', 't', 'n', 0, 'f', 'r', 0, 0,
+     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0,   0,   0, 0,   0,   0, 0, 0
+  };
+  assert( sizeof(aSpecial)==32 );
+  assert( aSpecial['\b']=='b' );
+  assert( aSpecial['\f']=='f' );
+  assert( aSpecial['\n']=='n' );
+  assert( aSpecial['\r']=='r' );
+  assert( aSpecial['\t']=='t' );
+  assert( c>=0 && c<sizeof(aSpecial) );
+  assert( p->nUsed+7 <= p->nAlloc );
+  if( aSpecial[c] ){
+    p->zBuf[p->nUsed] = '\\';
+    p->zBuf[p->nUsed+1] = aSpecial[c];
+    p->nUsed += 2;
+  }else{
+    p->zBuf[p->nUsed] = '\\';
+    p->zBuf[p->nUsed+1] = 'u';
+    p->zBuf[p->nUsed+2] = '0';
+    p->zBuf[p->nUsed+3] = '0';
+    p->zBuf[p->nUsed+4] = "0123456789abcdef"[c>>4];
+    p->zBuf[p->nUsed+5] = "0123456789abcdef"[c&0xf];
+    p->nUsed += 6;
   }
-  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
-  assert( p->nUsed<p->nAlloc );
 }
 
-/*
-** The zIn[0..N] string is a JSON5 string literal.  Append to p a translation
-** of the string literal that standard JSON and that omits all JSON5
-** features.
+/* Append the N-byte string in zIn to the end of the JsonString string
+** under construction.  Enclose the string in double-quotes ("...") and
+** escape any double-quotes or backslash characters contained within the
+** string.
+**
+** This routine is a high-runner.  There is a measurable performance
+** increase associated with unwinding the jsonIsOk[] loop.
 */
-static void jsonAppendNormalizedString(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
-  u32 i;
-  jsonAppendChar(p, '"');
-  zIn++;
-  N -= 2;
-  while( N>0 ){
-    for(i=0; i<N && zIn[i]!='\\'; i++){}
-    if( i>0 ){
-      jsonAppendRawNZ(p, zIn, i);
-      zIn += i;
-      N -= i;
-      if( N==0 ) break;
-    }
-    assert( zIn[0]=='\\' );
-    switch( (u8)zIn[1] ){
-      case '\'':
-        jsonAppendChar(p, '\'');
-        break;
-      case 'v':
-        jsonAppendRawNZ(p, "\\u0009", 6);
-        break;
-      case 'x':
-        jsonAppendRawNZ(p, "\\u00", 4);
-        jsonAppendRawNZ(p, &zIn[2], 2);
-        zIn += 2;
-        N -= 2;
-        break;
-      case '0':
-        jsonAppendRawNZ(p, "\\u0000", 6);
+static void jsonAppendString(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
+  u32 k;
+  u8 c;
+  const u8 *z = (const u8*)zIn;
+  if( z==0 ) return;
+  if( (N+p->nUsed+2 >= p->nAlloc) && jsonStringGrow(p,N+2)!=0 ) return;
+  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
+  while( 1 /*exit-by-break*/ ){
+    k = 0;
+    /* The following while() is the 4-way unwound equivalent of
+    **
+    **     while( k<N && jsonIsOk[z[k]] ){ k++; }
+    */
+    while( 1 /* Exit by break */ ){
+      if( k+3>=N ){
+        while( k<N && jsonIsOk[z[k]] ){ k++; }
         break;
-      case '\r':
-        if( zIn[2]=='\n' ){
-          zIn++;
-          N--;
-        }
+      }
+      if( !jsonIsOk[z[k]] ){
         break;
-      case '\n':
+      }
+      if( !jsonIsOk[z[k+1]] ){
+        k += 1;
         break;
-      case 0xe2:
-        assert( N>=4 );
-        assert( 0x80==(u8)zIn[2] );
-        assert( 0xa8==(u8)zIn[3] || 0xa9==(u8)zIn[3] );
-        zIn += 2;
-        N -= 2;
+      }
+      if( !jsonIsOk[z[k+2]] ){
+        k += 2;
         break;
-      default:
-        jsonAppendRawNZ(p, zIn, 2);
+      }
+      if( !jsonIsOk[z[k+3]] ){
+        k += 3;
         break;
+      }else{
+        k += 4;
+      }
     }
-    zIn += 2;
-    N -= 2;
-  }
-  jsonAppendChar(p, '"');
-}
-
-/*
-** The zIn[0..N] string is a JSON5 integer literal.  Append to p a translation
-** of the string literal that standard JSON and that omits all JSON5
-** features.
-*/
-static void jsonAppendNormalizedInt(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
-  if( zIn[0]=='+' ){
-    zIn++;
-    N--;
-  }else if( zIn[0]=='-' ){
-    jsonAppendChar(p, '-');
-    zIn++;
-    N--;
-  }
-  if( zIn[0]=='0' && (zIn[1]=='x' || zIn[1]=='X') ){
-    sqlite3_int64 i = 0;
-    int rc = sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(zIn, &i);
-    if( rc<=1 ){
-      jsonPrintf(100,p,"%lld",i);
+    if( k>=N ){
+      if( k>0 ){
+        memcpy(&p->zBuf[p->nUsed], z, k);
+        p->nUsed += k;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    if( k>0 ){
+      memcpy(&p->zBuf[p->nUsed], z, k);
+      p->nUsed += k;
+      z += k;
+      N -= k;
+    }
+    c = z[0];
+    if( c=='"' || c=='\\' ){
+      if( (p->nUsed+N+3 > p->nAlloc) && jsonStringGrow(p,N+3)!=0 ) return;
+      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '\\';
+      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
+    }else if( c=='\'' ){
+      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
     }else{
-      assert( rc==2 );
-      jsonAppendRawNZ(p, "9.0e999", 7);
+      if( (p->nUsed+N+7 > p->nAlloc) && jsonStringGrow(p,N+7)!=0 ) return;
+      jsonAppendControlChar(p, c);
     }
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( N>0 );
-  jsonAppendRawNZ(p, zIn, N);
-}
-
-/*
-** The zIn[0..N] string is a JSON5 real literal.  Append to p a translation
-** of the string literal that standard JSON and that omits all JSON5
-** features.
-*/
-static void jsonAppendNormalizedReal(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
-  u32 i;
-  if( zIn[0]=='+' ){
-    zIn++;
-    N--;
-  }else if( zIn[0]=='-' ){
-    jsonAppendChar(p, '-');
-    zIn++;
+    z++;
     N--;
   }
-  if( zIn[0]=='.' ){
-    jsonAppendChar(p, '0');
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<N; i++){
-    if( zIn[i]=='.' && (i+1==N || !sqlite3Isdigit(zIn[i+1])) ){
-      i++;
-      jsonAppendRaw(p, zIn, i);
-      zIn += i;
-      N -= i;
-      jsonAppendChar(p, '0');
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  if( N>0 ){
-    jsonAppendRawNZ(p, zIn, N);
-  }
+  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
+  assert( p->nUsed<p->nAlloc );
 }
 
-
-
 /*
-** Append a function parameter value to the JSON string under
-** construction.
+** Append an sqlite3_value (such as a function parameter) to the JSON
+** string under construction in p.
 */
-static void jsonAppendValue(
+static void jsonAppendSqlValue(
   JsonString *p,                 /* Append to this JSON string */
   sqlite3_value *pValue          /* Value to append */
 ){
@@ -201813,290 +205625,127 @@ static void jsonAppendValue(
       break;
     }
     default: {
-      if( p->bErr==0 ){
+      if( jsonFuncArgMightBeBinary(pValue) ){
+        JsonParse px;
+        memset(&px, 0, sizeof(px));
+        px.aBlob = (u8*)sqlite3_value_blob(pValue);
+        px.nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
+        jsonTranslateBlobToText(&px, 0, p);
+      }else if( p->eErr==0 ){
         sqlite3_result_error(p->pCtx, "JSON cannot hold BLOB values", -1);
-        p->bErr = 2;
-        jsonReset(p);
+        p->eErr = JSTRING_ERR;
+        jsonStringReset(p);
       }
       break;
     }
   }
 }
 
-
-/* Make the JSON in p the result of the SQL function.
+/* Make the text in p (which is probably a generated JSON text string)
+** the result of the SQL function.
 **
-** The JSON string is reset.
+** The JsonString is reset.
+**
+** If pParse and ctx are both non-NULL, then the SQL string in p is
+** loaded into the zJson field of the pParse object as a RCStr and the
+** pParse is added to the cache.
 */
-static void jsonResult(JsonString *p){
-  if( p->bErr==0 ){
-    if( p->bStatic ){
+static void jsonReturnString(
+  JsonString *p,            /* String to return */
+  JsonParse *pParse,        /* JSONB source or NULL */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx      /* Where to cache */
+){
+  assert( (pParse!=0)==(ctx!=0) );
+  assert( ctx==0 || ctx==p->pCtx );
+  if( p->eErr==0 ){
+    int flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(p->pCtx));
+    if( flags & JSON_BLOB ){
+      jsonReturnStringAsBlob(p);
+    }else if( p->bStatic ){
       sqlite3_result_text64(p->pCtx, p->zBuf, p->nUsed,
                             SQLITE_TRANSIENT, SQLITE_UTF8);
-    }else if( jsonForceRCStr(p) ){
-      sqlite3RCStrRef(p->zBuf);
-      sqlite3_result_text64(p->pCtx, p->zBuf, p->nUsed,
-                            (void(*)(void*))sqlite3RCStrUnref,
+    }else if( jsonStringTerminate(p) ){
+      if( pParse && pParse->bJsonIsRCStr==0 && pParse->nBlobAlloc>0 ){
+        int rc;
+        pParse->zJson = sqlite3RCStrRef(p->zBuf);
+        pParse->nJson = p->nUsed;
+        pParse->bJsonIsRCStr = 1;
+        rc = jsonCacheInsert(ctx, pParse);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
+          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+          jsonStringReset(p);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      sqlite3_result_text64(p->pCtx, sqlite3RCStrRef(p->zBuf), p->nUsed,
+                            sqlite3RCStrUnref,
                             SQLITE_UTF8);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(p->pCtx);
     }
-  }
-  if( p->bErr==1 ){
+  }else if( p->eErr & JSTRING_OOM ){
     sqlite3_result_error_nomem(p->pCtx);
+  }else if( p->eErr & JSTRING_MALFORMED ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(p->pCtx, "malformed JSON", -1);
   }
-  jsonReset(p);
+  jsonStringReset(p);
 }
 
 /**************************************************************************
-** Utility routines for dealing with JsonNode and JsonParse objects
+** Utility routines for dealing with JsonParse objects
 **************************************************************************/
 
 /*
-** Return the number of consecutive JsonNode slots need to represent
-** the parsed JSON at pNode.  The minimum answer is 1.  For ARRAY and
-** OBJECT types, the number might be larger.
-**
-** Appended elements are not counted.  The value returned is the number
-** by which the JsonNode counter should increment in order to go to the
-** next peer value.
-*/
-static u32 jsonNodeSize(JsonNode *pNode){
-  return pNode->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ? pNode->n+1 : 1;
-}
-
-/*
 ** Reclaim all memory allocated by a JsonParse object.  But do not
 ** delete the JsonParse object itself.
 */
 static void jsonParseReset(JsonParse *pParse){
-  while( pParse->pClup ){
-    JsonCleanup *pTask = pParse->pClup;
-    pParse->pClup = pTask->pJCNext;
-    pTask->xOp(pTask->pArg);
-    sqlite3_free(pTask);
-  }
   assert( pParse->nJPRef<=1 );
-  if( pParse->aNode ){
-    sqlite3_free(pParse->aNode);
-    pParse->aNode = 0;
-  }
-  pParse->nNode = 0;
-  pParse->nAlloc = 0;
-  if( pParse->aUp ){
-    sqlite3_free(pParse->aUp);
-    pParse->aUp = 0;
-  }
   if( pParse->bJsonIsRCStr ){
     sqlite3RCStrUnref(pParse->zJson);
     pParse->zJson = 0;
+    pParse->nJson = 0;
     pParse->bJsonIsRCStr = 0;
   }
-  if( pParse->zAlt ){
-    sqlite3RCStrUnref(pParse->zAlt);
-    pParse->zAlt = 0;
+  if( pParse->nBlobAlloc ){
+    sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, pParse->aBlob);
+    pParse->aBlob = 0;
+    pParse->nBlob = 0;
+    pParse->nBlobAlloc = 0;
   }
 }
 
 /*
-** Free a JsonParse object that was obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
-**
-** Note that destroying JsonParse might call sqlite3RCStrUnref() to
-** destroy the zJson value.  The RCStr object might recursively invoke
-** JsonParse to destroy this pParse object again.  Take care to ensure
-** that this recursive destructor sequence terminates harmlessly.
+** Decrement the reference count on the JsonParse object.  When the
+** count reaches zero, free the object.
 */
 static void jsonParseFree(JsonParse *pParse){
-  if( pParse->nJPRef>1 ){
-    pParse->nJPRef--;
-  }else{
-    jsonParseReset(pParse);
-    sqlite3_free(pParse);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a cleanup task to the JsonParse object.
-**
-** If an OOM occurs, the cleanup operation happens immediately
-** and this function returns SQLITE_NOMEM.
-*/
-static int jsonParseAddCleanup(
-  JsonParse *pParse,          /* Add the cleanup task to this parser */
-  void(*xOp)(void*),          /* The cleanup task */
-  void *pArg                  /* Argument to the cleanup */
-){
-  JsonCleanup *pTask = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*pTask) );
-  if( pTask==0 ){
-    pParse->oom = 1;
-    xOp(pArg);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-  pTask->pJCNext = pParse->pClup;
-  pParse->pClup = pTask;
-  pTask->xOp = xOp;
-  pTask->pArg = pArg;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
-** Convert the JsonNode pNode into a pure JSON string and
-** append to pOut.  Subsubstructure is also included.  Return
-** the number of JsonNode objects that are encoded.
-*/
-static void jsonRenderNode(
-  JsonParse *pParse,             /* the complete parse of the JSON */
-  JsonNode *pNode,               /* The node to render */
-  JsonString *pOut               /* Write JSON here */
-){
-  assert( pNode!=0 );
-  while( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE)!=0 && pParse->useMod ){
-    u32 idx = (u32)(pNode - pParse->aNode);
-    u32 i = pParse->iSubst;
-    while( 1 /*exit-by-break*/ ){
-      assert( i<pParse->nNode );
-      assert( pParse->aNode[i].eType==JSON_SUBST );
-      assert( pParse->aNode[i].eU==4 );
-      assert( pParse->aNode[i].u.iPrev<i );
-      if( pParse->aNode[i].n==idx ){
-        pNode = &pParse->aNode[i+1];
-        break;
-      }
-      i = pParse->aNode[i].u.iPrev;
-    }
-  }
-  switch( pNode->eType ){
-    default: {
-      assert( pNode->eType==JSON_NULL );
-      jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "null", 4);
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_TRUE: {
-      jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "true", 4);
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_FALSE: {
-      jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "false", 5);
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_STRING: {
-      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
-        if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ){
-          jsonAppendChar(pOut, '"');
-          jsonAppendRaw(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
-          jsonAppendChar(pOut, '"');
-        }else{
-          jsonAppendString(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
-        }
-      }else if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_JSON5 ){
-        jsonAppendNormalizedString(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
-      }else{
-        assert( pNode->n>0 );
-        jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_REAL: {
-      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_JSON5 ){
-        jsonAppendNormalizedReal(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
-      }else{
-        assert( pNode->n>0 );
-        jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_INT: {
-      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_JSON5 ){
-        jsonAppendNormalizedInt(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
-      }else{
-        assert( pNode->n>0 );
-        jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_ARRAY: {
-      u32 j = 1;
-      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '[');
-      for(;;){
-        while( j<=pNode->n ){
-          if( (pNode[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 || pParse->useMod==0 ){
-            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
-            jsonRenderNode(pParse, &pNode[j], pOut);
-          }
-          j += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j]);
-        }
-        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
-        if( pParse->useMod==0 ) break;
-        assert( pNode->eU==2 );
-        pNode = &pParse->aNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
-        j = 1;
-      }
-      jsonAppendChar(pOut, ']');
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_OBJECT: {
-      u32 j = 1;
-      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '{');
-      for(;;){
-        while( j<=pNode->n ){
-          if( (pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 || pParse->useMod==0 ){
-            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
-            jsonRenderNode(pParse, &pNode[j], pOut);
-            jsonAppendChar(pOut, ':');
-            jsonRenderNode(pParse, &pNode[j+1], pOut);
-          }
-          j += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j+1]);
-        }
-        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
-        if( pParse->useMod==0 ) break;
-        assert( pNode->eU==2 );
-        pNode = &pParse->aNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
-        j = 1;
-      }
-      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '}');
-      break;
+  if( pParse ){
+    if( pParse->nJPRef>1 ){
+      pParse->nJPRef--;
+    }else{
+      jsonParseReset(pParse);
+      sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, pParse);
     }
   }
 }
 
-/*
-** Return a JsonNode and all its descendants as a JSON string.
-*/
-static void jsonReturnJson(
-  JsonParse *pParse,          /* The complete JSON */
-  JsonNode *pNode,            /* Node to return */
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Return value for this function */
-  int bGenerateAlt            /* Also store the rendered text in zAlt */
-){
-  JsonString s;
-  if( pParse->oom ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
-    return;
-  }
-  if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
-    jsonInit(&s, pCtx);
-    jsonRenderNode(pParse, pNode, &s);
-    if( bGenerateAlt && pParse->zAlt==0 && jsonForceRCStr(&s) ){
-      pParse->zAlt = sqlite3RCStrRef(s.zBuf);
-      pParse->nAlt = s.nUsed;
-    }
-    jsonResult(&s);
-    sqlite3_result_subtype(pCtx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
-  }
-}
+/**************************************************************************
+** Utility routines for the JSON text parser
+**************************************************************************/
 
 /*
 ** Translate a single byte of Hex into an integer.
-** This routine only works if h really is a valid hexadecimal
-** character:  0..9a..fA..F
+** This routine only gives a correct answer if h really is a valid hexadecimal
+** character:  0..9a..fA..F.  But unlike sqlite3HexToInt(), it does not
+** assert() if the digit is not hex.
 */
 static u8 jsonHexToInt(int h){
-  assert( (h>='0' && h<='9') ||  (h>='a' && h<='f') ||  (h>='A' && h<='F') );
+#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
+  h += 9*(1&(h>>6));
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
   h += 9*(1&~(h>>4));
-#else
-  h += 9*(1&(h>>6));
 #endif
   return (u8)(h & 0xf);
 }
@@ -202106,10 +205755,6 @@ static u8 jsonHexToInt(int h){
 */
 static u32 jsonHexToInt4(const char *z){
   u32 v;
-  assert( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[0]) );
-  assert( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[1]) );
-  assert( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[2]) );
-  assert( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[3]) );
   v = (jsonHexToInt(z[0])<<12)
     + (jsonHexToInt(z[1])<<8)
     + (jsonHexToInt(z[2])<<4)
@@ -202118,281 +205763,6 @@ static u32 jsonHexToInt4(const char *z){
 }
 
 /*
-** Make the JsonNode the return value of the function.
-*/
-static void jsonReturn(
-  JsonParse *pParse,          /* Complete JSON parse tree */
-  JsonNode *pNode,            /* Node to return */
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx       /* Return value for this function */
-){
-  switch( pNode->eType ){
-    default: {
-      assert( pNode->eType==JSON_NULL );
-      sqlite3_result_null(pCtx);
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_TRUE: {
-      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 1);
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_FALSE: {
-      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 0);
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_INT: {
-      sqlite3_int64 i = 0;
-      int rc;
-      int bNeg = 0;
-      const char *z;
-
-      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-      z = pNode->u.zJContent;
-      if( z[0]=='-' ){ z++; bNeg = 1; }
-      else if( z[0]=='+' ){ z++; }
-      rc = sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &i);
-      if( rc<=1 ){
-        sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, bNeg ? -i : i);
-      }else if( rc==3 && bNeg ){
-        sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, SMALLEST_INT64);
-      }else{
-        goto to_double;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_REAL: {
-      double r;
-      const char *z;
-      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-    to_double:
-      z = pNode->u.zJContent;
-      sqlite3AtoF(z, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(z), SQLITE_UTF8);
-      sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, r);
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_STRING: {
-      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
-        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n,
-                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-      }else if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_ESCAPE)==0 ){
-        /* JSON formatted without any backslash-escapes */
-        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent+1, pNode->n-2,
-                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-      }else{
-        /* Translate JSON formatted string into raw text */
-        u32 i;
-        u32 n = pNode->n;
-        const char *z;
-        char *zOut;
-        u32 j;
-        u32 nOut = n;
-        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-        z = pNode->u.zJContent;
-        zOut = sqlite3_malloc( nOut+1 );
-        if( zOut==0 ){
-          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
-          break;
-        }
-        for(i=1, j=0; i<n-1; i++){
-          char c = z[i];
-          if( c=='\\' ){
-            c = z[++i];
-            if( c=='u' ){
-              u32 v = jsonHexToInt4(z+i+1);
-              i += 4;
-              if( v==0 ) break;
-              if( v<=0x7f ){
-                zOut[j++] = (char)v;
-              }else if( v<=0x7ff ){
-                zOut[j++] = (char)(0xc0 | (v>>6));
-                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
-              }else{
-                u32 vlo;
-                if( (v&0xfc00)==0xd800
-                  && i<n-6
-                  && z[i+1]=='\\'
-                  && z[i+2]=='u'
-                  && ((vlo = jsonHexToInt4(z+i+3))&0xfc00)==0xdc00
-                ){
-                  /* We have a surrogate pair */
-                  v = ((v&0x3ff)<<10) + (vlo&0x3ff) + 0x10000;
-                  i += 6;
-                  zOut[j++] = 0xf0 | (v>>18);
-                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>12)&0x3f);
-                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
-                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
-                }else{
-                  zOut[j++] = 0xe0 | (v>>12);
-                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
-                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
-                }
-              }
-              continue;
-            }else if( c=='b' ){
-              c = '\b';
-            }else if( c=='f' ){
-              c = '\f';
-            }else if( c=='n' ){
-              c = '\n';
-            }else if( c=='r' ){
-              c = '\r';
-            }else if( c=='t' ){
-              c = '\t';
-            }else if( c=='v' ){
-              c = '\v';
-            }else if( c=='\'' || c=='"' || c=='/' || c=='\\' ){
-              /* pass through unchanged */
-            }else if( c=='0' ){
-              c = 0;
-            }else if( c=='x' ){
-              c = (jsonHexToInt(z[i+1])<<4) | jsonHexToInt(z[i+2]);
-              i += 2;
-            }else if( c=='\r' && z[i+1]=='\n' ){
-              i++;
-              continue;
-            }else if( 0xe2==(u8)c ){
-              assert( 0x80==(u8)z[i+1] );
-              assert( 0xa8==(u8)z[i+2] || 0xa9==(u8)z[i+2] );
-              i += 2;
-              continue;
-            }else{
-              continue;
-            }
-          } /* end if( c=='\\' ) */
-          zOut[j++] = c;
-        } /* end for() */
-        zOut[j] = 0;
-        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, zOut, j, sqlite3_free);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case JSON_ARRAY:
-    case JSON_OBJECT: {
-      jsonReturnJson(pParse, pNode, pCtx, 0);
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/* Forward reference */
-static int jsonParseAddNode(JsonParse*,u32,u32,const char*);
-
-/*
-** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
-** inlined.
-*/
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-#  define JSON_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
-#  define JSON_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
-#else
-#  define JSON_NOINLINE
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Add a single node to pParse->aNode after first expanding the
-** size of the aNode array.  Return the index of the new node.
-**
-** If an OOM error occurs, set pParse->oom and return -1.
-*/
-static JSON_NOINLINE int jsonParseAddNodeExpand(
-  JsonParse *pParse,        /* Append the node to this object */
-  u32 eType,                /* Node type */
-  u32 n,                    /* Content size or sub-node count */
-  const char *zContent      /* Content */
-){
-  u32 nNew;
-  JsonNode *pNew;
-  assert( pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc );
-  if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
-  nNew = pParse->nAlloc*2 + 10;
-  pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pParse->aNode, sizeof(JsonNode)*nNew);
-  if( pNew==0 ){
-    pParse->oom = 1;
-    return -1;
-  }
-  pParse->nAlloc = sqlite3_msize(pNew)/sizeof(JsonNode);
-  pParse->aNode = pNew;
-  assert( pParse->nNode<pParse->nAlloc );
-  return jsonParseAddNode(pParse, eType, n, zContent);
-}
-
-/*
-** Create a new JsonNode instance based on the arguments and append that
-** instance to the JsonParse.  Return the index in pParse->aNode[] of the
-** new node, or -1 if a memory allocation fails.
-*/
-static int jsonParseAddNode(
-  JsonParse *pParse,        /* Append the node to this object */
-  u32 eType,                /* Node type */
-  u32 n,                    /* Content size or sub-node count */
-  const char *zContent      /* Content */
-){
-  JsonNode *p;
-  assert( pParse->aNode!=0 || pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc );
-  if( pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc ){
-    return jsonParseAddNodeExpand(pParse, eType, n, zContent);
-  }
-  assert( pParse->aNode!=0 );
-  p = &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode];
-  assert( p!=0 );
-  p->eType = (u8)(eType & 0xff);
-  p->jnFlags = (u8)(eType >> 8);
-  VVA( p->eU = zContent ? 1 : 0 );
-  p->n = n;
-  p->u.zJContent = zContent;
-  return pParse->nNode++;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add an array of new nodes to the current pParse->aNode array.
-** Return the index of the first node added.
-**
-** If an OOM error occurs, set pParse->oom.
-*/
-static void jsonParseAddNodeArray(
-  JsonParse *pParse,        /* Append the node to this object */
-  JsonNode *aNode,          /* Array of nodes to add */
-  u32 nNode                 /* Number of elements in aNew */
-){
-  assert( aNode!=0 );
-  assert( nNode>=1 );
-  if( pParse->nNode + nNode > pParse->nAlloc ){
-    u32 nNew = pParse->nNode + nNode;
-    JsonNode *aNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pParse->aNode, nNew*sizeof(JsonNode));
-    if( aNew==0 ){
-      pParse->oom = 1;
-      return;
-    }
-    pParse->nAlloc = sqlite3_msize(aNew)/sizeof(JsonNode);
-    pParse->aNode = aNew;
-  }
-  memcpy(&pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode], aNode, nNode*sizeof(JsonNode));
-  pParse->nNode += nNode;
-}
-
-/*
-** Add a new JSON_SUBST node.  The node immediately following
-** this new node will be the substitute content for iNode.
-*/
-static int jsonParseAddSubstNode(
-  JsonParse *pParse,       /* Add the JSON_SUBST here */
-  u32 iNode                /* References this node */
-){
-  int idx = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_SUBST, iNode, 0);
-  if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
-  pParse->aNode[iNode].jnFlags |= JNODE_REPLACE;
-  pParse->aNode[idx].eU = 4;
-  pParse->aNode[idx].u.iPrev = pParse->iSubst;
-  pParse->iSubst = idx;
-  pParse->hasMod = 1;
-  pParse->useMod = 1;
-  return idx;
-}
-
-/*
 ** Return true if z[] begins with 2 (or more) hexadecimal digits
 */
 static int jsonIs2Hex(const char *z){
@@ -202545,63 +205915,503 @@ static const struct NanInfName {
   char *zMatch;
   char *zRepl;
 } aNanInfName[] = {
-  { 'i', 'I', 3, JSON_REAL, 7, "inf", "9.0e999" },
-  { 'i', 'I', 8, JSON_REAL, 7, "infinity", "9.0e999" },
-  { 'n', 'N', 3, JSON_NULL, 4, "NaN", "null" },
-  { 'q', 'Q', 4, JSON_NULL, 4, "QNaN", "null" },
-  { 's', 'S', 4, JSON_NULL, 4, "SNaN", "null" },
+  { 'i', 'I', 3, JSONB_FLOAT, 7, "inf", "9.0e999" },
+  { 'i', 'I', 8, JSONB_FLOAT, 7, "infinity", "9.0e999" },
+  { 'n', 'N', 3, JSONB_NULL, 4, "NaN", "null" },
+  { 'q', 'Q', 4, JSONB_NULL, 4, "QNaN", "null" },
+  { 's', 'S', 4, JSONB_NULL, 4, "SNaN", "null" },
 };
 
+
+/*
+** Report the wrong number of arguments for json_insert(), json_replace()
+** or json_set().
+*/
+static void jsonWrongNumArgs(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  const char *zFuncName
+){
+  char *zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("json_%s() needs an odd number of arguments",
+                               zFuncName);
+  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************************
+** Utility routines for dealing with the binary BLOB representation of JSON
+****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+** Expand pParse->aBlob so that it holds at least N bytes.
+**
+** Return the number of errors.
+*/
+static int jsonBlobExpand(JsonParse *pParse, u32 N){
+  u8 *aNew;
+  u32 t;
+  assert( N>pParse->nBlobAlloc );
+  if( pParse->nBlobAlloc==0 ){
+    t = 100;
+  }else{
+    t = pParse->nBlobAlloc*2;
+  }
+  if( t<N ) t = N+100;
+  aNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(pParse->db, pParse->aBlob, t);
+  if( aNew==0 ){ pParse->oom = 1; return 1; }
+  pParse->aBlob = aNew;
+  pParse->nBlobAlloc = t;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** If pParse->aBlob is not previously editable (because it is taken
+** from sqlite3_value_blob(), as indicated by the fact that
+** pParse->nBlobAlloc==0 and pParse->nBlob>0) then make it editable
+** by making a copy into space obtained from malloc.
+**
+** Return true on success.  Return false on OOM.
+*/
+static int jsonBlobMakeEditable(JsonParse *pParse, u32 nExtra){
+  u8 *aOld;
+  u32 nSize;
+  assert( !pParse->bReadOnly );
+  if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
+  if( pParse->nBlobAlloc>0 ) return 1;
+  aOld = pParse->aBlob;
+  nSize = pParse->nBlob + nExtra;
+  pParse->aBlob = 0;
+  if( jsonBlobExpand(pParse, nSize) ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+  assert( pParse->nBlobAlloc >= pParse->nBlob + nExtra );
+  memcpy(pParse->aBlob, aOld, pParse->nBlob);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Expand pParse->aBlob and append one bytes.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE void jsonBlobExpandAndAppendOneByte(
+  JsonParse *pParse,
+  u8 c
+){
+  jsonBlobExpand(pParse, pParse->nBlob+1);
+  if( pParse->oom==0 ){
+    assert( pParse->nBlob+1<=pParse->nBlobAlloc );
+    pParse->aBlob[pParse->nBlob++] = c;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Append a single character.
+*/
+static void jsonBlobAppendOneByte(JsonParse *pParse, u8 c){
+  if( pParse->nBlob >= pParse->nBlobAlloc ){
+    jsonBlobExpandAndAppendOneByte(pParse, c);
+  }else{
+    pParse->aBlob[pParse->nBlob++] = c;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Slow version of jsonBlobAppendNode() that first resizes the
+** pParse->aBlob structure.
+*/
+static void jsonBlobAppendNode(JsonParse*,u8,u32,const void*);
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE void jsonBlobExpandAndAppendNode(
+  JsonParse *pParse,
+  u8 eType,
+  u32 szPayload,
+  const void *aPayload
+){
+  if( jsonBlobExpand(pParse, pParse->nBlob+szPayload+9) ) return;
+  jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, eType, szPayload, aPayload);
+}
+
+
+/* Append an node type byte together with the payload size and
+** possibly also the payload.
+**
+** If aPayload is not NULL, then it is a pointer to the payload which
+** is also appended.  If aPayload is NULL, the pParse->aBlob[] array
+** is resized (if necessary) so that it is big enough to hold the
+** payload, but the payload is not appended and pParse->nBlob is left
+** pointing to where the first byte of payload will eventually be.
+*/
+static void jsonBlobAppendNode(
+  JsonParse *pParse,          /* The JsonParse object under construction */
+  u8 eType,                   /* Node type.  One of JSONB_* */
+  u32 szPayload,              /* Number of bytes of payload */
+  const void *aPayload        /* The payload.  Might be NULL */
+){
+  u8 *a;
+  if( pParse->nBlob+szPayload+9 > pParse->nBlobAlloc ){
+    jsonBlobExpandAndAppendNode(pParse,eType,szPayload,aPayload);
+    return;
+  }
+  assert( pParse->aBlob!=0 );
+  a = &pParse->aBlob[pParse->nBlob];
+  if( szPayload<=11 ){
+    a[0] = eType | (szPayload<<4);
+    pParse->nBlob += 1;
+  }else if( szPayload<=0xff ){
+    a[0] = eType | 0xc0;
+    a[1] = szPayload & 0xff;
+    pParse->nBlob += 2;
+  }else if( szPayload<=0xffff ){
+    a[0] = eType | 0xd0;
+    a[1] = (szPayload >> 8) & 0xff;
+    a[2] = szPayload & 0xff;
+    pParse->nBlob += 3;
+  }else{
+    a[0] = eType | 0xe0;
+    a[1] = (szPayload >> 24) & 0xff;
+    a[2] = (szPayload >> 16) & 0xff;
+    a[3] = (szPayload >> 8) & 0xff;
+    a[4] = szPayload & 0xff;
+    pParse->nBlob += 5;
+  }
+  if( aPayload ){
+    pParse->nBlob += szPayload;
+    memcpy(&pParse->aBlob[pParse->nBlob-szPayload], aPayload, szPayload);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Change the payload size for the node at index i to be szPayload.
+*/
+static int jsonBlobChangePayloadSize(
+  JsonParse *pParse,
+  u32 i,
+  u32 szPayload
+){
+  u8 *a;
+  u8 szType;
+  u8 nExtra;
+  u8 nNeeded;
+  int delta;
+  if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
+  a = &pParse->aBlob[i];
+  szType = a[0]>>4;
+  if( szType<=11 ){
+    nExtra = 0;
+  }else if( szType==12 ){
+    nExtra = 1;
+  }else if( szType==13 ){
+    nExtra = 2;
+  }else{
+    nExtra = 4;
+  }
+  if( szPayload<=11 ){
+    nNeeded = 0;
+  }else if( szPayload<=0xff ){
+    nNeeded = 1;
+  }else if( szPayload<=0xffff ){
+    nNeeded = 2;
+  }else{
+    nNeeded = 4;
+  }
+  delta = nNeeded - nExtra;
+  if( delta ){
+    u32 newSize = pParse->nBlob + delta;
+    if( delta>0 ){
+      if( newSize>pParse->nBlobAlloc && jsonBlobExpand(pParse, newSize) ){
+        return 0;  /* OOM error.  Error state recorded in pParse->oom. */
+      }
+      a = &pParse->aBlob[i];
+      memmove(&a[1+delta], &a[1], pParse->nBlob - (i+1));
+    }else{
+      memmove(&a[1], &a[1-delta], pParse->nBlob - (i+1-delta));
+    }
+    pParse->nBlob = newSize;
+  }
+  if( nNeeded==0 ){
+    a[0] = (a[0] & 0x0f) | (szPayload<<4);
+  }else if( nNeeded==1 ){
+    a[0] = (a[0] & 0x0f) | 0xc0;
+    a[1] = szPayload & 0xff;
+  }else if( nNeeded==2 ){
+    a[0] = (a[0] & 0x0f) | 0xd0;
+    a[1] = (szPayload >> 8) & 0xff;
+    a[2] = szPayload & 0xff;
+  }else{
+    a[0] = (a[0] & 0x0f) | 0xe0;
+    a[1] = (szPayload >> 24) & 0xff;
+    a[2] = (szPayload >> 16) & 0xff;
+    a[3] = (szPayload >> 8) & 0xff;
+    a[4] = szPayload & 0xff;
+  }
+  return delta;
+}
+
+/*
+** If z[0] is 'u' and is followed by exactly 4 hexadecimal character,
+** then set *pOp to JSONB_TEXTJ and return true.  If not, do not make
+** any changes to *pOp and return false.
+*/
+static int jsonIs4HexB(const char *z, int *pOp){
+  if( z[0]!='u' ) return 0;
+  if( !jsonIs4Hex(&z[1]) ) return 0;
+  *pOp = JSONB_TEXTJ;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Check a single element of the JSONB in pParse for validity.
+**
+** The element to be checked starts at offset i and must end at on the
+** last byte before iEnd.
+**
+** Return 0 if everything is correct.  Return the 1-based byte offset of the
+** error if a problem is detected.  (In other words, if the error is at offset
+** 0, return 1).
+*/
+static u32 jsonbValidityCheck(
+  const JsonParse *pParse,    /* Input JSONB.  Only aBlob and nBlob are used */
+  u32 i,                      /* Start of element as pParse->aBlob[i] */
+  u32 iEnd,                   /* One more than the last byte of the element */
+  u32 iDepth                  /* Current nesting depth */
+){
+  u32 n, sz, j, k;
+  const u8 *z;
+  u8 x;
+  if( iDepth>JSON_MAX_DEPTH ) return i+1;
+  sz = 0;
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, i, &sz);
+  if( NEVER(n==0) ) return i+1;          /* Checked by caller */
+  if( NEVER(i+n+sz!=iEnd) ) return i+1;  /* Checked by caller */
+  z = pParse->aBlob;
+  x = z[i] & 0x0f;
+  switch( x ){
+    case JSONB_NULL:
+    case JSONB_TRUE:
+    case JSONB_FALSE: {
+      return n+sz==1 ? 0 : i+1;
+    }
+    case JSONB_INT: {
+      if( sz<1 ) return i+1;
+      j = i+n;
+      if( z[j]=='-' ){
+        j++;
+        if( sz<2 ) return i+1;
+      }
+      k = i+n+sz;
+      while( j<k ){
+        if( sqlite3Isdigit(z[j]) ){
+          j++;
+        }else{
+          return j+1;
+        }
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+    case JSONB_INT5: {
+      if( sz<3 ) return i+1;
+      j = i+n;
+      if( z[j]=='-' ){
+        if( sz<4 ) return i+1;
+        j++;
+      }
+      if( z[j]!='0' ) return i+1;
+      if( z[j+1]!='x' && z[j+1]!='X' ) return j+2;
+      j += 2;
+      k = i+n+sz;
+      while( j<k ){
+        if( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[j]) ){
+          j++;
+        }else{
+          return j+1;
+        }
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+    case JSONB_FLOAT:
+    case JSONB_FLOAT5: {
+      u8 seen = 0;   /* 0: initial.  1: '.' seen  2: 'e' seen */
+      if( sz<2 ) return i+1;
+      j = i+n;
+      k = j+sz;
+      if( z[j]=='-' ){
+        j++;
+        if( sz<3 ) return i+1;
+      }
+      if( z[j]=='.' ){
+        if( x==JSONB_FLOAT ) return j+1;
+        if( !sqlite3Isdigit(z[j+1]) ) return j+1;
+        j += 2;
+        seen = 1;
+      }else if( z[j]=='0' && x==JSONB_FLOAT ){
+        if( j+3>k ) return j+1;
+        if( z[j+1]!='.' && z[j+1]!='e' && z[j+1]!='E' ) return j+1;
+        j++;
+      }
+      for(; j<k; j++){
+        if( sqlite3Isdigit(z[j]) ) continue;
+        if( z[j]=='.' ){
+          if( seen>0 ) return j+1;
+          if( x==JSONB_FLOAT && (j==k-1 || !sqlite3Isdigit(z[j+1])) ){
+            return j+1;
+          }
+          seen = 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if( z[j]=='e' || z[j]=='E' ){
+          if( seen==2 ) return j+1;
+          if( j==k-1 ) return j+1;
+          if( z[j+1]=='+' || z[j+1]=='-' ){
+            j++;
+            if( j==k-1 ) return j+1;
+          }
+          seen = 2;
+          continue;
+        }
+        return j+1;
+      }
+      if( seen==0 ) return i+1;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TEXT: {
+      j = i+n;
+      k = j+sz;
+      while( j<k ){
+        if( !jsonIsOk[z[j]] && z[j]!='\'' ) return j+1;
+        j++;
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TEXTJ:
+    case JSONB_TEXT5: {
+      j = i+n;
+      k = j+sz;
+      while( j<k ){
+        if( !jsonIsOk[z[j]] && z[j]!='\'' ){
+          if( z[j]=='"' ){
+            if( x==JSONB_TEXTJ ) return j+1;
+          }else if( z[j]<=0x1f ){
+            /* Control characters in JSON5 string literals are ok */
+            if( x==JSONB_TEXTJ ) return j+1;
+          }else if( NEVER(z[j]!='\\') || j+1>=k ){
+            return j+1;
+          }else if( strchr("\"\\/bfnrt",z[j+1])!=0 ){
+            j++;
+          }else if( z[j+1]=='u' ){
+            if( j+5>=k ) return j+1;
+            if( !jsonIs4Hex((const char*)&z[j+2]) ) return j+1;
+            j++;
+          }else if( x!=JSONB_TEXT5 ){
+            return j+1;
+          }else{
+            u32 c = 0;
+            u32 szC = jsonUnescapeOneChar((const char*)&z[j], k-j, &c);
+            if( c==JSON_INVALID_CHAR ) return j+1;
+            j += szC - 1;
+          }
+        }
+        j++;
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TEXTRAW: {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    case JSONB_ARRAY: {
+      u32 sub;
+      j = i+n;
+      k = j+sz;
+      while( j<k ){
+        sz = 0;
+        n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, j, &sz);
+        if( n==0 ) return j+1;
+        if( j+n+sz>k ) return j+1;
+        sub = jsonbValidityCheck(pParse, j, j+n+sz, iDepth+1);
+        if( sub ) return sub;
+        j += n + sz;
+      }
+      assert( j==k );
+      return 0;
+    }
+    case JSONB_OBJECT: {
+      u32 cnt = 0;
+      u32 sub;
+      j = i+n;
+      k = j+sz;
+      while( j<k ){
+        sz = 0;
+        n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, j, &sz);
+        if( n==0 ) return j+1;
+        if( j+n+sz>k ) return j+1;
+        if( (cnt & 1)==0 ){
+          x = z[j] & 0x0f;
+          if( x<JSONB_TEXT || x>JSONB_TEXTRAW ) return j+1;
+        }
+        sub = jsonbValidityCheck(pParse, j, j+n+sz, iDepth+1);
+        if( sub ) return sub;
+        cnt++;
+        j += n + sz;
+      }
+      assert( j==k );
+      if( (cnt & 1)!=0 ) return j+1;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return i+1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /*
-** Parse a single JSON value which begins at pParse->zJson[i].  Return the
-** index of the first character past the end of the value parsed.
+** Translate a single element of JSON text at pParse->zJson[i] into
+** its equivalent binary JSONB representation.  Append the translation into
+** pParse->aBlob[] beginning at pParse->nBlob.  The size of
+** pParse->aBlob[] is increased as necessary.
 **
-** Special return values:
+** Return the index of the first character past the end of the element parsed,
+** or one of the following special result codes:
 **
 **      0    End of input
-**     -1    Syntax error
-**     -2    '}' seen
-**     -3    ']' seen
-**     -4    ',' seen
-**     -5    ':' seen
+**     -1    Syntax error or OOM
+**     -2    '}' seen   \
+**     -3    ']' seen    \___  For these returns, pParse->iErr is set to
+**     -4    ',' seen    /     the index in zJson[] of the seen character
+**     -5    ':' seen   /
 */
-static int jsonParseValue(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i){
+static int jsonTranslateTextToBlob(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i){
   char c;
   u32 j;
-  int iThis;
+  u32 iThis, iStart;
   int x;
-  JsonNode *pNode;
+  u8 t;
   const char *z = pParse->zJson;
 json_parse_restart:
   switch( (u8)z[i] ){
   case '{': {
     /* Parse object */
-    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
-    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
+    iThis = pParse->nBlob;
+    jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_OBJECT, pParse->nJson-i, 0);
     if( ++pParse->iDepth > JSON_MAX_DEPTH ){
       pParse->iErr = i;
       return -1;
     }
+    iStart = pParse->nBlob;
     for(j=i+1;;j++){
-      u32 nNode = pParse->nNode;
-      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
+      u32 iBlob = pParse->nBlob;
+      x = jsonTranslateTextToBlob(pParse, j);
       if( x<=0 ){
+        int op;
         if( x==(-2) ){
           j = pParse->iErr;
-          if( pParse->nNode!=(u32)iThis+1 ) pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
+          if( pParse->nBlob!=(u32)iStart ) pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
           break;
         }
         j += json5Whitespace(&z[j]);
+        op = JSONB_TEXT;
         if( sqlite3JsonId1(z[j])
-         || (z[j]=='\\' && z[j+1]=='u' && jsonIs4Hex(&z[j+2]))
+         || (z[j]=='\\' && jsonIs4HexB(&z[j+1], &op))
         ){
           int k = j+1;
           while( (sqlite3JsonId2(z[k]) && json5Whitespace(&z[k])==0)
-            || (z[k]=='\\' && z[k+1]=='u' && jsonIs4Hex(&z[k+2]))
+            || (z[k]=='\\' && jsonIs4HexB(&z[k+1], &op))
           ){
             k++;
           }
-          jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING | (JNODE_RAW<<8), k-j, &z[j]);
+          assert( iBlob==pParse->nBlob );
+          jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, op, k-j, &z[j]);
           pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
           x = k;
         }else{
@@ -202610,24 +206420,24 @@ json_parse_restart:
         }
       }
       if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
-      pNode = &pParse->aNode[nNode];
-      if( pNode->eType!=JSON_STRING ){
+      t = pParse->aBlob[iBlob] & 0x0f;
+      if( t<JSONB_TEXT || t>JSONB_TEXTRAW ){
         pParse->iErr = j;
         return -1;
       }
-      pNode->jnFlags |= JNODE_LABEL;
       j = x;
       if( z[j]==':' ){
         j++;
       }else{
-        if( fast_isspace(z[j]) ){
-          do{ j++; }while( fast_isspace(z[j]) );
+        if( jsonIsspace(z[j]) ){
+          /* strspn() is not helpful here */
+          do{ j++; }while( jsonIsspace(z[j]) );
           if( z[j]==':' ){
             j++;
             goto parse_object_value;
           }
         }
-        x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
+        x = jsonTranslateTextToBlob(pParse, j);
         if( x!=(-5) ){
           if( x!=(-1) ) pParse->iErr = j;
           return -1;
@@ -202635,7 +206445,7 @@ json_parse_restart:
         j = pParse->iErr+1;
       }
     parse_object_value:
-      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
+      x = jsonTranslateTextToBlob(pParse, j);
       if( x<=0 ){
         if( x!=(-1) ) pParse->iErr = j;
         return -1;
@@ -202646,15 +206456,15 @@ json_parse_restart:
       }else if( z[j]=='}' ){
         break;
       }else{
-        if( fast_isspace(z[j]) ){
-          do{ j++; }while( fast_isspace(z[j]) );
+        if( jsonIsspace(z[j]) ){
+          j += 1 + (u32)strspn(&z[j+1], jsonSpaces);
           if( z[j]==',' ){
             continue;
           }else if( z[j]=='}' ){
             break;
           }
         }
-        x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
+        x = jsonTranslateTextToBlob(pParse, j);
         if( x==(-4) ){
           j = pParse->iErr;
           continue;
@@ -202667,25 +206477,27 @@ json_parse_restart:
       pParse->iErr = j;
       return -1;
     }
-    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
+    jsonBlobChangePayloadSize(pParse, iThis, pParse->nBlob - iStart);
     pParse->iDepth--;
     return j+1;
   }
   case '[': {
     /* Parse array */
-    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
-    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
+    iThis = pParse->nBlob;
+    assert( i<=(u32)pParse->nJson );
+    jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_ARRAY, pParse->nJson - i, 0);
+    iStart = pParse->nBlob;
+    if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
     if( ++pParse->iDepth > JSON_MAX_DEPTH ){
       pParse->iErr = i;
       return -1;
     }
-    memset(&pParse->aNode[iThis].u, 0, sizeof(pParse->aNode[iThis].u));
     for(j=i+1;;j++){
-      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
+      x = jsonTranslateTextToBlob(pParse, j);
       if( x<=0 ){
         if( x==(-3) ){
           j = pParse->iErr;
-          if( pParse->nNode!=(u32)iThis+1 ) pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
+          if( pParse->nBlob!=iStart ) pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
           break;
         }
         if( x!=(-1) ) pParse->iErr = j;
@@ -202697,15 +206509,15 @@ json_parse_restart:
       }else if( z[j]==']' ){
         break;
       }else{
-        if( fast_isspace(z[j]) ){
-          do{ j++; }while( fast_isspace(z[j]) );
+        if( jsonIsspace(z[j]) ){
+          j += 1 + (u32)strspn(&z[j+1], jsonSpaces);
           if( z[j]==',' ){
             continue;
           }else if( z[j]==']' ){
             break;
           }
         }
-        x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
+        x = jsonTranslateTextToBlob(pParse, j);
         if( x==(-4) ){
           j = pParse->iErr;
           continue;
@@ -202718,23 +206530,33 @@ json_parse_restart:
       pParse->iErr = j;
       return -1;
     }
-    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
+    jsonBlobChangePayloadSize(pParse, iThis, pParse->nBlob - iStart);
     pParse->iDepth--;
     return j+1;
   }
   case '\'': {
-    u8 jnFlags;
+    u8 opcode;
     char cDelim;
     pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
-    jnFlags = JNODE_JSON5;
+    opcode = JSONB_TEXT;
     goto parse_string;
   case '"':
     /* Parse string */
-    jnFlags = 0;
+    opcode = JSONB_TEXT;
   parse_string:
     cDelim = z[i];
-    for(j=i+1; 1; j++){
-      if( jsonIsOk[(unsigned char)z[j]] ) continue;
+    j = i+1;
+    while( 1 /*exit-by-break*/ ){
+      if( jsonIsOk[(u8)z[j]] ){
+        if( !jsonIsOk[(u8)z[j+1]] ){
+          j += 1;
+        }else if( !jsonIsOk[(u8)z[j+2]] ){
+          j += 2;
+        }else{
+          j += 3;
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
       c = z[j];
       if( c==cDelim ){
         break;
@@ -202743,33 +206565,41 @@ json_parse_restart:
         if( c=='"' || c=='\\' || c=='/' || c=='b' || c=='f'
            || c=='n' || c=='r' || c=='t'
            || (c=='u' && jsonIs4Hex(&z[j+1])) ){
-          jnFlags |= JNODE_ESCAPE;
+          if( opcode==JSONB_TEXT ) opcode = JSONB_TEXTJ;
         }else if( c=='\'' || c=='0' || c=='v' || c=='\n'
            || (0xe2==(u8)c && 0x80==(u8)z[j+1]
                 && (0xa8==(u8)z[j+2] || 0xa9==(u8)z[j+2]))
            || (c=='x' && jsonIs2Hex(&z[j+1])) ){
-          jnFlags |= (JNODE_ESCAPE|JNODE_JSON5);
+          opcode = JSONB_TEXT5;
           pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
         }else if( c=='\r' ){
           if( z[j+1]=='\n' ) j++;
-          jnFlags |= (JNODE_ESCAPE|JNODE_JSON5);
+          opcode = JSONB_TEXT5;
           pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
         }else{
           pParse->iErr = j;
           return -1;
         }
       }else if( c<=0x1f ){
-        /* Control characters are not allowed in strings */
-        pParse->iErr = j;
-        return -1;
+        if( c==0 ){
+          pParse->iErr = j;
+          return -1;
+        }
+        /* Control characters are not allowed in canonical JSON string
+        ** literals, but are allowed in JSON5 string literals. */
+        opcode = JSONB_TEXT5;
+        pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
+      }else if( c=='"' ){
+        opcode = JSONB_TEXT5;
       }
+      j++;
     }
-    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING | (jnFlags<<8), j+1-i, &z[i]);
+    jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, opcode, j-1-i, &z[i+1]);
     return j+1;
   }
   case 't': {
     if( strncmp(z+i,"true",4)==0 && !sqlite3Isalnum(z[i+4]) ){
-      jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_TRUE, 0, 0);
+      jsonBlobAppendOneByte(pParse, JSONB_TRUE);
       return i+4;
     }
     pParse->iErr = i;
@@ -202777,23 +206607,22 @@ json_parse_restart:
   }
   case 'f': {
     if( strncmp(z+i,"false",5)==0 && !sqlite3Isalnum(z[i+5]) ){
-      jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_FALSE, 0, 0);
+      jsonBlobAppendOneByte(pParse, JSONB_FALSE);
       return i+5;
     }
     pParse->iErr = i;
     return -1;
   }
   case '+': {
-    u8 seenDP, seenE, jnFlags;
+    u8 seenE;
     pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
-    jnFlags = JNODE_JSON5;
+    t = 0x00;            /* Bit 0x01:  JSON5.   Bit 0x02:  FLOAT */
     goto parse_number;
   case '.':
     if( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+1]) ){
       pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
-      jnFlags = JNODE_JSON5;
+      t = 0x03;          /* Bit 0x01:  JSON5.   Bit 0x02:  FLOAT */
       seenE = 0;
-      seenDP = JSON_REAL;
       goto parse_number_2;
     }
     pParse->iErr = i;
@@ -202810,9 +206639,8 @@ json_parse_restart:
   case '8':
   case '9':
     /* Parse number */
-    jnFlags = 0;
+    t = 0x00;            /* Bit 0x01:  JSON5.   Bit 0x02:  FLOAT */
   parse_number:
-    seenDP = JSON_INT;
     seenE = 0;
     assert( '-' < '0' );
     assert( '+' < '0' );
@@ -202822,9 +206650,9 @@ json_parse_restart:
     if( c<='0' ){
       if( c=='0' ){
         if( (z[i+1]=='x' || z[i+1]=='X') && sqlite3Isxdigit(z[i+2]) ){
-          assert( seenDP==JSON_INT );
+          assert( t==0x00 );
           pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
-          jnFlags |= JNODE_JSON5;
+          t = 0x01;
           for(j=i+3; sqlite3Isxdigit(z[j]); j++){}
           goto parse_number_finish;
         }else if( sqlite3Isdigit(z[i+1]) ){
@@ -202841,15 +206669,15 @@ json_parse_restart:
           ){
             pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
             if( z[i]=='-' ){
-              jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_REAL, 8, "-9.0e999");
+              jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_FLOAT, 6, "-9e999");
             }else{
-              jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_REAL, 7, "9.0e999");
+              jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_FLOAT, 5, "9e999");
             }
             return i + (sqlite3StrNICmp(&z[i+4],"inity",5)==0 ? 9 : 4);
           }
           if( z[i+1]=='.' ){
             pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
-            jnFlags |= JNODE_JSON5;
+            t |= 0x01;
             goto parse_number_2;
           }
           pParse->iErr = i;
@@ -202861,30 +206689,31 @@ json_parse_restart:
             return -1;
           }else if( (z[i+2]=='x' || z[i+2]=='X') && sqlite3Isxdigit(z[i+3]) ){
             pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
-            jnFlags |= JNODE_JSON5;
+            t |= 0x01;
             for(j=i+4; sqlite3Isxdigit(z[j]); j++){}
             goto parse_number_finish;
           }
         }
       }
     }
+
   parse_number_2:
     for(j=i+1;; j++){
       c = z[j];
       if( sqlite3Isdigit(c) ) continue;
       if( c=='.' ){
-        if( seenDP==JSON_REAL ){
+        if( (t & 0x02)!=0 ){
           pParse->iErr = j;
           return -1;
         }
-        seenDP = JSON_REAL;
+        t |= 0x02;
         continue;
       }
       if( c=='e' || c=='E' ){
         if( z[j-1]<'0' ){
           if( ALWAYS(z[j-1]=='.') && ALWAYS(j-2>=i) && sqlite3Isdigit(z[j-2]) ){
             pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
-            jnFlags |= JNODE_JSON5;
+            t |= 0x01;
           }else{
             pParse->iErr = j;
             return -1;
@@ -202894,7 +206723,7 @@ json_parse_restart:
           pParse->iErr = j;
           return -1;
         }
-        seenDP = JSON_REAL;
+        t |= 0x02;
         seenE = 1;
         c = z[j+1];
         if( c=='+' || c=='-' ){
@@ -202912,14 +206741,18 @@ json_parse_restart:
     if( z[j-1]<'0' ){
       if( ALWAYS(z[j-1]=='.') && ALWAYS(j-2>=i) && sqlite3Isdigit(z[j-2]) ){
         pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
-        jnFlags |= JNODE_JSON5;
+        t |= 0x01;
       }else{
         pParse->iErr = j;
         return -1;
       }
     }
   parse_number_finish:
-    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, seenDP | (jnFlags<<8), j - i, &z[i]);
+    assert( JSONB_INT+0x01==JSONB_INT5 );
+    assert( JSONB_FLOAT+0x01==JSONB_FLOAT5 );
+    assert( JSONB_INT+0x02==JSONB_FLOAT );
+    if( z[i]=='+' ) i++;
+    jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_INT+t, j-i, &z[i]);
     return j;
   }
   case '}': {
@@ -202945,9 +206778,7 @@ json_parse_restart:
   case 0x0a:
   case 0x0d:
   case 0x20: {
-    do{
-      i++;
-    }while( fast_isspace(z[i]) );
+    i += 1 + (u32)strspn(&z[i+1], jsonSpaces);
     goto json_parse_restart;
   }
   case 0x0b:
@@ -202969,10 +206800,11 @@ json_parse_restart:
   }
   case 'n': {
     if( strncmp(z+i,"null",4)==0 && !sqlite3Isalnum(z[i+4]) ){
-      jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
+      jsonBlobAppendOneByte(pParse, JSONB_NULL);
       return i+4;
     }
     /* fall-through into the default case that checks for NaN */
+    /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
   }
   default: {
     u32 k;
@@ -202985,8 +206817,11 @@ json_parse_restart:
         continue;
       }
       if( sqlite3Isalnum(z[i+nn]) ) continue;
-      jsonParseAddNode(pParse, aNanInfName[k].eType,
-          aNanInfName[k].nRepl, aNanInfName[k].zRepl);
+      if( aNanInfName[k].eType==JSONB_FLOAT ){
+        jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_FLOAT, 5, "9e999");
+      }else{
+        jsonBlobAppendOneByte(pParse, JSONB_NULL);
+      }
       pParse->hasNonstd = 1;
       return i + nn;
     }
@@ -202996,6 +206831,7 @@ json_parse_restart:
   } /* End switch(z[i]) */
 }
 
+
 /*
 ** Parse a complete JSON string.  Return 0 on success or non-zero if there
 ** are any errors.  If an error occurs, free all memory held by pParse,
@@ -203004,20 +206840,26 @@ json_parse_restart:
 ** pParse must be initialized to an empty parse object prior to calling
 ** this routine.
 */
-static int jsonParse(
+static int jsonConvertTextToBlob(
   JsonParse *pParse,           /* Initialize and fill this JsonParse object */
   sqlite3_context *pCtx        /* Report errors here */
 ){
   int i;
   const char *zJson = pParse->zJson;
-  i = jsonParseValue(pParse, 0);
+  i = jsonTranslateTextToBlob(pParse, 0);
   if( pParse->oom ) i = -1;
   if( i>0 ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     assert( pParse->iDepth==0 );
-    while( fast_isspace(zJson[i]) ) i++;
+    if( sqlite3Config.bJsonSelfcheck ){
+      assert( jsonbValidityCheck(pParse, 0, pParse->nBlob, 0)==0 );
+    }
+#endif
+    while( jsonIsspace(zJson[i]) ) i++;
     if( zJson[i] ){
       i += json5Whitespace(&zJson[i]);
       if( zJson[i] ){
+        if( pCtx ) sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, "malformed JSON", -1);
         jsonParseReset(pParse);
         return 1;
       }
@@ -203038,248 +206880,832 @@ static int jsonParse(
   return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** The input string pStr is a well-formed JSON text string.  Convert
+** this into the JSONB format and make it the return value of the
+** SQL function.
+*/
+static void jsonReturnStringAsBlob(JsonString *pStr){
+  JsonParse px;
+  memset(&px, 0, sizeof(px));
+  jsonStringTerminate(pStr);
+  if( pStr->eErr ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pStr->pCtx);
+    return;
+  }
+  px.zJson = pStr->zBuf;
+  px.nJson = pStr->nUsed;
+  px.db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(pStr->pCtx);
+  (void)jsonTranslateTextToBlob(&px, 0);
+  if( px.oom ){
+    sqlite3DbFree(px.db, px.aBlob);
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pStr->pCtx);
+  }else{
+    assert( px.nBlobAlloc>0 );
+    assert( !px.bReadOnly );
+    sqlite3_result_blob(pStr->pCtx, px.aBlob, px.nBlob, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
+  }
+}
+
+/* The byte at index i is a node type-code.  This routine
+** determines the payload size for that node and writes that
+** payload size in to *pSz.  It returns the offset from i to the
+** beginning of the payload.  Return 0 on error.
+*/
+static u32 jsonbPayloadSize(const JsonParse *pParse, u32 i, u32 *pSz){
+  u8 x;
+  u32 sz;
+  u32 n;
+  if( NEVER(i>pParse->nBlob) ){
+    *pSz = 0;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  x = pParse->aBlob[i]>>4;
+  if( x<=11 ){
+    sz = x;
+    n = 1;
+  }else if( x==12 ){
+    if( i+1>=pParse->nBlob ){
+      *pSz = 0;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    sz = pParse->aBlob[i+1];
+    n = 2;
+  }else if( x==13 ){
+    if( i+2>=pParse->nBlob ){
+      *pSz = 0;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    sz = (pParse->aBlob[i+1]<<8) + pParse->aBlob[i+2];
+    n = 3;
+  }else if( x==14 ){
+    if( i+4>=pParse->nBlob ){
+      *pSz = 0;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    sz = ((u32)pParse->aBlob[i+1]<<24) + (pParse->aBlob[i+2]<<16) +
+         (pParse->aBlob[i+3]<<8) + pParse->aBlob[i+4];
+    n = 5;
+  }else{
+    if( i+8>=pParse->nBlob
+     || pParse->aBlob[i+1]!=0
+     || pParse->aBlob[i+2]!=0
+     || pParse->aBlob[i+3]!=0
+     || pParse->aBlob[i+4]!=0
+    ){
+      *pSz = 0;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    sz = (pParse->aBlob[i+5]<<24) + (pParse->aBlob[i+6]<<16) +
+         (pParse->aBlob[i+7]<<8) + pParse->aBlob[i+8];
+    n = 9;
+  }
+  if( (i64)i+sz+n > pParse->nBlob
+   && (i64)i+sz+n > pParse->nBlob-pParse->delta
+  ){
+    sz = 0;
+    n = 0;
+  }
+  *pSz = sz;
+  return n;
+}
+
 
-/* Mark node i of pParse as being a child of iParent.  Call recursively
-** to fill in all the descendants of node i.
+/*
+** Translate the binary JSONB representation of JSON beginning at
+** pParse->aBlob[i] into a JSON text string.  Append the JSON
+** text onto the end of pOut.  Return the index in pParse->aBlob[]
+** of the first byte past the end of the element that is translated.
+**
+** If an error is detected in the BLOB input, the pOut->eErr flag
+** might get set to JSTRING_MALFORMED.  But not all BLOB input errors
+** are detected.  So a malformed JSONB input might either result
+** in an error, or in incorrect JSON.
+**
+** The pOut->eErr JSTRING_OOM flag is set on a OOM.
 */
-static void jsonParseFillInParentage(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i, u32 iParent){
-  JsonNode *pNode = &pParse->aNode[i];
-  u32 j;
-  pParse->aUp[i] = iParent;
-  switch( pNode->eType ){
-    case JSON_ARRAY: {
-      for(j=1; j<=pNode->n; j += jsonNodeSize(pNode+j)){
-        jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, i+j, i);
+static u32 jsonTranslateBlobToText(
+  const JsonParse *pParse,       /* the complete parse of the JSON */
+  u32 i,                         /* Start rendering at this index */
+  JsonString *pOut               /* Write JSON here */
+){
+  u32 sz, n, j, iEnd;
+
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, i, &sz);
+  if( n==0 ){
+    pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+    return pParse->nBlob+1;
+  }
+  switch( pParse->aBlob[i] & 0x0f ){
+    case JSONB_NULL: {
+      jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "null", 4);
+      return i+1;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TRUE: {
+      jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "true", 4);
+      return i+1;
+    }
+    case JSONB_FALSE: {
+      jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "false", 5);
+      return i+1;
+    }
+    case JSONB_INT:
+    case JSONB_FLOAT: {
+      if( sz==0 ) goto malformed_jsonb;
+      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n], sz);
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_INT5: {  /* Integer literal in hexadecimal notation */
+      u32 k = 2;
+      sqlite3_uint64 u = 0;
+      const char *zIn = (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n];
+      int bOverflow = 0;
+      if( sz==0 ) goto malformed_jsonb;
+      if( zIn[0]=='-' ){
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, '-');
+        k++;
+      }else if( zIn[0]=='+' ){
+        k++;
       }
+      for(; k<sz; k++){
+        if( !sqlite3Isxdigit(zIn[k]) ){
+          pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+          break;
+        }else if( (u>>60)!=0 ){
+          bOverflow = 1;
+        }else{
+          u = u*16 + sqlite3HexToInt(zIn[k]);
+        }
+      }
+      jsonPrintf(100,pOut,bOverflow?"9.0e999":"%llu", u);
       break;
     }
-    case JSON_OBJECT: {
-      for(j=1; j<=pNode->n; j += jsonNodeSize(pNode+j+1)+1){
-        pParse->aUp[i+j] = i;
-        jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, i+j+1, i);
+    case JSONB_FLOAT5: { /* Float literal missing digits beside "." */
+      u32 k = 0;
+      const char *zIn = (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n];
+      if( sz==0 ) goto malformed_jsonb;
+      if( zIn[0]=='-' ){
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, '-');
+        k++;
+      }
+      if( zIn[k]=='.' ){
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, '0');
+      }
+      for(; k<sz; k++){
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, zIn[k]);
+        if( zIn[k]=='.' && (k+1==sz || !sqlite3Isdigit(zIn[k+1])) ){
+          jsonAppendChar(pOut, '0');
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TEXT:
+    case JSONB_TEXTJ: {
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '"');
+      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n], sz);
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '"');
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TEXT5: {
+      const char *zIn;
+      u32 k;
+      u32 sz2 = sz;
+      zIn = (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n];
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '"');
+      while( sz2>0 ){
+        for(k=0; k<sz2 && (jsonIsOk[(u8)zIn[k]] || zIn[k]=='\''); k++){}
+        if( k>0 ){
+          jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, zIn, k);
+          if( k>=sz2 ){
+            break;
+          }
+          zIn += k;
+          sz2 -= k;
+        }
+        if( zIn[0]=='"' ){
+          jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "\\\"", 2);
+          zIn++;
+          sz2--;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if( zIn[0]<=0x1f ){
+          if( pOut->nUsed+7>pOut->nAlloc && jsonStringGrow(pOut,7) ) break;
+          jsonAppendControlChar(pOut, zIn[0]);
+          zIn++;
+          sz2--;
+          continue;
+        }
+        assert( zIn[0]=='\\' );
+        assert( sz2>=1 );
+        if( sz2<2 ){
+          pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+          break;
+        }
+        switch( (u8)zIn[1] ){
+          case '\'':
+            jsonAppendChar(pOut, '\'');
+            break;
+          case 'v':
+            jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "\\u0009", 6);
+            break;
+          case 'x':
+            if( sz2<4 ){
+              pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+              sz2 = 2;
+              break;
+            }
+            jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "\\u00", 4);
+            jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, &zIn[2], 2);
+            zIn += 2;
+            sz2 -= 2;
+            break;
+          case '0':
+            jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, "\\u0000", 6);
+            break;
+          case '\r':
+            if( sz2>2 && zIn[2]=='\n' ){
+              zIn++;
+              sz2--;
+            }
+            break;
+          case '\n':
+            break;
+          case 0xe2:
+            /* '\' followed by either U+2028 or U+2029 is ignored as
+            ** whitespace.  Not that in UTF8, U+2028 is 0xe2 0x80 0x29.
+            ** U+2029 is the same except for the last byte */
+            if( sz2<4
+             || 0x80!=(u8)zIn[2]
+             || (0xa8!=(u8)zIn[3] && 0xa9!=(u8)zIn[3])
+            ){
+              pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+              sz2 = 2;
+              break;
+            }
+            zIn += 2;
+            sz2 -= 2;
+            break;
+          default:
+            jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, zIn, 2);
+            break;
+        }
+        assert( sz2>=2 );
+        zIn += 2;
+        sz2 -= 2;
       }
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '"');
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TEXTRAW: {
+      jsonAppendString(pOut, (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n], sz);
       break;
     }
+    case JSONB_ARRAY: {
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '[');
+      j = i+n;
+      iEnd = j+sz;
+      while( j<iEnd && pOut->eErr==0 ){
+        j = jsonTranslateBlobToText(pParse, j, pOut);
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, ',');
+      }
+      if( j>iEnd ) pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+      if( sz>0 ) jsonStringTrimOneChar(pOut);
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, ']');
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_OBJECT: {
+      int x = 0;
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '{');
+      j = i+n;
+      iEnd = j+sz;
+      while( j<iEnd && pOut->eErr==0 ){
+        j = jsonTranslateBlobToText(pParse, j, pOut);
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, (x++ & 1) ? ',' : ':');
+      }
+      if( (x & 1)!=0 || j>iEnd ) pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+      if( sz>0 ) jsonStringTrimOneChar(pOut);
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '}');
+      break;
+    }
+
     default: {
+      malformed_jsonb:
+      pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
       break;
     }
   }
+  return i+n+sz;
+}
+
+/* Context for recursion of json_pretty()
+*/
+typedef struct JsonPretty JsonPretty;
+struct JsonPretty {
+  JsonParse *pParse;        /* The BLOB being rendered */
+  JsonString *pOut;         /* Generate pretty output into this string */
+  const char *zIndent;      /* Use this text for indentation */
+  u32 szIndent;             /* Bytes in zIndent[] */
+  u32 nIndent;              /* Current level of indentation */
+};
+
+/* Append indentation to the pretty JSON under construction */
+static void jsonPrettyIndent(JsonPretty *pPretty){
+  u32 jj;
+  for(jj=0; jj<pPretty->nIndent; jj++){
+    jsonAppendRaw(pPretty->pOut, pPretty->zIndent, pPretty->szIndent);
+  }
 }
 
 /*
-** Compute the parentage of all nodes in a completed parse.
+** Translate the binary JSONB representation of JSON beginning at
+** pParse->aBlob[i] into a JSON text string.  Append the JSON
+** text onto the end of pOut.  Return the index in pParse->aBlob[]
+** of the first byte past the end of the element that is translated.
+**
+** This is a variant of jsonTranslateBlobToText() that "pretty-prints"
+** the output.  Extra whitespace is inserted to make the JSON easier
+** for humans to read.
+**
+** If an error is detected in the BLOB input, the pOut->eErr flag
+** might get set to JSTRING_MALFORMED.  But not all BLOB input errors
+** are detected.  So a malformed JSONB input might either result
+** in an error, or in incorrect JSON.
+**
+** The pOut->eErr JSTRING_OOM flag is set on a OOM.
 */
-static int jsonParseFindParents(JsonParse *pParse){
-  u32 *aUp;
-  assert( pParse->aUp==0 );
-  aUp = pParse->aUp = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(u32)*pParse->nNode );
-  if( aUp==0 ){
-    pParse->oom = 1;
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+static u32 jsonTranslateBlobToPrettyText(
+  JsonPretty *pPretty,       /* Pretty-printing context */
+  u32 i                      /* Start rendering at this index */
+){
+  u32 sz, n, j, iEnd;
+  const JsonParse *pParse = pPretty->pParse;
+  JsonString *pOut = pPretty->pOut;
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, i, &sz);
+  if( n==0 ){
+    pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+    return pParse->nBlob+1;
   }
-  jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, 0, 0);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  switch( pParse->aBlob[i] & 0x0f ){
+    case JSONB_ARRAY: {
+      j = i+n;
+      iEnd = j+sz;
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '[');
+      if( j<iEnd ){
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, '\n');
+        pPretty->nIndent++;
+        while( pOut->eErr==0 ){
+          jsonPrettyIndent(pPretty);
+          j = jsonTranslateBlobToPrettyText(pPretty, j);
+          if( j>=iEnd ) break;
+          jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, ",\n", 2);
+        }
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, '\n');
+        pPretty->nIndent--;
+        jsonPrettyIndent(pPretty);
+      }
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, ']');
+      i = iEnd;
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_OBJECT: {
+      j = i+n;
+      iEnd = j+sz;
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '{');
+      if( j<iEnd ){
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, '\n');
+        pPretty->nIndent++;
+        while( pOut->eErr==0 ){
+          jsonPrettyIndent(pPretty);
+          j = jsonTranslateBlobToText(pParse, j, pOut);
+          if( j>iEnd ){
+            pOut->eErr |= JSTRING_MALFORMED;
+            break;
+          }
+          jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, ": ", 2);
+          j = jsonTranslateBlobToPrettyText(pPretty, j);
+          if( j>=iEnd ) break;
+          jsonAppendRawNZ(pOut, ",\n", 2);
+        }
+        jsonAppendChar(pOut, '\n');
+        pPretty->nIndent--;
+        jsonPrettyIndent(pPretty);
+      }
+      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '}');
+      i = iEnd;
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      i = jsonTranslateBlobToText(pParse, i, pOut);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+/* Return true if the input pJson
+**
+** For performance reasons, this routine does not do a detailed check of the
+** input BLOB to ensure that it is well-formed.  Hence, false positives are
+** possible.  False negatives should never occur, however.
+*/
+static int jsonFuncArgMightBeBinary(sqlite3_value *pJson){
+  u32 sz, n;
+  const u8 *aBlob;
+  int nBlob;
+  JsonParse s;
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(pJson)!=SQLITE_BLOB ) return 0;
+  aBlob = sqlite3_value_blob(pJson);
+  nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(pJson);
+  if( nBlob<1 ) return 0;
+  if( NEVER(aBlob==0) || (aBlob[0] & 0x0f)>JSONB_OBJECT ) return 0;
+  memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
+  s.aBlob = (u8*)aBlob;
+  s.nBlob = nBlob;
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(&s, 0, &sz);
+  if( n==0 ) return 0;
+  if( sz+n!=(u32)nBlob ) return 0;
+  if( (aBlob[0] & 0x0f)<=JSONB_FALSE && sz>0 ) return 0;
+  return sz+n==(u32)nBlob;
 }
 
 /*
-** Magic number used for the JSON parse cache in sqlite3_get_auxdata()
+** Given that a JSONB_ARRAY object starts at offset i, return
+** the number of entries in that array.
 */
-#define JSON_CACHE_ID  (-429938)  /* First cache entry */
-#define JSON_CACHE_SZ  4          /* Max number of cache entries */
+static u32 jsonbArrayCount(JsonParse *pParse, u32 iRoot){
+  u32 n, sz, i, iEnd;
+  u32 k = 0;
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, iRoot, &sz);
+  iEnd = iRoot+n+sz;
+  for(i=iRoot+n; n>0 && i<iEnd; i+=sz+n, k++){
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, i, &sz);
+  }
+  return k;
+}
 
 /*
-** Obtain a complete parse of the JSON found in the pJson argument
-**
-** Use the sqlite3_get_auxdata() cache to find a preexisting parse
-** if it is available.  If the cache is not available or if it
-** is no longer valid, parse the JSON again and return the new parse.
-** Also register the new parse so that it will be available for
-** future sqlite3_get_auxdata() calls.
-**
-** If an error occurs and pErrCtx!=0 then report the error on pErrCtx
-** and return NULL.
-**
-** The returned pointer (if it is not NULL) is owned by the cache in
-** most cases, not the caller.  The caller does NOT need to invoke
-** jsonParseFree(), in most cases.
+** Edit the payload size of the element at iRoot by the amount in
+** pParse->delta.
+*/
+static void jsonAfterEditSizeAdjust(JsonParse *pParse, u32 iRoot){
+  u32 sz = 0;
+  u32 nBlob;
+  assert( pParse->delta!=0 );
+  assert( pParse->nBlobAlloc >= pParse->nBlob );
+  nBlob = pParse->nBlob;
+  pParse->nBlob = pParse->nBlobAlloc;
+  (void)jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, iRoot, &sz);
+  pParse->nBlob = nBlob;
+  sz += pParse->delta;
+  pParse->delta += jsonBlobChangePayloadSize(pParse, iRoot, sz);
+}
+
+/*
+** Modify the JSONB blob at pParse->aBlob by removing nDel bytes of
+** content beginning at iDel, and replacing them with nIns bytes of
+** content given by aIns.
 **
-** Except, if an error occurs and pErrCtx==0 then return the JsonParse
-** object with JsonParse.nErr non-zero and the caller will own the JsonParse
-** object.  In that case, it will be the responsibility of the caller to
-** invoke jsonParseFree().  To summarize:
+** nDel may be zero, in which case no bytes are removed.  But iDel is
+** still important as new bytes will be insert beginning at iDel.
 **
-**   pErrCtx!=0 || p->nErr==0      ==>   Return value p is owned by the
-**                                       cache.  Call does not need to
-**                                       free it.
+** aIns may be zero, in which case space is created to hold nIns bytes
+** beginning at iDel, but that space is uninitialized.
 **
-**   pErrCtx==0 && p->nErr!=0      ==>   Return value is owned by the caller
-**                                       and so the caller must free it.
+** Set pParse->oom if an OOM occurs.
 */
-static JsonParse *jsonParseCached(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,         /* Context to use for cache search */
-  sqlite3_value *pJson,          /* Function param containing JSON text */
-  sqlite3_context *pErrCtx,      /* Write parse errors here if not NULL */
-  int bUnedited                  /* No prior edits allowed */
+static void jsonBlobEdit(
+  JsonParse *pParse,     /* The JSONB to be modified is in pParse->aBlob */
+  u32 iDel,              /* First byte to be removed */
+  u32 nDel,              /* Number of bytes to remove */
+  const u8 *aIns,        /* Content to insert */
+  u32 nIns               /* Bytes of content to insert */
 ){
-  char *zJson = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(pJson);
-  int nJson = sqlite3_value_bytes(pJson);
-  JsonParse *p;
-  JsonParse *pMatch = 0;
-  int iKey;
-  int iMinKey = 0;
-  u32 iMinHold = 0xffffffff;
-  u32 iMaxHold = 0;
-  int bJsonRCStr;
+  i64 d = (i64)nIns - (i64)nDel;
+  if( d!=0 ){
+    if( pParse->nBlob + d > pParse->nBlobAlloc ){
+      jsonBlobExpand(pParse, pParse->nBlob+d);
+      if( pParse->oom ) return;
+    }
+    memmove(&pParse->aBlob[iDel+nIns],
+            &pParse->aBlob[iDel+nDel],
+            pParse->nBlob - (iDel+nDel));
+    pParse->nBlob += d;
+    pParse->delta += d;
+  }
+  if( nIns && aIns ) memcpy(&pParse->aBlob[iDel], aIns, nIns);
+}
 
-  if( zJson==0 ) return 0;
-  for(iKey=0; iKey<JSON_CACHE_SZ; iKey++){
-    p = (JsonParse*)sqlite3_get_auxdata(pCtx, JSON_CACHE_ID+iKey);
-    if( p==0 ){
-      iMinKey = iKey;
-      break;
+/*
+** Return the number of escaped newlines to be ignored.
+** An escaped newline is a one of the following byte sequences:
+**
+**    0x5c 0x0a
+**    0x5c 0x0d
+**    0x5c 0x0d 0x0a
+**    0x5c 0xe2 0x80 0xa8
+**    0x5c 0xe2 0x80 0xa9
+*/
+static u32 jsonBytesToBypass(const char *z, u32 n){
+  u32 i = 0;
+  while( i+1<n ){
+    if( z[i]!='\\' ) return i;
+    if( z[i+1]=='\n' ){
+      i += 2;
+      continue;
     }
-    if( pMatch==0
-     && p->nJson==nJson
-     && (p->hasMod==0 || bUnedited==0)
-     && (p->zJson==zJson || memcmp(p->zJson,zJson,nJson)==0)
-    ){
-      p->nErr = 0;
-      p->useMod = 0;
-      pMatch = p;
-    }else
-    if( pMatch==0
-     && p->zAlt!=0
-     && bUnedited==0
-     && p->nAlt==nJson
-     && memcmp(p->zAlt, zJson, nJson)==0
-    ){
-      p->nErr = 0;
-      p->useMod = 1;
-      pMatch = p;
-    }else if( p->iHold<iMinHold ){
-      iMinHold = p->iHold;
-      iMinKey = iKey;
+    if( z[i+1]=='\r' ){
+      if( i+2<n && z[i+2]=='\n' ){
+        i += 3;
+      }else{
+        i += 2;
+      }
+      continue;
     }
-    if( p->iHold>iMaxHold ){
-      iMaxHold = p->iHold;
+    if( 0xe2==(u8)z[i+1]
+     && i+3<n
+     && 0x80==(u8)z[i+2]
+     && (0xa8==(u8)z[i+3] || 0xa9==(u8)z[i+3])
+    ){
+      i += 4;
+      continue;
     }
+    break;
   }
-  if( pMatch ){
-    /* The input JSON text was found in the cache.  Use the preexisting
-    ** parse of this JSON */
-    pMatch->nErr = 0;
-    pMatch->iHold = iMaxHold+1;
-    assert( pMatch->nJPRef>0 ); /* pMatch is owned by the cache */
-    return pMatch;
-  }
+  return i;
+}
 
-  /* The input JSON was not found anywhere in the cache.  We will need
-  ** to parse it ourselves and generate a new JsonParse object.
-  */
-  bJsonRCStr = sqlite3ValueIsOfClass(pJson,(void(*)(void*))sqlite3RCStrUnref);
-  p = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*p) + (bJsonRCStr ? 0 : nJson+1) );
-  if( p==0 ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
-    return 0;
+/*
+** Input z[0..n] defines JSON escape sequence including the leading '\\'.
+** Decode that escape sequence into a single character.  Write that
+** character into *piOut.  Return the number of bytes in the escape sequence.
+**
+** If there is a syntax error of some kind (for example too few characters
+** after the '\\' to complete the encoding) then *piOut is set to
+** JSON_INVALID_CHAR.
+*/
+static u32 jsonUnescapeOneChar(const char *z, u32 n, u32 *piOut){
+  assert( n>0 );
+  assert( z[0]=='\\' );
+  if( n<2 ){
+    *piOut = JSON_INVALID_CHAR;
+    return n;
   }
-  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
-  if( bJsonRCStr ){
-    p->zJson = sqlite3RCStrRef(zJson);
-    p->bJsonIsRCStr = 1;
-  }else{
-    p->zJson = (char*)&p[1];
-    memcpy(p->zJson, zJson, nJson+1);
+  switch( (u8)z[1] ){
+    case 'u': {
+      u32 v, vlo;
+      if( n<6 ){
+        *piOut = JSON_INVALID_CHAR;
+        return n;
+      }
+      v = jsonHexToInt4(&z[2]);
+      if( (v & 0xfc00)==0xd800
+       && n>=12
+       && z[6]=='\\'
+       && z[7]=='u'
+       && ((vlo = jsonHexToInt4(&z[8]))&0xfc00)==0xdc00
+      ){
+        *piOut = ((v&0x3ff)<<10) + (vlo&0x3ff) + 0x10000;
+        return 12;
+      }else{
+        *piOut = v;
+        return 6;
+      }
+    }
+    case 'b': {   *piOut = '\b';  return 2; }
+    case 'f': {   *piOut = '\f';  return 2; }
+    case 'n': {   *piOut = '\n';  return 2; }
+    case 'r': {   *piOut = '\r';  return 2; }
+    case 't': {   *piOut = '\t';  return 2; }
+    case 'v': {   *piOut = '\v';  return 2; }
+    case '0': {   *piOut = 0;     return 2; }
+    case '\'':
+    case '"':
+    case '/':
+    case '\\':{   *piOut = z[1];  return 2; }
+    case 'x': {
+      if( n<4 ){
+        *piOut = JSON_INVALID_CHAR;
+        return n;
+      }
+      *piOut = (jsonHexToInt(z[2])<<4) | jsonHexToInt(z[3]);
+      return 4;
+    }
+    case 0xe2:
+    case '\r':
+    case '\n': {
+      u32 nSkip = jsonBytesToBypass(z, n);
+      if( nSkip==0 ){
+        *piOut = JSON_INVALID_CHAR;
+        return n;
+      }else if( nSkip==n ){
+        *piOut = 0;
+        return n;
+      }else if( z[nSkip]=='\\' ){
+        return nSkip + jsonUnescapeOneChar(&z[nSkip], n-nSkip, piOut);
+      }else{
+        int sz = sqlite3Utf8ReadLimited((u8*)&z[nSkip], n-nSkip, piOut);
+        return nSkip + sz;
+      }
+    }
+    default: {
+      *piOut = JSON_INVALID_CHAR;
+      return 2;
+    }
   }
-  p->nJPRef = 1;
-  if( jsonParse(p, pErrCtx) ){
-    if( pErrCtx==0 ){
-      p->nErr = 1;
-      assert( p->nJPRef==1 ); /* Caller will own the new JsonParse object p */
-      return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Compare two object labels.  Return 1 if they are equal and
+** 0 if they differ.
+**
+** In this version, we know that one or the other or both of the
+** two comparands contains an escape sequence.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int jsonLabelCompareEscaped(
+  const char *zLeft,          /* The left label */
+  u32 nLeft,                  /* Size of the left label in bytes */
+  int rawLeft,                /* True if zLeft contains no escapes */
+  const char *zRight,         /* The right label */
+  u32 nRight,                 /* Size of the right label in bytes */
+  int rawRight                /* True if zRight is escape-free */
+){
+  u32 cLeft, cRight;
+  assert( rawLeft==0 || rawRight==0 );
+  while( 1 /*exit-by-return*/ ){
+    if( nLeft==0 ){
+      cLeft = 0;
+    }else if( rawLeft || zLeft[0]!='\\' ){
+      cLeft = ((u8*)zLeft)[0];
+      if( cLeft>=0xc0 ){
+        int sz = sqlite3Utf8ReadLimited((u8*)zLeft, nLeft, &cLeft);
+        zLeft += sz;
+        nLeft -= sz;
+      }else{
+        zLeft++;
+        nLeft--;
+      }
+    }else{
+      u32 n = jsonUnescapeOneChar(zLeft, nLeft, &cLeft);
+      zLeft += n;
+      assert( n<=nLeft );
+      nLeft -= n;
+    }
+    if( nRight==0 ){
+      cRight = 0;
+    }else if( rawRight || zRight[0]!='\\' ){
+      cRight = ((u8*)zRight)[0];
+      if( cRight>=0xc0 ){
+        int sz = sqlite3Utf8ReadLimited((u8*)zRight, nRight, &cRight);
+        zRight += sz;
+        nRight -= sz;
+      }else{
+        zRight++;
+        nRight--;
+      }
+    }else{
+      u32 n = jsonUnescapeOneChar(zRight, nRight, &cRight);
+      zRight += n;
+      assert( n<=nRight );
+      nRight -= n;
     }
-    jsonParseFree(p);
-    return 0;
+    if( cLeft!=cRight ) return 0;
+    if( cLeft==0 ) return 1;
   }
-  p->nJson = nJson;
-  p->iHold = iMaxHold+1;
-  /* Transfer ownership of the new JsonParse to the cache */
-  sqlite3_set_auxdata(pCtx, JSON_CACHE_ID+iMinKey, p,
-                      (void(*)(void*))jsonParseFree);
-  return (JsonParse*)sqlite3_get_auxdata(pCtx, JSON_CACHE_ID+iMinKey);
 }
 
 /*
-** Compare the OBJECT label at pNode against zKey,nKey.  Return true on
-** a match.
+** Compare two object labels.  Return 1 if they are equal and
+** 0 if they differ.  Return -1 if an OOM occurs.
 */
-static int jsonLabelCompare(const JsonNode *pNode, const char *zKey, u32 nKey){
-  assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-  if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
-    if( pNode->n!=nKey ) return 0;
-    return strncmp(pNode->u.zJContent, zKey, nKey)==0;
+static int jsonLabelCompare(
+  const char *zLeft,          /* The left label */
+  u32 nLeft,                  /* Size of the left label in bytes */
+  int rawLeft,                /* True if zLeft contains no escapes */
+  const char *zRight,         /* The right label */
+  u32 nRight,                 /* Size of the right label in bytes */
+  int rawRight                /* True if zRight is escape-free */
+){
+  if( rawLeft && rawRight ){
+    /* Simpliest case:  Neither label contains escapes.  A simple
+    ** memcmp() is sufficient. */
+    if( nLeft!=nRight ) return 0;
+    return memcmp(zLeft, zRight, nLeft)==0;
   }else{
-    if( pNode->n!=nKey+2 ) return 0;
-    return strncmp(pNode->u.zJContent+1, zKey, nKey)==0;
+    return jsonLabelCompareEscaped(zLeft, nLeft, rawLeft,
+                                   zRight, nRight, rawRight);
   }
 }
-static int jsonSameLabel(const JsonNode *p1, const JsonNode *p2){
-  if( p1->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
-    return jsonLabelCompare(p2, p1->u.zJContent, p1->n);
-  }else if( p2->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
-    return jsonLabelCompare(p1, p2->u.zJContent, p2->n);
+
+/*
+** Error returns from jsonLookupStep()
+*/
+#define JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR      0xffffffff
+#define JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND   0xfffffffe
+#define JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR  0xfffffffd
+#define JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(x) ((x)>=JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR)
+
+/* Forward declaration */
+static u32 jsonLookupStep(JsonParse*,u32,const char*,u32);
+
+
+/* This helper routine for jsonLookupStep() populates pIns with
+** binary data that is to be inserted into pParse.
+**
+** In the common case, pIns just points to pParse->aIns and pParse->nIns.
+** But if the zPath of the original edit operation includes path elements
+** that go deeper, additional substructure must be created.
+**
+** For example:
+**
+**     json_insert('{}', '$.a.b.c', 123);
+**
+** The search stops at '$.a'  But additional substructure must be
+** created for the ".b.c" part of the patch so that the final result
+** is:  {"a":{"b":{"c"::123}}}.  This routine populates pIns with
+** the binary equivalent of {"b":{"c":123}} so that it can be inserted.
+**
+** The caller is responsible for resetting pIns when it has finished
+** using the substructure.
+*/
+static u32 jsonCreateEditSubstructure(
+  JsonParse *pParse,  /* The original JSONB that is being edited */
+  JsonParse *pIns,    /* Populate this with the blob data to insert */
+  const char *zTail   /* Tail of the path that determins substructure */
+){
+  static const u8 emptyObject[] = { JSONB_ARRAY, JSONB_OBJECT };
+  int rc;
+  memset(pIns, 0, sizeof(*pIns));
+  pIns->db = pParse->db;
+  if( zTail[0]==0 ){
+    /* No substructure.  Just insert what is given in pParse. */
+    pIns->aBlob = pParse->aIns;
+    pIns->nBlob = pParse->nIns;
+    rc = 0;
   }else{
-    return p1->n==p2->n && strncmp(p1->u.zJContent,p2->u.zJContent,p1->n)==0;
+    /* Construct the binary substructure */
+    pIns->nBlob = 1;
+    pIns->aBlob = (u8*)&emptyObject[zTail[0]=='.'];
+    pIns->eEdit = pParse->eEdit;
+    pIns->nIns = pParse->nIns;
+    pIns->aIns = pParse->aIns;
+    rc = jsonLookupStep(pIns, 0, zTail, 0);
+    pParse->oom |= pIns->oom;
   }
+  return rc;  /* Error code only */
 }
 
-/* forward declaration */
-static JsonNode *jsonLookupAppend(JsonParse*,const char*,int*,const char**);
-
 /*
-** Search along zPath to find the node specified.  Return a pointer
-** to that node, or NULL if zPath is malformed or if there is no such
-** node.
+** Search along zPath to find the Json element specified.  Return an
+** index into pParse->aBlob[] for the start of that element's value.
+**
+** If the value found by this routine is the value half of label/value pair
+** within an object, then set pPath->iLabel to the start of the corresponding
+** label, before returning.
+**
+** Return one of the JSON_LOOKUP error codes if problems are seen.
 **
-** If pApnd!=0, then try to append new nodes to complete zPath if it is
-** possible to do so and if no existing node corresponds to zPath.  If
-** new nodes are appended *pApnd is set to 1.
+** This routine will also modify the blob.  If pParse->eEdit is one of
+** JEDIT_DEL, JEDIT_REPL, JEDIT_INS, or JEDIT_SET, then changes might be
+** made to the selected value.  If an edit is performed, then the return
+** value does not necessarily point to the select element.  If an edit
+** is performed, the return value is only useful for detecting error
+** conditions.
 */
-static JsonNode *jsonLookupStep(
+static u32 jsonLookupStep(
   JsonParse *pParse,      /* The JSON to search */
-  u32 iRoot,              /* Begin the search at this node */
+  u32 iRoot,              /* Begin the search at this element of aBlob[] */
   const char *zPath,      /* The path to search */
-  int *pApnd,             /* Append nodes to complete path if not NULL */
-  const char **pzErr      /* Make *pzErr point to any syntax error in zPath */
+  u32 iLabel              /* Label if iRoot is a value of in an object */
 ){
-  u32 i, j, nKey;
+  u32 i, j, k, nKey, sz, n, iEnd, rc;
   const char *zKey;
-  JsonNode *pRoot;
-  if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
-  pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
-  if( pRoot->jnFlags & (JNODE_REPLACE|JNODE_REMOVE) && pParse->useMod ){
-    while( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE)!=0 ){
-      u32 idx = (u32)(pRoot - pParse->aNode);
-      i = pParse->iSubst;
-      while( 1 /*exit-by-break*/ ){
-        assert( i<pParse->nNode );
-        assert( pParse->aNode[i].eType==JSON_SUBST );
-        assert( pParse->aNode[i].eU==4 );
-        assert( pParse->aNode[i].u.iPrev<i );
-        if( pParse->aNode[i].n==idx ){
-          pRoot = &pParse->aNode[i+1];
-          iRoot = i+1;
-          break;
-        }
-        i = pParse->aNode[i].u.iPrev;
+  u8 x;
+
+  if( zPath[0]==0 ){
+    if( pParse->eEdit && jsonBlobMakeEditable(pParse, pParse->nIns) ){
+      n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, iRoot, &sz);
+      sz += n;
+      if( pParse->eEdit==JEDIT_DEL ){
+        if( iLabel>0 ){
+          sz += iRoot - iLabel;
+          iRoot = iLabel;
+        }
+        jsonBlobEdit(pParse, iRoot, sz, 0, 0);
+      }else if( pParse->eEdit==JEDIT_INS ){
+        /* Already exists, so json_insert() is a no-op */
+      }else{
+        /* json_set() or json_replace() */
+        jsonBlobEdit(pParse, iRoot, sz, pParse->aIns, pParse->nIns);
       }
     }
-    if( pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE ){
-      return 0;
-    }
+    pParse->iLabel = iLabel;
+    return iRoot;
   }
-  if( zPath[0]==0 ) return pRoot;
   if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
-    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ) return 0;
+    int rawKey = 1;
+    x = pParse->aBlob[iRoot];
     zPath++;
     if( zPath[0]=='"' ){
       zKey = zPath + 1;
@@ -203288,250 +207714,705 @@ static JsonNode *jsonLookupStep(
       if( zPath[i] ){
         i++;
       }else{
-        *pzErr = zPath;
-        return 0;
+        return JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR;
       }
       testcase( nKey==0 );
+      rawKey = memchr(zKey, '\\', nKey)==0;
     }else{
       zKey = zPath;
       for(i=0; zPath[i] && zPath[i]!='.' && zPath[i]!='['; i++){}
       nKey = i;
       if( nKey==0 ){
-        *pzErr = zPath;
-        return 0;
-      }
-    }
-    j = 1;
-    for(;;){
-      while( j<=pRoot->n ){
-        if( jsonLabelCompare(pRoot+j, zKey, nKey) ){
-          return jsonLookupStep(pParse, iRoot+j+1, &zPath[i], pApnd, pzErr);
-        }
-        j++;
-        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
+        return JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR;
+      }
+    }
+    if( (x & 0x0f)!=JSONB_OBJECT ) return JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND;
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, iRoot, &sz);
+    j = iRoot + n;  /* j is the index of a label */
+    iEnd = j+sz;
+    while( j<iEnd ){
+      int rawLabel;
+      const char *zLabel;
+      x = pParse->aBlob[j] & 0x0f;
+      if( x<JSONB_TEXT || x>JSONB_TEXTRAW ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+      n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, j, &sz);
+      if( n==0 ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+      k = j+n;  /* k is the index of the label text */
+      if( k+sz>=iEnd ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+      zLabel = (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[k];
+      rawLabel = x==JSONB_TEXT || x==JSONB_TEXTRAW;
+      if( jsonLabelCompare(zKey, nKey, rawKey, zLabel, sz, rawLabel) ){
+        u32 v = k+sz;  /* v is the index of the value */
+        if( ((pParse->aBlob[v])&0x0f)>JSONB_OBJECT ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+        n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, v, &sz);
+        if( n==0 || v+n+sz>iEnd ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+        assert( j>0 );
+        rc = jsonLookupStep(pParse, v, &zPath[i], j);
+        if( pParse->delta ) jsonAfterEditSizeAdjust(pParse, iRoot);
+        return rc;
       }
-      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
-      if( pParse->useMod==0 ) break;
-      assert( pRoot->eU==2 );
-      iRoot = pRoot->u.iAppend;
-      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
-      j = 1;
-    }
-    if( pApnd ){
-      u32 iStart, iLabel;
-      JsonNode *pNode;
-      assert( pParse->useMod );
-      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 2, 0);
-      iLabel = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, nKey, zKey);
-      zPath += i;
-      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
-      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
-      if( pNode ){
-        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
-        assert( pRoot->eU==0 );
-        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart;
-        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
-        VVA( pRoot->eU = 2 );
-        pParse->aNode[iLabel].jnFlags |= JNODE_RAW;
-      }
-      return pNode;
+      j = k+sz;
+      if( ((pParse->aBlob[j])&0x0f)>JSONB_OBJECT ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+      n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, j, &sz);
+      if( n==0 ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+      j += n+sz;
+    }
+    if( j>iEnd ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+    if( pParse->eEdit>=JEDIT_INS ){
+      u32 nIns;          /* Total bytes to insert (label+value) */
+      JsonParse v;       /* BLOB encoding of the value to be inserted */
+      JsonParse ix;      /* Header of the label to be inserted */
+      testcase( pParse->eEdit==JEDIT_INS );
+      testcase( pParse->eEdit==JEDIT_SET );
+      memset(&ix, 0, sizeof(ix));
+      ix.db = pParse->db;
+      jsonBlobAppendNode(&ix, rawKey?JSONB_TEXTRAW:JSONB_TEXT5, nKey, 0);
+      pParse->oom |= ix.oom;
+      rc = jsonCreateEditSubstructure(pParse, &v, &zPath[i]);
+      if( !JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(rc)
+       && jsonBlobMakeEditable(pParse, ix.nBlob+nKey+v.nBlob)
+      ){
+        assert( !pParse->oom );
+        nIns = ix.nBlob + nKey + v.nBlob;
+        jsonBlobEdit(pParse, j, 0, 0, nIns);
+        if( !pParse->oom ){
+          assert( pParse->aBlob!=0 ); /* Because pParse->oom!=0 */
+          assert( ix.aBlob!=0 );      /* Because pPasre->oom!=0 */
+          memcpy(&pParse->aBlob[j], ix.aBlob, ix.nBlob);
+          k = j + ix.nBlob;
+          memcpy(&pParse->aBlob[k], zKey, nKey);
+          k += nKey;
+          memcpy(&pParse->aBlob[k], v.aBlob, v.nBlob);
+          if( ALWAYS(pParse->delta) ) jsonAfterEditSizeAdjust(pParse, iRoot);
+        }
+      }
+      jsonParseReset(&v);
+      jsonParseReset(&ix);
+      return rc;
     }
   }else if( zPath[0]=='[' ){
-    i = 0;
-    j = 1;
-    while( sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[j]) ){
-      i = i*10 + zPath[j] - '0';
-      j++;
+    x = pParse->aBlob[iRoot] & 0x0f;
+    if( x!=JSONB_ARRAY )  return JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND;
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, iRoot, &sz);
+    k = 0;
+    i = 1;
+    while( sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[i]) ){
+      k = k*10 + zPath[i] - '0';
+      i++;
     }
-    if( j<2 || zPath[j]!=']' ){
+    if( i<2 || zPath[i]!=']' ){
       if( zPath[1]=='#' ){
-        JsonNode *pBase = pRoot;
-        int iBase = iRoot;
-        if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
-        for(;;){
-          while( j<=pBase->n ){
-            if( (pBase[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 || pParse->useMod==0 ) i++;
-            j += jsonNodeSize(&pBase[j]);
-          }
-          if( (pBase->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
-          if( pParse->useMod==0 ) break;
-          assert( pBase->eU==2 );
-          iBase = pBase->u.iAppend;
-          pBase = &pParse->aNode[iBase];
-          j = 1;
-        }
-        j = 2;
+        k = jsonbArrayCount(pParse, iRoot);
+        i = 2;
         if( zPath[2]=='-' && sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[3]) ){
-          unsigned int x = 0;
-          j = 3;
+          unsigned int nn = 0;
+          i = 3;
           do{
-            x = x*10 + zPath[j] - '0';
-            j++;
-          }while( sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[j]) );
-          if( x>i ) return 0;
-          i -= x;
+            nn = nn*10 + zPath[i] - '0';
+            i++;
+          }while( sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[i]) );
+          if( nn>k ) return JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND;
+          k -= nn;
         }
-        if( zPath[j]!=']' ){
-          *pzErr = zPath;
-          return 0;
+        if( zPath[i]!=']' ){
+          return JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR;
         }
       }else{
-        *pzErr = zPath;
-        return 0;
+        return JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR;
       }
     }
-    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
-    zPath += j + 1;
-    j = 1;
-    for(;;){
-      while( j<=pRoot->n
-         && (i>0 || ((pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)!=0 && pParse->useMod))
+    j = iRoot+n;
+    iEnd = j+sz;
+    while( j<iEnd ){
+      if( k==0 ){
+        rc = jsonLookupStep(pParse, j, &zPath[i+1], 0);
+        if( pParse->delta ) jsonAfterEditSizeAdjust(pParse, iRoot);
+        return rc;
+      }
+      k--;
+      n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, j, &sz);
+      if( n==0 ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+      j += n+sz;
+    }
+    if( j>iEnd ) return JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR;
+    if( k>0 ) return JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND;
+    if( pParse->eEdit>=JEDIT_INS ){
+      JsonParse v;
+      testcase( pParse->eEdit==JEDIT_INS );
+      testcase( pParse->eEdit==JEDIT_SET );
+      rc = jsonCreateEditSubstructure(pParse, &v, &zPath[i+1]);
+      if( !JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(rc)
+       && jsonBlobMakeEditable(pParse, v.nBlob)
       ){
-        if( (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 || pParse->useMod==0 ) i--;
-        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
-      }
-      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
-      if( pParse->useMod==0 ) break;
-      assert( pRoot->eU==2 );
-      iRoot = pRoot->u.iAppend;
-      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
-      j = 1;
-    }
-    if( j<=pRoot->n ){
-      return jsonLookupStep(pParse, iRoot+j, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
-    }
-    if( i==0 && pApnd ){
-      u32 iStart;
-      JsonNode *pNode;
-      assert( pParse->useMod );
-      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 1, 0);
-      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
-      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
-      if( pNode ){
-        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
-        assert( pRoot->eU==0 );
-        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart;
-        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
-        VVA( pRoot->eU = 2 );
+        assert( !pParse->oom );
+        jsonBlobEdit(pParse, j, 0, v.aBlob, v.nBlob);
       }
-      return pNode;
+      jsonParseReset(&v);
+      if( pParse->delta ) jsonAfterEditSizeAdjust(pParse, iRoot);
+      return rc;
     }
   }else{
-    *pzErr = zPath;
+    return JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR;
   }
-  return 0;
+  return JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND;
 }
 
 /*
-** Append content to pParse that will complete zPath.  Return a pointer
-** to the inserted node, or return NULL if the append fails.
+** Convert a JSON BLOB into text and make that text the return value
+** of an SQL function.
 */
-static JsonNode *jsonLookupAppend(
-  JsonParse *pParse,     /* Append content to the JSON parse */
-  const char *zPath,     /* Description of content to append */
-  int *pApnd,            /* Set this flag to 1 */
-  const char **pzErr     /* Make this point to any syntax error */
+static void jsonReturnTextJsonFromBlob(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
+  const u8 *aBlob,
+  u32 nBlob
 ){
-  *pApnd = 1;
-  if( zPath[0]==0 ){
-    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
-    return pParse->oom ? 0 : &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1];
-  }
-  if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
-    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
-  }else if( strncmp(zPath,"[0]",3)==0 ){
-    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
-  }else{
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
-  return jsonLookupStep(pParse, pParse->nNode-1, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
+  JsonParse x;
+  JsonString s;
+
+  if( NEVER(aBlob==0) ) return;
+  memset(&x, 0, sizeof(x));
+  x.aBlob = (u8*)aBlob;
+  x.nBlob = nBlob;
+  jsonStringInit(&s, ctx);
+  jsonTranslateBlobToText(&x, 0, &s);
+  jsonReturnString(&s, 0, 0);
 }
 
+
 /*
-** Return the text of a syntax error message on a JSON path.  Space is
-** obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
+** Return the value of the BLOB node at index i.
+**
+** If the value is a primitive, return it as an SQL value.
+** If the value is an array or object, return it as either
+** JSON text or the BLOB encoding, depending on the JSON_B flag
+** on the userdata.
 */
-static char *jsonPathSyntaxError(const char *zErr){
-  return sqlite3_mprintf("JSON path error near '%q'", zErr);
+static void jsonReturnFromBlob(
+  JsonParse *pParse,          /* Complete JSON parse tree */
+  u32 i,                      /* Index of the node */
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Return value for this function */
+  int textOnly                /* return text JSON.  Disregard user-data */
+){
+  u32 n, sz;
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx);
+
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, i, &sz);
+  if( n==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+    return;
+  }
+  switch( pParse->aBlob[i] & 0x0f ){
+    case JSONB_NULL: {
+      if( sz ) goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+      sqlite3_result_null(pCtx);
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TRUE: {
+      if( sz ) goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_FALSE: {
+      if( sz ) goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_INT5:
+    case JSONB_INT: {
+      sqlite3_int64 iRes = 0;
+      char *z;
+      int bNeg = 0;
+      char x;
+      if( sz==0 ) goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+      x = (char)pParse->aBlob[i+n];
+      if( x=='-' ){
+        if( sz<2 ) goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+        n++;
+        sz--;
+        bNeg = 1;
+      }
+      z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n], (int)sz);
+      if( z==0 ) goto returnfromblob_oom;
+      rc = sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &iRes);
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
+      if( rc==0 ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, bNeg ? -iRes : iRes);
+      }else if( rc==3 && bNeg ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, SMALLEST_INT64);
+      }else if( rc==1 ){
+        goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+      }else{
+        if( bNeg ){ n--; sz++; }
+        goto to_double;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_FLOAT5:
+    case JSONB_FLOAT: {
+      double r;
+      char *z;
+      if( sz==0 ) goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+    to_double:
+      z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n], (int)sz);
+      if( z==0 ) goto returnfromblob_oom;
+      rc = sqlite3AtoF(z, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(z), SQLITE_UTF8);
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
+      if( rc<=0 ) goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+      sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, r);
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TEXTRAW:
+    case JSONB_TEXT: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, (char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n], sz,
+                          SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_TEXT5:
+    case JSONB_TEXTJ: {
+      /* Translate JSON formatted string into raw text */
+      u32 iIn, iOut;
+      const char *z;
+      char *zOut;
+      u32 nOut = sz;
+      z = (const char*)&pParse->aBlob[i+n];
+      zOut = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, nOut+1);
+      if( zOut==0 ) goto returnfromblob_oom;
+      for(iIn=iOut=0; iIn<sz; iIn++){
+        char c = z[iIn];
+        if( c=='\\' ){
+          u32 v;
+          u32 szEscape = jsonUnescapeOneChar(&z[iIn], sz-iIn, &v);
+          if( v<=0x7f ){
+            zOut[iOut++] = (char)v;
+          }else if( v<=0x7ff ){
+            assert( szEscape>=2 );
+            zOut[iOut++] = (char)(0xc0 | (v>>6));
+            zOut[iOut++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
+          }else if( v<0x10000 ){
+            assert( szEscape>=3 );
+            zOut[iOut++] = 0xe0 | (v>>12);
+            zOut[iOut++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
+            zOut[iOut++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
+          }else if( v==JSON_INVALID_CHAR ){
+            /* Silently ignore illegal unicode */
+          }else{
+            assert( szEscape>=4 );
+            zOut[iOut++] = 0xf0 | (v>>18);
+            zOut[iOut++] = 0x80 | ((v>>12)&0x3f);
+            zOut[iOut++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
+            zOut[iOut++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
+          }
+          iIn += szEscape - 1;
+        }else{
+          zOut[iOut++] = c;
+        }
+      } /* end for() */
+      assert( iOut<=nOut );
+      zOut[iOut] = 0;
+      sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, zOut, iOut, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
+      break;
+    }
+    case JSONB_ARRAY:
+    case JSONB_OBJECT: {
+      int flags = textOnly ? 0 : SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(pCtx));
+      if( flags & JSON_BLOB ){
+        sqlite3_result_blob(pCtx, &pParse->aBlob[i], sz+n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }else{
+        jsonReturnTextJsonFromBlob(pCtx, &pParse->aBlob[i], sz+n);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      goto returnfromblob_malformed;
+    }
+  }
+  return;
+
+returnfromblob_oom:
+  sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
+  return;
+
+returnfromblob_malformed:
+  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+  return;
 }
 
 /*
-** Do a node lookup using zPath.  Return a pointer to the node on success.
-** Return NULL if not found or if there is an error.
+** pArg is a function argument that might be an SQL value or a JSON
+** value.  Figure out what it is and encode it as a JSONB blob.
+** Return the results in pParse.
 **
-** On an error, write an error message into pCtx and increment the
-** pParse->nErr counter.
+** pParse is uninitialized upon entry.  This routine will handle the
+** initialization of pParse.  The result will be contained in
+** pParse->aBlob and pParse->nBlob.  pParse->aBlob might be dynamically
+** allocated (if pParse->nBlobAlloc is greater than zero) in which case
+** the caller is responsible for freeing the space allocated to pParse->aBlob
+** when it has finished with it.  Or pParse->aBlob might be a static string
+** or a value obtained from sqlite3_value_blob(pArg).
 **
-** If pApnd!=NULL then try to append missing nodes and set *pApnd = 1 if
-** nodes are appended.
+** If the argument is a BLOB that is clearly not a JSONB, then this
+** function might set an error message in ctx and return non-zero.
+** It might also set an error message and return non-zero on an OOM error.
 */
-static JsonNode *jsonLookup(
-  JsonParse *pParse,      /* The JSON to search */
-  const char *zPath,      /* The path to search */
-  int *pApnd,             /* Append nodes to complete path if not NULL */
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx   /* Report errors here, if not NULL */
-){
-  const char *zErr = 0;
-  JsonNode *pNode = 0;
-  char *zMsg;
-
-  if( zPath==0 ) return 0;
-  if( zPath[0]!='$' ){
-    zErr = zPath;
-    goto lookup_err;
+static int jsonFunctionArgToBlob(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
+  sqlite3_value *pArg,
+  JsonParse *pParse
+){
+  int eType = sqlite3_value_type(pArg);
+  static u8 aNull[] = { 0x00 };
+  memset(pParse, 0, sizeof(pParse[0]));
+  pParse->db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx);
+  switch( eType ){
+    default: {
+      pParse->aBlob = aNull;
+      pParse->nBlob = 1;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_BLOB: {
+      if( jsonFuncArgMightBeBinary(pArg) ){
+        pParse->aBlob = (u8*)sqlite3_value_blob(pArg);
+        pParse->nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(pArg);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "JSON cannot hold BLOB values", -1);
+        return 1;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
+      const char *zJson = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pArg);
+      int nJson = sqlite3_value_bytes(pArg);
+      if( zJson==0 ) return 1;
+      if( sqlite3_value_subtype(pArg)==JSON_SUBTYPE ){
+        pParse->zJson = (char*)zJson;
+        pParse->nJson = nJson;
+        if( jsonConvertTextToBlob(pParse, ctx) ){
+          sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+          sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, pParse->aBlob);
+          memset(pParse, 0, sizeof(pParse[0]));
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }else{
+        jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_TEXTRAW, nJson, zJson);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
+      double r = sqlite3_value_double(pArg);
+      if( NEVER(sqlite3IsNaN(r)) ){
+        jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_NULL, 0, 0);
+      }else{
+        int n = sqlite3_value_bytes(pArg);
+        const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pArg);
+        if( z==0 ) return 1;
+        if( z[0]=='I' ){
+          jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_FLOAT, 5, "9e999");
+        }else if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='I' ){
+          jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_FLOAT, 6, "-9e999");
+        }else{
+          jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_FLOAT, n, z);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
+      int n = sqlite3_value_bytes(pArg);
+      const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pArg);
+      if( z==0 ) return 1;
+      jsonBlobAppendNode(pParse, JSONB_INT, n, z);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if( pParse->oom ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+    return 1;
+  }else{
+    return 0;
   }
-  zPath++;
-  pNode = jsonLookupStep(pParse, 0, zPath, pApnd, &zErr);
-  if( zErr==0 ) return pNode;
+}
 
-lookup_err:
-  pParse->nErr++;
-  assert( zErr!=0 && pCtx!=0 );
-  zMsg = jsonPathSyntaxError(zErr);
+/*
+** Generate a bad path error.
+**
+** If ctx is not NULL then push the error message into ctx and return NULL.
+** If ctx is NULL, then return the text of the error message.
+*/
+static char *jsonBadPathError(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,     /* The function call containing the error */
+  const char *zPath         /* The path with the problem */
+){
+  char *zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("bad JSON path: %Q", zPath);
+  if( ctx==0 ) return zMsg;
   if( zMsg ){
-    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
+    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, zMsg, -1);
     sqlite3_free(zMsg);
   }else{
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
+/* argv[0] is a BLOB that seems likely to be a JSONB.  Subsequent
+** arguments come in parse where each pair contains a JSON path and
+** content to insert or set at that patch.  Do the updates
+** and return the result.
+**
+** The specific operation is determined by eEdit, which can be one
+** of JEDIT_INS, JEDIT_REPL, or JEDIT_SET.
+*/
+static void jsonInsertIntoBlob(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv,
+  int eEdit                /* JEDIT_INS, JEDIT_REPL, or JEDIT_SET */
+){
+  int i;
+  u32 rc = 0;
+  const char *zPath = 0;
+  int flgs;
+  JsonParse *p;
+  JsonParse ax;
+
+  assert( (argc&1)==1 );
+  flgs = argc==1 ? 0 : JSON_EDITABLE;
+  p = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], flgs);
+  if( p==0 ) return;
+  for(i=1; i<argc-1; i+=2){
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])==SQLITE_NULL ) continue;
+    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
+    if( zPath==0 ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+      jsonParseFree(p);
+      return;
+    }
+    if( zPath[0]!='$' ) goto jsonInsertIntoBlob_patherror;
+    if( jsonFunctionArgToBlob(ctx, argv[i+1], &ax) ){
+      jsonParseReset(&ax);
+      jsonParseFree(p);
+      return;
+    }
+    if( zPath[1]==0 ){
+      if( eEdit==JEDIT_REPL || eEdit==JEDIT_SET ){
+        jsonBlobEdit(p, 0, p->nBlob, ax.aBlob, ax.nBlob);
+      }
+      rc = 0;
+   }else{
+      p->eEdit = eEdit;
+      p->nIns = ax.nBlob;
+      p->aIns = ax.aBlob;
+      p->delta = 0;
+      rc = jsonLookupStep(p, 0, zPath+1, 0);
+    }
+    jsonParseReset(&ax);
+    if( rc==JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND ) continue;
+    if( JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(rc) ) goto jsonInsertIntoBlob_patherror;
+  }
+  jsonReturnParse(ctx, p);
+  jsonParseFree(p);
+  return;
+
+jsonInsertIntoBlob_patherror:
+  jsonParseFree(p);
+  if( rc==JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+  }else{
+    jsonBadPathError(ctx, zPath);
+  }
+  return;
+}
 
 /*
-** Report the wrong number of arguments for json_insert(), json_replace()
-** or json_set().
+** If pArg is a blob that seems like a JSONB blob, then initialize
+** p to point to that JSONB and return TRUE.  If pArg does not seem like
+** a JSONB blob, then return FALSE;
+**
+** This routine is only called if it is already known that pArg is a
+** blob.  The only open question is whether or not the blob appears
+** to be a JSONB blob.
 */
-static void jsonWrongNumArgs(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
-  const char *zFuncName
-){
-  char *zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("json_%s() needs an odd number of arguments",
-                               zFuncName);
-  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
-  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+static int jsonArgIsJsonb(sqlite3_value *pArg, JsonParse *p){
+  u32 n, sz = 0;
+  p->aBlob = (u8*)sqlite3_value_blob(pArg);
+  p->nBlob = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(pArg);
+  if( p->nBlob==0 ){
+    p->aBlob = 0;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if( NEVER(p->aBlob==0) ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if( (p->aBlob[0] & 0x0f)<=JSONB_OBJECT
+   && (n = jsonbPayloadSize(p, 0, &sz))>0
+   && sz+n==p->nBlob
+   && ((p->aBlob[0] & 0x0f)>JSONB_FALSE || sz==0)
+  ){
+    return 1;
+  }
+  p->aBlob = 0;
+  p->nBlob = 0;
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /*
-** Mark all NULL entries in the Object passed in as JNODE_REMOVE.
+** Generate a JsonParse object, containing valid JSONB in aBlob and nBlob,
+** from the SQL function argument pArg.  Return a pointer to the new
+** JsonParse object.
+**
+** Ownership of the new JsonParse object is passed to the caller.  The
+** caller should invoke jsonParseFree() on the return value when it
+** has finished using it.
+**
+** If any errors are detected, an appropriate error messages is set
+** using sqlite3_result_error() or the equivalent and this routine
+** returns NULL.  This routine also returns NULL if the pArg argument
+** is an SQL NULL value, but no error message is set in that case.  This
+** is so that SQL functions that are given NULL arguments will return
+** a NULL value.
 */
-static void jsonRemoveAllNulls(JsonNode *pNode){
-  int i, n;
-  assert( pNode->eType==JSON_OBJECT );
-  n = pNode->n;
-  for(i=2; i<=n; i += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[i])+1){
-    switch( pNode[i].eType ){
-      case JSON_NULL:
-        pNode[i].jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
-        break;
-      case JSON_OBJECT:
-        jsonRemoveAllNulls(&pNode[i]);
-        break;
+static JsonParse *jsonParseFuncArg(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
+  sqlite3_value *pArg,
+  u32 flgs
+){
+  int eType;                   /* Datatype of pArg */
+  JsonParse *p = 0;            /* Value to be returned */
+  JsonParse *pFromCache = 0;   /* Value taken from cache */
+  sqlite3 *db;                 /* The database connection */
+
+  assert( ctx!=0 );
+  eType = sqlite3_value_type(pArg);
+  if( eType==SQLITE_NULL ){
+    return 0;
+  }
+  pFromCache = jsonCacheSearch(ctx, pArg);
+  if( pFromCache ){
+    pFromCache->nJPRef++;
+    if( (flgs & JSON_EDITABLE)==0 ){
+      return pFromCache;
+    }
+  }
+  db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx);
+rebuild_from_cache:
+  p = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*p));
+  if( p==0 ) goto json_pfa_oom;
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
+  p->db = db;
+  p->nJPRef = 1;
+  if( pFromCache!=0 ){
+    u32 nBlob = pFromCache->nBlob;
+    p->aBlob = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, nBlob);
+    if( p->aBlob==0 ) goto json_pfa_oom;
+    memcpy(p->aBlob, pFromCache->aBlob, nBlob);
+    p->nBlobAlloc = p->nBlob = nBlob;
+    p->hasNonstd = pFromCache->hasNonstd;
+    jsonParseFree(pFromCache);
+    return p;
+  }
+  if( eType==SQLITE_BLOB ){
+    if( jsonArgIsJsonb(pArg,p) ){
+      if( (flgs & JSON_EDITABLE)!=0 && jsonBlobMakeEditable(p, 0)==0 ){
+        goto json_pfa_oom;
+      }
+      return p;
+    }
+    /* If the blob is not valid JSONB, fall through into trying to cast
+    ** the blob into text which is then interpreted as JSON.  (tag-20240123-a)
+    **
+    ** This goes against all historical documentation about how the SQLite
+    ** JSON functions were suppose to work.  From the beginning, blob was
+    ** reserved for expansion and a blob value should have raised an error.
+    ** But it did not, due to a bug.  And many applications came to depend
+    ** upon this buggy behavior, espeically when using the CLI and reading
+    ** JSON text using readfile(), which returns a blob.  For this reason
+    ** we will continue to support the bug moving forward.
+    ** See for example https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/012136abd5292b8d
+    */
+  }
+  p->zJson = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(pArg);
+  p->nJson = sqlite3_value_bytes(pArg);
+  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto json_pfa_oom;
+  if( p->nJson==0 ) goto json_pfa_malformed;
+  assert( p->zJson!=0 );
+  if( jsonConvertTextToBlob(p, (flgs & JSON_KEEPERROR) ? 0 : ctx) ){
+    if( flgs & JSON_KEEPERROR ){
+      p->nErr = 1;
+      return p;
+    }else{
+      jsonParseFree(p);
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }else{
+    int isRCStr = sqlite3ValueIsOfClass(pArg, sqlite3RCStrUnref);
+    int rc;
+    if( !isRCStr ){
+      char *zNew = sqlite3RCStrNew( p->nJson );
+      if( zNew==0 ) goto json_pfa_oom;
+      memcpy(zNew, p->zJson, p->nJson);
+      p->zJson = zNew;
+      p->zJson[p->nJson] = 0;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3RCStrRef(p->zJson);
+    }
+    p->bJsonIsRCStr = 1;
+    rc = jsonCacheInsert(ctx, p);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) goto json_pfa_oom;
+    if( flgs & JSON_EDITABLE ){
+      pFromCache = p;
+      p = 0;
+      goto rebuild_from_cache;
     }
   }
+  return p;
+
+json_pfa_malformed:
+  if( flgs & JSON_KEEPERROR ){
+    p->nErr = 1;
+    return p;
+  }else{
+    jsonParseFree(p);
+    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+json_pfa_oom:
+  jsonParseFree(pFromCache);
+  jsonParseFree(p);
+  sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+  return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** Make the return value of a JSON function either the raw JSONB blob
+** or make it JSON text, depending on whether the JSON_BLOB flag is
+** set on the function.
+*/
+static void jsonReturnParse(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
+  JsonParse *p
+){
+  int flgs;
+  if( p->oom ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+    return;
+  }
+  flgs = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(ctx));
+  if( flgs & JSON_BLOB ){
+    if( p->nBlobAlloc>0 && !p->bReadOnly ){
+      sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, p->aBlob, p->nBlob, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
+      p->nBlobAlloc = 0;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, p->aBlob, p->nBlob, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    }
+  }else{
+    JsonString s;
+    jsonStringInit(&s, ctx);
+    p->delta = 0;
+    jsonTranslateBlobToText(p, 0, &s);
+    jsonReturnString(&s, p, ctx);
+    sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
+  }
+}
 
 /****************************************************************************
 ** SQL functions used for testing and debugging
@@ -203539,63 +208420,124 @@ static void jsonRemoveAllNulls(JsonNode *pNode){
 
 #if SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
-** Print N node entries.
-*/
-static void jsonDebugPrintNodeEntries(
-  JsonNode *aNode,  /* First node entry to print */
-  int N             /* Number of node entries to print */
-){
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i<N; i++){
-    const char *zType;
-    if( aNode[i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ){
-      zType = "label";
-    }else{
-      zType = jsonType[aNode[i].eType];
+** Decode JSONB bytes in aBlob[] starting at iStart through but not
+** including iEnd.  Indent the
+** content by nIndent spaces.
+*/
+static void jsonDebugPrintBlob(
+  JsonParse *pParse, /* JSON content */
+  u32 iStart,        /* Start rendering here */
+  u32 iEnd,          /* Do not render this byte or any byte after this one */
+  int nIndent,       /* Indent by this many spaces */
+  sqlite3_str *pOut  /* Generate output into this sqlite3_str object */
+){
+  while( iStart<iEnd ){
+    u32 i, n, nn, sz = 0;
+    int showContent = 1;
+    u8 x = pParse->aBlob[iStart] & 0x0f;
+    u32 savedNBlob = pParse->nBlob;
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut, "%5d:%*s", iStart, nIndent, "");
+    if( pParse->nBlobAlloc>pParse->nBlob ){
+      pParse->nBlob = pParse->nBlobAlloc;
+    }
+    nn = n = jsonbPayloadSize(pParse, iStart, &sz);
+    if( nn==0 ) nn = 1;
+    if( sz>0 && x<JSONB_ARRAY ){
+      nn += sz;
+    }
+    for(i=0; i<nn; i++){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut, " %02x", pParse->aBlob[iStart+i]);
     }
-    printf("node %4u: %-7s n=%-5d", i, zType, aNode[i].n);
-    if( (aNode[i].jnFlags & ~JNODE_LABEL)!=0 ){
-      u8 f = aNode[i].jnFlags;
-      if( f & JNODE_RAW )     printf(" RAW");
-      if( f & JNODE_ESCAPE )  printf(" ESCAPE");
-      if( f & JNODE_REMOVE )  printf(" REMOVE");
-      if( f & JNODE_REPLACE ) printf(" REPLACE");
-      if( f & JNODE_APPEND )  printf(" APPEND");
-      if( f & JNODE_JSON5 )   printf(" JSON5");
+    if( n==0 ){
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut, "   ERROR invalid node size\n");
+      iStart = n==0 ? iStart+1 : iEnd;
+      continue;
+    }
+    pParse->nBlob = savedNBlob;
+    if( iStart+n+sz>iEnd ){
+      iEnd = iStart+n+sz;
+      if( iEnd>pParse->nBlob ){
+        if( pParse->nBlobAlloc>0 && iEnd>pParse->nBlobAlloc ){
+          iEnd = pParse->nBlobAlloc;
+        }else{
+          iEnd = pParse->nBlob;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"  <-- ");
+    switch( x ){
+      case JSONB_NULL:     sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"null"); break;
+      case JSONB_TRUE:     sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"true"); break;
+      case JSONB_FALSE:    sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"false"); break;
+      case JSONB_INT:      sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"int"); break;
+      case JSONB_INT5:     sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"int5"); break;
+      case JSONB_FLOAT:    sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"float"); break;
+      case JSONB_FLOAT5:   sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"float5"); break;
+      case JSONB_TEXT:     sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"text"); break;
+      case JSONB_TEXTJ:    sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"textj"); break;
+      case JSONB_TEXT5:    sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"text5"); break;
+      case JSONB_TEXTRAW:  sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut,"textraw"); break;
+      case JSONB_ARRAY: {
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut,"array, %u bytes\n", sz);
+        jsonDebugPrintBlob(pParse, iStart+n, iStart+n+sz, nIndent+2, pOut);
+        showContent = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      case JSONB_OBJECT: {
+        sqlite3_str_appendf(pOut, "object, %u bytes\n", sz);
+        jsonDebugPrintBlob(pParse, iStart+n, iStart+n+sz, nIndent+2, pOut);
+        showContent = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut, "ERROR: unknown node type\n");
+        showContent = 0;
+        break;
+      }
     }
-    switch( aNode[i].eU ){
-      case 1:  printf(" zJContent=[%.*s]\n",
-                      aNode[i].n, aNode[i].u.zJContent);           break;
-      case 2:  printf(" iAppend=%u\n", aNode[i].u.iAppend);        break;
-      case 3:  printf(" iKey=%u\n", aNode[i].u.iKey);              break;
-      case 4:  printf(" iPrev=%u\n", aNode[i].u.iPrev);            break;
-      default: printf("\n");
+    if( showContent ){
+      if( sz==0 && x<=JSONB_FALSE ){
+        sqlite3_str_append(pOut, "\n", 1);
+      }else{
+        u32 j;
+        sqlite3_str_appendall(pOut, ": \"");
+        for(j=iStart+n; j<iStart+n+sz; j++){
+          u8 c = pParse->aBlob[j];
+          if( c<0x20 || c>=0x7f ) c = '.';
+          sqlite3_str_append(pOut, (char*)&c, 1);
+        }
+        sqlite3_str_append(pOut, "\"\n", 2);
+      }
     }
+    iStart += n + sz;
   }
 }
-#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
-
-
-#if 0  /* 1 for debugging.  0 normally.  Requires -DSQLITE_DEBUG too */
-static void jsonDebugPrintParse(JsonParse *p){
-  jsonDebugPrintNodeEntries(p->aNode, p->nNode);
-}
-static void jsonDebugPrintNode(JsonNode *pNode){
-  jsonDebugPrintNodeEntries(pNode, jsonNodeSize(pNode));
+static void jsonShowParse(JsonParse *pParse){
+  sqlite3_str out;
+  char zBuf[1000];
+  if( pParse==0 ){
+    printf("NULL pointer\n");
+    return;
+  }else{
+    printf("nBlobAlloc = %u\n", pParse->nBlobAlloc);
+    printf("nBlob = %u\n", pParse->nBlob);
+    printf("delta = %d\n", pParse->delta);
+    if( pParse->nBlob==0 ) return;
+    printf("content (bytes 0..%u):\n", pParse->nBlob-1);
+  }
+  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&out, 0, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 1000000);
+  jsonDebugPrintBlob(pParse, 0, pParse->nBlob, 0, &out);
+  printf("%s", sqlite3_str_value(&out));
+  sqlite3_str_reset(&out);
 }
-#else
-   /* The usual case */
-# define jsonDebugPrintNode(X)
-# define jsonDebugPrintParse(X)
-#endif
+#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 /*
 ** SQL function:   json_parse(JSON)
 **
-** Parse JSON using jsonParseCached().  Then print a dump of that
-** parse on standard output.  Return the mimified JSON result, just
-** like the json() function.
+** Parse JSON using jsonParseFuncArg().  Return text that is a
+** human-readable dump of the binary JSONB for the input parameter.
 */
 static void jsonParseFunc(
   sqlite3_context *ctx,
@@ -203603,38 +208545,20 @@ static void jsonParseFunc(
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   JsonParse *p;        /* The parse */
+  sqlite3_str out;
 
-  assert( argc==1 );
-  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], ctx, 0);
+  assert( argc>=1 );
+  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&out, 0, 0, 0, 1000000);
+  p = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], 0);
   if( p==0 ) return;
-  printf("nNode     = %u\n", p->nNode);
-  printf("nAlloc    = %u\n", p->nAlloc);
-  printf("nJson     = %d\n", p->nJson);
-  printf("nAlt      = %d\n", p->nAlt);
-  printf("nErr      = %u\n", p->nErr);
-  printf("oom       = %u\n", p->oom);
-  printf("hasNonstd = %u\n", p->hasNonstd);
-  printf("useMod    = %u\n", p->useMod);
-  printf("hasMod    = %u\n", p->hasMod);
-  printf("nJPRef    = %u\n", p->nJPRef);
-  printf("iSubst    = %u\n", p->iSubst);
-  printf("iHold     = %u\n", p->iHold);
-  jsonDebugPrintNodeEntries(p->aNode, p->nNode);
-  jsonReturnJson(p, p->aNode, ctx, 1);
-}
-
-/*
-** The json_test1(JSON) function return true (1) if the input is JSON
-** text generated by another json function.  It returns (0) if the input
-** is not known to be JSON.
-*/
-static void jsonTest1Func(
-  sqlite3_context *ctx,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_value_subtype(argv[0])==JSON_SUBTYPE);
+  if( argc==1 ){
+    jsonDebugPrintBlob(p, 0, p->nBlob, 0, &out);
+    sqlite3_result_text64(ctx,out.zText,out.nChar,SQLITE_TRANSIENT,SQLITE_UTF8);
+  }else{
+    jsonShowParse(p);
+  }
+  jsonParseFree(p);
+  sqlite3_str_reset(&out);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
 
@@ -203643,7 +208567,7 @@ static void jsonTest1Func(
 ****************************************************************************/
 
 /*
-** Implementation of the json_QUOTE(VALUE) function.  Return a JSON value
+** Implementation of the json_quote(VALUE) function.  Return a JSON value
 ** corresponding to the SQL value input.  Mostly this means putting
 ** double-quotes around strings and returning the unquoted string "null"
 ** when given a NULL input.
@@ -203656,9 +208580,9 @@ static void jsonQuoteFunc(
   JsonString jx;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
 
-  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
-  jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[0]);
-  jsonResult(&jx);
+  jsonStringInit(&jx, ctx);
+  jsonAppendSqlValue(&jx, argv[0]);
+  jsonReturnString(&jx, 0, 0);
   sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
 }
 
@@ -203675,18 +208599,17 @@ static void jsonArrayFunc(
   int i;
   JsonString jx;
 
-  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
+  jsonStringInit(&jx, ctx);
   jsonAppendChar(&jx, '[');
   for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
     jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
-    jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[i]);
+    jsonAppendSqlValue(&jx, argv[i]);
   }
   jsonAppendChar(&jx, ']');
-  jsonResult(&jx);
+  jsonReturnString(&jx, 0, 0);
   sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
 }
 
-
 /*
 ** json_array_length(JSON)
 ** json_array_length(JSON, PATH)
@@ -203700,46 +208623,46 @@ static void jsonArrayLengthFunc(
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
-  sqlite3_int64 n = 0;
+  sqlite3_int64 cnt = 0;
   u32 i;
-  JsonNode *pNode;
+  u8 eErr = 0;
 
-  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], ctx, 0);
+  p = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], 0);
   if( p==0 ) return;
-  assert( p->nNode );
   if( argc==2 ){
     const char *zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-    pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
-  }else{
-    pNode = p->aNode;
-  }
-  if( pNode==0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  if( pNode->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
-    while( 1 /*exit-by-break*/ ){
-      i = 1;
-      while( i<=pNode->n ){
-        if( (pNode[i].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ) n++;
-        i += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[i]);
+    if( zPath==0 ){
+      jsonParseFree(p);
+      return;
+    }
+    i = jsonLookupStep(p, 0, zPath[0]=='$' ? zPath+1 : "@", 0);
+    if( JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(i) ){
+      if( i==JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND ){
+        /* no-op */
+      }else if( i==JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR ){
+        jsonBadPathError(ctx, zPath);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
       }
-      if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
-      if( p->useMod==0 ) break;
-      assert( pNode->eU==2 );
-      pNode = &p->aNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
+      eErr = 1;
+      i = 0;
     }
+  }else{
+    i = 0;
   }
-  sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, n);
+  if( (p->aBlob[i] & 0x0f)==JSONB_ARRAY ){
+    cnt = jsonbArrayCount(p, i);
+  }
+  if( !eErr ) sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, cnt);
+  jsonParseFree(p);
 }
 
-/*
-** Bit values for the flags passed into jsonExtractFunc() or
-** jsonSetFunc() via the user-data value.
-*/
-#define JSON_JSON      0x01        /* Result is always JSON */
-#define JSON_SQL       0x02        /* Result is always SQL */
-#define JSON_ABPATH    0x03        /* Allow abbreviated JSON path specs */
-#define JSON_ISSET     0x04        /* json_set(), not json_insert() */
+/* True if the string is all alphanumerics and underscores */
+static int jsonAllAlphanum(const char *z, int n){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<n && (sqlite3Isalnum(z[i]) || z[i]=='_'); i++){}
+  return i==n;
+}
 
 /*
 ** json_extract(JSON, PATH, ...)
@@ -203766,152 +208689,307 @@ static void jsonExtractFunc(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
-  JsonNode *pNode;
-  const char *zPath;
-  int flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(ctx));
-  JsonString jx;
+  JsonParse *p = 0;      /* The parse */
+  int flags;             /* Flags associated with the function */
+  int i;                 /* Loop counter */
+  JsonString jx;         /* String for array result */
 
   if( argc<2 ) return;
-  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], ctx, 0);
+  p = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], 0);
   if( p==0 ) return;
-  if( argc==2 ){
+  flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(ctx));
+  jsonStringInit(&jx, ctx);
+  if( argc>2 ){
+    jsonAppendChar(&jx, '[');
+  }
+  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
     /* With a single PATH argument */
-    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-    if( zPath==0 ) return;
-    if( flags & JSON_ABPATH ){
-      if( zPath[0]!='$' || (zPath[1]!='.' && zPath[1]!='[' && zPath[1]!=0) ){
-        /* The -> and ->> operators accept abbreviated PATH arguments.  This
-        ** is mostly for compatibility with PostgreSQL, but also for
-        ** convenience.
-        **
-        **     NUMBER   ==>  $[NUMBER]     // PG compatible
-        **     LABEL    ==>  $.LABEL       // PG compatible
-        **     [NUMBER] ==>  $[NUMBER]     // Not PG.  Purely for convenience
-        */
-        jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
-        if( sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[0]) ){
-          jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, "$[", 2);
-          jsonAppendRaw(&jx, zPath, (int)strlen(zPath));
-          jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, "]", 2);
-        }else{
-          jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, "$.", 1 + (zPath[0]!='['));
-          jsonAppendRaw(&jx, zPath, (int)strlen(zPath));
-          jsonAppendChar(&jx, 0);
-        }
-        pNode = jx.bErr ? 0 : jsonLookup(p, jx.zBuf, 0, ctx);
-        jsonReset(&jx);
+    const char *zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
+    int nPath;
+    u32 j;
+    if( zPath==0 ) goto json_extract_error;
+    nPath = sqlite3Strlen30(zPath);
+    if( zPath[0]=='$' ){
+      j = jsonLookupStep(p, 0, zPath+1, 0);
+    }else if( (flags & JSON_ABPATH) ){
+      /* The -> and ->> operators accept abbreviated PATH arguments.  This
+      ** is mostly for compatibility with PostgreSQL, but also for
+      ** convenience.
+      **
+      **     NUMBER   ==>  $[NUMBER]     // PG compatible
+      **     LABEL    ==>  $.LABEL       // PG compatible
+      **     [NUMBER] ==>  $[NUMBER]     // Not PG.  Purely for convenience
+      */
+      jsonStringInit(&jx, ctx);
+      if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
+        jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, "[", 1);
+        jsonAppendRaw(&jx, zPath, nPath);
+        jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, "]", 2);
+      }else if( jsonAllAlphanum(zPath, nPath) ){
+        jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, ".", 1);
+        jsonAppendRaw(&jx, zPath, nPath);
+      }else if( zPath[0]=='[' && nPath>=3 && zPath[nPath-1]==']' ){
+        jsonAppendRaw(&jx, zPath, nPath);
       }else{
-        pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
+        jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, ".\"", 2);
+        jsonAppendRaw(&jx, zPath, nPath);
+        jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, "\"", 1);
       }
-      if( pNode ){
+      jsonStringTerminate(&jx);
+      j = jsonLookupStep(p, 0, jx.zBuf, 0);
+      jsonStringReset(&jx);
+    }else{
+      jsonBadPathError(ctx, zPath);
+      goto json_extract_error;
+    }
+    if( j<p->nBlob ){
+      if( argc==2 ){
         if( flags & JSON_JSON ){
-          jsonReturnJson(p, pNode, ctx, 0);
+          jsonStringInit(&jx, ctx);
+          jsonTranslateBlobToText(p, j, &jx);
+          jsonReturnString(&jx, 0, 0);
+          jsonStringReset(&jx);
+          assert( (flags & JSON_BLOB)==0 );
+          sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
         }else{
-          jsonReturn(p, pNode, ctx);
-          sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, 0);
+          jsonReturnFromBlob(p, j, ctx, 0);
+          if( (flags & (JSON_SQL|JSON_BLOB))==0
+           && (p->aBlob[j]&0x0f)>=JSONB_ARRAY
+          ){
+            sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
+          }
         }
+      }else{
+        jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
+        jsonTranslateBlobToText(p, j, &jx);
       }
-    }else{
-      pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
-      if( p->nErr==0 && pNode ) jsonReturn(p, pNode, ctx);
-    }
-  }else{
-    /* Two or more PATH arguments results in a JSON array with each
-    ** element of the array being the value selected by one of the PATHs */
-    int i;
-    jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
-    jsonAppendChar(&jx, '[');
-    for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
-      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
-      pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
-      if( p->nErr ) break;
-      jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
-      if( pNode ){
-        jsonRenderNode(p, pNode, &jx);
+    }else if( j==JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND ){
+      if( argc==2 ){
+        goto json_extract_error;  /* Return NULL if not found */
       }else{
+        jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
         jsonAppendRawNZ(&jx, "null", 4);
       }
+    }else if( j==JSON_LOOKUP_ERROR ){
+      sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+      goto json_extract_error;
+    }else{
+      jsonBadPathError(ctx, zPath);
+      goto json_extract_error;
     }
-    if( i==argc ){
-      jsonAppendChar(&jx, ']');
-      jsonResult(&jx);
+  }
+  if( argc>2 ){
+    jsonAppendChar(&jx, ']');
+    jsonReturnString(&jx, 0, 0);
+    if( (flags & JSON_BLOB)==0 ){
       sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
     }
-    jsonReset(&jx);
   }
+json_extract_error:
+  jsonStringReset(&jx);
+  jsonParseFree(p);
+  return;
 }
 
-/* This is the RFC 7396 MergePatch algorithm.
-*/
-static JsonNode *jsonMergePatch(
-  JsonParse *pParse,   /* The JSON parser that contains the TARGET */
-  u32 iTarget,         /* Node of the TARGET in pParse */
-  JsonNode *pPatch     /* The PATCH */
-){
-  u32 i, j;
-  u32 iRoot;
-  JsonNode *pTarget;
-  if( pPatch->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ){
-    return pPatch;
-  }
-  assert( iTarget<pParse->nNode );
-  pTarget = &pParse->aNode[iTarget];
-  assert( (pPatch->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 );
-  if( pTarget->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ){
-    jsonRemoveAllNulls(pPatch);
-    return pPatch;
-  }
-  iRoot = iTarget;
-  for(i=1; i<pPatch->n; i += jsonNodeSize(&pPatch[i+1])+1){
-    u32 nKey;
-    const char *zKey;
-    assert( pPatch[i].eType==JSON_STRING );
-    assert( pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
-    assert( pPatch[i].eU==1 );
-    nKey = pPatch[i].n;
-    zKey = pPatch[i].u.zJContent;
-    for(j=1; j<pTarget->n; j += jsonNodeSize(&pTarget[j+1])+1 ){
-      assert( pTarget[j].eType==JSON_STRING );
-      assert( pTarget[j].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
-      if( jsonSameLabel(&pPatch[i], &pTarget[j]) ){
-        if( pTarget[j+1].jnFlags & (JNODE_REMOVE|JNODE_REPLACE) ) break;
-        if( pPatch[i+1].eType==JSON_NULL ){
-          pTarget[j+1].jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
-        }else{
-          JsonNode *pNew = jsonMergePatch(pParse, iTarget+j+1, &pPatch[i+1]);
-          if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
-          if( pNew!=&pParse->aNode[iTarget+j+1] ){
-            jsonParseAddSubstNode(pParse, iTarget+j+1);
-            jsonParseAddNodeArray(pParse, pNew, jsonNodeSize(pNew));
-          }
-          pTarget = &pParse->aNode[iTarget];
-        }
-        break;
+/*
+** Return codes for jsonMergePatch()
+*/
+#define JSON_MERGE_OK          0     /* Success */
+#define JSON_MERGE_BADTARGET   1     /* Malformed TARGET blob */
+#define JSON_MERGE_BADPATCH    2     /* Malformed PATCH blob */
+#define JSON_MERGE_OOM         3     /* Out-of-memory condition */
+
+/*
+** RFC-7396 MergePatch for two JSONB blobs.
+**
+** pTarget is the target. pPatch is the patch.  The target is updated
+** in place.  The patch is read-only.
+**
+** The original RFC-7396 algorithm is this:
+**
+**   define MergePatch(Target, Patch):
+**     if Patch is an Object:
+**       if Target is not an Object:
+**         Target = {} # Ignore the contents and set it to an empty Object
+**     for each Name/Value pair in Patch:
+**         if Value is null:
+**           if Name exists in Target:
+**             remove the Name/Value pair from Target
+**         else:
+**           Target[Name] = MergePatch(Target[Name], Value)
+**       return Target
+**     else:
+**       return Patch
+**
+** Here is an equivalent algorithm restructured to show the actual
+** implementation:
+**
+** 01   define MergePatch(Target, Patch):
+** 02      if Patch is not an Object:
+** 03         return Patch
+** 04      else: // if Patch is an Object
+** 05         if Target is not an Object:
+** 06            Target = {}
+** 07      for each Name/Value pair in Patch:
+** 08         if Name exists in Target:
+** 09            if Value is null:
+** 10               remove the Name/Value pair from Target
+** 11            else
+** 12               Target[name] = MergePatch(Target[Name], Value)
+** 13         else if Value is not NULL:
+** 14            if Value is not an Object:
+** 15               Target[name] = Value
+** 16            else:
+** 17               Target[name] = MergePatch('{}',value)
+** 18      return Target
+**  |
+**  ^---- Line numbers referenced in comments in the implementation
+*/
+static int jsonMergePatch(
+  JsonParse *pTarget,      /* The JSON parser that contains the TARGET */
+  u32 iTarget,             /* Index of TARGET in pTarget->aBlob[] */
+  const JsonParse *pPatch, /* The PATCH */
+  u32 iPatch               /* Index of PATCH in pPatch->aBlob[] */
+){
+  u8 x;             /* Type of a single node */
+  u32 n, sz=0;      /* Return values from jsonbPayloadSize() */
+  u32 iTCursor;     /* Cursor position while scanning the target object */
+  u32 iTStart;      /* First label in the target object */
+  u32 iTEndBE;      /* Original first byte past end of target, before edit */
+  u32 iTEnd;        /* Current first byte past end of target */
+  u8 eTLabel;       /* Node type of the target label */
+  u32 iTLabel = 0;  /* Index of the label */
+  u32 nTLabel = 0;  /* Header size in bytes for the target label */
+  u32 szTLabel = 0; /* Size of the target label payload */
+  u32 iTValue = 0;  /* Index of the target value */
+  u32 nTValue = 0;  /* Header size of the target value */
+  u32 szTValue = 0; /* Payload size for the target value */
+
+  u32 iPCursor;     /* Cursor position while scanning the patch */
+  u32 iPEnd;        /* First byte past the end of the patch */
+  u8 ePLabel;       /* Node type of the patch label */
+  u32 iPLabel;      /* Start of patch label */
+  u32 nPLabel;      /* Size of header on the patch label */
+  u32 szPLabel;     /* Payload size of the patch label */
+  u32 iPValue;      /* Start of patch value */
+  u32 nPValue;      /* Header size for the patch value */
+  u32 szPValue;     /* Payload size of the patch value */
+
+  assert( iTarget>=0 && iTarget<pTarget->nBlob );
+  assert( iPatch>=0 && iPatch<pPatch->nBlob );
+  x = pPatch->aBlob[iPatch] & 0x0f;
+  if( x!=JSONB_OBJECT ){  /* Algorithm line 02 */
+    u32 szPatch;        /* Total size of the patch, header+payload */
+    u32 szTarget;       /* Total size of the target, header+payload */
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(pPatch, iPatch, &sz);
+    szPatch = n+sz;
+    sz = 0;
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(pTarget, iTarget, &sz);
+    szTarget = n+sz;
+    jsonBlobEdit(pTarget, iTarget, szTarget, pPatch->aBlob+iPatch, szPatch);
+    return pTarget->oom ? JSON_MERGE_OOM : JSON_MERGE_OK;  /* Line 03 */
+  }
+  x = pTarget->aBlob[iTarget] & 0x0f;
+  if( x!=JSONB_OBJECT ){  /* Algorithm line 05 */
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(pTarget, iTarget, &sz);
+    jsonBlobEdit(pTarget, iTarget+n, sz, 0, 0);
+    x = pTarget->aBlob[iTarget];
+    pTarget->aBlob[iTarget] = (x & 0xf0) | JSONB_OBJECT;
+  }
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(pPatch, iPatch, &sz);
+  if( NEVER(n==0) ) return JSON_MERGE_BADPATCH;
+  iPCursor = iPatch+n;
+  iPEnd = iPCursor+sz;
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(pTarget, iTarget, &sz);
+  if( NEVER(n==0) ) return JSON_MERGE_BADTARGET;
+  iTStart = iTarget+n;
+  iTEndBE = iTStart+sz;
+
+  while( iPCursor<iPEnd ){  /* Algorithm line 07 */
+    iPLabel = iPCursor;
+    ePLabel = pPatch->aBlob[iPCursor] & 0x0f;
+    if( ePLabel<JSONB_TEXT || ePLabel>JSONB_TEXTRAW ){
+      return JSON_MERGE_BADPATCH;
+    }
+    nPLabel = jsonbPayloadSize(pPatch, iPCursor, &szPLabel);
+    if( nPLabel==0 ) return JSON_MERGE_BADPATCH;
+    iPValue = iPCursor + nPLabel + szPLabel;
+    if( iPValue>=iPEnd ) return JSON_MERGE_BADPATCH;
+    nPValue = jsonbPayloadSize(pPatch, iPValue, &szPValue);
+    if( nPValue==0 ) return JSON_MERGE_BADPATCH;
+    iPCursor = iPValue + nPValue + szPValue;
+    if( iPCursor>iPEnd ) return JSON_MERGE_BADPATCH;
+
+    iTCursor = iTStart;
+    iTEnd = iTEndBE + pTarget->delta;
+    while( iTCursor<iTEnd ){
+      int isEqual;   /* true if the patch and target labels match */
+      iTLabel = iTCursor;
+      eTLabel = pTarget->aBlob[iTCursor] & 0x0f;
+      if( eTLabel<JSONB_TEXT || eTLabel>JSONB_TEXTRAW ){
+        return JSON_MERGE_BADTARGET;
+      }
+      nTLabel = jsonbPayloadSize(pTarget, iTCursor, &szTLabel);
+      if( nTLabel==0 ) return JSON_MERGE_BADTARGET;
+      iTValue = iTLabel + nTLabel + szTLabel;
+      if( iTValue>=iTEnd ) return JSON_MERGE_BADTARGET;
+      nTValue = jsonbPayloadSize(pTarget, iTValue, &szTValue);
+      if( nTValue==0 ) return JSON_MERGE_BADTARGET;
+      if( iTValue + nTValue + szTValue > iTEnd ) return JSON_MERGE_BADTARGET;
+      isEqual = jsonLabelCompare(
+                   (const char*)&pPatch->aBlob[iPLabel+nPLabel],
+                   szPLabel,
+                   (ePLabel==JSONB_TEXT || ePLabel==JSONB_TEXTRAW),
+                   (const char*)&pTarget->aBlob[iTLabel+nTLabel],
+                   szTLabel,
+                   (eTLabel==JSONB_TEXT || eTLabel==JSONB_TEXTRAW));
+      if( isEqual ) break;
+      iTCursor = iTValue + nTValue + szTValue;
+    }
+    x = pPatch->aBlob[iPValue] & 0x0f;
+    if( iTCursor<iTEnd ){
+      /* A match was found.  Algorithm line 08 */
+      if( x==0 ){
+        /* Patch value is NULL.  Algorithm line 09 */
+        jsonBlobEdit(pTarget, iTLabel, nTLabel+szTLabel+nTValue+szTValue, 0,0);
+        /*  vvvvvv----- No OOM on a delete-only edit */
+        if( NEVER(pTarget->oom) ) return JSON_MERGE_OOM;
+      }else{
+        /* Algorithm line 12 */
+        int rc, savedDelta = pTarget->delta;
+        pTarget->delta = 0;
+        rc = jsonMergePatch(pTarget, iTValue, pPatch, iPValue);
+        if( rc ) return rc;
+        pTarget->delta += savedDelta;
+      }
+    }else if( x>0 ){  /* Algorithm line 13 */
+      /* No match and patch value is not NULL */
+      u32 szNew = szPLabel+nPLabel;
+      if( (pPatch->aBlob[iPValue] & 0x0f)!=JSONB_OBJECT ){  /* Line 14 */
+        jsonBlobEdit(pTarget, iTEnd, 0, 0, szPValue+nPValue+szNew);
+        if( pTarget->oom ) return JSON_MERGE_OOM;
+        memcpy(&pTarget->aBlob[iTEnd], &pPatch->aBlob[iPLabel], szNew);
+        memcpy(&pTarget->aBlob[iTEnd+szNew],
+               &pPatch->aBlob[iPValue], szPValue+nPValue);
+      }else{
+        int rc, savedDelta;
+        jsonBlobEdit(pTarget, iTEnd, 0, 0, szNew+1);
+        if( pTarget->oom ) return JSON_MERGE_OOM;
+        memcpy(&pTarget->aBlob[iTEnd], &pPatch->aBlob[iPLabel], szNew);
+        pTarget->aBlob[iTEnd+szNew] = 0x00;
+        savedDelta = pTarget->delta;
+        pTarget->delta = 0;
+        rc = jsonMergePatch(pTarget, iTEnd+szNew,pPatch,iPValue);
+        if( rc ) return rc;
+        pTarget->delta += savedDelta;
       }
     }
-    if( j>=pTarget->n && pPatch[i+1].eType!=JSON_NULL ){
-      int iStart;
-      JsonNode *pApnd;
-      u32 nApnd;
-      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
-      jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, nKey, zKey);
-      pApnd = &pPatch[i+1];
-      if( pApnd->eType==JSON_OBJECT ) jsonRemoveAllNulls(pApnd);
-      nApnd = jsonNodeSize(pApnd);
-      jsonParseAddNodeArray(pParse, pApnd, jsonNodeSize(pApnd));
-      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
-      pParse->aNode[iStart].n = 1+nApnd;
-      pParse->aNode[iRoot].jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
-      pParse->aNode[iRoot].u.iAppend = iStart;
-      VVA( pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU = 2 );
-      iRoot = iStart;
-      pTarget = &pParse->aNode[iTarget];
-    }
   }
-  return pTarget;
+  if( pTarget->delta ) jsonAfterEditSizeAdjust(pTarget, iTarget);
+  return pTarget->oom ? JSON_MERGE_OOM : JSON_MERGE_OK;
 }
 
+
 /*
 ** Implementation of the json_mergepatch(JSON1,JSON2) function.  Return a JSON
 ** object that is the result of running the RFC 7396 MergePatch() algorithm
@@ -203922,28 +209000,27 @@ static void jsonPatchFunc(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  JsonParse *pX;     /* The JSON that is being patched */
-  JsonParse *pY;     /* The patch */
-  JsonNode *pResult;   /* The result of the merge */
+  JsonParse *pTarget;    /* The TARGET */
+  JsonParse *pPatch;     /* The PATCH */
+  int rc;                /* Result code */
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  pX = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], ctx, 1);
-  if( pX==0 ) return;
-  assert( pX->hasMod==0 );
-  pX->hasMod = 1;
-  pY = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[1], ctx, 1);
-  if( pY==0 ) return;
-  pX->useMod = 1;
-  pY->useMod = 1;
-  pResult = jsonMergePatch(pX, 0, pY->aNode);
-  assert( pResult!=0 || pX->oom );
-  if( pResult && pX->oom==0 ){
-    jsonDebugPrintParse(pX);
-    jsonDebugPrintNode(pResult);
-    jsonReturnJson(pX, pResult, ctx, 0);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+  assert( argc==2 );
+  pTarget = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], JSON_EDITABLE);
+  if( pTarget==0 ) return;
+  pPatch = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[1], 0);
+  if( pPatch ){
+    rc = jsonMergePatch(pTarget, 0, pPatch, 0);
+    if( rc==JSON_MERGE_OK ){
+      jsonReturnParse(ctx, pTarget);
+    }else if( rc==JSON_MERGE_OOM ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+    }
+    jsonParseFree(pPatch);
   }
+  jsonParseFree(pTarget);
 }
 
 
@@ -203967,23 +209044,23 @@ static void jsonObjectFunc(
                                   "of arguments", -1);
     return;
   }
-  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
+  jsonStringInit(&jx, ctx);
   jsonAppendChar(&jx, '{');
   for(i=0; i<argc; i+=2){
     if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])!=SQLITE_TEXT ){
       sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "json_object() labels must be TEXT", -1);
-      jsonReset(&jx);
+      jsonStringReset(&jx);
       return;
     }
     jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
     z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
-    n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
+    n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
     jsonAppendString(&jx, z, n);
     jsonAppendChar(&jx, ':');
-    jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[i+1]);
+    jsonAppendSqlValue(&jx, argv[i+1]);
   }
   jsonAppendChar(&jx, '}');
-  jsonResult(&jx);
+  jsonReturnString(&jx, 0, 0);
   sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
 }
 
@@ -203999,118 +209076,50 @@ static void jsonRemoveFunc(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  JsonParse *pParse;          /* The parse */
-  JsonNode *pNode;
-  const char *zPath;
-  u32 i;
+  JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
+  const char *zPath = 0; /* Path of element to be removed */
+  int i;                 /* Loop counter */
+  u32 rc;                /* Subroutine return code */
 
   if( argc<1 ) return;
-  pParse = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], ctx, argc>1);
-  if( pParse==0 ) return;
-  for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i++){
+  p = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], argc>1 ? JSON_EDITABLE : 0);
+  if( p==0 ) return;
+  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
     zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
-    if( zPath==0 ) goto remove_done;
-    pNode = jsonLookup(pParse, zPath, 0, ctx);
-    if( pParse->nErr ) goto remove_done;
-    if( pNode ){
-      pNode->jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
-      pParse->hasMod = 1;
-      pParse->useMod = 1;
+    if( zPath==0 ){
+      goto json_remove_done;
+    }
+    if( zPath[0]!='$' ){
+      goto json_remove_patherror;
+    }
+    if( zPath[1]==0 ){
+      /* json_remove(j,'$') returns NULL */
+      goto json_remove_done;
+    }
+    p->eEdit = JEDIT_DEL;
+    p->delta = 0;
+    rc = jsonLookupStep(p, 0, zPath+1, 0);
+    if( JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(rc) ){
+      if( rc==JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND ){
+        continue;  /* No-op */
+      }else if( rc==JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR ){
+        jsonBadPathError(ctx, zPath);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+      }
+      goto json_remove_done;
     }
   }
-  if( (pParse->aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
-    jsonReturnJson(pParse, pParse->aNode, ctx, 1);
-  }
-remove_done:
-  jsonDebugPrintParse(p);
-}
+  jsonReturnParse(ctx, p);
+  jsonParseFree(p);
+  return;
 
-/*
-** Substitute the value at iNode with the pValue parameter.
-*/
-static void jsonReplaceNode(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
-  JsonParse *p,
-  int iNode,
-  sqlite3_value *pValue
-){
-  int idx = jsonParseAddSubstNode(p, iNode);
-  if( idx<=0 ){
-    assert( p->oom );
-    return;
-  }
-  switch( sqlite3_value_type(pValue) ){
-    case SQLITE_NULL: {
-      jsonParseAddNode(p, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
-      char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("%!0.15g", sqlite3_value_double(pValue));
-      int n;
-      if( z==0 ){
-        p->oom = 1;
-        break;
-      }
-      n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
-      jsonParseAddNode(p, JSON_REAL, n, z);
-      jsonParseAddCleanup(p, sqlite3_free, z);
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
-      char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("%lld", sqlite3_value_int64(pValue));
-      int n;
-      if( z==0 ){
-        p->oom = 1;
-        break;
-      }
-      n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
-      jsonParseAddNode(p, JSON_INT, n, z);
-      jsonParseAddCleanup(p, sqlite3_free, z);
+json_remove_patherror:
+  jsonBadPathError(ctx, zPath);
 
-      break;
-    }
-    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
-      const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pValue);
-      u32 n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
-      if( z==0 ){
-         p->oom = 1;
-         break;
-      }
-      if( sqlite3_value_subtype(pValue)!=JSON_SUBTYPE ){
-        char *zCopy = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, z);
-        int k;
-        if( zCopy ){
-          jsonParseAddCleanup(p, sqlite3_free, zCopy);
-       }else{
-          p->oom = 1;
-          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
-        }
-        k = jsonParseAddNode(p, JSON_STRING, n, zCopy);
-        assert( k>0 || p->oom );
-        if( p->oom==0 ) p->aNode[k].jnFlags |= JNODE_RAW;
-      }else{
-        JsonParse *pPatch = jsonParseCached(pCtx, pValue, pCtx, 1);
-        if( pPatch==0 ){
-          p->oom = 1;
-          break;
-        }
-        jsonParseAddNodeArray(p, pPatch->aNode, pPatch->nNode);
-        /* The nodes copied out of pPatch and into p likely contain
-        ** u.zJContent pointers into pPatch->zJson.  So preserve the
-        ** content of pPatch until p is destroyed. */
-        assert( pPatch->nJPRef>=1 );
-        pPatch->nJPRef++;
-        jsonParseAddCleanup(p, (void(*)(void*))jsonParseFree, pPatch);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    default: {
-      jsonParseAddNode(p, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
-      sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, "JSON cannot hold BLOB values", -1);
-      p->nErr++;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
+json_remove_done:
+  jsonParseFree(p);
+  return;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -204124,30 +209133,12 @@ static void jsonReplaceFunc(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  JsonParse *pParse;          /* The parse */
-  JsonNode *pNode;
-  const char *zPath;
-  u32 i;
-
   if( argc<1 ) return;
   if( (argc&1)==0 ) {
     jsonWrongNumArgs(ctx, "replace");
     return;
   }
-  pParse = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], ctx, argc>1);
-  if( pParse==0 ) return;
-  for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
-    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
-    pParse->useMod = 1;
-    pNode = jsonLookup(pParse, zPath, 0, ctx);
-    if( pParse->nErr ) goto replace_err;
-    if( pNode ){
-      jsonReplaceNode(ctx, pParse, (u32)(pNode - pParse->aNode), argv[i+1]);
-    }
-  }
-  jsonReturnJson(pParse, pParse->aNode, ctx, 1);
-replace_err:
-  jsonDebugPrintParse(pParse);
+  jsonInsertIntoBlob(ctx, argc, argv, JEDIT_REPL);
 }
 
 
@@ -204168,39 +209159,16 @@ static void jsonSetFunc(
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  JsonParse *pParse;       /* The parse */
-  JsonNode *pNode;
-  const char *zPath;
-  u32 i;
-  int bApnd;
-  int bIsSet = sqlite3_user_data(ctx)!=0;
+
+  int flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(ctx));
+  int bIsSet = (flags&JSON_ISSET)!=0;
 
   if( argc<1 ) return;
   if( (argc&1)==0 ) {
     jsonWrongNumArgs(ctx, bIsSet ? "set" : "insert");
     return;
   }
-  pParse = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], ctx, argc>1);
-  if( pParse==0 ) return;
-  for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
-    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
-    bApnd = 0;
-    pParse->useMod = 1;
-    pNode = jsonLookup(pParse, zPath, &bApnd, ctx);
-    if( pParse->oom ){
-      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
-      goto jsonSetDone;
-    }else if( pParse->nErr ){
-      goto jsonSetDone;
-    }else if( pNode && (bApnd || bIsSet) ){
-      jsonReplaceNode(ctx, pParse, (u32)(pNode - pParse->aNode), argv[i+1]);
-    }
-  }
-  jsonDebugPrintParse(pParse);
-  jsonReturnJson(pParse, pParse->aNode, ctx, 1);
-
-jsonSetDone:
-  /* no cleanup required */;
+  jsonInsertIntoBlob(ctx, argc, argv, bIsSet ? JEDIT_SET : JEDIT_INS);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -204216,27 +209184,127 @@ static void jsonTypeFunc(
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
-  const char *zPath;
-  JsonNode *pNode;
+  const char *zPath = 0;
+  u32 i;
 
-  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], ctx, 0);
+  p = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], 0);
   if( p==0 ) return;
   if( argc==2 ){
     zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-    pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
+    if( zPath==0 ) goto json_type_done;
+    if( zPath[0]!='$' ){
+      jsonBadPathError(ctx, zPath);
+      goto json_type_done;
+    }
+    i = jsonLookupStep(p, 0, zPath+1, 0);
+    if( JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(i) ){
+      if( i==JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND ){
+        /* no-op */
+      }else if( i==JSON_LOOKUP_PATHERROR ){
+        jsonBadPathError(ctx, zPath);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
+      }
+      goto json_type_done;
+    }
   }else{
-    pNode = p->aNode;
+    i = 0;
   }
-  if( pNode ){
-    sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonType[pNode->eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+  sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonbType[p->aBlob[i]&0x0f], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+json_type_done:
+  jsonParseFree(p);
+}
+
+/*
+** json_pretty(JSON)
+** json_pretty(JSON, INDENT)
+**
+** Return text that is a pretty-printed rendering of the input JSON.
+** If the argument is not valid JSON, return NULL.
+**
+** The INDENT argument is text that is used for indentation.  If omitted,
+** it defaults to four spaces (the same as PostgreSQL).
+*/
+static void jsonPrettyFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  JsonString s;          /* The output string */
+  JsonPretty x;          /* Pretty printing context */
+
+  memset(&x, 0, sizeof(x));
+  x.pParse = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], 0);
+  if( x.pParse==0 ) return;
+  x.pOut = &s;
+  jsonStringInit(&s, ctx);
+  if( argc==1 || (x.zIndent = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]))==0 ){
+    x.zIndent = "    ";
+    x.szIndent = 4;
+  }else{
+    x.szIndent = (u32)strlen(x.zIndent);
   }
+  jsonTranslateBlobToPrettyText(&x, 0);
+  jsonReturnString(&s, 0, 0);
+  jsonParseFree(x.pParse);
 }
 
 /*
 ** json_valid(JSON)
-**
-** Return 1 if JSON is a well-formed canonical JSON string according
-** to RFC-7159. Return 0 otherwise.
+** json_valid(JSON, FLAGS)
+**
+** Check the JSON argument to see if it is well-formed.  The FLAGS argument
+** encodes the various constraints on what is meant by "well-formed":
+**
+**     0x01      Canonical RFC-8259 JSON text
+**     0x02      JSON text with optional JSON-5 extensions
+**     0x04      Superficially appears to be JSONB
+**     0x08      Strictly well-formed JSONB
+**
+** If the FLAGS argument is omitted, it defaults to 1.  Useful values for
+** FLAGS include:
+**
+**    1          Strict canonical JSON text
+**    2          JSON text perhaps with JSON-5 extensions
+**    4          Superficially appears to be JSONB
+**    5          Canonical JSON text or superficial JSONB
+**    6          JSON-5 text or superficial JSONB
+**    8          Strict JSONB
+**    9          Canonical JSON text or strict JSONB
+**    10         JSON-5 text or strict JSONB
+**
+** Other flag combinations are redundant.  For example, every canonical
+** JSON text is also well-formed JSON-5 text, so FLAG values 2 and 3
+** are the same.  Similarly, any input that passes a strict JSONB validation
+** will also pass the superficial validation so 12 through 15 are the same
+** as 8 through 11 respectively.
+**
+** This routine runs in linear time to validate text and when doing strict
+** JSONB validation.  Superficial JSONB validation is constant time,
+** assuming the BLOB is already in memory.  The performance advantage
+** of superficial JSONB validation is why that option is provided.
+** Application developers can choose to do fast superficial validation or
+** slower strict validation, according to their specific needs.
+**
+** Only the lower four bits of the FLAGS argument are currently used.
+** Higher bits are reserved for future expansion.   To facilitate
+** compatibility, the current implementation raises an error if any bit
+** in FLAGS is set other than the lower four bits.
+**
+** The original circa 2015 implementation of the JSON routines in
+** SQLite only supported canonical RFC-8259 JSON text and the json_valid()
+** function only accepted one argument.  That is why the default value
+** for the FLAGS argument is 1, since FLAGS=1 causes this routine to only
+** recognize canonical RFC-8259 JSON text as valid.  The extra FLAGS
+** argument was added when the JSON routines were extended to support
+** JSON5-like extensions and binary JSONB stored in BLOBs.
+**
+** Return Values:
+**
+**   *   Raise an error if FLAGS is outside the range of 1 to 15.
+**   *   Return NULL if the input is NULL
+**   *   Return 1 if the input is well-formed.
+**   *   Return 0 if the input is not well-formed.
 */
 static void jsonValidFunc(
   sqlite3_context *ctx,
@@ -204244,79 +209312,128 @@ static void jsonValidFunc(
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ){
+  u8 flags = 1;
+  u8 res = 0;
+  if( argc==2 ){
+    i64 f = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[1]);
+    if( f<1 || f>15 ){
+      sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "FLAGS parameter to json_valid() must be"
+                                " between 1 and 15", -1);
+      return;
+    }
+    flags = f & 0x0f;
+  }
+  switch( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) ){
+    case SQLITE_NULL: {
 #ifdef SQLITE_LEGACY_JSON_VALID
-    /* Incorrect legacy behavior was to return FALSE for a NULL input */
-    sqlite3_result_int(ctx, 0);
+      /* Incorrect legacy behavior was to return FALSE for a NULL input */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, 0);
 #endif
-    return;
-  }
-  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], 0, 0);
-  if( p==0 || p->oom ){
-    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
-    sqlite3_free(p);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_result_int(ctx, p->nErr==0 && (p->hasNonstd==0 || p->useMod));
-    if( p->nErr ) jsonParseFree(p);
+      return;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_BLOB: {
+      if( jsonFuncArgMightBeBinary(argv[0]) ){
+        if( flags & 0x04 ){
+          /* Superficial checking only - accomplished by the
+          ** jsonFuncArgMightBeBinary() call above. */
+          res = 1;
+        }else if( flags & 0x08 ){
+          /* Strict checking.  Check by translating BLOB->TEXT->BLOB.  If
+          ** no errors occur, call that a "strict check". */
+          JsonParse px;
+          u32 iErr;
+          memset(&px, 0, sizeof(px));
+          px.aBlob = (u8*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+          px.nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+          iErr = jsonbValidityCheck(&px, 0, px.nBlob, 1);
+          res = iErr==0;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      /* Fall through into interpreting the input as text.  See note
+      ** above at tag-20240123-a. */
+      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+    }
+    default: {
+      JsonParse px;
+      if( (flags & 0x3)==0 ) break;
+      memset(&px, 0, sizeof(px));
+
+      p = jsonParseFuncArg(ctx, argv[0], JSON_KEEPERROR);
+      if( p ){
+        if( p->oom ){
+          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+        }else if( p->nErr ){
+          /* no-op */
+        }else if( (flags & 0x02)!=0 || p->hasNonstd==0 ){
+          res = 1;
+        }
+        jsonParseFree(p);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
   }
+  sqlite3_result_int(ctx, res);
 }
 
 /*
 ** json_error_position(JSON)
 **
-** If the argument is not an interpretable JSON string, then return the 1-based
-** character position at which the parser first recognized that the input
-** was in error.  The left-most character is 1.  If the string is valid
-** JSON, then return 0.
-**
-** Note that json_valid() is only true for strictly conforming canonical JSON.
-** But this routine returns zero if the input contains extension.  Thus:
-**
-** (1) If the input X is strictly conforming canonical JSON:
-**
-**         json_valid(X) returns true
-**         json_error_position(X) returns 0
-**
-** (2) If the input X is JSON but it includes extension (such as JSON5) that
-**     are not part of RFC-8259:
+** If the argument is NULL, return NULL
 **
-**         json_valid(X) returns false
-**         json_error_position(X) return 0
+** If the argument is BLOB, do a full validity check and return non-zero
+** if the check fails.  The return value is the approximate 1-based offset
+** to the byte of the element that contains the first error.
 **
-** (3) If the input X cannot be interpreted as JSON even taking extensions
-**     into account:
-**
-**         json_valid(X) return false
-**         json_error_position(X) returns 1 or more
+** Otherwise interpret the argument is TEXT (even if it is numeric) and
+** return the 1-based character position for where the parser first recognized
+** that the input was not valid JSON, or return 0 if the input text looks
+** ok.  JSON-5 extensions are accepted.
 */
 static void jsonErrorFunc(
   sqlite3_context *ctx,
   int argc,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
+  i64 iErrPos = 0;       /* Error position to be returned */
+  JsonParse s;
+
+  assert( argc==1 );
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
-  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv[0], 0, 0);
-  if( p==0 || p->oom ){
+  memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
+  s.db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx);
+  if( jsonFuncArgMightBeBinary(argv[0]) ){
+    s.aBlob = (u8*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+    s.nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+    iErrPos = (i64)jsonbValidityCheck(&s, 0, s.nBlob, 1);
+  }else{
+    s.zJson = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+    if( s.zJson==0 ) return;  /* NULL input or OOM */
+    s.nJson = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+    if( jsonConvertTextToBlob(&s,0) ){
+      if( s.oom ){
+        iErrPos = -1;
+      }else{
+        /* Convert byte-offset s.iErr into a character offset */
+        u32 k;
+        assert( s.zJson!=0 );  /* Because s.oom is false */
+        for(k=0; k<s.iErr && ALWAYS(s.zJson[k]); k++){
+          if( (s.zJson[k] & 0xc0)!=0x80 ) iErrPos++;
+        }
+        iErrPos++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  jsonParseReset(&s);
+  if( iErrPos<0 ){
     sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
-    sqlite3_free(p);
-  }else if( p->nErr==0 ){
-    sqlite3_result_int(ctx, 0);
   }else{
-    int n = 1;
-    u32 i;
-    const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-    for(i=0; i<p->iErr && ALWAYS(z[i]); i++){
-      if( (z[i]&0xc0)!=0x80 ) n++;
-    }
-    sqlite3_result_int(ctx, n);
-    jsonParseFree(p);
+    sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, iErrPos);
   }
 }
 
-
 /****************************************************************************
 ** Aggregate SQL function implementations
 ****************************************************************************/
@@ -204335,32 +209452,42 @@ static void jsonArrayStep(
   pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, sizeof(*pStr));
   if( pStr ){
     if( pStr->zBuf==0 ){
-      jsonInit(pStr, ctx);
+      jsonStringInit(pStr, ctx);
       jsonAppendChar(pStr, '[');
     }else if( pStr->nUsed>1 ){
       jsonAppendChar(pStr, ',');
     }
     pStr->pCtx = ctx;
-    jsonAppendValue(pStr, argv[0]);
+    jsonAppendSqlValue(pStr, argv[0]);
   }
 }
 static void jsonArrayCompute(sqlite3_context *ctx, int isFinal){
   JsonString *pStr;
   pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, 0);
   if( pStr ){
+    int flags;
     pStr->pCtx = ctx;
     jsonAppendChar(pStr, ']');
-    if( pStr->bErr ){
-      if( pStr->bErr==1 ) sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
-      assert( pStr->bStatic );
+    flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(ctx));
+    if( pStr->eErr ){
+      jsonReturnString(pStr, 0, 0);
+      return;
+    }else if( flags & JSON_BLOB ){
+      jsonReturnStringAsBlob(pStr);
+      if( isFinal ){
+        if( !pStr->bStatic ) sqlite3RCStrUnref(pStr->zBuf);
+      }else{
+        jsonStringTrimOneChar(pStr);
+      }
+      return;
     }else if( isFinal ){
       sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pStr->zBuf, (int)pStr->nUsed,
                           pStr->bStatic ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT :
-                              (void(*)(void*))sqlite3RCStrUnref);
+                              sqlite3RCStrUnref);
       pStr->bStatic = 1;
     }else{
       sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pStr->zBuf, (int)pStr->nUsed, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-      pStr->nUsed--;
+      jsonStringTrimOneChar(pStr);
     }
   }else{
     sqlite3_result_text(ctx, "[]", 2, SQLITE_STATIC);
@@ -204441,35 +209568,46 @@ static void jsonObjectStep(
   pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, sizeof(*pStr));
   if( pStr ){
     if( pStr->zBuf==0 ){
-      jsonInit(pStr, ctx);
+      jsonStringInit(pStr, ctx);
       jsonAppendChar(pStr, '{');
     }else if( pStr->nUsed>1 ){
       jsonAppendChar(pStr, ',');
     }
     pStr->pCtx = ctx;
     z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-    n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+    n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
     jsonAppendString(pStr, z, n);
     jsonAppendChar(pStr, ':');
-    jsonAppendValue(pStr, argv[1]);
+    jsonAppendSqlValue(pStr, argv[1]);
   }
 }
 static void jsonObjectCompute(sqlite3_context *ctx, int isFinal){
   JsonString *pStr;
   pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, 0);
   if( pStr ){
+    int flags;
     jsonAppendChar(pStr, '}');
-    if( pStr->bErr ){
-      if( pStr->bErr==1 ) sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
-      assert( pStr->bStatic );
+    pStr->pCtx = ctx;
+    flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(ctx));
+    if( pStr->eErr ){
+      jsonReturnString(pStr, 0, 0);
+      return;
+    }else if( flags & JSON_BLOB ){
+      jsonReturnStringAsBlob(pStr);
+      if( isFinal ){
+        if( !pStr->bStatic ) sqlite3RCStrUnref(pStr->zBuf);
+      }else{
+        jsonStringTrimOneChar(pStr);
+      }
+      return;
     }else if( isFinal ){
       sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pStr->zBuf, (int)pStr->nUsed,
                           pStr->bStatic ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT :
-                          (void(*)(void*))sqlite3RCStrUnref);
+                          sqlite3RCStrUnref);
       pStr->bStatic = 1;
     }else{
       sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pStr->zBuf, (int)pStr->nUsed, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-      pStr->nUsed--;
+      jsonStringTrimOneChar(pStr);
     }
   }else{
     sqlite3_result_text(ctx, "{}", 2, SQLITE_STATIC);
@@ -204489,19 +209627,37 @@ static void jsonObjectFinal(sqlite3_context *ctx){
 /****************************************************************************
 ** The json_each virtual table
 ****************************************************************************/
+typedef struct JsonParent JsonParent;
+struct JsonParent {
+  u32 iHead;                 /* Start of object or array */
+  u32 iValue;                /* Start of the value */
+  u32 iEnd;                  /* First byte past the end */
+  u32 nPath;                 /* Length of path */
+  i64 iKey;                  /* Key for JSONB_ARRAY */
+};
+
 typedef struct JsonEachCursor JsonEachCursor;
 struct JsonEachCursor {
   sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
   u32 iRowid;                /* The rowid */
-  u32 iBegin;                /* The first node of the scan */
-  u32 i;                     /* Index in sParse.aNode[] of current row */
+  u32 i;                     /* Index in sParse.aBlob[] of current row */
   u32 iEnd;                  /* EOF when i equals or exceeds this value */
-  u8 eType;                  /* Type of top-level element */
+  u32 nRoot;                 /* Size of the root path in bytes */
+  u8 eType;                  /* Type of the container for element i */
   u8 bRecursive;             /* True for json_tree().  False for json_each() */
-  char *zJson;               /* Input JSON */
-  char *zRoot;               /* Path by which to filter zJson */
+  u32 nParent;               /* Current nesting depth */
+  u32 nParentAlloc;          /* Space allocated for aParent[] */
+  JsonParent *aParent;       /* Parent elements of i */
+  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection */
+  JsonString path;           /* Current path */
   JsonParse sParse;          /* Parse of the input JSON */
 };
+typedef struct JsonEachConnection JsonEachConnection;
+struct JsonEachConnection {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;         /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection */
+};
+
 
 /* Constructor for the json_each virtual table */
 static int jsonEachConnect(
@@ -204511,7 +209667,7 @@ static int jsonEachConnect(
   sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
   char **pzErr
 ){
-  sqlite3_vtab *pNew;
+  JsonEachConnection *pNew;
   int rc;
 
 /* Column numbers */
@@ -204537,28 +209693,32 @@ static int jsonEachConnect(
      "CREATE TABLE x(key,value,type,atom,id,parent,fullkey,path,"
                     "json HIDDEN,root HIDDEN)");
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pNew = *ppVtab = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
+    pNew = (JsonEachConnection*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pNew));
+    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
     if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
     sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS);
+    pNew->db = db;
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
 /* destructor for json_each virtual table */
 static int jsonEachDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
-  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  JsonEachConnection *p = (JsonEachConnection*)pVtab;
+  sqlite3DbFree(p->db, pVtab);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /* constructor for a JsonEachCursor object for json_each(). */
 static int jsonEachOpenEach(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  JsonEachConnection *pVtab = (JsonEachConnection*)p;
   JsonEachCursor *pCur;
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
-  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
+  pCur = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pVtab->db, sizeof(*pCur));
   if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
+  pCur->db = pVtab->db;
+  jsonStringZero(&pCur->path);
   *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -204576,21 +209736,24 @@ static int jsonEachOpenTree(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
 /* Reset a JsonEachCursor back to its original state.  Free any memory
 ** held. */
 static void jsonEachCursorReset(JsonEachCursor *p){
-  sqlite3_free(p->zRoot);
   jsonParseReset(&p->sParse);
+  jsonStringReset(&p->path);
+  sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->aParent);
   p->iRowid = 0;
   p->i = 0;
+  p->aParent = 0;
+  p->nParent = 0;
+  p->nParentAlloc = 0;
   p->iEnd = 0;
   p->eType = 0;
-  p->zJson = 0;
-  p->zRoot = 0;
 }
 
 /* Destructor for a jsonEachCursor object */
 static int jsonEachClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
   JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
   jsonEachCursorReset(p);
-  sqlite3_free(cur);
+
+  sqlite3DbFree(p->db, cur);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -204601,200 +209764,233 @@ static int jsonEachEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
   return p->i >= p->iEnd;
 }
 
-/* Advance the cursor to the next element for json_tree() */
-static int jsonEachNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
-  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
-  if( p->bRecursive ){
-    if( p->sParse.aNode[p->i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ) p->i++;
-    p->i++;
-    p->iRowid++;
-    if( p->i<p->iEnd ){
-      u32 iUp = p->sParse.aUp[p->i];
-      JsonNode *pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
-      p->eType = pUp->eType;
-      if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
-        assert( pUp->eU==0 || pUp->eU==3 );
-        testcase( pUp->eU==3 );
-        VVA( pUp->eU = 3 );
-        if( iUp==p->i-1 ){
-          pUp->u.iKey = 0;
-        }else{
-          pUp->u.iKey++;
+/*
+** If the cursor is currently pointing at the label of a object entry,
+** then return the index of the value.  For all other cases, return the
+** current pointer position, which is the value.
+*/
+static int jsonSkipLabel(JsonEachCursor *p){
+  if( p->eType==JSONB_OBJECT ){
+    u32 sz = 0;
+    u32 n = jsonbPayloadSize(&p->sParse, p->i, &sz);
+    return p->i + n + sz;
+  }else{
+    return p->i;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Append the path name for the current element.
+*/
+static void jsonAppendPathName(JsonEachCursor *p){
+  assert( p->nParent>0 );
+  assert( p->eType==JSONB_ARRAY || p->eType==JSONB_OBJECT );
+  if( p->eType==JSONB_ARRAY ){
+    jsonPrintf(30, &p->path, "[%lld]", p->aParent[p->nParent-1].iKey);
+  }else{
+    u32 n, sz = 0, k, i;
+    const char *z;
+    int needQuote = 0;
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(&p->sParse, p->i, &sz);
+    k = p->i + n;
+    z = (const char*)&p->sParse.aBlob[k];
+    if( sz==0 || !sqlite3Isalpha(z[0]) ){
+      needQuote = 1;
+    }else{
+      for(i=0; i<sz; i++){
+        if( !sqlite3Isalnum(z[i]) ){
+          needQuote = 1;
+          break;
         }
       }
     }
-  }else{
-    switch( p->eType ){
-      case JSON_ARRAY: {
-        p->i += jsonNodeSize(&p->sParse.aNode[p->i]);
-        p->iRowid++;
-        break;
-      }
-      case JSON_OBJECT: {
-        p->i += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&p->sParse.aNode[p->i+1]);
-        p->iRowid++;
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        p->i = p->iEnd;
-        break;
-      }
+    if( needQuote ){
+      jsonPrintf(sz+4,&p->path,".\"%.*s\"", sz, z);
+    }else{
+      jsonPrintf(sz+2,&p->path,".%.*s", sz, z);
     }
   }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
-/* Append an object label to the JSON Path being constructed
-** in pStr.
-*/
-static void jsonAppendObjectPathElement(
-  JsonString *pStr,
-  JsonNode *pNode
-){
-  int jj, nn;
-  const char *z;
-  assert( pNode->eType==JSON_STRING );
-  assert( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
-  assert( pNode->eU==1 );
-  z = pNode->u.zJContent;
-  nn = pNode->n;
-  if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 ){
-    assert( nn>=2 );
-    assert( z[0]=='"' || z[0]=='\'' );
-    assert( z[nn-1]=='"' || z[0]=='\'' );
-    if( nn>2 && sqlite3Isalpha(z[1]) ){
-      for(jj=2; jj<nn-1 && sqlite3Isalnum(z[jj]); jj++){}
-      if( jj==nn-1 ){
-        z++;
-        nn -= 2;
+/* Advance the cursor to the next element for json_tree() */
+static int jsonEachNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( p->bRecursive ){
+    u8 x;
+    u8 levelChange = 0;
+    u32 n, sz = 0;
+    u32 i = jsonSkipLabel(p);
+    x = p->sParse.aBlob[i] & 0x0f;
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(&p->sParse, i, &sz);
+    if( x==JSONB_OBJECT || x==JSONB_ARRAY ){
+      JsonParent *pParent;
+      if( p->nParent>=p->nParentAlloc ){
+        JsonParent *pNew;
+        u64 nNew;
+        nNew = p->nParentAlloc*2 + 3;
+        pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(p->db, p->aParent, sizeof(JsonParent)*nNew);
+        if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        p->nParentAlloc = (u32)nNew;
+        p->aParent = pNew;
+      }
+      levelChange = 1;
+      pParent = &p->aParent[p->nParent];
+      pParent->iHead = p->i;
+      pParent->iValue = i;
+      pParent->iEnd = i + n + sz;
+      pParent->iKey = -1;
+      pParent->nPath = (u32)p->path.nUsed;
+      if( p->eType && p->nParent ){
+        jsonAppendPathName(p);
+        if( p->path.eErr ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
+      p->nParent++;
+      p->i = i + n;
+    }else{
+      p->i = i + n + sz;
+    }
+    while( p->nParent>0 && p->i >= p->aParent[p->nParent-1].iEnd ){
+      p->nParent--;
+      p->path.nUsed = p->aParent[p->nParent].nPath;
+      levelChange = 1;
+    }
+    if( levelChange ){
+      if( p->nParent>0 ){
+        JsonParent *pParent = &p->aParent[p->nParent-1];
+        u32 iVal = pParent->iValue;
+        p->eType = p->sParse.aBlob[iVal] & 0x0f;
+      }else{
+        p->eType = 0;
       }
     }
+  }else{
+    u32 n, sz = 0;
+    u32 i = jsonSkipLabel(p);
+    n = jsonbPayloadSize(&p->sParse, i, &sz);
+    p->i = i + n + sz;
+  }
+  if( p->eType==JSONB_ARRAY && p->nParent ){
+    p->aParent[p->nParent-1].iKey++;
   }
-  jsonPrintf(nn+2, pStr, ".%.*s", nn, z);
+  p->iRowid++;
+  return rc;
 }
 
-/* Append the name of the path for element i to pStr
+/* Length of the path for rowid==0 in bRecursive mode.
 */
-static void jsonEachComputePath(
-  JsonEachCursor *p,       /* The cursor */
-  JsonString *pStr,        /* Write the path here */
-  u32 i                    /* Path to this element */
-){
-  JsonNode *pNode, *pUp;
-  u32 iUp;
-  if( i==0 ){
-    jsonAppendChar(pStr, '$');
-    return;
-  }
-  iUp = p->sParse.aUp[i];
-  jsonEachComputePath(p, pStr, iUp);
-  pNode = &p->sParse.aNode[i];
-  pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
-  if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
-    assert( pUp->eU==3 || (pUp->eU==0 && pUp->u.iKey==0) );
-    testcase( pUp->eU==0 );
-    jsonPrintf(30, pStr, "[%d]", pUp->u.iKey);
-  }else{
-    assert( pUp->eType==JSON_OBJECT );
-    if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)==0 ) pNode--;
-    jsonAppendObjectPathElement(pStr, pNode);
+static int jsonEachPathLength(JsonEachCursor *p){
+  u32 n = p->path.nUsed;
+  char *z = p->path.zBuf;
+  if( p->iRowid==0 && p->bRecursive && n>=2 ){
+    while( n>1 ){
+      n--;
+      if( z[n]=='[' || z[n]=='.' ){
+        u32 x, sz = 0;
+        char cSaved = z[n];
+        z[n] = 0;
+        assert( p->sParse.eEdit==0 );
+        x = jsonLookupStep(&p->sParse, 0, z+1, 0);
+        z[n] = cSaved;
+        if( JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(x) ) continue;
+        if( x + jsonbPayloadSize(&p->sParse, x, &sz) == p->i ) break;
+      }
+    }
   }
+  return n;
 }
 
 /* Return the value of a column */
 static int jsonEachColumn(
   sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
   sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
-  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+  int iColumn                 /* Which column to return */
 ){
   JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
-  JsonNode *pThis = &p->sParse.aNode[p->i];
-  switch( i ){
+  switch( iColumn ){
     case JEACH_KEY: {
-      if( p->i==0 ) break;
-      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT ){
-        jsonReturn(&p->sParse, pThis, ctx);
-      }else if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
-        u32 iKey;
-        if( p->bRecursive ){
-          if( p->iRowid==0 ) break;
-          assert( p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].eU==3 );
-          iKey = p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].u.iKey;
+      if( p->nParent==0 ){
+        u32 n, j;
+        if( p->nRoot==1 ) break;
+        j = jsonEachPathLength(p);
+        n = p->nRoot - j;
+        if( n==0 ){
+          break;
+        }else if( p->path.zBuf[j]=='[' ){
+          i64 x;
+          sqlite3Atoi64(&p->path.zBuf[j+1], &x, n-1, SQLITE_UTF8);
+          sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, x);
+        }else if( p->path.zBuf[j+1]=='"' ){
+          sqlite3_result_text(ctx, &p->path.zBuf[j+2], n-3, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
         }else{
-          iKey = p->iRowid;
+          sqlite3_result_text(ctx, &p->path.zBuf[j+1], n-1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
         }
-        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)iKey);
+        break;
+      }
+      if( p->eType==JSONB_OBJECT ){
+        jsonReturnFromBlob(&p->sParse, p->i, ctx, 1);
+      }else{
+        assert( p->eType==JSONB_ARRAY );
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, p->aParent[p->nParent-1].iKey);
       }
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_VALUE: {
-      if( pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ) pThis++;
-      jsonReturn(&p->sParse, pThis, ctx);
+      u32 i = jsonSkipLabel(p);
+      jsonReturnFromBlob(&p->sParse, i, ctx, 1);
+      if( (p->sParse.aBlob[i] & 0x0f)>=JSONB_ARRAY ){
+        sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
+      }
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_TYPE: {
-      if( pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ) pThis++;
-      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonType[pThis->eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      u32 i = jsonSkipLabel(p);
+      u8 eType = p->sParse.aBlob[i] & 0x0f;
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonbType[eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_ATOM: {
-      if( pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ) pThis++;
-      if( pThis->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ) break;
-      jsonReturn(&p->sParse, pThis, ctx);
+      u32 i = jsonSkipLabel(p);
+      if( (p->sParse.aBlob[i] & 0x0f)<JSONB_ARRAY ){
+        jsonReturnFromBlob(&p->sParse, i, ctx, 1);
+      }
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_ID: {
-      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx,
-         (sqlite3_int64)p->i + ((pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)!=0));
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)p->i);
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_PARENT: {
-      if( p->i>p->iBegin && p->bRecursive ){
-        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)p->sParse.aUp[p->i]);
+      if( p->nParent>0 && p->bRecursive ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, p->aParent[p->nParent-1].iHead);
       }
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_FULLKEY: {
-      JsonString x;
-      jsonInit(&x, ctx);
-      if( p->bRecursive ){
-        jsonEachComputePath(p, &x, p->i);
-      }else{
-        if( p->zRoot ){
-          jsonAppendRaw(&x, p->zRoot, (int)strlen(p->zRoot));
-        }else{
-          jsonAppendChar(&x, '$');
-        }
-        if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
-          jsonPrintf(30, &x, "[%d]", p->iRowid);
-        }else if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT ){
-          jsonAppendObjectPathElement(&x, pThis);
-        }
-      }
-      jsonResult(&x);
+      u64 nBase = p->path.nUsed;
+      if( p->nParent ) jsonAppendPathName(p);
+      sqlite3_result_text64(ctx, p->path.zBuf, p->path.nUsed,
+                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT, SQLITE_UTF8);
+      p->path.nUsed = nBase;
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_PATH: {
-      if( p->bRecursive ){
-        JsonString x;
-        jsonInit(&x, ctx);
-        jsonEachComputePath(p, &x, p->sParse.aUp[p->i]);
-        jsonResult(&x);
-        break;
-      }
-      /* For json_each() path and root are the same so fall through
-      ** into the root case */
-      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
+      u32 n = jsonEachPathLength(p);
+      sqlite3_result_text64(ctx, p->path.zBuf, n,
+                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT, SQLITE_UTF8);
+      break;
     }
     default: {
-      const char *zRoot = p->zRoot;
-      if( zRoot==0 ) zRoot = "$";
-      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zRoot, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, p->path.zBuf, p->nRoot, SQLITE_STATIC);
       break;
     }
     case JEACH_JSON: {
-      assert( i==JEACH_JSON );
-      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, p->sParse.zJson, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      if( p->sParse.zJson==0 ){
+        sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, p->sParse.aBlob, p->sParse.nBlob,
+                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, p->sParse.zJson, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -204885,86 +210081,97 @@ static int jsonEachFilter(
   int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
   JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
-  const char *z;
   const char *zRoot = 0;
-  sqlite3_int64 n;
+  u32 i, n, sz;
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(idxStr);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
   jsonEachCursorReset(p);
   if( idxNum==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
-  z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  if( z==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
   memset(&p->sParse, 0, sizeof(p->sParse));
   p->sParse.nJPRef = 1;
-  if( sqlite3ValueIsOfClass(argv[0], (void(*)(void*))sqlite3RCStrUnref) ){
-    p->sParse.zJson = sqlite3RCStrRef((char*)z);
-  }else{
-    n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
-    p->sParse.zJson = sqlite3RCStrNew( n+1 );
-    if( p->sParse.zJson==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    memcpy(p->sParse.zJson, z, (size_t)n+1);
-  }
-  p->sParse.bJsonIsRCStr = 1;
-  p->zJson = p->sParse.zJson;
-  if( jsonParse(&p->sParse, 0) ){
-    int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    if( p->sParse.oom==0 ){
-      sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
-      cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("malformed JSON");
-      if( cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  p->sParse.db = p->db;
+  if( jsonFuncArgMightBeBinary(argv[0]) ){
+    p->sParse.nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+    p->sParse.aBlob = (u8*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+  }else{
+    p->sParse.zJson = (char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+    p->sParse.nJson = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+    if( p->sParse.zJson==0 ){
+      p->i = p->iEnd = 0;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
     }
-    jsonEachCursorReset(p);
-    return rc;
-  }else if( p->bRecursive && jsonParseFindParents(&p->sParse) ){
-    jsonEachCursorReset(p);
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }else{
-    JsonNode *pNode = 0;
-    if( idxNum==3 ){
-      const char *zErr = 0;
-      zRoot = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
-      if( zRoot==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
-      n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
-      p->zRoot = sqlite3_malloc64( n+1 );
-      if( p->zRoot==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      memcpy(p->zRoot, zRoot, (size_t)n+1);
-      if( zRoot[0]!='$' ){
-        zErr = zRoot;
-      }else{
-        pNode = jsonLookupStep(&p->sParse, 0, p->zRoot+1, 0, &zErr);
+    if( jsonConvertTextToBlob(&p->sParse, 0) ){
+      if( p->sParse.oom ){
+        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }
-      if( zErr ){
+      goto json_each_malformed_input;
+    }
+  }
+  if( idxNum==3 ){
+    zRoot = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
+    if( zRoot==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+    if( zRoot[0]!='$' ){
+      sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
+      cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = jsonBadPathError(0, zRoot);
+      jsonEachCursorReset(p);
+      return cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    p->nRoot = sqlite3Strlen30(zRoot);
+    if( zRoot[1]==0 ){
+      i = p->i = 0;
+      p->eType = 0;
+    }else{
+      i = jsonLookupStep(&p->sParse, 0, zRoot+1, 0);
+      if( JSON_LOOKUP_ISERROR(i) ){
+        if( i==JSON_LOOKUP_NOTFOUND ){
+          p->i = 0;
+          p->eType = 0;
+          p->iEnd = 0;
+          return SQLITE_OK;
+        }
         sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
-        cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = jsonPathSyntaxError(zErr);
+        cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = jsonBadPathError(0, zRoot);
         jsonEachCursorReset(p);
         return cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }else if( pNode==0 ){
-        return SQLITE_OK;
       }
-    }else{
-      pNode = p->sParse.aNode;
-    }
-    p->iBegin = p->i = (int)(pNode - p->sParse.aNode);
-    p->eType = pNode->eType;
-    if( p->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ){
-      assert( pNode->eU==0 );
-      VVA( pNode->eU = 3 );
-      pNode->u.iKey = 0;
-      p->iEnd = p->i + pNode->n + 1;
-      if( p->bRecursive ){
-        p->eType = p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].eType;
-        if( p->i>0 && (p->sParse.aNode[p->i-1].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)!=0 ){
-          p->i--;
-        }
+      if( p->sParse.iLabel ){
+        p->i = p->sParse.iLabel;
+        p->eType = JSONB_OBJECT;
       }else{
-        p->i++;
-      }
-    }else{
-      p->iEnd = p->i+1;
-    }
+        p->i = i;
+        p->eType = JSONB_ARRAY;
+      }
+    }
+    jsonAppendRaw(&p->path, zRoot, p->nRoot);
+  }else{
+    i = p->i = 0;
+    p->eType = 0;
+    p->nRoot = 1;
+    jsonAppendRaw(&p->path, "$", 1);
+  }
+  p->nParent = 0;
+  n = jsonbPayloadSize(&p->sParse, i, &sz);
+  p->iEnd = i+n+sz;
+  if( (p->sParse.aBlob[i] & 0x0f)>=JSONB_ARRAY && !p->bRecursive ){
+    p->i = i + n;
+    p->eType = p->sParse.aBlob[i] & 0x0f;
+    p->aParent = sqlite3DbMallocZero(p->db, sizeof(JsonParent));
+    if( p->aParent==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    p->nParent = 1;
+    p->nParentAlloc = 1;
+    p->aParent[0].iKey = 0;
+    p->aParent[0].iEnd = p->iEnd;
+    p->aParent[0].iHead = p->i;
+    p->aParent[0].iValue = i;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
+
+json_each_malformed_input:
+  sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
+  cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("malformed JSON");
+  jsonEachCursorReset(p);
+  return cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_NOMEM;
 }
 
 /* The methods of the json_each virtual table */
@@ -204992,7 +210199,8 @@ static sqlite3_module jsonEachModule = {
   0,                         /* xSavepoint */
   0,                         /* xRelease */
   0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
-  0                          /* xShadowName */
+  0,                         /* xShadowName */
+  0                          /* xIntegrity */
 };
 
 /* The methods of the json_tree virtual table. */
@@ -205020,7 +210228,8 @@ static sqlite3_module jsonTreeModule = {
   0,                         /* xSavepoint */
   0,                         /* xRelease */
   0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
-  0                          /* xShadowName */
+  0,                         /* xShadowName */
+  0                          /* xIntegrity */
 };
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON) */
@@ -205031,34 +210240,59 @@ static sqlite3_module jsonTreeModule = {
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterJsonFunctions(void){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_JSON
   static FuncDef aJsonFunc[] = {
-    JFUNCTION(json,               1, 0,  jsonRemoveFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_array,        -1, 0,  jsonArrayFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_array_length,  1, 0,  jsonArrayLengthFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_array_length,  2, 0,  jsonArrayLengthFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_error_position,1, 0,  jsonErrorFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_extract,      -1, 0,  jsonExtractFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(->,                 2, JSON_JSON, jsonExtractFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(->>,                2, JSON_SQL, jsonExtractFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_insert,       -1, 0,  jsonSetFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_object,       -1, 0,  jsonObjectFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_patch,         2, 0,  jsonPatchFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_quote,         1, 0,  jsonQuoteFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_remove,       -1, 0,  jsonRemoveFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_replace,      -1, 0,  jsonReplaceFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_set,          -1, JSON_ISSET,  jsonSetFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_type,          1, 0,  jsonTypeFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_type,          2, 0,  jsonTypeFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_valid,         1, 0,  jsonValidFunc),
+    /*   sqlite3_result_subtype() ----,  ,--- sqlite3_value_subtype()       */
+    /*                                |  |                                  */
+    /*             Uses cache ------, |  | ,---- Returns JSONB              */
+    /*                              | |  | |                                */
+    /*     Number of arguments ---, | |  | | ,--- Flags                     */
+    /*                            | | |  | | |                              */
+    JFUNCTION(json,               1,1,1, 0,0,0,          jsonRemoveFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb,              1,1,0, 0,1,0,          jsonRemoveFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_array,        -1,0,1, 1,0,0,          jsonArrayFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb_array,       -1,0,1, 1,1,0,          jsonArrayFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_array_length,  1,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonArrayLengthFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_array_length,  2,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonArrayLengthFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_error_position,1,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonErrorFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_extract,      -1,1,1, 0,0,0,          jsonExtractFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb_extract,     -1,1,0, 0,1,0,          jsonExtractFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(->,                 2,1,1, 0,0,JSON_JSON,  jsonExtractFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(->>,                2,1,0, 0,0,JSON_SQL,   jsonExtractFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_insert,       -1,1,1, 1,0,0,          jsonSetFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb_insert,      -1,1,0, 1,1,0,          jsonSetFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_object,       -1,0,1, 1,0,0,          jsonObjectFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb_object,      -1,0,1, 1,1,0,          jsonObjectFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_patch,         2,1,1, 0,0,0,          jsonPatchFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb_patch,        2,1,0, 0,1,0,          jsonPatchFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_pretty,        1,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonPrettyFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_pretty,        2,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonPrettyFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_quote,         1,0,1, 1,0,0,          jsonQuoteFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_remove,       -1,1,1, 0,0,0,          jsonRemoveFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb_remove,      -1,1,0, 0,1,0,          jsonRemoveFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_replace,      -1,1,1, 1,0,0,          jsonReplaceFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb_replace,     -1,1,0, 1,1,0,          jsonReplaceFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_set,          -1,1,1, 1,0,JSON_ISSET, jsonSetFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(jsonb_set,         -1,1,0, 1,1,JSON_ISSET, jsonSetFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_type,          1,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonTypeFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_type,          2,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonTypeFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_valid,         1,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonValidFunc),
+    JFUNCTION(json_valid,         2,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonValidFunc),
 #if SQLITE_DEBUG
-    JFUNCTION(json_parse,         1, 0,  jsonParseFunc),
-    JFUNCTION(json_test1,         1, 0,  jsonTest1Func),
+    JFUNCTION(json_parse,         1,1,0, 0,0,0,          jsonParseFunc),
 #endif
     WAGGREGATE(json_group_array,  1, 0, 0,
        jsonArrayStep, jsonArrayFinal, jsonArrayValue, jsonGroupInverse,
-       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC),
+       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_UTF8|
+       SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC),
+    WAGGREGATE(jsonb_group_array, 1, JSON_BLOB, 0,
+       jsonArrayStep, jsonArrayFinal, jsonArrayValue, jsonGroupInverse,
+       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC),
     WAGGREGATE(json_group_object, 2, 0, 0,
        jsonObjectStep, jsonObjectFinal, jsonObjectValue, jsonGroupInverse,
-       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC)
+       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC),
+    WAGGREGATE(jsonb_group_object,2, JSON_BLOB, 0,
+       jsonObjectStep, jsonObjectFinal, jsonObjectValue, jsonGroupInverse,
+       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_UTF8|
+       SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC)
   };
   sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aJsonFunc, ArraySize(aJsonFunc));
 #endif
@@ -205255,6 +210489,7 @@ struct Rtree {
   int iDepth;                 /* Current depth of the r-tree structure */
   char *zDb;                  /* Name of database containing r-tree table */
   char *zName;                /* Name of r-tree table */
+  char *zNodeName;            /* Name of the %_node table */
   u32 nBusy;                  /* Current number of users of this structure */
   i64 nRowEst;                /* Estimated number of rows in this table */
   u32 nCursor;                /* Number of open cursors */
@@ -205267,7 +210502,6 @@ struct Rtree {
   ** headed by the node (leaf nodes have RtreeNode.iNode==0).
   */
   RtreeNode *pDeleted;
-  int iReinsertHeight;        /* Height of sub-trees Reinsert() has run on */
 
   /* Blob I/O on xxx_node */
   sqlite3_blob *pNodeBlob;
@@ -205564,15 +210798,20 @@ struct RtreeMatchArg {
 ** -DSQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER=1 is set, then byte-order is determined
 ** at run-time.
 */
-#ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
-# if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
+#ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER /* Replicate changes at tag-20230904a */
+# if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && __BYTE_ORDER__==__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 4321
+# elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && __BYTE_ORDER__==__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 1234
+# elif defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) && __BIG_ENDIAN__==1
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 4321
+# elif defined(i386)    || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
-#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
-# elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
-       defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
-#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 1234
+# elif defined(sparc)   || defined(__ARMEB__)     || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
+#   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 4321
 # else
 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
 # endif
@@ -205778,11 +211017,9 @@ static RtreeNode *nodeNew(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pParent){
 ** Clear the Rtree.pNodeBlob object
 */
 static void nodeBlobReset(Rtree *pRtree){
-  if( pRtree->pNodeBlob && pRtree->inWrTrans==0 && pRtree->nCursor==0 ){
-    sqlite3_blob *pBlob = pRtree->pNodeBlob;
-    pRtree->pNodeBlob = 0;
-    sqlite3_blob_close(pBlob);
-  }
+  sqlite3_blob *pBlob = pRtree->pNodeBlob;
+  pRtree->pNodeBlob = 0;
+  sqlite3_blob_close(pBlob);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -205801,7 +211038,7 @@ static int nodeAcquire(
   ** increase its reference count and return it.
   */
   if( (pNode = nodeHashLookup(pRtree, iNode))!=0 ){
-    if( pParent && pParent!=pNode->pParent ){
+    if( pParent && ALWAYS(pParent!=pNode->pParent) ){
       RTREE_IS_CORRUPT(pRtree);
       return SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
     }
@@ -205821,14 +211058,11 @@ static int nodeAcquire(
     }
   }
   if( pRtree->pNodeBlob==0 ){
-    char *zTab = sqlite3_mprintf("%s_node", pRtree->zName);
-    if( zTab==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    rc = sqlite3_blob_open(pRtree->db, pRtree->zDb, zTab, "data", iNode, 0,
+    rc = sqlite3_blob_open(pRtree->db, pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zNodeName,
+                           "data", iNode, 0,
                            &pRtree->pNodeBlob);
-    sqlite3_free(zTab);
   }
   if( rc ){
-    nodeBlobReset(pRtree);
     *ppNode = 0;
     /* If unable to open an sqlite3_blob on the desired row, that can only
     ** be because the shadow tables hold erroneous data. */
@@ -205888,6 +211122,7 @@ static int nodeAcquire(
     }
     *ppNode = pNode;
   }else{
+    nodeBlobReset(pRtree);
     if( pNode ){
       pRtree->nNodeRef--;
       sqlite3_free(pNode);
@@ -206032,6 +211267,7 @@ static void nodeGetCoord(
   int iCoord,                  /* Which coordinate to extract */
   RtreeCoord *pCoord           /* OUT: Space to write result to */
 ){
+  assert( iCell<NCELL(pNode) );
   readCoord(&pNode->zData[12 + pRtree->nBytesPerCell*iCell + 4*iCoord], pCoord);
 }
 
@@ -206221,7 +211457,9 @@ static int rtreeClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
   sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pReadAux);
   sqlite3_free(pCsr);
   pRtree->nCursor--;
-  nodeBlobReset(pRtree);
+  if( pRtree->nCursor==0 && pRtree->inWrTrans==0 ){
+    nodeBlobReset(pRtree);
+  }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -206806,7 +212044,11 @@ static int rtreeRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   RtreeNode *pNode = rtreeNodeOfFirstSearchPoint(pCsr, &rc);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ALWAYS(p) ){
-    *pRowid = nodeGetRowid(RTREE_OF_CURSOR(pCsr), pNode, p->iCell);
+    if( p->iCell>=NCELL(pNode) ){
+      rc = SQLITE_ABORT;
+    }else{
+      *pRowid = nodeGetRowid(RTREE_OF_CURSOR(pCsr), pNode, p->iCell);
+    }
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -206824,6 +212066,7 @@ static int rtreeColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
 
   if( rc ) return rc;
   if( NEVER(p==0) ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  if( p->iCell>=NCELL(pNode) ) return SQLITE_ABORT;
   if( i==0 ){
     sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pNode, p->iCell));
   }else if( i<=pRtree->nDim2 ){
@@ -206921,6 +212164,8 @@ static int deserializeGeometry(sqlite3_value *pValue, RtreeConstraint *pCons){
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IntFloatCompare(i64,double);
+
 /*
 ** Rtree virtual table module xFilter method.
 */
@@ -206950,7 +212195,8 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
     i64 iNode = 0;
     int eType = sqlite3_value_numeric_type(argv[0]);
     if( eType==SQLITE_INTEGER
-     || (eType==SQLITE_FLOAT && sqlite3_value_double(argv[0])==iRowid)
+     || (eType==SQLITE_FLOAT
+         && 0==sqlite3IntFloatCompare(iRowid,sqlite3_value_double(argv[0])))
     ){
       rc = findLeafNode(pRtree, iRowid, &pLeaf, &iNode);
     }else{
@@ -207166,8 +212412,12 @@ static int rtreeBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
 
   pIdxInfo->idxNum = 2;
   pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr = 1;
-  if( iIdx>0 && 0==(pIdxInfo->idxStr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zIdxStr)) ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  if( iIdx>0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->idxStr = sqlite3_malloc( iIdx+1 );
+    if( pIdxInfo->idxStr==0 ){
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    memcpy(pIdxInfo->idxStr, zIdxStr, iIdx+1);
   }
 
   nRow = pRtree->nRowEst >> (iIdx/2);
@@ -207246,31 +212496,22 @@ static void cellUnion(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p1, RtreeCell *p2){
 */
 static int cellContains(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p1, RtreeCell *p2){
   int ii;
-  int isInt = (pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_INT32);
-  for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim2; ii+=2){
-    RtreeCoord *a1 = &p1->aCoord[ii];
-    RtreeCoord *a2 = &p2->aCoord[ii];
-    if( (!isInt && (a2[0].f<a1[0].f || a2[1].f>a1[1].f))
-     || ( isInt && (a2[0].i<a1[0].i || a2[1].i>a1[1].i))
-    ){
-      return 0;
+  if( pRtree->eCoordType==RTREE_COORD_INT32 ){
+    for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim2; ii+=2){
+      RtreeCoord *a1 = &p1->aCoord[ii];
+      RtreeCoord *a2 = &p2->aCoord[ii];
+      if( a2[0].i<a1[0].i || a2[1].i>a1[1].i ) return 0;
+    }
+  }else{
+    for(ii=0; ii<pRtree->nDim2; ii+=2){
+      RtreeCoord *a1 = &p1->aCoord[ii];
+      RtreeCoord *a2 = &p2->aCoord[ii];
+      if( a2[0].f<a1[0].f || a2[1].f>a1[1].f ) return 0;
     }
   }
   return 1;
 }
 
-/*
-** Return the amount cell p would grow by if it were unioned with pCell.
-*/
-static RtreeDValue cellGrowth(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeCell *p, RtreeCell *pCell){
-  RtreeDValue area;
-  RtreeCell cell;
-  memcpy(&cell, p, sizeof(RtreeCell));
-  area = cellArea(pRtree, &cell);
-  cellUnion(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
-  return (cellArea(pRtree, &cell)-area);
-}
-
 static RtreeDValue cellOverlap(
   Rtree *pRtree,
   RtreeCell *p,
@@ -207317,38 +212558,52 @@ static int ChooseLeaf(
   for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<(pRtree->iDepth-iHeight); ii++){
     int iCell;
     sqlite3_int64 iBest = 0;
-
+    int bFound = 0;
     RtreeDValue fMinGrowth = RTREE_ZERO;
     RtreeDValue fMinArea = RTREE_ZERO;
-
     int nCell = NCELL(pNode);
-    RtreeCell cell;
     RtreeNode *pChild = 0;
 
-    RtreeCell *aCell = 0;
-
-    /* Select the child node which will be enlarged the least if pCell
-    ** is inserted into it. Resolve ties by choosing the entry with
-    ** the smallest area.
+    /* First check to see if there is are any cells in pNode that completely
+    ** contains pCell.  If two or more cells in pNode completely contain pCell
+    ** then pick the smallest.
     */
     for(iCell=0; iCell<nCell; iCell++){
-      int bBest = 0;
-      RtreeDValue growth;
-      RtreeDValue area;
+      RtreeCell cell;
       nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, iCell, &cell);
-      growth = cellGrowth(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
-      area = cellArea(pRtree, &cell);
-      if( iCell==0||growth<fMinGrowth||(growth==fMinGrowth && area<fMinArea) ){
-        bBest = 1;
+      if( cellContains(pRtree, &cell, pCell) ){
+        RtreeDValue area = cellArea(pRtree, &cell);
+        if( bFound==0 || area<fMinArea ){
+          iBest = cell.iRowid;
+          fMinArea = area;
+          bFound = 1;
+        }
       }
-      if( bBest ){
-        fMinGrowth = growth;
-        fMinArea = area;
-        iBest = cell.iRowid;
+    }
+    if( !bFound ){
+      /* No cells of pNode will completely contain pCell.  So pick the
+      ** cell of pNode that grows by the least amount when pCell is added.
+      ** Break ties by selecting the smaller cell.
+      */
+      for(iCell=0; iCell<nCell; iCell++){
+        RtreeCell cell;
+        RtreeDValue growth;
+        RtreeDValue area;
+        nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, iCell, &cell);
+        area = cellArea(pRtree, &cell);
+        cellUnion(pRtree, &cell, pCell);
+        growth = cellArea(pRtree, &cell)-area;
+        if( iCell==0
+         || growth<fMinGrowth
+         || (growth==fMinGrowth && area<fMinArea)
+        ){
+          fMinGrowth = growth;
+          fMinArea = area;
+          iBest = cell.iRowid;
+        }
       }
     }
 
-    sqlite3_free(aCell);
     rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iBest, pNode, &pChild);
     nodeRelease(pRtree, pNode);
     pNode = pChild;
@@ -207421,77 +212676,6 @@ static int parentWrite(Rtree *pRtree, sqlite3_int64 iNode, sqlite3_int64 iPar){
 static int rtreeInsertCell(Rtree *, RtreeNode *, RtreeCell *, int);
 
 
-/*
-** Arguments aIdx, aDistance and aSpare all point to arrays of size
-** nIdx. The aIdx array contains the set of integers from 0 to
-** (nIdx-1) in no particular order. This function sorts the values
-** in aIdx according to the indexed values in aDistance. For
-** example, assuming the inputs:
-**
-**   aIdx      = { 0,   1,   2,   3 }
-**   aDistance = { 5.0, 2.0, 7.0, 6.0 }
-**
-** this function sets the aIdx array to contain:
-**
-**   aIdx      = { 0,   1,   2,   3 }
-**
-** The aSpare array is used as temporary working space by the
-** sorting algorithm.
-*/
-static void SortByDistance(
-  int *aIdx,
-  int nIdx,
-  RtreeDValue *aDistance,
-  int *aSpare
-){
-  if( nIdx>1 ){
-    int iLeft = 0;
-    int iRight = 0;
-
-    int nLeft = nIdx/2;
-    int nRight = nIdx-nLeft;
-    int *aLeft = aIdx;
-    int *aRight = &aIdx[nLeft];
-
-    SortByDistance(aLeft, nLeft, aDistance, aSpare);
-    SortByDistance(aRight, nRight, aDistance, aSpare);
-
-    memcpy(aSpare, aLeft, sizeof(int)*nLeft);
-    aLeft = aSpare;
-
-    while( iLeft<nLeft || iRight<nRight ){
-      if( iLeft==nLeft ){
-        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aRight[iRight];
-        iRight++;
-      }else if( iRight==nRight ){
-        aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aLeft[iLeft];
-        iLeft++;
-      }else{
-        RtreeDValue fLeft = aDistance[aLeft[iLeft]];
-        RtreeDValue fRight = aDistance[aRight[iRight]];
-        if( fLeft<fRight ){
-          aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aLeft[iLeft];
-          iLeft++;
-        }else{
-          aIdx[iLeft+iRight] = aRight[iRight];
-          iRight++;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-#if 0
-    /* Check that the sort worked */
-    {
-      int jj;
-      for(jj=1; jj<nIdx; jj++){
-        RtreeDValue left = aDistance[aIdx[jj-1]];
-        RtreeDValue right = aDistance[aIdx[jj]];
-        assert( left<=right );
-      }
-    }
-#endif
-  }
-}
 
 /*
 ** Arguments aIdx, aCell and aSpare all point to arrays of size
@@ -207976,107 +213160,6 @@ static int deleteCell(Rtree *pRtree, RtreeNode *pNode, int iCell, int iHeight){
   return rc;
 }
 
-static int Reinsert(
-  Rtree *pRtree,
-  RtreeNode *pNode,
-  RtreeCell *pCell,
-  int iHeight
-){
-  int *aOrder;
-  int *aSpare;
-  RtreeCell *aCell;
-  RtreeDValue *aDistance;
-  int nCell;
-  RtreeDValue aCenterCoord[RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
-  int iDim;
-  int ii;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int n;
-
-  memset(aCenterCoord, 0, sizeof(RtreeDValue)*RTREE_MAX_DIMENSIONS);
-
-  nCell = NCELL(pNode)+1;
-  n = (nCell+1)&(~1);
-
-  /* Allocate the buffers used by this operation. The allocation is
-  ** relinquished before this function returns.
-  */
-  aCell = (RtreeCell *)sqlite3_malloc64(n * (
-    sizeof(RtreeCell)     +         /* aCell array */
-    sizeof(int)           +         /* aOrder array */
-    sizeof(int)           +         /* aSpare array */
-    sizeof(RtreeDValue)             /* aDistance array */
-  ));
-  if( !aCell ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-  aOrder    = (int *)&aCell[n];
-  aSpare    = (int *)&aOrder[n];
-  aDistance = (RtreeDValue *)&aSpare[n];
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
-    if( ii==(nCell-1) ){
-      memcpy(&aCell[ii], pCell, sizeof(RtreeCell));
-    }else{
-      nodeGetCell(pRtree, pNode, ii, &aCell[ii]);
-    }
-    aOrder[ii] = ii;
-    for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
-      aCenterCoord[iDim] += DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2]);
-      aCenterCoord[iDim] += DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2+1]);
-    }
-  }
-  for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
-    aCenterCoord[iDim] = (aCenterCoord[iDim]/(nCell*(RtreeDValue)2));
-  }
-
-  for(ii=0; ii<nCell; ii++){
-    aDistance[ii] = RTREE_ZERO;
-    for(iDim=0; iDim<pRtree->nDim; iDim++){
-      RtreeDValue coord = (DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2+1]) -
-                               DCOORD(aCell[ii].aCoord[iDim*2]));
-      aDistance[ii] += (coord-aCenterCoord[iDim])*(coord-aCenterCoord[iDim]);
-    }
-  }
-
-  SortByDistance(aOrder, nCell, aDistance, aSpare);
-  nodeZero(pRtree, pNode);
-
-  for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<(nCell-(RTREE_MINCELLS(pRtree)+1)); ii++){
-    RtreeCell *p = &aCell[aOrder[ii]];
-    nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pNode, p);
-    if( p->iRowid==pCell->iRowid ){
-      if( iHeight==0 ){
-        rc = rowidWrite(pRtree, p->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
-      }else{
-        rc = parentWrite(pRtree, p->iRowid, pNode->iNode);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = fixBoundingBox(pRtree, pNode);
-  }
-  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<nCell; ii++){
-    /* Find a node to store this cell in. pNode->iNode currently contains
-    ** the height of the sub-tree headed by the cell.
-    */
-    RtreeNode *pInsert;
-    RtreeCell *p = &aCell[aOrder[ii]];
-    rc = ChooseLeaf(pRtree, p, iHeight, &pInsert);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      int rc2;
-      rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pInsert, p, iHeight);
-      rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pInsert);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  sqlite3_free(aCell);
-  return rc;
-}
-
 /*
 ** Insert cell pCell into node pNode. Node pNode is the head of a
 ** subtree iHeight high (leaf nodes have iHeight==0).
@@ -208097,12 +213180,7 @@ static int rtreeInsertCell(
     }
   }
   if( nodeInsertCell(pRtree, pNode, pCell) ){
-    if( iHeight<=pRtree->iReinsertHeight || pNode->iNode==1){
-      rc = SplitNode(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
-    }else{
-      pRtree->iReinsertHeight = iHeight;
-      rc = Reinsert(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
-    }
+    rc = SplitNode(pRtree, pNode, pCell, iHeight);
   }else{
     rc = AdjustTree(pRtree, pNode, pCell);
     if( ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) ){
@@ -208445,7 +213523,6 @@ static int rtreeUpdate(
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       int rc2;
-      pRtree->iReinsertHeight = -1;
       rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeaf, &cell, 0);
       rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeaf);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -208475,7 +213552,7 @@ constraint:
 static int rtreeBeginTransaction(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree *)pVtab;
   assert( pRtree->inWrTrans==0 );
-  pRtree->inWrTrans++;
+  pRtree->inWrTrans = 1;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -208489,6 +213566,9 @@ static int rtreeEndTransaction(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
   nodeBlobReset(pRtree);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
+static int rtreeRollback(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  return rtreeEndTransaction(pVtab);
+}
 
 /*
 ** The xRename method for rtree module virtual tables.
@@ -208586,8 +213666,11 @@ static int rtreeShadowName(const char *zName){
   return 0;
 }
 
+/* Forward declaration */
+static int rtreeIntegrity(sqlite3_vtab*, const char*, const char*, int, char**);
+
 static sqlite3_module rtreeModule = {
-  3,                          /* iVersion */
+  4,                          /* iVersion */
   rtreeCreate,                /* xCreate - create a table */
   rtreeConnect,               /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
   rtreeBestIndex,             /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
@@ -208604,13 +213687,14 @@ static sqlite3_module rtreeModule = {
   rtreeBeginTransaction,      /* xBegin - begin transaction */
   rtreeEndTransaction,        /* xSync - sync transaction */
   rtreeEndTransaction,        /* xCommit - commit transaction */
-  rtreeEndTransaction,        /* xRollback - rollback transaction */
+  rtreeRollback,              /* xRollback - rollback transaction */
   0,                          /* xFindFunction - function overloading */
   rtreeRename,                /* xRename - rename the table */
   rtreeSavepoint,             /* xSavepoint */
   0,                          /* xRelease */
   0,                          /* xRollbackTo */
-  rtreeShadowName             /* xShadowName */
+  rtreeShadowName,            /* xShadowName */
+  rtreeIntegrity              /* xIntegrity */
 };
 
 static int rtreeSqlInit(
@@ -208703,7 +213787,7 @@ static int rtreeSqlInit(
     }
     sqlite3_free(zSql);
   }
-  if( pRtree->nAux ){
+  if( pRtree->nAux && rc!=SQLITE_NOMEM ){
     pRtree->zReadAuxSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
        "SELECT * FROM \"%w\".\"%w_rowid\" WHERE rowid=?1",
        zDb, zPrefix);
@@ -208866,22 +213950,27 @@ static int rtreeInit(
   }
 
   sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT, 1);
+  sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS);
+
 
   /* Allocate the sqlite3_vtab structure */
   nDb = (int)strlen(argv[1]);
   nName = (int)strlen(argv[2]);
-  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
+  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName*2+8);
   if( !pRtree ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
-  memset(pRtree, 0, sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
+  memset(pRtree, 0, sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName*2+8);
   pRtree->nBusy = 1;
   pRtree->base.pModule = &rtreeModule;
   pRtree->zDb = (char *)&pRtree[1];
   pRtree->zName = &pRtree->zDb[nDb+1];
+  pRtree->zNodeName = &pRtree->zName[nName+1];
   pRtree->eCoordType = (u8)eCoordType;
   memcpy(pRtree->zDb, argv[1], nDb);
   memcpy(pRtree->zName, argv[2], nName);
+  memcpy(pRtree->zNodeName, argv[2], nName);
+  memcpy(&pRtree->zNodeName[nName], "_node", 6);
 
 
   /* Create/Connect to the underlying relational database schema. If
@@ -209378,7 +214467,6 @@ static int rtreeCheckTable(
 ){
   RtreeCheck check;               /* Common context for various routines */
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;        /* Used to find column count of rtree table */
-  int bEnd = 0;                   /* True if transaction should be closed */
   int nAux = 0;                   /* Number of extra columns. */
 
   /* Initialize the context object */
@@ -209387,24 +214475,14 @@ static int rtreeCheckTable(
   check.zDb = zDb;
   check.zTab = zTab;
 
-  /* If there is not already an open transaction, open one now. This is
-  ** to ensure that the queries run as part of this integrity-check operate
-  ** on a consistent snapshot.  */
-  if( sqlite3_get_autocommit(db) ){
-    check.rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "BEGIN", 0, 0, 0);
-    bEnd = 1;
-  }
-
   /* Find the number of auxiliary columns */
-  if( check.rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    pStmt = rtreeCheckPrepare(&check, "SELECT * FROM %Q.'%q_rowid'", zDb, zTab);
-    if( pStmt ){
-      nAux = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt) - 2;
-      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    }else
-    if( check.rc!=SQLITE_NOMEM ){
-      check.rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    }
+  pStmt = rtreeCheckPrepare(&check, "SELECT * FROM %Q.'%q_rowid'", zDb, zTab);
+  if( pStmt ){
+    nAux = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt) - 2;
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  }else
+  if( check.rc!=SQLITE_NOMEM ){
+    check.rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
   /* Find number of dimensions in the rtree table. */
@@ -209435,16 +214513,36 @@ static int rtreeCheckTable(
   sqlite3_finalize(check.aCheckMapping[0]);
   sqlite3_finalize(check.aCheckMapping[1]);
 
-  /* If one was opened, close the transaction */
-  if( bEnd ){
-    int rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "END", 0, 0, 0);
-    if( check.rc==SQLITE_OK ) check.rc = rc;
-  }
   *pzReport = check.zReport;
   return check.rc;
 }
 
 /*
+** Implementation of the xIntegrity method for Rtree.
+*/
+static int rtreeIntegrity(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,   /* The virtual table to check */
+  const char *zSchema,   /* Schema in which the virtual table lives */
+  const char *zName,     /* Name of the virtual table */
+  int isQuick,           /* True for a quick_check */
+  char **pzErr           /* Write results here */
+){
+  Rtree *pRtree = (Rtree*)pVtab;
+  int rc;
+  assert( pzErr!=0 && *pzErr==0 );
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zSchema);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(zName);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(isQuick);
+  rc = rtreeCheckTable(pRtree->db, pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, pzErr);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && *pzErr ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("In RTree %s.%s:\n%z",
+                 pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName, *pzErr);
+    if( (*pzErr)==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Usage:
 **
 **   rtreecheck(<rtree-table>);
@@ -210765,24 +215863,28 @@ static int geopolyInit(
   (void)pAux;
 
   sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT, 1);
+  sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS);
 
   /* Allocate the sqlite3_vtab structure */
   nDb = strlen(argv[1]);
   nName = strlen(argv[2]);
-  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
+  pRtree = (Rtree *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName*2+8);
   if( !pRtree ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
-  memset(pRtree, 0, sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName+2);
+  memset(pRtree, 0, sizeof(Rtree)+nDb+nName*2+8);
   pRtree->nBusy = 1;
   pRtree->base.pModule = &rtreeModule;
   pRtree->zDb = (char *)&pRtree[1];
   pRtree->zName = &pRtree->zDb[nDb+1];
+  pRtree->zNodeName = &pRtree->zName[nName+1];
   pRtree->eCoordType = RTREE_COORD_REAL32;
   pRtree->nDim = 2;
   pRtree->nDim2 = 4;
   memcpy(pRtree->zDb, argv[1], nDb);
   memcpy(pRtree->zName, argv[2], nName);
+  memcpy(pRtree->zNodeName, argv[2], nName);
+  memcpy(&pRtree->zNodeName[nName], "_node", 6);
 
 
   /* Create/Connect to the underlying relational database schema. If
@@ -211196,7 +216298,6 @@ static int geopolyUpdate(
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       int rc2;
-      pRtree->iReinsertHeight = -1;
       rc = rtreeInsertCell(pRtree, pLeaf, &cell, 0);
       rc2 = nodeRelease(pRtree, pLeaf);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -211293,7 +216394,8 @@ static sqlite3_module geopolyModule = {
   rtreeSavepoint,             /* xSavepoint */
   0,                          /* xRelease */
   0,                          /* xRollbackTo */
-  rtreeShadowName             /* xShadowName */
+  rtreeShadowName,            /* xShadowName */
+  rtreeIntegrity              /* xIntegrity */
 };
 
 static int sqlite3_geopoly_init(sqlite3 *db){
@@ -212004,7 +217106,7 @@ static void icuLoadCollation(
   UCollator *pUCollator;    /* ICU library collation object */
   int rc;                   /* Return code from sqlite3_create_collation_x() */
 
-  assert(nArg==2);
+  assert(nArg==2 || nArg==3);
   (void)nArg; /* Unused parameter */
   zLocale = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[0]);
   zName = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[1]);
@@ -212019,7 +217121,39 @@ static void icuLoadCollation(
     return;
   }
   assert(p);
-
+  if(nArg==3){
+    const char *zOption = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[2]);
+    static const struct {
+       const char *zName;
+       UColAttributeValue val;
+    } aStrength[] = {
+      {  "PRIMARY",      UCOL_PRIMARY           },
+      {  "SECONDARY",    UCOL_SECONDARY         },
+      {  "TERTIARY",     UCOL_TERTIARY          },
+      {  "DEFAULT",      UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH  },
+      {  "QUARTERNARY",  UCOL_QUATERNARY        },
+      {  "IDENTICAL",    UCOL_IDENTICAL         },
+    };
+    unsigned int i;
+    for(i=0; i<sizeof(aStrength)/sizeof(aStrength[0]); i++){
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(zOption,aStrength[i].zName)==0 ){
+        ucol_setStrength(pUCollator, aStrength[i].val);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if( i>=sizeof(aStrength)/sizeof(aStrength[0]) ){
+      sqlite3_str *pStr = sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3_context_db_handle(p));
+      sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr,
+         "unknown collation strength \"%s\" - should be one of:",
+         zOption);
+      for(i=0; i<sizeof(aStrength)/sizeof(aStrength[0]); i++){
+         sqlite3_str_appendf(pStr, " %s", aStrength[i].zName);
+      }
+      sqlite3_result_error(p, sqlite3_str_value(pStr), -1);
+      sqlite3_free(sqlite3_str_finish(pStr));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
   rc = sqlite3_create_collation_v2(db, zName, SQLITE_UTF16, (void *)pUCollator,
       icuCollationColl, icuCollationDel
   );
@@ -212042,6 +217176,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IcuInit(sqlite3 *db){
     void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
   } scalars[] = {
     {"icu_load_collation",2,SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY,1, icuLoadCollation},
+    {"icu_load_collation",3,SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY,1, icuLoadCollation},
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
     {"regexp", 2, SQLITE_ANY|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,         0, icuRegexpFunc},
     {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITEICU_EXTRAFLAGS,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
@@ -213192,6 +218327,7 @@ typedef unsigned int u32;
 typedef unsigned short u16;
 typedef unsigned char u8;
 typedef sqlite3_int64 i64;
+typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -213878,6 +219014,7 @@ static int rbuObjIterNext(sqlite3rbu *p, RbuObjIter *pIter){
         if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
           rc = resetAndCollectError(pIter->pTblIter, &p->zErrmsg);
           pIter->zTbl = 0;
+          pIter->zDataTbl = 0;
         }else{
           pIter->zTbl = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIter->pTblIter, 0);
           pIter->zDataTbl = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIter->pTblIter,1);
@@ -215972,7 +221109,7 @@ static i64 rbuShmChecksum(sqlite3rbu *p){
     u32 volatile *ptr;
     p->rc = pDb->pMethods->xShmMap(pDb, 0, 32*1024, 0, (void volatile**)&ptr);
     if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      iRet = ((i64)ptr[10] << 32) + ptr[11];
+      iRet = (i64)(((u64)ptr[10] << 32) + ptr[11]);
     }
   }
   return iRet;
@@ -219307,7 +224444,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3 *db){
     0,                            /* xSavepoint */
     0,                            /* xRelease */
     0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
-    0                             /* xShadowName */
+    0,                            /* xShadowName */
+    0                             /* xIntegrity */
   };
   return sqlite3_create_module(db, "dbstat", &dbstat_module, 0);
 }
@@ -219744,7 +224882,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3 *db){
     0,                            /* xSavepoint */
     0,                            /* xRelease */
     0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
-    0                             /* xShadowName */
+    0,                            /* xShadowName */
+    0                             /* xIntegrity */
   };
   return sqlite3_create_module(db, "sqlite_dbpage", &dbpage_module, 0);
 }
@@ -219875,6 +225014,18 @@ struct sqlite3_changeset_iter {
 ** The data associated with each hash-table entry is a structure containing
 ** a subset of the initial values that the modified row contained at the
 ** start of the session. Or no initial values if the row was inserted.
+**
+** pDfltStmt:
+**   This is only used by the sqlite3changegroup_xxx() APIs, not by
+**   regular sqlite3_session objects. It is a SELECT statement that
+**   selects the default value for each table column. For example,
+**   if the table is
+**
+**      CREATE TABLE xx(a DEFAULT 1, b, c DEFAULT 'abc')
+**
+**   then this variable is the compiled version of:
+**
+**      SELECT 1, NULL, 'abc'
 */
 struct SessionTable {
   SessionTable *pNext;
@@ -219883,10 +225034,12 @@ struct SessionTable {
   int bStat1;                     /* True if this is sqlite_stat1 */
   int bRowid;                     /* True if this table uses rowid for PK */
   const char **azCol;             /* Column names */
+  const char **azDflt;            /* Default value expressions */
   u8 *abPK;                       /* Array of primary key flags */
   int nEntry;                     /* Total number of entries in hash table */
   int nChange;                    /* Size of apChange[] array */
   SessionChange **apChange;       /* Hash table buckets */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pDfltStmt;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -220055,6 +225208,7 @@ struct SessionTable {
 struct SessionChange {
   u8 op;                          /* One of UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT */
   u8 bIndirect;                   /* True if this change is "indirect" */
+  u16 nRecordField;               /* Number of fields in aRecord[] */
   int nMaxSize;                   /* Max size of eventual changeset record */
   int nRecord;                    /* Number of bytes in buffer aRecord[] */
   u8 *aRecord;                    /* Buffer containing old.* record */
@@ -220080,7 +225234,7 @@ static int sessionVarintLen(int iVal){
 ** Read a varint value from aBuf[] into *piVal. Return the number of
 ** bytes read.
 */
-static int sessionVarintGet(u8 *aBuf, int *piVal){
+static int sessionVarintGet(const u8 *aBuf, int *piVal){
   return getVarint32(aBuf, *piVal);
 }
 
@@ -220343,9 +225497,11 @@ static int sessionPreupdateHash(
 ** Return the number of bytes of space occupied by the value (including
 ** the type byte).
 */
-static int sessionSerialLen(u8 *a){
-  int e = *a;
+static int sessionSerialLen(const u8 *a){
+  int e;
   int n;
+  assert( a!=0 );
+  e = *a;
   if( e==0 || e==0xFF ) return 1;
   if( e==SQLITE_NULL ) return 1;
   if( e==SQLITE_INTEGER || e==SQLITE_FLOAT ) return 9;
@@ -220750,13 +225906,14 @@ static int sessionGrowHash(
 **
 ** For example, if the table is declared as:
 **
-**     CREATE TABLE tbl1(w, x, y, z, PRIMARY KEY(w, z));
+**     CREATE TABLE tbl1(w, x DEFAULT 'abc', y, z, PRIMARY KEY(w, z));
 **
-** Then the four output variables are populated as follows:
+** Then the five output variables are populated as follows:
 **
 **     *pnCol  = 4
 **     *pzTab  = "tbl1"
 **     *pazCol = {"w", "x", "y", "z"}
+**     *pazDflt = {NULL, 'abc', NULL, NULL}
 **     *pabPK  = {1, 0, 0, 1}
 **
 ** All returned buffers are part of the same single allocation, which must
@@ -220770,6 +225927,7 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
   int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: number of columns */
   const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Copy of zThis */
   const char ***pazCol,           /* OUT: Array of column names for table */
+  const char ***pazDflt,          /* OUT: Array of default value expressions */
   u8 **pabPK,                     /* OUT: Array of booleans - true for PK col */
   int *pbRowid                    /* OUT: True if only PK is a rowid */
 ){
@@ -220782,11 +225940,18 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
   int i;
   u8 *pAlloc = 0;
   char **azCol = 0;
+  char **azDflt = 0;
   u8 *abPK = 0;
   int bRowid = 0;                 /* Set to true to use rowid as PK */
 
   assert( pazCol && pabPK );
 
+  *pazCol = 0;
+  *pabPK = 0;
+  *pnCol = 0;
+  if( pzTab ) *pzTab = 0;
+  if( pazDflt ) *pazDflt = 0;
+
   nThis = sqlite3Strlen30(zThis);
   if( nThis==12 && 0==sqlite3_stricmp("sqlite_stat1", zThis) ){
     rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(db, zDb, zThis, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -220800,39 +225965,28 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
     }else if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
       zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf("");
     }else{
-      *pazCol = 0;
-      *pabPK = 0;
-      *pnCol = 0;
-      if( pzTab ) *pzTab = 0;
       return rc;
     }
   }else{
     zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA '%q'.table_info('%q')", zDb, zThis);
   }
   if( !zPragma ){
-    *pazCol = 0;
-    *pabPK = 0;
-    *pnCol = 0;
-    if( pzTab ) *pzTab = 0;
     return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   }
 
   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zPragma, -1, &pStmt, 0);
   sqlite3_free(zPragma);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    *pazCol = 0;
-    *pabPK = 0;
-    *pnCol = 0;
-    if( pzTab ) *pzTab = 0;
     return rc;
   }
 
   nByte = nThis + 1;
   bRowid = (pbRowid!=0);
   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
-    nByte += sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 1);
+    nByte += sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 1);          /* name */
+    nByte += sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 4);          /* dflt_value */
     nDbCol++;
-    if( sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 5) ) bRowid = 0;
+    if( sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 5) ) bRowid = 0;    /* pk */
   }
   if( nDbCol==0 ) bRowid = 0;
   nDbCol += bRowid;
@@ -220840,15 +225994,18 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
   rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    nByte += nDbCol * (sizeof(const char *) + sizeof(u8) + 1);
+    nByte += nDbCol * (sizeof(const char *)*2 + sizeof(u8) + 1 + 1);
     pAlloc = sessionMalloc64(pSession, nByte);
     if( pAlloc==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      memset(pAlloc, 0, nByte);
     }
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     azCol = (char **)pAlloc;
-    pAlloc = (u8 *)&azCol[nDbCol];
+    azDflt = (char**)&azCol[nDbCol];
+    pAlloc = (u8 *)&azDflt[nDbCol];
     abPK = (u8 *)pAlloc;
     pAlloc = &abPK[nDbCol];
     if( pzTab ){
@@ -220868,11 +226025,21 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
     }
     while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
       int nName = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 1);
+      int nDflt = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 4);
       const unsigned char *zName = sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
+      const unsigned char *zDflt = sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 4);
+
       if( zName==0 ) break;
       memcpy(pAlloc, zName, nName+1);
       azCol[i] = (char *)pAlloc;
       pAlloc += nName+1;
+      if( zDflt ){
+        memcpy(pAlloc, zDflt, nDflt+1);
+        azDflt[i] = (char *)pAlloc;
+        pAlloc += nDflt+1;
+      }else{
+        azDflt[i] = 0;
+      }
       abPK[i] = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 5);
       i++;
     }
@@ -220883,14 +226050,11 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
   ** free any allocation made. An error code will be returned in this case.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    *pazCol = (const char **)azCol;
+    *pazCol = (const char**)azCol;
+    if( pazDflt ) *pazDflt = (const char**)azDflt;
     *pabPK = abPK;
     *pnCol = nDbCol;
   }else{
-    *pazCol = 0;
-    *pabPK = 0;
-    *pnCol = 0;
-    if( pzTab ) *pzTab = 0;
     sessionFree(pSession, azCol);
   }
   if( pbRowid ) *pbRowid = bRowid;
@@ -220899,10 +226063,9 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is only called from within a pre-update handler for a
-** write to table pTab, part of session pSession. If this is the first
-** write to this table, initalize the SessionTable.nCol, azCol[] and
-** abPK[] arrays accordingly.
+** This function is called to initialize the SessionTable.nCol, azCol[]
+** abPK[] and azDflt[] members of SessionTable object pTab. If these
+** fields are already initilialized, this function is a no-op.
 **
 ** If an error occurs, an error code is stored in sqlite3_session.rc and
 ** non-zero returned. Or, if no error occurs but the table has no primary
@@ -220910,15 +226073,22 @@ static int sessionTableInfo(
 ** indicate that updates on this table should be ignored. SessionTable.abPK
 ** is set to NULL in this case.
 */
-static int sessionInitTable(sqlite3_session *pSession, SessionTable *pTab){
+static int sessionInitTable(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Optional session handle */
+  SessionTable *pTab,             /* Table object to initialize */
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to read schema from */
+  const char *zDb                 /* Name of db - "main", "temp" etc. */
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
   if( pTab->nCol==0 ){
     u8 *abPK;
     assert( pTab->azCol==0 || pTab->abPK==0 );
-    pSession->rc = sessionTableInfo(pSession, pSession->db, pSession->zDb,
-        pTab->zName, &pTab->nCol, 0, &pTab->azCol, &abPK,
-        (pSession->bImplicitPK ? &pTab->bRowid : 0)
+    rc = sessionTableInfo(pSession, db, zDb,
+        pTab->zName, &pTab->nCol, 0, &pTab->azCol, &pTab->azDflt, &abPK,
+        ((pSession==0 || pSession->bImplicitPK) ? &pTab->bRowid : 0)
     );
-    if( pSession->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       int i;
       for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
         if( abPK[i] ){
@@ -220930,14 +226100,321 @@ static int sessionInitTable(sqlite3_session *pSession, SessionTable *pTab){
         pTab->bStat1 = 1;
       }
 
-      if( pSession->bEnableSize ){
+      if( pSession && pSession->bEnableSize ){
         pSession->nMaxChangesetSize += (
           1 + sessionVarintLen(pTab->nCol) + pTab->nCol + strlen(pTab->zName)+1
         );
       }
     }
   }
-  return (pSession->rc || pTab->abPK==0);
+
+  if( pSession ){
+    pSession->rc = rc;
+    return (rc || pTab->abPK==0);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Re-initialize table object pTab.
+*/
+static int sessionReinitTable(sqlite3_session *pSession, SessionTable *pTab){
+  int nCol = 0;
+  const char **azCol = 0;
+  const char **azDflt = 0;
+  u8 *abPK = 0;
+  int bRowid = 0;
+
+  assert( pSession->rc==SQLITE_OK );
+
+  pSession->rc = sessionTableInfo(pSession, pSession->db, pSession->zDb,
+      pTab->zName, &nCol, 0, &azCol, &azDflt, &abPK,
+      (pSession->bImplicitPK ? &bRowid : 0)
+  );
+  if( pSession->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pTab->nCol>nCol || pTab->bRowid!=bRowid ){
+      pSession->rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
+    }else{
+      int ii;
+      int nOldCol = pTab->nCol;
+      for(ii=0; ii<nCol; ii++){
+        if( ii<pTab->nCol ){
+          if( pTab->abPK[ii]!=abPK[ii] ){
+            pSession->rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
+          }
+        }else if( abPK[ii] ){
+          pSession->rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if( pSession->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        const char **a = pTab->azCol;
+        pTab->azCol = azCol;
+        pTab->nCol = nCol;
+        pTab->azDflt = azDflt;
+        pTab->abPK = abPK;
+        azCol = a;
+      }
+      if( pSession->bEnableSize ){
+        pSession->nMaxChangesetSize += (nCol - nOldCol);
+        pSession->nMaxChangesetSize += sessionVarintLen(nCol);
+        pSession->nMaxChangesetSize -= sessionVarintLen(nOldCol);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free((char*)azCol);
+  return pSession->rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Session-change object (*pp) contains an old.* record with fewer than
+** nCol fields. This function updates it with the default values for
+** the missing fields.
+*/
+static void sessionUpdateOneChange(
+  sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* For memory accounting */
+  int *pRc,                       /* IN/OUT: Error code */
+  SessionChange **pp,             /* IN/OUT: Change object to update */
+  int nCol,                       /* Number of columns now in table */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pDflt             /* SELECT <default-values...> */
+){
+  SessionChange *pOld = *pp;
+
+  while( pOld->nRecordField<nCol ){
+    SessionChange *pNew = 0;
+    int nByte = 0;
+    int nIncr = 0;
+    int iField = pOld->nRecordField;
+    int eType = sqlite3_column_type(pDflt, iField);
+    switch( eType ){
+      case SQLITE_NULL:
+        nIncr = 1;
+        break;
+      case SQLITE_INTEGER:
+      case SQLITE_FLOAT:
+        nIncr = 9;
+        break;
+      default: {
+        int n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pDflt, iField);
+        nIncr = 1 + sessionVarintLen(n) + n;
+        assert( eType==SQLITE_TEXT || eType==SQLITE_BLOB );
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    nByte = nIncr + (sizeof(SessionChange) + pOld->nRecord);
+    pNew = sessionMalloc64(pSession, nByte);
+    if( pNew==0 ){
+      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      return;
+    }else{
+      memcpy(pNew, pOld, sizeof(SessionChange));
+      pNew->aRecord = (u8*)&pNew[1];
+      memcpy(pNew->aRecord, pOld->aRecord, pOld->nRecord);
+      pNew->aRecord[pNew->nRecord++] = (u8)eType;
+      switch( eType ){
+        case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
+          i64 iVal = sqlite3_column_int64(pDflt, iField);
+          sessionPutI64(&pNew->aRecord[pNew->nRecord], iVal);
+          pNew->nRecord += 8;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
+          double rVal = sqlite3_column_double(pDflt, iField);
+          i64 iVal = 0;
+          memcpy(&iVal, &rVal, sizeof(rVal));
+          sessionPutI64(&pNew->aRecord[pNew->nRecord], iVal);
+          pNew->nRecord += 8;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case SQLITE_TEXT: {
+          int n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pDflt, iField);
+          const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pDflt, iField);
+          pNew->nRecord += sessionVarintPut(&pNew->aRecord[pNew->nRecord], n);
+          memcpy(&pNew->aRecord[pNew->nRecord], z, n);
+          pNew->nRecord += n;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case SQLITE_BLOB: {
+          int n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pDflt, iField);
+          const u8 *z = (const u8*)sqlite3_column_blob(pDflt, iField);
+          pNew->nRecord += sessionVarintPut(&pNew->aRecord[pNew->nRecord], n);
+          memcpy(&pNew->aRecord[pNew->nRecord], z, n);
+          pNew->nRecord += n;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+          assert( eType==SQLITE_NULL );
+          break;
+      }
+
+      sessionFree(pSession, pOld);
+      *pp = pOld = pNew;
+      pNew->nRecordField++;
+      pNew->nMaxSize += nIncr;
+      if( pSession ){
+        pSession->nMaxChangesetSize += nIncr;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Ensure that there is room in the buffer to append nByte bytes of data.
+** If not, use sqlite3_realloc() to grow the buffer so that there is.
+**
+** If successful, return zero. Otherwise, if an OOM condition is encountered,
+** set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM and return non-zero.
+*/
+static int sessionBufferGrow(SessionBuffer *p, i64 nByte, int *pRc){
+#define SESSION_MAX_BUFFER_SZ (0x7FFFFF00 - 1)
+  i64 nReq = p->nBuf + nByte;
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK && nReq>p->nAlloc ){
+    u8 *aNew;
+    i64 nNew = p->nAlloc ? p->nAlloc : 128;
+
+    do {
+      nNew = nNew*2;
+    }while( nNew<nReq );
+
+    /* The value of SESSION_MAX_BUFFER_SZ is copied from the implementation
+    ** of sqlite3_realloc64(). Allocations greater than this size in bytes
+    ** always fail. It is used here to ensure that this routine can always
+    ** allocate up to this limit - instead of up to the largest power of
+    ** two smaller than the limit.  */
+    if( nNew>SESSION_MAX_BUFFER_SZ ){
+      nNew = SESSION_MAX_BUFFER_SZ;
+      if( nNew<nReq ){
+        *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    aNew = (u8 *)sqlite3_realloc64(p->aBuf, nNew);
+    if( 0==aNew ){
+      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      p->aBuf = aNew;
+      p->nAlloc = nNew;
+    }
+  }
+  return (*pRc!=SQLITE_OK);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
+** called. Otherwise, append a string to the buffer. All bytes in the string
+** up to (but not including) the nul-terminator are written to the buffer.
+**
+** If an OOM condition is encountered, set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM before
+** returning.
+*/
+static void sessionAppendStr(
+  SessionBuffer *p,
+  const char *zStr,
+  int *pRc
+){
+  int nStr = sqlite3Strlen30(zStr);
+  if( 0==sessionBufferGrow(p, nStr+1, pRc) ){
+    memcpy(&p->aBuf[p->nBuf], zStr, nStr);
+    p->nBuf += nStr;
+    p->aBuf[p->nBuf] = 0x00;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Format a string using printf() style formatting and then append it to the
+** buffer using sessionAppendString().
+*/
+static void sessionAppendPrintf(
+  SessionBuffer *p,               /* Buffer to append to */
+  int *pRc,
+  const char *zFmt,
+  ...
+){
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    char *zApp = 0;
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, zFmt);
+    zApp = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+    if( zApp==0 ){
+      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      sessionAppendStr(p, zApp, pRc);
+    }
+    va_end(ap);
+    sqlite3_free(zApp);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Prepare a statement against database handle db that SELECTs a single
+** row containing the default values for each column in table pTab. For
+** example, if pTab is declared as:
+**
+**   CREATE TABLE pTab(a PRIMARY KEY, b DEFAULT 123, c DEFAULT 'abcd');
+**
+** Then this function prepares and returns the SQL statement:
+**
+**   SELECT NULL, 123, 'abcd';
+*/
+static int sessionPrepareDfltStmt(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
+  SessionTable *pTab,             /* Table to prepare statement for */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt           /* OUT: Statement handle */
+){
+  SessionBuffer sql = {0,0,0};
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  const char *zSep = " ";
+  int ii = 0;
+
+  *ppStmt = 0;
+  sessionAppendPrintf(&sql, &rc, "SELECT");
+  for(ii=0; ii<pTab->nCol; ii++){
+    const char *zDflt = pTab->azDflt[ii] ? pTab->azDflt[ii] : "NULL";
+    sessionAppendPrintf(&sql, &rc, "%s%s", zSep, zDflt);
+    zSep = ", ";
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, (const char*)sql.aBuf, -1, ppStmt, 0);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(sql.aBuf);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Table pTab has one or more existing change-records with old.* records
+** with fewer than pTab->nCol columns. This function updates all such
+** change-records with the default values for the missing columns.
+*/
+static int sessionUpdateChanges(sqlite3_session *pSession, SessionTable *pTab){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  int rc = pSession->rc;
+
+  rc = sessionPrepareDfltStmt(pSession->db, pTab, &pStmt);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
+    int ii = 0;
+    SessionChange **pp = 0;
+    for(ii=0; ii<pTab->nChange; ii++){
+      for(pp=&pTab->apChange[ii]; *pp; pp=&((*pp)->pNext)){
+        if( (*pp)->nRecordField!=pTab->nCol ){
+          sessionUpdateOneChange(pSession, &rc, pp, pTab->nCol, pStmt);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  pSession->rc = rc;
+  rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( pSession->rc==SQLITE_OK ) pSession->rc = rc;
+  return pSession->rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -221100,16 +226577,22 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
   int iHash;
   int bNull = 0;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int nExpect = 0;
   SessionStat1Ctx stat1 = {{0,0,0,0,0},0};
 
   if( pSession->rc ) return;
 
   /* Load table details if required */
-  if( sessionInitTable(pSession, pTab) ) return;
+  if( sessionInitTable(pSession, pTab, pSession->db, pSession->zDb) ) return;
 
   /* Check the number of columns in this xPreUpdate call matches the
   ** number of columns in the table.  */
-  if( (pTab->nCol-pTab->bRowid)!=pSession->hook.xCount(pSession->hook.pCtx) ){
+  nExpect = pSession->hook.xCount(pSession->hook.pCtx);
+  if( (pTab->nCol-pTab->bRowid)<nExpect ){
+    if( sessionReinitTable(pSession, pTab) ) return;
+    if( sessionUpdateChanges(pSession, pTab) ) return;
+  }
+  if( (pTab->nCol-pTab->bRowid)!=nExpect ){
     pSession->rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
     return;
   }
@@ -221186,7 +226669,7 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
       }
 
       /* Allocate the change object */
-      pC = (SessionChange *)sessionMalloc64(pSession, nByte);
+      pC = (SessionChange*)sessionMalloc64(pSession, nByte);
       if( !pC ){
         rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
         goto error_out;
@@ -221219,6 +226702,7 @@ static void sessionPreupdateOneChange(
       if( pSession->bIndirect || pSession->hook.xDepth(pSession->hook.pCtx) ){
         pC->bIndirect = 1;
       }
+      pC->nRecordField = pTab->nCol;
       pC->nRecord = nByte;
       pC->op = op;
       pC->pNext = pTab->apChange[iHash];
@@ -221598,7 +227082,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
     /* Locate and if necessary initialize the target table object */
     rc = sessionFindTable(pSession, zTbl, &pTo);
     if( pTo==0 ) goto diff_out;
-    if( sessionInitTable(pSession, pTo) ){
+    if( sessionInitTable(pSession, pTo, pSession->db, pSession->zDb) ){
       rc = pSession->rc;
       goto diff_out;
     }
@@ -221611,7 +227095,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
       int bRowid = 0;
       u8 *abPK;
       const char **azCol = 0;
-      rc = sessionTableInfo(0, db, zFrom, zTbl, &nCol, 0, &azCol, &abPK,
+      rc = sessionTableInfo(0, db, zFrom, zTbl, &nCol, 0, &azCol, 0, &abPK,
           pSession->bImplicitPK ? &bRowid : 0
       );
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -221726,6 +227210,7 @@ static void sessionDeleteTable(sqlite3_session *pSession, SessionTable *pList){
         sessionFree(pSession, p);
       }
     }
+    sqlite3_finalize(pTab->pDfltStmt);
     sessionFree(pSession, (char*)pTab->azCol);  /* cast works around VC++ bug */
     sessionFree(pSession, pTab->apChange);
     sessionFree(pSession, pTab);
@@ -221758,9 +227243,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession){
   ** associated hash-tables. */
   sessionDeleteTable(pSession, pSession->pTable);
 
-  /* Assert that all allocations have been freed and then free the
-  ** session object itself. */
-  assert( pSession->nMalloc==0 );
+  /* Free the session object. */
   sqlite3_free(pSession);
 }
 
@@ -221832,48 +227315,6 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
 }
 
 /*
-** Ensure that there is room in the buffer to append nByte bytes of data.
-** If not, use sqlite3_realloc() to grow the buffer so that there is.
-**
-** If successful, return zero. Otherwise, if an OOM condition is encountered,
-** set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM and return non-zero.
-*/
-static int sessionBufferGrow(SessionBuffer *p, i64 nByte, int *pRc){
-#define SESSION_MAX_BUFFER_SZ (0x7FFFFF00 - 1)
-  i64 nReq = p->nBuf + nByte;
-  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK && nReq>p->nAlloc ){
-    u8 *aNew;
-    i64 nNew = p->nAlloc ? p->nAlloc : 128;
-
-    do {
-      nNew = nNew*2;
-    }while( nNew<nReq );
-
-    /* The value of SESSION_MAX_BUFFER_SZ is copied from the implementation
-    ** of sqlite3_realloc64(). Allocations greater than this size in bytes
-    ** always fail. It is used here to ensure that this routine can always
-    ** allocate up to this limit - instead of up to the largest power of
-    ** two smaller than the limit.  */
-    if( nNew>SESSION_MAX_BUFFER_SZ ){
-      nNew = SESSION_MAX_BUFFER_SZ;
-      if( nNew<nReq ){
-        *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-        return 1;
-      }
-    }
-
-    aNew = (u8 *)sqlite3_realloc64(p->aBuf, nNew);
-    if( 0==aNew ){
-      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      p->aBuf = aNew;
-      p->nAlloc = nNew;
-    }
-  }
-  return (*pRc!=SQLITE_OK);
-}
-
-/*
 ** Append the value passed as the second argument to the buffer passed
 ** as the first.
 **
@@ -221943,27 +227384,6 @@ static void sessionAppendBlob(
 
 /*
 ** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
-** called. Otherwise, append a string to the buffer. All bytes in the string
-** up to (but not including) the nul-terminator are written to the buffer.
-**
-** If an OOM condition is encountered, set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM before
-** returning.
-*/
-static void sessionAppendStr(
-  SessionBuffer *p,
-  const char *zStr,
-  int *pRc
-){
-  int nStr = sqlite3Strlen30(zStr);
-  if( 0==sessionBufferGrow(p, nStr+1, pRc) ){
-    memcpy(&p->aBuf[p->nBuf], zStr, nStr);
-    p->nBuf += nStr;
-    p->aBuf[p->nBuf] = 0x00;
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
 ** called. Otherwise, append the string representation of integer iVal
 ** to the buffer. No nul-terminator is written.
 **
@@ -221980,27 +227400,6 @@ static void sessionAppendInteger(
   sessionAppendStr(p, aBuf, pRc);
 }
 
-static void sessionAppendPrintf(
-  SessionBuffer *p,               /* Buffer to append to */
-  int *pRc,
-  const char *zFmt,
-  ...
-){
-  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    char *zApp = 0;
-    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, zFmt);
-    zApp = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
-    if( zApp==0 ){
-      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-    }else{
-      sessionAppendStr(p, zApp, pRc);
-    }
-    va_end(ap);
-    sqlite3_free(zApp);
-  }
-}
-
 /*
 ** This function is a no-op if *pRc is other than SQLITE_OK when it is
 ** called. Otherwise, append the string zStr enclosed in quotes (") and
@@ -222491,26 +227890,16 @@ static int sessionGenerateChangeset(
   for(pTab=pSession->pTable; rc==SQLITE_OK && pTab; pTab=pTab->pNext){
     if( pTab->nEntry ){
       const char *zName = pTab->zName;
-      int nCol = 0;               /* Number of columns in table */
-      u8 *abPK = 0;               /* Primary key array */
-      const char **azCol = 0;     /* Table columns */
       int i;                      /* Used to iterate through hash buckets */
       sqlite3_stmt *pSel = 0;     /* SELECT statement to query table pTab */
       int nRewind = buf.nBuf;     /* Initial size of write buffer */
       int nNoop;                  /* Size of buffer after writing tbl header */
-      int bRowid = 0;
+      int nOldCol = pTab->nCol;
 
       /* Check the table schema is still Ok. */
-      rc = sessionTableInfo(
-          0, db, pSession->zDb, zName, &nCol, 0, &azCol, &abPK,
-          (pSession->bImplicitPK ? &bRowid : 0)
-      );
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (
-          pTab->nCol!=nCol
-       || pTab->bRowid!=bRowid
-       || memcmp(abPK, pTab->abPK, nCol)
-      )){
-        rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
+      rc = sessionReinitTable(pSession, pTab);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pTab->nCol!=nOldCol ){
+        rc = sessionUpdateChanges(pSession, pTab);
       }
 
       /* Write a table header */
@@ -222518,8 +227907,8 @@ static int sessionGenerateChangeset(
 
       /* Build and compile a statement to execute: */
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = sessionSelectStmt(
-            db, 0, pSession->zDb, zName, bRowid, nCol, azCol, abPK, &pSel
+        rc = sessionSelectStmt(db, 0, pSession->zDb,
+            zName, pTab->bRowid, pTab->nCol, pTab->azCol, pTab->abPK, &pSel
         );
       }
 
@@ -222528,22 +227917,22 @@ static int sessionGenerateChangeset(
         SessionChange *p;         /* Used to iterate through changes */
 
         for(p=pTab->apChange[i]; rc==SQLITE_OK && p; p=p->pNext){
-          rc = sessionSelectBind(pSel, nCol, abPK, p);
+          rc = sessionSelectBind(pSel, pTab->nCol, pTab->abPK, p);
           if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) continue;
           if( sqlite3_step(pSel)==SQLITE_ROW ){
             if( p->op==SQLITE_INSERT ){
               int iCol;
               sessionAppendByte(&buf, SQLITE_INSERT, &rc);
               sessionAppendByte(&buf, p->bIndirect, &rc);
-              for(iCol=0; iCol<nCol; iCol++){
+              for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
                 sessionAppendCol(&buf, pSel, iCol, &rc);
               }
             }else{
-              assert( abPK!=0 );  /* Because sessionSelectStmt() returned ok */
-              rc = sessionAppendUpdate(&buf, bPatchset, pSel, p, abPK);
+              assert( pTab->abPK!=0 );
+              rc = sessionAppendUpdate(&buf, bPatchset, pSel, p, pTab->abPK);
             }
           }else if( p->op!=SQLITE_INSERT ){
-            rc = sessionAppendDelete(&buf, bPatchset, p, nCol, abPK);
+            rc = sessionAppendDelete(&buf, bPatchset, p, pTab->nCol,pTab->abPK);
           }
           if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
             rc = sqlite3_reset(pSel);
@@ -222568,7 +227957,6 @@ static int sessionGenerateChangeset(
       if( buf.nBuf==nNoop ){
         buf.nBuf = nRewind;
       }
-      sqlite3_free((char*)azCol);  /* cast works around VC++ bug */
     }
   }
 
@@ -223192,14 +228580,14 @@ static int sessionChangesetNextOne(
   p->rc = sessionInputBuffer(&p->in, 2);
   if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return p->rc;
 
+  sessionDiscardData(&p->in);
+  p->in.iCurrent = p->in.iNext;
+
   /* If the iterator is already at the end of the changeset, return DONE. */
   if( p->in.iNext>=p->in.nData ){
     return SQLITE_DONE;
   }
 
-  sessionDiscardData(&p->in);
-  p->in.iCurrent = p->in.iNext;
-
   op = p->in.aData[p->in.iNext++];
   while( op=='T' || op=='P' ){
     if( pbNew ) *pbNew = 1;
@@ -224697,7 +230085,7 @@ static int sessionChangesetApply(
 
         sqlite3changeset_pk(pIter, &abPK, 0);
         rc = sessionTableInfo(0, db, "main", zNew,
-            &sApply.nCol, &zTab, &sApply.azCol, &sApply.abPK, &sApply.bRowid
+            &sApply.nCol, &zTab, &sApply.azCol, 0, &sApply.abPK, &sApply.bRowid
         );
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
         for(i=0; i<sApply.nCol; i++){
@@ -224829,11 +230217,24 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter;  /* Iterator to skip through changeset */
   int bInv = !!(flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT);
   int rc = sessionChangesetStart(&pIter, 0, 0, nChangeset, pChangeset, bInv, 1);
+  u64 savedFlag = db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction;
+
+  if( flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION ){
+    db->flags |= ((u64)SQLITE_FkNoAction);
+    db->aDb[0].pSchema->schema_cookie -= 32;
+  }
+
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sessionChangesetApply(
         db, pIter, xFilter, xConflict, pCtx, ppRebase, pnRebase, flags
     );
   }
+
+  if( (flags & SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION) && savedFlag==0 ){
+    assert( db->flags & SQLITE_FkNoAction );
+    db->flags &= ~((u64)SQLITE_FkNoAction);
+    db->aDb[0].pSchema->schema_cookie -= 32;
+  }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -224921,6 +230322,10 @@ struct sqlite3_changegroup {
   int rc;                         /* Error code */
   int bPatch;                     /* True to accumulate patchsets */
   SessionTable *pList;            /* List of tables in current patch */
+  SessionBuffer rec;
+
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Configured by changegroup_schema() */
+  char *zDb;                      /* Configured by changegroup_schema() */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -224941,6 +230346,7 @@ static int sessionChangeMerge(
 ){
   SessionChange *pNew = 0;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  assert( aRec!=0 );
 
   if( !pExist ){
     pNew = (SessionChange *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(SessionChange) + nRec);
@@ -225107,84 +230513,236 @@ static int sessionChangeMerge(
 }
 
 /*
-** Add all changes in the changeset traversed by the iterator passed as
-** the first argument to the changegroup hash tables.
+** Check if a changeset entry with nCol columns and the PK array passed
+** as the final argument to this function is compatible with SessionTable
+** pTab. If so, return 1. Otherwise, if they are incompatible in some way,
+** return 0.
 */
-static int sessionChangesetToHash(
-  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,   /* Iterator to read from */
-  sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp,       /* Changegroup object to add changeset to */
-  int bRebase                      /* True if hash table is for rebasing */
+static int sessionChangesetCheckCompat(
+  SessionTable *pTab,
+  int nCol,
+  u8 *abPK
 ){
-  u8 *aRec;
-  int nRec;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  SessionTable *pTab = 0;
-
-  while( SQLITE_ROW==sessionChangesetNext(pIter, &aRec, &nRec, 0) ){
-    const char *zNew;
-    int nCol;
-    int op;
-    int iHash;
-    int bIndirect;
-    SessionChange *pChange;
-    SessionChange *pExist = 0;
-    SessionChange **pp;
-
-    if( pGrp->pList==0 ){
-      pGrp->bPatch = pIter->bPatchset;
-    }else if( pIter->bPatchset!=pGrp->bPatch ){
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-      break;
+  if( pTab->azCol && nCol<pTab->nCol ){
+    int ii;
+    for(ii=0; ii<pTab->nCol; ii++){
+      u8 bPK = (ii < nCol) ? abPK[ii] : 0;
+      if( pTab->abPK[ii]!=bPK ) return 0;
     }
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return (pTab->nCol==nCol && 0==memcmp(abPK, pTab->abPK, nCol));
+}
 
-    sqlite3changeset_op(pIter, &zNew, &nCol, &op, &bIndirect);
-    if( !pTab || sqlite3_stricmp(zNew, pTab->zName) ){
-      /* Search the list for a matching table */
-      int nNew = (int)strlen(zNew);
-      u8 *abPK;
+static int sessionChangesetExtendRecord(
+  sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp,
+  SessionTable *pTab,
+  int nCol,
+  int op,
+  const u8 *aRec,
+  int nRec,
+  SessionBuffer *pOut
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int ii = 0;
 
-      sqlite3changeset_pk(pIter, &abPK, 0);
-      for(pTab = pGrp->pList; pTab; pTab=pTab->pNext){
-        if( 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(pTab->zName, zNew, nNew+1) ) break;
-      }
-      if( !pTab ){
-        SessionTable **ppTab;
+  assert( pTab->azCol );
+  assert( nCol<pTab->nCol );
 
-        pTab = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(SessionTable) + nCol + nNew+1);
-        if( !pTab ){
-          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  pOut->nBuf = 0;
+  if( op==SQLITE_INSERT || (op==SQLITE_DELETE && pGrp->bPatch==0) ){
+    /* Append the missing default column values to the record. */
+    sessionAppendBlob(pOut, aRec, nRec, &rc);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pTab->pDfltStmt==0 ){
+      rc = sessionPrepareDfltStmt(pGrp->db, pTab, &pTab->pDfltStmt);
+    }
+    for(ii=nCol; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<pTab->nCol; ii++){
+      int eType = sqlite3_column_type(pTab->pDfltStmt, ii);
+      sessionAppendByte(pOut, eType, &rc);
+      switch( eType ){
+        case SQLITE_FLOAT:
+        case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
+          i64 iVal;
+          if( eType==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
+            iVal = sqlite3_column_int64(pTab->pDfltStmt, ii);
+          }else{
+            double rVal = sqlite3_column_int64(pTab->pDfltStmt, ii);
+            memcpy(&iVal, &rVal, sizeof(i64));
+          }
+          if( SQLITE_OK==sessionBufferGrow(pOut, 8, &rc) ){
+            sessionPutI64(&pOut->aBuf[pOut->nBuf], iVal);
+          }
           break;
         }
-        memset(pTab, 0, sizeof(SessionTable));
-        pTab->nCol = nCol;
-        pTab->abPK = (u8*)&pTab[1];
-        memcpy(pTab->abPK, abPK, nCol);
-        pTab->zName = (char*)&pTab->abPK[nCol];
-        memcpy(pTab->zName, zNew, nNew+1);
-
-        /* The new object must be linked on to the end of the list, not
-        ** simply added to the start of it. This is to ensure that the
-        ** tables within the output of sqlite3changegroup_output() are in
-        ** the right order.  */
-        for(ppTab=&pGrp->pList; *ppTab; ppTab=&(*ppTab)->pNext);
-        *ppTab = pTab;
-      }else if( pTab->nCol!=nCol || memcmp(pTab->abPK, abPK, nCol) ){
-        rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
-        break;
+
+        case SQLITE_BLOB:
+        case SQLITE_TEXT: {
+          int n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pTab->pDfltStmt, ii);
+          sessionAppendVarint(pOut, n, &rc);
+          if( eType==SQLITE_TEXT ){
+            const u8 *z = (const u8*)sqlite3_column_text(pTab->pDfltStmt, ii);
+            sessionAppendBlob(pOut, z, n, &rc);
+          }else{
+            const u8 *z = (const u8*)sqlite3_column_blob(pTab->pDfltStmt, ii);
+            sessionAppendBlob(pOut, z, n, &rc);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+          assert( eType==SQLITE_NULL );
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }else if( op==SQLITE_UPDATE ){
+    /* Append missing "undefined" entries to the old.* record. And, if this
+    ** is an UPDATE, to the new.* record as well.  */
+    int iOff = 0;
+    if( pGrp->bPatch==0 ){
+      for(ii=0; ii<nCol; ii++){
+        iOff += sessionSerialLen(&aRec[iOff]);
+      }
+      sessionAppendBlob(pOut, aRec, iOff, &rc);
+      for(ii=0; ii<(pTab->nCol-nCol); ii++){
+        sessionAppendByte(pOut, 0x00, &rc);
       }
     }
 
-    if( sessionGrowHash(0, pIter->bPatchset, pTab) ){
-      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      break;
+    sessionAppendBlob(pOut, &aRec[iOff], nRec-iOff, &rc);
+    for(ii=0; ii<(pTab->nCol-nCol); ii++){
+      sessionAppendByte(pOut, 0x00, &rc);
     }
+  }else{
+    assert( op==SQLITE_DELETE && pGrp->bPatch );
+    sessionAppendBlob(pOut, aRec, nRec, &rc);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Locate or create a SessionTable object that may be used to add the
+** change currently pointed to by iterator pIter to changegroup pGrp.
+** If successful, set output variable (*ppTab) to point to the table
+** object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if some error occurs, return
+** an SQLite error code and leave (*ppTab) set to NULL.
+*/
+static int sessionChangesetFindTable(
+  sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp,
+  const char *zTab,
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,
+  SessionTable **ppTab
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SessionTable *pTab = 0;
+  int nTab = (int)strlen(zTab);
+  u8 *abPK = 0;
+  int nCol = 0;
+
+  *ppTab = 0;
+  sqlite3changeset_pk(pIter, &abPK, &nCol);
+
+  /* Search the list for an existing table */
+  for(pTab = pGrp->pList; pTab; pTab=pTab->pNext){
+    if( 0==sqlite3_strnicmp(pTab->zName, zTab, nTab+1) ) break;
+  }
+
+  /* If one was not found above, create a new table now */
+  if( !pTab ){
+    SessionTable **ppNew;
+
+    pTab = sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(SessionTable) + nCol + nTab+1);
+    if( !pTab ){
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    memset(pTab, 0, sizeof(SessionTable));
+    pTab->nCol = nCol;
+    pTab->abPK = (u8*)&pTab[1];
+    memcpy(pTab->abPK, abPK, nCol);
+    pTab->zName = (char*)&pTab->abPK[nCol];
+    memcpy(pTab->zName, zTab, nTab+1);
+
+    if( pGrp->db ){
+      pTab->nCol = 0;
+      rc = sessionInitTable(0, pTab, pGrp->db, pGrp->zDb);
+      if( rc ){
+        assert( pTab->azCol==0 );
+        sqlite3_free(pTab);
+        return rc;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* The new object must be linked on to the end of the list, not
+    ** simply added to the start of it. This is to ensure that the
+    ** tables within the output of sqlite3changegroup_output() are in
+    ** the right order.  */
+    for(ppNew=&pGrp->pList; *ppNew; ppNew=&(*ppNew)->pNext);
+    *ppNew = pTab;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that the table is compatible. */
+  if( !sessionChangesetCheckCompat(pTab, nCol, abPK) ){
+    rc = SQLITE_SCHEMA;
+  }
+
+  *ppTab = pTab;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add the change currently indicated by iterator pIter to the hash table
+** belonging to changegroup pGrp.
+*/
+static int sessionOneChangeToHash(
+  sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp,
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,
+  int bRebase
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int nCol = 0;
+  int op = 0;
+  int iHash = 0;
+  int bIndirect = 0;
+  SessionChange *pChange = 0;
+  SessionChange *pExist = 0;
+  SessionChange **pp = 0;
+  SessionTable *pTab = 0;
+  u8 *aRec = &pIter->in.aData[pIter->in.iCurrent + 2];
+  int nRec = (pIter->in.iNext - pIter->in.iCurrent) - 2;
+
+  /* Ensure that only changesets, or only patchsets, but not a mixture
+  ** of both, are being combined. It is an error to try to combine a
+  ** changeset and a patchset.  */
+  if( pGrp->pList==0 ){
+    pGrp->bPatch = pIter->bPatchset;
+  }else if( pIter->bPatchset!=pGrp->bPatch ){
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    const char *zTab = 0;
+    sqlite3changeset_op(pIter, &zTab, &nCol, &op, &bIndirect);
+    rc = sessionChangesetFindTable(pGrp, zTab, pIter, &pTab);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nCol<pTab->nCol ){
+    SessionBuffer *pBuf = &pGrp->rec;
+    rc = sessionChangesetExtendRecord(pGrp, pTab, nCol, op, aRec, nRec, pBuf);
+    aRec = pBuf->aBuf;
+    nRec = pBuf->nBuf;
+    assert( pGrp->db );
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sessionGrowHash(0, pIter->bPatchset, pTab) ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    /* Search for existing entry. If found, remove it from the hash table.
+    ** Code below may link it back in.  */
     iHash = sessionChangeHash(
         pTab, (pIter->bPatchset && op==SQLITE_DELETE), aRec, pTab->nChange
     );
-
-    /* Search for existing entry. If found, remove it from the hash table.
-    ** Code below may link it back in.
-    */
     for(pp=&pTab->apChange[iHash]; *pp; pp=&(*pp)->pNext){
       int bPkOnly1 = 0;
       int bPkOnly2 = 0;
@@ -225199,16 +230757,39 @@ static int sessionChangesetToHash(
         break;
       }
     }
+  }
 
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sessionChangeMerge(pTab, bRebase,
         pIter->bPatchset, pExist, op, bIndirect, aRec, nRec, &pChange
     );
-    if( rc ) break;
-    if( pChange ){
-      pChange->pNext = pTab->apChange[iHash];
-      pTab->apChange[iHash] = pChange;
-      pTab->nEntry++;
-    }
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pChange ){
+    pChange->pNext = pTab->apChange[iHash];
+    pTab->apChange[iHash] = pChange;
+    pTab->nEntry++;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = pIter->rc;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add all changes in the changeset traversed by the iterator passed as
+** the first argument to the changegroup hash tables.
+*/
+static int sessionChangesetToHash(
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,   /* Iterator to read from */
+  sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp,       /* Changegroup object to add changeset to */
+  int bRebase                      /* True if hash table is for rebasing */
+){
+  u8 *aRec;
+  int nRec;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  while( SQLITE_ROW==(sessionChangesetNext(pIter, &aRec, &nRec, 0)) ){
+    rc = sessionOneChangeToHash(pGrp, pIter, bRebase);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = pIter->rc;
@@ -225298,6 +230879,31 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp){
 }
 
 /*
+** Provide a database schema to the changegroup object.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_schema(
+  sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp,
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zDb
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  if( pGrp->pList || pGrp->db ){
+    /* Cannot add a schema after one or more calls to sqlite3changegroup_add(),
+    ** or after sqlite3changegroup_schema() has already been called. */
+    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE;
+  }else{
+    pGrp->zDb = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zDb);
+    if( pGrp->zDb==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      pGrp->db = db;
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Add the changeset currently stored in buffer pData, size nData bytes,
 ** to changeset-group p.
 */
@@ -225314,6 +230920,23 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp, int nData, void
 }
 
 /*
+** Add a single change to a changeset-group.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_change(
+  sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp,
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter
+){
+  if( pIter->in.iCurrent==pIter->in.iNext
+   || pIter->rc!=SQLITE_OK
+   || pIter->bInvert
+  ){
+    /* Iterator does not point to any valid entry or is an INVERT iterator. */
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  return sessionOneChangeToHash(pGrp, pIter, 0);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset representing the concatenation
 ** of all changesets added to the group so far.
 */
@@ -225360,7 +230983,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp){
   if( pGrp ){
+    sqlite3_free(pGrp->zDb);
     sessionDeleteTable(0, pGrp->pList);
+    sqlite3_free(pGrp->rec.aBuf);
     sqlite3_free(pGrp);
   }
 }
@@ -225762,6 +231387,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p){
   if( p ){
     sessionDeleteTable(0, p->grp.pList);
+    sqlite3_free(p->grp.rec.aBuf);
     sqlite3_free(p);
   }
 }
@@ -225859,8 +231485,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
 **
 ** xUserData(pFts):
-**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
-**   registered with.
+**   Return a copy of the pUserData pointer passed to the xCreateFunction()
+**   API when the extension function was registered.
 **
 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
@@ -225892,8 +231518,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
 **
 ** xColumnText:
-**   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
-**   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
+**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
+**   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
+**
+**   Otherwise, this function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of
+**   the current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
@@ -225903,8 +231532,10 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
 **
 ** xPhraseSize:
-**   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
-**   are numbered starting from zero.
+**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
+**   number of phrases in the current query, as returned by xPhraseCount,
+**   0 is returned. Otherwise, this function returns the number of tokens in
+**   phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases are numbered starting from zero.
 **
 ** xInstCount:
 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
@@ -225920,12 +231551,13 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
-**   output by xInstCount().
+**   output by xInstCount(). If iIdx is less than zero or greater than
+**   or equal to the value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
 **
-**   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
+**   Otherwise, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
-**   first token of the phrase. Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error
-**   code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
+**   first token of the phrase. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an
+**   error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
@@ -225951,6 +231583,10 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
 **   the third argument to pUserData.
 **
+**   If parameter iPhrase is less than zero, or greater than or equal to
+**   the number of phrases in the query, as returned by xPhraseCount(),
+**   this function returns SQLITE_RANGE.
+**
 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
@@ -226065,9 +231701,42 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
+**
+** xQueryToken(pFts5, iPhrase, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
+**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase iPhrase of the current
+**   query. Before returning, output parameter *ppToken is set to point
+**   to a buffer containing the requested token, and *pnToken to the
+**   size of this buffer in bytes.
+**
+**   If iPhrase or iToken are less than zero, or if iPhrase is greater than
+**   or equal to the number of phrases in the query as reported by
+**   xPhraseCount(), or if iToken is equal to or greater than the number of
+**   tokens in the phrase, SQLITE_RANGE is returned and *ppToken and *pnToken
+     are both zeroed.
+**
+**   The output text is not a copy of the query text that specified the
+**   token. It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1
+**   tables, this includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
+**
+** xInstToken(pFts5, iIdx, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
+**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase hit iIdx within the
+**   current row. If iIdx is less than zero or greater than or equal to the
+**   value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.  Otherwise,
+**   output variable (*ppToken) is set to point to a buffer containing the
+**   matching document token, and (*pnToken) to the size of that buffer in
+**   bytes. This API is not available if the specified token matches a
+**   prefix query term. In that case both output variables are always set
+**   to 0.
+**
+**   The output text is not a copy of the document text that was tokenized.
+**   It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1 tables, this
+**   includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
+**
+**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
 */
 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
-  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
+  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
 
   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
 
@@ -226102,6 +231771,13 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 
   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
+
+  /* Below this point are iVersion>=3 only */
+  int (*xQueryToken)(Fts5Context*,
+      int iPhrase, int iToken,
+      const char **ppToken, int *pnToken
+  );
+  int (*xInstToken)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int iToken, const char**, int*);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -226576,6 +232252,7 @@ struct Fts5Config {
   char *zContent;                 /* content table */
   char *zContentRowid;            /* "content_rowid=" option value */
   int bColumnsize;                /* "columnsize=" option value (dflt==1) */
+  int bTokendata;                 /* "tokendata=" option value (dflt==0) */
   int eDetail;                    /* FTS5_DETAIL_XXX value */
   char *zContentExprlist;
   Fts5Tokenizer *pTok;
@@ -226764,17 +232441,19 @@ struct Fts5IndexIter {
 /*
 ** Values used as part of the flags argument passed to IndexQuery().
 */
-#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_PREFIX     0x0001   /* Prefix query */
-#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_DESC       0x0002   /* Docs in descending rowid order */
-#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_TEST_NOIDX 0x0004   /* Do not use prefix index */
-#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN       0x0008   /* Scan query (fts5vocab) */
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_PREFIX      0x0001  /* Prefix query */
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_DESC        0x0002  /* Docs in descending rowid order */
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_TEST_NOIDX  0x0004  /* Do not use prefix index */
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN        0x0008  /* Scan query (fts5vocab) */
 
 /* The following are used internally by the fts5_index.c module. They are
 ** defined here only to make it easier to avoid clashes with the flags
 ** above. */
-#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY  0x0010
-#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT   0x0020
-#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPHASH   0x0040
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY   0x0010
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT    0x0020
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPHASH    0x0040
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOTOKENDATA 0x0080
+#define FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCANONETERM 0x0100
 
 /*
 ** Create/destroy an Fts5Index object.
@@ -226843,6 +232522,10 @@ static void *sqlite3Fts5StructureRef(Fts5Index*);
 static void sqlite3Fts5StructureRelease(void*);
 static int sqlite3Fts5StructureTest(Fts5Index*, void*);
 
+/*
+** Used by xInstToken():
+*/
+static int sqlite3Fts5IterToken(Fts5IndexIter*, i64, int, int, const char**, int*);
 
 /*
 ** Insert or remove data to or from the index. Each time a document is
@@ -226920,6 +232603,13 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(Fts5Index *p);
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexGetOrigin(Fts5Index *p, i64 *piOrigin);
 static int sqlite3Fts5IndexContentlessDelete(Fts5Index *p, i64 iOrigin, i64 iRowid);
 
+static void sqlite3Fts5IndexIterClearTokendata(Fts5IndexIter*);
+
+/* Used to populate hash tables for xInstToken in detail=none/column mode. */
+static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIterWriteTokendata(
+    Fts5IndexIter*, const char*, int, i64 iRowid, int iCol, int iOff
+);
+
 /*
 ** End of interface to code in fts5_index.c.
 **************************************************************************/
@@ -227025,6 +232715,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanNext(Fts5Hash*);
 static int sqlite3Fts5HashScanEof(Fts5Hash*);
 static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(Fts5Hash *,
   const char **pzTerm,            /* OUT: term (nul-terminated) */
+  int *pnTerm,                    /* OUT: Size of term in bytes */
   const u8 **ppDoclist,           /* OUT: pointer to doclist */
   int *pnDoclist                  /* OUT: size of doclist in bytes */
 );
@@ -227151,6 +232842,10 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprClonePhrase(Fts5Expr*, int, Fts5Expr**);
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPhraseCollist(Fts5Expr *, int, const u8 **, int *);
 
+static int sqlite3Fts5ExprQueryToken(Fts5Expr*, int, int, const char**, int*);
+static int sqlite3Fts5ExprInstToken(Fts5Expr*, i64, int, int, int, int, const char**, int*);
+static void sqlite3Fts5ExprClearTokens(Fts5Expr*);
+
 /*******************************************
 ** The fts5_expr.c API above this point is used by the other hand-written
 ** C code in this module. The interfaces below this point are called by
@@ -227387,6 +233082,9 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5UnicodeAscii(u8*, u8*);
 **    sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_STORE     Code to store %extra_argument into fts5yypParser
 **    sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_FETCH     Code to extract %extra_argument from fts5yypParser
 **    sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_*         As sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_ except for %extra_context
+**    fts5YYREALLOC          Name of the realloc() function to use
+**    fts5YYFREE             Name of the free() function to use
+**    fts5YYDYNSTACK         True if stack space should be extended on heap
 **    fts5YYERRORSYMBOL      is the code number of the error symbol.  If not
 **                       defined, then do no error processing.
 **    fts5YYNSTATE           the combined number of states.
@@ -227400,6 +233098,8 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5UnicodeAscii(u8*, u8*);
 **    fts5YY_NO_ACTION       The fts5yy_action[] code for no-op
 **    fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE      Minimum value for reduce actions
 **    fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
+**    fts5YY_MIN_DSTRCTR     Minimum symbol value that has a destructor
+**    fts5YY_MAX_DSTRCTR     Maximum symbol value that has a destructor
 */
 #ifndef INTERFACE
 # define INTERFACE 1
@@ -227426,6 +233126,9 @@ typedef union {
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_PARAM ,pParse
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_FETCH Fts5Parse *pParse=fts5yypParser->pParse;
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_STORE fts5yypParser->pParse=pParse;
+#define fts5YYREALLOC realloc
+#define fts5YYFREE free
+#define fts5YYDYNSTACK 0
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_SDECL
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_PDECL
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_PARAM
@@ -227443,6 +233146,8 @@ typedef union {
 #define fts5YY_NO_ACTION         82
 #define fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE        83
 #define fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE        110
+#define fts5YY_MIN_DSTRCTR       16
+#define fts5YY_MAX_DSTRCTR       24
 /************* End control #defines *******************************************/
 #define fts5YY_NLOOKAHEAD ((int)(sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead)/sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead[0])))
 
@@ -227458,6 +233163,22 @@ typedef union {
 # define fts5yytestcase(X)
 #endif
 
+/* Macro to determine if stack space has the ability to grow using
+** heap memory.
+*/
+#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH<=0 || fts5YYDYNSTACK
+# define fts5YYGROWABLESTACK 1
+#else
+# define fts5YYGROWABLESTACK 0
+#endif
+
+/* Guarantee a minimum number of initial stack slots.
+*/
+#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
+# undef fts5YYSTACKDEPTH
+# define fts5YYSTACKDEPTH 2  /* Need a minimum stack size */
+#endif
+
 
 /* Next are the tables used to determine what action to take based on the
 ** current state and lookahead token.  These tables are used to implement
@@ -227618,14 +233339,9 @@ struct fts5yyParser {
 #endif
   sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_SDECL                /* A place to hold %extra_argument */
   sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_SDECL                /* A place to hold %extra_context */
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-  int fts5yystksz;                  /* Current side of the stack */
-  fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yystack;        /* The parser's stack */
-  fts5yyStackEntry fts5yystk0;          /* First stack entry */
-#else
-  fts5yyStackEntry fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* The parser's stack */
-  fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yystackEnd;            /* Last entry in the stack */
-#endif
+  fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yystackEnd;           /* Last entry in the stack */
+  fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yystack;              /* The parser stack */
+  fts5yyStackEntry fts5yystk0[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* Initial stack space */
 };
 typedef struct fts5yyParser fts5yyParser;
 
@@ -227732,37 +233448,45 @@ static const char *const fts5yyRuleName[] = {
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
 
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
+#if fts5YYGROWABLESTACK
 /*
 ** Try to increase the size of the parser stack.  Return the number
 ** of errors.  Return 0 on success.
 */
 static int fts5yyGrowStack(fts5yyParser *p){
+  int oldSize = 1 + (int)(p->fts5yystackEnd - p->fts5yystack);
   int newSize;
   int idx;
   fts5yyStackEntry *pNew;
 
-  newSize = p->fts5yystksz*2 + 100;
-  idx = p->fts5yytos ? (int)(p->fts5yytos - p->fts5yystack) : 0;
-  if( p->fts5yystack==&p->fts5yystk0 ){
-    pNew = malloc(newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
-    if( pNew ) pNew[0] = p->fts5yystk0;
+  newSize = oldSize*2 + 100;
+  idx = (int)(p->fts5yytos - p->fts5yystack);
+  if( p->fts5yystack==p->fts5yystk0 ){
+    pNew = fts5YYREALLOC(0, newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
+    if( pNew==0 ) return 1;
+    memcpy(pNew, p->fts5yystack, oldSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
   }else{
-    pNew = realloc(p->fts5yystack, newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
+    pNew = fts5YYREALLOC(p->fts5yystack, newSize*sizeof(pNew[0]));
+    if( pNew==0 ) return 1;
   }
-  if( pNew ){
-    p->fts5yystack = pNew;
-    p->fts5yytos = &p->fts5yystack[idx];
+  p->fts5yystack = pNew;
+  p->fts5yytos = &p->fts5yystack[idx];
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
-      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sStack grows from %d to %d entries.\n",
-              fts5yyTracePrompt, p->fts5yystksz, newSize);
-    }
-#endif
-    p->fts5yystksz = newSize;
+  if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
+    fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sStack grows from %d to %d entries.\n",
+            fts5yyTracePrompt, oldSize, newSize);
   }
-  return pNew==0;
+#endif
+  p->fts5yystackEnd = &p->fts5yystack[newSize-1];
+  return 0;
 }
+#endif /* fts5YYGROWABLESTACK */
+
+#if !fts5YYGROWABLESTACK
+/* For builds that do no have a growable stack, fts5yyGrowStack always
+** returns an error.
+*/
+# define fts5yyGrowStack(X) 1
 #endif
 
 /* Datatype of the argument to the memory allocated passed as the
@@ -227782,24 +233506,14 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5ParserInit(void *fts5yypRawParser sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_PD
 #ifdef fts5YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
   fts5yypParser->fts5yyhwm = 0;
 #endif
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-  fts5yypParser->fts5yytos = NULL;
-  fts5yypParser->fts5yystack = NULL;
-  fts5yypParser->fts5yystksz = 0;
-  if( fts5yyGrowStack(fts5yypParser) ){
-    fts5yypParser->fts5yystack = &fts5yypParser->fts5yystk0;
-    fts5yypParser->fts5yystksz = 1;
-  }
-#endif
+  fts5yypParser->fts5yystack = fts5yypParser->fts5yystk0;
+  fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd = &fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH-1];
 #ifndef fts5YYNOERRORRECOVERY
   fts5yypParser->fts5yyerrcnt = -1;
 #endif
   fts5yypParser->fts5yytos = fts5yypParser->fts5yystack;
   fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[0].stateno = 0;
   fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[0].major = 0;
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0
-  fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd = &fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH-1];
-#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Fts5Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
@@ -227913,9 +233627,26 @@ static void fts5yy_pop_parser_stack(fts5yyParser *pParser){
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5ParserFinalize(void *p){
   fts5yyParser *pParser = (fts5yyParser*)p;
-  while( pParser->fts5yytos>pParser->fts5yystack ) fts5yy_pop_parser_stack(pParser);
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
-  if( pParser->fts5yystack!=&pParser->fts5yystk0 ) free(pParser->fts5yystack);
+
+  /* In-lined version of calling fts5yy_pop_parser_stack() for each
+  ** element left in the stack */
+  fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yytos = pParser->fts5yytos;
+  while( fts5yytos>pParser->fts5yystack ){
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sPopping %s\n",
+        fts5yyTracePrompt,
+        fts5yyTokenName[fts5yytos->major]);
+    }
+#endif
+    if( fts5yytos->major>=fts5YY_MIN_DSTRCTR ){
+      fts5yy_destructor(pParser, fts5yytos->major, &fts5yytos->minor);
+    }
+    fts5yytos--;
+  }
+
+#if fts5YYGROWABLESTACK
+  if( pParser->fts5yystack!=pParser->fts5yystk0 ) fts5YYFREE(pParser->fts5yystack);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -228142,25 +233873,19 @@ static void fts5yy_shift(
     assert( fts5yypParser->fts5yyhwm == (int)(fts5yypParser->fts5yytos - fts5yypParser->fts5yystack) );
   }
 #endif
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0
-  if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
-    fts5yypParser->fts5yytos--;
-    fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
-    return;
-  }
-#else
-  if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=&fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[fts5yypParser->fts5yystksz] ){
+  fts5yytos = fts5yypParser->fts5yytos;
+  if( fts5yytos>fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
     if( fts5yyGrowStack(fts5yypParser) ){
       fts5yypParser->fts5yytos--;
       fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
       return;
     }
+    fts5yytos = fts5yypParser->fts5yytos;
+    assert( fts5yytos <= fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd );
   }
-#endif
   if( fts5yyNewState > fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT ){
     fts5yyNewState += fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE - fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE;
   }
-  fts5yytos = fts5yypParser->fts5yytos;
   fts5yytos->stateno = fts5yyNewState;
   fts5yytos->major = fts5yyMajor;
   fts5yytos->minor.fts5yy0 = fts5yyMinor;
@@ -228597,19 +234322,12 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5Parser(
                   (int)(fts5yypParser->fts5yytos - fts5yypParser->fts5yystack));
         }
 #endif
-#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0
         if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
-          fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
-          break;
-        }
-#else
-        if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=&fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[fts5yypParser->fts5yystksz-1] ){
           if( fts5yyGrowStack(fts5yypParser) ){
             fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
             break;
           }
         }
-#endif
       }
       fts5yyact = fts5yy_reduce(fts5yypParser,fts5yyruleno,fts5yymajor,fts5yyminor sqlite3Fts5ParserCTX_PARAM);
     }else if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
@@ -228865,15 +234583,19 @@ static int fts5CInstIterInit(
 */
 typedef struct HighlightContext HighlightContext;
 struct HighlightContext {
-  CInstIter iter;                 /* Coalesced Instance Iterator */
-  int iPos;                       /* Current token offset in zIn[] */
+  /* Constant parameters to fts5HighlightCb() */
   int iRangeStart;                /* First token to include */
   int iRangeEnd;                  /* If non-zero, last token to include */
   const char *zOpen;              /* Opening highlight */
   const char *zClose;             /* Closing highlight */
   const char *zIn;                /* Input text */
   int nIn;                        /* Size of input text in bytes */
-  int iOff;                       /* Current offset within zIn[] */
+
+  /* Variables modified by fts5HighlightCb() */
+  CInstIter iter;                 /* Coalesced Instance Iterator */
+  int iPos;                       /* Current token offset in zIn[] */
+  int iOff;                       /* Have copied up to this offset in zIn[] */
+  int bOpen;                      /* True if highlight is open */
   char *zOut;                     /* Output value */
 };
 
@@ -228906,8 +234628,8 @@ static int fts5HighlightCb(
   int tflags,                     /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
   const char *pToken,             /* Buffer containing token */
   int nToken,                     /* Size of token in bytes */
-  int iStartOff,                  /* Start offset of token */
-  int iEndOff                     /* End offset of token */
+  int iStartOff,                  /* Start byte offset of token */
+  int iEndOff                     /* End byte offset of token */
 ){
   HighlightContext *p = (HighlightContext*)pContext;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -228923,30 +234645,55 @@ static int fts5HighlightCb(
     if( p->iRangeStart && iPos==p->iRangeStart ) p->iOff = iStartOff;
   }
 
-  if( iPos==p->iter.iStart ){
+  /* If the parenthesis is open, and this token is not part of the current
+  ** phrase, and the starting byte offset of this token is past the point
+  ** that has currently been copied into the output buffer, close the
+  ** parenthesis. */
+  if( p->bOpen
+   && (iPos<=p->iter.iStart || p->iter.iStart<0)
+   && iStartOff>p->iOff
+  ){
+    fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, p->zClose, -1);
+    p->bOpen = 0;
+  }
+
+  /* If this is the start of a new phrase, and the highlight is not open:
+  **
+  **   * copy text from the input up to the start of the phrase, and
+  **   * open the highlight.
+  */
+  if( iPos==p->iter.iStart && p->bOpen==0 ){
     fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, &p->zIn[p->iOff], iStartOff - p->iOff);
     fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, p->zOpen, -1);
     p->iOff = iStartOff;
+    p->bOpen = 1;
   }
 
   if( iPos==p->iter.iEnd ){
-    if( p->iRangeEnd>=0 && p->iter.iStart<p->iRangeStart ){
+    if( p->bOpen==0 ){
+      assert( p->iRangeEnd>=0 );
       fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, p->zOpen, -1);
+      p->bOpen = 1;
     }
     fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, &p->zIn[p->iOff], iEndOff - p->iOff);
-    fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, p->zClose, -1);
     p->iOff = iEndOff;
+
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = fts5CInstIterNext(&p->iter);
     }
   }
 
-  if( p->iRangeEnd>=0 && iPos==p->iRangeEnd ){
-    fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, &p->zIn[p->iOff], iEndOff - p->iOff);
-    p->iOff = iEndOff;
-    if( iPos>=p->iter.iStart && iPos<p->iter.iEnd ){
+  if( iPos==p->iRangeEnd ){
+    if( p->bOpen ){
+      if( p->iter.iStart>=0 && iPos>=p->iter.iStart ){
+        fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, &p->zIn[p->iOff], iEndOff - p->iOff);
+        p->iOff = iEndOff;
+      }
       fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, p->zClose, -1);
+      p->bOpen = 0;
     }
+    fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, p, &p->zIn[p->iOff], iEndOff - p->iOff);
+    p->iOff = iEndOff;
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -228978,8 +234725,10 @@ static void fts5HighlightFunction(
   ctx.zClose = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
   ctx.iRangeEnd = -1;
   rc = pApi->xColumnText(pFts, iCol, &ctx.zIn, &ctx.nIn);
-
-  if( ctx.zIn ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_RANGE ){
+    sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "", -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }else if( ctx.zIn ){
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = fts5CInstIterInit(pApi, pFts, iCol, &ctx.iter);
     }
@@ -228987,6 +234736,9 @@ static void fts5HighlightFunction(
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = pApi->xTokenize(pFts, ctx.zIn, ctx.nIn, (void*)&ctx,fts5HighlightCb);
     }
+    if( ctx.bOpen ){
+      fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, &ctx, ctx.zClose, -1);
+    }
     fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, &ctx, &ctx.zIn[ctx.iOff], ctx.nIn - ctx.iOff);
 
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -229265,6 +235017,9 @@ static void fts5SnippetFunction(
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = pApi->xTokenize(pFts, ctx.zIn, ctx.nIn, (void*)&ctx,fts5HighlightCb);
     }
+    if( ctx.bOpen ){
+      fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, &ctx, ctx.zClose, -1);
+    }
     if( ctx.iRangeEnd>=(nColSize-1) ){
       fts5HighlightAppend(&rc, &ctx, &ctx.zIn[ctx.iOff], ctx.nIn - ctx.iOff);
     }else{
@@ -229540,6 +235295,7 @@ static void sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendBlob(
 ){
   if( nData ){
     if( fts5BufferGrow(pRc, pBuf, nData) ) return;
+    assert( pBuf->p!=0 );
     memcpy(&pBuf->p[pBuf->n], pData, nData);
     pBuf->n += nData;
   }
@@ -229641,6 +235397,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(
   i64 *piOff                      /* IN/OUT: Current offset */
 ){
   int i = *pi;
+  assert( a!=0 || i==0 );
   if( i>=n ){
     /* EOF */
     *piOff = -1;
@@ -229648,6 +235405,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(
   }else{
     i64 iOff = *piOff;
     u32 iVal;
+    assert( a!=0 );
     fts5FastGetVarint32(a, i, iVal);
     if( iVal<=1 ){
       if( iVal==0 ){
@@ -230279,6 +236037,16 @@ static int fts5ConfigParseSpecial(
     return rc;
   }
 
+  if( sqlite3_strnicmp("tokendata", zCmd, nCmd)==0 ){
+    if( (zArg[0]!='0' && zArg[0]!='1') || zArg[1]!='\0' ){
+      *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("malformed tokendata=... directive");
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }else{
+      pConfig->bTokendata = (zArg[0]=='1');
+    }
+    return rc;
+  }
+
   *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("unrecognized option: \"%.*s\"", nCmd, zCmd);
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
 }
@@ -231012,7 +236780,9 @@ struct Fts5ExprNode {
 struct Fts5ExprTerm {
   u8 bPrefix;                     /* True for a prefix term */
   u8 bFirst;                      /* True if token must be first in column */
-  char *zTerm;                    /* nul-terminated term */
+  char *pTerm;                    /* Term data */
+  int nQueryTerm;                 /* Effective size of term in bytes */
+  int nFullTerm;                  /* Size of term in bytes incl. tokendata */
   Fts5IndexIter *pIter;           /* Iterator for this term */
   Fts5ExprTerm *pSynonym;         /* Pointer to first in list of synonyms */
 };
@@ -231879,7 +237649,7 @@ static int fts5ExprNearInitAll(
             p->pIter = 0;
           }
           rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
-              pExpr->pIndex, p->zTerm, (int)strlen(p->zTerm),
+              pExpr->pIndex, p->pTerm, p->nQueryTerm,
               (pTerm->bPrefix ? FTS5INDEX_QUERY_PREFIX : 0) |
               (pExpr->bDesc ? FTS5INDEX_QUERY_DESC : 0),
               pNear->pColset,
@@ -232516,7 +238286,7 @@ static void fts5ExprPhraseFree(Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase){
       Fts5ExprTerm *pSyn;
       Fts5ExprTerm *pNext;
       Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm = &pPhrase->aTerm[i];
-      sqlite3_free(pTerm->zTerm);
+      sqlite3_free(pTerm->pTerm);
       sqlite3Fts5IterClose(pTerm->pIter);
       for(pSyn=pTerm->pSynonym; pSyn; pSyn=pNext){
         pNext = pSyn->pSynonym;
@@ -232614,6 +238384,7 @@ static Fts5ExprNearset *sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(
 typedef struct TokenCtx TokenCtx;
 struct TokenCtx {
   Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase;
+  Fts5Config *pConfig;
   int rc;
 };
 
@@ -232647,8 +238418,12 @@ static int fts5ParseTokenize(
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
       memset(pSyn, 0, (size_t)nByte);
-      pSyn->zTerm = ((char*)pSyn) + sizeof(Fts5ExprTerm) + sizeof(Fts5Buffer);
-      memcpy(pSyn->zTerm, pToken, nToken);
+      pSyn->pTerm = ((char*)pSyn) + sizeof(Fts5ExprTerm) + sizeof(Fts5Buffer);
+      pSyn->nFullTerm = pSyn->nQueryTerm = nToken;
+      if( pCtx->pConfig->bTokendata ){
+        pSyn->nQueryTerm = (int)strlen(pSyn->pTerm);
+      }
+      memcpy(pSyn->pTerm, pToken, nToken);
       pSyn->pSynonym = pPhrase->aTerm[pPhrase->nTerm-1].pSynonym;
       pPhrase->aTerm[pPhrase->nTerm-1].pSynonym = pSyn;
     }
@@ -232673,7 +238448,11 @@ static int fts5ParseTokenize(
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       pTerm = &pPhrase->aTerm[pPhrase->nTerm++];
       memset(pTerm, 0, sizeof(Fts5ExprTerm));
-      pTerm->zTerm = sqlite3Fts5Strndup(&rc, pToken, nToken);
+      pTerm->pTerm = sqlite3Fts5Strndup(&rc, pToken, nToken);
+      pTerm->nFullTerm = pTerm->nQueryTerm = nToken;
+      if( pCtx->pConfig->bTokendata && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        pTerm->nQueryTerm = (int)strlen(pTerm->pTerm);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -232740,6 +238519,7 @@ static Fts5ExprPhrase *sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(
 
   memset(&sCtx, 0, sizeof(TokenCtx));
   sCtx.pPhrase = pAppend;
+  sCtx.pConfig = pConfig;
 
   rc = fts5ParseStringFromToken(pToken, &z);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -232787,12 +238567,15 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprClonePhrase(
   Fts5Expr **ppNew
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  Fts5ExprPhrase *pOrig;          /* The phrase extracted from pExpr */
+  Fts5ExprPhrase *pOrig = 0;      /* The phrase extracted from pExpr */
   Fts5Expr *pNew = 0;             /* Expression to return via *ppNew */
-  TokenCtx sCtx = {0,0};          /* Context object for fts5ParseTokenize */
-
-  pOrig = pExpr->apExprPhrase[iPhrase];
-  pNew = (Fts5Expr*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, sizeof(Fts5Expr));
+  TokenCtx sCtx = {0,0,0};        /* Context object for fts5ParseTokenize */
+  if( iPhrase<0 || iPhrase>=pExpr->nPhrase ){
+    rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
+  }else{
+    pOrig = pExpr->apExprPhrase[iPhrase];
+    pNew = (Fts5Expr*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, sizeof(Fts5Expr));
+  }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pNew->apExprPhrase = (Fts5ExprPhrase**)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc,
         sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*));
@@ -232805,7 +238588,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprClonePhrase(
     pNew->pRoot->pNear = (Fts5ExprNearset*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc,
         sizeof(Fts5ExprNearset) + sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase*));
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ALWAYS(pOrig!=0) ){
     Fts5Colset *pColsetOrig = pOrig->pNode->pNear->pColset;
     if( pColsetOrig ){
       sqlite3_int64 nByte;
@@ -232819,26 +238602,27 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprClonePhrase(
     }
   }
 
-  if( pOrig->nTerm ){
-    int i;                          /* Used to iterate through phrase terms */
-    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pOrig->nTerm; i++){
-      int tflags = 0;
-      Fts5ExprTerm *p;
-      for(p=&pOrig->aTerm[i]; p && rc==SQLITE_OK; p=p->pSynonym){
-        const char *zTerm = p->zTerm;
-        rc = fts5ParseTokenize((void*)&sCtx, tflags, zTerm, (int)strlen(zTerm),
-            0, 0);
-        tflags = FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED;
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        sCtx.pPhrase->aTerm[i].bPrefix = pOrig->aTerm[i].bPrefix;
-        sCtx.pPhrase->aTerm[i].bFirst = pOrig->aTerm[i].bFirst;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pOrig->nTerm ){
+      int i;                          /* Used to iterate through phrase terms */
+      sCtx.pConfig = pExpr->pConfig;
+      for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pOrig->nTerm; i++){
+        int tflags = 0;
+        Fts5ExprTerm *p;
+        for(p=&pOrig->aTerm[i]; p && rc==SQLITE_OK; p=p->pSynonym){
+          rc = fts5ParseTokenize((void*)&sCtx,tflags,p->pTerm,p->nFullTerm,0,0);
+          tflags = FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED;
+        }
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          sCtx.pPhrase->aTerm[i].bPrefix = pOrig->aTerm[i].bPrefix;
+          sCtx.pPhrase->aTerm[i].bFirst = pOrig->aTerm[i].bFirst;
+        }
       }
+    }else{
+      /* This happens when parsing a token or quoted phrase that contains
+      ** no token characters at all. (e.g ... MATCH '""'). */
+      sCtx.pPhrase = sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase));
     }
-  }else{
-    /* This happens when parsing a token or quoted phrase that contains
-    ** no token characters at all. (e.g ... MATCH '""'). */
-    sCtx.pPhrase = sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&rc, sizeof(Fts5ExprPhrase));
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && ALWAYS(sCtx.pPhrase) ){
@@ -233208,11 +238992,13 @@ static Fts5ExprNode *fts5ParsePhraseToAnd(
         if( parseGrowPhraseArray(pParse) ){
           fts5ExprPhraseFree(pPhrase);
         }else{
+          Fts5ExprTerm *p = &pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[ii];
+          Fts5ExprTerm *pTo = &pPhrase->aTerm[0];
           pParse->apPhrase[pParse->nPhrase++] = pPhrase;
           pPhrase->nTerm = 1;
-          pPhrase->aTerm[0].zTerm = sqlite3Fts5Strndup(
-              &pParse->rc, pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[ii].zTerm, -1
-          );
+          pTo->pTerm = sqlite3Fts5Strndup(&pParse->rc, p->pTerm, p->nFullTerm);
+          pTo->nQueryTerm = p->nQueryTerm;
+          pTo->nFullTerm = p->nFullTerm;
           pRet->apChild[ii] = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING,
               0, 0, sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, pPhrase)
           );
@@ -233397,16 +239183,17 @@ static char *fts5ExprTermPrint(Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm){
 
   /* Determine the maximum amount of space required. */
   for(p=pTerm; p; p=p->pSynonym){
-    nByte += (int)strlen(pTerm->zTerm) * 2 + 3 + 2;
+    nByte += pTerm->nQueryTerm * 2 + 3 + 2;
   }
   zQuoted = sqlite3_malloc64(nByte);
 
   if( zQuoted ){
     int i = 0;
     for(p=pTerm; p; p=p->pSynonym){
-      char *zIn = p->zTerm;
+      char *zIn = p->pTerm;
+      char *zEnd = &zIn[p->nQueryTerm];
       zQuoted[i++] = '"';
-      while( *zIn ){
+      while( zIn<zEnd ){
         if( *zIn=='"' ) zQuoted[i++] = '"';
         zQuoted[i++] = *zIn++;
       }
@@ -233484,8 +239271,10 @@ static char *fts5ExprPrintTcl(
 
       zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, " {");
       for(iTerm=0; zRet && iTerm<pPhrase->nTerm; iTerm++){
-        char *zTerm = pPhrase->aTerm[iTerm].zTerm;
-        zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "%s%s", iTerm==0?"":" ", zTerm);
+        Fts5ExprTerm *p = &pPhrase->aTerm[iTerm];
+        zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "%s%.*s", iTerm==0?"":" ",
+            p->nQueryTerm, p->pTerm
+        );
         if( pPhrase->aTerm[iTerm].bPrefix ){
           zRet = fts5PrintfAppend(zRet, "*");
         }
@@ -233886,6 +239675,17 @@ static int fts5ExprColsetTest(Fts5Colset *pColset, int iCol){
   return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** pToken is a buffer nToken bytes in size that may or may not contain
+** an embedded 0x00 byte. If it does, return the number of bytes in
+** the buffer before the 0x00. If it does not, return nToken.
+*/
+static int fts5QueryTerm(const char *pToken, int nToken){
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<nToken && pToken[ii]; ii++){}
+  return ii;
+}
+
 static int fts5ExprPopulatePoslistsCb(
   void *pCtx,                /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
   int tflags,                /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
@@ -233897,22 +239697,33 @@ static int fts5ExprPopulatePoslistsCb(
   Fts5ExprCtx *p = (Fts5ExprCtx*)pCtx;
   Fts5Expr *pExpr = p->pExpr;
   int i;
+  int nQuery = nToken;
+  i64 iRowid = pExpr->pRoot->iRowid;
 
   UNUSED_PARAM2(iUnused1, iUnused2);
 
-  if( nToken>FTS5_MAX_TOKEN_SIZE ) nToken = FTS5_MAX_TOKEN_SIZE;
+  if( nQuery>FTS5_MAX_TOKEN_SIZE ) nQuery = FTS5_MAX_TOKEN_SIZE;
+  if( pExpr->pConfig->bTokendata ){
+    nQuery = fts5QueryTerm(pToken, nQuery);
+  }
   if( (tflags & FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED)==0 ) p->iOff++;
   for(i=0; i<pExpr->nPhrase; i++){
-    Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm;
+    Fts5ExprTerm *pT;
     if( p->aPopulator[i].bOk==0 ) continue;
-    for(pTerm=&pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->aTerm[0]; pTerm; pTerm=pTerm->pSynonym){
-      int nTerm = (int)strlen(pTerm->zTerm);
-      if( (nTerm==nToken || (nTerm<nToken && pTerm->bPrefix))
-       && memcmp(pTerm->zTerm, pToken, nTerm)==0
+    for(pT=&pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->aTerm[0]; pT; pT=pT->pSynonym){
+      if( (pT->nQueryTerm==nQuery || (pT->nQueryTerm<nQuery && pT->bPrefix))
+       && memcmp(pT->pTerm, pToken, pT->nQueryTerm)==0
       ){
         int rc = sqlite3Fts5PoslistWriterAppend(
             &pExpr->apExprPhrase[i]->poslist, &p->aPopulator[i].writer, p->iOff
         );
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pExpr->pConfig->bTokendata && !pT->bPrefix ){
+          int iCol = p->iOff>>32;
+          int iTokOff = p->iOff & 0x7FFFFFFF;
+          rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexIterWriteTokendata(
+              pT->pIter, pToken, nToken, iRowid, iCol, iTokOff
+          );
+        }
         if( rc ) return rc;
         break;
       }
@@ -234049,6 +239860,83 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5ExprPhraseCollist(
 }
 
 /*
+** Does the work of the fts5_api.xQueryToken() API method.
+*/
+static int sqlite3Fts5ExprQueryToken(
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
+  int iPhrase,
+  int iToken,
+  const char **ppOut,
+  int *pnOut
+){
+  Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = 0;
+
+  if( iPhrase<0 || iPhrase>=pExpr->nPhrase ){
+    return SQLITE_RANGE;
+  }
+  pPhrase = pExpr->apExprPhrase[iPhrase];
+  if( iToken<0 || iToken>=pPhrase->nTerm ){
+    return SQLITE_RANGE;
+  }
+
+  *ppOut = pPhrase->aTerm[iToken].pTerm;
+  *pnOut = pPhrase->aTerm[iToken].nFullTerm;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Does the work of the fts5_api.xInstToken() API method.
+*/
+static int sqlite3Fts5ExprInstToken(
+  Fts5Expr *pExpr,
+  i64 iRowid,
+  int iPhrase,
+  int iCol,
+  int iOff,
+  int iToken,
+  const char **ppOut,
+  int *pnOut
+){
+  Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = 0;
+  Fts5ExprTerm *pTerm = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  if( iPhrase<0 || iPhrase>=pExpr->nPhrase ){
+    return SQLITE_RANGE;
+  }
+  pPhrase = pExpr->apExprPhrase[iPhrase];
+  if( iToken<0 || iToken>=pPhrase->nTerm ){
+    return SQLITE_RANGE;
+  }
+  pTerm = &pPhrase->aTerm[iToken];
+  if( pTerm->bPrefix==0 ){
+    if( pExpr->pConfig->bTokendata ){
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5IterToken(
+          pTerm->pIter, iRowid, iCol, iOff+iToken, ppOut, pnOut
+      );
+    }else{
+      *ppOut = pTerm->pTerm;
+      *pnOut = pTerm->nFullTerm;
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Clear the token mappings for all Fts5IndexIter objects mannaged by
+** the expression passed as the only argument.
+*/
+static void sqlite3Fts5ExprClearTokens(Fts5Expr *pExpr){
+  int ii;
+  for(ii=0; ii<pExpr->nPhrase; ii++){
+    Fts5ExprTerm *pT;
+    for(pT=&pExpr->apExprPhrase[ii]->aTerm[0]; pT; pT=pT->pSynonym){
+      sqlite3Fts5IndexIterClearTokendata(pT->pIter);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
 ** 2014 August 11
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
@@ -234086,10 +239974,15 @@ struct Fts5Hash {
 
 /*
 ** Each entry in the hash table is represented by an object of the
-** following type. Each object, its key (a nul-terminated string) and
-** its current data are stored in a single memory allocation. The
-** key immediately follows the object in memory. The position list
-** data immediately follows the key data in memory.
+** following type. Each object, its key, and its current data are stored
+** in a single memory allocation. The key immediately follows the object
+** in memory. The position list data immediately follows the key data
+** in memory.
+**
+** The key is Fts5HashEntry.nKey bytes in size. It consists of a single
+** byte identifying the index (either the main term index or a prefix-index),
+** followed by the term data. For example: "0token". There is no
+** nul-terminator - in this case nKey=6.
 **
 ** The data that follows the key is in a similar, but not identical format
 ** to the doclist data stored in the database. It is:
@@ -234224,8 +240117,7 @@ static int fts5HashResize(Fts5Hash *pHash){
       unsigned int iHash;
       Fts5HashEntry *p = apOld[i];
       apOld[i] = p->pHashNext;
-      iHash = fts5HashKey(nNew, (u8*)fts5EntryKey(p),
-                          (int)strlen(fts5EntryKey(p)));
+      iHash = fts5HashKey(nNew, (u8*)fts5EntryKey(p), p->nKey);
       p->pHashNext = apNew[iHash];
       apNew[iHash] = p;
     }
@@ -234309,7 +240201,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(
   for(p=pHash->aSlot[iHash]; p; p=p->pHashNext){
     char *zKey = fts5EntryKey(p);
     if( zKey[0]==bByte
-     && p->nKey==nToken
+     && p->nKey==nToken+1
      && memcmp(&zKey[1], pToken, nToken)==0
     ){
       break;
@@ -234339,9 +240231,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashWrite(
     zKey[0] = bByte;
     memcpy(&zKey[1], pToken, nToken);
     assert( iHash==fts5HashKey(pHash->nSlot, (u8*)zKey, nToken+1) );
-    p->nKey = nToken;
+    p->nKey = nToken+1;
     zKey[nToken+1] = '\0';
-    p->nData = nToken+1 + 1 + sizeof(Fts5HashEntry);
+    p->nData = nToken+1 + sizeof(Fts5HashEntry);
     p->pHashNext = pHash->aSlot[iHash];
     pHash->aSlot[iHash] = p;
     pHash->nEntry++;
@@ -234458,12 +240350,17 @@ static Fts5HashEntry *fts5HashEntryMerge(
       *ppOut = p1;
       p1 = 0;
     }else{
-      int i = 0;
       char *zKey1 = fts5EntryKey(p1);
       char *zKey2 = fts5EntryKey(p2);
-      while( zKey1[i]==zKey2[i] ) i++;
+      int nMin = MIN(p1->nKey, p2->nKey);
 
-      if( ((u8)zKey1[i])>((u8)zKey2[i]) ){
+      int cmp = memcmp(zKey1, zKey2, nMin);
+      if( cmp==0 ){
+        cmp = p1->nKey - p2->nKey;
+      }
+      assert( cmp!=0 );
+
+      if( cmp>0 ){
         /* p2 is smaller */
         *ppOut = p2;
         ppOut = &p2->pScanNext;
@@ -234482,10 +240379,8 @@ static Fts5HashEntry *fts5HashEntryMerge(
 }
 
 /*
-** Extract all tokens from hash table iHash and link them into a list
-** in sorted order. The hash table is cleared before returning. It is
-** the responsibility of the caller to free the elements of the returned
-** list.
+** Link all tokens from hash table iHash into a list in sorted order. The
+** tokens are not removed from the hash table.
 */
 static int fts5HashEntrySort(
   Fts5Hash *pHash,
@@ -234507,7 +240402,7 @@ static int fts5HashEntrySort(
     Fts5HashEntry *pIter;
     for(pIter=pHash->aSlot[iSlot]; pIter; pIter=pIter->pHashNext){
       if( pTerm==0
-       || (pIter->nKey+1>=nTerm && 0==memcmp(fts5EntryKey(pIter), pTerm, nTerm))
+       || (pIter->nKey>=nTerm && 0==memcmp(fts5EntryKey(pIter), pTerm, nTerm))
       ){
         Fts5HashEntry *pEntry = pIter;
         pEntry->pScanNext = 0;
@@ -234546,12 +240441,11 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashQuery(
 
   for(p=pHash->aSlot[iHash]; p; p=p->pHashNext){
     zKey = fts5EntryKey(p);
-    assert( p->nKey+1==(int)strlen(zKey) );
-    if( nTerm==p->nKey+1 && memcmp(zKey, pTerm, nTerm)==0 ) break;
+    if( nTerm==p->nKey && memcmp(zKey, pTerm, nTerm)==0 ) break;
   }
 
   if( p ){
-    int nHashPre = sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + nTerm + 1;
+    int nHashPre = sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + nTerm;
     int nList = p->nData - nHashPre;
     u8 *pRet = (u8*)(*ppOut = sqlite3_malloc64(nPre + nList + 10));
     if( pRet ){
@@ -234612,19 +240506,22 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5HashScanEof(Fts5Hash *p){
 static void sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(
   Fts5Hash *pHash,
   const char **pzTerm,            /* OUT: term (nul-terminated) */
+  int *pnTerm,                    /* OUT: Size of term in bytes */
   const u8 **ppDoclist,           /* OUT: pointer to doclist */
   int *pnDoclist                  /* OUT: size of doclist in bytes */
 ){
   Fts5HashEntry *p;
   if( (p = pHash->pScan) ){
     char *zKey = fts5EntryKey(p);
-    int nTerm = (int)strlen(zKey);
+    int nTerm = p->nKey;
     fts5HashAddPoslistSize(pHash, p, 0);
     *pzTerm = zKey;
-    *ppDoclist = (const u8*)&zKey[nTerm+1];
-    *pnDoclist = p->nData - (sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + nTerm + 1);
+    *pnTerm = nTerm;
+    *ppDoclist = (const u8*)&zKey[nTerm];
+    *pnDoclist = p->nData - (sizeof(Fts5HashEntry) + nTerm);
   }else{
     *pzTerm = 0;
+    *pnTerm = 0;
     *ppDoclist = 0;
     *pnDoclist = 0;
   }
@@ -234955,6 +240852,9 @@ typedef struct Fts5SegWriter Fts5SegWriter;
 typedef struct Fts5Structure Fts5Structure;
 typedef struct Fts5StructureLevel Fts5StructureLevel;
 typedef struct Fts5StructureSegment Fts5StructureSegment;
+typedef struct Fts5TokenDataIter Fts5TokenDataIter;
+typedef struct Fts5TokenDataMap Fts5TokenDataMap;
+typedef struct Fts5TombstoneArray Fts5TombstoneArray;
 
 struct Fts5Data {
   u8 *p;                          /* Pointer to buffer containing record */
@@ -234989,6 +240889,7 @@ struct Fts5Index {
 
   /* Error state. */
   int rc;                         /* Current error code */
+  int flushRc;
 
   /* State used by the fts5DataXXX() functions. */
   sqlite3_blob *pReader;          /* RO incr-blob open on %_data table */
@@ -234997,6 +240898,7 @@ struct Fts5Index {
   sqlite3_stmt *pIdxWriter;       /* "INSERT ... %_idx VALUES(?,?,?,?)" */
   sqlite3_stmt *pIdxDeleter;      /* "DELETE FROM %_idx WHERE segid=?" */
   sqlite3_stmt *pIdxSelect;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pIdxNextSelect;
   int nRead;                      /* Total number of blocks read */
 
   sqlite3_stmt *pDeleteFromIdx;
@@ -235150,8 +241052,7 @@ struct Fts5SegIter {
   Fts5Data *pLeaf;                /* Current leaf data */
   Fts5Data *pNextLeaf;            /* Leaf page (iLeafPgno+1) */
   i64 iLeafOffset;                /* Byte offset within current leaf */
-  Fts5Data **apTombstone;         /* Array of tombstone pages */
-  int nTombstone;
+  Fts5TombstoneArray *pTombArray; /* Array of tombstone pages */
 
   /* Next method */
   void (*xNext)(Fts5Index*, Fts5SegIter*, int*);
@@ -235179,6 +241080,15 @@ struct Fts5SegIter {
 };
 
 /*
+** Array of tombstone pages. Reference counted.
+*/
+struct Fts5TombstoneArray {
+  int nRef;                       /* Number of pointers to this object */
+  int nTombstone;
+  Fts5Data *apTombstone[1];       /* Array of tombstone pages */
+};
+
+/*
 ** Argument is a pointer to an Fts5Data structure that contains a
 ** leaf page.
 */
@@ -235222,9 +241132,16 @@ struct Fts5SegIter {
 ** poslist:
 **   Used by sqlite3Fts5IterPoslist() when the poslist needs to be buffered.
 **   There is no way to tell if this is populated or not.
+**
+** pColset:
+**   If not NULL, points to an object containing a set of column indices.
+**   Only matches that occur in one of these columns will be returned.
+**   The Fts5Iter does not own the Fts5Colset object, and so it is not
+**   freed when the iterator is closed - it is owned by the upper layer.
 */
 struct Fts5Iter {
   Fts5IndexIter base;             /* Base class containing output vars */
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pTokenDataIter;
 
   Fts5Index *pIndex;              /* Index that owns this iterator */
   Fts5Buffer poslist;             /* Buffer containing current poslist */
@@ -235242,7 +241159,6 @@ struct Fts5Iter {
   Fts5SegIter aSeg[1];            /* Array of segment iterators */
 };
 
-
 /*
 ** An instance of the following type is used to iterate through the contents
 ** of a doclist-index record.
@@ -236160,9 +242076,9 @@ static int fts5DlidxLvlNext(Fts5DlidxLvl *pLvl){
     }
 
     if( iOff<pData->nn ){
-      i64 iVal;
+      u64 iVal;
       pLvl->iLeafPgno += (iOff - pLvl->iOff) + 1;
-      iOff += fts5GetVarint(&pData->p[iOff], (u64*)&iVal);
+      iOff += fts5GetVarint(&pData->p[iOff], &iVal);
       pLvl->iRowid += iVal;
       pLvl->iOff = iOff;
     }else{
@@ -236541,18 +242457,20 @@ static void fts5SegIterSetNext(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
 }
 
 /*
-** Allocate a tombstone hash page array (pIter->apTombstone) for the
-** iterator passed as the second argument. If an OOM error occurs, leave
-** an error in the Fts5Index object.
+** Allocate a tombstone hash page array object (pIter->pTombArray) for
+** the iterator passed as the second argument. If an OOM error occurs,
+** leave an error in the Fts5Index object.
 */
 static void fts5SegIterAllocTombstone(Fts5Index *p, Fts5SegIter *pIter){
   const int nTomb = pIter->pSeg->nPgTombstone;
   if( nTomb>0 ){
-    Fts5Data **apTomb = 0;
-    apTomb = (Fts5Data**)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&p->rc, sizeof(Fts5Data)*nTomb);
-    if( apTomb ){
-      pIter->apTombstone = apTomb;
-      pIter->nTombstone = nTomb;
+    int nByte = nTomb * sizeof(Fts5Data*) + sizeof(Fts5TombstoneArray);
+    Fts5TombstoneArray *pNew;
+    pNew = (Fts5TombstoneArray*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(&p->rc, nByte);
+    if( pNew ){
+      pNew->nTombstone = nTomb;
+      pNew->nRef = 1;
+      pIter->pTombArray = pNew;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -236809,15 +242727,16 @@ static void fts5SegIterNext_None(
     }else{
       const u8 *pList = 0;
       const char *zTerm = 0;
+      int nTerm = 0;
       int nList;
       sqlite3Fts5HashScanNext(p->pHash);
-      sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(p->pHash, &zTerm, &pList, &nList);
+      sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(p->pHash, &zTerm, &nTerm, &pList, &nList);
       if( pList==0 ) goto next_none_eof;
       pIter->pLeaf->p = (u8*)pList;
       pIter->pLeaf->nn = nList;
       pIter->pLeaf->szLeaf = nList;
       pIter->iEndofDoclist = nList;
-      sqlite3Fts5BufferSet(&p->rc,&pIter->term, (int)strlen(zTerm), (u8*)zTerm);
+      sqlite3Fts5BufferSet(&p->rc,&pIter->term, nTerm, (u8*)zTerm);
       pIter->iLeafOffset = fts5GetVarint(pList, (u64*)&pIter->iRowid);
     }
 
@@ -236883,11 +242802,12 @@ static void fts5SegIterNext(
   }else if( pIter->pSeg==0 ){
     const u8 *pList = 0;
     const char *zTerm = 0;
+    int nTerm = 0;
     int nList = 0;
     assert( (pIter->flags & FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM) || pbNewTerm );
     if( 0==(pIter->flags & FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM) ){
       sqlite3Fts5HashScanNext(p->pHash);
-      sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(p->pHash, &zTerm, &pList, &nList);
+      sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(p->pHash, &zTerm, &nTerm, &pList, &nList);
     }
     if( pList==0 ){
       fts5DataRelease(pIter->pLeaf);
@@ -236897,8 +242817,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterNext(
       pIter->pLeaf->nn = nList;
       pIter->pLeaf->szLeaf = nList;
       pIter->iEndofDoclist = nList+1;
-      sqlite3Fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, &pIter->term, (int)strlen(zTerm),
-          (u8*)zTerm);
+      sqlite3Fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, &pIter->term, nTerm, (u8*)zTerm);
       pIter->iLeafOffset = fts5GetVarint(pList, (u64*)&pIter->iRowid);
       *pbNewTerm = 1;
     }
@@ -237284,7 +243203,7 @@ static void fts5SegIterSeekInit(
     fts5LeafSeek(p, bGe, pIter, pTerm, nTerm);
   }
 
-  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && bGe==0 ){
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && (bGe==0 || (flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCANONETERM)) ){
     pIter->flags |= FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM;
     if( pIter->pLeaf ){
       if( flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_DESC ){
@@ -237300,7 +243219,9 @@ static void fts5SegIterSeekInit(
   }
 
   fts5SegIterSetNext(p, pIter);
-  fts5SegIterAllocTombstone(p, pIter);
+  if( 0==(flags & FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCANONETERM) ){
+    fts5SegIterAllocTombstone(p, pIter);
+  }
 
   /* Either:
   **
@@ -237317,6 +243238,79 @@ static void fts5SegIterSeekInit(
   );
 }
 
+
+/*
+** SQL used by fts5SegIterNextInit() to find the page to open.
+*/
+static sqlite3_stmt *fts5IdxNextStmt(Fts5Index *p){
+  if( p->pIdxNextSelect==0 ){
+    Fts5Config *pConfig = p->pConfig;
+    fts5IndexPrepareStmt(p, &p->pIdxNextSelect, sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "SELECT pgno FROM '%q'.'%q_idx' WHERE "
+          "segid=? AND term>? ORDER BY term ASC LIMIT 1",
+          pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
+    ));
+
+  }
+  return p->pIdxNextSelect;
+}
+
+/*
+** This is similar to fts5SegIterSeekInit(), except that it initializes
+** the segment iterator to point to the first term following the page
+** with pToken/nToken on it.
+*/
+static void fts5SegIterNextInit(
+  Fts5Index *p,
+  const char *pTerm, int nTerm,
+  Fts5StructureSegment *pSeg,     /* Description of segment */
+  Fts5SegIter *pIter              /* Object to populate */
+){
+  int iPg = -1;                   /* Page of segment to open */
+  int bDlidx = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSel = 0;         /* SELECT to find iPg */
+
+  pSel = fts5IdxNextStmt(p);
+  if( pSel ){
+    assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
+    sqlite3_bind_int(pSel, 1, pSeg->iSegid);
+    sqlite3_bind_blob(pSel, 2, pTerm, nTerm, SQLITE_STATIC);
+
+    if( sqlite3_step(pSel)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      i64 val = sqlite3_column_int64(pSel, 0);
+      iPg = (int)(val>>1);
+      bDlidx = (val & 0x0001);
+    }
+    p->rc = sqlite3_reset(pSel);
+    sqlite3_bind_null(pSel, 2);
+    if( p->rc ) return;
+  }
+
+  memset(pIter, 0, sizeof(*pIter));
+  pIter->pSeg = pSeg;
+  pIter->flags |= FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM;
+  if( iPg>=0 ){
+    pIter->iLeafPgno = iPg - 1;
+    fts5SegIterNextPage(p, pIter);
+    fts5SegIterSetNext(p, pIter);
+  }
+  if( pIter->pLeaf ){
+    const u8 *a = pIter->pLeaf->p;
+    int iTermOff = 0;
+
+    pIter->iPgidxOff = pIter->pLeaf->szLeaf;
+    pIter->iPgidxOff += fts5GetVarint32(&a[pIter->iPgidxOff], iTermOff);
+    pIter->iLeafOffset = iTermOff;
+    fts5SegIterLoadTerm(p, pIter, 0);
+    fts5SegIterLoadNPos(p, pIter);
+    if( bDlidx ) fts5SegIterLoadDlidx(p, pIter);
+
+    assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ||
+        fts5BufferCompareBlob(&pIter->term, (const u8*)pTerm, nTerm)>0
+    );
+  }
+}
+
 /*
 ** Initialize the object pIter to point to term pTerm/nTerm within the
 ** in-memory hash table. If there is no such term in the hash-table, the
@@ -237343,14 +243337,21 @@ static void fts5SegIterHashInit(
     const u8 *pList = 0;
 
     p->rc = sqlite3Fts5HashScanInit(p->pHash, (const char*)pTerm, nTerm);
-    sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(p->pHash, (const char**)&z, &pList, &nList);
-    n = (z ? (int)strlen((const char*)z) : 0);
+    sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(p->pHash, (const char**)&z, &n, &pList, &nList);
     if( pList ){
       pLeaf = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Data));
       if( pLeaf ){
         pLeaf->p = (u8*)pList;
       }
     }
+
+    /* The call to sqlite3Fts5HashScanInit() causes the hash table to
+    ** fill the size field of all existing position lists. This means they
+    ** can no longer be appended to. Since the only scenario in which they
+    ** can be appended to is if the previous operation on this table was
+    ** a DELETE, by clearing the Fts5Index.bDelete flag we can avoid this
+    ** possibility altogether.  */
+    p->bDelete = 0;
   }else{
     p->rc = sqlite3Fts5HashQuery(p->pHash, sizeof(Fts5Data),
         (const char*)pTerm, nTerm, (void**)&pLeaf, &nList
@@ -237396,13 +243397,30 @@ static void fts5IndexFreeArray(Fts5Data **ap, int n){
 }
 
 /*
+** Decrement the ref-count of the object passed as the only argument. If it
+** reaches 0, free it and its contents.
+*/
+static void fts5TombstoneArrayDelete(Fts5TombstoneArray *p){
+  if( p ){
+    p->nRef--;
+    if( p->nRef<=0 ){
+      int ii;
+      for(ii=0; ii<p->nTombstone; ii++){
+        fts5DataRelease(p->apTombstone[ii]);
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(p);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
 ** Zero the iterator passed as the only argument.
 */
 static void fts5SegIterClear(Fts5SegIter *pIter){
   fts5BufferFree(&pIter->term);
   fts5DataRelease(pIter->pLeaf);
   fts5DataRelease(pIter->pNextLeaf);
-  fts5IndexFreeArray(pIter->apTombstone, pIter->nTombstone);
+  fts5TombstoneArrayDelete(pIter->pTombArray);
   fts5DlidxIterFree(pIter->pDlidx);
   sqlite3_free(pIter->aRowidOffset);
   memset(pIter, 0, sizeof(Fts5SegIter));
@@ -237536,7 +243554,6 @@ static int fts5MultiIterDoCompare(Fts5Iter *pIter, int iOut){
       assert_nc( i2!=0 );
       pRes->bTermEq = 1;
       if( p1->iRowid==p2->iRowid ){
-        p1->bDel = p2->bDel;
         return i2;
       }
       res = ((p1->iRowid > p2->iRowid)==pIter->bRev) ? -1 : +1;
@@ -237648,7 +243665,6 @@ static void fts5SegIterNextFrom(
   }while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
 }
 
-
 /*
 ** Free the iterator object passed as the second argument.
 */
@@ -237793,24 +243809,25 @@ static int fts5IndexTombstoneQuery(
 static int fts5MultiIterIsDeleted(Fts5Iter *pIter){
   int iFirst = pIter->aFirst[1].iFirst;
   Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &pIter->aSeg[iFirst];
+  Fts5TombstoneArray *pArray = pSeg->pTombArray;
 
-  if( pSeg->pLeaf && pSeg->nTombstone ){
+  if( pSeg->pLeaf && pArray ){
     /* Figure out which page the rowid might be present on. */
-    int iPg = ((u64)pSeg->iRowid) % pSeg->nTombstone;
+    int iPg = ((u64)pSeg->iRowid) % pArray->nTombstone;
     assert( iPg>=0 );
 
     /* If tombstone hash page iPg has not yet been loaded from the
     ** database, load it now. */
-    if( pSeg->apTombstone[iPg]==0 ){
-      pSeg->apTombstone[iPg] = fts5DataRead(pIter->pIndex,
+    if( pArray->apTombstone[iPg]==0 ){
+      pArray->apTombstone[iPg] = fts5DataRead(pIter->pIndex,
           FTS5_TOMBSTONE_ROWID(pSeg->pSeg->iSegid, iPg)
       );
-      if( pSeg->apTombstone[iPg]==0 ) return 0;
+      if( pArray->apTombstone[iPg]==0 ) return 0;
     }
 
     return fts5IndexTombstoneQuery(
-        pSeg->apTombstone[iPg],
-        pSeg->nTombstone,
+        pArray->apTombstone[iPg],
+        pArray->nTombstone,
         pSeg->iRowid
     );
   }
@@ -237904,7 +243921,7 @@ static Fts5Iter *fts5MultiIterAlloc(
   int nSeg
 ){
   Fts5Iter *pNew;
-  int nSlot;                      /* Power of two >= nSeg */
+  i64 nSlot;                      /* Power of two >= nSeg */
 
   for(nSlot=2; nSlot<nSeg; nSlot=nSlot*2);
   pNew = fts5IdxMalloc(p,
@@ -238349,6 +244366,32 @@ static void fts5IterSetOutputCb(int *pRc, Fts5Iter *pIter){
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** All the component segment-iterators of pIter have been set up. This
+** functions finishes setup for iterator pIter itself.
+*/
+static void fts5MultiIterFinishSetup(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Iter *pIter){
+  int iIter;
+  for(iIter=pIter->nSeg-1; iIter>0; iIter--){
+    int iEq;
+    if( (iEq = fts5MultiIterDoCompare(pIter, iIter)) ){
+      Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &pIter->aSeg[iEq];
+      if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ) pSeg->xNext(p, pSeg, 0);
+      fts5MultiIterAdvanced(p, pIter, iEq, iIter);
+    }
+  }
+  fts5MultiIterSetEof(pIter);
+  fts5AssertMultiIterSetup(p, pIter);
+
+  if( (pIter->bSkipEmpty && fts5MultiIterIsEmpty(p, pIter))
+   || fts5MultiIterIsDeleted(pIter)
+  ){
+    fts5MultiIterNext(p, pIter, 0, 0);
+  }else if( pIter->base.bEof==0 ){
+    Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &pIter->aSeg[pIter->aFirst[1].iFirst];
+    pIter->xSetOutputs(pIter, pSeg);
+  }
+}
 
 /*
 ** Allocate a new Fts5Iter object.
@@ -238430,31 +244473,12 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNew(
     assert( iIter==nSeg );
   }
 
-  /* If the above was successful, each component iterators now points
+  /* If the above was successful, each component iterator now points
   ** to the first entry in its segment. In this case initialize the
   ** aFirst[] array. Or, if an error has occurred, free the iterator
   ** object and set the output variable to NULL.  */
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    for(iIter=pNew->nSeg-1; iIter>0; iIter--){
-      int iEq;
-      if( (iEq = fts5MultiIterDoCompare(pNew, iIter)) ){
-        Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &pNew->aSeg[iEq];
-        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ) pSeg->xNext(p, pSeg, 0);
-        fts5MultiIterAdvanced(p, pNew, iEq, iIter);
-      }
-    }
-    fts5MultiIterSetEof(pNew);
-    fts5AssertMultiIterSetup(p, pNew);
-
-    if( (pNew->bSkipEmpty && fts5MultiIterIsEmpty(p, pNew))
-     || fts5MultiIterIsDeleted(pNew)
-    ){
-      fts5MultiIterNext(p, pNew, 0, 0);
-    }else if( pNew->base.bEof==0 ){
-      Fts5SegIter *pSeg = &pNew->aSeg[pNew->aFirst[1].iFirst];
-      pNew->xSetOutputs(pNew, pSeg);
-    }
-
+    fts5MultiIterFinishSetup(p, pNew);
   }else{
     fts5MultiIterFree(pNew);
     *ppOut = 0;
@@ -238479,7 +244503,6 @@ static void fts5MultiIterNew2(
   pNew = fts5MultiIterAlloc(p, 2);
   if( pNew ){
     Fts5SegIter *pIter = &pNew->aSeg[1];
-
     pIter->flags = FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM;
     if( pData->szLeaf>0 ){
       pIter->pLeaf = pData;
@@ -238627,6 +244650,7 @@ static void fts5IndexDiscardData(Fts5Index *p){
     sqlite3Fts5HashClear(p->pHash);
     p->nPendingData = 0;
     p->nPendingRow = 0;
+    p->flushRc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
   p->nContentlessDelete = 0;
 }
@@ -238842,7 +244866,7 @@ static void fts5WriteDlidxAppend(
     }
 
     if( pDlidx->bPrevValid ){
-      iVal = iRowid - pDlidx->iPrev;
+      iVal = (u64)iRowid - (u64)pDlidx->iPrev;
     }else{
       i64 iPgno = (i==0 ? pWriter->writer.pgno : pDlidx[-1].pgno);
       assert( pDlidx->buf.n==0 );
@@ -239029,7 +245053,7 @@ static void fts5WriteAppendPoslistData(
   const u8 *a = aData;
   int n = nData;
 
-  assert( p->pConfig->pgsz>0 );
+  assert( p->pConfig->pgsz>0 || p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK
      && (pPage->buf.n + pPage->pgidx.n + n)>=p->pConfig->pgsz
   ){
@@ -239680,7 +245704,6 @@ static void fts5DoSecureDelete(
   int iPgIdx = pSeg->pLeaf->szLeaf;
 
   u64 iDelta = 0;
-  u64 iNextDelta = 0;
   int iNextOff = 0;
   int iOff = 0;
   int nIdx = 0;
@@ -239688,8 +245711,6 @@ static void fts5DoSecureDelete(
   int bLastInDoclist = 0;
   int iIdx = 0;
   int iStart = 0;
-  int iKeyOff = 0;
-  int iPrevKeyOff = 0;
   int iDelKeyOff = 0;       /* Offset of deleted key, if any */
 
   nIdx = nPg-iPgIdx;
@@ -239714,10 +245735,21 @@ static void fts5DoSecureDelete(
   ** This block sets the following variables:
   **
   **   iStart:
+  **     The offset of the first byte of the rowid or delta-rowid
+  **     value for the doclist entry being removed.
+  **
   **   iDelta:
+  **     The value of the rowid or delta-rowid value for the doclist
+  **     entry being removed.
+  **
+  **   iNextOff:
+  **     The offset of the next entry following the position list
+  **     for the one being removed. If the position list for this
+  **     entry overflows onto the next leaf page, this value will be
+  **     greater than pLeaf->szLeaf.
   */
   {
-    int iSOP;
+    int iSOP;                     /* Start-Of-Position-list */
     if( pSeg->iLeafPgno==pSeg->iTermLeafPgno ){
       iStart = pSeg->iTermLeafOffset;
     }else{
@@ -239753,47 +245785,81 @@ static void fts5DoSecureDelete(
   }
 
   iOff = iStart;
+
+  /* If the position-list for the entry being removed flows over past
+  ** the end of this page, delete the portion of the position-list on the
+  ** next page and beyond.
+  **
+  ** Set variable bLastInDoclist to true if this entry happens
+  ** to be the last rowid in the doclist for its term.  */
   if( iNextOff>=iPgIdx ){
     int pgno = pSeg->iLeafPgno+1;
     fts5SecureDeleteOverflow(p, pSeg->pSeg, pgno, &bLastInDoclist);
     iNextOff = iPgIdx;
-  }else{
-    /* Set bLastInDoclist to true if the entry being removed is the last
-    ** in its doclist.  */
-    for(iIdx=0, iKeyOff=0; iIdx<nIdx; /* no-op */){
-      u32 iVal = 0;
-      iIdx += fts5GetVarint32(&aIdx[iIdx], iVal);
-      iKeyOff += iVal;
-      if( iKeyOff==iNextOff ){
-        bLastInDoclist = 1;
+  }
+
+  if( pSeg->bDel==0 ){
+    if( iNextOff!=iPgIdx ){
+      /* Loop through the page-footer. If iNextOff (offset of the
+      ** entry following the one we are removing) is equal to the
+      ** offset of a key on this page, then the entry is the last
+      ** in its doclist. */
+      int iKeyOff = 0;
+      for(iIdx=0; iIdx<nIdx; /* no-op */){
+        u32 iVal = 0;
+        iIdx += fts5GetVarint32(&aIdx[iIdx], iVal);
+        iKeyOff += iVal;
+        if( iKeyOff==iNextOff ){
+          bLastInDoclist = 1;
+        }
       }
     }
-  }
 
-  if( fts5GetU16(&aPg[0])==iStart && (bLastInDoclist||iNextOff==iPgIdx) ){
-    fts5PutU16(&aPg[0], 0);
+    /* If this is (a) the first rowid on a page and (b) is not followed by
+    ** another position list on the same page, set the "first-rowid" field
+    ** of the header to 0.  */
+    if( fts5GetU16(&aPg[0])==iStart && (bLastInDoclist || iNextOff==iPgIdx) ){
+      fts5PutU16(&aPg[0], 0);
+    }
   }
 
-  if( bLastInDoclist==0 ){
+  if( pSeg->bDel ){
+    iOff += sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(&aPg[iOff], iDelta);
+    aPg[iOff++] = 0x01;
+  }else if( bLastInDoclist==0 ){
     if( iNextOff!=iPgIdx ){
+      u64 iNextDelta = 0;
       iNextOff += fts5GetVarint(&aPg[iNextOff], &iNextDelta);
       iOff += sqlite3Fts5PutVarint(&aPg[iOff], iDelta + iNextDelta);
     }
   }else if(
-      iStart==pSeg->iTermLeafOffset && pSeg->iLeafPgno==pSeg->iTermLeafPgno
+      pSeg->iLeafPgno==pSeg->iTermLeafPgno
+   && iStart==pSeg->iTermLeafOffset
   ){
     /* The entry being removed was the only position list in its
     ** doclist. Therefore the term needs to be removed as well. */
     int iKey = 0;
-    for(iIdx=0, iKeyOff=0; iIdx<nIdx; iKey++){
+    int iKeyOff = 0;
+
+    /* Set iKeyOff to the offset of the term that will be removed - the
+    ** last offset in the footer that is not greater than iStart. */
+    for(iIdx=0; iIdx<nIdx; iKey++){
       u32 iVal = 0;
       iIdx += fts5GetVarint32(&aIdx[iIdx], iVal);
       if( (iKeyOff+iVal)>(u32)iStart ) break;
       iKeyOff += iVal;
     }
+    assert_nc( iKey>=1 );
 
+    /* Set iDelKeyOff to the value of the footer entry to remove from
+    ** the page. */
     iDelKeyOff = iOff = iKeyOff;
+
     if( iNextOff!=iPgIdx ){
+      /* This is the only position-list associated with the term, and there
+      ** is another term following it on this page. So the subsequent term
+      ** needs to be moved to replace the term associated with the entry
+      ** being removed. */
       int nPrefix = 0;
       int nSuffix = 0;
       int nPrefix2 = 0;
@@ -239872,6 +245938,15 @@ static void fts5DoSecureDelete(
     }
   }
 
+  /* Assuming no error has occurred, this block does final edits to the
+  ** leaf page before writing it back to disk. Input variables are:
+  **
+  **   nPg: Total initial size of leaf page.
+  **   iPgIdx: Initial offset of page footer.
+  **
+  **   iOff: Offset to move data to
+  **   iNextOff: Offset to move data from
+  */
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     const int nMove = nPg - iNextOff;     /* Number of bytes to move */
     int nShift = iNextOff - iOff;         /* Distance to move them */
@@ -239914,10 +245989,10 @@ static void fts5FlushSecureDelete(
   Fts5Index *p,
   Fts5Structure *pStruct,
   const char *zTerm,
+  int nTerm,
   i64 iRowid
 ){
   const int f = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPHASH;
-  int nTerm = (int)strlen(zTerm);
   Fts5Iter *pIter = 0;            /* Used to find term instance */
 
   fts5MultiIterNew(p, pStruct, f, 0, (const u8*)zTerm, nTerm, -1, 0, &pIter);
@@ -239991,8 +246066,7 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
         int nDoclist;             /* Size of doclist in bytes */
 
         /* Get the term and doclist for this entry. */
-        sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(pHash, &zTerm, &pDoclist, &nDoclist);
-        nTerm = (int)strlen(zTerm);
+        sqlite3Fts5HashScanEntry(pHash, &zTerm, &nTerm, &pDoclist, &nDoclist);
         if( bSecureDelete==0 ){
           fts5WriteAppendTerm(p, &writer, nTerm, (const u8*)zTerm);
           if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
@@ -240022,7 +246096,7 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
             if( bSecureDelete ){
               if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
                 if( iOff<nDoclist && pDoclist[iOff]==0x00 ){
-                  fts5FlushSecureDelete(p, pStruct, zTerm, iRowid);
+                  fts5FlushSecureDelete(p, pStruct, zTerm, nTerm, iRowid);
                   iOff++;
                   if( iOff<nDoclist && pDoclist[iOff]==0x00 ){
                     iOff++;
@@ -240032,7 +246106,7 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
                   }
                 }
               }else if( (pDoclist[iOff] & 0x01) ){
-                fts5FlushSecureDelete(p, pStruct, zTerm, iRowid);
+                fts5FlushSecureDelete(p, pStruct, zTerm, nTerm, iRowid);
                 if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK || pDoclist[iOff]==0x01 ){
                   iOff++;
                   continue;
@@ -240072,10 +246146,16 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
                 fts5WriteFlushLeaf(p, &writer);
               }
             }else{
-              int bDummy;
-              int nPos;
-              int nCopy = fts5GetPoslistSize(&pDoclist[iOff], &nPos, &bDummy);
-              nCopy += nPos;
+              int bDel = 0;
+              int nPos = 0;
+              int nCopy = fts5GetPoslistSize(&pDoclist[iOff], &nPos, &bDel);
+              if( bDel && bSecureDelete ){
+                fts5BufferAppendVarint(&p->rc, pBuf, nPos*2);
+                iOff += nCopy;
+                nCopy = nPos;
+              }else{
+                nCopy += nPos;
+              }
               if( (pBuf->n + pPgidx->n + nCopy) <= pgsz ){
                 /* The entire poslist will fit on the current leaf. So copy
                 ** it in one go. */
@@ -240113,7 +246193,6 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
         assert( pBuf->n<=pBuf->nSpace );
         if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ) sqlite3Fts5HashScanNext(pHash);
       }
-      sqlite3Fts5HashClear(pHash);
       fts5WriteFinish(p, &writer, &pgnoLast);
 
       assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK || bSecureDelete || pgnoLast>0 );
@@ -240146,7 +246225,6 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
   fts5IndexCrisismerge(p, &pStruct);
   fts5StructureWrite(p, pStruct);
   fts5StructureRelease(pStruct);
-  p->nContentlessDelete = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -240154,11 +246232,21 @@ static void fts5FlushOneHash(Fts5Index *p){
 */
 static void fts5IndexFlush(Fts5Index *p){
   /* Unless it is empty, flush the hash table to disk */
+  if( p->flushRc ){
+    p->rc = p->flushRc;
+    return;
+  }
   if( p->nPendingData || p->nContentlessDelete ){
     assert( p->pHash );
     fts5FlushOneHash(p);
-    p->nPendingData = 0;
-    p->nPendingRow = 0;
+    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3Fts5HashClear(p->pHash);
+      p->nPendingData = 0;
+      p->nPendingRow = 0;
+      p->nContentlessDelete = 0;
+    }else if( p->nPendingData || p->nContentlessDelete ){
+      p->flushRc = p->rc;
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -240236,8 +246324,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexOptimize(Fts5Index *p){
 
   assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
   fts5IndexFlush(p);
-  assert( p->nContentlessDelete==0 );
+  assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK || p->nContentlessDelete==0 );
   pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
+  assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK || pStruct!=0 );
   fts5StructureInvalidate(p);
 
   if( pStruct ){
@@ -240643,7 +246732,7 @@ static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
   u8 *pToken,                     /* Buffer containing prefix to match */
   int nToken,                     /* Size of buffer pToken in bytes */
   Fts5Colset *pColset,            /* Restrict matches to these columns */
-  Fts5Iter **ppIter          /* OUT: New iterator */
+  Fts5Iter **ppIter               /* OUT: New iterator */
 ){
   Fts5Structure *pStruct;
   Fts5Buffer *aBuf;
@@ -240664,8 +246753,9 @@ static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
 
   aBuf = (Fts5Buffer*)fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Buffer)*nBuf);
   pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
+  assert( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK || (aBuf && pStruct) );
 
-  if( aBuf && pStruct ){
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     const int flags = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN
                     | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY
                     | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT;
@@ -240677,6 +246767,12 @@ static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
     int bNewTerm = 1;
 
     memset(&doclist, 0, sizeof(doclist));
+
+    /* If iIdx is non-zero, then it is the number of a prefix-index for
+    ** prefixes 1 character longer than the prefix being queried for. That
+    ** index contains all the doclists required, except for the one
+    ** corresponding to the prefix itself. That one is extracted from the
+    ** main term index here.  */
     if( iIdx!=0 ){
       int dummy = 0;
       const int f2 = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SKIPEMPTY|FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOOUTPUT;
@@ -240700,6 +246796,7 @@ static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
     pToken[0] = FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX + iIdx;
     fts5MultiIterNew(p, pStruct, flags, pColset, pToken, nToken, -1, 0, &p1);
     fts5IterSetOutputCb(&p->rc, p1);
+
     for( /* no-op */ ;
         fts5MultiIterEof(p, p1)==0;
         fts5MultiIterNext2(p, p1, &bNewTerm)
@@ -240715,7 +246812,6 @@ static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
       }
 
       if( p1->base.nData==0 ) continue;
-
       if( p1->base.iRowid<=iLastRowid && doclist.n>0 ){
         for(i=0; p->rc==SQLITE_OK && doclist.n; i++){
           int i1 = i*nMerge;
@@ -240754,7 +246850,7 @@ static void fts5SetupPrefixIter(
     }
     fts5MultiIterFree(p1);
 
-    pData = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(Fts5Data)+doclist.n+FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
+    pData = fts5IdxMalloc(p, sizeof(*pData)+doclist.n+FTS5_DATA_ZERO_PADDING);
     if( pData ){
       pData->p = (u8*)&pData[1];
       pData->nn = pData->szLeaf = doclist.n;
@@ -240897,6 +246993,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexClose(Fts5Index *p){
     sqlite3_finalize(p->pIdxWriter);
     sqlite3_finalize(p->pIdxDeleter);
     sqlite3_finalize(p->pIdxSelect);
+    sqlite3_finalize(p->pIdxNextSelect);
     sqlite3_finalize(p->pDataVersion);
     sqlite3_finalize(p->pDeleteFromIdx);
     sqlite3Fts5HashFree(p->pHash);
@@ -240993,6 +247090,457 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexWrite(
 }
 
 /*
+** pToken points to a buffer of size nToken bytes containing a search
+** term, including the index number at the start, used on a tokendata=1
+** table. This function returns true if the term in buffer pBuf matches
+** token pToken/nToken.
+*/
+static int fts5IsTokendataPrefix(
+  Fts5Buffer *pBuf,
+  const u8 *pToken,
+  int nToken
+){
+  return (
+      pBuf->n>=nToken
+   && 0==memcmp(pBuf->p, pToken, nToken)
+   && (pBuf->n==nToken || pBuf->p[nToken]==0x00)
+  );
+}
+
+/*
+** Ensure the segment-iterator passed as the only argument points to EOF.
+*/
+static void fts5SegIterSetEOF(Fts5SegIter *pSeg){
+  fts5DataRelease(pSeg->pLeaf);
+  pSeg->pLeaf = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Usually, a tokendata=1 iterator (struct Fts5TokenDataIter) accumulates an
+** array of these for each row it visits. Or, for an iterator used by an
+** "ORDER BY rank" query, it accumulates an array of these for the entire
+** query.
+**
+** Each instance in the array indicates the iterator (and therefore term)
+** associated with position iPos of rowid iRowid. This is used by the
+** xInstToken() API.
+*/
+struct Fts5TokenDataMap {
+  i64 iRowid;                     /* Row this token is located in */
+  i64 iPos;                       /* Position of token */
+  int iIter;                      /* Iterator token was read from */
+};
+
+/*
+** An object used to supplement Fts5Iter for tokendata=1 iterators.
+*/
+struct Fts5TokenDataIter {
+  int nIter;
+  int nIterAlloc;
+
+  int nMap;
+  int nMapAlloc;
+  Fts5TokenDataMap *aMap;
+
+  Fts5PoslistReader *aPoslistReader;
+  int *aPoslistToIter;
+  Fts5Iter *apIter[1];
+};
+
+/*
+** This function appends iterator pAppend to Fts5TokenDataIter pIn and
+** returns the result.
+*/
+static Fts5TokenDataIter *fts5AppendTokendataIter(
+  Fts5Index *p,                   /* Index object (for error code) */
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pIn,         /* Current Fts5TokenDataIter struct */
+  Fts5Iter *pAppend               /* Append this iterator */
+){
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pRet = pIn;
+
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pIn==0 || pIn->nIter==pIn->nIterAlloc ){
+      int nAlloc = pIn ? pIn->nIterAlloc*2 : 16;
+      int nByte = nAlloc * sizeof(Fts5Iter*) + sizeof(Fts5TokenDataIter);
+      Fts5TokenDataIter *pNew = (Fts5TokenDataIter*)sqlite3_realloc(pIn, nByte);
+
+      if( pNew==0 ){
+        p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        if( pIn==0 ) memset(pNew, 0, nByte);
+        pRet = pNew;
+        pNew->nIterAlloc = nAlloc;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if( p->rc ){
+    sqlite3Fts5IterClose((Fts5IndexIter*)pAppend);
+  }else{
+    pRet->apIter[pRet->nIter++] = pAppend;
+  }
+  assert( pRet==0 || pRet->nIter<=pRet->nIterAlloc );
+
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Delete an Fts5TokenDataIter structure and its contents.
+*/
+static void fts5TokendataIterDelete(Fts5TokenDataIter *pSet){
+  if( pSet ){
+    int ii;
+    for(ii=0; ii<pSet->nIter; ii++){
+      fts5MultiIterFree(pSet->apIter[ii]);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(pSet->aPoslistReader);
+    sqlite3_free(pSet->aMap);
+    sqlite3_free(pSet);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Append a mapping to the token-map belonging to object pT.
+*/
+static void fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(
+  Fts5Index *p,
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT,
+  int iIter,
+  i64 iRowid,
+  i64 iPos
+){
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pT->nMap==pT->nMapAlloc ){
+      int nNew = pT->nMapAlloc ? pT->nMapAlloc*2 : 64;
+      int nByte = nNew * sizeof(Fts5TokenDataMap);
+      Fts5TokenDataMap *aNew;
+
+      aNew = (Fts5TokenDataMap*)sqlite3_realloc(pT->aMap, nByte);
+      if( aNew==0 ){
+        p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      pT->aMap = aNew;
+      pT->nMapAlloc = nNew;
+    }
+
+    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iRowid = iRowid;
+    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iPos = iPos;
+    pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iIter = iIter;
+    pT->nMap++;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** The iterator passed as the only argument must be a tokendata=1 iterator
+** (pIter->pTokenDataIter!=0). This function sets the iterator output
+** variables (pIter->base.*) according to the contents of the current
+** row.
+*/
+static void fts5IterSetOutputsTokendata(Fts5Iter *pIter){
+  int ii;
+  int nHit = 0;
+  i64 iRowid = SMALLEST_INT64;
+  int iMin = 0;
+
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT = pIter->pTokenDataIter;
+
+  pIter->base.nData = 0;
+  pIter->base.pData = 0;
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<pT->nIter; ii++){
+    Fts5Iter *p = pT->apIter[ii];
+    if( p->base.bEof==0 ){
+      if( nHit==0 || p->base.iRowid<iRowid ){
+        iRowid = p->base.iRowid;
+        nHit = 1;
+        pIter->base.pData = p->base.pData;
+        pIter->base.nData = p->base.nData;
+        iMin = ii;
+      }else if( p->base.iRowid==iRowid ){
+        nHit++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( nHit==0 ){
+    pIter->base.bEof = 1;
+  }else{
+    int eDetail = pIter->pIndex->pConfig->eDetail;
+    pIter->base.bEof = 0;
+    pIter->base.iRowid = iRowid;
+
+    if( nHit==1 && eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+      fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(pIter->pIndex, pT, iMin, iRowid, -1);
+    }else
+    if( nHit>1 && eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ){
+      int nReader = 0;
+      int nByte = 0;
+      i64 iPrev = 0;
+
+      /* Allocate array of iterators if they are not already allocated. */
+      if( pT->aPoslistReader==0 ){
+        pT->aPoslistReader = (Fts5PoslistReader*)sqlite3Fts5MallocZero(
+            &pIter->pIndex->rc,
+            pT->nIter * (sizeof(Fts5PoslistReader) + sizeof(int))
+        );
+        if( pT->aPoslistReader==0 ) return;
+        pT->aPoslistToIter = (int*)&pT->aPoslistReader[pT->nIter];
+      }
+
+      /* Populate an iterator for each poslist that will be merged */
+      for(ii=0; ii<pT->nIter; ii++){
+        Fts5Iter *p = pT->apIter[ii];
+        if( iRowid==p->base.iRowid ){
+          pT->aPoslistToIter[nReader] = ii;
+          sqlite3Fts5PoslistReaderInit(
+              p->base.pData, p->base.nData, &pT->aPoslistReader[nReader++]
+          );
+          nByte += p->base.nData;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* Ensure the output buffer is large enough */
+      if( fts5BufferGrow(&pIter->pIndex->rc, &pIter->poslist, nByte+nHit*10) ){
+        return;
+      }
+
+      /* Ensure the token-mapping is large enough */
+      if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL && pT->nMapAlloc<(pT->nMap + nByte) ){
+        int nNew = (pT->nMapAlloc + nByte) * 2;
+        Fts5TokenDataMap *aNew = (Fts5TokenDataMap*)sqlite3_realloc(
+            pT->aMap, nNew*sizeof(Fts5TokenDataMap)
+        );
+        if( aNew==0 ){
+          pIter->pIndex->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+          return;
+        }
+        pT->aMap = aNew;
+        pT->nMapAlloc = nNew;
+      }
+
+      pIter->poslist.n = 0;
+
+      while( 1 ){
+        i64 iMinPos = LARGEST_INT64;
+
+        /* Find smallest position */
+        iMin = 0;
+        for(ii=0; ii<nReader; ii++){
+          Fts5PoslistReader *pReader = &pT->aPoslistReader[ii];
+          if( pReader->bEof==0 ){
+            if( pReader->iPos<iMinPos ){
+              iMinPos = pReader->iPos;
+              iMin = ii;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        /* If all readers were at EOF, break out of the loop. */
+        if( iMinPos==LARGEST_INT64 ) break;
+
+        sqlite3Fts5PoslistSafeAppend(&pIter->poslist, &iPrev, iMinPos);
+        sqlite3Fts5PoslistReaderNext(&pT->aPoslistReader[iMin]);
+
+        if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+          pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iPos = iMinPos;
+          pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iIter = pT->aPoslistToIter[iMin];
+          pT->aMap[pT->nMap].iRowid = iRowid;
+          pT->nMap++;
+        }
+      }
+
+      pIter->base.pData = pIter->poslist.p;
+      pIter->base.nData = pIter->poslist.n;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** The iterator passed as the only argument must be a tokendata=1 iterator
+** (pIter->pTokenDataIter!=0). This function advances the iterator. If
+** argument bFrom is false, then the iterator is advanced to the next
+** entry. Or, if bFrom is true, it is advanced to the first entry with
+** a rowid of iFrom or greater.
+*/
+static void fts5TokendataIterNext(Fts5Iter *pIter, int bFrom, i64 iFrom){
+  int ii;
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT = pIter->pTokenDataIter;
+  Fts5Index *pIndex = pIter->pIndex;
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<pT->nIter; ii++){
+    Fts5Iter *p = pT->apIter[ii];
+    if( p->base.bEof==0
+     && (p->base.iRowid==pIter->base.iRowid || (bFrom && p->base.iRowid<iFrom))
+    ){
+      fts5MultiIterNext(pIndex, p, bFrom, iFrom);
+      while( bFrom && p->base.bEof==0
+          && p->base.iRowid<iFrom
+          && pIndex->rc==SQLITE_OK
+      ){
+        fts5MultiIterNext(pIndex, p, 0, 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( pIndex->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    fts5IterSetOutputsTokendata(pIter);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** If the segment-iterator passed as the first argument is at EOF, then
+** set pIter->term to a copy of buffer pTerm.
+*/
+static void fts5TokendataSetTermIfEof(Fts5Iter *pIter, Fts5Buffer *pTerm){
+  if( pIter && pIter->aSeg[0].pLeaf==0 ){
+    fts5BufferSet(&pIter->pIndex->rc, &pIter->aSeg[0].term, pTerm->n, pTerm->p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** This function sets up an iterator to use for a non-prefix query on a
+** tokendata=1 table.
+*/
+static Fts5Iter *fts5SetupTokendataIter(
+  Fts5Index *p,                   /* FTS index to query */
+  const u8 *pToken,               /* Buffer containing query term */
+  int nToken,                     /* Size of buffer pToken in bytes */
+  Fts5Colset *pColset             /* Colset to filter on */
+){
+  Fts5Iter *pRet = 0;
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pSet = 0;
+  Fts5Structure *pStruct = 0;
+  const int flags = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCANONETERM | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN;
+
+  Fts5Buffer bSeek = {0, 0, 0};
+  Fts5Buffer *pSmall = 0;
+
+  fts5IndexFlush(p);
+  pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
+
+  while( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    Fts5Iter *pPrev = pSet ? pSet->apIter[pSet->nIter-1] : 0;
+    Fts5Iter *pNew = 0;
+    Fts5SegIter *pNewIter = 0;
+    Fts5SegIter *pPrevIter = 0;
+
+    int iLvl, iSeg, ii;
+
+    pNew = fts5MultiIterAlloc(p, pStruct->nSegment);
+    if( pSmall ){
+      fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, &bSeek, pSmall->n, pSmall->p);
+      fts5BufferAppendBlob(&p->rc, &bSeek, 1, (const u8*)"\0");
+    }else{
+      fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, &bSeek, nToken, pToken);
+    }
+    if( p->rc ){
+      sqlite3Fts5IterClose((Fts5IndexIter*)pNew);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    pNewIter = &pNew->aSeg[0];
+    pPrevIter = (pPrev ? &pPrev->aSeg[0] : 0);
+    for(iLvl=0; iLvl<pStruct->nLevel; iLvl++){
+      for(iSeg=pStruct->aLevel[iLvl].nSeg-1; iSeg>=0; iSeg--){
+        Fts5StructureSegment *pSeg = &pStruct->aLevel[iLvl].aSeg[iSeg];
+        int bDone = 0;
+
+        if( pPrevIter ){
+          if( fts5BufferCompare(pSmall, &pPrevIter->term) ){
+            memcpy(pNewIter, pPrevIter, sizeof(Fts5SegIter));
+            memset(pPrevIter, 0, sizeof(Fts5SegIter));
+            bDone = 1;
+          }else if( pPrevIter->iEndofDoclist>pPrevIter->pLeaf->szLeaf ){
+            fts5SegIterNextInit(p,(const char*)bSeek.p,bSeek.n-1,pSeg,pNewIter);
+            bDone = 1;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if( bDone==0 ){
+          fts5SegIterSeekInit(p, bSeek.p, bSeek.n, flags, pSeg, pNewIter);
+        }
+
+        if( pPrevIter ){
+          if( pPrevIter->pTombArray ){
+            pNewIter->pTombArray = pPrevIter->pTombArray;
+            pNewIter->pTombArray->nRef++;
+          }
+        }else{
+          fts5SegIterAllocTombstone(p, pNewIter);
+        }
+
+        pNewIter++;
+        if( pPrevIter ) pPrevIter++;
+        if( p->rc ) break;
+      }
+    }
+    fts5TokendataSetTermIfEof(pPrev, pSmall);
+
+    pNew->bSkipEmpty = 1;
+    pNew->pColset = pColset;
+    fts5IterSetOutputCb(&p->rc, pNew);
+
+    /* Loop through all segments in the new iterator. Find the smallest
+    ** term that any segment-iterator points to. Iterator pNew will be
+    ** used for this term. Also, set any iterator that points to a term that
+    ** does not match pToken/nToken to point to EOF */
+    pSmall = 0;
+    for(ii=0; ii<pNew->nSeg; ii++){
+      Fts5SegIter *pII = &pNew->aSeg[ii];
+      if( 0==fts5IsTokendataPrefix(&pII->term, pToken, nToken) ){
+        fts5SegIterSetEOF(pII);
+      }
+      if( pII->pLeaf && (!pSmall || fts5BufferCompare(pSmall, &pII->term)>0) ){
+        pSmall = &pII->term;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* If pSmall is still NULL at this point, then the new iterator does
+    ** not point to any terms that match the query. So delete it and break
+    ** out of the loop - all required iterators have been collected.  */
+    if( pSmall==0 ){
+      sqlite3Fts5IterClose((Fts5IndexIter*)pNew);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /* Append this iterator to the set and continue. */
+    pSet = fts5AppendTokendataIter(p, pSet, pNew);
+  }
+
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && pSet ){
+    int ii;
+    for(ii=0; ii<pSet->nIter; ii++){
+      Fts5Iter *pIter = pSet->apIter[ii];
+      int iSeg;
+      for(iSeg=0; iSeg<pIter->nSeg; iSeg++){
+        pIter->aSeg[iSeg].flags |= FTS5_SEGITER_ONETERM;
+      }
+      fts5MultiIterFinishSetup(p, pIter);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pRet = fts5MultiIterAlloc(p, 0);
+  }
+  if( pRet ){
+    pRet->pTokenDataIter = pSet;
+    if( pSet ){
+      fts5IterSetOutputsTokendata(pRet);
+    }else{
+      pRet->base.bEof = 1;
+    }
+  }else{
+    fts5TokendataIterDelete(pSet);
+  }
+
+  fts5StructureRelease(pStruct);
+  fts5BufferFree(&bSeek);
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Open a new iterator to iterate though all rowid that match the
 ** specified token or token prefix.
 */
@@ -241013,8 +247561,13 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
   if( sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &buf, nToken+1)==0 ){
     int iIdx = 0;                 /* Index to search */
     int iPrefixIdx = 0;           /* +1 prefix index */
+    int bTokendata = pConfig->bTokendata;
     if( nToken>0 ) memcpy(&buf.p[1], pToken, nToken);
 
+    if( flags & (FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOTOKENDATA|FTS5INDEX_QUERY_SCAN) ){
+      bTokendata = 0;
+    }
+
     /* Figure out which index to search and set iIdx accordingly. If this
     ** is a prefix query for which there is no prefix index, set iIdx to
     ** greater than pConfig->nPrefix to indicate that the query will be
@@ -241040,7 +247593,10 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
       }
     }
 
-    if( iIdx<=pConfig->nPrefix ){
+    if( bTokendata && iIdx==0 ){
+      buf.p[0] = '0';
+      pRet = fts5SetupTokendataIter(p, buf.p, nToken+1, pColset);
+    }else if( iIdx<=pConfig->nPrefix ){
       /* Straight index lookup */
       Fts5Structure *pStruct = fts5StructureRead(p);
       buf.p[0] = (u8)(FTS5_MAIN_PREFIX + iIdx);
@@ -241087,7 +247643,11 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
 static int sqlite3Fts5IterNext(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter){
   Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
   assert( pIter->pIndex->rc==SQLITE_OK );
-  fts5MultiIterNext(pIter->pIndex, pIter, 0, 0);
+  if( pIter->pTokenDataIter ){
+    fts5TokendataIterNext(pIter, 0, 0);
+  }else{
+    fts5MultiIterNext(pIter->pIndex, pIter, 0, 0);
+  }
   return fts5IndexReturn(pIter->pIndex);
 }
 
@@ -241120,7 +247680,11 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IterNextScan(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter){
 */
 static int sqlite3Fts5IterNextFrom(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter, i64 iMatch){
   Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
-  fts5MultiIterNextFrom(pIter->pIndex, pIter, iMatch);
+  if( pIter->pTokenDataIter ){
+    fts5TokendataIterNext(pIter, 1, iMatch);
+  }else{
+    fts5MultiIterNextFrom(pIter->pIndex, pIter, iMatch);
+  }
   return fts5IndexReturn(pIter->pIndex);
 }
 
@@ -241136,12 +247700,106 @@ static const char *sqlite3Fts5IterTerm(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter, int *pn){
 }
 
 /*
+** This is used by xInstToken() to access the token at offset iOff, column
+** iCol of row iRowid. The token is returned via output variables *ppOut
+** and *pnOut. The iterator passed as the first argument must be a tokendata=1
+** iterator (pIter->pTokenDataIter!=0).
+*/
+static int sqlite3Fts5IterToken(
+  Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter,
+  i64 iRowid,
+  int iCol,
+  int iOff,
+  const char **ppOut, int *pnOut
+){
+  Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT = pIter->pTokenDataIter;
+  Fts5TokenDataMap *aMap = pT->aMap;
+  i64 iPos = (((i64)iCol)<<32) + iOff;
+
+  int i1 = 0;
+  int i2 = pT->nMap;
+  int iTest = 0;
+
+  while( i2>i1 ){
+    iTest = (i1 + i2) / 2;
+
+    if( aMap[iTest].iRowid<iRowid ){
+      i1 = iTest+1;
+    }else if( aMap[iTest].iRowid>iRowid ){
+      i2 = iTest;
+    }else{
+      if( aMap[iTest].iPos<iPos ){
+        if( aMap[iTest].iPos<0 ){
+          break;
+        }
+        i1 = iTest+1;
+      }else if( aMap[iTest].iPos>iPos ){
+        i2 = iTest;
+      }else{
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( i2>i1 ){
+    Fts5Iter *pMap = pT->apIter[aMap[iTest].iIter];
+    *ppOut = (const char*)pMap->aSeg[0].term.p+1;
+    *pnOut = pMap->aSeg[0].term.n-1;
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Clear any existing entries from the token-map associated with the
+** iterator passed as the only argument.
+*/
+static void sqlite3Fts5IndexIterClearTokendata(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter){
+  Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
+  if( pIter && pIter->pTokenDataIter ){
+    pIter->pTokenDataIter->nMap = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Set a token-mapping for the iterator passed as the first argument. This
+** is used in detail=column or detail=none mode when a token is requested
+** using the xInstToken() API. In this case the caller tokenizers the
+** current row and configures the token-mapping via multiple calls to this
+** function.
+*/
+static int sqlite3Fts5IndexIterWriteTokendata(
+  Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter,
+  const char *pToken, int nToken,
+  i64 iRowid, int iCol, int iOff
+){
+  Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
+  Fts5TokenDataIter *pT = pIter->pTokenDataIter;
+  Fts5Index *p = pIter->pIndex;
+  int ii;
+
+  assert( p->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL );
+  assert( pIter->pTokenDataIter );
+
+  for(ii=0; ii<pT->nIter; ii++){
+    Fts5Buffer *pTerm = &pT->apIter[ii]->aSeg[0].term;
+    if( nToken==pTerm->n-1 && memcmp(pToken, pTerm->p+1, nToken)==0 ) break;
+  }
+  if( ii<pT->nIter ){
+    fts5TokendataIterAppendMap(p, pT, ii, iRowid, (((i64)iCol)<<32) + iOff);
+  }
+  return fts5IndexReturn(p);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Close an iterator opened by an earlier call to sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery().
 */
 static void sqlite3Fts5IterClose(Fts5IndexIter *pIndexIter){
   if( pIndexIter ){
     Fts5Iter *pIter = (Fts5Iter*)pIndexIter;
     Fts5Index *pIndex = pIter->pIndex;
+    fts5TokendataIterDelete(pIter->pTokenDataIter);
     fts5MultiIterFree(pIter);
     sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(pIndex);
   }
@@ -241649,7 +248307,9 @@ static int fts5QueryCksum(
   int eDetail = p->pConfig->eDetail;
   u64 cksum = *pCksum;
   Fts5IndexIter *pIter = 0;
-  int rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(p, z, n, flags, 0, &pIter);
+  int rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(
+      p, z, n, (flags | FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOTOKENDATA), 0, &pIter
+  );
 
   while( rc==SQLITE_OK && ALWAYS(pIter!=0) && 0==sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pIter) ){
     i64 rowid = pIter->iRowid;
@@ -241816,7 +248476,7 @@ static void fts5IndexIntegrityCheckEmpty(
 }
 
 static void fts5IntegrityCheckPgidx(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Data *pLeaf){
-  int iTermOff = 0;
+  i64 iTermOff = 0;
   int ii;
 
   Fts5Buffer buf1 = {0,0,0};
@@ -241825,7 +248485,7 @@ static void fts5IntegrityCheckPgidx(Fts5Index *p, Fts5Data *pLeaf){
   ii = pLeaf->szLeaf;
   while( ii<pLeaf->nn && p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     int res;
-    int iOff;
+    i64 iOff;
     int nIncr;
 
     ii += fts5GetVarint32(&pLeaf->p[ii], nIncr);
@@ -242348,6 +249008,24 @@ static void fts5DecodeRowidList(
 #endif /* SQLITE_TEST || SQLITE_FTS5_DEBUG */
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_FTS5_DEBUG)
+static void fts5BufferAppendTerm(int *pRc, Fts5Buffer *pBuf, Fts5Buffer *pTerm){
+  int ii;
+  fts5BufferGrow(pRc, pBuf, pTerm->n*2 + 1);
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    for(ii=0; ii<pTerm->n; ii++){
+      if( pTerm->p[ii]==0x00 ){
+        pBuf->p[pBuf->n++] = '\\';
+        pBuf->p[pBuf->n++] = '0';
+      }else{
+        pBuf->p[pBuf->n++] = pTerm->p[ii];
+      }
+    }
+    pBuf->p[pBuf->n] = 0x00;
+  }
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_TEST || SQLITE_FTS5_DEBUG */
+
+#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_FTS5_DEBUG)
 /*
 ** The implementation of user-defined scalar function fts5_decode().
 */
@@ -242454,9 +249132,8 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
       iOff += fts5GetVarint32(&a[iOff], nAppend);
       term.n = nKeep;
       fts5BufferAppendBlob(&rc, &term, nAppend, &a[iOff]);
-      sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(
-          &rc, &s, " term=%.*s", term.n, (const char*)term.p
-      );
+      sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(&rc, &s, " term=");
+      fts5BufferAppendTerm(&rc, &s, &term);
       iOff += nAppend;
 
       /* Figure out where the doclist for this term ends */
@@ -242564,9 +249241,8 @@ static void fts5DecodeFunction(
       fts5BufferAppendBlob(&rc, &term, nByte, &a[iOff]);
       iOff += nByte;
 
-      sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(
-          &rc, &s, " term=%.*s", term.n, (const char*)term.p
-      );
+      sqlite3Fts5BufferAppendPrintf(&rc, &s, " term=");
+      fts5BufferAppendTerm(&rc, &s, &term);
       iOff += fts5DecodeDoclist(&rc, &s, &a[iOff], iEnd-iOff);
     }
 
@@ -242900,7 +249576,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5IndexInit(sqlite3 *db){
       0,                           /* xSavepoint    */
       0,                           /* xRelease      */
       0,                           /* xRollbackTo   */
-      0                            /* xShadowName   */
+      0,                           /* xShadowName   */
+      0                            /* xIntegrity    */
     };
     rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "fts5_structure", &fts5structure_module, 0);
   }
@@ -243039,6 +249716,8 @@ struct Fts5FullTable {
   Fts5Storage *pStorage;          /* Document store */
   Fts5Global *pGlobal;            /* Global (connection wide) data */
   Fts5Cursor *pSortCsr;           /* Sort data from this cursor */
+  int iSavepoint;                 /* Successful xSavepoint()+1 */
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   struct Fts5TransactionState ts;
 #endif
@@ -243327,6 +250006,13 @@ static int fts5InitVtab(
     pConfig->pzErrmsg = 0;
   }
 
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL ){
+    rc = sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT, (int)1);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS);
+  }
+
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     fts5FreeVtab(pTab);
     pTab = 0;
@@ -243569,12 +250255,15 @@ static int fts5BestIndexMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info *pInfo){
   }
   idxStr[iIdxStr] = '\0';
 
-  /* Set idxFlags flags for the ORDER BY clause */
+  /* Set idxFlags flags for the ORDER BY clause
+  **
+  ** Note that tokendata=1 tables cannot currently handle "ORDER BY rowid DESC".
+  */
   if( pInfo->nOrderBy==1 ){
     int iSort = pInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn;
     if( iSort==(pConfig->nCol+1) && bSeenMatch ){
       idxFlags |= FTS5_BI_ORDER_RANK;
-    }else if( iSort==-1 ){
+    }else if( iSort==-1 && (!pInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc || !pConfig->bTokendata) ){
       idxFlags |= FTS5_BI_ORDER_ROWID;
     }
     if( BitFlagTest(idxFlags, FTS5_BI_ORDER_RANK|FTS5_BI_ORDER_ROWID) ){
@@ -243826,6 +250515,16 @@ static int fts5NextMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   );
   assert( !CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_EOF) );
 
+  /* If this cursor uses FTS5_PLAN_MATCH and this is a tokendata=1 table,
+  ** clear any token mappings accumulated at the fts5_index.c level. In
+  ** other cases, specifically FTS5_PLAN_SOURCE and FTS5_PLAN_SORTED_MATCH,
+  ** we need to retain the mappings for the entire query.  */
+  if( pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_MATCH
+   && ((Fts5Table*)pCursor->pVtab)->pConfig->bTokendata
+  ){
+    sqlite3Fts5ExprClearTokens(pCsr->pExpr);
+  }
+
   if( pCsr->ePlan<3 ){
     int bSkip = 0;
     if( (rc = fts5CursorReseek(pCsr, &bSkip)) || bSkip ) return rc;
@@ -244251,6 +250950,9 @@ static int fts5FilterMethod(
     pCsr->iFirstRowid = fts5GetRowidLimit(pRowidGe, SMALLEST_INT64);
   }
 
+  rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(pTab->p.pIndex);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto filter_out;
+
   if( pTab->pSortCsr ){
     /* If pSortCsr is non-NULL, then this call is being made as part of
     ** processing for a "... MATCH <expr> ORDER BY rank" query (ePlan is
@@ -244273,6 +250975,7 @@ static int fts5FilterMethod(
     pCsr->pExpr = pTab->pSortCsr->pExpr;
     rc = fts5CursorFirst(pTab, pCsr, bDesc);
   }else if( pCsr->pExpr ){
+    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
     rc = fts5CursorParseRank(pConfig, pCsr, pRank);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       if( bOrderByRank ){
@@ -244444,6 +251147,7 @@ static int fts5SpecialInsert(
   Fts5Config *pConfig = pTab->p.pConfig;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int bError = 0;
+  int bLoadConfig = 0;
 
   if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("delete-all", zCmd) ){
     if( pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NORMAL ){
@@ -244455,6 +251159,7 @@ static int fts5SpecialInsert(
     }else{
       rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDeleteAll(pTab->pStorage);
     }
+    bLoadConfig = 1;
   }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("rebuild", zCmd) ){
     if( pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NONE ){
       fts5SetVtabError(pTab,
@@ -244464,6 +251169,7 @@ static int fts5SpecialInsert(
     }else{
       rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageRebuild(pTab->pStorage);
     }
+    bLoadConfig = 1;
   }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("optimize", zCmd) ){
     rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageOptimize(pTab->pStorage);
   }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("merge", zCmd) ){
@@ -244476,8 +251182,13 @@ static int fts5SpecialInsert(
   }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("prefix-index", zCmd) ){
     pConfig->bPrefixIndex = sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
 #endif
+  }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("flush", zCmd) ){
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk(&pTab->p);
   }else{
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(pTab->p.pIndex);
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk(&pTab->p);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(pTab->p.pIndex);
+    }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = sqlite3Fts5ConfigSetValue(pTab->p.pConfig, zCmd, pVal, &bError);
     }
@@ -244489,6 +251200,12 @@ static int fts5SpecialInsert(
       }
     }
   }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bLoadConfig ){
+    pTab->p.pConfig->iCookie--;
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexLoadConfig(pTab->p.pIndex);
+  }
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -244607,7 +251324,7 @@ static int fts5UpdateMethod(
     assert( nArg!=1 || eType0==SQLITE_INTEGER );
 
     /* Filter out attempts to run UPDATE or DELETE on contentless tables.
-    ** This is not suported. Except - DELETE is supported if the CREATE
+    ** This is not suported. Except - they are both supported if the CREATE
     ** VIRTUAL TABLE statement contained "contentless_delete=1". */
     if( eType0==SQLITE_INTEGER
      && pConfig->eContent==FTS5_CONTENT_NONE
@@ -244636,7 +251353,8 @@ static int fts5UpdateMethod(
       }
 
       else if( eType0!=SQLITE_INTEGER ){
-        /* If this is a REPLACE, first remove the current entry (if any) */
+        /* An INSERT statement. If the conflict-mode is REPLACE, first remove
+        ** the current entry (if any). */
         if( eConflict==SQLITE_REPLACE && eType1==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
           i64 iNew = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[1]);  /* Rowid to delete */
           rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageDelete(pTab->pStorage, iNew, 0);
@@ -244795,7 +251513,10 @@ static int fts5ApiColumnText(
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
-  if( fts5IsContentless((Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab))
+  Fts5Table *pTab = (Fts5Table*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  if( iCol<0 || iCol>=pTab->pConfig->nCol ){
+    rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
+  }else if( fts5IsContentless((Fts5FullTable*)(pCsr->base.pVtab))
    || pCsr->ePlan==FTS5_PLAN_SPECIAL
   ){
     *pz = 0;
@@ -244820,8 +251541,9 @@ static int fts5CsrPoslist(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int bLive = (pCsr->pSorter==0);
 
-  if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_POSLIST) ){
-
+  if( iPhrase<0 || iPhrase>=sqlite3Fts5ExprPhraseCount(pCsr->pExpr) ){
+    rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
+  }else if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_POSLIST) ){
     if( pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
       Fts5PoslistPopulator *aPopulator;
       int i;
@@ -244845,15 +251567,21 @@ static int fts5CsrPoslist(
     CsrFlagClear(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_POSLIST);
   }
 
-  if( pCsr->pSorter && pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
-    Fts5Sorter *pSorter = pCsr->pSorter;
-    int i1 = (iPhrase==0 ? 0 : pSorter->aIdx[iPhrase-1]);
-    *pn = pSorter->aIdx[iPhrase] - i1;
-    *pa = &pSorter->aPoslist[i1];
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pCsr->pSorter && pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+      Fts5Sorter *pSorter = pCsr->pSorter;
+      int i1 = (iPhrase==0 ? 0 : pSorter->aIdx[iPhrase-1]);
+      *pn = pSorter->aIdx[iPhrase] - i1;
+      *pa = &pSorter->aPoslist[i1];
+    }else{
+      *pn = sqlite3Fts5ExprPoslist(pCsr->pExpr, iPhrase, pa);
+    }
   }else{
-    *pn = sqlite3Fts5ExprPoslist(pCsr->pExpr, iPhrase, pa);
+    *pa = 0;
+    *pn = 0;
   }
 
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -244960,12 +251688,6 @@ static int fts5ApiInst(
   ){
     if( iIdx<0 || iIdx>=pCsr->nInstCount ){
       rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
-#if 0
-    }else if( fts5IsOffsetless((Fts5Table*)pCsr->base.pVtab) ){
-      *piPhrase = pCsr->aInst[iIdx*3];
-      *piCol = pCsr->aInst[iIdx*3 + 2];
-      *piOff = -1;
-#endif
     }else{
       *piPhrase = pCsr->aInst[iIdx*3];
       *piCol = pCsr->aInst[iIdx*3 + 1];
@@ -245220,13 +251942,56 @@ static int fts5ApiPhraseFirstColumn(
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** xQueryToken() API implemenetation.
+*/
+static int fts5ApiQueryToken(
+  Fts5Context* pCtx,
+  int iPhrase,
+  int iToken,
+  const char **ppOut,
+  int *pnOut
+){
+  Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
+  return sqlite3Fts5ExprQueryToken(pCsr->pExpr, iPhrase, iToken, ppOut, pnOut);
+}
+
+/*
+** xInstToken() API implemenetation.
+*/
+static int fts5ApiInstToken(
+  Fts5Context *pCtx,
+  int iIdx,
+  int iToken,
+  const char **ppOut, int *pnOut
+){
+  Fts5Cursor *pCsr = (Fts5Cursor*)pCtx;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( CsrFlagTest(pCsr, FTS5CSR_REQUIRE_INST)==0
+   || SQLITE_OK==(rc = fts5CacheInstArray(pCsr))
+  ){
+    if( iIdx<0 || iIdx>=pCsr->nInstCount ){
+      rc = SQLITE_RANGE;
+    }else{
+      int iPhrase = pCsr->aInst[iIdx*3];
+      int iCol = pCsr->aInst[iIdx*3 + 1];
+      int iOff = pCsr->aInst[iIdx*3 + 2];
+      i64 iRowid = fts5CursorRowid(pCsr);
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5ExprInstToken(
+          pCsr->pExpr, iRowid, iPhrase, iCol, iOff, iToken, ppOut, pnOut
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
 
 static int fts5ApiQueryPhrase(Fts5Context*, int, void*,
     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*, Fts5Context*, void*)
 );
 
 static const Fts5ExtensionApi sFts5Api = {
-  2,                            /* iVersion */
+  3,                            /* iVersion */
   fts5ApiUserData,
   fts5ApiColumnCount,
   fts5ApiRowCount,
@@ -245246,6 +252011,8 @@ static const Fts5ExtensionApi sFts5Api = {
   fts5ApiPhraseNext,
   fts5ApiPhraseFirstColumn,
   fts5ApiPhraseNextColumn,
+  fts5ApiQueryToken,
+  fts5ApiInstToken
 };
 
 /*
@@ -245510,8 +252277,10 @@ static int fts5RenameMethod(
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* Virtual table handle */
   const char *zName               /* New name of table */
 ){
+  int rc;
   Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
-  return sqlite3Fts5StorageRename(pTab->pStorage, zName);
+  rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageRename(pTab->pStorage, zName);
+  return rc;
 }
 
 static int sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk(Fts5Table *pTab){
@@ -245525,9 +252294,15 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk(Fts5Table *pTab){
 ** Flush the contents of the pending-terms table to disk.
 */
 static int fts5SavepointMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
-  UNUSED_PARAM(iSavepoint);  /* Call below is a no-op for NDEBUG builds */
-  fts5CheckTransactionState((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab, FTS5_SAVEPOINT, iSavepoint);
-  return sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk((Fts5Table*)pVtab);
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  fts5CheckTransactionState(pTab, FTS5_SAVEPOINT, iSavepoint);
+  rc = sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk((Fts5Table*)pVtab);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pTab->iSavepoint = iSavepoint+1;
+  }
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -245536,9 +252311,16 @@ static int fts5SavepointMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
 ** This is a no-op.
 */
 static int fts5ReleaseMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
-  UNUSED_PARAM(iSavepoint);  /* Call below is a no-op for NDEBUG builds */
-  fts5CheckTransactionState((Fts5FullTable*)pVtab, FTS5_RELEASE, iSavepoint);
-  return sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk((Fts5Table*)pVtab);
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  fts5CheckTransactionState(pTab, FTS5_RELEASE, iSavepoint);
+  if( (iSavepoint+1)<pTab->iSavepoint ){
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5FlushToDisk(&pTab->p);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pTab->iSavepoint = iSavepoint;
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -245548,11 +252330,14 @@ static int fts5ReleaseMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
 */
 static int fts5RollbackToMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int iSavepoint){
   Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
-  UNUSED_PARAM(iSavepoint);  /* Call below is a no-op for NDEBUG builds */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   fts5CheckTransactionState(pTab, FTS5_ROLLBACKTO, iSavepoint);
   fts5TripCursors(pTab);
-  pTab->p.pConfig->pgsz = 0;
-  return sqlite3Fts5StorageRollback(pTab->pStorage);
+  if( (iSavepoint+1)<=pTab->iSavepoint ){
+    pTab->p.pConfig->pgsz = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageRollback(pTab->pStorage);
+  }
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -245754,7 +252539,7 @@ static void fts5SourceIdFunc(
 ){
   assert( nArg==0 );
   UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
-  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2023-09-11 12:01:27 2d3a40c05c49e1a49264912b1a05bc2143ac0e7c3df588276ce80a4cbc9bd1b0", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2024-05-23 13:25:27 96c92aba00c8375bc32fafcdf12429c58bd8aabfcadab6683e35bbb9cdebf19e", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -245772,9 +252557,41 @@ static int fts5ShadowName(const char *zName){
   return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+** Run an integrity check on the FTS5 data structures.  Return a string
+** if anything is found amiss.  Return a NULL pointer if everything is
+** OK.
+*/
+static int fts5IntegrityMethod(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,    /* the FTS5 virtual table to check */
+  const char *zSchema,    /* Name of schema in which this table lives */
+  const char *zTabname,   /* Name of the table itself */
+  int isQuick,            /* True if this is a quick-check */
+  char **pzErr            /* Write error message here */
+){
+  Fts5FullTable *pTab = (Fts5FullTable*)pVtab;
+  int rc;
+
+  assert( pzErr!=0 && *pzErr==0 );
+  UNUSED_PARAM(isQuick);
+  rc = sqlite3Fts5StorageIntegrity(pTab->pStorage, 0);
+  if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CORRUPT ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("malformed inverted index for FTS5 table %s.%s",
+                zSchema, zTabname);
+     rc = (*pzErr) ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("unable to validate the inverted index for"
+                             " FTS5 table %s.%s: %s",
+                zSchema, zTabname, sqlite3_errstr(rc));
+  }
+  sqlite3Fts5IndexCloseReader(pTab->p.pIndex);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
 static int fts5Init(sqlite3 *db){
   static const sqlite3_module fts5Mod = {
-    /* iVersion      */ 3,
+    /* iVersion      */ 4,
     /* xCreate       */ fts5CreateMethod,
     /* xConnect      */ fts5ConnectMethod,
     /* xBestIndex    */ fts5BestIndexMethod,
@@ -245797,7 +252614,8 @@ static int fts5Init(sqlite3 *db){
     /* xSavepoint    */ fts5SavepointMethod,
     /* xRelease      */ fts5ReleaseMethod,
     /* xRollbackTo   */ fts5RollbackToMethod,
-    /* xShadowName   */ fts5ShadowName
+    /* xShadowName   */ fts5ShadowName,
+    /* xIntegrity    */ fts5IntegrityMethod
   };
 
   int rc;
@@ -246563,7 +253381,7 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageRebuild(Fts5Storage *p){
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = fts5StorageGetStmt(p, FTS5_STMT_SCAN, &pScan, 0);
+    rc = fts5StorageGetStmt(p, FTS5_STMT_SCAN, &pScan, pConfig->pzErrmsg);
   }
 
   while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pScan) ){
@@ -247074,7 +253892,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5StorageSync(Fts5Storage *p){
   i64 iLastRowid = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(p->pConfig->db);
   if( p->bTotalsValid ){
     rc = fts5StorageSaveTotals(p);
-    p->bTotalsValid = 0;
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      p->bTotalsValid = 0;
+    }
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexSync(p->pIndex);
@@ -247348,6 +254168,12 @@ static const unsigned char sqlite3Utf8Trans1[] = {
 
 #endif /* ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
 
+#define FTS5_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                               \
+  if( ((unsigned char)(*(zIn++)))>=0xc0 ){                              \
+    while( (((unsigned char)*zIn) & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
+  }                                                    \
+}
+
 typedef struct Unicode61Tokenizer Unicode61Tokenizer;
 struct Unicode61Tokenizer {
   unsigned char aTokenChar[128];  /* ASCII range token characters */
@@ -248383,6 +255209,7 @@ static int fts5PorterTokenize(
 typedef struct TrigramTokenizer TrigramTokenizer;
 struct TrigramTokenizer {
   int bFold;                      /* True to fold to lower-case */
+  int iFoldParam;                 /* Parameter to pass to Fts5UnicodeFold() */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -248409,6 +255236,7 @@ static int fts5TriCreate(
   }else{
     int i;
     pNew->bFold = 1;
+    pNew->iFoldParam = 0;
     for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nArg; i+=2){
       const char *zArg = azArg[i+1];
       if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(azArg[i], "case_sensitive") ){
@@ -248417,10 +255245,21 @@ static int fts5TriCreate(
         }else{
           pNew->bFold = (zArg[0]=='0');
         }
+      }else if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(azArg[i], "remove_diacritics") ){
+        if( (zArg[0]!='0' && zArg[0]!='1' && zArg[0]!='2') || zArg[1] ){
+          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }else{
+          pNew->iFoldParam = (zArg[0]!='0') ? 2 : 0;
+        }
       }else{
         rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       }
     }
+
+    if( pNew->iFoldParam!=0 && pNew->bFold==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       fts5TriDelete((Fts5Tokenizer*)pNew);
       pNew = 0;
@@ -248443,40 +255282,62 @@ static int fts5TriTokenize(
   TrigramTokenizer *p = (TrigramTokenizer*)pTok;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   char aBuf[32];
+  char *zOut = aBuf;
+  int ii;
   const unsigned char *zIn = (const unsigned char*)pText;
   const unsigned char *zEof = &zIn[nText];
   u32 iCode;
+  int aStart[3];                  /* Input offset of each character in aBuf[] */
 
   UNUSED_PARAM(unusedFlags);
-  while( 1 ){
-    char *zOut = aBuf;
-    int iStart = zIn - (const unsigned char*)pText;
-    const unsigned char *zNext;
-
-    READ_UTF8(zIn, zEof, iCode);
-    if( iCode==0 ) break;
-    zNext = zIn;
-    if( zIn<zEof ){
-      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, 0);
-      WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
+
+  /* Populate aBuf[] with the characters for the first trigram. */
+  for(ii=0; ii<3; ii++){
+    do {
+      aStart[ii] = zIn - (const unsigned char*)pText;
       READ_UTF8(zIn, zEof, iCode);
-      if( iCode==0 ) break;
-    }else{
-      break;
-    }
-    if( zIn<zEof ){
-      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, 0);
-      WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
+      if( iCode==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, p->iFoldParam);
+    }while( iCode==0 );
+    WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
+  }
+
+  /* At the start of each iteration of this loop:
+  **
+  **  aBuf:      Contains 3 characters. The 3 characters of the next trigram.
+  **  zOut:      Points to the byte following the last character in aBuf.
+  **  aStart[3]: Contains the byte offset in the input text corresponding
+  **             to the start of each of the three characters in the buffer.
+  */
+  assert( zIn<=zEof );
+  while( 1 ){
+    int iNext;                    /* Start of character following current tri */
+    const char *z1;
+
+    /* Read characters from the input up until the first non-diacritic */
+    do {
+      iNext = zIn - (const unsigned char*)pText;
       READ_UTF8(zIn, zEof, iCode);
       if( iCode==0 ) break;
-      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, 0);
-      WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
-    }else{
-      break;
-    }
-    rc = xToken(pCtx, 0, aBuf, zOut-aBuf, iStart, iStart + zOut-aBuf);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
-    zIn = zNext;
+      if( p->bFold ) iCode = sqlite3Fts5UnicodeFold(iCode, p->iFoldParam);
+    }while( iCode==0 );
+
+    /* Pass the current trigram back to fts5 */
+    rc = xToken(pCtx, 0, aBuf, zOut-aBuf, aStart[0], iNext);
+    if( iCode==0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+
+    /* Remove the first character from buffer aBuf[]. Append the character
+    ** with codepoint iCode.  */
+    z1 = aBuf;
+    FTS5_SKIP_UTF8(z1);
+    memmove(aBuf, z1, zOut - z1);
+    zOut -= (z1 - aBuf);
+    WRITE_UTF8(zOut, iCode);
+
+    /* Update the aStart[] array */
+    aStart[0] = aStart[1];
+    aStart[1] = aStart[2];
+    aStart[2] = iNext;
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -248499,7 +255360,9 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5TokenizerPattern(
 ){
   if( xCreate==fts5TriCreate ){
     TrigramTokenizer *p = (TrigramTokenizer*)pTok;
-    return p->bFold ? FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE : FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB;
+    if( p->iFoldParam==0 ){
+      return p->bFold ? FTS5_PATTERN_LIKE : FTS5_PATTERN_GLOB;
+    }
   }
   return FTS5_PATTERN_NONE;
 }
@@ -250288,7 +257151,7 @@ static int fts5VocabFilterMethod(
   if( pEq ){
     zTerm = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(pEq);
     nTerm = sqlite3_value_bytes(pEq);
-    f = 0;
+    f = FTS5INDEX_QUERY_NOTOKENDATA;
   }else{
     if( pGe ){
       zTerm = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(pGe);
@@ -250442,7 +257305,8 @@ static int sqlite3Fts5VocabInit(Fts5Global *pGlobal, sqlite3 *db){
     /* xSavepoint    */ 0,
     /* xRelease      */ 0,
     /* xRollbackTo   */ 0,
-    /* xShadowName   */ 0
+    /* xShadowName   */ 0,
+    /* xIntegrity    */ 0
   };
   void *p = (void*)pGlobal;
 
@@ -250771,6 +257635,7 @@ static sqlite3_module stmtModule = {
   0,                         /* xRelease */
   0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
   0,                         /* xShadowName */
+  0                          /* xIntegrity */
 };
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3.h
index b9d0692988..57df8dcf20 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3.h
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3.h
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ extern "C" {
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.43.1"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3043001
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2023-09-11 12:01:27 2d3a40c05c49e1a49264912b1a05bc2143ac0e7c3df588276ce80a4cbc9bd1b0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.46.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3046000
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2024-05-23 13:25:27 96c92aba00c8375bc32fafcdf12429c58bd8aabfcadab6683e35bbb9cdebf19e"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -420,6 +420,8 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
+** <li> The application must not dereference the arrays or string pointers
+**       passed as the 3rd and 4th callback parameters after it returns.
 ** </ul>
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
@@ -762,11 +764,11 @@ struct sqlite3_file {
 ** </ul>
 ** xLock() upgrades the database file lock.  In other words, xLock() moves the
 ** database file lock in the direction NONE toward EXCLUSIVE. The argument to
-** xLock() is always on of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
+** xLock() is always one of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
 ** SQLITE_LOCK_NONE.  If the database file lock is already at or above the
 ** requested lock, then the call to xLock() is a no-op.
 ** xUnlock() downgrades the database file lock to either SHARED or NONE.
-*  If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
+** If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
 ** to xUnlock() is a no-op.
 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
@@ -2127,7 +2129,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
 ** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
 ** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
-** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
+** negative value for this option restores the default behavior.
 ** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
 **
@@ -2141,6 +2143,22 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
 ** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
 ** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW
+** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW option enables or disables the ability
+** for VIEWs to have a ROWID.  The capability can only be enabled if SQLite is
+** compiled with -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW, in which case the capability
+** defaults to on.  This configuration option queries the current setting or
+** changes the setting to off or on.  The argument is a pointer to an integer.
+** If that integer initially holds a value of 1, then the ability for VIEWs to
+** have ROWIDs is activated.  If the integer initially holds zero, then the
+** ability is deactivated.  Any other initial value for the integer leaves the
+** setting unchanged.  After changes, if any, the integer is written with
+** a 1 or 0, if the ability for VIEWs to have ROWIDs is on or off.  If SQLite
+** is compiled without -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW (which is the usual and
+** recommended case) then the integer is always filled with zero, regardless
+** if its initial value.
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD         1  /* nil */
@@ -2172,6 +2190,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW       30  /* int* */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -2302,7 +2321,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
 ** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
 ** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
-** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
+** override this behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation
 ** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
 ** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
@@ -3286,8 +3305,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
-** METHOD: sqlite3
+** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Tracing And Profiling Functions
+** DEPRECATED
 **
 ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
 ** instead of the routines described here.
@@ -3954,14 +3973,17 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(sqlite3_filename);
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
-** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
+** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively,
+** or NULL if no error message is available.
+** (See how SQLite handles [invalid UTF] for exceptions to this rule.)
 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
-** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
+** ^The sqlite3_errstr(E) interface returns the English-language text
+** that describes the [result code] E, as UTF-8, or NULL if E is not an
+** result code for which a text error message is available.
 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
 **
@@ -5325,6 +5347,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 
+
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
@@ -5571,13 +5594,27 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
-** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
+** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
 ** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
-** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
-** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
-** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
-** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
-** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
+** This flag instructs SQLite to omit some corner-case optimizations that
+** might disrupt the operation of the [sqlite3_value_subtype()] function,
+** causing it to return zero rather than the correct subtype().
+** SQL functions that invokes [sqlite3_value_subtype()] should have this
+** property.  If the SQLITE_SUBTYPE property is omitted, then the return
+** value from [sqlite3_value_subtype()] might sometimes be zero even though
+** a non-zero subtype was specified by the function argument expression.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
+** The SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
+** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] to cause a sub-type to be associated with its
+** result.
+** Every function that invokes [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should have this
+** property.  If it does not, then the call to [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
+** might become a no-op if the function is used as term in an
+** [expression index].  On the other hand, SQL functions that never invoke
+** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should avoid setting this property, as the
+** purpose of this property is to disable certain optimizations that are
+** incompatible with subtypes.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -5585,6 +5622,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
 #define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
 #define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
 #define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
+#define SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE   0x001000000
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
@@ -5781,6 +5819,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);
 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
+**
+** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invoke this interface
+** should include the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property in the text
+** encoding argument when the function is [sqlite3_create_function|registered].
+** If the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property is omitted, then sqlite3_value_subtype()
+** might return zero instead of the upstream subtype in some corner cases.
 */
 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
 
@@ -5879,48 +5923,56 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 **
 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
-** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
-** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
-** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
-** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
-** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
-** metadata associated with the pattern string.
+** associate auxiliary data with argument values. If the same argument
+** value is passed to multiple invocations of the same SQL function during
+** query execution, under some circumstances the associated auxiliary data
+** might be preserved.  An example of where this might be useful is in a
+** regular-expression matching function. The compiled version of the regular
+** expression can be stored as auxiliary data associated with the pattern string.
 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
 ** invocations of the same function.
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
+** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the auxiliary data
 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
 ** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
-** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
+** function argument.  ^If there is no auxiliary data
 ** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
 ** returns a NULL pointer.
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
-** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
+** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as auxiliary data for the
+** N-th argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
-** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the auxiliary data is still valid or
+** NULL if the auxiliary data has been discarded.
 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
-** once, when the metadata is discarded.
-** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
+** once, when the auxiliary data is discarded.
+** SQLite is free to discard the auxiliary data at any time, including: <ul>
 ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
 ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
 **      SQL statement)^, or
 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
 **       parameter)^, or
 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
-**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
+**      allocation error occurs.)^
+** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call if the function
+**      is evaluated during query planning instead of during query execution,
+**      as sometimes happens with [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4].)^ </ul>
 **
-** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
+** Note the last two bullets in particular.  The destructor X in
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
-**
-** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.  Furthermore, a call to
+** sqlite3_get_auxdata() that occurs immediately after a corresponding call
+** to sqlite3_set_auxdata() might still return NULL if an out-of-memory
+** condition occurred during the sqlite3_set_auxdata() call or if the
+** function is being evaluated during query planning rather than during
+** query execution.
+**
+** ^(In practice, auxiliary data is preserved between function calls for
 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
 **
@@ -5930,10 +5982,67 @@ SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 **
 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
 ** the SQL function is running.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_get_clientdata()] and [sqlite3_set_clientdata()].
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Client Data
+** METHOD: sqlite3
+**
+** These functions are used to associate one or more named pointers
+** with a [database connection].
+** A call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) causes the pointer P
+** to be attached to [database connection] D using name N.  Subsequent
+** calls to sqlite3_get_clientdata(D,N) will return a copy of pointer P
+** or a NULL pointer if there were no prior calls to
+** sqlite3_set_clientdata() with the same values of D and N.
+** Names are compared using strcmp() and are thus case sensitive.
+**
+** If P and X are both non-NULL, then the destructor X is invoked with
+** argument P on the first of the following occurrences:
+** <ul>
+** <li> An out-of-memory error occurs during the call to
+**      sqlite3_set_clientdata() which attempts to register pointer P.
+** <li> A subsequent call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) is made
+**      with the same D and N parameters.
+** <li> The database connection closes.  SQLite does not make any guarantees
+**      about the order in which destructors are called, only that all
+**      destructors will be called exactly once at some point during the
+**      database connection closing process.
+** </ul>
+**
+** SQLite does not do anything with client data other than invoke
+** destructors on the client data at the appropriate time.  The intended
+** use for client data is to provide a mechanism for wrapper libraries
+** to store additional information about an SQLite database connection.
+**
+** There is no limit (other than available memory) on the number of different
+** client data pointers (with different names) that can be attached to a
+** single database connection.  However, the implementation is optimized
+** for the case of having only one or two different client data names.
+** Applications and wrapper libraries are discouraged from using more than
+** one client data name each.
+**
+** There is no way to enumerate the client data pointers
+** associated with a database connection.  The N parameter can be thought
+** of as a secret key such that only code that knows the secret key is able
+** to access the associated data.
+**
+** Security Warning:  These interfaces should not be exposed in scripting
+** languages or in other circumstances where it might be possible for an
+** an attacker to invoke them.  Any agent that can invoke these interfaces
+** can probably also take control of the process.
+**
+** Database connection client data is only available for SQLite
+** version 3.44.0 ([dateof:3.44.0]) and later.
+**
+** See also: [sqlite3_set_auxdata()] and [sqlite3_get_auxdata()].
+*/
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_clientdata(sqlite3*,const char*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_clientdata(sqlite3*, const char*, void*, void(*)(void*));
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
@@ -6135,6 +6244,20 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 ** higher order bits are discarded.
 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
 ** in future releases of SQLite.
+**
+** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invokes this interface
+** should include the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE] property in its
+** text encoding argument when the SQL function is
+** [sqlite3_create_function|registered].  If the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]
+** property is omitted from the function that invokes sqlite3_result_subtype(),
+** then in some cases the sqlite3_result_subtype() might fail to set
+** the result subtype.
+**
+** If SQLite is compiled with -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1, then any
+** SQL function that invokes the sqlite3_result_subtype() interface
+** and that does not have the SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE property will raise
+** an error.  Future versions of SQLite might enable -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1
+** by default.
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 
@@ -6566,7 +6689,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
 
 /*
-** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
+** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from sqlite3_txn_state()
 ** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
 **
 ** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
@@ -6698,7 +6821,7 @@ SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 ** ^Each call to the sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() interface overrides all
 ** previous invocations for that database connection.  ^If the callback
 ** argument (C) to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is a NULL pointer,
-** then the autovacuum steps callback is cancelled.  The return value
+** then the autovacuum steps callback is canceled.  The return value
 ** from sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() is normally SQLITE_OK, but might
 ** be some other error code if something goes wrong.  The current
 ** implementation will only return SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_MISUSE, but other
@@ -6764,6 +6887,12 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(
 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
 ** release of SQLite.
 **
+** Whether the update hook is invoked before or after the
+** corresponding change is currently unspecified and may differ
+** depending on the type of change. Do not rely on the order of the
+** hook call with regards to the final result of the operation which
+** triggers the hook.
+**
 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
@@ -7217,6 +7346,10 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
   /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
   int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
+  /* The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_module object.
+  ** Those below are for version 4 and greater. */
+  int (*xIntegrity)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, const char *zSchema,
+                    const char *zTabName, int mFlags, char **pzErr);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -7704,7 +7837,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
 **
 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
-** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
+** open blob handle results in undefined behavior. ^Calling this routine
 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
@@ -7931,9 +8064,11 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 **
 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
-** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
-** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
-** behavior.)^
+** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. In most cases the SQLite core only uses
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization, so this is acceptable
+** behavior. The exceptions are unix builds that set the
+** SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT build option. In that case a working
+** sqlite3_mutex_try() is required.)^
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
@@ -8184,6 +8319,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION             7
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
@@ -8191,6 +8327,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK          14
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
@@ -8226,7 +8363,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 ** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
 ** keywords understood by SQLite.
 **
-** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
+** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the 0-based N-th keyword and
 ** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
 ** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
 ** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
@@ -9245,8 +9382,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. ^The blocked connections
-** unlock-notify callback may also be cancelled by closing the blocked
+** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
+** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
@@ -9805,24 +9942,45 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
 ** <li value="2"><p>
 ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 2, that means
 ** that the query planner does not need the rows returned in any particular
-** order, as long as rows with the same values in all "aOrderBy" columns
-** are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, only a single row for each particular
-** combination of values in the columns identified by the "aOrderBy" field
-** needs to be returned.)^  ^It is always ok for two or more rows with the same
-** values in all "aOrderBy" columns to be returned, as long as all such rows
-** are adjacent.  ^The virtual table may, if it chooses, omit extra rows
-** that have the same value for all columns identified by "aOrderBy".
-** ^However omitting the extra rows is optional.
+** order, as long as rows with the same values in all columns identified
+** by "aOrderBy" are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, when two or more rows
+** contain the same values for all columns identified by "colUsed", all but
+** one such row may optionally be omitted from the result.)^
+** The virtual table is not required to omit rows that are duplicates
+** over the "colUsed" columns, but if the virtual table can do that without
+** too much extra effort, it could potentially help the query to run faster.
 ** This mode is used for a DISTINCT query.
 ** <li value="3"><p>
-** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means
-** that the query planner needs only distinct rows but it does need the
-** rows to be sorted.)^ ^The virtual table implementation is free to omit
-** rows that are identical in all aOrderBy columns, if it wants to, but
-** it is not required to omit any rows.  This mode is used for queries
+** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means the
+** virtual table must return rows in the order defined by "aOrderBy" as
+** if the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface had returned 0.  However if
+** two or more rows in the result have the same values for all columns
+** identified by "colUsed", then all but one such row may optionally be
+** omitted.)^  Like when the return value is 2, the virtual table
+** is not required to omit rows that are duplicates over the "colUsed"
+** columns, but if the virtual table can do that without
+** too much extra effort, it could potentially help the query to run faster.
+** This mode is used for queries
 ** that have both DISTINCT and ORDER BY clauses.
 ** </ol>
 **
+** <p>The following table summarizes the conditions under which the
+** virtual table is allowed to set the "orderByConsumed" flag based on
+** the value returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct().  This table is a
+** restatement of the previous four paragraphs:
+**
+** <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=10 width="90%">
+** <tr>
+** <td valign="top">sqlite3_vtab_distinct() return value
+** <td valign="top">Rows are returned in aOrderBy order
+** <td valign="top">Rows with the same value in all aOrderBy columns are adjacent
+** <td valign="top">Duplicates over all colUsed columns may be omitted
+** <tr><td>0<td>yes<td>yes<td>no
+** <tr><td>1<td>no<td>yes<td>no
+** <tr><td>2<td>no<td>yes<td>yes
+** <tr><td>3<td>yes<td>yes<td>yes
+** </table>
+**
 ** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
 ** values are same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
 ** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
@@ -10549,6 +10707,13 @@ SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const c
 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
 ** of the database exists.
 **
+** After the call, if the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit had been set,
+** the returned buffer content will remain accessible and unchanged
+** until either the next write operation on the connection or when
+** the connection is closed, and applications must not modify the
+** buffer. If the bit had been clear, the returned buffer will not
+** be accessed by SQLite after the call.
+**
 ** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
 ** allocation error occurs.
@@ -10597,6 +10762,9 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
 ** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
 ** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
 **
+** Applications must not modify the buffer P or invalidate it before
+** the database connection D is closed.
+**
 ** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
 ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
 ** operation.
@@ -10605,6 +10773,13 @@ SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
 ** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
 ** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
 **
+** The deserialized database should not be in [WAL mode].  If the database
+** is in WAL mode, then any attempt to use the database file will result
+** in an [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] error.  The application can set the
+** [file format version numbers] (bytes 18 and 19) of the input database P
+** to 0x01 prior to invoking sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) to force the
+** database file into rollback mode and work around this limitation.
+**
 ** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
 ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
 ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
@@ -11678,6 +11853,18 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
 
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Upgrade the Schema of a Changeset/Patchset
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_upgrade(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zDb,
+  int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
+  int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
+);
+
+
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
 **
 ** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
@@ -11724,6 +11911,38 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Add a Schema to a Changegroup
+** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup_schema
+**
+** This method may be used to optionally enforce the rule that the changesets
+** added to the changegroup handle must match the schema of database zDb
+** ("main", "temp", or the name of an attached database). If
+** sqlite3changegroup_add() is called to add a changeset that is not compatible
+** with the configured schema, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned and the changegroup
+** object is left in an undefined state.
+**
+** A changeset schema is considered compatible with the database schema in
+** the same way as for sqlite3changeset_apply(). Specifically, for each
+** table in the changeset, there exists a database table with:
+**
+** <ul>
+**   <li> The name identified by the changeset, and
+**   <li> at least as many columns as recorded in the changeset, and
+**   <li> the primary key columns in the same position as recorded in
+**        the changeset.
+** </ul>
+**
+** The output of the changegroup object always has the same schema as the
+** database nominated using this function. In cases where changesets passed
+** to sqlite3changegroup_add() have fewer columns than the corresponding table
+** in the database schema, these are filled in using the default column
+** values from the database schema. This makes it possible to combined
+** changesets that have different numbers of columns for a single table
+** within a changegroup, provided that they are otherwise compatible.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_schema(sqlite3_changegroup*, sqlite3*, const char *zDb);
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
 **
@@ -11791,17 +12010,46 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
 ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
 ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
 ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
-** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
-** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
-** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
-** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the state
-** of the final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
+** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. Except, if the changegroup
+** object has been configured with a database schema using the
+** sqlite3changegroup_schema() API, then it is possible to combine changesets
+** with different numbers of columns for a single table, provided that
+** they are otherwise compatible.
+**
+** If the input changeset appears to be corrupt and the corruption is
+** detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition
+** occurs during processing, this function returns SQLITE_NOMEM.
 **
-** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+** In all cases, if an error occurs the state of the final contents of the
+** changegroup is undefined. If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Add A Single Change To A Changegroup
+** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
+**
+** This function adds the single change currently indicated by the iterator
+** passed as the second argument to the changegroup object. The rules for
+** adding the change are just as described for [sqlite3changegroup_add()].
+**
+** If the change is successfully added to the changegroup, SQLITE_OK is
+** returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned.
+**
+** The iterator must point to a valid entry when this function is called.
+** If it does not, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no change is added to the
+** changegroup. Additionally, the iterator must not have been opened with
+** the SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT flag. In this case SQLITE_ERROR is also
+** returned.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_change(
+  sqlite3_changegroup*,
+  sqlite3_changeset_iter*
+);
+
+
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
 **
@@ -12062,10 +12310,17 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
 **    <li>an insert change if all fields of the conflicting row match
 **        the row being inserted.
 **    </ul>
+**
+** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION <dd>
+**   If this flag it set, then all foreign key constraints in the target
+**   database behave as if they were declared with "ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON
+**   DELETE NO ACTION", even if they are actually CASCADE, RESTRICT, SET NULL
+**   or SET DEFAULT.
 */
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT        0x0002
 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP    0x0004
+#define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION    0x0008
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
@@ -12598,8 +12853,8 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
 **
 ** xUserData(pFts):
-**   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
-**   registered with.
+**   Return a copy of the pUserData pointer passed to the xCreateFunction()
+**   API when the extension function was registered.
 **
 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
@@ -12631,8 +12886,11 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
 **
 ** xColumnText:
-**   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
-**   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
+**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
+**   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
+**
+**   Otherwise, this function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of
+**   the current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
@@ -12642,8 +12900,10 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
 **
 ** xPhraseSize:
-**   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
-**   are numbered starting from zero.
+**   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
+**   number of phrases in the current query, as returned by xPhraseCount,
+**   0 is returned. Otherwise, this function returns the number of tokens in
+**   phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases are numbered starting from zero.
 **
 ** xInstCount:
 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
@@ -12659,12 +12919,13 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
-**   output by xInstCount().
+**   output by xInstCount(). If iIdx is less than zero or greater than
+**   or equal to the value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
 **
-**   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
+**   Otherwise, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
-**   first token of the phrase. Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error
-**   code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
+**   first token of the phrase. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an
+**   error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
 **
 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
@@ -12690,6 +12951,10 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
 **   the third argument to pUserData.
 **
+**   If parameter iPhrase is less than zero, or greater than or equal to
+**   the number of phrases in the query, as returned by xPhraseCount(),
+**   this function returns SQLITE_RANGE.
+**
 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
@@ -12804,9 +13069,42 @@ struct Fts5PhraseIter {
 **
 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
+**
+** xQueryToken(pFts5, iPhrase, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
+**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase iPhrase of the current
+**   query. Before returning, output parameter *ppToken is set to point
+**   to a buffer containing the requested token, and *pnToken to the
+**   size of this buffer in bytes.
+**
+**   If iPhrase or iToken are less than zero, or if iPhrase is greater than
+**   or equal to the number of phrases in the query as reported by
+**   xPhraseCount(), or if iToken is equal to or greater than the number of
+**   tokens in the phrase, SQLITE_RANGE is returned and *ppToken and *pnToken
+     are both zeroed.
+**
+**   The output text is not a copy of the query text that specified the
+**   token. It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1
+**   tables, this includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
+**
+** xInstToken(pFts5, iIdx, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
+**   This is used to access token iToken of phrase hit iIdx within the
+**   current row. If iIdx is less than zero or greater than or equal to the
+**   value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.  Otherwise,
+**   output variable (*ppToken) is set to point to a buffer containing the
+**   matching document token, and (*pnToken) to the size of that buffer in
+**   bytes. This API is not available if the specified token matches a
+**   prefix query term. In that case both output variables are always set
+**   to 0.
+**
+**   The output text is not a copy of the document text that was tokenized.
+**   It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1 tables, this
+**   includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
+**
+**   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
+**   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
 */
 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
-  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
+  int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
 
   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
 
@@ -12841,6 +13139,13 @@ struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
 
   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
+
+  /* Below this point are iVersion>=3 only */
+  int (*xQueryToken)(Fts5Context*,
+      int iPhrase, int iToken,
+      const char **ppToken, int *pnToken
+  );
+  int (*xInstToken)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int iToken, const char**, int*);
 };
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3ext.h b/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3ext.h
index 7116380992..ae0949baf7 100644
--- a/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3ext.h
+++ b/src/libs/3rdparty/sqlite/sqlite3ext.h
@@ -363,6 +363,9 @@ struct sqlite3_api_routines {
   int (*is_interrupted)(sqlite3*);
   /* Version 3.43.0 and later */
   int (*stmt_explain)(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
+  /* Version 3.44.0 and later */
+  void *(*get_clientdata)(sqlite3*,const char*);
+  int (*set_clientdata)(sqlite3*, const char*, void*, void(*)(void*));
 };
 
 /*
@@ -693,6 +696,9 @@ typedef int (*sqlite3_loadext_entry)(
 #define sqlite3_is_interrupted         sqlite3_api->is_interrupted
 /* Version 3.43.0 and later */
 #define sqlite3_stmt_explain           sqlite3_api->stmt_explain
+/* Version 3.44.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_get_clientdata         sqlite3_api->get_clientdata
+#define sqlite3_set_clientdata         sqlite3_api->set_clientdata
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
diff --git a/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/dockmanager.cpp b/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/dockmanager.cpp
index b718302f4c..60586ff4f4 100644
--- a/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/dockmanager.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/dockmanager.cpp
@@ -1531,62 +1531,31 @@ QByteArray DockManager::loadFile(const FilePath &filePath)
 
 QString DockManager::readDisplayName(const FilePath &filePath)
 {
-    auto data = loadFile(filePath);
-
-    if (data.isEmpty())
-        return {};
-
-    auto tmp = data.startsWith("<?xml") ? data : qUncompress(data);
-
-    DockingStateReader reader(tmp);
-    if (!reader.readNextStartElement())
-        return {};
-
-    if (reader.name() != QLatin1String("QtAdvancedDockingSystem"))
-        return {};
-
-    return reader.attributes().value(workspaceDisplayNameAttribute.toString()).toString();
+    return readAttribute(filePath, workspaceDisplayNameAttribute);
 }
 
 bool DockManager::writeDisplayName(const FilePath &filePath, const QString &displayName)
 {
-    const expected_str<QByteArray> content = filePath.fileContents();
-
-    QTC_ASSERT_EXPECTED(content, return false);
-
-    QDomDocument doc;
-    QString error_msg;
-    int error_line, error_col;
-    if (!doc.setContent(*content, &error_msg, &error_line, &error_col)) {
-        qWarning() << QString("XML error on line %1, col %2: %3")
-                          .arg(error_line)
-                          .arg(error_col)
-                          .arg(error_msg);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    QDomElement docElem = doc.documentElement();
-    docElem.setAttribute(workspaceDisplayNameAttribute.toString(), displayName);
+    return writeAttribute(filePath, workspaceDisplayNameAttribute, displayName);
+}
 
-    const expected_str<void> result = write(filePath, doc.toByteArray(workspaceXmlFormattingIndent));
-    if (!result) {
-        qWarning() << "Could not write display name" << displayName << "to" << filePath << ":"
-                   << result.error();
-        return false;
-    }
+QString DockManager::readMcusEnabled(const FilePath &filePath)
+{
+    return readAttribute(filePath, workspaceMcusEnabledAttribute);
+}
 
-    return true;
+bool DockManager::writeMcusEnabled(const FilePath &filePath, const QString &mcusEnabled)
+{
+    return writeAttribute(filePath, workspaceMcusEnabledAttribute, mcusEnabled);
 }
 
-QString DockManager::readMcusEnabled(const FilePath &filePath)
+QString DockManager::readAttribute(const FilePath &filePath, QStringView key)
 {
     auto data = loadFile(filePath);
-
     if (data.isEmpty())
         return {};
 
     auto tmp = data.startsWith("<?xml") ? data : qUncompress(data);
-
     DockingStateReader reader(tmp);
     if (!reader.readNextStartElement())
         return {};
@@ -1594,13 +1563,12 @@ QString DockManager::readMcusEnabled(const FilePath &filePath)
     if (reader.name() != QLatin1String("QtAdvancedDockingSystem"))
         return {};
 
-    return reader.attributes().value(workspaceMcusEnabledAttribute.toString()).toString();
+    return reader.attributes().value(key.toString()).toString();
 }
 
-bool DockManager::writeMcusEnabled(const FilePath &filePath, const QString &mcusEnabled)
+bool DockManager::writeAttribute(const FilePath &filePath, QStringView key, const QString &value)
 {
     const expected_str<QByteArray> content = filePath.fileContents();
-
     QTC_ASSERT_EXPECTED(content, return false);
 
     QDomDocument doc;
@@ -1608,23 +1576,19 @@ bool DockManager::writeMcusEnabled(const FilePath &filePath, const QString &mcus
     int error_line, error_col;
     if (!doc.setContent(*content, &error_msg, &error_line, &error_col)) {
         qWarning() << QString("XML error on line %1, col %2: %3")
-                          .arg(error_line)
-                          .arg(error_col)
-                          .arg(error_msg);
+                          .arg(error_line).arg(error_col).arg(error_msg);
         return false;
     }
 
     QDomElement docElem = doc.documentElement();
-    docElem.setAttribute(workspaceMcusEnabledAttribute.toString(), mcusEnabled);
+    docElem.setAttribute(key.toString(), value);
 
     const expected_str<void> result = write(filePath, doc.toByteArray(workspaceXmlFormattingIndent));
-    if (!result) {
-        qWarning() << "Could not write mcusEnabled" << mcusEnabled << "to" << filePath << ":"
-                   << result.error();
-        return false;
-    }
+    if (result)
+        return true;
 
-    return true;
+    qWarning() << "Could not write" << key << value << "to" << filePath << ":" << result.error();
+    return false;
 }
 
 expected_str<void> DockManager::write(const FilePath &filePath, const QByteArray &data)
diff --git a/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/dockmanager.h b/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/dockmanager.h
index 23aa21a578..b092eedef0 100644
--- a/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/dockmanager.h
+++ b/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/dockmanager.h
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ public:
 
     /**
      * This function sets the tool button style for the given dock widget state. It is possible to
-     * switch the tool button style depending on the state. If a dock widget is floating, then here 
+     * switch the tool button style depending on the state. If a dock widget is floating, then here
      * are more space and it is possible to select a style that requires more space like
      * Qt::ToolButtonTextUnderIcon. For the docked state Qt::ToolButtonIconOnly might be better.
      */
@@ -783,6 +783,9 @@ signals:
     void lockWorkspaceChanged();
 
 private:
+    static QString readAttribute(const Utils::FilePath &filePath, QStringView key);
+    static bool writeAttribute(const Utils::FilePath &filePath, QStringView key,
+                               const QString &value);
     static Utils::expected_str<void> write(const Utils::FilePath &filePath, const QByteArray &data);
 
     Utils::expected_str<QByteArray> loadWorkspace(const Workspace &workspace) const;
diff --git a/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/workspaceview.cpp b/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/workspaceview.cpp
index 26983c2bcd..116ad95670 100644
--- a/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/workspaceview.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/advanceddockingsystem/workspaceview.cpp
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ void WorkspaceView::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
 
 void WorkspaceView::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event)
 {
-    const QModelIndex dropIndex = indexAt(event->pos());
+    const QModelIndex dropIndex = indexAt(event->position().toPoint());
     const DropIndicatorPosition dropIndicator = dropIndicatorPosition();
 
     const auto droppedWorkspaces = selectedWorkspaces();
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/CppDocument.cpp b/src/libs/cplusplus/CppDocument.cpp
index cdc036f177..0b0d366925 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/CppDocument.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/CppDocument.cpp
@@ -356,6 +356,15 @@ void Document::addUndefinedMacroUse(const QByteArray &name,
     _undefinedMacroUses.append(use);
 }
 
+int Document::pragmaOnceLine() const
+{
+    for (const Pragma &p : _pragmas) {
+        if (p.tokens.size() == 1 && p.tokens.first() == "once")
+            return p.line;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
 /*!
     \class Document::MacroUse
     \brief The MacroUse class represents the usage of a macro in a
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/CppDocument.h b/src/libs/cplusplus/CppDocument.h
index 8834c7538a..ca32807309 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/CppDocument.h
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/CppDocument.h
@@ -11,15 +11,14 @@
 
 #include <utils/filepath.h>
 
-#include <QSharedPointer>
+#include <QAtomicInt>
+#include <QByteArrayList>
 #include <QDateTime>
-#include <QHash>
 #include <QFuture>
-#include <QAtomicInt>
+#include <QHash>
+#include <QSharedPointer>
 
 namespace CPlusPlus {
-
-class Macro;
 class MacroArgumentReference;
 class LookupContext;
 
@@ -55,6 +54,9 @@ public:
     void addUndefinedMacroUse(const QByteArray &name,
                               int bytesOffset, int utf16charsOffset);
 
+    void appendPragma(const Pragma &pragma) { _pragmas << pragma; }
+    int pragmaOnceLine() const;
+
     Control *control() const { return _control; }
     Control *swapControl(Control *newControl);
     TranslationUnit *translationUnit() const { return _translationUnit; }
@@ -353,6 +355,8 @@ private:
      /// the macro name of the include guard, if there is one.
     QByteArray _includeGuardMacroName;
 
+    QList<Pragma> _pragmas;
+
     QByteArray m_fingerprint;
 
     QByteArray _source;
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/FastPreprocessor.cpp b/src/libs/cplusplus/FastPreprocessor.cpp
index 8dcc8509b1..88acd386e4 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/FastPreprocessor.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/FastPreprocessor.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,12 @@ void FastPreprocessor::macroAdded(const Macro &macro)
     _currentDoc->appendMacro(macro);
 }
 
+void FastPreprocessor::pragmaAdded(const Pragma &pragma)
+{
+    Q_ASSERT(_currentDoc);
+    _currentDoc->appendPragma(pragma);
+}
+
 static const Macro revision(const Snapshot &s, const Macro &m)
 {
     if (Document::Ptr d = s.document(m.filePath())) {
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/FastPreprocessor.h b/src/libs/cplusplus/FastPreprocessor.h
index 641a0164cf..cf1ac86cdf 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/FastPreprocessor.h
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/FastPreprocessor.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public:
                               const Utils::FilePaths &initialIncludes = {});
 
     virtual void macroAdded(const Macro &);
-
+    virtual void pragmaAdded(const Pragma &pragma);
     virtual void passedMacroDefinitionCheck(int, int, int, const Macro &);
     virtual void failedMacroDefinitionCheck(int, int, const ByteArrayRef &);
 
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/Macro.h b/src/libs/cplusplus/Macro.h
index 26a33ea849..d5288dadf1 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/Macro.h
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/Macro.h
@@ -157,4 +157,11 @@ private:
     };
 };
 
+class CPLUSPLUS_EXPORT Pragma
+{
+public:
+    QByteArrayList tokens;
+    int line;
+};
+
 } // CPlusPlus
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/PreprocessorClient.h b/src/libs/cplusplus/PreprocessorClient.h
index 2d0df7faf9..2c7ad0a42c 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/PreprocessorClient.h
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/PreprocessorClient.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ namespace CPlusPlus {
 
 class ByteArrayRef;
 class Macro;
+class Pragma;
 
 class CPLUSPLUS_EXPORT MacroArgumentReference
 {
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ public:
   virtual ~Client() = 0;
 
   virtual void macroAdded(const Macro &macro) = 0;
+  virtual void pragmaAdded(const Pragma &pragma) = 0;
 
   virtual void passedMacroDefinitionCheck(int bytesOffset, int utf16charsOffset,
                                           int line, const Macro &macro) = 0;
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/ResolveExpression.cpp b/src/libs/cplusplus/ResolveExpression.cpp
index 4fc1cd2d56..e779c447bf 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/ResolveExpression.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/ResolveExpression.cpp
@@ -1062,6 +1062,8 @@ ClassOrNamespace *ResolveExpression::baseExpression(const QList<LookupItem> &bas
         }
 
         typedefsResolver.resolve(&ty, &scope, r.binding());
+        if (auto ref = ty->asReferenceType()) // deref if needed
+            ty = ref->elementType();
 
         if (Q_UNLIKELY(debug))
             qDebug() << "-  after typedef resolving:" << oo.prettyType(ty);
@@ -1082,6 +1084,9 @@ ClassOrNamespace *ResolveExpression::baseExpression(const QList<LookupItem> &bas
                 if (ClassOrNamespace *binding = findClass(type, scope))
                     return binding;
 
+                if (ClassOrNamespace *binding = findClass(type, r.scope())) // local classes and structs
+                    return binding;
+
             } else {
                 ClassOrNamespace *binding
                         = findClassForTemplateParameterInExpressionScope(r.binding(),
@@ -1176,6 +1181,9 @@ ClassOrNamespace *ResolveExpression::baseExpression(const QList<LookupItem> &bas
 
             if (ClassOrNamespace *binding = findClass(ty, scope, enclosingBinding))
                 return binding;
+
+            if (ClassOrNamespace *binding = findClass(ty, r.scope())) // local classes and structs
+                return binding;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/pp-engine.cpp b/src/libs/cplusplus/pp-engine.cpp
index 74ca1ceb51..a1343e5471 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/pp-engine.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/pp-engine.cpp
@@ -1626,10 +1626,10 @@ void Preprocessor::handlePreprocessorDirective(PPToken *tk)
     static const QByteArray ppInclude("include");
     static const QByteArray ppIncludeNext("include_next");
     static const QByteArray ppImport("import");
+    static const QByteArray ppPragma("pragma");
     //### TODO:
     // line
     // error
-    // pragma
 
     if (tk->is(T_IDENTIFIER)) {
         const ByteArrayRef directive = tk->asByteArrayRef();
@@ -1640,6 +1640,8 @@ void Preprocessor::handlePreprocessorDirective(PPToken *tk)
             handleIfDefDirective(true, tk);
         } else if (directive == ppEndIf) {
             handleEndIfDirective(tk, poundToken);
+        } else if (directive == ppPragma) {
+            handlePragmaDirective(tk);
         } else {
             m_state.updateIncludeGuardState(State::IncludeGuardStateHint_OtherToken);
 
@@ -1866,6 +1868,23 @@ void Preprocessor::handleDefineDirective(PPToken *tk)
         m_client->macroAdded(macro);
 }
 
+void Preprocessor::handlePragmaDirective(PPToken *tk)
+{
+    Pragma pragma;
+    pragma.line = tk->lineno;
+    lex(tk); // consume "pragma" token
+
+    while (isContinuationToken(*tk)) {
+        if (!consumeComments(tk))
+            return;
+        pragma.tokens << tk->asByteArrayRef().toByteArray();
+        lex(tk);
+    }
+
+    if (m_client)
+        m_client->pragmaAdded(pragma);
+}
+
 QByteArray Preprocessor::expand(PPToken *tk, PPToken *lastConditionToken)
 {
     unsigned line = tk->lineno;
diff --git a/src/libs/cplusplus/pp-engine.h b/src/libs/cplusplus/pp-engine.h
index 2163380dea..537f505b95 100644
--- a/src/libs/cplusplus/pp-engine.h
+++ b/src/libs/cplusplus/pp-engine.h
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ private:
     void handlePreprocessorDirective(PPToken *tk);
     void handleIncludeDirective(PPToken *tk, bool includeNext);
     void handleDefineDirective(PPToken *tk);
+    void handlePragmaDirective(PPToken *tk);
     QByteArray expand(PPToken *tk, PPToken *lastConditionToken = nullptr);
     const Internal::PPToken evalExpression(PPToken *tk, Value &result);
     void handleIfDirective(PPToken *tk);
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/extensionsystem/CMakeLists.txt
index fb836631d9..a1768577b0 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ add_qtc_library(ExtensionSystem
     pluginerroroverview.cpp pluginerroroverview.h
     pluginerrorview.cpp pluginerrorview.h
     pluginmanager.cpp pluginmanager.h pluginmanager_p.h
-    pluginspec.cpp pluginspec.h pluginspec_p.h
+    pluginspec.cpp pluginspec.h
     pluginview.cpp pluginview.h
   EXPLICIT_MOC
     pluginmanager.h
@@ -20,10 +20,16 @@ add_qtc_library(ExtensionSystem
 
 find_package(Qt6 COMPONENTS Test QUIET)
 
+# If ExtensionSystem was compiled with QtTest, it should provide the test options
+# and the test related API, regardless if Qt Creator was compiled with tests or not,
+# and regardless if an external plugin is compiled with tests or not.
+# ExtensionSystem may not require QtTest in public headers though.
+# API with EXTENSIONSYSTEM_TEST_EXPORT (like CppPluginSpec) should only be exported
+# if Qt Creator is compiled with tests.
 extend_qtc_library(ExtensionSystem
   CONDITION TARGET Qt::Test
   DEPENDS Qt::Test
-  DEFINES WITH_TESTS
+  PUBLIC_DEFINES EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
 )
 
 extend_qtc_library(ExtensionSystem
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/extensionsystem.qbs b/src/libs/extensionsystem/extensionsystem.qbs
index 8748c27ba6..c34e97e754 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/extensionsystem.qbs
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/extensionsystem.qbs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ QtcLibrary {
     name: "ExtensionSystem"
 
     cpp.defines: base.concat(["EXTENSIONSYSTEM_LIBRARY", "IDE_TEST_DIR=\".\""])
+                     .concat(qtc.withPluginTests ? ["EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION"] : [])
 
     Depends { name: "Qt"; submodules: ["core", "widgets"] }
     Depends { name: "Qt.testlib"; condition: qtc.withPluginTests }
@@ -29,12 +30,13 @@ QtcLibrary {
         "pluginmanager_p.h",
         "pluginspec.cpp",
         "pluginspec.h",
-        "pluginspec_p.h",
         "pluginview.cpp",
         "pluginview.h",
     ]
 
     Export {
         Depends { name: "Qt.core" }
+        Depends { name: "qtc" }
+        cpp.defines: qtc.withPluginTests ? ["EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION"] : []
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/invoker.h b/src/libs/extensionsystem/invoker.h
index 8cd27eb175..ada8aa7cf5 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/invoker.h
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/invoker.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ private:
     InvokerBase(const InvokerBase &); // Unimplemented.
     template <class T> const char *typeName()
     {
-        return QMetaType::typeName(qMetaTypeId<T>());
+        return QMetaType(qMetaTypeId<T>()).name();
     }
     QObject *target;
     QGenericArgument arg[10];
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/optionsparser.cpp b/src/libs/extensionsystem/optionsparser.cpp
index 205442488e..21dfba16ec 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/optionsparser.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/optionsparser.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "extensionsystemtr.h"
 #include "pluginmanager.h"
 #include "pluginmanager_p.h"
-#include "pluginspec_p.h"
 
 #include <utils/algorithm.h>
 
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ bool OptionsParser::parse()
             continue;
         if (checkForNoCrashcheckOption())
             continue;
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
         if (checkForTestOptions())
             continue;
         if (checkForScenarioOption())
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ bool OptionsParser::checkForTestOptions()
                     } else {
                         m_pmPrivate->testSpecs.emplace_back(spec, args);
                     }
-                } else  {
+                } else {
                     if (m_errorString)
                         *m_errorString = Tr::tr("The plugin \"%1\" does not exist.").arg(pluginName);
                     m_hasError = true;
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ bool OptionsParser::checkForLoadOption()
     if (nextToken(RequiredToken)) {
         if (m_currentArg == QLatin1String("all")) {
             for (PluginSpec *spec : std::as_const(m_pmPrivate->pluginSpecs))
-                spec->d->setForceEnabled(true);
+                spec->setForceEnabled(true);
             m_isDependencyRefreshNeeded = true;
         } else {
             PluginSpec *spec = m_pmPrivate->pluginByName(m_currentArg);
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ bool OptionsParser::checkForLoadOption()
                     *m_errorString = Tr::tr("The plugin \"%1\" does not exist.").arg(m_currentArg);
                 m_hasError = true;
             } else {
-                spec->d->setForceEnabled(true);
+                spec->setForceEnabled(true);
                 m_isDependencyRefreshNeeded = true;
             }
         }
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ bool OptionsParser::checkForNoLoadOption()
     if (nextToken(RequiredToken)) {
         if (m_currentArg == QLatin1String("all")) {
             for (PluginSpec *spec : std::as_const(m_pmPrivate->pluginSpecs))
-                spec->d->setForceDisabled(true);
+                spec->setForceDisabled(true);
             m_isDependencyRefreshNeeded = true;
         } else {
             PluginSpec *spec = m_pmPrivate->pluginByName(m_currentArg);
@@ -211,10 +210,10 @@ bool OptionsParser::checkForNoLoadOption()
                     *m_errorString = Tr::tr("The plugin \"%1\" does not exist.").arg(m_currentArg);
                 m_hasError = true;
             } else {
-                spec->d->setForceDisabled(true);
+                spec->setForceDisabled(true);
                 // recursively disable all plugins that require this plugin
                 for (PluginSpec *dependantSpec : PluginManager::pluginsRequiringPlugin(spec))
-                    dependantSpec->d->setForceDisabled(true);
+                    dependantSpec->setForceDisabled(true);
                 m_isDependencyRefreshNeeded = true;
             }
         }
@@ -292,10 +291,10 @@ bool OptionsParser::checkForUnknownOption()
 void OptionsParser::forceDisableAllPluginsExceptTestedAndForceEnabled()
 {
     for (const PluginManagerPrivate::TestSpec &testSpec : m_pmPrivate->testSpecs)
-        testSpec.pluginSpec->d->setForceEnabled(true);
+        testSpec.pluginSpec->setForceEnabled(true);
     for (PluginSpec *spec : std::as_const(m_pmPrivate->pluginSpecs)) {
         if (!spec->isForceEnabled() && !spec->isRequired())
-            spec->d->setForceDisabled(true);
+            spec->setForceDisabled(true);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/plugindetailsview.cpp b/src/libs/extensionsystem/plugindetailsview.cpp
index 73fa2b1229..35e646bad7 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/plugindetailsview.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/plugindetailsview.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "pluginspec.h"
 
 #include <utils/algorithm.h>
+#include <utils/infolabel.h>
 #include <utils/layoutbuilder.h>
 
 #include <QCoreApplication>
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ public:
         , copyright(createContentsLabel())
         , license(createTextEdit())
         , dependencies(new QListWidget(q))
+        , softLoadable(new Utils::InfoLabel)
     {
         using namespace Layouting;
 
@@ -70,7 +72,8 @@ public:
             Tr::tr("Description:"), description, br,
             Tr::tr("Copyright:"), copyright, br,
             Tr::tr("License:"), license, br,
-            Tr::tr("Dependencies:"), dependencies,
+            Tr::tr("Dependencies:"), dependencies, br,
+            Tr::tr("Loadable without restart:"), softLoadable, br,
             noMargin
         }.attachTo(q);
         // clang-format on
@@ -90,6 +93,7 @@ public:
     QLabel *copyright = nullptr;
     QTextEdit *license = nullptr;
     QListWidget *dependencies = nullptr;
+    Utils::InfoLabel *softLoadable = nullptr;
 
 private:
     QLabel *createContentsLabel() {
@@ -142,7 +146,7 @@ void PluginDetailsView::update(PluginSpec *spec)
     d->vendor->setText(spec->vendor());
     d->component->setText(spec->category().isEmpty() ? Tr::tr("None") : spec->category());
     d->url->setText(QString::fromLatin1("<a href=\"%1\">%1</a>").arg(spec->url()));
-    d->location->setText(QDir::toNativeSeparators(spec->filePath()));
+    d->location->setText(spec->filePath().toUserOutput());
     const QString pattern = spec->platformSpecification().pattern();
     const QString platform = pattern.isEmpty() ? Tr::tr("All") : pattern;
     const QString platformString = Tr::tr("%1 (current: \"%2\")")
@@ -157,6 +161,8 @@ void PluginDetailsView::update(PluginSpec *spec)
     d->license->setText(spec->license());
     d->dependencies->addItems(Utils::transform<QList>(spec->dependencies(),
                                                       &PluginDependency::toString));
+    d->softLoadable->setType(spec->isSoftLoadable() ? Utils::InfoLabel::Ok
+                                                    : Utils::InfoLabel::NotOk);
 }
 
 void PluginDetailsView::showModal(QWidget *parent, PluginSpec *spec)
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager.cpp b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager.cpp
index fcb3062faa..4fbaba01e5 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include "optionsparser.h"
 #include "pluginmanager_p.h"
 #include "pluginspec.h"
-#include "pluginspec_p.h"
 
 #include <nanotrace/nanotrace.h>
 
@@ -18,8 +17,8 @@
 #include <utils/futuresynchronizer.h>
 #include <utils/hostosinfo.h>
 #include <utils/mimeutils.h>
-#include <utils/process.h>
 #include <utils/qtcassert.h>
+#include <utils/qtcprocess.h>
 #include <utils/qtcsettings.h>
 #include <utils/threadutils.h>
 
@@ -35,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <QLibraryInfo>
 #include <QMessageBox>
 #include <QMetaProperty>
+#include <QPluginLoader>
 #include <QPushButton>
 #include <QScopeGuard>
 #include <QSysInfo>
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 #include <QTimer>
 #include <QWriteLocker>
 
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
 #include <utils/hostosinfo.h>
 #include <QTest>
 #include <QThread>
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(pluginLog, "qtc.extensionsystem", QtWarningMsg)
 
@@ -327,6 +328,11 @@ void PluginManager::loadPluginsAtRuntime(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins)
     d->loadPluginsAtRuntime(plugins);
 }
 
+void PluginManager::addPlugins(const PluginSpecs &specs)
+{
+    d->addPlugins(specs);
+}
+
 /*!
     Returns \c true if any plugin has errors even though it is enabled.
     Most useful to call after loadPlugins().
@@ -428,17 +434,12 @@ QString PluginManager::systemInformation()
     return result;
 }
 
-FutureSynchronizer *PluginManager::futureSynchronizer()
-{
-    return d->m_futureSynchronizer.get();
-}
-
 /*!
     The list of paths were the plugin manager searches for plugins.
 
     \sa setPluginPaths()
 */
-QStringList PluginManager::pluginPaths()
+FilePaths PluginManager::pluginPaths()
 {
     return d->pluginPaths;
 }
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ QStringList PluginManager::pluginPaths()
     \sa pluginPaths()
     \sa loadPlugins()
 */
-void PluginManager::setPluginPaths(const QStringList &paths)
+void PluginManager::setPluginPaths(const FilePaths &paths)
 {
     d->setPluginPaths(paths);
 }
@@ -551,12 +552,12 @@ QStringList PluginManager::argumentsForRestart()
 
     \sa setPluginPaths()
 */
-const QVector<PluginSpec *> PluginManager::plugins()
+const PluginSpecs PluginManager::plugins()
 {
     return d->pluginSpecs;
 }
 
-QHash<QString, QVector<PluginSpec *>> PluginManager::pluginCollections()
+QHash<QString, PluginSpecs> PluginManager::pluginCollections()
 {
     return d->pluginCategories;
 }
@@ -636,11 +637,13 @@ void PluginManager::remoteArguments(const QString &serializedArgument, QObject *
     for (const PluginSpec *ps : plugins()) {
         if (ps->state() == PluginSpec::Running) {
             const QStringList pluginOptions = subList(serializedArguments, QLatin1Char(':') + ps->name());
-            QObject *socketParent = ps->plugin()->remoteCommand(pluginOptions, workingDirectory,
-                                                                arguments);
-            if (socketParent && socket) {
-                socket->setParent(socketParent);
-                socket = nullptr;
+            if (IPlugin *plugin = ps->plugin()) {
+                QObject *socketParent
+                    = plugin->remoteCommand(pluginOptions, workingDirectory, arguments);
+                if (socketParent && socket) {
+                    socket->setParent(socketParent);
+                    socket = nullptr;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -740,7 +743,7 @@ void PluginManager::formatOptions(QTextStream &str, int optionIndentation, int d
                  QLatin1String("Disable startup check for previously crashed instance"),
                  optionIndentation,
                  descriptionIndentation);
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
     formatOption(str, QString::fromLatin1(OptionsParser::TEST_OPTION)
                  + QLatin1String(" <plugin>[,testfunction[:testdata]]..."), QString(),
                  QLatin1String("Run plugin's tests (by default a separate settings path is used)"),
@@ -793,7 +796,7 @@ bool PluginManager::testRunRequested()
     return !d->testSpecs.empty();
 }
 
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
 // Called in plugin initialization, the scenario function will be called later, from main
 bool PluginManager::registerScenario(const QString &scenarioId, std::function<bool()> scenarioStarter)
 {
@@ -896,8 +899,10 @@ PluginManager::ProcessData PluginManager::creatorProcessData()
 /*!
     Returns a list of plugins in load order.
 */
-QVector<PluginSpec *> PluginManager::loadQueue()
+PluginSpecs PluginManager::loadQueue()
 {
+    // Ensure order preservation
+    static_assert(std::is_same<PluginSpecs, QList<class PluginSpec *> >::value);
     return d->loadQueue();
 }
 
@@ -906,14 +911,6 @@ QVector<PluginSpec *> PluginManager::loadQueue()
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-PluginSpec *PluginManagerPrivate::createSpec()
-{
-    return new PluginSpec();
-}
-
-/*!
-    \internal
-*/
 void PluginManagerPrivate::setSettings(QtcSettings *s)
 {
     if (settings)
@@ -935,14 +932,6 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::setGlobalSettings(QtcSettings *s)
         globalSettings->setParent(this);
 }
 
-/*!
-    \internal
-*/
-PluginSpecPrivate *PluginManagerPrivate::privateSpec(PluginSpec *spec)
-{
-    return spec->d;
-}
-
 void PluginManagerPrivate::startDelayedInitialize()
 {
     Utils::setMimeStartupPhase(MimeStartupPhase::PluginsDelayedInitializing);
@@ -954,8 +943,8 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::startDelayedInitialize()
             delayedInitializeQueue.pop();
             NANOTRACE_SCOPE(specName, specName + "::delayedInitialized");
             profilingReport(">delayedInitialize", spec);
-            bool delay = spec->d->delayedInitialize();
-            profilingReport("<delayedInitialize", spec, &spec->d->performanceData.delayedInitialize);
+            bool delay = spec->delayedInitialize();
+            profilingReport("<delayedInitialize", spec, &spec->performanceData().delayedInitialize);
             if (delay) // give UI a bit of breathing space, but prevent user interaction
                 QCoreApplication::processEvents(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);
         }
@@ -967,17 +956,18 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::startDelayedInitialize()
     }
     NANOTRACE_SHUTDOWN();
     emit q->initializationDone();
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
-        if (PluginManager::testRunRequested())
-            startTests();
-        else if (PluginManager::isScenarioRequested()) {
-            if (PluginManager::runScenario()) {
-                const QString info = QString("Successfully started scenario \"%1\"...").arg(d->m_requestedScenario);
-                qInfo("%s", qPrintable(info));
-            } else {
-                QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, [] { emit m_instance->scenarioFinished(1); });
-            }
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
+    if (PluginManager::testRunRequested())
+        startTests();
+    else if (PluginManager::isScenarioRequested()) {
+        if (PluginManager::runScenario()) {
+            const QString info
+                = QString("Successfully started scenario \"%1\"...").arg(d->m_requestedScenario);
+            qInfo("%s", qPrintable(info));
+        } else {
+            QMetaObject::invokeMethod(this, [] { emit m_instance->scenarioFinished(1); });
         }
+    }
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -986,10 +976,7 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::startDelayedInitialize()
 */
 PluginManagerPrivate::PluginManagerPrivate(PluginManager *pluginManager) :
     q(pluginManager)
-{
-    m_futureSynchronizer.reset(new FutureSynchronizer);
-}
-
+{}
 
 /*!
     \internal
@@ -1042,7 +1029,7 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::stopAll()
     m_isShuttingDown = true;
     delayedInitializeTimer.stop();
 
-    const QVector<PluginSpec *> queue = loadQueue();
+    const PluginSpecs queue = loadQueue();
     for (PluginSpec *spec : queue)
         loadPlugin(spec, PluginSpec::Stopped);
 }
@@ -1052,7 +1039,11 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::stopAll()
 */
 void PluginManagerPrivate::deleteAll()
 {
-    m_futureSynchronizer.reset(); // Synchronize all futures from all plugins
+    // Guard against someone playing with the setting
+    QTC_ASSERT(
+        Utils::futureSynchronizer()->isCancelOnWait(),
+        Utils::futureSynchronizer()->cancelAllFutures());
+    Utils::futureSynchronizer()->waitForFinished(); // Synchronize all futures from all plugins
     Utils::reverseForeach(loadQueue(), [this](PluginSpec *spec) {
         loadPlugin(spec, PluginSpec::Deleted);
     });
@@ -1068,10 +1059,8 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::checkForDuplicatePlugins()
             if (spec->isEffectivelyEnabled() && other->isEffectivelyEnabled()) {
                 const QString error = Tr::tr(
                     "Multiple versions of the same plugin have been found.");
-                spec->d->hasError = true;
-                spec->d->errorString = error;
-                other->d->hasError = true;
-                other->d->errorString = error;
+                spec->setError(error);
+                other->setError(error);
             }
         } else {
             seen.insert(spec->name(), spec);
@@ -1081,14 +1070,15 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::checkForDuplicatePlugins()
 
 static QHash<IPlugin *, QList<TestCreator>> g_testCreators;
 
-void PluginManagerPrivate::addTestCreator(IPlugin *plugin, const TestCreator &testCreator)
+void PluginManagerPrivate::addTestCreator(
+    [[maybe_unused]] IPlugin *plugin, [[maybe_unused]] const TestCreator &testCreator)
 {
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
     g_testCreators[plugin].append(testCreator);
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
 
 using TestPlan = QHash<QObject *, QStringList>; // Object -> selected test functions
 
@@ -1380,7 +1370,7 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPlugins()
     if (m_profilingVerbosity > 0)
         qDebug("Profiling started");
 
-    const QVector<PluginSpec *> queue = loadQueue();
+    const PluginSpecs queue = loadQueue();
     Utils::setMimeStartupPhase(MimeStartupPhase::PluginsLoading);
     {
         NANOTRACE_SCOPE("ExtensionSystem", "Load");
@@ -1403,7 +1393,7 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPlugins()
                 delayedInitializeQueue.push(spec);
             } else {
                 // Plugin initialization failed, so cleanup after it
-                spec->d->kill();
+                spec->kill();
             }
         });
     }
@@ -1421,10 +1411,23 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPlugins()
 void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPluginsAtRuntime(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins)
 {
     QTC_CHECK(allOf(plugins, [](PluginSpec *spec) { return spec->isSoftLoadable(); }));
-    // load the plugins ordered by dependency
+
+    // load the plugins and their dependencies (if possible) ordered by dependency
     const QList<PluginSpec *> queue = filtered(loadQueue(), [&plugins](PluginSpec *spec) {
-        return plugins.contains(spec);
+        // Is the current plugin already running, or not soft loadable?
+        if (spec->state() == PluginSpec::State::Running || !spec->isSoftLoadable())
+            return false;
+
+        // Is the current plugin in the list of plugins to load?
+        if (plugins.contains(spec))
+            return true;
+
+        // Is the current plugin a dependency of any of the plugins we want to load?
+        return plugins.contains(spec) || Utils::anyOf(plugins, [spec](PluginSpec *other) {
+                   return other->requiresAny({spec});
+               });
     });
+
     std::queue<PluginSpec *> localDelayedInitializeQueue;
     for (PluginSpec *spec : queue)
         loadPlugin(spec, PluginSpec::Loaded);
@@ -1434,12 +1437,12 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPluginsAtRuntime(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugin
                           [this](PluginSpec *spec) { loadPlugin(spec, PluginSpec::Running); });
     Utils::reverseForeach(queue, [](PluginSpec *spec) {
         if (spec->state() == PluginSpec::Running) {
-            const bool delay = spec->d->delayedInitialize();
+            const bool delay = spec->delayedInitialize();
             if (delay)
                 QCoreApplication::processEvents(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);
         } else {
             // Plugin initialization failed, so cleanup after it
-            spec->d->kill();
+            spec->kill();
         }
     });
     emit q->pluginsChanged();
@@ -1456,7 +1459,7 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::shutdown()
         shutdownEventLoop->exec();
     }
     deleteAll();
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
     if (PluginManager::isScenarioRunning("TestModelManagerInterface")) {
         qDebug() << "Point 2: Expect the next call to Point 3 triggers a crash";
         QThread::sleep(5);
@@ -1473,11 +1476,11 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::shutdown()
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-const QVector<PluginSpec *> PluginManagerPrivate::loadQueue()
+const PluginSpecs PluginManagerPrivate::loadQueue()
 {
-    QVector<PluginSpec *> queue;
+    PluginSpecs queue;
     for (PluginSpec *spec : std::as_const(pluginSpecs)) {
-        QVector<PluginSpec *> circularityCheckQueue;
+        PluginSpecs circularityCheckQueue;
         loadQueue(spec, queue, circularityCheckQueue);
     }
     return queue;
@@ -1487,24 +1490,24 @@ const QVector<PluginSpec *> PluginManagerPrivate::loadQueue()
     \internal
 */
 bool PluginManagerPrivate::loadQueue(PluginSpec *spec,
-                                     QVector<PluginSpec *> &queue,
-                                     QVector<PluginSpec *> &circularityCheckQueue)
+                                     PluginSpecs &queue,
+                                     PluginSpecs &circularityCheckQueue)
 {
     if (queue.contains(spec))
         return true;
     // check for circular dependencies
     if (circularityCheckQueue.contains(spec)) {
-        spec->d->hasError = true;
-        spec->d->errorString = Tr::tr("Circular dependency detected:");
-        spec->d->errorString += QLatin1Char('\n');
+        QString errorString = Tr::tr("Circular dependency detected:");
+        errorString += QLatin1Char('\n');
         int index = circularityCheckQueue.indexOf(spec);
         for (int i = index; i < circularityCheckQueue.size(); ++i) {
             const PluginSpec *depSpec = circularityCheckQueue.at(i);
-            spec->d->errorString.append(Tr::tr("%1 (%2) depends on")
-                                        .arg(depSpec->name(), depSpec->version()));
-            spec->d->errorString += QLatin1Char('\n');
+            errorString.append(
+                Tr::tr("%1 (%2) depends on").arg(depSpec->name(), depSpec->version()));
+            errorString += QLatin1Char('\n');
         }
-        spec->d->errorString.append(Tr::tr("%1 (%2)").arg(spec->name(), spec->version()));
+        errorString.append(Tr::tr("%1 (%2)").arg(spec->name(), spec->version()));
+        spec->setError(errorString);
         return false;
     }
     circularityCheckQueue.append(spec);
@@ -1523,10 +1526,9 @@ bool PluginManagerPrivate::loadQueue(PluginSpec *spec,
             continue;
         PluginSpec *depSpec = it.value();
         if (!loadQueue(depSpec, queue, circularityCheckQueue)) {
-            spec->d->hasError = true;
-            spec->d->errorString =
+            spec->setError(
                 Tr::tr("Cannot load plugin because dependency failed to load: %1 (%2)\nReason: %3")
-                    .arg(depSpec->name(), depSpec->version(), depSpec->errorString());
+                    .arg(depSpec->name(), depSpec->version(), depSpec->errorString()));
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -1619,9 +1621,9 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::checkForProblematicPlugins()
             dialog.addButton(Tr::tr("Continue"), QMessageBox::RejectRole);
             dialog.exec();
             if (dialog.clickedButton() == disableButton) {
-                spec->d->setForceDisabled(true);
+                spec->setForceDisabled(true);
                 for (PluginSpec *other : dependents)
-                    other->d->setForceDisabled(true);
+                    other->setForceDisabled(true);
                 enableDependenciesIndirectly();
             }
         }
@@ -1664,15 +1666,15 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPlugin(PluginSpec *spec, PluginSpec::State destSt
     case PluginSpec::Running: {
         NANOTRACE_SCOPE(specName, specName + "::extensionsInitialized");
         profilingReport(">initializeExtensions", spec);
-        spec->d->initializeExtensions();
+        spec->initializeExtensions();
         profilingReport("<initializeExtensions",
                         spec,
-                        &spec->d->performanceData.extensionsInitialized);
+                        &spec->performanceData().extensionsInitialized);
         return;
     }
     case PluginSpec::Deleted:
         profilingReport(">delete", spec);
-        spec->d->kill();
+        spec->kill();
         profilingReport("<delete", spec);
         return;
     default:
@@ -1686,10 +1688,10 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPlugin(PluginSpec *spec, PluginSpec::State destSt
                 continue;
             PluginSpec *depSpec = it.value();
             if (depSpec->state() != destState) {
-                spec->d->hasError = true;
-                spec->d->errorString =
-                    Tr::tr("Cannot load plugin because dependency failed to load: %1(%2)\nReason: %3")
-                        .arg(depSpec->name(), depSpec->version(), depSpec->errorString());
+                spec->setError(
+                    Tr::tr(
+                        "Cannot load plugin because dependency failed to load: %1(%2)\nReason: %3")
+                        .arg(depSpec->name(), depSpec->version(), depSpec->errorString()));
                 return;
             }
         }
@@ -1698,20 +1700,20 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPlugin(PluginSpec *spec, PluginSpec::State destSt
     case PluginSpec::Loaded: {
         NANOTRACE_SCOPE(specName, specName + "::load");
         profilingReport(">loadLibrary", spec);
-        spec->d->loadLibrary();
-        profilingReport("<loadLibrary", spec, &spec->d->performanceData.load);
+        spec->loadLibrary();
+        profilingReport("<loadLibrary", spec, &spec->performanceData().load);
         break;
     }
     case PluginSpec::Initialized: {
         NANOTRACE_SCOPE(specName, specName + "::initialize");
         profilingReport(">initializePlugin", spec);
-        spec->d->initializePlugin();
-        profilingReport("<initializePlugin", spec, &spec->d->performanceData.initialize);
+        spec->initializePlugin();
+        profilingReport("<initializePlugin", spec, &spec->performanceData().initialize);
         break;
     }
     case PluginSpec::Stopped:
         profilingReport(">stop", spec);
-        if (spec->d->stop() == IPlugin::AsynchronousShutdown) {
+        if (spec->stop() == IPlugin::AsynchronousShutdown) {
             asynchronousPlugins << spec;
             connect(spec->plugin(), &IPlugin::asynchronousShutdownFinished, this, [this, spec] {
                 asynchronousPlugins.remove(spec);
@@ -1729,7 +1731,7 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::loadPlugin(PluginSpec *spec, PluginSpec::State destSt
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-void PluginManagerPrivate::setPluginPaths(const QStringList &paths)
+void PluginManagerPrivate::setPluginPaths(const FilePaths &paths)
 {
     qCDebug(pluginLog) << "Plugin search paths:" << paths;
     qCDebug(pluginLog) << "Required IID:" << pluginIID;
@@ -1738,60 +1740,40 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::setPluginPaths(const QStringList &paths)
     readPluginPaths();
 }
 
-static const QStringList pluginFiles(const QStringList &pluginPaths)
+static const FilePaths pluginFiles(const FilePaths &pluginPaths)
 {
-    QStringList pluginFiles;
-    QStringList searchPaths = pluginPaths;
+    FilePaths pluginFiles;
+    FilePaths searchPaths = pluginPaths;
     while (!searchPaths.isEmpty()) {
-        const QDir dir(searchPaths.takeFirst());
-        const QFileInfoList files = dir.entryInfoList(QDir::Files | QDir::NoSymLinks);
-        const QStringList absoluteFilePaths = Utils::transform(files, &QFileInfo::absoluteFilePath);
-        pluginFiles += Utils::filtered(absoluteFilePaths, [](const QString &path) { return QLibrary::isLibrary(path); });
-        const QFileInfoList dirs = dir.entryInfoList(QDir::Dirs|QDir::NoDotAndDotDot);
-        searchPaths += Utils::transform(dirs, &QFileInfo::absoluteFilePath);
+        const FilePath dir = searchPaths.takeFirst().absoluteFilePath();
+        const FilePaths files = dir.dirEntries(QDir::Files | QDir::NoSymLinks);
+        pluginFiles += Utils::filtered(files, [](const FilePath &path) {
+            return QLibrary::isLibrary(path.toFSPathString());
+        });
+        const FilePaths dirs = dir.dirEntries(QDir::Dirs | QDir::NoDotAndDotDot);
+        searchPaths += dirs;
     }
     return pluginFiles;
 }
 
-/*!
-    \internal
-*/
-void PluginManagerPrivate::readPluginPaths()
+void PluginManagerPrivate::addPlugins(const PluginSpecs &specs)
 {
-    qDeleteAll(pluginSpecs);
-    pluginSpecs.clear();
-    pluginCategories.clear();
-
-    // default
-    pluginCategories.insert(QString(), QVector<PluginSpec *>());
-
-    // from the file system
-    for (const QString &pluginFile : pluginFiles(pluginPaths)) {
-        PluginSpec *spec = PluginSpec::read(pluginFile);
-        if (spec) // Qt Creator plugin
-            pluginSpecs.append(spec);
-    }
-    // static
-    for (const QStaticPlugin &plugin : QPluginLoader::staticPlugins()) {
-        PluginSpec *spec = PluginSpec::read(plugin);
-        if (spec) // Qt Creator plugin
-            pluginSpecs.append(spec);
-    }
+    pluginSpecs += specs;
 
-    for (PluginSpec *spec : pluginSpecs) {
+    for (PluginSpec *spec : specs) {
         // defaultDisabledPlugins and defaultEnabledPlugins from install settings
         // is used to override the defaults read from the plugin spec
         if (spec->isEnabledByDefault() && defaultDisabledPlugins.contains(spec->name())) {
-            spec->d->setEnabledByDefault(false);
-            spec->d->setEnabledBySettings(false);
+            spec->setEnabledByDefault(false);
+            spec->setEnabledBySettings(false);
         } else if (!spec->isEnabledByDefault() && defaultEnabledPlugins.contains(spec->name())) {
-            spec->d->setEnabledByDefault(true);
-            spec->d->setEnabledBySettings(true);
+            spec->setEnabledByDefault(true);
+            spec->setEnabledBySettings(true);
         }
         if (!spec->isEnabledByDefault() && forceEnabledPlugins.contains(spec->name()))
-            spec->d->setEnabledBySettings(true);
+            spec->setEnabledBySettings(true);
         if (spec->isEnabledByDefault() && disabledPlugins.contains(spec->name()))
-            spec->d->setEnabledBySettings(false);
+            spec->setEnabledBySettings(false);
 
         pluginCategories[spec->category()].append(spec);
     }
@@ -1803,21 +1785,50 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::readPluginPaths()
     emit q->pluginsChanged();
 }
 
+/*!
+    \internal
+*/
+void PluginManagerPrivate::readPluginPaths()
+{
+    PluginSpecs newSpecs;
+
+    // from the file system
+    for (const FilePath &pluginFile : pluginFiles(pluginPaths)) {
+        expected_str<PluginSpec *> spec = readCppPluginSpec(pluginFile);
+        if (!spec) {
+            qCInfo(pluginLog).noquote() << QString("Ignoring plugin \"%1\" because: %2")
+                                               .arg(pluginFile.toUserOutput())
+                                               .arg(spec.error());
+            continue;
+        }
+        newSpecs.append(*spec);
+    }
+
+    // static
+    for (const QStaticPlugin &plugin : QPluginLoader::staticPlugins()) {
+        expected_str<PluginSpec *> spec = readCppPluginSpec(plugin);
+        QTC_ASSERT_EXPECTED(spec, continue);
+        newSpecs.append(*spec);
+    }
+
+    addPlugins(newSpecs);
+}
+
 void PluginManagerPrivate::resolveDependencies()
 {
     for (PluginSpec *spec : std::as_const(pluginSpecs))
-        spec->d->resolveDependencies(pluginSpecs);
+        spec->resolveDependencies(pluginSpecs);
 }
 
 void PluginManagerPrivate::enableDependenciesIndirectly()
 {
     for (PluginSpec *spec : std::as_const(pluginSpecs))
-        spec->d->enabledIndirectly = false;
+        spec->setEnabledIndirectly(false);
     // cannot use reverse loadQueue here, because test dependencies can introduce circles
-    QVector<PluginSpec *> queue = Utils::filtered(pluginSpecs, &PluginSpec::isEffectivelyEnabled);
+    PluginSpecs queue = Utils::filtered(pluginSpecs, &PluginSpec::isEffectivelyEnabled);
     while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
         PluginSpec *spec = queue.takeFirst();
-        queue += spec->d->enableDependenciesIndirectly(containsTestSpec(spec));
+        queue += spec->enableDependenciesIndirectly(containsTestSpec(spec));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1888,11 +1899,11 @@ void PluginManagerPrivate::profilingReport(const char *what, const PluginSpec *s
 QString PluginManagerPrivate::profilingSummary(qint64 *totalOut) const
 {
     QString summary;
-    const QVector<PluginSpec *> specs = Utils::sorted(pluginSpecs,
-                                                      [](PluginSpec *s1, PluginSpec *s2) {
-                                                          return s1->performanceData().total()
-                                                                 < s2->performanceData().total();
-                                                      });
+    const PluginSpecs specs = Utils::sorted(pluginSpecs,
+                                            [](PluginSpec *s1, PluginSpec *s2) {
+                                                return s1->performanceData().total()
+                                                       < s2->performanceData().total();
+                                            });
     const qint64 total
         = std::accumulate(specs.constBegin(), specs.constEnd(), 0, [](qint64 t, PluginSpec *s) {
               return t + s->performanceData().total();
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager.h b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager.h
index a38f3c3fe7..68bba7a83c 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager.h
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "extensionsystem_global.h"
 
 #include <aggregation/aggregate.h>
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
 #include <utils/qtcsettings.h>
 
 #include <QObject>
@@ -15,8 +16,6 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 class QTextStream;
 QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
-namespace Utils { class FutureSynchronizer; }
-
 namespace ExtensionSystem {
 class IPlugin;
 class PluginSpec;
@@ -69,8 +68,8 @@ public:
     static QVector<PluginSpec *> loadQueue();
     static void loadPlugins();
     static void loadPluginsAtRuntime(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins);
-    static QStringList pluginPaths();
-    static void setPluginPaths(const QStringList &paths);
+    static Utils::FilePaths pluginPaths();
+    static void setPluginPaths(const Utils::FilePaths &paths);
     static QString pluginIID();
     static void setPluginIID(const QString &iid);
     static const QVector<PluginSpec *> plugins();
@@ -82,6 +81,8 @@ public:
     static void checkForProblematicPlugins();
     static PluginSpec *specForPlugin(IPlugin *plugin);
 
+    static void addPlugins(const QVector<PluginSpec *> &specs);
+
     // Settings
     static void setSettings(Utils::QtcSettings *settings);
     static Utils::QtcSettings *settings();
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ public:
 
     static bool testRunRequested();
 
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
     static bool registerScenario(const QString &scenarioId, std::function<bool()> scenarioStarter);
     static bool isScenarioRequested();
     static bool runScenario();
@@ -136,8 +137,6 @@ public:
 
     static QString systemInformation();
 
-    static Utils::FutureSynchronizer *futureSynchronizer();
-
 signals:
     void objectAdded(QObject *obj);
     void aboutToRemoveObject(QObject *obj);
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager_p.h b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager_p.h
index 27efbf4c8f..ad9d4f81ee 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager_p.h
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginmanager_p.h
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ class PluginManager;
 
 namespace Internal {
 
-class PluginSpecPrivate;
-
 class EXTENSIONSYSTEM_TEST_EXPORT PluginManagerPrivate : public QObject
 {
 public:
@@ -52,8 +50,10 @@ public:
     void checkForProblematicPlugins();
     void loadPlugins();
     void loadPluginsAtRuntime(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins);
+    void addPlugins(const QVector<PluginSpec *> &specs);
+
     void shutdown();
-    void setPluginPaths(const QStringList &paths);
+    void setPluginPaths(const Utils::FilePaths &paths);
     const QVector<ExtensionSystem::PluginSpec *> loadQueue();
     void loadPlugin(PluginSpec *spec, PluginSpec::State destState);
     void resolveDependencies();
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public:
     QHash<QString, QVector<PluginSpec *>> pluginCategories;
     QVector<PluginSpec *> pluginSpecs;
     std::vector<TestSpec> testSpecs;
-    QStringList pluginPaths;
+    Utils::FilePaths pluginPaths;
     QString pluginIID;
     QVector<QObject *> allObjects;      // ### make this a QVector<QPointer<QObject> > > ?
     QStringList defaultDisabledPlugins; // Plugins/Ignored from install settings
@@ -119,10 +119,6 @@ public:
     PluginSpec *pluginForOption(const QString &option, bool *requiresArgument) const;
     PluginSpec *pluginByName(const QString &name) const;
 
-    // used by tests
-    static PluginSpec *createSpec();
-    static PluginSpecPrivate *privateSpec(PluginSpec *spec);
-
     static void addTestCreator(IPlugin *plugin, const std::function<QObject *()> &testCreator);
 
     mutable QReadWriteLock m_lock;
@@ -140,7 +136,6 @@ public:
     QWaitCondition m_scenarioWaitCondition;
 
     PluginManager::ProcessData m_creatorProcessData;
-    std::unique_ptr<Utils::FutureSynchronizer> m_futureSynchronizer;
 
 private:
     PluginManager *q;
@@ -155,7 +150,7 @@ private:
     void deleteAll();
     void checkForDuplicatePlugins();
 
-#ifdef WITH_TESTS
+#ifdef EXTENSIONSYSTEM_WITH_TESTOPTION
     void startTests();
 #endif
 };
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec.cpp b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec.cpp
index 49f9c680fe..d251576049 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "extensionsystemtr.h"
 #include "iplugin.h"
 #include "pluginmanager.h"
-#include "pluginspec_p.h"
 
 #include <utils/algorithm.h>
 #include <utils/hostosinfo.h>
@@ -24,7 +23,10 @@
 #include <QJsonValue>
 #include <QPluginLoader>
 
+Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(pluginSpecLog, "qtc.extensionsystem.plugin", QtWarningMsg)
+
 using namespace ExtensionSystem::Internal;
+using namespace Utils;
 
 namespace ExtensionSystem {
 
@@ -168,22 +170,78 @@ QString PluginDependency::toString() const
     return name + " (" + version + typeString(type) + ")";
 }
 
+namespace Internal {
+class PluginSpecImplPrivate
+{
+public:
+    std::optional<QPluginLoader> loader;
+    std::optional<QStaticPlugin> staticPlugin;
+
+    IPlugin *plugin = nullptr;
+};
+
+class PluginSpecPrivate
+{
+public:
+    ExtensionSystem::PerformanceData performanceData;
+
+    QString name;
+    QString version;
+    QString compatVersion;
+    QString vendor;
+    QString category;
+    QString description;
+    QString longDescription;
+    QString url;
+    QString license;
+    QString revision;
+    QString copyright;
+    QStringList arguments;
+    QRegularExpression platformSpecification;
+    QVector<ExtensionSystem::PluginDependency> dependencies;
+
+    PluginSpec::PluginArgumentDescriptions argumentDescriptions;
+    FilePath location;
+    FilePath filePath;
+
+    bool experimental{false};
+    bool deprecated{false};
+    bool required{false};
+
+    bool enabledByDefault{false};
+    bool enabledBySettings{true};
+    bool enabledIndirectly{false};
+    bool forceEnabled{false};
+    bool forceDisabled{false};
+    bool softLoadable{false};
+
+    std::optional<QString> errorString;
+
+    PluginSpec::State state;
+    QHash<PluginDependency, PluginSpec *> dependencySpecs;
+
+    QJsonObject metaData;
+
+    Utils::expected_str<void> readMetaData(const QJsonObject &metaData);
+    Utils::expected_str<void> reportError(const QString &error)
+    {
+        errorString = error;
+        return {};
+    };
+};
+} // namespace Internal
+
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-PluginSpec::PluginSpec()
-    : d(new PluginSpecPrivate(this))
-{
-}
+CppPluginSpec::CppPluginSpec()
+    : d(new PluginSpecImplPrivate)
+{}
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-PluginSpec::~PluginSpec()
-{
-    delete d;
-    d = nullptr;
-}
+CppPluginSpec::~CppPluginSpec() = default;
 
 /*!
     Returns the plugin name. This is valid after the PluginSpec::Read state is
@@ -278,10 +336,7 @@ QString PluginSpec::category() const
 
 QString PluginSpec::revision() const
 {
-    const QJsonValue revision = metaData().value("Revision");
-    if (revision.isString())
-        return revision.toString();
-    return QString();
+    return d->revision;
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -419,7 +474,7 @@ QJsonObject PluginSpec::metaData() const
     return d->metaData;
 }
 
-const PerformanceData &PluginSpec::performanceData() const
+PerformanceData &PluginSpec::performanceData() const
 {
     return d->performanceData;
 }
@@ -436,7 +491,7 @@ PluginSpec::PluginArgumentDescriptions PluginSpec::argumentDescriptions() const
 /*!
     Returns the absolute path to the directory containing the plugin.
 */
-QString PluginSpec::location() const
+FilePath PluginSpec::location() const
 {
     return d->location;
 }
@@ -444,7 +499,7 @@ QString PluginSpec::location() const
 /*!
     Returns the absolute path to the plugin.
 */
-QString PluginSpec::filePath() const
+FilePath PluginSpec::filePath() const
 {
     return d->filePath;
 }
@@ -491,7 +546,7 @@ PluginSpec::State PluginSpec::state() const
 */
 bool PluginSpec::hasError() const
 {
-    return d->hasError;
+    return d->errorString.has_value();
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -500,18 +555,21 @@ bool PluginSpec::hasError() const
 */
 QString PluginSpec::errorString() const
 {
-    return d->errorString;
+    return d->errorString.value_or(QString());
 }
 
 /*!
-    Returns whether this plugin can be used to fill in a dependency of the given
-    \a pluginName and \a version.
+    Returns whether the plugin \a spec can be used to fill the \a dependency of this plugin.
 
-        \sa PluginSpec::dependencies()
+    \sa PluginSpec::dependencies()
 */
-bool PluginSpec::provides(const QString &pluginName, const QString &version) const
+bool PluginSpec::provides(PluginSpec *spec, const PluginDependency &dependency) const
 {
-    return d->provides(pluginName, version);
+    if (QString::compare(dependency.name, spec->name(), Qt::CaseInsensitive) != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    return (versionCompare(spec->version(), dependency.version) >= 0)
+           && (versionCompare(spec->compatVersion(), dependency.version) <= 0);
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -519,7 +577,7 @@ bool PluginSpec::provides(const QString &pluginName, const QString &version) con
     already been successfully loaded. That is, the PluginSpec::Loaded state
     is reached.
 */
-IPlugin *PluginSpec::plugin() const
+IPlugin *CppPluginSpec::plugin() const
 {
     return d->plugin;
 }
@@ -548,6 +606,11 @@ bool PluginSpec::requiresAny(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins) const
     return false;
 }
 
+void PluginSpec::setEnabledByDefault(bool value)
+{
+    d->enabledByDefault = value;
+}
+
 /*!
     Sets whether the plugin should be loaded at startup to \a value.
 
@@ -555,27 +618,44 @@ bool PluginSpec::requiresAny(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins) const
 */
 void PluginSpec::setEnabledBySettings(bool value)
 {
-    d->setEnabledBySettings(value);
+    d->enabledBySettings = value;
 }
-
-PluginSpec *PluginSpec::read(const QString &filePath)
+void PluginSpec::setEnabledIndirectly(bool value)
 {
-    auto spec = new PluginSpec;
-    if (!spec->d->read(filePath)) { // not a Qt Creator plugin
-        delete spec;
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    return spec;
+    d->enabledIndirectly = value;
+}
+void PluginSpec::setForceDisabled(bool value)
+{
+    if (value)
+        d->forceEnabled = false;
+    d->forceDisabled = value;
+}
+void PluginSpec::setForceEnabled(bool value)
+{
+    if (value)
+        d->forceDisabled = false;
+    d->forceEnabled = value;
 }
 
-PluginSpec *PluginSpec::read(const QStaticPlugin &plugin)
+// returns the plugins that it actually indirectly enabled
+PluginSpecs PluginSpec::enableDependenciesIndirectly(bool enableTestDependencies)
 {
-    auto spec = new PluginSpec;
-    if (!spec->d->read(plugin)) { // not a Qt Creator plugin
-        delete spec;
-        return nullptr;
+    if (!isEffectivelyEnabled()) // plugin not enabled, nothing to do
+        return {};
+
+    PluginSpecs enabled;
+    for (auto it = d->dependencySpecs.cbegin(), end = d->dependencySpecs.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
+        if (it.key().type != PluginDependency::Required
+            && (!enableTestDependencies || it.key().type != PluginDependency::Test))
+            continue;
+
+        PluginSpec *dependencySpec = it.value();
+        if (!dependencySpec->isEffectivelyEnabled()) {
+            dependencySpec->setEnabledIndirectly(true);
+            enabled << dependencySpec;
+        }
     }
-    return spec;
+    return enabled;
 }
 
 //==========PluginSpecPrivate==================
@@ -610,112 +690,46 @@ namespace {
     const char ARGUMENT_PARAMETER[] = "Parameter";
     const char ARGUMENT_DESCRIPTION[] = "Description";
 }
-/*!
-    \internal
-*/
-PluginSpecPrivate::PluginSpecPrivate(PluginSpec *spec)
-    : q(spec)
-{}
-
-void PluginSpecPrivate::reset()
-{
-    name.clear();
-    version.clear();
-    compatVersion.clear();
-    vendor.clear();
-    copyright.clear();
-    license.clear();
-    description.clear();
-    longDescription.clear();
-    url.clear();
-    category.clear();
-    location.clear();
-    filePath.clear();
-    state = PluginSpec::Invalid;
-    hasError = false;
-    errorString.clear();
-    dependencies.clear();
-    metaData = QJsonObject();
-    loader.reset();
-    staticPlugin.reset();
-}
 
 /*!
     \internal
     Returns false if the file does not represent a Qt Creator plugin.
 */
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::read(const QString &fileName)
-{
-    qCDebug(pluginLog) << "\nReading meta data of" << fileName;
-    reset();
-    QFileInfo fileInfo(fileName);
-    location = fileInfo.absolutePath();
-    filePath = fileInfo.absoluteFilePath();
-    loader.emplace();
-    if (Utils::HostOsInfo::isMacHost())
-        loader->setLoadHints(QLibrary::ExportExternalSymbolsHint);
-    loader->setFileName(filePath);
-    if (loader->fileName().isEmpty()) {
-        qCDebug(pluginLog) << "Cannot open file";
-        return false;
-    }
+expected_str<PluginSpec *> readCppPluginSpec(const FilePath &fileName)
+{
+    auto spec = new CppPluginSpec;
 
-    if (!readMetaData(loader->metaData()))
-        return false;
+    const FilePath absPath = fileName.absoluteFilePath();
 
-    state = PluginSpec::Read;
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::read(const QStaticPlugin &plugin)
-{
-    qCDebug(pluginLog) << "\nReading meta data of static plugin";
-    reset();
-    staticPlugin = plugin;
-    if (!readMetaData(plugin.metaData()))
-        return false;
+    spec->setLocation(absPath.parentDir());
+    spec->setFilePath(absPath);
+    spec->d->loader.emplace();
 
-    state = PluginSpec::Read;
-    return true;
-}
+    if (Utils::HostOsInfo::isMacHost())
+        spec->d->loader->setLoadHints(QLibrary::ExportExternalSymbolsHint);
 
-void PluginSpecPrivate::setEnabledBySettings(bool value)
-{
-    enabledBySettings = value;
-}
+    spec->d->loader->setFileName(absPath.toFSPathString());
+    if (spec->d->loader->fileName().isEmpty())
+        return make_unexpected(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Cannot open file"));
 
-void PluginSpecPrivate::setEnabledByDefault(bool value)
-{
-    enabledByDefault = value;
-}
+    expected_str<void> r = spec->readMetaData(spec->d->loader->metaData());
+    if (!r)
+        return make_unexpected(r.error());
 
-void PluginSpecPrivate::setForceEnabled(bool value)
-{
-    forceEnabled = value;
-    if (value)
-        forceDisabled = false;
+    return spec;
 }
 
-void PluginSpecPrivate::setForceDisabled(bool value)
+expected_str<PluginSpec *> readCppPluginSpec(const QStaticPlugin &plugin)
 {
-    if (value)
-        forceEnabled = false;
-    forceDisabled = value;
-}
+    auto spec = new CppPluginSpec;
 
-void PluginSpecPrivate::setSoftLoadable(bool value)
-{
-    softLoadable = value;
-}
+    qCDebug(pluginLog) << "\nReading meta data of static plugin";
+    spec->d->staticPlugin = plugin;
+    expected_str<void> r = spec->readMetaData(plugin.metaData());
+    if (!r)
+        return make_unexpected(r.error());
 
-/*!
-    \internal
-*/
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::reportError(const QString &err)
-{
-    errorString = err;
-    hasError = true;
-    return true;
+    return spec;
 }
 
 static inline QString msgValueMissing(const char *key)
@@ -725,58 +739,67 @@ static inline QString msgValueMissing(const char *key)
 
 static inline QString msgValueIsNotAString(const char *key)
 {
-    return Tr::tr("Value for key \"%1\" is not a string")
-            .arg(QLatin1String(key));
+    return Tr::tr("Value for key \"%1\" is not a string").arg(QLatin1String(key));
 }
 
 static inline QString msgValueIsNotABool(const char *key)
 {
-    return Tr::tr("Value for key \"%1\" is not a bool")
-            .arg(QLatin1String(key));
+    return Tr::tr("Value for key \"%1\" is not a bool").arg(QLatin1String(key));
 }
 
 static inline QString msgValueIsNotAObjectArray(const char *key)
 {
-    return Tr::tr("Value for key \"%1\" is not an array of objects")
-            .arg(QLatin1String(key));
+    return Tr::tr("Value for key \"%1\" is not an array of objects").arg(QLatin1String(key));
 }
 
 static inline QString msgValueIsNotAMultilineString(const char *key)
 {
     return Tr::tr("Value for key \"%1\" is not a string and not an array of strings")
-            .arg(QLatin1String(key));
+        .arg(QLatin1String(key));
 }
 
 static inline QString msgInvalidFormat(const char *key, const QString &content)
 {
-    return Tr::tr("Value \"%2\" for key \"%1\" has invalid format")
-            .arg(QLatin1String(key), content);
+    return Tr::tr("Value \"%2\" for key \"%1\" has invalid format").arg(QLatin1String(key), content);
+}
+
+Utils::expected_str<void> PluginSpec::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &metaData)
+{
+    return d->readMetaData(metaData);
+}
+Utils::expected_str<void> PluginSpec::reportError(const QString &error)
+{
+    return d->reportError(error);
 }
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData)
+expected_str<void> CppPluginSpec::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData)
 {
-    qCDebug(pluginLog) << "MetaData:" << QJsonDocument(pluginMetaData).toJson();
+    qCDebug(pluginLog).noquote() << "MetaData:" << QJsonDocument(pluginMetaData).toJson();
     QJsonValue value;
     value = pluginMetaData.value(QLatin1String("IID"));
-    if (!value.isString()) {
-        qCDebug(pluginLog) << "Not a plugin (no string IID found)";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (value.toString() != PluginManager::pluginIID()) {
-        qCDebug(pluginLog) << "Plugin ignored (IID does not match)";
-        return false;
-    }
+    if (!value.isString())
+        return make_unexpected(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("No IID found"));
+
+    if (value.toString() != PluginManager::pluginIID())
+        return make_unexpected(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Expected IID \"%1\", but found \"%2\"")
+                                   .arg(PluginManager::pluginIID())
+                                   .arg(value.toString()));
 
     value = pluginMetaData.value(QLatin1String(PLUGIN_METADATA));
-    if (!value.isObject()) {
+    if (!value.isObject())
         return reportError(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Plugin meta data not found"));
-    }
-    metaData = value.toObject();
 
-    value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(PLUGIN_NAME));
+    return PluginSpec::readMetaData(value.toObject());
+}
+
+Utils::expected_str<void> PluginSpecPrivate::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &data)
+{
+    metaData = data;
+
+    QJsonValue value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(PLUGIN_NAME));
     if (value.isUndefined())
         return reportError(msgValueMissing(PLUGIN_NAME));
     if (!value.isString())
@@ -789,14 +812,14 @@ bool PluginSpecPrivate::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData)
     if (!value.isString())
         return reportError(msgValueIsNotAString(PLUGIN_VERSION));
     version = value.toString();
-    if (!isValidVersion(version))
+    if (!PluginSpec::isValidVersion(version))
         return reportError(msgInvalidFormat(PLUGIN_VERSION, version));
 
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(PLUGIN_COMPATVERSION));
     if (!value.isUndefined() && !value.isString())
         return reportError(msgValueIsNotAString(PLUGIN_COMPATVERSION));
     compatVersion = value.toString(version);
-    if (!value.isUndefined() && !isValidVersion(compatVersion))
+    if (!value.isUndefined() && !PluginSpec::isValidVersion(compatVersion))
         return reportError(msgInvalidFormat(PLUGIN_COMPATVERSION, compatVersion));
 
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(PLUGIN_REQUIRED));
@@ -820,11 +843,9 @@ bool PluginSpecPrivate::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData)
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(PLUGIN_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT));
     if (!value.isUndefined() && !value.isBool())
         return reportError(msgValueIsNotABool(PLUGIN_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT));
-    enabledByDefault = !value.toBool(false);
+    enabledByDefault = !value.toBool(experimental || deprecated);
     qCDebug(pluginLog) << "enabledByDefault =" << enabledByDefault;
 
-    if (experimental || deprecated)
-        enabledByDefault = false;
     enabledBySettings = enabledByDefault;
 
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(PLUGIN_SOFTLOADABLE));
@@ -844,11 +865,11 @@ bool PluginSpecPrivate::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData)
     copyright = value.toString();
 
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(DESCRIPTION));
-    if (!value.isUndefined() && !Utils::readMultiLineString(value, &description))
+    if (!value.isUndefined() && !readMultiLineString(value, &description))
         return reportError(msgValueIsNotAString(DESCRIPTION));
 
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(LONGDESCRIPTION));
-    if (!value.isUndefined() && !Utils::readMultiLineString(value, &longDescription))
+    if (!value.isUndefined() && !readMultiLineString(value, &longDescription))
         return reportError(msgValueIsNotAString(LONGDESCRIPTION));
 
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(URL));
@@ -862,9 +883,14 @@ bool PluginSpecPrivate::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData)
     category = value.toString();
 
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(LICENSE));
-    if (!value.isUndefined() && !Utils::readMultiLineString(value, &license))
+    if (!value.isUndefined() && !readMultiLineString(value, &license))
         return reportError(msgValueIsNotAMultilineString(LICENSE));
 
+    value = metaData.value("Revision");
+    if (!value.isUndefined() && !value.isString())
+        return reportError(msgValueIsNotAString("Revision"));
+    revision = value.toString();
+
     value = metaData.value(QLatin1String(PLATFORM));
     if (!value.isUndefined() && !value.isString())
         return reportError(msgValueIsNotAString(PLATFORM));
@@ -906,7 +932,7 @@ bool PluginSpecPrivate::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData)
                         .arg(msgValueIsNotAString(DEPENDENCY_VERSION)));
             }
             dep.version = value.toString();
-            if (!isValidVersion(dep.version)) {
+            if (!PluginSpec::isValidVersion(dep.version)) {
                 return reportError(
                     ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Dependency: %1")
                         .arg(msgInvalidFormat(DEPENDENCY_VERSION, dep.version)));
@@ -987,23 +1013,15 @@ bool PluginSpecPrivate::readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData)
         }
     }
 
-    return true;
-}
+    state = PluginSpec::Read;
 
-/*!
-    \internal
-*/
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::provides(const QString &pluginName, const QString &pluginVersion) const
-{
-    if (QString::compare(pluginName, name, Qt::CaseInsensitive) != 0)
-        return false;
-    return (versionCompare(version, pluginVersion) >= 0) && (versionCompare(compatVersion, pluginVersion) <= 0);
+    return {};
 }
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-const QRegularExpression &PluginSpecPrivate::versionRegExp()
+static const QRegularExpression &versionRegExp()
 {
     static const QRegularExpression reg("^([0-9]+)(?:[.]([0-9]+))?(?:[.]([0-9]+))?(?:_([0-9]+))?$");
     return reg;
@@ -1011,7 +1029,7 @@ const QRegularExpression &PluginSpecPrivate::versionRegExp()
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::isValidVersion(const QString &version)
+bool PluginSpec::isValidVersion(const QString &version)
 {
     return versionRegExp().match(version).hasMatch();
 }
@@ -1019,7 +1037,7 @@ bool PluginSpecPrivate::isValidVersion(const QString &version)
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-int PluginSpecPrivate::versionCompare(const QString &version1, const QString &version2)
+int PluginSpec::versionCompare(const QString &version1, const QString &version2)
 {
     const QRegularExpressionMatch match1 = versionRegExp().match(version1);
     const QRegularExpressionMatch match2 = versionRegExp().match(version2);
@@ -1041,196 +1059,206 @@ int PluginSpecPrivate::versionCompare(const QString &version1, const QString &ve
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::resolveDependencies(const QVector<PluginSpec *> &specs)
+bool PluginSpec::resolveDependencies(const PluginSpecs &specs)
 {
-    if (hasError)
+    if (hasError())
         return false;
-    if (state == PluginSpec::Resolved)
-        state = PluginSpec::Read; // Go back, so we just re-resolve the dependencies.
-    if (state != PluginSpec::Read) {
-        errorString = ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Resolving dependencies failed because state != Read");
-        hasError = true;
+    if (state() > PluginSpec::Resolved)
+        return true; // We are resolved already.
+    if (state() == PluginSpec::Resolved)
+        setState(PluginSpec::Read); // Go back, so we just re-resolve the dependencies.
+    if (state() != PluginSpec::Read) {
+        setError(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Resolving dependencies failed because state != Read"));
         return false;
     }
+
     QHash<PluginDependency, PluginSpec *> resolvedDependencies;
-    for (const PluginDependency &dependency : std::as_const(dependencies)) {
-        PluginSpec * const found = Utils::findOrDefault(specs, [&dependency](PluginSpec *spec) {
-            return spec->provides(dependency.name, dependency.version);
+    for (const PluginDependency &dependency : d->dependencies) {
+        PluginSpec *const found = findOrDefault(specs, [this, &dependency](PluginSpec *spec) {
+            return provides(spec, dependency);
         });
         if (!found) {
             if (dependency.type == PluginDependency::Required) {
-                hasError = true;
-                if (!errorString.isEmpty())
-                    errorString.append(QLatin1Char('\n'));
-                errorString.append(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Could not resolve dependency '%1(%2)'")
-                    .arg(dependency.name, dependency.version));
+                const QString error = ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
+                                          "Could not resolve dependency '%1(%2)'")
+                                          .arg(dependency.name, dependency.version);
+                if (hasError())
+                    setError(errorString() + '\n' + error);
+                else
+                    setError(error);
             }
             continue;
         }
         resolvedDependencies.insert(dependency, found);
     }
-    if (hasError)
+    if (hasError())
         return false;
 
-    dependencySpecs = resolvedDependencies;
+    d->dependencySpecs = resolvedDependencies;
 
-    state = PluginSpec::Resolved;
+    d->state = PluginSpec::Resolved;
 
     return true;
 }
 
-// returns the plugins that it actually indirectly enabled
-QVector<PluginSpec *> PluginSpecPrivate::enableDependenciesIndirectly(bool enableTestDependencies)
+PluginSpec::PluginSpec()
+    : d(new PluginSpecPrivate())
+{}
+
+PluginSpec::~PluginSpec() = default;
+
+void PluginSpec::setState(State state)
 {
-    if (!q->isEffectivelyEnabled()) // plugin not enabled, nothing to do
-        return {};
-    QVector<PluginSpec *> enabled;
-    for (auto it = dependencySpecs.cbegin(), end = dependencySpecs.cend(); it != end; ++it) {
-        if (it.key().type != PluginDependency::Required
-                && (!enableTestDependencies || it.key().type != PluginDependency::Test))
-            continue;
-        PluginSpec *dependencySpec = it.value();
-        if (!dependencySpec->isEffectivelyEnabled()) {
-            dependencySpec->d->enabledIndirectly = true;
-            enabled << dependencySpec;
-        }
-    }
-    return enabled;
+    d->state = state;
+}
+
+void PluginSpec::setLocation(const FilePath &location)
+{
+    d->location = location;
+}
+
+void PluginSpec::setFilePath(const FilePath &filePath)
+{
+    d->filePath = filePath;
+}
+
+void PluginSpec::setError(const QString &errorString)
+{
+    qCWarning(pluginSpecLog).noquote() << "[" << name() << "]"
+                                       << "Plugin error:" << errorString;
+    d->errorString = errorString;
 }
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::loadLibrary()
+bool CppPluginSpec::loadLibrary()
 {
-    if (hasError)
+    if (hasError())
         return false;
-    if (state != PluginSpec::Resolved) {
-        if (state == PluginSpec::Loaded)
+
+    if (state() != PluginSpec::Resolved) {
+        if (state() == PluginSpec::Loaded)
             return true;
-        errorString =
-            ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Loading the library failed because state != Resolved");
-        hasError = true;
+        setError(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Loading the library failed because state != Resolved"));
         return false;
     }
-    if (loader && !loader->load()) {
-        hasError = true;
-        errorString = QDir::toNativeSeparators(filePath) + QString::fromLatin1(": ")
-                      + loader->errorString();
+    if (d->loader && !d->loader->load()) {
+        setError(filePath().toUserOutput() + QString::fromLatin1(": ") + d->loader->errorString());
         return false;
     }
-    auto *pluginObject = loader ? qobject_cast<IPlugin *>(loader->instance())
-                                : qobject_cast<IPlugin *>(staticPlugin->instance());
+    auto *pluginObject = d->loader ? qobject_cast<IPlugin *>(d->loader->instance())
+                                   : qobject_cast<IPlugin *>(d->staticPlugin->instance());
     if (!pluginObject) {
-        hasError = true;
-        errorString =
-            ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Plugin is not valid (does not derive from IPlugin)");
-        if (loader)
-            loader->unload();
+        setError(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Plugin is not valid (does not derive from IPlugin)"));
+        if (d->loader)
+            d->loader->unload();
         return false;
     }
-    state = PluginSpec::Loaded;
-    plugin = pluginObject;
+    setState(PluginSpec::Loaded);
+    d->plugin = pluginObject;
     return true;
 }
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::initializePlugin()
+bool CppPluginSpec::initializePlugin()
 {
-    if (hasError)
+    if (hasError())
         return false;
-    if (state != PluginSpec::Loaded) {
-        if (state == PluginSpec::Initialized)
+
+    if (state() != PluginSpec::Loaded) {
+        if (state() == PluginSpec::Initialized)
             return true;
-        errorString = ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
-            "Initializing the plugin failed because state != Loaded");
-        hasError = true;
+        setError(
+            ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Initializing the plugin failed because state != Loaded"));
         return false;
     }
-    if (!plugin) {
-        errorString = ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
-            "Internal error: have no plugin instance to initialize");
-        hasError = true;
+    if (!d->plugin) {
+        setError(
+            ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Internal error: have no plugin instance to initialize"));
         return false;
     }
     QString err;
-    if (!plugin->initialize(arguments, &err)) {
-        errorString = ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Plugin initialization failed: %1").arg(err);
-        hasError = true;
+    if (!d->plugin->initialize(arguments(), &err)) {
+        setError(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr("Plugin initialization failed: %1").arg(err));
         return false;
     }
-    state = PluginSpec::Initialized;
+    setState(PluginSpec::Initialized);
     return true;
 }
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::initializeExtensions()
+bool CppPluginSpec::initializeExtensions()
 {
-    if (hasError)
+    if (hasError())
         return false;
-    if (state != PluginSpec::Initialized) {
-        if (state == PluginSpec::Running)
+
+    if (state() != PluginSpec::Initialized) {
+        if (state() == PluginSpec::Running)
             return true;
-        errorString = ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
-            "Cannot perform extensionsInitialized because state != Initialized");
-        hasError = true;
+        setError(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
+            "Cannot perform extensionsInitialized because state != Initialized"));
         return false;
     }
-    if (!plugin) {
-        errorString = ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
-            "Internal error: have no plugin instance to perform extensionsInitialized");
-        hasError = true;
+    if (!d->plugin) {
+        setError(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
+            "Internal error: have no plugin instance to perform extensionsInitialized"));
         return false;
     }
-    plugin->extensionsInitialized();
-    state = PluginSpec::Running;
+    d->plugin->extensionsInitialized();
+    setState(PluginSpec::Running);
     return true;
 }
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-bool PluginSpecPrivate::delayedInitialize()
+bool CppPluginSpec::delayedInitialize()
 {
-    if (hasError)
-        return false;
-    if (state != PluginSpec::Running)
+    if (hasError())
+        return true;
+
+    if (state() != PluginSpec::Running)
         return false;
-    if (!plugin) {
-        errorString = ::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
-            "Internal error: have no plugin instance to perform delayedInitialize");
-        hasError = true;
+    if (!d->plugin) {
+        setError(::ExtensionSystem::Tr::tr(
+            "Internal error: have no plugin instance to perform delayedInitialize"));
         return false;
     }
-    const bool res =  plugin->delayedInitialize();
+    const bool res = d->plugin->delayedInitialize();
     return res;
 }
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-IPlugin::ShutdownFlag PluginSpecPrivate::stop()
+IPlugin::ShutdownFlag CppPluginSpec::stop()
 {
-    if (!plugin)
+    if (hasError())
+        return IPlugin::ShutdownFlag::SynchronousShutdown;
+
+    if (!d->plugin)
         return IPlugin::SynchronousShutdown;
-    state = PluginSpec::Stopped;
-    return plugin->aboutToShutdown();
+    setState(PluginSpec::Stopped);
+    return d->plugin->aboutToShutdown();
 }
 
 /*!
     \internal
 */
-void PluginSpecPrivate::kill()
+void CppPluginSpec::kill()
 {
-    if (!plugin)
+    if (hasError())
         return;
-    delete plugin;
-    plugin = nullptr;
-    state = PluginSpec::Deleted;
-}
 
-} // ExtensionSystem
+    if (!d->plugin)
+        return;
+    delete d->plugin;
+    d->plugin = nullptr;
+    setState(PluginSpec::Deleted);
+}
+} // namespace ExtensionSystem
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec.h b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec.h
index 8db6bb4411..e9a771d4a9 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec.h
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec.h
@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@
 
 #include "extensionsystem_global.h"
 
+#include "iplugin.h"
+
+#include <utils/expected.h>
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QHash>
 #include <QStaticPlugin>
 #include <QString>
@@ -14,30 +19,31 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 class QRegularExpression;
 QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
+class tst_PluginSpec;
+
 namespace ExtensionSystem {
 
 namespace Internal {
 
 class OptionsParser;
-class PluginSpecPrivate;
+class PluginSpecImplPrivate;
 class PluginManagerPrivate;
+class PluginSpecPrivate;
 
 } // Internal
 
-class IPlugin;
 class PluginView;
 
 struct EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT PluginDependency
 {
-    enum Type {
-        Required,
-        Optional,
-        Test
-    };
+    enum Type { Required, Optional, Test };
 
     PluginDependency() : type(Required) {}
-
-    friend size_t qHash(const PluginDependency &value);
+    PluginDependency(const QString &name, const QString &version, Type type = Required)
+        : name(name)
+        , version(version)
+        , type(type)
+    {}
 
     QString name;
     QString version;
@@ -46,6 +52,8 @@ struct EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT PluginDependency
     QString toString() const;
 };
 
+size_t EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT qHash(const PluginDependency &value);
+
 struct EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT PluginArgumentDescription
 {
     QString name;
@@ -71,79 +79,137 @@ struct EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT PerformanceData
     }
 };
 
+using PluginSpecs = QList<class PluginSpec *>;
+
 class EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT PluginSpec
 {
-public:
-    enum State { Invalid, Read, Resolved, Loaded, Initialized, Running, Stopped, Deleted};
+    friend class ::tst_PluginSpec;
+    friend class Internal::PluginManagerPrivate;
+    friend class Internal::OptionsParser;
 
-    ~PluginSpec();
-
-    // information from the xml file, valid after 'Read' state is reached
-    QString name() const;
-    QString version() const;
-    QString compatVersion() const;
-    QString vendor() const;
-    QString copyright() const;
-    QString license() const;
-    QString description() const;
-    QString longDescription() const;
-    QString url() const;
-    QString category() const;
-    QString revision() const;
-    QRegularExpression platformSpecification() const;
-    bool isAvailableForHostPlatform() const;
-    bool isRequired() const;
-    bool isExperimental() const;
-    bool isDeprecated() const;
-    bool isEnabledByDefault() const;
-    bool isEnabledBySettings() const;
-    bool isEffectivelyEnabled() const;
-    bool isEnabledIndirectly() const;
-    bool isForceEnabled() const;
-    bool isForceDisabled() const;
-    bool isSoftLoadable() const;
-    QVector<PluginDependency> dependencies() const;
-    QJsonObject metaData() const;
-    const PerformanceData &performanceData() const;
+public:
+    PluginSpec();
+    virtual ~PluginSpec();
 
     using PluginArgumentDescriptions = QVector<PluginArgumentDescription>;
-    PluginArgumentDescriptions argumentDescriptions() const;
+    enum State { Invalid, Read, Resolved, Loaded, Initialized, Running, Stopped, Deleted};
 
-    // other information, valid after 'Read' state is reached
-    QString location() const;
-    QString filePath() const;
+    // information read from the plugin, valid after 'Read' state is reached
+    virtual QString name() const;
+    virtual QString version() const;
+    virtual QString compatVersion() const;
+    virtual QString vendor() const;
+    virtual QString copyright() const;
+    virtual QString license() const;
+    virtual QString description() const;
+    virtual QString longDescription() const;
+    virtual QString url() const;
+    virtual QString category() const;
+    virtual QString revision() const;
+    virtual QRegularExpression platformSpecification() const;
+
+    virtual bool isAvailableForHostPlatform() const;
+    virtual bool isRequired() const;
+    virtual bool isExperimental() const;
+    virtual bool isDeprecated() const;
+    virtual bool isEnabledByDefault() const;
+    virtual bool isEnabledBySettings() const;
+    virtual bool isEffectivelyEnabled() const;
+    virtual bool isEnabledIndirectly() const;
+    virtual bool isForceEnabled() const;
+    virtual bool isForceDisabled() const;
+    virtual bool isSoftLoadable() const;
+
+    virtual QVector<PluginDependency> dependencies() const;
+    virtual QJsonObject metaData() const;
+    virtual PerformanceData &performanceData() const;
+    virtual PluginArgumentDescriptions argumentDescriptions() const;
+    virtual Utils::FilePath location() const;
+    virtual Utils::FilePath filePath() const;
+    virtual QStringList arguments() const;
+    virtual void setArguments(const QStringList &arguments);
+    virtual void addArgument(const QString &argument);
+    virtual QHash<PluginDependency, PluginSpec *> dependencySpecs() const;
+
+    virtual bool provides(PluginSpec *spec, const PluginDependency &dependency) const;
+    virtual bool requiresAny(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins) const;
+    virtual PluginSpecs enableDependenciesIndirectly(bool enableTestDependencies);
+    virtual bool resolveDependencies(const PluginSpecs &pluginSpecs);
+
+    virtual IPlugin *plugin() const = 0;
+    virtual State state() const;
+    virtual bool hasError() const;
+    virtual QString errorString() const;
+
+    static bool isValidVersion(const QString &version);
+    static int versionCompare(const QString &version1, const QString &version2);
+
+    virtual void setEnabledBySettings(bool value);
+
+protected:
+    virtual void setEnabledByDefault(bool value);
+    virtual void setEnabledIndirectly(bool value);
+    virtual void setForceDisabled(bool value);
+    virtual void setForceEnabled(bool value);
+
+    virtual bool loadLibrary() = 0;
+    virtual bool initializePlugin() = 0;
+    virtual bool initializeExtensions() = 0;
+    virtual bool delayedInitialize() = 0;
+    virtual IPlugin::ShutdownFlag stop() = 0;
+    virtual void kill() = 0;
+
+    virtual void setError(const QString &errorString);
+
+protected:
+    virtual void setState(State state);
+
+    virtual void setLocation(const Utils::FilePath &location);
+    virtual void setFilePath(const Utils::FilePath &filePath);
+    virtual Utils::expected_str<void> readMetaData(const QJsonObject &metaData);
+    Utils::expected_str<void> reportError(const QString &error);
 
-    QStringList arguments() const;
-    void setArguments(const QStringList &arguments);
-    void addArgument(const QString &argument);
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<Internal::PluginSpecPrivate> d;
+};
 
-    bool provides(const QString &pluginName, const QString &version) const;
+EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT Utils::expected_str<PluginSpec *> readCppPluginSpec(
+    const Utils::FilePath &filePath);
+EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT Utils::expected_str<PluginSpec *> readCppPluginSpec(
+    const QStaticPlugin &plugin);
 
-    // dependency specs, valid after 'Resolved' state is reached
-    QHash<PluginDependency, PluginSpec *> dependencySpecs() const;
-    bool requiresAny(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins) const;
+class EXTENSIONSYSTEM_TEST_EXPORT CppPluginSpec : public PluginSpec
+{
+    friend EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT Utils::expected_str<PluginSpec *> readCppPluginSpec(
+        const Utils::FilePath &filePath);
+    friend EXTENSIONSYSTEM_EXPORT Utils::expected_str<PluginSpec *> readCppPluginSpec(
+        const QStaticPlugin &plugin);
+
+public:
+    ~CppPluginSpec() override;
 
     // linked plugin instance, valid after 'Loaded' state is reached
-    IPlugin *plugin() const;
+    IPlugin *plugin() const override;
 
-    // state
-    State state() const;
-    bool hasError() const;
-    QString errorString() const;
+    bool loadLibrary() override;
+    bool initializePlugin() override;
+    bool initializeExtensions() override;
+    bool delayedInitialize() override;
+    IPlugin::ShutdownFlag stop() override;
+    void kill() override;
 
-    void setEnabledBySettings(bool value);
+    Utils::expected_str<void> readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData) override;
 
-    static PluginSpec *read(const QString &filePath);
-    static PluginSpec *read(const QStaticPlugin &plugin);
+protected:
+    CppPluginSpec();
 
 private:
-    PluginSpec();
-
-    Internal::PluginSpecPrivate *d;
+    std::unique_ptr<Internal::PluginSpecImplPrivate> d;
     friend class PluginView;
     friend class Internal::OptionsParser;
     friend class Internal::PluginManagerPrivate;
-    friend class Internal::PluginSpecPrivate;
+    friend class Internal::PluginSpecImplPrivate;
+    friend class ::tst_PluginSpec;
 };
 
 } // namespace ExtensionSystem
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec_p.h b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec_p.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 61832213ca..0000000000
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginspec_p.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "pluginspec.h"
-#include "iplugin.h"
-
-#include <QJsonObject>
-#include <QObject>
-#include <QPluginLoader>
-#include <QRegularExpression>
-#include <QStringList>
-#include <QVector>
-#include <QXmlStreamReader>
-
-#include <optional>
-
-namespace ExtensionSystem {
-
-class IPlugin;
-
-namespace Internal {
-
-class EXTENSIONSYSTEM_TEST_EXPORT PluginSpecPrivate : public QObject
-{
-    Q_OBJECT
-
-public:
-    PluginSpecPrivate(PluginSpec *spec);
-
-    void reset();
-    bool read(const QString &fileName);
-    bool read(const QStaticPlugin &plugin);
-    bool provides(const QString &pluginName, const QString &version) const;
-    bool resolveDependencies(const QVector<PluginSpec *> &specs);
-    bool loadLibrary();
-    bool initializePlugin();
-    bool initializeExtensions();
-    bool delayedInitialize();
-    IPlugin::ShutdownFlag stop();
-    void kill();
-
-    void setEnabledBySettings(bool value);
-    void setEnabledByDefault(bool value);
-    void setForceEnabled(bool value);
-    void setForceDisabled(bool value);
-    void setSoftLoadable(bool value);
-
-    std::optional<QPluginLoader> loader;
-    std::optional<QStaticPlugin> staticPlugin;
-
-    QString name;
-    QString version;
-    QString compatVersion;
-    bool required = false;
-    bool experimental = false;
-    bool enabledByDefault = true;
-    bool deprecated = false;
-    QString vendor;
-    QString copyright;
-    QString license;
-    QString description;
-    QString longDescription;
-    QString url;
-    QString category;
-    QRegularExpression platformSpecification;
-    QVector<PluginDependency> dependencies;
-    QJsonObject metaData;
-    bool enabledBySettings = true;
-    bool enabledIndirectly = false;
-    bool forceEnabled = false;
-    bool forceDisabled = false;
-    bool softLoadable = false;
-
-    QString location;
-    QString filePath;
-    QStringList arguments;
-
-    QHash<PluginDependency, PluginSpec *> dependencySpecs;
-    PluginSpec::PluginArgumentDescriptions argumentDescriptions;
-    IPlugin *plugin = nullptr;
-
-    QList<TestCreator> registeredPluginTests;
-
-    PluginSpec::State state = PluginSpec::Invalid;
-    bool hasError = false;
-    QString errorString;
-
-    PerformanceData performanceData;
-
-    static bool isValidVersion(const QString &version);
-    static int versionCompare(const QString &version1, const QString &version2);
-
-    QVector<PluginSpec *> enableDependenciesIndirectly(bool enableTestDependencies = false);
-
-    bool readMetaData(const QJsonObject &pluginMetaData);
-
-private:
-    PluginSpec *q;
-
-    bool reportError(const QString &err);
-    static const QRegularExpression &versionRegExp();
-};
-
-} // namespace Internal
-} // namespace ExtensionSystem
diff --git a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginview.cpp b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginview.cpp
index 40738be487..0c6aeb2dff 100644
--- a/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginview.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/extensionsystem/pluginview.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "extensionsystemtr.h"
 #include "pluginmanager.h"
-#include "pluginspec_p.h"
+#include "pluginspec.h"
 
 #include <utils/algorithm.h>
 #include <utils/categorysortfiltermodel.h>
@@ -50,8 +50,9 @@
 */
 
 /*!
-    \fn void ExtensionSystem::PluginView::pluginSettingsChanged(ExtensionSystem::PluginSpec *spec)
-    The settings for the plugin list entry corresponding to \a spec changed.
+    \fn void ExtensionSystem::PluginView::pluginsChanged(const QSet<ExtensionSystem::PluginSpec *> &spec, bool enabled)
+    The value of \a enabled for the plugin list entry corresponding to \a spec
+    changed.
 */
 
 using namespace Utils;
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ public:
                     toolTip = Tr::tr("Path: %1\nPlugin is disabled by command line argument.");
                 else
                     toolTip = Tr::tr("Path: %1");
-                return toolTip.arg(QDir::toNativeSeparators(m_spec->filePath()));
+                return toolTip.arg(m_spec->filePath().toUserOutput());
             }
             if (role == Qt::DecorationRole) {
                 bool ok = !m_spec->hasError();
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ public:
 class CollectionItem : public TreeItem
 {
 public:
-    CollectionItem(const QString &name, const QVector<PluginSpec *> &plugins, PluginView *view)
+    CollectionItem(const QString &name, const PluginSpecs &plugins, PluginView *view)
         : m_name(name)
         , m_plugins(plugins)
         , m_view(view)
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ public:
     bool setData(int column, const QVariant &data, int role) override
     {
         if (column == LoadedColumn && role == Qt::CheckStateRole) {
-            const QVector<PluginSpec *> affectedPlugins
+            const PluginSpecs affectedPlugins
                 = Utils::filtered(m_plugins, [](PluginSpec *spec) { return !spec->isRequired(); });
             if (m_view->setPluginsEnabled(toSet(affectedPlugins), data.toBool())) {
                 update();
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ public:
 
 public:
     QString m_name;
-    const QVector<PluginSpec *> m_plugins;
+    const PluginSpecs m_plugins;
     PluginView *m_view; // Not owned.
 };
 
@@ -346,7 +347,7 @@ void PluginView::updatePlugins()
     // Model.
     m_model->clear();
 
-    const QHash<QString, QVector<PluginSpec *>> pluginCollections
+    const QHash<QString, PluginSpecs> pluginCollections
         = PluginManager::pluginCollections();
     std::vector<CollectionItem *> collections;
     const auto end = pluginCollections.cend();
@@ -416,8 +417,8 @@ bool PluginView::setPluginsEnabled(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins, bool enabl
         });
         QTC_ASSERT(item, continue);
         if (m_affectedPlugins.find(spec) == m_affectedPlugins.end())
-            m_affectedPlugins[spec] = spec->d->enabledBySettings;
-        spec->d->setEnabledBySettings(enable);
+            m_affectedPlugins[spec] = spec->isEnabledBySettings();
+        spec->setEnabledBySettings(enable);
         item->updateColumn(LoadedColumn);
         item->parent()->updateColumn(LoadedColumn);
     }
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ bool PluginView::setPluginsEnabled(const QSet<PluginSpec *> &plugins, bool enabl
 void PluginView::cancelChanges()
 {
     for (auto element : m_affectedPlugins)
-        element.first->d->setEnabledBySettings(element.second);
+        element.first->setEnabledBySettings(element.second);
 }
 
 } // namespace ExtensionSystem
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/CMakeLists.txt
index a3031413a4..0261046016 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -22,5 +22,6 @@ add_qtc_library(LanguageServerProtocol
     servercapabilities.cpp servercapabilities.h
     shutdownmessages.cpp shutdownmessages.h
     textsynchronization.cpp textsynchronization.h
+    typehierarchy.cpp typehierarchy.h
     workspace.cpp workspace.h
 )
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/callhierarchy.cpp b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/callhierarchy.cpp
index 4b19d71fa8..49b789c28a 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/callhierarchy.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/callhierarchy.cpp
@@ -25,4 +25,9 @@ CallHierarchyOutgoingCallsRequest::CallHierarchyOutgoingCallsRequest(
     : Request(methodName, params)
 {}
 
+std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> CallHierarchyItem::symbolTags() const
+{
+    return Internal::getSymbolTags(*this);
+}
+
 } // namespace LanguageServerProtocol
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/callhierarchy.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/callhierarchy.h
index 1cc022d6d1..27e241b8ba 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/callhierarchy.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/callhierarchy.h
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ public:
     SymbolKind symbolKind() const { return SymbolKind(typedValue<int>(kindKey)); }
     void setSymbolKind(const SymbolKind &symbolKind) { insert(kindKey, int(symbolKind)); }
 
+    std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> symbolTags() const;
+
     Range range() const { return typedValue<Range>(rangeKey); }
     void setRange(const Range &range) { insert(rangeKey, range); }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/clientcapabilities.cpp b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/clientcapabilities.cpp
index acae7ad554..60ea4523fd 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/clientcapabilities.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/clientcapabilities.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,20 @@ void SymbolCapabilities::SymbolKindCapabilities::setValueSet(const QList<SymbolK
     insert(valueSetKey, enumArrayToJsonArray<SymbolKind>(valueSet));
 }
 
+std::optional<QList<SymbolTag> > SymbolCapabilities::SymbolTagCapabilities::valueSet() const
+{
+    if (std::optional<QList<int>> array = optionalArray<int>(valueSetKey)) {
+        return std::make_optional(
+            Utils::transform(*array, [](int value) { return static_cast<SymbolTag>(value); }));
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+void SymbolCapabilities::SymbolTagCapabilities::setValueSet(const QList<SymbolTag> &valueSet)
+{
+    insert(valueSetKey, enumArrayToJsonArray<SymbolTag>(valueSet));
+}
+
 WorkspaceClientCapabilities::WorkspaceClientCapabilities()
 {
     setWorkspaceFolders(true);
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/clientcapabilities.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/clientcapabilities.h
index 367e1b3fe4..91c9954cd7 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/clientcapabilities.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/clientcapabilities.h
@@ -131,12 +131,31 @@ public:
         void clearValueSet() { remove(valueSetKey); }
     };
 
+    class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT SymbolTagCapabilities : public JsonObject
+    {
+    public:
+        using JsonObject::JsonObject;
+
+        /*
+         * The client supports tags on `SymbolInformation` and `WorkspaceSymbol`.
+         * Clients supporting tags have to handle unknown tags gracefully.
+         */
+        std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> valueSet() const;
+        void setValueSet(const QList<SymbolTag> &valueSet);
+        void clearValueSet() { remove(valueSetKey); }
+    };
+
     // Specific capabilities for the `SymbolKind` in the `workspace/symbol` request.
     std::optional<SymbolKindCapabilities> symbolKind() const
     { return optionalValue<SymbolKindCapabilities>(symbolKindKey); }
     void setSymbolKind(const SymbolKindCapabilities &symbolKind) { insert(symbolKindKey, symbolKind); }
     void clearSymbolKind() { remove(symbolKindKey); }
 
+    std::optional<SymbolTagCapabilities> symbolTag() const
+    { return optionalValue<SymbolTagCapabilities>(tagSupportKey); }
+    void setSymbolTag(const SymbolTagCapabilities &symbolTag) { insert(tagSupportKey, symbolTag); }
+    void clearSymbolTag() { remove(tagSupportKey); }
+
     std::optional<bool> hierarchicalDocumentSymbolSupport() const
     { return optionalValue<bool>(hierarchicalDocumentSymbolSupportKey); }
     void setHierarchicalDocumentSymbolSupport(bool hierarchicalDocumentSymbolSupport)
@@ -510,6 +529,12 @@ public:
     void setCallHierarchy(const DynamicRegistrationCapabilities &callHierarchy)
     { insert(callHierarchyKey, callHierarchy); }
     void clearCallHierarchy() { remove(callHierarchyKey); }
+
+    std::optional<DynamicRegistrationCapabilities> typeHierarchy() const
+    { return optionalValue<DynamicRegistrationCapabilities>(typeHierarchyKey); }
+    void setTypeHierarchy(const DynamicRegistrationCapabilities &typeHierarchy)
+    { insert(typeHierarchyKey, typeHierarchy); }
+    void clearTypeHierarchy() { remove(typeHierarchyKey); }
 };
 
 class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT SemanticTokensWorkspaceClientCapabilities : public JsonObject
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonkeys.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonkeys.h
index 236d28bfda..37894f166e 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonkeys.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonkeys.h
@@ -193,10 +193,12 @@ constexpr Key startKey{"start"};
 constexpr Key supportedKey{"supported"};
 constexpr Key symbolKey{"symbol"};
 constexpr Key symbolKindKey{"symbolKind"};
+constexpr Key symbolTagKey{"symbolTag"};
 constexpr Key syncKindKey{"syncKind"};
 constexpr Key synchronizationKey{"synchronization"};
 constexpr Key tabSizeKey{"tabSize"};
 constexpr Key tagsKey{"tags"};
+constexpr Key tagSupportKey{"tagSupport"};
 constexpr Key targetKey{"target"};
 constexpr Key textDocumentKey{"textDocument"};
 constexpr Key textDocumentSyncKey{"textDocumentSync"};
@@ -216,6 +218,8 @@ constexpr Key trimTrailingWhitespaceKey{"trimTrailingWhitespace"};
 constexpr Key typeDefinitionKey{"typeDefinition"};
 constexpr Key typeDefinitionProviderKey{"typeDefinitionProvider"};
 constexpr Key typeKey{"type"};
+constexpr Key typeHierarchyKey{"typeHierarchy"};
+constexpr Key typeHierarchyProviderKey{"typeHierarchyProvider"};
 constexpr Key unregistrationsKey{"unregistrations"};
 constexpr Key uriKey{"uri"};
 constexpr Key valueKey{"value"};
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonobject.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonobject.h
index 178e74e5ad..ce2ad50a40 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonobject.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonobject.h
@@ -10,26 +10,11 @@
 #include <QDebug>
 #include <QJsonObject>
 
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 4, 0)
 #include <QLatin1StringView>
-#else
-#include <QLatin1String>
-#endif
 
 namespace LanguageServerProtocol {
 
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 4, 0)
 using Key = QLatin1StringView;
-#else
-class Key : public QLatin1String
-{
-public:
-    using QLatin1String::QLatin1String;
-    constexpr inline explicit Key(const char *s) noexcept
-        : QLatin1String(s, std::char_traits<char>::length(s))
-    {}
-};
-#endif
 
 class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT JsonObject
 {
@@ -108,7 +93,8 @@ private:
 template<typename T, typename V>
 JsonObject::iterator JsonObject::insertVariant(const Key key, const V &variant)
 {
-    return std::holds_alternative<T>(variant) ? insert(key, std::get<T>(variant)) : end();
+    const auto v = std::get_if<T>(&variant);
+    return v ? insert(key, *v) : end();
 }
 
 template<typename T1, typename T2, typename... Args, typename V>
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonrpcmessages.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonrpcmessages.h
index 680bff9578..a794f7f819 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonrpcmessages.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/jsonrpcmessages.h
@@ -68,19 +68,19 @@ public:
 private:
     friend size_t qHash(const MessageId &id)
     {
-        if (std::holds_alternative<int>(id))
-            return QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qHash(std::get<int>(id)));
-        if (std::holds_alternative<QString>(id))
-            return QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qHash(std::get<QString>(id)));
+        if (const int *iid = std::get_if<int>(&id))
+            return QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qHash(*iid));
+        if (const QString *sid = std::get_if<QString>(&id))
+            return QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qHash(*sid));
         return QT_PREPEND_NAMESPACE(qHash(0));
     }
 
     friend QDebug operator<<(QDebug stream, const MessageId &id)
     {
-        if (std::holds_alternative<int>(id))
-            stream << std::get<int>(id);
+        if (const int *iid = std::get_if<int>(&id))
+            stream << *iid;
         else
-            stream << std::get<QString>(id);
+            stream << *std::get_if<QString>(&id);
         return stream;
     }
 };
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languagefeatures.cpp b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languagefeatures.cpp
index dcf076bd03..0c76a3b1c0 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languagefeatures.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languagefeatures.cpp
@@ -261,6 +261,12 @@ DocumentHighlightsResult::DocumentHighlightsResult(const QJsonValue &value)
     }
 }
 
+template<>
+MarkedString fromJsonValue<MarkedString>(const QJsonValue &value)
+{
+    return MarkedString(value);
+}
+
 MarkedString::MarkedString(const QJsonValue &value)
 {
     if (value.isObject())
@@ -303,8 +309,8 @@ HoverContent::HoverContent(const QJsonValue &value)
 
 bool HoverContent::isValid() const
 {
-    if (std::holds_alternative<MarkedString>(*this))
-        return std::get<MarkedString>(*this).isValid();
+    if (const auto s = std::get_if<MarkedString>(this))
+        return s->isValid();
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languagefeatures.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languagefeatures.h
index e5ca9df31d..6a60ec3612 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languagefeatures.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languagefeatures.h
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ public:
     operator QJsonValue() const;
 };
 
+template<>
+LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT MarkedString fromJsonValue<MarkedString>(const QJsonValue &value);
+
 class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT HoverContent
     : public std::variant<MarkedString, QList<MarkedString>, MarkupContent>
 {
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languageserverprotocol.qbs b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languageserverprotocol.qbs
index 0368ceafee..2bf717c293 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languageserverprotocol.qbs
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/languageserverprotocol.qbs
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ QtcLibrary {
         "shutdownmessages.h",
         "textsynchronization.cpp",
         "textsynchronization.h",
+        "typehierarchy.cpp",
+        "typehierarchy.h",
         "workspace.cpp",
         "workspace.h",
     ]
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsptypes.cpp b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsptypes.cpp
index ddd9b0e66c..1bc8707572 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsptypes.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsptypes.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "languageserverprotocoltr.h"
 #include "lsputils.h"
 
+#include <utils/algorithm.h>
 #include <utils/textutils.h>
 
 #include <QFile>
@@ -100,10 +101,10 @@ MarkupOrString::MarkupOrString(const QJsonValue &val)
 
 QJsonValue MarkupOrString::toJson() const
 {
-    if (std::holds_alternative<QString>(*this))
-        return std::get<QString>(*this);
-    if (std::holds_alternative<MarkupContent>(*this))
-        return QJsonValue(std::get<MarkupContent>(*this));
+    if (const auto s = std::get_if<QString>(this))
+        return *s;
+    if (const auto c = std::get_if<MarkupContent>(this))
+        return QJsonValue(*c);
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -487,4 +488,27 @@ bool DeleteFileOperation::isValid() const
     return contains(uriKey) && value(kindKey) == "delete";
 }
 
+namespace Internal {
+std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> getSymbolTags(const JsonObject &o)
+{
+    const QJsonObject &obj = o;
+    const QJsonValue &val = obj.value(tagsKey);
+    if (val.isUndefined() || !val.isArray())
+        return std::nullopt;
+
+    return Utils::transform<QList<SymbolTag>>(val.toArray(), [](const QJsonValue &v) {
+        return static_cast<SymbolTag>(v.toInt());
+    });
+}
+} // namespace Internal
+
+std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> SymbolInformation::symbolTags() const
+{
+    return Internal::getSymbolTags(*this);
+}
+
+std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> DocumentSymbol::symbolTags() const
+{
+    return Internal::getSymbolTags(*this);
+}
 } // namespace LanguageServerProtocol
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsptypes.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsptypes.h
index ae19f36145..6e25fcb49d 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsptypes.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsptypes.h
@@ -574,6 +574,13 @@ public:
     { return contains(uriKey) && contains(nameKey); }
 };
 
+enum class SymbolTag {
+    Deprecated = 1,
+};
+namespace Internal {
+std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> getSymbolTags(const JsonObject &o);
+} // namespace Internal
+
 class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT SymbolInformation : public JsonObject
 {
 public:
@@ -585,6 +592,8 @@ public:
     int kind() const { return typedValue<int>(kindKey); }
     void setKind(int kind) { insert(kindKey, kind); }
 
+    std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> symbolTags() const;
+
     std::optional<bool> deprecated() const { return optionalValue<bool>(deprecatedKey); }
     void setDeprecated(bool deprecated) { insert(deprecatedKey, deprecated); }
     void clearDeprecated() { remove(deprecatedKey); }
@@ -616,6 +625,8 @@ public:
     int kind() const { return typedValue<int>(kindKey); }
     void setKind(int kind) { insert(kindKey, kind); }
 
+    std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> symbolTags() const;
+
     std::optional<bool> deprecated() const { return optionalValue<bool>(deprecatedKey); }
     void setDeprecated(bool deprecated) { insert(deprecatedKey, deprecated); }
     void clearDeprecated() { remove(deprecatedKey); }
@@ -693,4 +704,4 @@ enum Kind {
 };
 } // namespace CompletionItemKind
 
-} // namespace LanguageClient
+} // namespace LanguageServerProtocol
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsputils.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsputils.h
index 0c815bafd8..a5178f813f 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsputils.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/lsputils.h
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public:
         if (value.isArray()) {
             QList<T> values;
             values.reserve(value.toArray().count());
-            for (auto arrayValue : value.toArray())
+            for (const auto &arrayValue : value.toArray())
                 values << fromJsonValue<T>(arrayValue);
             *this = values;
         } else {
@@ -89,15 +89,16 @@ public:
 
     QList<T> toListOrEmpty() const
     {
-        if (std::holds_alternative<QList<T>>(*this))
-            return std::get<QList<T>>(*this);
+        if (const auto l = std::get_if<QList<T>>(this))
+            return *l;
         return {};
     }
 
     QList<T> toList() const
     {
-        QTC_ASSERT(std::holds_alternative<QList<T>>(*this), return {});
-        return std::get<QList<T>>(*this);
+        const auto l = std::get_if<QList<T>>(this);
+        QTC_ASSERT(l, return {});
+        return *l;
     }
     bool isNull() const { return std::holds_alternative<std::nullptr_t>(*this); }
 };
@@ -127,15 +128,17 @@ public:
 
     T value(const T &defaultValue = T()) const
     {
-        QTC_ASSERT(std::holds_alternative<T>(*this), return defaultValue);
-        return std::get<T>(*this);
+        const auto t = std::get_if<T>(this);
+        QTC_ASSERT(t, return defaultValue);
+        return *t;
     }
 
     template<typename Type>
     LanguageClientValue<Type> transform()
     {
-        QTC_ASSERT(!std::holds_alternative<T>(*this), return LanguageClientValue<Type>());
-        return Type(std::get<T>(*this));
+        const auto t = std::get_if<T>(this);
+        QTC_ASSERT(t, return LanguageClientValue<Type>());
+        return Type(*t);
     }
 
     bool isNull() const { return std::holds_alternative<std::nullptr_t>(*this); }
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/progresssupport.cpp b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/progresssupport.cpp
index 2ae4af1b98..ce110782dc 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/progresssupport.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/progresssupport.cpp
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ ProgressToken::ProgressToken(const QJsonValue &value)
 
 ProgressToken::operator QJsonValue() const
 {
-    if (std::holds_alternative<QString>(*this))
-        return QJsonValue(std::get<QString>(*this));
-    return QJsonValue(std::get<int>(*this));
+    if (const auto s = std::get_if<QString>(this))
+        return QJsonValue(*s);
+    return QJsonValue(*std::get_if<int>(this));
 }
 
 ProgressParams::ProgressType ProgressParams::value() const
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/servercapabilities.cpp b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/servercapabilities.cpp
index 885198d12e..b109d08687 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/servercapabilities.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/servercapabilities.cpp
@@ -189,13 +189,35 @@ void ServerCapabilities::setCallHierarchyProvider(
     const std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions> &callHierarchyProvider)
 {
     QJsonValue val;
-    if (std::holds_alternative<bool>(callHierarchyProvider))
-        val = std::get<bool>(callHierarchyProvider);
-    else if (std::holds_alternative<WorkDoneProgressOptions>(callHierarchyProvider))
-        val = QJsonObject(std::get<WorkDoneProgressOptions>(callHierarchyProvider));
+    if (const auto boolvalue = std::get_if<bool>(&callHierarchyProvider))
+        val = *boolvalue;
+    else if (const auto options = std::get_if<WorkDoneProgressOptions>(&callHierarchyProvider))
+        val = QJsonObject(*options);
     insert(callHierarchyProviderKey, val);
 }
 
+std::optional<std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions>> ServerCapabilities::typeHierarchyProvider()
+    const
+{
+    const QJsonValue &provider = value(typeHierarchyProviderKey);
+    if (provider.isBool())
+        return provider.toBool();
+    else if (provider.isObject())
+        return WorkDoneProgressOptions(provider.toObject());
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+void ServerCapabilities::setTypeHierarchyProvider(
+    const std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions> &typeHierarchyProvider)
+{
+    QJsonValue val;
+    if (const auto boolvalue = std::get_if<bool>(&typeHierarchyProvider))
+        val = *boolvalue;
+    else if (const auto options = std::get_if<WorkDoneProgressOptions>(&typeHierarchyProvider))
+        val = QJsonObject(*options);
+    insert(typeHierarchyProviderKey, val);
+}
+
 std::optional<std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions>>
 ServerCapabilities::workspaceSymbolProvider() const
 {
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/servercapabilities.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/servercapabilities.h
index c3b50dd590..32598d2afa 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/servercapabilities.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/servercapabilities.h
@@ -330,6 +330,10 @@ public:
     void setCallHierarchyProvider(const std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions> &callHierarchyProvider);
     void clearCallHierarchyProvider() { remove(callHierarchyProviderKey); }
 
+    std::optional<std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions>> typeHierarchyProvider() const;
+    void setTypeHierarchyProvider(const std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions> &typeHierarchyProvider);
+    void clearTypeHierarchyProvider() { remove(typeHierarchyProviderKey); }
+
     // The server provides workspace symbol support.
     std::optional<std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions>> workspaceSymbolProvider() const;
     void setWorkspaceSymbolProvider(std::variant<bool, WorkDoneProgressOptions> workspaceSymbolProvider);
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/typehierarchy.cpp b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/typehierarchy.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1734e25a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/typehierarchy.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0 WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#include "typehierarchy.h"
+
+namespace LanguageServerProtocol {
+
+bool TypeHierarchyItem::isValid() const
+{
+    return contains(nameKey) && contains(kindKey) && contains(uriKey) && contains(rangeKey)
+           && contains(selectionRangeKey);
+}
+std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> TypeHierarchyItem::symbolTags() const
+{
+    return Internal::getSymbolTags(*this);
+}
+
+PrepareTypeHierarchyRequest::PrepareTypeHierarchyRequest(const TextDocumentPositionParams &params)
+    : Request(methodName, params)
+{}
+TypeHierarchySupertypesRequest::TypeHierarchySupertypesRequest(const TypeHierarchyParams &params)
+    : Request(methodName, params)
+{}
+TypeHierarchySubtypesRequest::TypeHierarchySubtypesRequest(const TypeHierarchyParams &params)
+    : Request(methodName, params)
+{}
+
+} // namespace LanguageServerProtocol
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/typehierarchy.h b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/typehierarchy.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5e88c8cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/typehierarchy.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0 WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "jsonrpcmessages.h"
+
+namespace LanguageServerProtocol {
+
+class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT TypeHierarchyItem : public JsonObject
+{
+public:
+    using JsonObject::JsonObject;
+
+    QString name() const { return typedValue<QString>(nameKey); }
+    void setName(const QString &name) { insert(nameKey, name); }
+
+    SymbolKind symbolKind() const { return SymbolKind(typedValue<int>(kindKey)); }
+    void setSymbolKind(const SymbolKind &symbolKind) { insert(kindKey, int(symbolKind)); }
+
+    std::optional<QList<SymbolTag>> symbolTags() const;
+
+    std::optional<QString> detail() const { return optionalValue<QString>(detailKey); }
+    void setDetail(const QString &detail) { insert(detailKey, detail); }
+    void clearDetail() { remove(detailKey); }
+
+    DocumentUri uri() const { return DocumentUri::fromProtocol(typedValue<QString>(uriKey)); }
+    void setUri(const DocumentUri &uri) { insert(uriKey, uri); }
+
+    Range range() const { return typedValue<Range>(rangeKey); }
+    void setRange(const Range &range) { insert(rangeKey, range); }
+
+    Range selectionRange() const { return typedValue<Range>(selectionRangeKey); }
+    void setSelectionRange(Range selectionRange) { insert(selectionRangeKey, selectionRange); }
+
+    /*
+     * A data entry field that is preserved between a type hierarchy prepare and
+     * supertypes or subtypes requests. It could also be used to identify the
+     * type hierarchy in the server, helping improve the performance on
+     * resolving supertypes and subtypes.
+     */
+    std::optional<QJsonValue> data() const { return optionalValue<QJsonValue>(dataKey); }
+
+    bool isValid() const override;
+};
+
+class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT PrepareTypeHierarchyRequest : public Request<
+        LanguageClientArray<TypeHierarchyItem>, std::nullptr_t, TextDocumentPositionParams>
+{
+public:
+    explicit PrepareTypeHierarchyRequest(const TextDocumentPositionParams &params);
+    using Request::Request;
+    constexpr static const char methodName[] = "textDocument/prepareTypeHierarchy";
+};
+
+class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT TypeHierarchyParams : public JsonObject
+{
+public:
+    using JsonObject::JsonObject;
+
+    TypeHierarchyItem item() const { return typedValue<TypeHierarchyItem>(itemKey); }
+    void setItem(const TypeHierarchyItem &item) { insert(itemKey, item); }
+
+    bool isValid() const override { return contains(itemKey); }
+};
+
+class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT TypeHierarchySupertypesRequest : public Request<
+        LanguageClientArray<TypeHierarchyItem>, std::nullptr_t, TypeHierarchyParams>
+{
+public:
+    explicit TypeHierarchySupertypesRequest(const TypeHierarchyParams &params);
+    using Request::Request;
+    constexpr static const char methodName[] = "typeHierarchy/supertypes";
+};
+
+class LANGUAGESERVERPROTOCOL_EXPORT TypeHierarchySubtypesRequest
+    : public Request<LanguageClientArray<TypeHierarchyItem>, std::nullptr_t, TypeHierarchyParams>
+{
+public:
+    explicit TypeHierarchySubtypesRequest(const TypeHierarchyParams &params);
+    using Request::Request;
+    constexpr static const char methodName[] = "typeHierarchy/subtypes";
+};
+
+} // namespace LanguageServerProtocol
diff --git a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/workspace.cpp b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/workspace.cpp
index 2d49be2d5f..0d37b80934 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/workspace.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageserverprotocol/workspace.cpp
@@ -64,10 +64,11 @@ ExecuteCommandParams::ExecuteCommandParams(const Command &command)
 
 LanguageServerProtocol::WorkSpaceFolderResult::operator const QJsonValue() const
 {
-    if (!std::holds_alternative<QList<WorkSpaceFolder>>(*this))
+    const auto folders = std::get_if<QList<WorkSpaceFolder>>(this);
+    if (!folders)
         return QJsonValue::Null;
     QJsonArray array;
-    for (const auto &folder : std::get<QList<WorkSpaceFolder>>(*this))
+    for (const auto &folder : *folders)
         array.append(QJsonValue(folder));
     return array;
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/languageutils/componentversion.cpp b/src/libs/languageutils/componentversion.cpp
index 6c599e300b..edfa2c552b 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageutils/componentversion.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageutils/componentversion.cpp
@@ -6,31 +6,19 @@
 #include <QString>
 #include <QCryptographicHash>
 
-#include <limits>
-
 namespace LanguageUtils {
 
-const int ComponentVersion::NoVersion = -1;
-const int ComponentVersion::MaxVersion = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
-
-ComponentVersion::ComponentVersion()
-    : _major(NoVersion), _minor(NoVersion)
-{
-}
-
-ComponentVersion::ComponentVersion(int major, int minor)
-    : _major(major), _minor(minor)
-{
-}
+// QTC_TEMP
 
-ComponentVersion::ComponentVersion(const QString &versionString)
-    : _major(NoVersion), _minor(NoVersion)
+ComponentVersion::ComponentVersion(QStringView versionString)
+    : _major(NoVersion)
+    , _minor(NoVersion)
 {
-    int dotIdx = versionString.indexOf(QLatin1Char('.'));
+    auto dotIdx = versionString.indexOf(QLatin1Char('.'));
     if (dotIdx == -1)
         return;
     bool ok = false;
-    int maybeMajor = versionString.left(dotIdx).toInt(&ok);
+    auto maybeMajor = versionString.left(dotIdx).toInt(&ok);
     if (!ok)
         return;
     int maybeMinor = versionString.mid(dotIdx + 1).toInt(&ok);
@@ -40,15 +28,6 @@ ComponentVersion::ComponentVersion(const QString &versionString)
     _minor = maybeMinor;
 }
 
-ComponentVersion::~ComponentVersion()
-{
-}
-
-bool ComponentVersion::isValid() const
-{
-    return _major >= 0 && _minor >= 0;
-}
-
 QString ComponentVersion::toString() const
 {
     QByteArray temp;
@@ -61,40 +40,8 @@ QString ComponentVersion::toString() const
 
 void ComponentVersion::addToHash(QCryptographicHash &hash) const
 {
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&_major), sizeof(_major));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&_minor), sizeof(_minor));
-}
-
-bool operator<(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
-{
-    return lhs.majorVersion() < rhs.majorVersion()
-            || (lhs.majorVersion() == rhs.majorVersion() && lhs.minorVersion() < rhs.minorVersion());
-}
-
-bool operator<=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
-{
-    return lhs.majorVersion() < rhs.majorVersion()
-            || (lhs.majorVersion() == rhs.majorVersion() && lhs.minorVersion() <= rhs.minorVersion());
-}
-
-bool operator>(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
-{
-    return rhs < lhs;
-}
-
-bool operator>=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
-{
-    return rhs <= lhs;
-}
-
-bool operator==(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
-{
-    return lhs.majorVersion() == rhs.majorVersion() && lhs.minorVersion() == rhs.minorVersion();
-}
-
-bool operator!=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
-{
-    return !(lhs == rhs);
+    hash.addData(QByteArrayView(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&_major), sizeof(_major)));
+    hash.addData(QByteArrayView(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&_minor), sizeof(_minor)));
 }
 
 } // namespace LanguageUtils
diff --git a/src/libs/languageutils/componentversion.h b/src/libs/languageutils/componentversion.h
index 4b39e8402a..2b8311a6cb 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageutils/componentversion.h
+++ b/src/libs/languageutils/componentversion.h
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 class QCryptographicHash;
 QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
+#include <QStringView>
+
+#include <limits>
+
 namespace LanguageUtils {
 
 class LANGUAGEUTILS_EXPORT ComponentVersion
@@ -17,25 +21,56 @@ class LANGUAGEUTILS_EXPORT ComponentVersion
     int _minor;
 
 public:
-    static const int NoVersion;
-    static const int MaxVersion;
+    static constexpr int NoVersion = -1;
+    static constexpr int MaxVersion = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+
+    ComponentVersion()
+        : _major(NoVersion)
+        , _minor(NoVersion)
+    {}
 
-    ComponentVersion();
-    ComponentVersion(int major, int minor);
-    explicit ComponentVersion(const QString &versionString);
-    ~ComponentVersion();
+    ComponentVersion(int major, int minor)
+        : _major(major)
+        , _minor(minor)
+    {}
+
+    explicit ComponentVersion(QStringView versionString);
+    ~ComponentVersion() = default;
 
     int majorVersion() const { return _major; }
     int minorVersion() const { return _minor; }
 
-    friend bool LANGUAGEUTILS_EXPORT operator<(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs);
-    friend bool LANGUAGEUTILS_EXPORT operator<=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs);
-    friend bool LANGUAGEUTILS_EXPORT operator>(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs);
-    friend bool LANGUAGEUTILS_EXPORT operator>=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs);
-    friend bool LANGUAGEUTILS_EXPORT operator==(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs);
-    friend bool LANGUAGEUTILS_EXPORT operator!=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs);
+    friend bool operator<(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
+    {
+        return std::tie(lhs._major, lhs._minor) < std::tie(rhs._major, rhs._minor);
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator<=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
+    {
+        return std::tie(lhs._major, lhs._minor) <= std::tie(rhs._major, rhs._minor);
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator>(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
+    {
+        return rhs < lhs;
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator>=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
+    {
+        return rhs <= lhs;
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator==(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
+    {
+        return lhs.majorVersion() == rhs.majorVersion() && lhs.minorVersion() == rhs.minorVersion();
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator!=(const ComponentVersion &lhs, const ComponentVersion &rhs)
+    {
+        return !(lhs == rhs);
+    }
 
-    bool isValid() const;
+    bool isValid() const { return _major >= 0 && _minor >= 0; }
     QString toString() const;
     void addToHash(QCryptographicHash &hash) const;
 };
diff --git a/src/libs/languageutils/fakemetaobject.cpp b/src/libs/languageutils/fakemetaobject.cpp
index 4c553cdc7b..da7877c1b6 100644
--- a/src/libs/languageutils/fakemetaobject.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/languageutils/fakemetaobject.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,21 @@
 
 using namespace LanguageUtils;
 
+static QByteArrayView asData(const void *mem, size_t len)
+{
+    return QByteArrayView(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(mem), len);
+}
+
+static void addData(QCryptographicHash &hash, int x)
+{
+    hash.addData(asData(&x, sizeof(int)));
+}
+
+static void addData(QCryptographicHash &hash, const QString &x)
+{
+    hash.addData(asData(x.constData(), x.size() * sizeof(QChar)));
+}
+
 FakeMetaEnum::FakeMetaEnum()
 {}
 
@@ -39,15 +54,12 @@ bool FakeMetaEnum::hasKey(const QString &key) const
 
 void FakeMetaEnum::addToHash(QCryptographicHash &hash) const
 {
-    int len = m_name.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_name.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
-    len = m_keys.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
+    addData(hash, m_name.size());
+    addData(hash, m_name);
+    addData(hash, m_keys.size());
     for (const QString &key : std::as_const(m_keys)) {
-        len = key.size();
-        hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-        hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+        addData(hash, key.size());
+        addData(hash, key);
     }
 }
 
@@ -121,29 +133,23 @@ void FakeMetaMethod::setRevision(int r)
 
 void FakeMetaMethod::addToHash(QCryptographicHash &hash) const
 {
-    int len = m_name.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_name.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&m_methodAccess), sizeof(m_methodAccess));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&m_methodTy), sizeof(m_methodTy));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&m_revision), sizeof(m_revision));
-    len = m_paramNames.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
+    addData(hash, m_name.size());
+    addData(hash, m_name);
+    addData(hash, m_methodAccess);
+    addData(hash, m_methodTy);
+    addData(hash, m_revision);
+    addData(hash, m_paramNames.size());
     for (const QString &pName : std::as_const(m_paramNames)) {
-        len = pName.size();
-        hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-        hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(pName.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+        addData(hash, pName.size());
+        addData(hash, pName);
     }
-    len = m_paramTypes.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
+    addData(hash, m_paramTypes.size());
     for (const QString &pType : std::as_const(m_paramTypes)) {
-        len = pType.size();
-        hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-        hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(pType.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+        addData(hash, pType.size());
+        addData(hash, pType);
     }
-    len = m_returnType.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_returnType.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+    addData(hash, m_returnType.size());
+    addData(hash, m_returnType);
 }
 
 QString FakeMetaMethod::describe(int baseIndent) const
@@ -213,17 +219,15 @@ int FakeMetaProperty::revision() const
 
 void FakeMetaProperty::addToHash(QCryptographicHash &hash) const
 {
-    int len = m_propertyName.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_propertyName.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&m_revision), sizeof(m_revision));
+    addData(hash, m_propertyName.size());
+    addData(hash, m_propertyName);
+    addData(hash, m_revision);
     int flags = (m_isList ? (1 << 0) : 0)
             + (m_isPointer ? (1 << 1) : 0)
             + (m_isWritable ? (1 << 2) : 0);
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&flags), sizeof(flags));
-    len = m_type.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_type.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+    addData(hash, flags);
+    addData(hash, m_type.size());
+    addData(hash, m_type);
 }
 
 QString FakeMetaProperty::describe(int baseIndent) const
@@ -361,34 +365,34 @@ QByteArray FakeMetaObject::calculateFingerprint() const
 {
     QCryptographicHash hash(QCryptographicHash::Sha1);
     int len = m_className.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_className.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+    addData(hash, len);
+    addData(hash, m_className);
     len = m_attachedTypeName.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_attachedTypeName.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+    addData(hash, len);
+    addData(hash, m_attachedTypeName);
     len = m_defaultPropertyName.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_defaultPropertyName.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+    addData(hash, len);
+    addData(hash, m_defaultPropertyName);
     len = m_enumNameToIndex.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
+    addData(hash, len);
     {
         QStringList keys(m_enumNameToIndex.keys());
         keys.sort();
         for (const QString &key : std::as_const(keys)) {
             len = key.size();
-            hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-            hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+            addData(hash, len);
+            addData(hash, key);
             int value = m_enumNameToIndex.value(key);
-            hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&value), sizeof(value)); // avoid? this adds order dependency to fingerprint...
+            addData(hash, value);
             m_enums.at(value).addToHash(hash);
         }
     }
     len = m_exports.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
+    addData(hash, len);
     for (const Export &e : std::as_const(m_exports))
         e.addToHash(hash); // normalize order?
     len = m_exports.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
+    addData(hash, len);
     for (const FakeMetaMethod &m : std::as_const(m_methods))
         m.addToHash(hash); // normalize order?
     {
@@ -396,16 +400,16 @@ QByteArray FakeMetaObject::calculateFingerprint() const
         keys.sort();
         for (const QString &key : std::as_const(keys)) {
             len = key.size();
-            hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-            hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+            addData(hash, len);
+            addData(hash, key);
             int value = m_propNameToIdx.value(key);
-            hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&value), sizeof(value)); // avoid? this adds order dependency to fingerprint...
+            addData(hash, value);
             m_props.at(value).addToHash(hash);
         }
     }
     len = m_superName.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m_superName.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+    addData(hash, len);
+    addData(hash, m_superName);
 
     QByteArray res = hash.result();
     res.append('F');
@@ -540,14 +544,12 @@ bool FakeMetaObject::Export::isValid() const
 
 void FakeMetaObject::Export::addToHash(QCryptographicHash &hash) const
 {
-    int len = package.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(package.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
-    len = type.size();
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&len), sizeof(len));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(type.constData()), len * sizeof(QChar));
+    addData(hash, package.size());
+    addData(hash, package);
+    addData(hash, type.size());
+    addData(hash, type);
     version.addToHash(hash);
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&metaObjectRevision), sizeof(metaObjectRevision));
+    addData(hash, metaObjectRevision);
 }
 
 QString FakeMetaObject::Export::describe(int baseIndent) const
diff --git a/src/libs/libs.qbs b/src/libs/libs.qbs
index a6426d4ae4..aaf42e181c 100644
--- a/src/libs/libs.qbs
+++ b/src/libs/libs.qbs
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ Project {
         "utils/utils.qbs",
         "3rdparty/libptyqt/ptyqt.qbs",
         "3rdparty/libvterm/vterm.qbs",
+        "3rdparty/lua/lua.qbs",
         "3rdparty/qtkeychain/qtkeychain.qbs",
+        "3rdparty/sol2/sol2.qbs",
         "3rdparty/syntax-highlighting/syntax-highlighting.qbs",
         "3rdparty/winpty/winpty.qbs",
         "3rdparty/yaml-cpp/yaml-cpp.qbs",
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/modelinglib/CMakeLists.txt
index 27801f479a..e966b39459 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -126,12 +126,15 @@ add_qtc_library(Modeling
     qmt/model/mrelation.cpp qmt/model/mrelation.h
     qmt/model/msourceexpansion.cpp qmt/model/msourceexpansion.h
     qmt/model/mvisitor.h
+    qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.h qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.cpp
     qmt/model_ui/modeltreeviewinterface.h
     qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.cpp qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.h
     qmt/model_ui/stereotypescontroller.cpp qmt/model_ui/stereotypescontroller.h
     qmt/model_ui/treemodel.cpp qmt/model_ui/treemodel.h
     qmt/model_ui/treemodelmanager.cpp qmt/model_ui/treemodelmanager.h
+    qmt/model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.h qmt/model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.cpp
     qmt/model_widgets_ui/classmembersedit.cpp qmt/model_widgets_ui/classmembersedit.h
+    qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.h qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.cpp
     qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.cpp qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.h
     qmt/model_widgets_ui/palettebox.cpp qmt/model_widgets_ui/palettebox.h
     qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesview.cpp qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesview.h
@@ -158,6 +161,7 @@ add_qtc_library(Modeling
     qmt/style/defaultstyle.h
     qmt/style/objectvisuals.cpp qmt/style/objectvisuals.h
     qmt/style/relationstarterstyle.cpp qmt/style/relationstarterstyle.h
+    qmt/style/relationvisuals.cpp qmt/style/relationvisuals.h
     qmt/style/stylecontroller.cpp qmt/style/stylecontroller.h
     qmt/style/style.cpp
     qmt/style/styledobject.cpp qmt/style/styledobject.h
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/modelinglib.qbs b/src/libs/modelinglib/modelinglib.qbs
index 90fc1d0d98..9929bf33c0 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/modelinglib.qbs
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/modelinglib.qbs
@@ -238,6 +238,8 @@ QtcLibrary {
             "model_controller/mselection.h",
             "model_controller/mvoidvisitor.cpp",
             "model_controller/mvoidvisitor.h",
+            "model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.cpp",
+            "model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.h",
             "model_ui/modeltreeviewinterface.h",
             "model_ui/sortedtreemodel.cpp",
             "model_ui/sortedtreemodel.h",
@@ -247,8 +249,12 @@ QtcLibrary {
             "model_ui/treemodel.h",
             "model_ui/treemodelmanager.cpp",
             "model_ui/treemodelmanager.h",
+            "model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.h",
+            "model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.cpp",
             "model_widgets_ui/classmembersedit.cpp",
             "model_widgets_ui/classmembersedit.h",
+            "model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.cpp",
+            "model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.h",
             "model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.cpp",
             "model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.h",
             "model_widgets_ui/palettebox.cpp",
@@ -295,6 +301,8 @@ QtcLibrary {
             "style/objectvisuals.h",
             "style/relationstarterstyle.cpp",
             "style/relationstarterstyle.h",
+            "style/relationvisuals.cpp",
+            "style/relationvisuals.h",
             "style/style.cpp",
             "style/style.h",
             "style/stylecontroller.cpp",
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/configcontroller.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/configcontroller.cpp
index 4bb9b806c4..c584bce1c2 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/configcontroller.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/configcontroller.cpp
@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@
 
 #include "qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.h"
 
-#include <QDir>
-#include <QFileInfo>
-#include <QFile>
-
 #include <QDebug>
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+using Utils::FilePaths;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 class ConfigController::ConfigControllerPrivate
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ void ConfigController::setStereotypeController(StereotypeController *stereotypeC
     d->m_stereotypeController = stereotypeController;
 }
 
-void ConfigController::readStereotypeDefinitions(const QString &path)
+void ConfigController::readStereotypeDefinitions(const FilePath &path)
 {
     if (path.isEmpty()) {
         // TODO add error handling
@@ -54,25 +53,19 @@ void ConfigController::readStereotypeDefinitions(const QString &path)
     connect(&parser, &StereotypeDefinitionParser::toolbarParsed,
             this, &ConfigController::onToolbarParsed);
 
-    QStringList fileNames;
-    QDir dir;
-    QFileInfo fileInfo(path);
-    if (fileInfo.isFile()) {
-        dir.setPath(fileInfo.path());
-        fileNames.append(fileInfo.fileName());
-    } else if (fileInfo.isDir()) {
-        dir.setPath(path);
-        dir.setNameFilters(QStringList("*.def"));
-        fileNames = dir.entryList(QDir::Files);
+    FilePaths paths;
+    if (path.isFile()) {
+        paths.append(path);
+    } else if (path.isDir()) {
+        paths = path.dirEntries({ { "*.def" } });
     } else {
         // TODO add error handling
         return;
     }
-    for (const QString &fileName : std::as_const(fileNames)) {
-        QFile file(QFileInfo(dir, fileName).absoluteFilePath());
-        if (file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
-            QString text = QString::fromUtf8(file.readAll());
-            file.close();
+    for (const FilePath &filePath : std::as_const(paths)) {
+        auto data = filePath.fileContents();
+        if (data.has_value()) {
+            QString text = QString::fromUtf8(data.value());
             StringTextSource source;
             source.setSourceId(1);
             source.setText(text);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/configcontroller.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/configcontroller.h
index 28e6d65afc..7d8af82f6e 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/configcontroller.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/configcontroller.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QObject>
 
 namespace qmt {
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ public:
 
     void setStereotypeController(StereotypeController *stereotypeController);
 
-    void readStereotypeDefinitions(const QString &path);
+    void readStereotypeDefinitions(const Utils::FilePath &path);
 
 private:
     void onStereotypeIconParsed(const StereotypeIcon &stereotypeIcon);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/stereotypedefinitionparser.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/stereotypedefinitionparser.cpp
index b3caebb164..d81f71c500 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/stereotypedefinitionparser.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/stereotypedefinitionparser.cpp
@@ -28,12 +28,15 @@ static const int KEYWORD_WIDTH         =  6;
 static const int KEYWORD_HEIGHT        =  7;
 static const int KEYWORD_MINWIDTH      =  8;
 static const int KEYWORD_MINHEIGHT     =  9;
-static const int KEYWORD_LOCK_SIZE     = 10;
-static const int KEYWORD_DISPLAY       = 11;
-static const int KEYWORD_TEXTALIGN     = 12;
-static const int KEYWORD_BASECOLOR     = 13;
-static const int KEYWORD_SHAPE         = 14;
-static const int KEYWORD_OUTLINE       = 15;
+static const int KEYWORD_ICONWIDTH     = 10;
+static const int KEYWORD_ICONHEIGHT    = 11;
+static const int KEYWORD_LOCK_SIZE     = 12;
+static const int KEYWORD_DISPLAY       = 13;
+static const int KEYWORD_TEXTALIGN     = 14;
+static const int KEYWORD_BASECOLOR     = 15;
+static const int KEYWORD_SHAPE         = 16;
+static const int KEYWORD_OUTLINE       = 17;
+static const int KEYWORD_Z             = 18;
 
 // Shape items
 static const int KEYWORD_CIRCLE        = 30;
@@ -102,8 +105,18 @@ static const int KEYWORD_DASH          = 136;
 static const int KEYWORD_DASHDOT       = 137;
 static const int KEYWORD_DASHDOTDOT    = 138;
 static const int KEYWORD_COLOR         = 139;
-
-// Operatoren
+static const int KEYWORD_EMPHASIZED    = 140;
+
+// Shape Value Units and Origin
+static const int KEYWORD_ABS           = 150;
+static const int KEYWORD_FIX           = 151;
+static const int KEYWORD_SCALE         = 152;
+static const int KEYWORD_FRACT         = 153;
+static const int KEYWORD_ORIGIN        = 154;
+static const int KEYWORD_CENTER        = 155;
+static const int KEYWORD_SIZE          = 156;
+
+// Operators
 static const int OPERATOR_SEMICOLON    =  1;
 static const int OPERATOR_BRACE_OPEN   =  2;
 static const int OPERATOR_BRACE_CLOSE  =  3;
@@ -111,6 +124,7 @@ static const int OPERATOR_COLON        =  4;
 static const int OPERATOR_COMMA        =  5;
 static const int OPERATOR_PERIOD       =  6;
 static const int OPERATOR_MINUS        =  7;
+static const int OPERATOR_PERCENTAGE   =  8;
 
 template <typename T, typename U>
 QHash<T, U> operator<<(QHash<T, U> hash, QPair<T, U> pair) {
@@ -213,12 +227,15 @@ void StereotypeDefinitionParser::parse(ITextSource *source)
                              {"height", KEYWORD_HEIGHT},
                              {"minwidth", KEYWORD_MINWIDTH},
                              {"minheight", KEYWORD_MINHEIGHT},
+                             {"iconwidth", KEYWORD_ICONWIDTH},
+                             {"iconheight", KEYWORD_ICONHEIGHT},
                              {"locksize", KEYWORD_LOCK_SIZE},
                              {"display", KEYWORD_DISPLAY},
                              {"textalignment", KEYWORD_TEXTALIGN},
                              {"basecolor", KEYWORD_BASECOLOR},
                              {"shape", KEYWORD_SHAPE},
                              {"outline", KEYWORD_OUTLINE},
+                             {"z", KEYWORD_Z},
                              {"circle", KEYWORD_CIRCLE},
                              {"ellipse", KEYWORD_ELLIPSE},
                              {"line", KEYWORD_LINE},
@@ -276,7 +293,15 @@ void StereotypeDefinitionParser::parse(ITextSource *source)
                              {"dash", KEYWORD_DASH},
                              {"dashdot", KEYWORD_DASHDOT},
                              {"dashdotdot", KEYWORD_DASHDOTDOT},
-                             {"color", KEYWORD_COLOR}});
+                             {"color", KEYWORD_COLOR},
+                             {"emphasized", KEYWORD_EMPHASIZED},
+                             {"abs", KEYWORD_ABS},
+                             {"fix", KEYWORD_FIX},
+                             {"scale", KEYWORD_SCALE},
+                             {"fract", KEYWORD_FRACT},
+                             {"origin", KEYWORD_ORIGIN},
+                             {"center", KEYWORD_CENTER},
+                             {"size", KEYWORD_SIZE}});
 
     textScanner.setOperators({{";", OPERATOR_SEMICOLON},
                               {"{", OPERATOR_BRACE_OPEN},
@@ -284,7 +309,8 @@ void StereotypeDefinitionParser::parse(ITextSource *source)
                               {":", OPERATOR_COLON},
                               {",", OPERATOR_COMMA},
                               {".", OPERATOR_PERIOD},
-                              {"-", OPERATOR_MINUS}});
+                              {"-", OPERATOR_MINUS},
+                              {"%", OPERATOR_PERCENTAGE}});
 
     textScanner.setSource(source);
 
@@ -364,6 +390,23 @@ void StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseIcon()
         case KEYWORD_MINHEIGHT:
             stereotypeIcon.setMinHeight(parseFloatProperty());
             break;
+        case KEYWORD_ICONWIDTH:
+            stereotypeIcon.setIconWith(parseFloatProperty());
+            break;
+        case KEYWORD_ICONHEIGHT:
+            stereotypeIcon.setIconHeight(parseFloatProperty());
+            break;
+        case KEYWORD_Z:
+        {
+            const static QHash<QString, StereotypeIcon::DepthLayer> zNames = QHash<QString, StereotypeIcon::DepthLayer>()
+                    << qMakePair(QString("behinditems"), StereotypeIcon::DepthBehindItems)
+                    << qMakePair(QString("amongitems"), StereotypeIcon::DepthAmongItems)
+                    << qMakePair(QString("beforeitems"), StereotypeIcon::DepthBeforeItems);
+            parseEnum<StereotypeIcon::DepthLayer>(
+                        parseIdentifierProperty(), zNames, token.sourcePos(),
+                        [&](StereotypeIcon::DepthLayer layer) { stereotypeIcon.setDepthLayer(layer); });
+            break;
+        }
         case KEYWORD_LOCK_SIZE:
         {
             const static QHash<QString, StereotypeIcon::SizeLock> lockNames
@@ -577,7 +620,7 @@ QHash<int, StereotypeDefinitionParser::IconCommandParameter> StereotypeDefinitio
                 throw StereotypeDefinitionParserError("Property given twice.", token.sourcePos());
             IconCommandParameter parameter = parameters.value(token.subtype());
             if (parameter.type() == IconCommandParameter::ShapeValue)
-                parameter.setShapeValue(ShapeValueF(parseFloatProperty(), parameter.unit(), parameter.origin()));
+                parameter.setShapeValue(parseShapeValueProperty(parameter.unit(), parameter.origin()));
             else if (parameter.type() == IconCommandParameter::Boolean)
                 parameter.setBoolean(parseBoolProperty());
             else
@@ -650,8 +693,6 @@ void StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseRelation(CustomRelation::Element element)
         }
         case KEYWORD_COLOR:
         {
-            if (element != CustomRelation::Element::Relation)
-                throwUnknownPropertyError(token);
             Value expression = parseProperty();
             if (expression.type() == Color) {
                 relation.setColorType(CustomRelation::ColorType::Custom);
@@ -663,6 +704,10 @@ void StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseRelation(CustomRelation::Element element)
                     relation.setColorType(CustomRelation::ColorType::EndA);
                 } else if (colorName == "b") {
                     relation.setColorType(CustomRelation::ColorType::EndB);
+                } else if (colorName == "warning") {
+                    relation.setColorType(CustomRelation::ColorType::Warning);
+                } else if (colorName == "error") {
+                    relation.setColorType(CustomRelation::ColorType::Error);
                 } else if (QColor::isValidColor(colorName)) {
                     relation.setColorType(CustomRelation::ColorType::Custom);
                     relation.setColor(QColor(colorName));
@@ -674,6 +719,9 @@ void StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseRelation(CustomRelation::Element element)
             }
             break;
         }
+        case KEYWORD_EMPHASIZED:
+            relation.setEmphasized(parseBoolProperty());
+            break;
         case KEYWORD_END:
             parseRelationEnd(&relation);
             break;
@@ -976,6 +1024,65 @@ StereotypeDefinitionParser::Value StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseProperty()
     return parseExpression();
 }
 
+ShapeValueF StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseShapeValueProperty(ShapeValueF::Unit unit, ShapeValueF::Origin origin)
+{
+    expectColon();
+    qreal value = parseFloatExpression();
+    // unit
+    Token token = d->m_scanner->read();
+    if (token.type() == Token::TokenOperator) {
+        switch (token.subtype()) {
+        case OPERATOR_PERCENTAGE:
+            unit = ShapeValueF::UnitPercentage;
+            break;
+        default:
+            d->m_scanner->unread(token);
+            break;
+        }
+    } else if (token.type() == Token::TokenKeyword) {
+        switch (token.subtype()) {
+        case KEYWORD_ABS:
+            unit = ShapeValueF::UnitAbsolute;
+            break;
+        case KEYWORD_FIX:
+            unit = ShapeValueF::UnitRelative;
+            break;
+        case KEYWORD_SCALE:
+            unit = ShapeValueF::UnitScaled;
+            break;
+        case KEYWORD_FRACT:
+            unit = ShapeValueF::UnitPercentage;
+            break;
+        default:
+            d->m_scanner->unread(token);
+            break;
+        }
+    } else {
+        d->m_scanner->unread(token);
+    }
+    // origin
+    token = d->m_scanner->read();
+    if (token.type() == Token::TokenKeyword) {
+        switch (token.subtype()) {
+        case KEYWORD_ORIGIN:
+            origin = ShapeValueF::OriginTopOrLeft;
+            break;
+        case KEYWORD_CENTER:
+            origin = ShapeValueF::OriginCenter;
+            break;
+        case KEYWORD_SIZE:
+            origin = ShapeValueF::OriginBottomOrRight;
+            break;
+        default:
+            d->m_scanner->unread(token);
+            break;
+        }
+    } else {
+        d->m_scanner->unread(token);
+    }
+    return ShapeValueF(value, unit, origin);
+}
+
 QString StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseStringExpression()
 {
     Token token = d->m_scanner->read();
@@ -1050,11 +1157,8 @@ QColor StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseColorExpression()
     Token token = d->m_scanner->read();
     if (token.type() == Token::TokenIdentifier || token.type() == Token::TokenColor) {
         QString value = token.text().toLower();
-        QColor color;
-        if (QColor::isValidColor(value)) {
-            color.setNamedColor(value);
-            return color;
-        }
+        if (QColor::isValidColorName(value))
+            return QColor::fromString(value);
     }
     throw StereotypeDefinitionParserError("Expected color name.", token.sourcePos());
 }
@@ -1084,9 +1188,8 @@ StereotypeDefinitionParser::Value StereotypeDefinitionParser::parseExpression()
         return Value(Float, QVariant(value));
     } else if (token.type() == Token::TokenColor) {
         QString value = token.text().toLower();
-        QColor color;
-        if (QColor::isValidColor(value)) {
-            color.setNamedColor(value);
+        if (QColor::isValidColorName(value)) {
+            const QColor color = QColor::fromString(value);
             return Value(Color, QVariant(color));
         } else {
             throw StereotypeDefinitionParserError("Invalid color.", token.sourcePos());
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/stereotypedefinitionparser.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/stereotypedefinitionparser.h
index e32126c730..97b14211ca 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/stereotypedefinitionparser.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/config/stereotypedefinitionparser.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <QObject>
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/exceptions.h"
 #include "qmt/stereotype/customrelation.h"
+#include "qmt/stereotype/shapevalue.h"
 #include "qmt/stereotype/toolbar.h"
 
 #include "sourcepos.h"
@@ -20,7 +21,6 @@ class ITextSource;
 class Token;
 class StereotypeIcon;
 class Toolbar;
-class ShapeValueF;
 
 class QMT_EXPORT StereotypeDefinitionParserError : public Exception
 {
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ private:
     bool parseBoolProperty();
     QColor parseColorProperty();
     Value parseProperty();
+    ShapeValueF parseShapeValueProperty(ShapeValueF::Unit unit, ShapeValueF::Origin origin);
 
     QString parseStringExpression();
     qreal parseFloatExpression();
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/controller/namecontroller.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/controller/namecontroller.cpp
index d910be4b12..2f9506d3fe 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/controller/namecontroller.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/controller/namecontroller.cpp
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 
 #include "namecontroller.h"
 
-#include <QFileInfo>
 #include <QDebug>
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 NameController::NameController(QObject *parent)
@@ -17,10 +18,9 @@ NameController::~NameController()
 {
 }
 
-QString NameController::convertFileNameToElementName(const QString &fileName)
+QString NameController::convertFileNameToElementName(const FilePath &fileName)
 {
-    QFileInfo fileInfo(fileName);
-    QString baseName = fileInfo.baseName().trimmed();
+    QString baseName = fileName.baseName().trimmed();
     QString elementName;
     bool makeTitlecase = true;
     bool insertSpace = false;
@@ -65,13 +65,19 @@ QString NameController::convertElementNameToBaseFileName(const QString &elementN
     return baseFileName;
 }
 
-QString NameController::calcRelativePath(const QString &absoluteFileName, const QString &anchorPath)
+FilePath NameController::calcRelativePath(const FilePath &absoluteFileName,
+                                          const FilePath &anchorPath)
 {
+    // TODO try using Utils::FilePath::relativePath
+    QString absoluteFilePath = absoluteFileName.path();
+    QString anchorPathString = anchorPath.path();
     int secondLastSlashIndex = -1;
     int slashIndex = -1;
     int i = 0;
-    while (i < absoluteFileName.size() && i < anchorPath.size() && absoluteFileName.at(i) == anchorPath.at(i)) {
-        if (absoluteFileName.at(i) == QLatin1Char('/')) {
+    while (i < absoluteFilePath.size() && i < anchorPathString.size()
+           && absoluteFilePath.at(i) == anchorPathString.at(i))
+    {
+        if (absoluteFilePath.at(i) == QLatin1Char('/')) {
             secondLastSlashIndex = slashIndex;
             slashIndex = i;
         }
@@ -81,22 +87,22 @@ QString NameController::calcRelativePath(const QString &absoluteFileName, const
     QString relativePath;
 
     if (slashIndex < 0) {
-        relativePath = absoluteFileName;
-    } else if (i >= absoluteFileName.size()) {
+        relativePath = absoluteFilePath;
+    } else if (i >= absoluteFilePath.size()) {
         // absoluteFileName is a substring of anchor path.
         if (slashIndex == i - 1) {
             if (secondLastSlashIndex < 0)
-                relativePath = absoluteFileName;
+                relativePath = absoluteFilePath;
             else
-                relativePath = absoluteFileName.mid(secondLastSlashIndex + 1);
+                relativePath = absoluteFilePath.mid(secondLastSlashIndex + 1);
         } else {
-            relativePath = absoluteFileName.mid(slashIndex + 1);
+            relativePath = absoluteFilePath.mid(slashIndex + 1);
         }
     } else {
-        relativePath = absoluteFileName.mid(slashIndex + 1);
+        relativePath = absoluteFilePath.mid(slashIndex + 1);
     }
 
-    return relativePath;
+    return FilePath::fromString(relativePath);
 }
 
 QString NameController::calcElementNameSearchId(const QString &elementName)
@@ -109,16 +115,17 @@ QString NameController::calcElementNameSearchId(const QString &elementName)
     return searchId;
 }
 
-QStringList NameController::buildElementsPath(const QString &filePath, bool ignoreLastFilePathPart)
+QStringList NameController::buildElementsPath(const FilePath &filePath,
+                                              bool ignoreLastFilePathPart)
 {
     QList<QString> relativeElements;
 
-    QStringList split = filePath.split("/");
+    QStringList split = filePath.toString().split("/");
     QStringList::const_iterator splitEnd = split.constEnd();
     if (ignoreLastFilePathPart || split.last().isEmpty())
         --splitEnd;
     for (auto it = split.constBegin(); it != splitEnd; ++it) {
-        QString packageName = qmt::NameController::convertFileNameToElementName(*it);
+        QString packageName = qmt::NameController::convertFileNameToElementName(FilePath::fromString(*it));
         relativeElements.append(packageName);
     }
     return relativeElements;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/controller/namecontroller.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/controller/namecontroller.h
index 03e3be30bb..bb1ff0c3e1 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/controller/namecontroller.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/controller/namecontroller.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include <QObject>
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QString>
 #include <QStringList>
 
@@ -18,12 +20,12 @@ private:
     ~NameController() override;
 
 public:
-    static QString convertFileNameToElementName(const QString &fileName);
+    static QString convertFileNameToElementName(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
     static QString convertElementNameToBaseFileName(const QString &elementName);
-    // TODO use Utils::FilePath instead
-    static QString calcRelativePath(const QString &absoluteFileName, const QString &anchorPath);
+    static Utils::FilePath calcRelativePath(const Utils::FilePath &absoluteFileName,
+                                            const Utils::FilePath &anchorPath);
     static QString calcElementNameSearchId(const QString &elementName);
-    static QStringList buildElementsPath(const QString &filePath, bool ignoreLastFilePathPart);
+    static QStringList buildElementsPath(const Utils::FilePath &filePath, bool ignoreLastFilePathPart);
     static bool parseClassName(const QString &fullClassName, QString *umlNamespace,
                                QString *className, QStringList *templateParameters);
 };
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/dobject.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/dobject.cpp
index 4e0e5cb642..543e6af30f 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/dobject.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/dobject.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
 #include "dvisitor.h"
 #include "dconstvisitor.h"
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
-DObject::DObject()
-{
-}
+DObject::DObject() {}
 
 DObject::DObject(const DObject &rhs)
     : DElement(rhs),
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ DObject::DObject(const DObject &rhs)
       m_visualSecondaryRole(rhs.m_visualSecondaryRole),
       m_stereotypeDisplay(rhs.m_stereotypeDisplay),
       m_isAutoSized(rhs.m_isAutoSized),
-      m_isVisualEmphasized(rhs.m_isVisualEmphasized)
+      m_isVisualEmphasized(rhs.m_isVisualEmphasized),
+      m_hasLinkedFile(rhs.m_hasLinkedFile),
+      m_imagePath(rhs.m_imagePath),
+      m_image(rhs.m_image)
 {
 }
 
@@ -49,6 +52,9 @@ DObject &DObject::operator =(const DObject &rhs)
         m_stereotypeDisplay = rhs.m_stereotypeDisplay;
         m_isAutoSized = rhs.m_isAutoSized;
         m_isVisualEmphasized = rhs.m_isVisualEmphasized;
+        m_hasLinkedFile = rhs.m_hasLinkedFile;
+        m_imagePath = rhs.m_imagePath;
+        m_image = rhs.m_image;
     }
     return *this;
 }
@@ -113,6 +119,26 @@ void DObject::setVisualEmphasized(bool visualEmphasized)
     m_isVisualEmphasized = visualEmphasized;
 }
 
+void DObject::setLinkedFile(bool linkedFile)
+{
+    m_hasLinkedFile = linkedFile;
+}
+
+bool DObject::hasImage() const
+{
+    return !m_image.isNull();
+}
+
+void DObject::setImagePath(const FilePath &path)
+{
+    m_imagePath = path;
+}
+
+void DObject::setImage(const QImage &image)
+{
+    m_image = image;
+}
+
 void DObject::accept(DVisitor *visitor)
 {
     visitor->visitDObject(this);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/dobject.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/dobject.h
index c8cf2b0e4d..7364f15749 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/dobject.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/dobject.h
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/uid.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
+#include <QImage>
 #include <QList>
 #include <QPointF>
 #include <QRectF>
@@ -78,6 +81,13 @@ public:
     void setAutoSized(bool autoSized);
     bool isVisualEmphasized() const { return m_isVisualEmphasized; }
     void setVisualEmphasized(bool visualEmphasized);
+    bool hasLinkedFile() const { return m_hasLinkedFile; }
+    void setLinkedFile(bool linkedFile);
+    Utils::FilePath imagePath() const { return m_imagePath; }
+    void setImagePath(const Utils::FilePath &path);
+    bool hasImage() const;
+    QImage image() const { return m_image; }
+    void setImage(const QImage &image);
 
     void accept(DVisitor *visitor) override;
     void accept(DConstVisitor *visitor) const override;
@@ -95,6 +105,9 @@ private:
     StereotypeDisplay m_stereotypeDisplay = StereotypeSmart;
     bool m_isAutoSized = true;
     bool m_isVisualEmphasized = false;
+    bool m_hasLinkedFile = false;
+    Utils::FilePath m_imagePath;
+    QImage m_image;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/drelation.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/drelation.cpp
index a21f61c707..890bd275e4 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/drelation.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/drelation.cpp
@@ -65,6 +65,31 @@ void DRelation::setIntermediatePoints(const QList<DRelation::IntermediatePoint>
     m_intermediatePoints = intermediatePoints;
 }
 
+void DRelation::setVisualPrimaryRole(VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole)
+{
+    m_visualPrimaryRole = visualPrimaryRole;
+}
+
+void DRelation::setVisualSecondaryRole(VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole)
+{
+    m_visualSecondaryRole = visualSecondaryRole;
+}
+
+void DRelation::setVisualEmphasized(bool visualEmphasized)
+{
+    m_isVisualEmphasized = visualEmphasized;
+}
+
+void DRelation::setColor(const QColor &color)
+{
+    m_color = color;
+}
+
+void DRelation::setThickness(qreal thickness)
+{
+    m_thickness = thickness;
+}
+
 void DRelation::accept(DVisitor *visitor)
 {
     visitor->visitDRelation(this);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/drelation.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/drelation.h
index 34bdaf1986..ed5624ad9f 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/drelation.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram/drelation.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "delement.h"
 
+#include <QColor>
 #include <QList>
 #include <QPointF>
 
@@ -15,6 +16,22 @@ class DObject;
 class QMT_EXPORT DRelation : public DElement
 {
 public:
+    enum VisualPrimaryRole {
+        PrimaryRoleNormal,
+        PrimaryRoleCustom1,
+        PrimaryRoleCustom2,
+        PrimaryRoleCustom3,
+        PrimaryRoleCustom4,
+        PrimaryRoleCustom5
+    };
+
+    enum VisualSecondaryRole {
+        SecondaryRoleNone,
+        SecondaryRoleWarning,
+        SecondaryRoleError,
+        SecondaryRoleSoften
+    };
+
     class IntermediatePoint
     {
     public:
@@ -42,6 +59,16 @@ public:
     void setName(const QString &name);
     const QList<IntermediatePoint> intermediatePoints() const { return m_intermediatePoints; }
     void setIntermediatePoints(const QList<IntermediatePoint> &intermediatePoints);
+    VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole() const { return m_visualPrimaryRole; }
+    void setVisualPrimaryRole(VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole);
+    VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole() const { return m_visualSecondaryRole; }
+    void setVisualSecondaryRole(VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole);
+    bool isVisualEmphasized() const { return m_isVisualEmphasized; }
+    void setVisualEmphasized(bool visualEmphasized);
+    QColor color() const { return m_color; }
+    void setColor(const QColor &color);
+    qreal thickness() const { return m_thickness; }
+    void setThickness(qreal thickness);
 
     void accept(DVisitor *visitor) override;
     void accept(DConstVisitor *visitor) const override;
@@ -53,6 +80,11 @@ private:
     Uid m_endBUid;
     QString m_name;
     QList<IntermediatePoint> m_intermediatePoints;
+    VisualPrimaryRole m_visualPrimaryRole = PrimaryRoleNormal;
+    VisualSecondaryRole m_visualSecondaryRole = SecondaryRoleNone;
+    bool m_isVisualEmphasized = false;
+    QColor m_color;
+    qreal m_thickness = 0;
 };
 
 bool operator==(const DRelation::IntermediatePoint &lhs, const DRelation::IntermediatePoint &rhs);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_controller/dflatassignmentvisitor.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_controller/dflatassignmentvisitor.cpp
index 5e88175812..5e4c072588 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_controller/dflatassignmentvisitor.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_controller/dflatassignmentvisitor.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,10 @@ void DFlatAssignmentVisitor::visitDObject(const DObject *object)
     target->setVisualPrimaryRole(object->visualPrimaryRole());
     target->setVisualSecondaryRole(object->visualSecondaryRole());
     target->setVisualEmphasized(object->isVisualEmphasized());
+    target->setLinkedFile(object->hasLinkedFile());
     target->setStereotypeDisplay(object->stereotypeDisplay());
+    target->setImagePath(object->imagePath());
+    target->setImage(object->image());
 }
 
 void DFlatAssignmentVisitor::visitDPackage(const DPackage *package)
@@ -100,6 +103,8 @@ void DFlatAssignmentVisitor::visitDRelation(const DRelation *relation)
     QMT_ASSERT(target, return);
     target->setStereotypes(relation->stereotypes());
     target->setIntermediatePoints(relation->intermediatePoints());
+    target->setVisualPrimaryRole(relation->visualPrimaryRole());
+    target->setThickness(relation->thickness());
 }
 
 void DFlatAssignmentVisitor::visitDInheritance(const DInheritance *inheritance)
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_controller/dupdatevisitor.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_controller/dupdatevisitor.cpp
index 91a95438ad..2dd079e1bc 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_controller/dupdatevisitor.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_controller/dupdatevisitor.cpp
@@ -65,13 +65,16 @@ void DUpdateVisitor::visitMObject(const MObject *object)
     }
     if (isUpdating(object->name() != dobject->name()))
         dobject->setName(object->name());
+    bool hasLinkedFile = !object->linkedFileName().isEmpty();
+    if (isUpdating(hasLinkedFile != dobject->hasLinkedFile()))
+        dobject->setLinkedFile(hasLinkedFile);
     // TODO unlikely that this is called for all objects if hierarchy is modified
     // PERFORM remove loop
     int depth = 1;
     const MObject *owner = object->owner();
     while (owner) {
         owner = owner->owner();
-        depth += 1;
+        depth += 3;
     }
     if (isUpdating(depth != dobject->depth()))
         dobject->setDepth(depth);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/capabilities/windable.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/capabilities/windable.h
index a21f1caea3..c31249e5c1 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/capabilities/windable.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/capabilities/windable.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public:
     virtual void insertHandle(int beforeIndex, const QPointF &pos, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight) = 0;
     virtual void deleteHandle(int index) = 0;
     virtual void setHandlePos(int index, const QPointF &pos) = 0;
-    virtual void dropHandle(int index, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight) = 0;
+    virtual void dropHandle(int index, bool extraSnap, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight) = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/diagramscenemodel.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/diagramscenemodel.cpp
index 13167f691d..9366a39503 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/diagramscenemodel.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/diagramscenemodel.cpp
@@ -209,15 +209,26 @@ DSelection DiagramSceneModel::selectedElements() const
     return selection;
 }
 
-DElement *DiagramSceneModel::findTopmostElement(const QPointF &scenePos) const
+QGraphicsItem *DiagramSceneModel::findTopmostItem(const QPointF &scenePos) const
 {
     // fetch affected items from scene in correct drawing order to find topmost element
     const QList<QGraphicsItem *> items = m_graphicsScene->items(scenePos);
+    QGraphicsItem *candidate = NULL;
     for (QGraphicsItem *item : items) {
-        if (m_graphicsItems.contains(item))
-            return m_itemToElementMap.value(item);
+        if (m_graphicsItems.contains(item)) {
+            if (!candidate || item->zValue() > candidate->zValue())
+                candidate = item;
+        }
     }
-    return nullptr;
+    return candidate;
+}
+
+DElement *DiagramSceneModel::findTopmostElement(const QPointF &scenePos) const
+{
+    QGraphicsItem *item = findTopmostItem(scenePos);
+    if (!item)
+        return nullptr;
+    return m_itemToElementMap.value(item);
 }
 
 DObject *DiagramSceneModel::findTopmostObject(const QPointF &scenePos) const
@@ -230,16 +241,13 @@ DObject *DiagramSceneModel::findTopmostObject(const QPointF &scenePos) const
 
 ObjectItem *DiagramSceneModel::findTopmostObjectItem(const QPointF &scenePos) const
 {
-    // fetch affected items from scene in correct drawing order to find topmost element
-    const QList<QGraphicsItem *> items = m_graphicsScene->items(scenePos);
-    for (QGraphicsItem *item : std::as_const(items)) {
-        if (m_graphicsItems.contains(item)) {
-            DObject *object = dynamic_cast<DObject *>(m_itemToElementMap.value(item));
-            if (object)
-                return dynamic_cast<ObjectItem *>(item);
-        }
-    }
-    return nullptr;
+    QGraphicsItem *item = findTopmostItem(scenePos);
+    if (!item)
+        return nullptr;
+    DObject *object = dynamic_cast<DObject *>(m_itemToElementMap.value(item));
+    if (!object)
+        return nullptr;
+    return dynamic_cast<ObjectItem *>(item);
 }
 
 QGraphicsItem *DiagramSceneModel::graphicsItem(DElement *element) const
@@ -353,9 +361,8 @@ void DiagramSceneModel::selectAllElements()
 void DiagramSceneModel::selectElement(DElement *element)
 {
     QGraphicsItem *selectItem = m_elementToItemMap.value(element);
-    // We have to create a copy since "setSelected" may modify m_selectedItems
-    const QSet<QGraphicsItem *> copy = m_selectedItems;
-    for (QGraphicsItem *item : copy) {
+    auto selectedItems = m_selectedItems;
+    for (QGraphicsItem *item : std::as_const(selectedItems)) {
         if (item != selectItem)
             item->setSelected(false);
     }
@@ -365,9 +372,17 @@ void DiagramSceneModel::selectElement(DElement *element)
 
 void DiagramSceneModel::editElement(DElement *element)
 {
-    auto editable = dynamic_cast<IEditable *>(m_elementToItemMap.value(element));
-    if (editable && editable->isEditable())
+    QGraphicsItem *item = m_elementToItemMap.value(element);
+    auto editable = dynamic_cast<IEditable *>(item);
+    if (editable && editable->isEditable()) {
+        auto selectable = dynamic_cast<ISelectable *>(item);
+        if (selectable && item != m_focusItem) {
+            unsetFocusItem();
+            selectable->setFocusSelected(true);
+            m_focusItem = item;
+        }
         editable->edit();
+    }
 }
 
 void DiagramSceneModel::copyToClipboard()
@@ -509,9 +524,8 @@ void DiagramSceneModel::selectItem(QGraphicsItem *item, bool multiSelect)
 {
     if (!multiSelect) {
         if (!item->isSelected()) {
-            // We have to create a copy since "setSelected" may modify m_selectedItems
-            const QSet<QGraphicsItem *> copy = m_selectedItems;
-            for (QGraphicsItem *selectedItem : copy) {
+            auto selectedItems = m_selectedItems;
+            for (QGraphicsItem *selectedItem : std::as_const(selectedItems)) {
                 if (selectedItem != item)
                     selectedItem->setSelected(false);
             }
@@ -626,6 +640,7 @@ void DiagramSceneModel::keyReleaseEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
 
 void DiagramSceneModel::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
 {
+    m_mousePressed = true;
     updateFocusItem(Utils::toSet(m_graphicsScene->selectedItems()));
     m_latchController->mousePressEventLatching(event);
     mousePressEventReparenting(event);
@@ -660,8 +675,10 @@ void DiagramSceneModel::mouseMoveEventReparenting(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *even
 
 void DiagramSceneModel::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
 {
+    m_mousePressed = false;
     m_latchController->mouseReleaseEventLatching(event);
     mouseReleaseEventReparenting(event);
+    recalcSceneRectSize();
 }
 
 void DiagramSceneModel::mouseReleaseEventReparenting(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
@@ -853,7 +870,7 @@ void DiagramSceneModel::onSelectionChanged()
     QSet<QGraphicsItem *> newSecondarySelectedItems;
 
     // select all contained objects secondarily
-    for (QGraphicsItem *selectedItem : std::as_const(m_secondarySelectedItems)) {
+    for (QGraphicsItem *selectedItem : std::as_const(m_selectedItems)) {
         const QList<QGraphicsItem *> items = collectCollidingObjectItems(selectedItem, CollidingInnerItems);
         for (QGraphicsItem *item : items) {
             if (!item->isSelected() && dynamic_cast<ISelectable *>(item)
@@ -910,7 +927,8 @@ void DiagramSceneModel::onSelectionChanged()
         }
     }
 
-    for (QGraphicsItem *item : std::as_const(m_secondarySelectedItems)) {
+    auto secondarySelectedItems = m_secondarySelectedItems;
+    for (QGraphicsItem *item : std::as_const(secondarySelectedItems)) {
         if (!newSecondarySelectedItems.contains(item)) {
             auto selectable = dynamic_cast<ISelectable *>(item);
             QMT_ASSERT(selectable, return);
@@ -1041,8 +1059,19 @@ void DiagramSceneModel::recalcSceneRectSize()
         if (!dynamic_cast<SwimlaneItem *>(item))
             sceneRect |= item->mapRectToScene(item->boundingRect());
     }
-    m_sceneRect = sceneRect;
-    emit sceneRectChanged(sceneRect);
+    if (m_mousePressed) {
+        if (sceneRect.left() < m_sceneRect.left())
+            m_sceneRect.setLeft(sceneRect.left());
+        if (sceneRect.right() > m_sceneRect.right())
+            m_sceneRect.setRight(sceneRect.right());
+        if (sceneRect.top() < m_sceneRect.top())
+            m_sceneRect.setTop(sceneRect.top());
+        if (sceneRect.bottom() > m_sceneRect.bottom())
+            m_sceneRect.setBottom(sceneRect.bottom());
+    } else {
+        m_sceneRect = sceneRect;
+    }
+    emit sceneRectChanged(m_sceneRect);
 }
 
 QGraphicsItem *DiagramSceneModel::createGraphicsItem(DElement *element)
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/diagramscenemodel.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/diagramscenemodel.h
index 0021faf459..b976f421f9 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/diagramscenemodel.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/diagramscenemodel.h
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ public:
     bool hasSelection() const;
     bool hasMultiObjectsSelection() const;
     DSelection selectedElements() const;
+    QGraphicsItem *findTopmostItem(const QPointF &scenePos) const;
     DElement *findTopmostElement(const QPointF &scenePos) const;
     DObject *findTopmostObject(const QPointF &scenePos) const;
     ObjectItem *findTopmostObjectItem(const QPointF &scenePos) const;
@@ -169,6 +170,7 @@ private:
     QGraphicsItem *m_focusItem = nullptr;
     QRectF m_sceneRect;
     QList<Uid> m_relationEndsUid;
+    bool m_mousePressed = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/classitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/classitem.cpp
index 14ad25b2c1..23a9c524a2 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/classitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/classitem.cpp
@@ -85,29 +85,16 @@ void ClassItem::update()
         m_methodsText.clear();
     }
 
-    // custom icon
-    if (stereotypeIconDisplay() == StereotypeIcon::DisplayIcon) {
-        if (!m_customIcon)
-            m_customIcon = new CustomIconItem(diagramSceneModel(), this);
-        m_customIcon->setStereotypeIconId(stereotypeIconId());
-        m_customIcon->setBaseSize(stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(), CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT));
-        m_customIcon->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
-        m_customIcon->setPen(style->outerLinePen());
-        m_customIcon->setZValue(SHAPE_ZVALUE);
-    } else if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->scene()->removeItem(m_customIcon);
-        delete m_customIcon;
-        m_customIcon = nullptr;
-    }
+    updateCustomIcon(style);
 
     // shape
-    if (!m_customIcon) {
+    if (!customIconItem()) {
         if (!m_shape)
             m_shape = new QGraphicsRectItem(this);
         m_shape->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
         m_shape->setPen(style->outerLinePen());
         m_shape->setZValue(SHAPE_ZVALUE);
-    } else if (m_shape){
+    } else if (m_shape) {
         m_shape->scene()->removeItem(m_shape);
         delete m_shape;
         m_shape = nullptr;
@@ -259,7 +246,7 @@ void ClassItem::update()
         m_templateParameterBox = nullptr;
     }
 
-    updateSelectionMarker(m_customIcon);
+    updateSelectionMarker(customIconItem());
     updateRelationStarter();
     updateAlignmentButtons();
     updateGeometry();
@@ -267,8 +254,8 @@ void ClassItem::update()
 
 bool ClassItem::intersectShapeWithLine(const QLineF &line, QPointF *intersectionPoint, QLineF *intersectionLine) const
 {
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = m_customIcon->outline();
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = customIconItem()->outline();
         for (int i = 0; i < polygons.size(); ++i)
             polygons[i].translate(object()->pos() + object()->rect().topLeft());
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() == qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow) {
@@ -508,7 +495,7 @@ DClass::TemplateDisplay ClassItem::templateDisplay() const
 
     DClass::TemplateDisplay templateDisplay = diagramClass->templateDisplay();
     if (templateDisplay == DClass::TemplateSmart) {
-        if (m_customIcon)
+        if (customIconItem())
             templateDisplay = DClass::TemplateName;
         else
             templateDisplay = DClass::TemplateBox;
@@ -521,8 +508,8 @@ QSizeF ClassItem::calcMinimumGeometry() const
     double width = 0.0;
     double height = 0.0;
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QSizeF sz = stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(),
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QSizeF sz = customIconItemMinimumSize(customIconItem(),
                                               CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT);
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignTop
                 && shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignCenter)
@@ -589,12 +576,7 @@ void ClassItem::updateGeometry()
     height = geometry.height();
 
     if (object()->isAutoSized()) {
-        if (!m_customIcon) {
-            if (width < MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH)
-                width = MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH;
-            if (height < MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT)
-                height = MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT;
-        }
+        correctAutoSize(customIconItem(), width, height, MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT);
     } else {
         QRectF rect = object()->rect();
         if (rect.width() > width)
@@ -619,15 +601,15 @@ void ClassItem::updateGeometry()
     // a backup for the graphics item used for manual resized and persistency.
     object()->setRect(rect);
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->setPos(left, top);
-        m_customIcon->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        customIconItem()->setPos(left, top);
+        customIconItem()->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
     }
 
     if (m_shape)
         m_shape->setRect(rect);
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
+    if (customIconItem()) {
         switch (shapeIcon().textAlignment()) {
         case qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow:
             y += height + BODY_VERT_BORDER;
@@ -679,7 +661,7 @@ void ClassItem::updateGeometry()
         y += nameItem()->boundingRect().height();
     }
     if (m_contextLabel) {
-        if (m_customIcon)
+        if (customIconItem())
             m_contextLabel->resetMaxWidth();
         else
             m_contextLabel->setMaxWidth(width - 2 * BODY_HORIZ_BORDER);
@@ -692,7 +674,7 @@ void ClassItem::updateGeometry()
         y += 8.0;
     }
     if (m_attributes) {
-        if (m_customIcon)
+        if (customIconItem())
             m_attributes->setPos(-m_attributes->boundingRect().width() / 2.0, y);
         else
             m_attributes->setPos(left + BODY_HORIZ_BORDER, y);
@@ -704,7 +686,7 @@ void ClassItem::updateGeometry()
         y += 8.0;
     }
     if (m_methods) {
-        if (m_customIcon)
+        if (customIconItem())
             m_methods->setPos(-m_methods->boundingRect().width() / 2.0, y);
         else
             m_methods->setPos(left + BODY_HORIZ_BORDER, y);
@@ -765,21 +747,22 @@ void ClassItem::updateMembers(const Style *style)
             break;
         }
 
+        bool needBr = false;
         if (text && !text->isEmpty())
-            *text += "<br/>";
+            needBr = true;
 
-        bool addNewline = false;
-        bool addSpace = false;
         if (currentVisibility)
             *currentVisibility = member.visibility();
         if (currentGroup && member.group() != *currentGroup) {
-            *text += QString("[%1]").arg(member.group());
-            addNewline = true;
+            needBr = false;
+            *text += QString("<p style=\"padding:0;margin-top:6;margin-bottom:0;\"><b>[%1]</b></p>").arg(member.group());
             *currentGroup = member.group();
         }
-        if (addNewline)
+
+        if (needBr)
             *text += "<br/>";
 
+        bool addSpace = false;
         bool haveSignal = false;
         bool haveSlot = false;
         if (member.visibility() != MClassMember::VisibilityUndefined) {
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/classitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/classitem.h
index 83ce0a9a5a..cc92ab1ff5 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/classitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/classitem.h
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ private:
     void updateGeometry();
     void updateMembers(const Style *style);
 
-    CustomIconItem *m_customIcon = nullptr;
     QGraphicsRectItem *m_shape = nullptr;
     QGraphicsSimpleTextItem *m_baseClasses = nullptr;
     QGraphicsSimpleTextItem *m_namespace = nullptr;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/componentitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/componentitem.cpp
index 6a54a001e5..e7fffcbf9a 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/componentitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/componentitem.cpp
@@ -53,24 +53,11 @@ void ComponentItem::update()
 
     const Style *style = adaptedStyle(stereotypeIconId());
 
-    // custom icon
-    if (stereotypeIconDisplay() == StereotypeIcon::DisplayIcon) {
-        if (!m_customIcon)
-            m_customIcon = new CustomIconItem(diagramSceneModel(), this);
-        m_customIcon->setStereotypeIconId(stereotypeIconId());
-        m_customIcon->setBaseSize(stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(), CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT));
-        m_customIcon->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
-        m_customIcon->setPen(style->outerLinePen());
-        m_customIcon->setZValue(SHAPE_ZVALUE);
-    } else if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->scene()->removeItem(m_customIcon);
-        delete m_customIcon;
-        m_customIcon = nullptr;
-    }
+    updateCustomIcon(style);
 
     // shape
     bool deleteRects = false;
-    if (!m_customIcon) {
+    if (!customIconItem()) {
         if (!m_shape)
             m_shape = new QGraphicsRectItem(this);
         m_shape->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
@@ -130,7 +117,7 @@ void ComponentItem::update()
         m_contextLabel = nullptr;
     }
 
-    updateSelectionMarker(m_customIcon);
+    updateSelectionMarker(customIconItem());
     updateRelationStarter();
     updateAlignmentButtons();
     updateGeometry();
@@ -138,8 +125,8 @@ void ComponentItem::update()
 
 bool ComponentItem::intersectShapeWithLine(const QLineF &line, QPointF *intersectionPoint, QLineF *intersectionLine) const
 {
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = m_customIcon->outline();
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = customIconItem()->outline();
         for (int i = 0; i < polygons.size(); ++i)
             polygons[i].translate(object()->pos() + object()->rect().topLeft());
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() == qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow) {
@@ -207,14 +194,16 @@ QSizeF ComponentItem::calcMinimumGeometry() const
 {
     double width = 0.0;
     double height = 0.0;
+    double customMinHeight = 0.0;
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QSizeF sz = stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(),
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QSizeF sz = customIconItemMinimumSize(customIconItem(),
                                               CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT);
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignTop
                 && shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignCenter)
             return sz;
         width = sz.width();
+        customMinHeight = sz.height();
     }
 
     height += BODY_VERT_BORDER;
@@ -234,7 +223,7 @@ QSizeF ComponentItem::calcMinimumGeometry() const
         height += m_contextLabel->height();
     height += BODY_VERT_BORDER;
 
-    if (!hasPlainShape()) {
+    if (!customIconItem() && !hasPlainShape()) {
         width = RECT_WIDTH * 0.5 + BODY_HORIZ_BORDER + width + BODY_HORIZ_BORDER + RECT_WIDTH * 0.5;
         double minHeight = UPPER_RECT_Y + RECT_HEIGHT + RECT_Y_DISTANCE + RECT_HEIGHT + LOWER_RECT_MIN_Y;
         if (height < minHeight)
@@ -243,6 +232,9 @@ QSizeF ComponentItem::calcMinimumGeometry() const
         width = BODY_HORIZ_BORDER + width + BODY_HORIZ_BORDER;
     }
 
+    if (height < customMinHeight)
+        height = customMinHeight;
+
     return GeometryUtilities::ensureMinimumRasterSize(QSizeF(width, height), 2 * RASTER_WIDTH, 2 * RASTER_HEIGHT);
 }
 
@@ -259,7 +251,7 @@ void ComponentItem::updateGeometry()
     height = geometry.height();
 
     if (object()->isAutoSized()) {
-        // nothing
+        correctAutoSize(customIconItem(), width, height, 0, 0);
     } else {
         QRectF rect = object()->rect();
         if (rect.width() > width)
@@ -283,9 +275,9 @@ void ComponentItem::updateGeometry()
     // a backup for the graphics item used for manual resized and persistency.
     object()->setRect(rect);
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->setPos(left, top);
-        m_customIcon->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        customIconItem()->setPos(left, top);
+        customIconItem()->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
     }
 
     if (m_shape)
@@ -303,7 +295,7 @@ void ComponentItem::updateGeometry()
         m_lowerRect->setPos(left - RECT_WIDTH * 0.5, top + UPPER_RECT_Y + RECT_HEIGHT + RECT_Y_DISTANCE);
     }
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
+    if (customIconItem()) {
         switch (shapeIcon().textAlignment()) {
         case qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow:
             y += height + BODY_VERT_BORDER;
@@ -345,7 +337,7 @@ void ComponentItem::updateGeometry()
         y += nameItem()->boundingRect().height();
     }
     if (m_contextLabel) {
-        if (m_customIcon) {
+        if (customIconItem()) {
             m_contextLabel->resetMaxWidth();
         } else {
             double maxContextWidth = width - 2 * BODY_HORIZ_BORDER - (hasPlainShape() ? 0 : RECT_WIDTH);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/componentitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/componentitem.h
index f00fbf30eb..f4910f53ce 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/componentitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/componentitem.h
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ private:
     QSizeF calcMinimumGeometry() const;
     void updateGeometry();
 
-    CustomIconItem *m_customIcon = nullptr;
     QGraphicsRectItem *m_shape = nullptr;
     QGraphicsRectItem *m_upperRect = nullptr;
     QGraphicsRectItem *m_lowerRect = nullptr;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/diagramitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/diagramitem.cpp
index c37c38b3bb..951d6f3b1a 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/diagramitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/diagramitem.cpp
@@ -47,23 +47,10 @@ void DiagramItem::update()
 
     const Style *style = adaptedStyle(stereotypeIconId());
 
-    // custom icon
-    if (stereotypeIconDisplay() == StereotypeIcon::DisplayIcon) {
-        if (!m_customIcon)
-            m_customIcon = new CustomIconItem(diagramSceneModel(), this);
-        m_customIcon->setStereotypeIconId(stereotypeIconId());
-        m_customIcon->setBaseSize(stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(), CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT));
-        m_customIcon->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
-        m_customIcon->setPen(style->outerLinePen());
-        m_customIcon->setZValue(SHAPE_ZVALUE);
-    } else if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->scene()->removeItem(m_customIcon);
-        delete m_customIcon;
-        m_customIcon = nullptr;
-    }
+    updateCustomIcon(style);
 
     // shape
-    if (!m_customIcon) {
+    if (!customIconItem()) {
         if (!m_body)
             m_body = new QGraphicsPolygonItem(this);
         m_body->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
@@ -93,15 +80,15 @@ void DiagramItem::update()
     // diagram name
     updateNameItem(style);
 
-    updateSelectionMarker(m_customIcon);
+    updateSelectionMarker(customIconItem());
     updateAlignmentButtons();
     updateGeometry();
 }
 
 bool DiagramItem::intersectShapeWithLine(const QLineF &line, QPointF *intersectionPoint, QLineF *intersectionLine) const
 {
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = m_customIcon->outline();
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = customIconItem()->outline();
         for (int i = 0; i < polygons.size(); ++i)
             polygons[i].translate(object()->pos() + object()->rect().topLeft());
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() == qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow) {
@@ -131,8 +118,8 @@ QSizeF DiagramItem::calcMinimumGeometry() const
     double width = MINIMUM_WIDTH;
     double height = 0.0;
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QSizeF sz = stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(),
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QSizeF sz = customIconItemMinimumSize(customIconItem(),
                                               CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT);
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignTop
                 && shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignCenter)
@@ -175,12 +162,7 @@ void DiagramItem::updateGeometry()
     height = geometry.height();
 
     if (object()->isAutoSized()) {
-        if (!m_customIcon) {
-            if (width < MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH)
-                width = MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH;
-            if (height < MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT)
-                height = MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT;
-        }
+        correctAutoSize(customIconItem(), width, height, MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT);
     } else {
         QRectF rect = object()->rect();
         if (rect.width() > width)
@@ -203,9 +185,9 @@ void DiagramItem::updateGeometry()
     // a backup for the graphics item used for manual resized and persistency.
     object()->setRect(rect);
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->setPos(left, top);
-        m_customIcon->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        customIconItem()->setPos(left, top);
+        customIconItem()->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
     }
 
     if (m_body) {
@@ -227,7 +209,7 @@ void DiagramItem::updateGeometry()
         m_fold->setPolygon(foldPolygon);
     }
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
+    if (customIconItem()) {
         switch (shapeIcon().textAlignment()) {
         case qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow:
             y += height + BODY_VERT_BORDER;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/diagramitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/diagramitem.h
index 81012b04a1..88d9f9a7a8 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/diagramitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/diagramitem.h
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ private:
     QSizeF calcMinimumGeometry() const;
     void updateGeometry();
 
-    CustomIconItem *m_customIcon = nullptr;
     QGraphicsPolygonItem *m_body = nullptr;
     QGraphicsPolygonItem *m_fold = nullptr;
 };
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/itemitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/itemitem.cpp
index 97a1b337fc..9855889b08 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/itemitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/itemitem.cpp
@@ -52,22 +52,10 @@ void ItemItem::update()
 
     const Style *style = adaptedStyle(shapeIconId());
 
-    if (!shapeIconId().isEmpty()) {
-        if (!m_customIcon)
-            m_customIcon = new CustomIconItem(diagramSceneModel(), this);
-        m_customIcon->setStereotypeIconId(shapeIconId());
-        m_customIcon->setBaseSize(stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(), CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT));
-        m_customIcon->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
-        m_customIcon->setPen(style->outerLinePen());
-        m_customIcon->setZValue(SHAPE_ZVALUE);
-    } else if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->scene()->removeItem(m_customIcon);
-        delete m_customIcon;
-        m_customIcon = nullptr;
-    }
+    updateCustomIcon(style);
 
     // shape
-    if (!m_customIcon) {
+    if (!customIconItem()) {
         if (!m_shape)
             m_shape = new QGraphicsRectItem(this);
         m_shape->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
@@ -100,7 +88,7 @@ void ItemItem::update()
         m_contextLabel = nullptr;
     }
 
-    updateSelectionMarker(m_customIcon);
+    updateSelectionMarker(customIconItem());
     updateRelationStarter();
     updateAlignmentButtons();
     updateGeometry();
@@ -108,8 +96,8 @@ void ItemItem::update()
 
 bool ItemItem::intersectShapeWithLine(const QLineF &line, QPointF *intersectionPoint, QLineF *intersectionLine) const
 {
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = m_customIcon->outline();
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = customIconItem()->outline();
         for (int i = 0; i < polygons.size(); ++i)
             polygons[i].translate(object()->pos() + object()->rect().topLeft());
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() == qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow) {
@@ -152,14 +140,16 @@ QSizeF ItemItem::calcMinimumGeometry() const
 {
     double width = 0.0;
     double height = 0.0;
+    double customMinHeight = 0.0;
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QSizeF sz = stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(),
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QSizeF sz = customIconItemMinimumSize(customIconItem(),
                                               CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT);
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignTop
                   && shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignCenter)
             return sz;
         width = sz.width();
+        customMinHeight = sz.height();
     }
 
     height += BODY_VERT_BORDER;
@@ -181,6 +171,9 @@ QSizeF ItemItem::calcMinimumGeometry() const
 
     width = BODY_HORIZ_BORDER + width + BODY_HORIZ_BORDER;
 
+    if (height < customMinHeight)
+        height = customMinHeight;
+
     return GeometryUtilities::ensureMinimumRasterSize(QSizeF(width, height), 2 * RASTER_WIDTH, 2 * RASTER_HEIGHT);
 }
 
@@ -197,7 +190,7 @@ void ItemItem::updateGeometry()
     height = geometry.height();
 
     if (object()->isAutoSized()) {
-        // nothing
+        correctAutoSize(customIconItem(), width, height, 0, 0);
     } else {
         QRectF rect = object()->rect();
         if (rect.width() > width)
@@ -221,15 +214,15 @@ void ItemItem::updateGeometry()
     // a backup for the graphics item used for manual resized and persistency.
     object()->setRect(rect);
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->setPos(left, top);
-        m_customIcon->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        customIconItem()->setPos(left, top);
+        customIconItem()->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
     }
 
     if (m_shape)
         m_shape->setRect(rect);
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
+    if (customIconItem()) {
         switch (shapeIcon().textAlignment()) {
         case qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow:
             y += height + BODY_VERT_BORDER;
@@ -271,7 +264,7 @@ void ItemItem::updateGeometry()
         y += nameItem()->boundingRect().height();
     }
     if (m_contextLabel) {
-        if (m_customIcon) {
+        if (customIconItem()) {
             m_contextLabel->resetMaxWidth();
         } else {
             double maxContextWidth = width - 2 * BODY_HORIZ_BORDER;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/itemitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/itemitem.h
index 327b3799ac..de091a2bc7 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/itemitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/itemitem.h
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ private:
     QSizeF calcMinimumGeometry() const;
     void updateGeometry();
 
-    CustomIconItem *m_customIcon = nullptr;
     QGraphicsRectItem *m_shape = nullptr;
     ContextLabelItem *m_contextLabel = nullptr;
 };
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/objectitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/objectitem.cpp
index 0fe32080cf..d4f6bd386b 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/objectitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/objectitem.cpp
@@ -185,6 +185,8 @@ void ObjectItem::setFocusSelected(bool focusSelected)
     if (m_isFocusSelected != focusSelected) {
         m_isFocusSelected = focusSelected;
         update();
+        if (m_nameItem)
+            m_nameItem->setEditable(focusSelected);
     }
 }
 
@@ -353,9 +355,9 @@ void ObjectItem::relationDrawn(const QString &id, ObjectItem *targetItem, const
                         elementType = targetItem->stereotypeIconId();
                     else if (!targetItem->shapeIconId().isEmpty())
                         elementType = targetItem->shapeIconId();
-                    else
-                        elementType = targetItem->elementType();
-                    if (!endItems.contains(elementType)) {
+                    if ((!elementType.isEmpty() && !endItems.contains(elementType))
+                         && !endItems.contains(targetItem->elementType()))
+                    {
                         return;
                     }
                     // create relation
@@ -498,6 +500,7 @@ void ObjectItem::updateStereotypes(const QString &stereotypeIconId, StereotypeIc
             m_stereotypeIcon = new CustomIconItem(m_diagramSceneModel, this);
         m_stereotypeIcon->setStereotypeIconId(stereotypeIconId);
         m_stereotypeIcon->setBaseSize(QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon->shapeWidth(), m_stereotypeIcon->shapeHeight()));
+        m_stereotypeIcon->setActualSize(QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon->shapeWidth(), m_stereotypeIcon->shapeHeight()));
         m_stereotypeIcon->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
         m_stereotypeIcon->setPen(style->innerLinePen());
     } else if (m_stereotypeIcon) {
@@ -518,45 +521,92 @@ void ObjectItem::updateStereotypes(const QString &stereotypeIconId, StereotypeIc
     }
 }
 
-QSizeF ObjectItem::stereotypeIconMinimumSize(const StereotypeIcon &stereotypeIcon,
+QSizeF ObjectItem::customIconItemMinimumSize(const CustomIconItem *customIconItem,
                                              qreal minimumWidth, qreal minimumHeight) const
 {
     Q_UNUSED(minimumWidth)
 
     qreal width = 0.0;
     qreal height = 0.0;
-    if (stereotypeIcon.hasMinWidth() && !stereotypeIcon.hasMinHeight()) {
-        width = stereotypeIcon.minWidth();
-        if (stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockHeight || stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockSize)
-            height = stereotypeIcon.minHeight();
-        else
-            height = width * stereotypeIcon.height() / stereotypeIcon.width();
-    } else if (!stereotypeIcon.hasMinWidth() && stereotypeIcon.hasMinHeight()) {
-        height = stereotypeIcon.minHeight();
-        if (stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockWidth || stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockSize)
-            width = stereotypeIcon.minWidth();
-        else
-            width = height * stereotypeIcon.width() / stereotypeIcon.height();
-    } else if (stereotypeIcon.hasMinWidth() && stereotypeIcon.hasMinHeight()) {
-        if (stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockRatio) {
+    if (customIconItem->hasImage()) {
+        const QImage &image = customIconItem->image();
+        width = minimumWidth;
+        height = image.height() * width / image.width();
+        if (height < minimumHeight) {
+            height = minimumHeight;
+            width = image.width() * height / image.height();
+        }
+    } else {
+        const StereotypeIcon &stereotypeIcon = customIconItem->stereotypeIcon();
+        if (stereotypeIcon.hasMinWidth() && !stereotypeIcon.hasMinHeight()) {
             width = stereotypeIcon.minWidth();
-            height = width * stereotypeIcon.height() / stereotypeIcon.width();
-            if (height < stereotypeIcon.minHeight()) {
+            if (stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockHeight || stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockSize)
                 height = stereotypeIcon.minHeight();
+            else
+                height = width * stereotypeIcon.height() / stereotypeIcon.width();
+        } else if (!stereotypeIcon.hasMinWidth() && stereotypeIcon.hasMinHeight()) {
+            height = stereotypeIcon.minHeight();
+            if (stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockWidth || stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockSize)
+                width = stereotypeIcon.minWidth();
+            else
                 width = height * stereotypeIcon.width() / stereotypeIcon.height();
-                QMT_CHECK(width <= stereotypeIcon.minWidth());
+        } else if (stereotypeIcon.hasMinWidth() && stereotypeIcon.hasMinHeight()) {
+            if (stereotypeIcon.sizeLock() == StereotypeIcon::LockRatio) {
+                width = stereotypeIcon.minWidth();
+                height = width * stereotypeIcon.height() / stereotypeIcon.width();
+                if (height < stereotypeIcon.minHeight()) {
+                    height = stereotypeIcon.minHeight();
+                    width = height * stereotypeIcon.width() / stereotypeIcon.height();
+                    QMT_CHECK(width <= stereotypeIcon.minWidth());
+                }
+            } else {
+                width = stereotypeIcon.minWidth();
+                height = stereotypeIcon.minHeight();
             }
         } else {
-            width = stereotypeIcon.minWidth();
-            height = stereotypeIcon.minHeight();
+            height = minimumHeight;
+            width = height * stereotypeIcon.width() / stereotypeIcon.height();
         }
-    } else {
-        height = minimumHeight;
-        width = height * stereotypeIcon.width() / stereotypeIcon.height();
     }
     return QSizeF(width, height);
 }
 
+void ObjectItem::correctAutoSize(const CustomIconItem* customIconItem, qreal &width, qreal &height, qreal minimumWidth, qreal minimumHeight) const
+{
+    if (customIconItem) {
+        if (customIconItem->hasImage()) {
+            width = customIconItem->image().width();
+            height = customIconItem->image().height();
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (width < minimumWidth)
+            width = minimumWidth;
+        if (height < minimumHeight)
+            height = minimumHeight;
+    }
+}
+
+void ObjectItem::updateCustomIcon(const Style *style)
+{
+    if (object()->hasImage()) {
+        if (!m_customIcon)
+            m_customIcon = new CustomIconItem(diagramSceneModel(), this);
+        m_customIcon->setImage(object()->image());
+        m_customIcon->setZValue(SHAPE_ZVALUE);
+    } else if (!shapeIconId().isEmpty()) {
+        if (!m_customIcon)
+            m_customIcon = new CustomIconItem(diagramSceneModel(), this);
+        m_customIcon->setStereotypeIconId(shapeIconId());
+        m_customIcon->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
+        m_customIcon->setPen(style->outerLinePen());
+        m_customIcon->setZValue(SHAPE_ZVALUE);
+    } else if (m_customIcon) {
+        m_customIcon->scene()->removeItem(m_customIcon);
+        delete m_customIcon;
+        m_customIcon = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
 bool ObjectItem::suppressTextDisplay() const
 {
     return m_shapeIcon.textAlignment() == StereotypeIcon::TextalignNone;
@@ -564,6 +614,7 @@ bool ObjectItem::suppressTextDisplay() const
 
 void ObjectItem::updateNameItem(const Style *style)
 {
+    QString display_name = buildDisplayName();
     if (!suppressTextDisplay()) {
         if (!m_nameItem) {
             m_nameItem = new EditableTextItem(this);
@@ -582,16 +633,18 @@ void ObjectItem::updateNameItem(const Style *style)
             QObject::connect(m_nameItem, &EditableTextItem::returnKeyPressed, m_nameItem,
                              [this] { this->m_nameItem->clearFocus(); });
         }
-        if (style->headerFont() != m_nameItem->font())
-            m_nameItem->setFont(style->headerFont());
+        QFont font = style->headerFont();
+        if (object()->hasLinkedFile())
+            font.setUnderline(true);
+        if (font != m_nameItem->font())
+            m_nameItem->setFont(font);
         if (style->textBrush().color() != m_nameItem->defaultTextColor())
             m_nameItem->setDefaultTextColor(style->textBrush().color());
         if (!m_nameItem->hasFocus()) {
-            QString name = buildDisplayName();
-            if (name != m_nameItem->toPlainText())
-                m_nameItem->setPlainText(name);
+            if (display_name != m_nameItem->toPlainText())
+                m_nameItem->setPlainText(display_name);
         }
-    } else if (m_nameItem ){
+    } else if (m_nameItem) {
         m_nameItem->scene()->removeItem(m_nameItem);
         delete m_nameItem;
         m_nameItem = nullptr;
@@ -621,30 +674,45 @@ void ObjectItem::setObjectName(const QString &objectName)
 
 void ObjectItem::updateDepth()
 {
-    setZValue(m_object->depth());
+    int depth_delta = 0;
+    switch (m_shapeIcon.depthLayer()) {
+    case StereotypeIcon::DepthBehindItems:
+        depth_delta = -1;
+        break;
+    case StereotypeIcon::DepthAmongItems:
+        depth_delta = 0;
+        break;
+    case StereotypeIcon::DepthBeforeItems:
+        depth_delta = 1;
+        break;
+    }
+    setZValue(m_object->depth() + depth_delta);
 }
 
-void ObjectItem::updateSelectionMarker(CustomIconItem *customIconItem)
+void ObjectItem::updateSelectionMarker(const CustomIconItem *customIconItem)
 {
     if (customIconItem) {
-        StereotypeIcon stereotypeIcon = customIconItem->stereotypeIcon();
         ResizeFlags resizeFlags = ResizeUnlocked;
-        switch (stereotypeIcon.sizeLock()) {
-        case StereotypeIcon::LockNone:
-            resizeFlags = ResizeUnlocked;
-            break;
-        case StereotypeIcon::LockWidth:
-            resizeFlags = ResizeLockedWidth;
-            break;
-        case StereotypeIcon::LockHeight:
-            resizeFlags = ResizeLockedHeight;
-            break;
-        case StereotypeIcon::LockSize:
-            resizeFlags = ResizeLockedSize;
-            break;
-        case StereotypeIcon::LockRatio:
+        if (customIconItem->hasImage()) {
             resizeFlags = ResizeLockedRatio;
-            break;
+        } else {
+            switch (customIconItem->stereotypeIcon().sizeLock()) {
+            case StereotypeIcon::LockNone:
+                resizeFlags = ResizeUnlocked;
+                break;
+            case StereotypeIcon::LockWidth:
+                resizeFlags = ResizeLockedWidth;
+                break;
+            case StereotypeIcon::LockHeight:
+                resizeFlags = ResizeLockedHeight;
+                break;
+            case StereotypeIcon::LockSize:
+                resizeFlags = ResizeLockedSize;
+                break;
+            case StereotypeIcon::LockRatio:
+                resizeFlags = ResizeLockedRatio;
+                break;
+            }
         }
         updateSelectionMarker(resizeFlags);
     } else {
@@ -990,6 +1058,10 @@ void ObjectItem::contextMenuEvent(QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent *event)
         addSeparator = true;
     if (element_tasks->extendContextMenu(object(), diagramSceneModel()->diagram(), &menu))
         addSeparator = true;
+    if (element_tasks->hasLinkedFile(m_object, m_diagramSceneModel->diagram())) {
+        menu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Open Linked File"), "openLinkedFile", &menu));
+        addSeparator = true;
+    }
     if (addSeparator)
         menu.addSeparator();
     menu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Remove"), "remove",
@@ -1000,12 +1072,12 @@ void ObjectItem::contextMenuEvent(QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent *event)
     QMenu alignMenu;
     alignMenu.setTitle(Tr::tr("Align Objects"));
     alignMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Align Left"), "alignLeft", &alignMenu));
-    alignMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Center Vertically"), "centerVertically",
+    alignMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Center Horizontally"), "centerHorizontally",
                                               &alignMenu));
     alignMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Align Right"), "alignRight", &alignMenu));
     alignMenu.addSeparator();
     alignMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Align Top"), "alignTop", &alignMenu));
-    alignMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Center Horizontally"), "centerHorizontally",
+    alignMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Center Vertically"), "centerVertically",
                                               &alignMenu));
     alignMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Align Bottom"), "alignBottom", &alignMenu));
     alignMenu.addSeparator();
@@ -1022,7 +1094,6 @@ void ObjectItem::contextMenuEvent(QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent *event)
     layoutMenu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Equal Vertical Space"), "sameVBorderDistance", &alignMenu));
     layoutMenu.setEnabled(m_diagramSceneModel->hasMultiObjectsSelection());
     menu.addMenu(&layoutMenu);
-    menu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Add Related Elements"), "addRelatedElements", &menu));
 
     QAction *selectedAction = menu.exec(event->screenPos());
     if (selectedAction) {
@@ -1035,6 +1106,8 @@ void ObjectItem::contextMenuEvent(QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent *event)
                 m_diagramSceneModel->diagramSceneController()->elementTasks()->openDiagram(m_object, m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
             } else if (action->id() == "createDiagram") {
                 m_diagramSceneModel->diagramSceneController()->elementTasks()->createAndOpenDiagram(m_object, m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
+            } else if (action->id() == "openLinkedFile") {
+                m_diagramSceneModel->diagramSceneController()->elementTasks()->openLinkedFile(m_object, m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
             } else if (action->id() == "remove") {
                 DSelection selection = m_diagramSceneModel->selectedElements();
                 if (selection.isEmpty())
@@ -1073,11 +1146,6 @@ void ObjectItem::contextMenuEvent(QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent *event)
                 align(IAlignable::AlignHeight, "height");
             } else if (action->id() == "sameSize") {
                 align(IAlignable::AlignSize, "size");
-            } else if (action->id() == "addRelatedElements") {
-                DSelection selection = m_diagramSceneModel->selectedElements();
-                if (selection.isEmpty())
-                    selection.append(m_object->uid(), m_diagramSceneModel->diagram()->uid());
-                m_diagramSceneModel->diagramSceneController()->addRelatedElements(selection, m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/objectitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/objectitem.h
index e7acd5705c..254ef215ca 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/objectitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/objectitem.h
@@ -120,8 +120,12 @@ protected:
                            StereotypeIcon::Display stereotypeDisplay, const Style *style);
     StereotypesItem *stereotypesItem() const { return m_stereotypesItem; }
     CustomIconItem *stereotypeIconItem() const { return m_stereotypeIcon; }
-    QSizeF stereotypeIconMinimumSize(const StereotypeIcon &stereotypeIcon, qreal minimumWidth,
+    CustomIconItem *customIconItem() const { return m_customIcon; }
+    QSizeF customIconItemMinimumSize(const CustomIconItem* customIconItem, qreal minimumWidth,
                                      qreal minimumHeight) const;
+    void correctAutoSize(const CustomIconItem *customIconItem, qreal& width, qreal& height,
+                           qreal minimumWidth, qreal minimumHeight) const;
+    void updateCustomIcon(const Style* style);
     bool suppressTextDisplay() const;
     void updateNameItem(const Style *style);
     EditableTextItem *nameItem() const { return m_nameItem; }
@@ -130,7 +134,7 @@ protected:
     void setObjectName(const QString &objectName);
 
     void updateDepth();
-    void updateSelectionMarker(CustomIconItem *customIconItem);
+    void updateSelectionMarker(const CustomIconItem* customIconItem);
     void updateSelectionMarker(ResizeFlags resizeFlags);
     void updateSelectionMarkerGeometry(const QRectF &objectRect);
     void updateRelationStarter();
@@ -169,6 +173,7 @@ private:
     StereotypeIcon::Display m_stereotypeIconDisplay = StereotypeIcon::DisplayLabel;
     StereotypesItem *m_stereotypesItem = nullptr;
     CustomIconItem *m_stereotypeIcon = nullptr;
+    CustomIconItem *m_customIcon = nullptr;
     EditableTextItem *m_nameItem = nullptr;
     RectangularSelectionItem *m_selectionMarker = nullptr;
     RelationStarter *m_relationStarter = nullptr;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/packageitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/packageitem.cpp
index b473d17ec8..03e6d8d0f5 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/packageitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/packageitem.cpp
@@ -64,23 +64,10 @@ void PackageItem::update()
 
     const Style *style = adaptedStyle(stereotypeIconId());
 
-    // custom icon
-    if (stereotypeIconDisplay() == StereotypeIcon::DisplayIcon) {
-        if (!m_customIcon)
-            m_customIcon = new CustomIconItem(diagramSceneModel(), this);
-        m_customIcon->setStereotypeIconId(stereotypeIconId());
-        m_customIcon->setBaseSize(stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(), CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT));
-        m_customIcon->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
-        m_customIcon->setPen(style->outerLinePen());
-        m_customIcon->setZValue(SHAPE_ZVALUE);
-    } else if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->scene()->removeItem(m_customIcon);
-        delete m_customIcon;
-        m_customIcon = nullptr;
-    }
+    updateCustomIcon(style);
 
     // shape
-    if (!m_customIcon) {
+    if (!customIconItem()) {
         if (!m_shape)
             m_shape = new QGraphicsPolygonItem(this);
         m_shape->setBrush(style->fillBrush());
@@ -111,7 +98,7 @@ void PackageItem::update()
         m_contextLabel = nullptr;
     }
 
-    updateSelectionMarker(m_customIcon);
+    updateSelectionMarker(customIconItem());
     updateRelationStarter();
     updateAlignmentButtons();
     updateGeometry();
@@ -119,8 +106,8 @@ void PackageItem::update()
 
 bool PackageItem::intersectShapeWithLine(const QLineF &line, QPointF *intersectionPoint, QLineF *intersectionLine) const
 {
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = m_customIcon->outline();
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QList<QPolygonF> polygons = customIconItem()->outline();
         for (int i = 0; i < polygons.size(); ++i)
             polygons[i].translate(object()->pos() + object()->rect().topLeft());
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() == qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow) {
@@ -169,8 +156,8 @@ PackageItem::ShapeGeometry PackageItem::calcMinimumGeometry() const
     double width = 0.0;
     double height = 0.0;
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        QSizeF sz = stereotypeIconMinimumSize(m_customIcon->stereotypeIcon(),
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        QSizeF sz = customIconItemMinimumSize(customIconItem(),
                                               CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, CUSTOM_ICON_MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT);
         if (shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignTop
                 && shapeIcon().textAlignment() != qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignCenter)
@@ -244,12 +231,7 @@ void PackageItem::updateGeometry()
 
     // calc width and height
     if (object()->isAutoSized()) {
-        if (!m_customIcon) {
-            if (width < MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH)
-                width = MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH;
-            if (height < MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT)
-                height = MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT;
-        }
+        correctAutoSize(customIconItem(), width, height, MINIMUM_AUTO_WIDTH, MINIMUM_AUTO_HEIGHT);
     } else {
         QRectF rect = object()->rect();
         if (rect.width() > width)
@@ -273,9 +255,9 @@ void PackageItem::updateGeometry()
     // a backup for the graphics item used for manual resized and persistency.
     object()->setRect(rect);
 
-    if (m_customIcon) {
-        m_customIcon->setPos(left, top);
-        m_customIcon->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
+    if (customIconItem()) {
+        customIconItem()->setPos(left, top);
+        customIconItem()->setActualSize(QSizeF(width, height));
 
         switch (shapeIcon().textAlignment()) {
         case qmt::StereotypeIcon::TextalignBelow:
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/packageitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/packageitem.h
index 19c2fe54ab..f87af2fa35 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/packageitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/packageitem.h
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ private:
     ShapeGeometry calcMinimumGeometry() const;
     void updateGeometry();
 
-    CustomIconItem *m_customIcon = nullptr;
     QGraphicsPolygonItem *m_shape = nullptr;
     ContextLabelItem *m_contextLabel = nullptr;
 };
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/relationitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/relationitem.cpp
index a2f444f59e..ca9dd8c3a2 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/relationitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/relationitem.cpp
@@ -380,7 +380,12 @@ void RelationItem::setHandlePos(int index, const QPointF &pos)
     }
 }
 
-void RelationItem::dropHandle(int index, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight)
+static inline bool between(double v, double mid, double range)
+{
+    return v >= mid-range && v <= mid+range;
+}
+
+void RelationItem::dropHandle(int index, bool extraSnap, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight)
 {
     if (index == 0) {
         m_grabbedEndA = false;
@@ -398,9 +403,40 @@ void RelationItem::dropHandle(int index, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight
         QMT_ASSERT(index >= 0 && index < intermediatePoints.size(), return);
 
         QPointF pos = intermediatePoints.at(index).pos();
-        double x = qRound(pos.x() / rasterWidth) * rasterWidth;
-        double y = qRound(pos.y() / rasterHeight) * rasterHeight;
-        intermediatePoints[index].setPos(QPointF(x, y));
+        static constexpr int ANGLE = 20.0;
+        bool roundX = true;
+        bool roundY = true;
+        if (extraSnap) {
+            if (index >= 1) {
+                double angle = GeometryUtilities::calcAngle(QLineF(intermediatePoints.at(index).pos(),
+                    intermediatePoints.at(index - 1).pos()));
+                if (between(qAbs(angle), 90, ANGLE)) {
+                    pos.setX(intermediatePoints.at(index - 1).pos().x());
+                    roundX = false;
+                }
+                if (between(angle, 0, ANGLE) || between(qAbs(angle), 180, ANGLE)) {
+                    pos.setY(intermediatePoints.at(index - 1).pos().y());
+                    roundY = false;
+                }
+            }
+            if (index < intermediatePoints.size() - 1) {
+                double angle = GeometryUtilities::calcAngle(QLineF(intermediatePoints.at(index).pos(),
+                    intermediatePoints.at(index + 1).pos()));
+                if (between(qAbs(angle), 90, ANGLE)) {
+                    pos.setX(intermediatePoints.at(index + 1).pos().x());
+                    roundX = false;
+                }
+                if (between(angle, 0, ANGLE) || between(qAbs(angle), 180, ANGLE)) {
+                    pos.setY(intermediatePoints.at(index + 1).pos().y());
+                    roundY = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (roundX)
+            pos.setX(qRound(pos.x() / rasterWidth) * rasterWidth);
+        if (roundY)
+            pos.setY(qRound(pos.y() / rasterHeight) * rasterHeight);
+        intermediatePoints[index].setPos(pos);
 
         m_diagramSceneModel->diagramController()->startUpdateElement(m_relation, m_diagramSceneModel->diagram(), DiagramController::UpdateMinor);
         m_relation->setIntermediatePoints(intermediatePoints);
@@ -507,9 +543,11 @@ void RelationItem::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
 
 const Style *RelationItem::adaptedStyle()
 {
-    DObject *endAObject = m_diagramSceneModel->diagramController()->findElement<DObject>(m_relation->endAUid(), m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
-    DObject *endBObject = m_diagramSceneModel->diagramController()->findElement<DObject>(m_relation->endBUid(), m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
-    StyledRelation styledRelation(m_relation, endAObject, endBObject);
+    const DObject *endAObject = m_diagramSceneModel->diagramController()->findElement<DObject>(m_relation->endAUid(), m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
+    const DObject *endBObject = m_diagramSceneModel->diagramController()->findElement<DObject>(m_relation->endBUid(), m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
+    const CustomRelation customRelation = m_diagramSceneModel->stereotypeController()
+                                              ->findCustomRelationByStereotype(m_relation->stereotypes().value(0));
+    StyledRelation styledRelation(m_relation, endAObject, endBObject, &customRelation);
     return m_diagramSceneModel->styleController()->adaptRelationStyle(styledRelation);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/relationitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/relationitem.h
index a43b8b2749..0980d232e4 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/relationitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/relationitem.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public:
     void insertHandle(int beforeIndex, const QPointF &pos, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight) override;
     void deleteHandle(int index) override;
     void setHandlePos(int index, const QPointF &pos) override;
-    void dropHandle(int index, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight) override;
+    void dropHandle(int index, bool extraSnap, double rasterWidth, double rasterHeight) override;
 
     virtual void update();
 
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/stereotypedisplayvisitor.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/stereotypedisplayvisitor.cpp
index ad668f6bee..9313327c87 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/stereotypedisplayvisitor.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/items/stereotypedisplayvisitor.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ void StereotypeDisplayVisitor::visitDObject(const DObject *object)
     DObject::StereotypeDisplay stereotypeDisplay = object->stereotypeDisplay();
     m_stereotypeIconId = m_stereotypeController->findStereotypeIconId(m_stereotypeIconElement, object->stereotypes());
 
-    if (m_stereotypeIconId.isEmpty() && stereotypeDisplay == DObject::StereotypeIcon) {
+    if (object->hasImage() && stereotypeDisplay == DObject::StereotypeSmart) {
+        stereotypeDisplay = DObject::StereotypeLabel;
+    } else if (m_stereotypeIconId.isEmpty() && stereotypeDisplay == DObject::StereotypeIcon) {
         stereotypeDisplay = DObject::StereotypeLabel;
     } else if (!m_stereotypeIconId.isEmpty() && stereotypeDisplay == DObject::StereotypeSmart) {
         StereotypeIcon stereotypeIcon = m_stereotypeController->findStereotypeIcon(m_stereotypeIconId);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/arrowitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/arrowitem.cpp
index 3a14eb10d9..632da76f05 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/arrowitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/arrowitem.cpp
@@ -384,27 +384,29 @@ void ArrowItem::updateShaft(const Style *style)
     QMT_ASSERT(m_shaftItem, return);
 
     QPen pen(style->linePen());
+    pen.setCapStyle(Qt::FlatCap);
+
+    auto scale = [&pen](qreal v) {
+        return v / ((pen.widthF() - 1.0) / 2.0 + 1.0);
+    };
+
     switch (m_shaft) {
     case ShaftSolid:
         break;
     case ShaftDashed:
-        pen.setDashPattern(QVector<qreal>()
-                           << (4.0 / pen.widthF()) << (4.0 / pen.widthF()));
+        pen.setDashPattern(QVector<qreal>() << scale(5.0) << scale(3.0));
         break;
     case ShaftDot:
-        pen.setDashPattern(QVector<qreal>()
-                           << (2.0 / pen.widthF()) << (2.0 / pen.widthF()));
+        pen.setDashPattern(QVector<qreal>() << scale(3.0) << scale(3.0));
         break;
     case ShaftDashDot:
-        pen.setDashPattern(QVector<qreal>()
-                           << (4.0 / pen.widthF()) << (2.0 / pen.widthF())
-                           << (2.0 / pen.widthF()) << (2.0 / pen.widthF()));
+        pen.setDashPattern(QVector<qreal>() << scale(5.0) << scale(3.0)
+                                            << scale(3.0) << scale(3.0));
         break;
     case ShaftDashDotDot:
-        pen.setDashPattern(QVector<qreal>()
-                           << (4.0 / pen.widthF()) << (2.0 / pen.widthF())
-                           << (2.0 / pen.widthF()) << (2.0 / pen.widthF())
-                           << (2.0 / pen.widthF()) << (2.0 / pen.widthF()));
+        pen.setDashPattern(QVector<qreal>() << scale(5.0) << scale(3.0)
+                                            << scale(3.0) << scale(3.0)
+                                            << scale(3.0) << scale(3.0));
         break;
     }
     m_shaftItem->setPen(pen);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/customiconitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/customiconitem.cpp
index 066f9b7875..36e4c4f789 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/customiconitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/customiconitem.cpp
@@ -57,55 +57,97 @@ void CustomIconItem::setPen(const QPen &pen)
     m_pen = pen;
 }
 
+void CustomIconItem::setImage(const QImage &image)
+{
+    m_image = image;
+}
+
 double CustomIconItem::shapeWidth() const
 {
-    return m_stereotypeIcon.width();
+    if (!m_image.isNull())
+        return m_image.width();
+    return m_stereotypeIcon.hasIconWidth() ? m_stereotypeIcon.iconWidth()
+                                           : m_stereotypeIcon.width();
 }
 
 double CustomIconItem::shapeHeight() const
 {
-    return m_stereotypeIcon.height();
+    if (!m_image.isNull())
+        return m_image.height();
+    return m_stereotypeIcon.hasIconHeight() ? m_stereotypeIcon.iconHeight()
+                                            : m_stereotypeIcon.height();
 }
 
 QRectF CustomIconItem::boundingRect() const
 {
-    ShapeSizeVisitor visitor(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()), m_baseSize, m_actualSize);
+    if (!m_image.isNull())
+        return QRectF(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), m_actualSize) | childrenBoundingRect();
+    ShapeSizeVisitor visitor(QPointF(0.0, 0.0),
+                             QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()),
+                             m_baseSize,
+                             m_actualSize);
     m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape().visitShapes(&visitor);
     return visitor.boundingRect() | childrenBoundingRect();
 }
 
-void CustomIconItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)
+void CustomIconItem::paint(QPainter *painter,
+                           const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
+                           QWidget *widget)
 {
     Q_UNUSED(option)
     Q_UNUSED(widget)
 
     painter->save();
-    painter->setBrush(m_brush);
-    painter->setPen(m_pen);
+    if (!m_image.isNull()) {
+        painter->drawImage(QRectF(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), m_actualSize), m_image);
+    } else {
+        painter->setBrush(m_brush);
+        painter->setPen(m_pen);
 #ifdef DEBUG_OUTLINE
-    ShapePolygonVisitor visitor(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()), m_baseSize, m_actualSize);
-    IconShape shape = m_stereotypeIcon.outlineShape();
-    if (shape.isEmpty())
-        shape = m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape();
-    shape.visitShapes(&visitor);
-    painter->drawPath(visitor.path());
-    ShapePaintVisitor visitor1(painter, QPointF(0.0, 0.0), QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()), m_baseSize, m_actualSize);
-    m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape().visitShapes(&visitor1);
+        ShapePolygonVisitor visitor(QPointF(0.0, 0.0),
+                                    QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()),
+                                    m_baseSize,
+                                    m_actualSize);
+        IconShape shape = m_stereotypeIcon.outlineShape();
+        if (shape.isEmpty())
+            shape = m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape();
+        shape.visitShapes(&visitor);
+        painter->drawPath(visitor.path());
+        ShapePaintVisitor visitor1(painter,
+                                   QPointF(0.0, 0.0),
+                                   QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()),
+                                   m_baseSize,
+                                   m_actualSize);
+        m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape().visitShapes(&visitor1);
 #else
-    ShapePaintVisitor visitor(painter, QPointF(0.0, 0.0), QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()), m_baseSize, m_actualSize);
-    m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape().visitShapes(&visitor);
+        ShapePaintVisitor visitor(painter,
+                                  QPointF(0.0, 0.0),
+                                  QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()),
+                                  m_baseSize,
+                                  m_actualSize);
+        m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape().visitShapes(&visitor);
 #endif
+    }
     painter->restore();
 }
 
 QList<QPolygonF> CustomIconItem::outline() const
 {
-    ShapePolygonVisitor visitor(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()), m_baseSize, m_actualSize);
-    IconShape shape = m_stereotypeIcon.outlineShape();
-    if (shape.isEmpty())
-        shape = m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape();
-    shape.visitShapes(&visitor);
-    return visitor.toPolygons();
+    if (!m_image.isNull()) {
+        QList<QPolygonF> polygons;
+        polygons.append(QPolygonF(QRectF(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), m_actualSize)));
+        return polygons;
+    } else {
+        ShapePolygonVisitor visitor(QPointF(0.0, 0.0),
+                                    QSizeF(m_stereotypeIcon.width(), m_stereotypeIcon.height()),
+                                    m_baseSize,
+                                    m_actualSize);
+        IconShape shape = m_stereotypeIcon.outlineShape();
+        if (shape.isEmpty())
+            shape = m_stereotypeIcon.iconShape();
+        shape.visitShapes(&visitor);
+        return visitor.toPolygons();
+    }
 }
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/customiconitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/customiconitem.h
index 7f85e87516..f61db552ac 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/customiconitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/customiconitem.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.h"
 
 #include <QBrush>
+#include <QImage>
 #include <QPen>
 
 namespace qmt {
@@ -26,6 +27,9 @@ public:
     void setActualSize(const QSizeF &actualSize);
     void setBrush(const QBrush &brush);
     void setPen(const QPen &pen);
+    QImage image() const { return m_image; }
+    bool hasImage() const { return !m_image.isNull(); }
+    void setImage(const QImage &image);
     StereotypeIcon stereotypeIcon() const { return m_stereotypeIcon; }
     double shapeWidth() const;
     double shapeHeight() const;
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@ private:
     QSizeF m_actualSize;
     QBrush m_brush;
     QPen m_pen;
+    QImage m_image;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/editabletextitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/editabletextitem.cpp
index 60275cb5ec..185321d84c 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/editabletextitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/editabletextitem.cpp
@@ -13,13 +13,18 @@ namespace qmt {
 EditableTextItem::EditableTextItem(QGraphicsItem *parent)
     : QGraphicsTextItem(parent)
 {
-    setTextInteractionFlags(Qt::TextEditorInteraction);
+    setTextInteractionFlags(Qt::NoTextInteraction);
 }
 
 EditableTextItem::~EditableTextItem()
 {
 }
 
+void EditableTextItem::setEditable(bool editable)
+{
+    setTextInteractionFlags(editable ? Qt::TextEditorInteraction : Qt::NoTextInteraction);
+}
+
 void EditableTextItem::setShowFocus(bool showFocus)
 {
     m_showFocus = showFocus;
@@ -72,13 +77,6 @@ void EditableTextItem::keyReleaseEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
         QGraphicsTextItem::keyReleaseEvent(event);
 }
 
-void EditableTextItem::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)
-{
-    scene()->clearSelection();
-    parentItem()->setSelected(true);
-    QGraphicsTextItem::mousePressEvent(event);
-}
-
 void EditableTextItem::focusOutEvent(QFocusEvent *event)
 {
     QGraphicsTextItem::focusOutEvent(event);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/editabletextitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/editabletextitem.h
index 7c361b72fd..b18bf85cfc 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/editabletextitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/editabletextitem.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ signals:
     void returnKeyPressed();
 
 public:
+    void setEditable(bool editable);
     void setShowFocus(bool showFocus);
     void setFilterReturnKey(bool filterReturnKey);
     void setFilterTabKey(bool filterTabKey);
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ public:
 protected:
     void keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event) override;
     void keyReleaseEvent(QKeyEvent *event) override;
-    void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) override;
     void focusOutEvent(QFocusEvent *event) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/pathselectionitem.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/pathselectionitem.cpp
index 8206a7fe9a..231b78a3a0 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/pathselectionitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/pathselectionitem.cpp
@@ -79,7 +79,10 @@ protected:
     {
         m_lastPos = event->scenePos();
         QPointF delta = m_lastPos - m_startPos;
-        m_owner->moveHandle(m_pointIndex, delta, Release, m_qualifier);
+        HandleQualifier qualifier = m_qualifier;
+        if (qualifier == None && (event->modifiers() & Qt::ShiftModifier) != 0)
+            qualifier = SnapHandle;
+        m_owner->moveHandle(m_pointIndex, delta, Release, qualifier);
         clearFocus();
     }
 
@@ -267,6 +270,7 @@ void PathSelectionItem::moveHandle(int pointIndex, const QPointF &deltaMove, Han
 {
     switch (handleQualifier) {
     case None:
+    case SnapHandle:
     {
         if (handleStatus == Press) {
             m_focusHandleItem = m_handles.at(pointIndex);
@@ -275,13 +279,13 @@ void PathSelectionItem::moveHandle(int pointIndex, const QPointF &deltaMove, Han
         QPointF newPos = m_originalHandlePos + deltaMove;
         m_windable->setHandlePos(pointIndex, newPos);
         if (handleStatus == Release) {
-            m_windable->dropHandle(pointIndex, RASTER_WIDTH, RASTER_HEIGHT);
+            m_windable->dropHandle(pointIndex, handleQualifier == SnapHandle, RASTER_WIDTH, RASTER_HEIGHT);
             m_focusHandleItem = nullptr;
         }
         break;
     }
     case DeleteHandle:
-        if (handleStatus == Press)
+        if (handleStatus == Release)
             m_windable->deleteHandle(pointIndex);
         break;
     }
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/pathselectionitem.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/pathselectionitem.h
index 0c4891948a..06a2d36c49 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/pathselectionitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/pathselectionitem.h
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ class PathSelectionItem : public QGraphicsItem
 
     enum HandleQualifier {
         None,
-        DeleteHandle
+        DeleteHandle,
+        SnapHandle
     };
 
 public:
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/relationstarter.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/relationstarter.cpp
index 26b8ebc1c4..49bca85162 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/relationstarter.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_scene/parts/relationstarter.cpp
@@ -121,11 +121,13 @@ void RelationStarter::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
             m_currentPreviewArrowIntermediatePoints.append(p);
             // Do not update the preview arrow here because last two points are now identical which looks wired
         }
+        event->accept();
     } else if (event->key() == Qt::Key_Control) {
         if (!m_currentPreviewArrowIntermediatePoints.isEmpty()) {
             m_currentPreviewArrowIntermediatePoints.removeLast();
             updateCurrentPreviewArrow(m_currentPreviewArrow->lastLineSegment().p1());
         }
+        event->accept();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_widgets_ui/diagramview.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_widgets_ui/diagramview.cpp
index 5634c4eb7f..555dc812e6 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_widgets_ui/diagramview.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_widgets_ui/diagramview.cpp
@@ -14,9 +14,14 @@
 #include <QDragLeaveEvent>
 #include <QDropEvent>
 #include <QMimeData>
+#include <QScrollBar>
 
 namespace qmt {
 
+namespace {
+const qreal ADJUSTMENT = 80;
+};
+
 DiagramView::DiagramView(QWidget *parent)
     : QGraphicsView(parent)
 {
@@ -25,6 +30,9 @@ DiagramView::DiagramView(QWidget *parent)
     setDragMode(QGraphicsView::RubberBandDrag);
     setFrameShape(QFrame::NoFrame);
     setRenderHints(QPainter::Antialiasing | QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform);
+    m_panTimer.setInterval(200);
+    m_panTimer.setSingleShot(false);
+    connect(&m_panTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &DiagramView::onPanTimeout);
 }
 
 DiagramView::~DiagramView()
@@ -104,7 +112,7 @@ void DiagramView::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event)
                 if (diagramSceneController->isAddingAllowed(Uid(QUuid(key)),
                                                             m_diagramSceneModel->diagram())) {
                     diagramSceneController->addExistingModelElement(Uid(QUuid(key)),
-                                                                    mapToScene(event->pos()),
+                                                                    mapToScene(event->position().toPoint()),
                                                                     m_diagramSceneModel->diagram());
                 }
             }
@@ -118,10 +126,10 @@ void DiagramView::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event)
             QString stereotype;
             dataStream >> newElementId >> name >> stereotype;
             if (!newElementId.isEmpty()) {
-                QPointF pos = mapToScene(event->pos());
+                QPointF pos = mapToScene(event->position().toPoint());
                 diagramSceneController->dropNewElement(
                             newElementId, name, stereotype, m_diagramSceneModel->findTopmostElement(pos),
-                            pos, m_diagramSceneModel->diagram(), event->pos(), size());
+                            pos, m_diagramSceneModel->diagram(), event->position().toPoint(), size());
             }
         }
         event->accept();
@@ -130,12 +138,41 @@ void DiagramView::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event)
     }
 }
 
+void DiagramView::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
+{
+    m_panTimer.start();
+    QGraphicsView::mousePressEvent(event);
+}
+
+void DiagramView::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
+{
+    m_panTimer.stop();
+    QGraphicsView::mouseReleaseEvent(event);
+}
+
+void DiagramView::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
+{
+    QGraphicsView::mouseMoveEvent(event);
+    m_lastMouse = event->pos();
+}
+
 void DiagramView::onSceneRectChanged(const QRectF &sceneRect)
 {
     // add some adjustment to all 4 sides
-    static const qreal ADJUSTMENT = 80;
     QRectF rect = sceneRect.adjusted(-ADJUSTMENT, -ADJUSTMENT, ADJUSTMENT, ADJUSTMENT);
     setSceneRect(rect);
 }
 
+void DiagramView::onPanTimeout()
+{
+    if (m_lastMouse.x() < ADJUSTMENT)
+        horizontalScrollBar()->triggerAction(QScrollBar::SliderSingleStepSub);
+    else if (m_lastMouse.x() > viewport()->size().width() - ADJUSTMENT)
+        horizontalScrollBar()->triggerAction(QScrollBar::SliderSingleStepAdd);
+    if (m_lastMouse.y() < ADJUSTMENT)
+        verticalScrollBar()->triggerAction(QScrollBar::SliderSingleStepSub);
+    else if (m_lastMouse.y() > viewport()->size().height() - ADJUSTMENT)
+        verticalScrollBar()->triggerAction(QScrollBar::SliderSingleStepAdd);
+}
+
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_widgets_ui/diagramview.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_widgets_ui/diagramview.h
index 41386f09bd..4eee60ff44 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_widgets_ui/diagramview.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/diagram_widgets_ui/diagramview.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
 
 #include <QPointer>
+#include <QTimer>
 
 namespace qmt {
 
@@ -27,11 +28,17 @@ protected:
     void dragLeaveEvent(QDragLeaveEvent *event) override;
     void dragMoveEvent(QDragMoveEvent *event) override;
     void dropEvent(QDropEvent *event) override;
+    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) override;
+    void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event) override;
+    void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event) override;
 
 private:
     void onSceneRectChanged(const QRectF &sceneRect);
+    void onPanTimeout();
 
     QPointer<DiagramSceneModel> m_diagramSceneModel;
+    QPointF m_lastMouse;
+    QTimer m_panTimer;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/document_controller/documentcontroller.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/document_controller/documentcontroller.cpp
index 68184d2fb5..696fc30558 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/document_controller/documentcontroller.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/document_controller/documentcontroller.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 
 #include "../../modelinglibtr.h"
 
-#include <QFileInfo>
+using Utils::FilePath;
 
 namespace qmt {
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ MDiagram *DocumentController::findOrCreateRootDiagram()
     return rootDiagram;
 }
 
-void DocumentController::createNewProject(const QString &fileName)
+void DocumentController::createNewProject(const FilePath &fileName)
 {
     m_diagramsManager->removeAllDiagrams();
     m_treeModel->setModelController(nullptr);
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ void DocumentController::createNewProject(const QString &fileName)
     m_modelController->setRootPackage(m_projectController->project()->rootPackage());
 }
 
-void DocumentController::loadProject(const QString &fileName)
+void DocumentController::loadProject(const FilePath &fileName)
 {
     m_diagramsManager->removeAllDiagrams();
     m_treeModel->setModelController(nullptr);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/document_controller/documentcontroller.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/document_controller/documentcontroller.h
index 8053d189e0..9c5188e3f7 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/document_controller/documentcontroller.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/document_controller/documentcontroller.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
 #include "qmt/model_controller/modelcontroller.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 class ProjectController;
@@ -77,8 +79,8 @@ public:
     MDiagram *findRootDiagram();
     MDiagram *findOrCreateRootDiagram();
 
-    void createNewProject(const QString &fileName);
-    void loadProject(const QString &fileName);
+    void createNewProject(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
+    void loadProject(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
 
 private:
     ProjectController *m_projectController = nullptr;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/infrastructure/ioexceptions.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/infrastructure/ioexceptions.cpp
index 4af8df9236..bb11a4d566 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/infrastructure/ioexceptions.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/infrastructure/ioexceptions.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 
 #include <QObject>
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 IOException::IOException(const QString &errorMsg)
@@ -14,39 +16,39 @@ IOException::IOException(const QString &errorMsg)
 {
 }
 
-FileIOException::FileIOException(const QString &errorMsg, const QString &fileName, int lineNumber)
+FileIOException::FileIOException(const QString &errorMsg, const FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber)
     : IOException(errorMsg),
       m_fileName(fileName),
       m_lineNumber(lineNumber)
 {
 }
 
-FileNotFoundException::FileNotFoundException(const QString &fileName)
+FileNotFoundException::FileNotFoundException(const FilePath &fileName)
     : FileIOException(Tr::tr("File not found."), fileName)
 {
 }
 
-FileCreationException::FileCreationException(const QString &fileName)
+FileCreationException::FileCreationException(const FilePath &fileName)
     : FileIOException(Tr::tr("Unable to create file."), fileName)
 {
 }
 
-FileWriteError::FileWriteError(const QString &fileName, int lineNumber)
+FileWriteError::FileWriteError(const FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber)
     : FileIOException(Tr::tr("Writing to file failed."), fileName, lineNumber)
 {
 }
 
-FileReadError::FileReadError(const QString &fileName, int lineNumber)
+FileReadError::FileReadError(const FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber)
     : FileIOException(Tr::tr("Reading from file failed."), fileName, lineNumber)
 {
 }
 
-IllegalXmlFile::IllegalXmlFile(const QString &fileName, int lineNumber)
+IllegalXmlFile::IllegalXmlFile(const FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber)
     : FileIOException(Tr::tr("Illegal XML file."), fileName, lineNumber)
 {
 }
 
-UnknownFileVersion::UnknownFileVersion(int version, const QString &fileName, int lineNumber)
+UnknownFileVersion::UnknownFileVersion(int version, const FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber)
     : FileIOException(Tr::tr("Unable to handle file version %1.")
                       .arg(version), fileName, lineNumber)
 {
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/infrastructure/ioexceptions.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/infrastructure/ioexceptions.h
index aece890529..7dc91ff4ba 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/infrastructure/ioexceptions.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/infrastructure/ioexceptions.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 #include "exceptions.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 class IOException : public Exception
@@ -16,51 +18,51 @@ public:
 class FileIOException : public IOException
 {
 public:
-    explicit FileIOException(const QString &errorMsg, const QString &fileName = QString(),
+    explicit FileIOException(const QString &errorMsg, const Utils::FilePath &fileName = {},
                              int lineNumber = -1);
 
-    QString fileName() const { return m_fileName; }
+    Utils::FilePath fileName() const { return m_fileName; }
     int lineNumber() const { return m_lineNumber; }
 
 private:
-    QString m_fileName;
+    Utils::FilePath m_fileName;
     int m_lineNumber = -1;
 };
 
 class FileNotFoundException : public FileIOException
 {
 public:
-    explicit FileNotFoundException(const QString &fileName);
+    explicit FileNotFoundException(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
 };
 
 class FileCreationException : public FileIOException
 {
 public:
-    explicit FileCreationException(const QString &fileName);
+    explicit FileCreationException(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
 };
 
 class FileWriteError : public FileIOException
 {
 public:
-    explicit FileWriteError(const QString &fileName, int lineNumber = -1);
+    explicit FileWriteError(const Utils::FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber = -1);
 };
 
 class FileReadError : public FileIOException
 {
 public:
-    explicit FileReadError(const QString &fileName, int lineNumber = -1);
+    explicit FileReadError(const Utils::FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber = -1);
 };
 
 class IllegalXmlFile : public FileIOException
 {
 public:
-    explicit IllegalXmlFile(const QString &fileName, int lineNumber = -1);
+    explicit IllegalXmlFile(const Utils::FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber = -1);
 };
 
 class UnknownFileVersion : public FileIOException
 {
 public:
-    UnknownFileVersion(int version, const QString &fileName, int lineNumber = -1);
+    UnknownFileVersion(int version, const Utils::FilePath &fileName, int lineNumber = -1);
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mdiagram.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mdiagram.h
index 8f327daabc..bebe17cb50 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mdiagram.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mdiagram.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public:
 
     MDiagram &operator=(const MDiagram &rhs);
 
-    const QList<DElement *> &diagramElements() const { return m_elements; }
+    const QList<DElement *> diagramElements() const { return m_elements; }
     DElement *findDiagramElement(const Uid &key) const;
     DElement *findDelegate(const Uid &modelUid) const;
     void setDiagramElements(const QList<DElement *> &elements);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mobject.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mobject.cpp
index 734be13567..f5b4e2b36f 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mobject.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mobject.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include "mvisitor.h"
 #include "mconstvisitor.h"
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 MObject::MObject()
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ MObject::MObject()
 MObject::MObject(const MObject &rhs)
     : MElement(rhs),
       m_name(rhs.m_name),
+      m_linkedfilename(rhs.m_linkedfilename),
       m_children(true),
       m_relations(true)
 {
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ MObject &MObject::operator =(const MObject &rhs)
     if (this != &rhs) {
         MElement::operator=(rhs);
         m_name = rhs.m_name;
+        m_linkedfilename = rhs.m_linkedfilename;
         // no deep copy; list of children remains unchanged
     }
     return *this;
@@ -44,6 +48,11 @@ void MObject::setName(const QString &name)
     m_name = name;
 }
 
+void MObject::setLinkedFileName(const FilePath &linkedfilename)
+{
+    m_linkedfilename = linkedfilename;
+}
+
 void MObject::setChildren(const Handles<MObject> &children)
 {
     m_children = children;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mobject.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mobject.h
index 1dc95887d9..29d10da4ba 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mobject.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model/mobject.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include "melement.h"
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/handles.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QString>
 
 namespace qmt {
@@ -23,6 +25,8 @@ public:
 
     QString name() const { return m_name; }
     void setName(const QString &name);
+    Utils::FilePath linkedFileName() const { return m_linkedfilename; }
+    void setLinkedFileName(const Utils::FilePath &linkedfilename);
 
     const Handles<MObject> &children() const { return m_children; }
     void setChildren(const Handles<MObject> &children);
@@ -48,6 +52,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     QString m_name;
+    Utils::FilePath m_linkedfilename;
     Handles<MObject> m_children;
     Handles<MRelation> m_relations;
 };
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_controller/mflatassignmentvisitor.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_controller/mflatassignmentvisitor.cpp
index deb458e4bc..66cfb4576f 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_controller/mflatassignmentvisitor.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_controller/mflatassignmentvisitor.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ void MFlatAssignmentVisitor::visitMObject(const MObject *object)
     auto targetObject = dynamic_cast<MObject *>(m_target);
     QMT_ASSERT(targetObject, return);
     targetObject->setName(object->name());
+    targetObject->setLinkedFileName(object->linkedFileName());
 }
 
 void MFlatAssignmentVisitor::visitMPackage(const MPackage *package)
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba411690f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Jochen Becher
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#include "modeltreefilterdata.h"
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+void ModelTreeViewData::setShowRelations(bool newShowRelations)
+{
+    m_showRelations = newShowRelations;
+}
+
+void ModelTreeViewData::setShowDiagramElements(bool newShowDiagramElements)
+{
+    m_showDiagramElements = newShowDiagramElements;
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilterData::setType(Type newType)
+{
+    m_type = newType;
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilterData::setCustomId(const QString &newCustomId)
+{
+    m_customId = newCustomId;
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilterData::setStereotypes(const QStringList &newStereotypes)
+{
+    m_stereotypes = newStereotypes;
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilterData::setName(const QString &newName)
+{
+    m_name = newName;
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilterData::setDirection(Direction newDirection)
+{
+    m_direction = newDirection;
+}
+
+} // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3af018fefd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Jochen Becher
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <QString>
+#include <QStringList>
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+class ModelTreeViewData
+{
+public:
+
+    bool showRelations() const { return m_showRelations; }
+    void setShowRelations(bool newShowRelations);
+
+    bool showDiagramElements() const { return m_showDiagramElements; }
+    void setShowDiagramElements(bool newShowDiagramElements);
+
+private:
+    bool m_showRelations = true;
+    bool m_showDiagramElements = false;
+};
+
+class ModelTreeFilterData
+{
+public:
+    enum class Type {
+        Any,
+        Package,
+        Component,
+        Class,
+        Diagram,
+        Item,
+        Dependency,
+        Association,
+        Inheritance,
+        Connection
+    };
+
+    enum class Direction {
+        Any,
+        Outgoing,
+        Incoming,
+        Bidirectional
+    };
+
+    Type type() const { return m_type; }
+    void setType(Type newType);
+
+    QString customId() const { return m_customId; }
+    void setCustomId(const QString &newCustomId);
+
+    QStringList stereotypes() const { return m_stereotypes; }
+    void setStereotypes(const QStringList &newStereotypes);
+
+    QString name() const { return m_name; }
+    void setName(const QString &newName);
+
+    Direction direction() const { return m_direction; }
+    void setDirection(Direction newDirection);
+
+private:
+    Type m_type = Type::Any;
+    QString m_customId;
+    QStringList m_stereotypes;
+    QString m_name;
+    Direction m_direction = Direction::Any;
+};
+
+} // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.cpp
index 972c2f9c00..e69e1635a7 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.cpp
@@ -3,14 +3,203 @@
 
 #include "sortedtreemodel.h"
 
+#include "qmt/model/massociation.h"
+#include "qmt/model/mcanvasdiagram.h"
+#include "qmt/model/mclass.h"
+#include "qmt/model/mcomponent.h"
+#include "qmt/model/mconnection.h"
+#include "qmt/model/mdependency.h"
+#include "qmt/model/minheritance.h"
+#include "qmt/model/mitem.h"
+#include "qmt/model/mpackage.h"
+#include "qmt/model/mconstvisitor.h"
 #include "treemodel.h"
 
 namespace qmt {
 
+namespace {
+
+class Filter : public MConstVisitor {
+public:
+
+    void setModelTreeViewData(const ModelTreeViewData *viewData)
+    {
+        m_viewData = viewData;
+    }
+
+    void setModelTreeFilterData(const ModelTreeFilterData *filterData)
+    {
+        m_filterData = filterData;
+    }
+
+    bool keep() const { return m_keep; }
+
+    void visitMElement(const MElement *element) override
+    {
+        if (!m_filterData->stereotypes().isEmpty()) {
+            const QStringList stereotypes = element->stereotypes();
+            bool containsElementStereotype = std::any_of(
+                stereotypes.constBegin(), stereotypes.constEnd(),
+                [&](const QString &s) { return m_filterData->stereotypes().contains(s); });
+            if (!containsElementStereotype) {
+                m_keep = false;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMObject(const MObject *object) override
+    {
+        if (!m_filterData->name().isEmpty() && m_filterData->name() != object->name())
+            m_keep = false;
+        else
+            visitMElement(object);
+    }
+
+    void visitMPackage(const MPackage *package) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Package)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            visitMObject(package);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMClass(const MClass *klass) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Class)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            visitMObject(klass);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMComponent(const MComponent *component) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Component)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            visitMObject(component);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMDiagram(const MDiagram *diagram) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Diagram)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            visitMObject(diagram);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMCanvasDiagram(const MCanvasDiagram *diagram) override
+    {
+        visitMDiagram(diagram);
+    }
+
+    void visitMItem(const MItem *item) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Item)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            visitMObject(item);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMRelation(const MRelation *relation) override
+    {
+        if (!m_viewData->showRelations())
+            m_keep = false;
+        else if (!m_filterData->name().isEmpty() && m_filterData->name() != relation->name())
+            m_keep = false;
+        else
+            visitMElement(relation);
+    }
+
+    void visitMDependency(const MDependency *dependency) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Dependency)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            switch (m_filterData->direction()) {
+            case ModelTreeFilterData::Direction::Any:
+                break;
+            case ModelTreeFilterData::Direction::Outgoing:
+                if (dependency->direction() != MDependency::AToB)
+                    m_keep = false;
+                break;
+            case ModelTreeFilterData::Direction::Incoming:
+                if (dependency->direction() != MDependency::BToA)
+                    m_keep = false;
+                break;
+            case ModelTreeFilterData::Direction::Bidirectional:
+                if (dependency->direction() != MDependency::Bidirectional)
+                    m_keep = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (m_keep)
+                visitMRelation(dependency);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMInheritance(const MInheritance *inheritance) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Inheritance)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            visitMRelation(inheritance);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMAssociation(const MAssociation *association) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Association)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            visitMRelation(association);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMConnection(const MConnection *connection) override
+    {
+        if (m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Any
+            && m_filterData->type() != ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Connection)
+        {
+            m_keep = false;
+        } else {
+            visitMRelation(connection);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    const ModelTreeViewData *m_viewData = nullptr;
+    const ModelTreeFilterData *m_filterData = nullptr;
+    bool m_keep = true;
+};
+
+}
+
 SortedTreeModel::SortedTreeModel(QObject *parent)
     : QSortFilterProxyModel(parent)
 {
     setDynamicSortFilter(false);
+    setRecursiveFilteringEnabled(true);
     setSortCaseSensitivity(Qt::CaseInsensitive);
 
     m_delayedSortTimer.setSingleShot(true);
@@ -33,6 +222,37 @@ void SortedTreeModel::setTreeModel(TreeModel *treeModel)
     startDelayedSortTimer();
 }
 
+void SortedTreeModel::setModelTreeViewData(const ModelTreeViewData &viewData)
+{
+    m_modelTreeViewData = viewData;
+    beginResetModel();
+    endResetModel();
+    startDelayedSortTimer();
+}
+
+void SortedTreeModel::setModelTreeFilterData(const ModelTreeFilterData &filterData)
+{
+    m_modelTreeViewFilterData = filterData;
+    beginResetModel();
+    endResetModel();
+    startDelayedSortTimer();
+}
+
+bool SortedTreeModel::filterAcceptsRow(int source_row, const QModelIndex &source_parent) const
+{
+    QModelIndex index = sourceModel()->index(source_row, 0, source_parent);
+    MElement *element = m_treeModel->element(index);
+    if (element) {
+        Filter filter;
+        filter.setModelTreeViewData(&m_modelTreeViewData);
+        filter.setModelTreeFilterData(&m_modelTreeViewFilterData);
+        element->accept(&filter);
+        if (!filter.keep())
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool SortedTreeModel::lessThan(const QModelIndex &left, const QModelIndex &right) const
 {
     TreeModel::ItemType leftItemType = TreeModel::ItemType(sourceModel()->data(left, TreeModel::RoleItemType).toInt());
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.h
index 0c01cf7de7..797a321132 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/sortedtreemodel.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
+#include "qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.h"
 
 #include <QSortFilterProxyModel>
 #include <QTimer>
@@ -21,7 +22,11 @@ public:
     TreeModel *treeModel() const { return m_treeModel; }
     void setTreeModel(TreeModel *treeModel);
 
+    void setModelTreeViewData(const ModelTreeViewData &viewData);
+    void setModelTreeFilterData(const ModelTreeFilterData &filterData);
+
 protected:
+    bool filterAcceptsRow(int source_row, const QModelIndex &source_parent) const override;
     bool lessThan(const QModelIndex &left, const QModelIndex &right) const override;
 
 private:
@@ -32,6 +37,8 @@ private:
     void startDelayedSortTimer();
 
     TreeModel *m_treeModel = nullptr;
+    ModelTreeViewData m_modelTreeViewData;
+    ModelTreeFilterData m_modelTreeViewFilterData;
     QTimer m_delayedSortTimer;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/treemodel.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/treemodel.cpp
index 3e8d5a59b6..23d589a654 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/treemodel.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/treemodel.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 
 #include <QStandardItem>
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 class TreeModel::ModelItem : public QStandardItem
@@ -807,7 +809,7 @@ QString TreeModel::createRelationLabel(const MRelation *relation)
 }
 
 QIcon TreeModel::createIcon(StereotypeIcon::Element stereotypeIconElement, StyleEngine::ElementType styleElementType,
-                            const QStringList &stereotypes, const QString &defaultIconPath)
+                            const QStringList &stereotypes, const FilePath &defaultIconPath)
 {
     const Style *style = m_styleController->adaptStyle(styleElementType);
     return m_stereotypeController->createIcon(stereotypeIconElement, stereotypes, defaultIconPath, style,
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/treemodel.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/treemodel.h
index add325a94a..5ea3596348 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/treemodel.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_ui/treemodel.h
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include <qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.h>
 #include <qmt/style/styleengine.h>
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QScopedPointer>
 #include <QHash>
 
@@ -93,8 +95,9 @@ private:
     QString createObjectLabel(const MObject *object);
     QString createRelationLabel(const MRelation *relation);
     QIcon createIcon(StereotypeIcon::Element stereotypeIconElement,
-                     StyleEngine::ElementType styleElementType, const QStringList &stereotypes,
-                     const QString &defaultIconPath);
+                     StyleEngine::ElementType styleElementType,
+                     const QStringList &stereotypes,
+                     const Utils::FilePath &defaultIconPath);
 
     enum Busy {
         NotBusy,
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40499e2839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Jochen Becher
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#include "addrelatedelementsdialog.h"
+
+#include <qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.h>
+#include <qmt/diagram_controller/dselection.h>
+#include <qmt/model/mdiagram.h>
+#include <qmt/model/mrelation.h>
+#include <qmt/model/mdependency.h>
+#include <qmt/model/minheritance.h>
+#include <qmt/model/massociation.h>
+#include <qmt/model/mconnection.h>
+#include <qmt/model_controller/modelcontroller.h>
+#include <qmt/model_controller/mvoidvisitor.h>
+
+#include "../../modelinglibtr.h"
+
+#include <utils/layoutbuilder.h>
+
+#include <QComboBox>
+#include <QDialogButtonBox>
+#include <QLabel>
+#include <QStringListModel>
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+namespace {
+
+enum class RelationType {
+    Any,
+    Dependency,
+    Association,
+    Inheritance,
+    Connection
+};
+
+enum class RelationDirection {
+    Any,
+    Outgoing,
+    Incoming,
+    Bidirectional
+};
+
+enum class ElementType {
+    Any,
+    Package,
+    Component,
+    Class,
+    Diagram,
+    Item,
+};
+
+class Filter : public qmt::MVoidConstVisitor {
+public:
+
+    void setRelationType(RelationType newRelationType)
+    {
+        m_relationType = newRelationType;
+    }
+
+    void setRelationTypeId(const QString &newRelationTypeId)
+    {
+        m_relationTypeId = newRelationTypeId;
+    }
+
+    void setRelationDirection(RelationDirection newRelationDirection)
+    {
+        m_relationDirection = newRelationDirection;
+    }
+
+    void setRelationStereotypes(const QStringList &newRelationStereotypes)
+    {
+        m_relationStereotypes = newRelationStereotypes;
+    }
+
+    void setElementType(ElementType newElementType)
+    {
+        m_elementType = newElementType;
+    }
+
+    void setElementStereotypes(const QStringList &newElementStereotypes)
+    {
+        m_elementStereotypes = newElementStereotypes;
+    }
+
+    void setObject(const qmt::DObject *dobject, const qmt::MObject *mobject)
+    {
+        m_dobject = dobject;
+        m_mobject = mobject;
+    }
+
+    void setRelation(const qmt::MRelation *relation)
+    {
+        m_relation = relation;
+    }
+
+    bool keep() const { return m_keep; }
+
+    void reset()
+    {
+        m_dobject = nullptr;
+        m_mobject = nullptr;
+        m_relation = nullptr;
+        m_keep = true;
+    }
+
+    // MConstVisitor interface
+    void visitMObject(const qmt::MObject *object) override
+    {
+        if (!m_elementStereotypes.isEmpty()) {
+            const QStringList stereotypes = object->stereotypes();
+            bool containsElementStereotype = std::any_of(
+                stereotypes.constBegin(), stereotypes.constEnd(),
+                [&](const QString &s) { return m_elementStereotypes.contains(s); });
+            if (!containsElementStereotype) {
+                m_keep = false;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMPackage(const qmt::MPackage *package) override
+    {
+        if (m_elementType == ElementType::Any || m_elementType == ElementType::Package)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMPackage(package);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+    void visitMClass(const qmt::MClass *klass) override
+    {
+        if (m_elementType == ElementType::Any || m_elementType == ElementType::Class)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMClass(klass);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+    void visitMComponent(const qmt::MComponent *component) override
+    {
+        if (m_elementType == ElementType::Any || m_elementType == ElementType::Component)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMComponent(component);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+    void visitMDiagram(const qmt::MDiagram *diagram) override
+    {
+        if (m_elementType == ElementType::Any || m_elementType == ElementType::Diagram)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMDiagram(diagram);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+    void visitMItem(const qmt::MItem *item) override
+    {
+        if (m_elementType == ElementType::Any || m_elementType == ElementType::Item)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMItem(item);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+    void visitMRelation(const qmt::MRelation *relation) override
+    {
+        if (!m_relationStereotypes.isEmpty()) {
+            const QStringList relationStereotypes = relation->stereotypes();
+            bool containsRelationStereotype = std::any_of(
+                relationStereotypes.constBegin(), relationStereotypes.constEnd(),
+                [&](const QString &s) { return m_relationStereotypes.contains(s); });
+            if (!containsRelationStereotype) {
+                m_keep = false;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void visitMDependency(const qmt::MDependency *dependency) override
+    {
+        if (m_relationDirection != RelationDirection::Any) {
+            bool keep = false;
+            if (m_relationDirection == RelationDirection::Outgoing) {
+                if (dependency->direction() == qmt::MDependency::AToB && dependency->endAUid() == m_mobject->uid())
+                    keep = true;
+                else if (dependency->direction() == qmt::MDependency::BToA && dependency->endBUid() == m_mobject->uid())
+                    keep = true;
+            } else if (m_relationDirection == RelationDirection::Incoming) {
+                if (dependency->direction() == qmt::MDependency::AToB && dependency->endBUid() == m_mobject->uid())
+                    keep = true;
+                else if (dependency->direction() == qmt::MDependency::BToA && dependency->endAUid() == m_mobject->uid())
+                    keep = true;
+            } else if (m_relationDirection == RelationDirection::Bidirectional) {
+                if (dependency->direction() == qmt::MDependency::Bidirectional)
+                    keep = true;
+            }
+            m_keep = keep;
+            if (!keep)
+                return;
+        }
+        if (m_relationType == RelationType::Any || m_relationType == RelationType::Dependency)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMDependency(dependency);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+    bool testDirection(const qmt::MRelation *relation)
+    {
+        if (m_relationDirection != RelationDirection::Any) {
+            bool keep = false;
+            if (m_relationDirection == RelationDirection::Outgoing) {
+                if (relation->endAUid() == m_mobject->uid())
+                    keep = true;
+            } else if (m_relationDirection == RelationDirection::Incoming) {
+                if (relation->endBUid() == m_mobject->uid())
+                    keep = true;
+            }
+            m_keep = keep;
+            if (!keep)
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void visitMInheritance(const qmt::MInheritance *inheritance) override
+    {
+        if (!testDirection(inheritance))
+            return;
+        if (m_relationType == RelationType::Any || m_relationType == RelationType::Inheritance)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMInheritance(inheritance);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+    void visitMAssociation(const qmt::MAssociation *association) override
+    {
+        if (!testDirection(association))
+            return;
+        if (m_relationType == RelationType::Any || m_relationType == RelationType::Association)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMAssociation(association);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+    void visitMConnection(const qmt::MConnection *connection) override
+    {
+        if (!testDirection(connection))
+            return;
+        if (m_relationType == RelationType::Any || m_relationType == RelationType::Connection)
+            qmt::MVoidConstVisitor::visitMConnection(connection);
+        else
+            m_keep = false;
+    }
+
+private:
+    RelationType m_relationType = RelationType::Any;
+    QString m_relationTypeId;
+    RelationDirection m_relationDirection = RelationDirection::Any;
+    QStringList m_relationStereotypes;
+    ElementType m_elementType = ElementType::Any;
+    QStringList m_elementStereotypes;
+    const qmt::DObject *m_dobject = nullptr;
+    const qmt::MObject *m_mobject = nullptr;
+    const qmt::MRelation *m_relation = nullptr;
+    bool m_keep = true;
+};
+} // namespace
+
+class AddRelatedElementsDialog::Private {
+public:
+    qmt::DiagramSceneController *m_diagramSceneController = nullptr;
+    qmt::DSelection m_selection;
+    qmt::Uid m_diagramUid;
+    QStringListModel m_relationTypeModel;
+    QStringListModel m_relationDirectionModel;
+    QStringListModel m_relationStereotypesModel;
+    QStringListModel m_elementTypeModel;
+    QStringListModel m_elementStereotypesModel;
+    Filter m_filter;
+
+    QComboBox *RelationTypeCombobox;
+    QComboBox *DirectionCombobox;
+    QComboBox *StereotypesCombobox;
+    QComboBox *ElementStereotypesCombobox;
+    QComboBox *ElementTypeComboBox;
+    QLabel *NumberOfMatchingElementsValue;
+    QDialogButtonBox *buttonBox;
+};
+
+AddRelatedElementsDialog::AddRelatedElementsDialog(QWidget *parent) :
+    QDialog(parent),
+    d(new Private)
+{
+    setMinimumWidth(500);
+
+    d->RelationTypeCombobox = new QComboBox;
+    d->DirectionCombobox = new QComboBox;
+    d->StereotypesCombobox = new QComboBox;
+    d->StereotypesCombobox->setEditable(true);
+    d->ElementTypeComboBox = new QComboBox;
+    d->ElementStereotypesCombobox = new QComboBox;
+    d->ElementStereotypesCombobox->setEditable(true);
+    d->NumberOfMatchingElementsValue = new QLabel;
+    d->buttonBox = new QDialogButtonBox(QDialogButtonBox::Cancel|QDialogButtonBox::Ok);
+
+    using namespace Layouting;
+    Column {
+        Group {
+            title(Tr::tr("Relation Attributes")),
+            Form {
+                Tr::tr("Type"), d->RelationTypeCombobox, br,
+                Tr::tr("Direction"), d->DirectionCombobox, br,
+                Tr::tr("Stereotypes"), d->StereotypesCombobox, br,
+            },
+        },
+        Group {
+            title(Tr::tr("Other Element Attributes")),
+            Form {
+                Tr::tr("Type"), d->ElementTypeComboBox, br,
+                Tr::tr("Stereotypes"), d->ElementStereotypesCombobox, br,
+            },
+        },
+        Row {
+            Tr::tr("Number of matching elements: "), d->NumberOfMatchingElementsValue, st,
+        },
+        st,
+        d->buttonBox,
+    }.attachTo(this);
+
+    connect(d->RelationTypeCombobox, &QComboBox::currentIndexChanged, this, &AddRelatedElementsDialog::updateNumberOfElements);
+    connect(d->DirectionCombobox, &QComboBox::currentIndexChanged, this, &AddRelatedElementsDialog::updateNumberOfElements);
+    connect(d->StereotypesCombobox, &QComboBox::currentTextChanged, this, &AddRelatedElementsDialog::updateNumberOfElements);
+    connect(d->ElementTypeComboBox, &QComboBox::currentIndexChanged, this, &AddRelatedElementsDialog::updateNumberOfElements);
+    connect(d->ElementStereotypesCombobox, &QComboBox::currentTextChanged, this, &AddRelatedElementsDialog::updateNumberOfElements);
+    connect(d->buttonBox, &QDialogButtonBox::accepted, this, &QDialog::accept);
+    connect(d->buttonBox, &QDialogButtonBox::rejected, this, &QDialog::reject);
+    connect(this, &QDialog::accepted, this, &AddRelatedElementsDialog::onAccepted);
+}
+
+AddRelatedElementsDialog::~AddRelatedElementsDialog()
+{
+    delete d;
+}
+
+void AddRelatedElementsDialog::setDiagramSceneController(qmt::DiagramSceneController *diagramSceneController)
+{
+    d->m_diagramSceneController = diagramSceneController;
+}
+
+void AddRelatedElementsDialog::setElements(const qmt::DSelection &selection, qmt::MDiagram *diagram)
+{
+    d->m_selection = selection;
+    d->m_diagramUid = diagram->uid();
+    QStringList relationTypes = {"Any", "Dependency", "Association", "Inheritance"};
+    d->m_relationTypeModel.setStringList(relationTypes);
+    d->RelationTypeCombobox->setModel(&d->m_relationTypeModel);
+    QStringList relationDirections = {"Any", "Outgoing (->)", "Incoming (<-)", "Bidirectional (<->)"};
+    d->m_relationDirectionModel.setStringList(relationDirections);
+    d->DirectionCombobox->setModel(&d->m_relationDirectionModel);
+    QStringList relationStereotypes = { };
+    d->m_relationStereotypesModel.setStringList(relationStereotypes);
+    d->StereotypesCombobox->setModel(&d->m_relationStereotypesModel);
+    QStringList elementTypes = {"Any", "Package", "Component", "Class", "Diagram", "Item"};
+    d->m_elementTypeModel.setStringList(elementTypes);
+    d->ElementTypeComboBox->setModel(&d->m_elementTypeModel);
+    QStringList elementStereotypes = { };
+    d->m_elementStereotypesModel.setStringList(elementStereotypes);
+    d->ElementStereotypesCombobox->setModel(&d->m_elementStereotypesModel);
+    updateNumberOfElements();
+}
+
+void AddRelatedElementsDialog::onAccepted()
+{
+    qmt::MDiagram *diagram = d->m_diagramSceneController->modelController()->findElement<qmt::MDiagram>(d->m_diagramUid);
+    if (diagram) {
+        updateFilter();
+        d->m_diagramSceneController->addRelatedElements(
+            d->m_selection, diagram,
+            [this](qmt::DObject *dobject, qmt::MObject *mobject, qmt::MRelation *relation) -> bool
+            {
+                return this->filter(dobject, mobject, relation);
+            });
+    }
+}
+
+void AddRelatedElementsDialog::updateFilter()
+{
+    d->m_filter.setRelationType((RelationType) d->RelationTypeCombobox->currentIndex());
+    d->m_filter.setRelationDirection((RelationDirection) d->DirectionCombobox->currentIndex());
+    d->m_filter.setRelationStereotypes(d->StereotypesCombobox->currentText().split(',', Qt::SkipEmptyParts));
+    d->m_filter.setElementType((ElementType) d->ElementTypeComboBox->currentIndex());
+    d->m_filter.setElementStereotypes(d->ElementStereotypesCombobox->currentText().split(',', Qt::SkipEmptyParts));
+}
+
+bool AddRelatedElementsDialog::filter(qmt::DObject *dobject, qmt::MObject *mobject, qmt::MRelation *relation)
+{
+    d->m_filter.reset();
+    d->m_filter.setObject(dobject, mobject);
+    d->m_filter.setRelation(relation);
+    relation->accept(&d->m_filter);
+    if (!d->m_filter.keep())
+        return false;
+    qmt::MObject *targetObject = nullptr;
+    if (relation->endAUid() != mobject->uid())
+        targetObject = d->m_diagramSceneController->modelController()->findObject(relation->endAUid());
+    else if (relation->endBUid() != mobject->uid())
+        targetObject = d->m_diagramSceneController->modelController()->findObject(relation->endBUid());
+    if (!targetObject)
+        return false;
+    targetObject->accept(&d->m_filter);
+    return d->m_filter.keep();
+}
+
+void AddRelatedElementsDialog::updateNumberOfElements()
+{
+    qmt::MDiagram *diagram = d->m_diagramSceneController->modelController()->findElement<qmt::MDiagram>(d->m_diagramUid);
+    if (diagram) {
+        updateFilter();
+        d->NumberOfMatchingElementsValue->setText(QString::number(d->m_diagramSceneController->countRelatedElements(
+            d->m_selection, diagram,
+            [this](qmt::DObject *dobject, qmt::MObject *mobject, qmt::MRelation *relation) -> bool
+            {
+                return this->filter(dobject, mobject, relation);
+            })));
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0fefa1c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/addrelatedelementsdialog.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Jochen Becher
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
+
+#include <QDialog>
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+class DSelection;
+class DObject;
+class MObject;
+class MDiagram;
+class MRelation;
+class DiagramSceneController;
+}
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+class QMT_EXPORT AddRelatedElementsDialog : public QDialog
+{
+    Q_OBJECT
+    class Private;
+
+public:
+    explicit AddRelatedElementsDialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
+    ~AddRelatedElementsDialog();
+
+    void setDiagramSceneController(qmt::DiagramSceneController *diagramSceneController);
+    void setElements(const qmt::DSelection &selection, qmt::MDiagram *diagram);
+
+private:
+    void onAccepted();
+    void updateFilter();
+    bool filter(qmt::DObject *dobject, qmt::MObject *mobject, qmt::MRelation *relation);
+    void updateNumberOfElements();
+
+    Private *d = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f02b466830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Jochen Becher
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#include "modeltreefilter.h"
+
+#include "../../modelinglibtr.h"
+
+#include <utils/layoutbuilder.h>
+
+#include <QCheckBox>
+#include <QComboBox>
+#include <QFrame>
+#include <QLabel>
+#include <QLineEdit>
+#include <QPushButton>
+#include <QStringListModel>
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+class ModelTreeFilter::Private {
+public:
+    QStringListModel m_typeModel;
+    QStringListModel m_stereotypesModel;
+    QStringListModel m_directionModel;
+
+    QPushButton *resetViewButton;
+    QCheckBox *relationsCheckBox;
+    QCheckBox *diagramElementsCheckBox;
+    QPushButton *clearFilterButton;
+    QComboBox *typeComboBox;
+    QComboBox *stereotypesComboBox;
+    QLineEdit *nameLineEdit;
+    QComboBox *directionComboBox;
+};
+
+ModelTreeFilter::ModelTreeFilter(QWidget *parent) :
+    QWidget(parent),
+    d(new Private)
+{
+    d->resetViewButton = new QPushButton(Tr::tr("Reset"));
+    d->relationsCheckBox = new QCheckBox(Tr::tr("Relations"));
+    d->diagramElementsCheckBox = new QCheckBox(Tr::tr("Diagram Elements"));
+    d->diagramElementsCheckBox->setMaximumHeight(0);
+    d->clearFilterButton = new QPushButton(Tr::tr("Clear"));
+    d->typeComboBox = new QComboBox;
+    d->stereotypesComboBox = new QComboBox;
+    d->stereotypesComboBox->setEditable(true);
+    d->nameLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
+    d->directionComboBox = new QComboBox;
+
+    const auto boldLabel = [] (const QString &title) -> QLabel * {
+        auto label = new QLabel(title);
+        QFont boldFont = label->font();
+        boldFont.setWeight(QFont::Bold);
+        label->setFont(boldFont);
+        return label;
+    };
+
+    const auto line = [] () -> QFrame * {
+        auto line = new QFrame;
+        line->setFrameShadow(QFrame::Plain);
+        line->setFrameShape(QFrame::HLine);
+        return line;
+    };
+
+    const int margin = 9;
+
+    using namespace Layouting;
+    Column {
+        Column {
+            Row {
+                boldLabel(Tr::tr("View")), st, d->resetViewButton
+            },
+            d->relationsCheckBox,
+            d->diagramElementsCheckBox,
+            customMargins(margin, 0, margin, 0),
+        },
+        Space(10),
+        line(),
+        Column {
+            Row {
+                boldLabel(Tr::tr("Filter")), st, d->clearFilterButton
+            },
+            Space(10),
+            Form {
+                Tr::tr("Type:"), d->typeComboBox, br,
+                Tr::tr("Stereotypes:"), d->stereotypesComboBox, br,
+                Tr::tr("Name:"), d->nameLineEdit, br,
+                Tr::tr("Direction:"), d->directionComboBox, br,
+            },
+            customMargins(margin, 0, margin, 0),
+        },
+        st,
+        line(),
+        customMargins(0, margin, 0, 0),
+    }.attachTo(this);
+
+    connect(d->resetViewButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &ModelTreeFilter::resetView);
+    connect(d->relationsCheckBox, &QCheckBox::clicked, this, &ModelTreeFilter::onViewChanged);
+    connect(d->diagramElementsCheckBox, &QCheckBox::clicked, this, &ModelTreeFilter::onViewChanged);
+    connect(d->clearFilterButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &ModelTreeFilter::clearFilter);
+    connect(d->typeComboBox, &QComboBox::currentIndexChanged, this, [this](int index) {
+        d->directionComboBox->setDisabled(index != (int) ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Dependency);
+    });
+    connect(d->typeComboBox, &QComboBox::currentIndexChanged, this, &ModelTreeFilter::onFilterChanged);
+    connect(d->stereotypesComboBox, &QComboBox::currentTextChanged, this, &ModelTreeFilter::onFilterChanged);
+    connect(d->nameLineEdit, &QLineEdit::textChanged, this, &ModelTreeFilter::onFilterChanged);
+    connect(d->directionComboBox, &QComboBox::currentTextChanged, this, &ModelTreeFilter::onFilterChanged);
+    setupFilter();
+    resetView();
+    clearFilter();
+}
+
+ModelTreeFilter::~ModelTreeFilter()
+{
+    delete d;
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilter::setupFilter()
+{
+    QStringList types = {"Any", "Package", "Component", "Class", "Diagram", "Item",
+                         "Dependency", "Association", "Inheritance", "Connection"};
+    d->m_typeModel.setStringList(types);
+    d->typeComboBox->setModel(&d->m_typeModel);
+
+    QStringList stereotypes = { };
+    d->m_stereotypesModel.setStringList(stereotypes);
+    d->stereotypesComboBox->setModel(&d->m_stereotypesModel);
+
+    QStringList directions = {"Any", "Outgoing (->)", "Incoming (<-)", "Bidirectional (<->)"};
+    d->m_directionModel.setStringList(directions);
+    d->directionComboBox->setModel(&d->m_directionModel);
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilter::resetView()
+{
+    d->relationsCheckBox->setChecked(true);
+    d->diagramElementsCheckBox->setChecked(false);
+    onViewChanged();
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilter::clearFilter()
+{
+    d->typeComboBox->setCurrentIndex(0);
+    d->stereotypesComboBox->clearEditText();
+    d->nameLineEdit->clear();
+    d->directionComboBox->setCurrentIndex(0);
+    onFilterChanged();
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilter::onViewChanged()
+{
+    ModelTreeViewData modelTreeViewData;
+    modelTreeViewData.setShowRelations(d->relationsCheckBox->isChecked());
+    modelTreeViewData.setShowDiagramElements(d->diagramElementsCheckBox->isChecked());
+    emit viewDataChanged(modelTreeViewData);
+}
+
+void ModelTreeFilter::onFilterChanged()
+{
+    ModelTreeFilterData modelTreeFilterData;
+    modelTreeFilterData.setType((ModelTreeFilterData::Type) d->typeComboBox->currentIndex());
+    modelTreeFilterData.setCustomId(QString());
+    modelTreeFilterData.setStereotypes(d->stereotypesComboBox->currentText().split(',', Qt::SkipEmptyParts));
+    modelTreeFilterData.setName(d->nameLineEdit->text().trimmed());
+    if (modelTreeFilterData.type() == ModelTreeFilterData::Type::Dependency)
+        modelTreeFilterData.setDirection((ModelTreeFilterData::Direction) d->directionComboBox->currentIndex());
+    else
+        modelTreeFilterData.setDirection(ModelTreeFilterData::Direction::Any);
+    emit filterDataChanged(modelTreeFilterData);
+}
+
+} // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1de7237c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreefilter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 Jochen Becher
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
+#include "qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.h"
+
+#include <QWidget>
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+class QMT_EXPORT ModelTreeFilter : public QWidget
+{
+    Q_OBJECT
+    class Private;
+
+public:
+    explicit ModelTreeFilter(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
+    ~ModelTreeFilter();
+
+signals:
+    void viewDataChanged(const ModelTreeViewData &modelTreeViewData);
+    void filterDataChanged(const ModelTreeFilterData &modelTreeFilterData);
+
+private:
+
+    void setupFilter();
+    void resetView();
+    void clearFilter();
+    void onViewChanged();
+    void onFilterChanged();
+
+private:
+    Private *d = nullptr;
+};
+
+
+} // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.cpp
index 68c22ce6df..e2006a37b5 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.cpp
@@ -71,6 +71,46 @@ void ModelTreeView::setElementTasks(IElementTasks *elementTasks)
     m_elementTasks = elementTasks;
 }
 
+static void StoreStatus(QTreeView *view, QSortFilterProxyModel *model, const QModelIndex &parent, QVector<QModelIndex> &expanded_items)
+{
+    for (int index = 0; index < model->rowCount(parent); ++index) {
+        auto proxy_index = model->index(index, 0, parent);
+        if (view->isExpanded(proxy_index)) {
+            auto source_index = model->mapToSource(proxy_index);
+            expanded_items.append(source_index);
+        }
+        StoreStatus(view, model, proxy_index, expanded_items);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ApplyStatus(QTreeView *view, QSortFilterProxyModel *model, QVector<QModelIndex> &expanded_items)
+{
+    for (auto source_index : expanded_items) {
+        auto proxy_index = model->mapFromSource(source_index);
+        view->setExpanded(proxy_index, true);
+    }
+}
+
+void ModelTreeView::setModelTreeViewData(const ModelTreeViewData &viewData)
+{
+    if (m_sortedTreeModel) {
+        QVector<QModelIndex> expanded_items;
+        StoreStatus(this, m_sortedTreeModel, QModelIndex(), expanded_items);
+        m_sortedTreeModel->setModelTreeViewData(viewData);
+        ApplyStatus(this, m_sortedTreeModel, expanded_items);
+    }
+}
+
+void ModelTreeView::setModelTreeFilterData(const ModelTreeFilterData &filterData)
+{
+    if (m_sortedTreeModel) {
+        QVector<QModelIndex> expanded_items;
+        StoreStatus(this, m_sortedTreeModel, QModelIndex(), expanded_items);
+        m_sortedTreeModel->setModelTreeFilterData(filterData);
+        ApplyStatus(this, m_sortedTreeModel, expanded_items);
+    }
+}
+
 QModelIndex ModelTreeView::mapToSourceModelIndex(const QModelIndex &index) const
 {
     return m_sortedTreeModel->mapToSource(index);
@@ -144,7 +184,7 @@ void ModelTreeView::dragMoveEvent(QDragMoveEvent *event)
 {
     QTreeView::dragMoveEvent(event);
     bool accept = false;
-    QModelIndex dropIndex = indexAt(event->pos());
+    QModelIndex dropIndex = indexAt(event->position().toPoint());
     QModelIndex dropSourceModelIndex = m_sortedTreeModel->mapToSource(dropIndex);
     if (dropSourceModelIndex.isValid()) {
         TreeModel *treeModel = m_sortedTreeModel->treeModel();
@@ -175,7 +215,7 @@ void ModelTreeView::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event)
     bool accept = false;
     event->setDropAction(Qt::MoveAction);
     if (event->mimeData()->hasFormat("text/model-elements")) {
-        QModelIndex dropIndex = indexAt(event->pos());
+        QModelIndex dropIndex = indexAt(event->position().toPoint());
         QModelIndex dropSourceModelIndex = m_sortedTreeModel->mapToSource(dropIndex);
         if (dropSourceModelIndex.isValid()) {
             TreeModel *treeModel = m_sortedTreeModel->treeModel();
@@ -237,6 +277,10 @@ void ModelTreeView::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *event)
             menu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Open Diagram"), "openDiagram", &menu));
             addSeparator = true;
         }
+        if (m_elementTasks->hasLinkedFile(melement)) {
+            menu.addAction(new ContextMenuAction(Tr::tr("Open Linked File"), "openLinkedFile", &menu));
+            addSeparator = true;
+        }
         if (melement->owner()) {
             if (addSeparator)
                 menu.addSeparator();
@@ -253,6 +297,8 @@ void ModelTreeView::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *event)
                 m_elementTasks->openClassDefinition(melement);
             } else if (action->id() == "openDiagram") {
                 m_elementTasks->openDiagram(melement);
+            } else if (action->id() == "openLinkedFile") {
+                m_elementTasks->openLinkedFile(melement);
             } else if (action->id() == "delete") {
                 MSelection selection;
                 selection.append(melement->uid(), melement->owner()->uid());
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.h
index 0c07cb0372..e5537644a3 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/modeltreeview.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
 #include "qmt/model_ui/modeltreeviewinterface.h"
+#include "qmt/model_ui/modeltreefilterdata.h"
 
 #include <QElapsedTimer>
 #include <QTreeView>
@@ -32,6 +33,9 @@ public:
     void setTreeModel(SortedTreeModel *model);
     void setElementTasks(IElementTasks *elementTasks);
 
+    void setModelTreeViewData(const ModelTreeViewData &viewData);
+    void setModelTreeFilterData(const ModelTreeFilterData &filterData);
+
     QModelIndex mapToSourceModelIndex(const QModelIndex &index) const;
     void selectFromSourceModelIndex(const QModelIndex &index);
 
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesviewmview.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesviewmview.cpp
index 969313ca33..11df24188d 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesviewmview.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesviewmview.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "qmt/diagram_scene/items/stereotypedisplayvisitor.h"
 #include "qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.h"
 #include "qmt/stereotype/customrelation.h"
+#include "qmt/style/relationvisuals.h"
 #include "qmt/style/stylecontroller.h"
 #include "qmt/style/style.h"
 #include "qmt/style/objectvisuals.h"
@@ -237,6 +238,61 @@ static DClass::TemplateDisplay translateIndexToTemplateDisplay(int index)
     return map[index];
 }
 
+static int translateRelationVisualPrimaryRoleToIndex(DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualRole)
+{
+    switch (visualRole) {
+    case DRelation::PrimaryRoleNormal:
+        return 0;
+    case DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom1:
+        return 1;
+    case DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom2:
+        return 2;
+    case DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom3:
+        return 3;
+    case DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom4:
+        return 4;
+    case DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom5:
+        return 5;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole translateIndexToRelationVisualPrimaryRole(int index)
+{
+    static const DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole map[] = {
+        DRelation::PrimaryRoleNormal,
+        DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom1, DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom2, DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom3,
+        DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom4, DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom5
+    };
+    QMT_ASSERT(index >= 0 && index <= 5, return DRelation::PrimaryRoleNormal);
+    return map[index];
+}
+
+static int translateRelationVisualSecondaryRoleToIndex(DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole visualRole)
+{
+    switch (visualRole) {
+    case DRelation::SecondaryRoleNone:
+        return 0;
+    case DRelation::SecondaryRoleWarning:
+        return 1;
+    case DRelation::SecondaryRoleError:
+        return 2;
+    case DRelation::SecondaryRoleSoften:
+        return 3;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole translateIndexToRelationVisualSecondaryRole(int index)
+{
+    static const DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole map[] = {
+        DRelation::SecondaryRoleNone,
+        DRelation::SecondaryRoleWarning, DRelation::SecondaryRoleError, DRelation::SecondaryRoleSoften
+    };
+    QMT_ASSERT(index >= 0 && index <= 5, return DRelation::SecondaryRoleNone);
+    return map[index];
+}
+
 static int translateAnnotationVisualRoleToIndex(DAnnotation::VisualRole visualRole)
 {
     switch (visualRole) {
@@ -398,6 +454,7 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::visitMPackage(const MPackage *package)
     else
         setTitle<MPackage>(m_modelElements, Tr::tr("Package"), Tr::tr("Packages"));
     visitMObject(package);
+    visitMObjectBehind(package);
 }
 
 void PropertiesView::MView::visitMClass(const MClass *klass)
@@ -472,12 +529,14 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::visitMClass(const MClass *klass)
     }
     if (m_classMembersEdit->isEnabled() != isSingleSelection)
         m_classMembersEdit->setEnabled(isSingleSelection);
+    visitMObjectBehind(klass);
 }
 
 void PropertiesView::MView::visitMComponent(const MComponent *component)
 {
     setTitle<MComponent>(m_modelElements, Tr::tr("Component"), Tr::tr("Components"));
     visitMObject(component);
+    visitMObjectBehind(component);
 }
 
 void PropertiesView::MView::visitMDiagram(const MDiagram *diagram)
@@ -497,6 +556,7 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::visitMCanvasDiagram(const MCanvasDiagram *diagram)
 {
     setTitle<MCanvasDiagram>(m_modelElements, Tr::tr("Canvas Diagram"), Tr::tr("Canvas Diagrams"));
     visitMDiagram(diagram);
+    visitMDiagramBehind(diagram);
 }
 
 void PropertiesView::MView::visitMItem(const MItem *item)
@@ -521,6 +581,7 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::visitMItem(const MItem *item)
         if (m_itemVarietyEdit->isEnabled() != isSingleSelection)
             m_itemVarietyEdit->setEnabled(isSingleSelection);
     }
+    visitMObjectBehind(item);
 }
 
 void PropertiesView::MView::visitMRelation(const MRelation *relation)
@@ -850,6 +911,7 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::visitDElement(const DElement *element)
 void PropertiesView::MView::visitDObject(const DObject *object)
 {
     visitDElement(object);
+    visitDObjectBefore(object);
 #ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_PROPERTIES
     if (!m_posRectLabel) {
         m_posRectLabel = new QLabel(m_topWidget);
@@ -1057,6 +1119,52 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::visitDItem(const DItem *item)
 void PropertiesView::MView::visitDRelation(const DRelation *relation)
 {
     visitDElement(relation);
+    if (!m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector) {
+        m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector = new PaletteBox(m_topWidget);
+        setRelationPrimaryRolePalette(m_styleElementType, DRelation::PrimaryRoleNormal);
+        setRelationPrimaryRolePalette(m_styleElementType, DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom1);
+        setRelationPrimaryRolePalette(m_styleElementType, DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom2);
+        setRelationPrimaryRolePalette(m_styleElementType, DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom3);
+        setRelationPrimaryRolePalette(m_styleElementType, DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom4);
+        setRelationPrimaryRolePalette(m_styleElementType, DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom5);
+        addRow(Tr::tr("Color:"), m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector, "color");
+        connect(m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector, &PaletteBox::activated,
+                this, &PropertiesView::MView::onRelationVisualPrimaryRoleChanged);
+    }
+    if (!m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector->hasFocus()) {
+        DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole;
+        if (haveSameValue(m_diagramElements, &DRelation::visualPrimaryRole, &visualPrimaryRole))
+            m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector->setCurrentIndex(translateRelationVisualPrimaryRoleToIndex(visualPrimaryRole));
+        else
+            m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector->setCurrentIndex(-1);
+    }
+    if (!m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector) {
+        m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector = new QComboBox(m_topWidget);
+        m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector->addItems({ Tr::tr("Normal"), Tr::tr("Warning"), Tr::tr("Error"), Tr::tr("Soften") });
+        addRow(Tr::tr("Role:"), m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector, "role");
+        connect(m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector, QOverload<int>::of(&QComboBox::activated),
+                this, &PropertiesView::MView::onRelationVisualSecondaryRoleChanged);
+    }
+    if (!m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector->hasFocus()) {
+        DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole;
+        if (haveSameValue(m_diagramElements, &DRelation::visualSecondaryRole, &visualSecondaryRole))
+            m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector->setCurrentIndex(translateRelationVisualSecondaryRoleToIndex(visualSecondaryRole));
+        else
+            m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector->setCurrentIndex(-1);
+    }
+    if (!m_relationVisualEmphasizedCheckbox) {
+        m_relationVisualEmphasizedCheckbox = new QCheckBox(Tr::tr("Emphasized"), m_topWidget);
+        addRow(QString(), m_relationVisualEmphasizedCheckbox, "emphasized");
+        connect(m_relationVisualEmphasizedCheckbox, &QAbstractButton::clicked,
+                this, &PropertiesView::MView::onRelationVisualEmphasizedChanged);
+    }
+    if (!m_relationVisualEmphasizedCheckbox->hasFocus()) {
+        bool emphasized;
+        if (haveSameValue(m_diagramElements, &DRelation::isVisualEmphasized, &emphasized))
+            m_relationVisualEmphasizedCheckbox->setChecked(emphasized);
+        else
+            m_relationVisualEmphasizedCheckbox->setChecked(false);
+    }
 #ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_PROPERTIES
     if (!m_pointsLabel) {
         m_pointsLabel = new QLabel(m_topWidget);
@@ -1145,6 +1253,26 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::visitDSwimlane(const DSwimlane *swimlane)
     visitDElement(swimlane);
 }
 
+void PropertiesView::MView::visitMElementBehind(const MElement *element)
+{
+    Q_UNUSED(element)
+}
+
+void PropertiesView::MView::visitMObjectBehind(const MObject *object)
+{
+    visitMElementBehind(object);
+}
+
+void PropertiesView::MView::visitMDiagramBehind(const MDiagram *diagram)
+{
+    visitMObjectBehind(diagram);
+}
+
+void PropertiesView::MView::visitDObjectBefore(const DObject *object)
+{
+    Q_UNUSED(object);
+}
+
 void PropertiesView::MView::onStereotypesChanged(const QString &stereotypes)
 {
     QList<QString> set = m_stereotypesController->fromString(stereotypes);
@@ -1392,7 +1520,42 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::onAnnotationVisualRoleChanged(int visualRoleIndex)
 {
     DAnnotation::VisualRole visualRole = translateIndexToAnnotationVisualRole((visualRoleIndex));
     assignModelElement<DAnnotation, DAnnotation::VisualRole>(
-                m_diagramElements, SelectionMulti, visualRole, &DAnnotation::visualRole, &DAnnotation::setVisualRole);
+        m_diagramElements, SelectionMulti, visualRole, &DAnnotation::visualRole, &DAnnotation::setVisualRole);
+}
+
+
+void PropertiesView::MView::onRelationVisualPrimaryRoleChanged(int visualRoleIndex)
+{
+    DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualRole = translateIndexToRelationVisualPrimaryRole(visualRoleIndex);
+    assignModelElement<DRelation, DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole>(
+        m_diagramElements, SelectionMulti, visualRole,
+        &DRelation::visualPrimaryRole, &DRelation::setVisualPrimaryRole);
+}
+
+void PropertiesView::MView::onRelationVisualSecondaryRoleChanged(int visualRoleIndex)
+{
+    DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole visualRole = translateIndexToRelationVisualSecondaryRole(visualRoleIndex);
+    assignModelElement<DRelation, DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole>(
+        m_diagramElements, SelectionMulti, visualRole,
+        &DRelation::visualSecondaryRole, &DRelation::setVisualSecondaryRole);
+}
+
+void PropertiesView::MView::onRelationVisualEmphasizedChanged(bool visualEmphasized)
+{
+    assignModelElement<DRelation, bool>(m_diagramElements, SelectionMulti, visualEmphasized,
+                                      &DRelation::isVisualEmphasized, &DRelation::setVisualEmphasized);
+}
+
+void PropertiesView::MView::onRelationColorChanged(const QColor &color)
+{
+    assignModelElement<DRelation, QColor>(m_diagramElements, SelectionMulti, color,
+                                          &DRelation::color, &DRelation::setColor);
+}
+
+void PropertiesView::MView::onRelationThicknessChanged(qreal thickness)
+{
+    assignModelElement<DRelation, qreal>(m_diagramElements, SelectionMulti, thickness,
+                                         &DRelation::thickness, &DRelation::setThickness);
 }
 
 void PropertiesView::MView::prepare()
@@ -1553,7 +1716,8 @@ void PropertiesView::MView::setPrimaryRolePalette(StyleEngine::ElementType eleme
                                                   DObject::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole, const QColor &baseColor)
 {
     int index = translateVisualPrimaryRoleToIndex(visualPrimaryRole);
-    const Style *style = m_propertiesView->styleController()->adaptObjectStyle(elementType, ObjectVisuals(visualPrimaryRole, DObject::SecondaryRoleNone, false, baseColor, 0));
+    const Style *style = m_propertiesView->styleController()->adaptObjectStyle(
+        elementType, ObjectVisuals(visualPrimaryRole, DObject::SecondaryRoleNone, false, baseColor, 0));
     m_visualPrimaryRoleSelector->setBrush(index, style->fillBrush());
     m_visualPrimaryRoleSelector->setLinePen(index, style->linePen());
 }
@@ -1595,112 +1759,15 @@ QString PropertiesView::MView::formatTemplateParameters(const QList<QString> &te
     return templateParamters;
 }
 
-template<class T, class V>
-QList<T *> PropertiesView::MView::filter(const QList<V *> &elements)
-{
-    QList<T *> filtered;
-    for (V *element : elements) {
-        auto t = dynamic_cast<T *>(element);
-        if (t)
-            filtered.append(t);
-    }
-    return filtered;
-}
-
-template<class T, class V, class BASE>
-bool PropertiesView::MView::haveSameValue(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, V (T::*getter)() const, V *value)
+void PropertiesView::MView::setRelationPrimaryRolePalette(StyleEngine::ElementType elementType,
+                                                          DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole)
 {
-    const QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
-    QMT_CHECK(!elements.isEmpty());
-    V candidate = V(); // avoid warning of reading uninitialized variable
-    bool haveCandidate = false;
-    for (T *element : elements) {
-        if (!haveCandidate) {
-            candidate = ((*element).*getter)();
-            haveCandidate = true;
-        } else {
-            if (candidate != ((*element).*getter)())
-                return false;
-        }
-    }
-    QMT_CHECK(haveCandidate);
-    if (!haveCandidate)
-        return false;
-    if (value)
-        *value = candidate;
-    return true;
-}
-
-template<class T, class V, class BASE>
-void PropertiesView::MView::assignModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
-                                               const V &value, V (T::*getter)() const, void (T::*setter)(const V &))
-{
-    const QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
-    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
-        for (T *element : elements) {
-            if (value != ((*element).*getter)()) {
-                m_propertiesView->beginUpdate(element);
-                ((*element).*setter)(value);
-                m_propertiesView->endUpdate(element, false);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template<class T, class V, class BASE>
-void PropertiesView::MView::assignModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
-                                               const V &value, V (T::*getter)() const, void (T::*setter)(V))
-{
-    const QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
-    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
-        for (T *element : elements) {
-            if (value != ((*element).*getter)()) {
-                m_propertiesView->beginUpdate(element);
-                ((*element).*setter)(value);
-                m_propertiesView->endUpdate(element, false);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template<class T, class E, class V, class BASE>
-void PropertiesView::MView::assignEmbeddedModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
-                                                       const V &value, E (T::*getter)() const,
-                                                       void (T::*setter)(const E &),
-                                                       V (E::*vGetter)() const, void (E::*vSetter)(const V &))
-{
-    const QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
-    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
-        for (T *element : elements) {
-            E embedded = ((*element).*getter)();
-            if (value != (embedded.*vGetter)()) {
-                m_propertiesView->beginUpdate(element);
-                (embedded.*vSetter)(value);
-                ((*element).*setter)(embedded);
-                m_propertiesView->endUpdate(element, false);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template<class T, class E, class V, class BASE>
-void PropertiesView::MView::assignEmbeddedModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
-                                                       const V &value, E (T::*getter)() const,
-                                                       void (T::*setter)(const E &),
-                                                       V (E::*vGetter)() const, void (E::*vSetter)(V))
-{
-    const QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
-    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
-        for (T *element : elements) {
-            E embedded = ((*element).*getter)();
-            if (value != (embedded.*vGetter)()) {
-                m_propertiesView->beginUpdate(element);
-                (embedded.*vSetter)(value);
-                ((*element).*setter)(embedded);
-                m_propertiesView->endUpdate(element, false);
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    int index = translateRelationVisualPrimaryRoleToIndex(visualPrimaryRole);
+    const Style *style = m_propertiesView->styleController()->adaptRelationStyle(
+        elementType, RelationVisuals(DObject::PrimaryRoleNormal, visualPrimaryRole,
+                                     DRelation::SecondaryRoleNone, false));
+    m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector->setBrush(index, style->fillBrush());
+    m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector->setLinePen(index, style->linePen());
 }
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesviewmview.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesviewmview.h
index 4762803a20..8fa9f0d137 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesviewmview.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/model_widgets_ui/propertiesviewmview.h
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include "qmt/model/mconstvisitor.h"
 #include "qmt/diagram/dconstvisitor.h"
 #include "qmt/diagram/dobject.h"
+#include "qmt/diagram/drelation.h"
+#include "qmt/infrastructure/qmtassert.h"
 #include "qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.h"
 #include "qmt/style/styleengine.h"
 
@@ -76,6 +78,11 @@ public:
     void edit();
 
 protected:
+    virtual void visitMElementBehind(const MElement *element);
+    virtual void visitMObjectBehind(const MObject *object);
+    virtual void visitMDiagramBehind(const MDiagram *diagram);
+    virtual void visitDObjectBefore(const DObject *object);
+
     void onStereotypesChanged(const QString &stereotypes);
     void onObjectNameChanged(const QString &name);
     void onNamespaceChanged(const QString &umlNamespace);
@@ -110,6 +117,11 @@ protected:
     void onPlainShapeChanged(bool plainShape);
     void onItemShapeChanged(const QString &shape);
     void onAutoWidthChanged(bool autoWidthed);
+    void onRelationVisualPrimaryRoleChanged(int visualRoleIndex);
+    void onRelationVisualSecondaryRoleChanged(int visualRoleIndex);
+    void onRelationVisualEmphasizedChanged(bool visualEmphasized);
+    void onRelationColorChanged(const QColor &color);
+    void onRelationThicknessChanged(qreal thickness);
     void onAnnotationVisualRoleChanged(int visualRoleIndex);
 
     void prepare();
@@ -139,6 +151,9 @@ protected:
     QList<QString> splitTemplateParameters(const QString &templateParameters);
     QString formatTemplateParameters(const QList<QString> &templateParametersList);
 
+    void setRelationPrimaryRolePalette(StyleEngine::ElementType elementType,
+                                       DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole);
+
     enum SelectionType {
         SelectionSingle,
         SelectionMulti
@@ -149,6 +164,9 @@ protected:
     template<class T, class V, class BASE>
     bool haveSameValue(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, V (T::*getter)() const, V *value);
     template<class T, class V, class BASE>
+    bool isValueChanged(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
+                        const V &value, V (T::*getter)() const);
+    template<class T, class V, class BASE>
     void assignModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
                             const V &value, V (T::*getter)() const, void (T::*setter)(const V &));
     template<class T, class V, class BASE>
@@ -232,7 +250,132 @@ protected:
     QCheckBox *m_annotationAutoWidthCheckbox = nullptr;
     QComboBox *m_annotationVisualRoleSelector = nullptr;
     // DRelation
+    PaletteBox *m_relationVisualPrimaryRoleSelector = nullptr;
+    QComboBox *m_relationVisualSecondaryRoleSelector = nullptr;
+    QCheckBox *m_relationVisualEmphasizedCheckbox = nullptr;
     QLabel *m_pointsLabel = nullptr;
 };
 
+template<class T, class V>
+QList<T *> PropertiesView::MView::filter(const QList<V *> &elements)
+{
+    QList<T *> filtered;
+    for (auto *element : elements) {
+        auto t = dynamic_cast<T *>(element);
+        if (t)
+            filtered.append(t);
+    }
+    return filtered;
+}
+
+template<class T, class V, class BASE>
+inline bool PropertiesView::MView::haveSameValue(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, V (T::*getter)() const, V *value)
+{
+    QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
+    QMT_CHECK(!elements.isEmpty());
+    V candidate = V(); // avoid warning of reading uninitialized variable
+    bool haveCandidate = false;
+    for (const auto *element : elements) {
+        if (!haveCandidate) {
+            candidate = ((*element).*getter)();
+            haveCandidate = true;
+        } else {
+            if (candidate != ((*element).*getter)())
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+    QMT_CHECK(haveCandidate);
+    if (!haveCandidate)
+        return false;
+    if (value)
+        *value = candidate;
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<class T, class V, class BASE>
+inline bool PropertiesView::MView::isValueChanged(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
+                                                  const V &value, V (T::*getter)() const)
+{
+    QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
+    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
+        for (const auto *element : elements) {
+            if (value != ((*element).*getter)())
+                return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+template<class T, class V, class BASE>
+inline void PropertiesView::MView::assignModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
+                                                      const V &value, V (T::*getter)() const, void (T::*setter)(const V &))
+{
+    QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
+    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
+        for (auto *element : elements) {
+            if (value != ((*element).*getter)()) {
+                m_propertiesView->beginUpdate(element);
+                ((*element).*setter)(value);
+                m_propertiesView->endUpdate(element, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T, class V, class BASE>
+inline void PropertiesView::MView::assignModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
+                                                      const V &value, V (T::*getter)() const, void (T::*setter)(V))
+{
+    QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
+    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
+        for (auto *element : elements) {
+            if (value != ((*element).*getter)()) {
+                m_propertiesView->beginUpdate(element);
+                ((*element).*setter)(value);
+                m_propertiesView->endUpdate(element, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T, class E, class V, class BASE>
+inline void PropertiesView::MView::assignEmbeddedModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
+                                                              const V &value, E (T::*getter)() const,
+                                                              void (T::*setter)(const E &),
+                                                              V (E::*vGetter)() const, void (E::*vSetter)(const V &))
+{
+    QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
+    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
+        for (auto *element : elements) {
+            E embedded = ((*element).*getter)();
+            if (value != (embedded.*vGetter)()) {
+                m_propertiesView->beginUpdate(element);
+                (embedded.*vSetter)(value);
+                ((*element).*setter)(embedded);
+                m_propertiesView->endUpdate(element, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T, class E, class V, class BASE>
+inline void PropertiesView::MView::assignEmbeddedModelElement(const QList<BASE *> &baseElements, SelectionType selectionType,
+                                                              const V &value, E (T::*getter)() const,
+                                                              void (T::*setter)(const E &),
+                                                              V (E::*vGetter)() const, void (E::*vSetter)(V))
+{
+    QList<T *> elements = filter<T>(baseElements);
+    if ((selectionType == SelectionSingle && elements.size() == 1) || selectionType == SelectionMulti) {
+        for (auto *element : elements) {
+            E embedded = ((*element).*getter)();
+            if (value != (embedded.*vGetter)()) {
+                m_propertiesView->beginUpdate(element);
+                (embedded.*vSetter)(value);
+                ((*element).*setter)(embedded);
+                m_propertiesView->endUpdate(element, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project/project.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project/project.cpp
index 098db684ef..2e08adc6df 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project/project.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project/project.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #include "project.h"
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 Project::Project()
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ bool Project::hasFileName() const
     return !m_fileName.isEmpty();
 }
 
-void Project::setFileName(const QString &fileName)
+void Project::setFileName(const FilePath &fileName)
 {
     m_fileName = fileName;
 }
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ void Project::setRootPackage(MPackage *rootPackage)
     m_rootPackage = rootPackage;
 }
 
-void Project::setConfigPath(const QString &configPath)
+void Project::setConfigPath(const FilePath &configPath)
 {
     m_configPath = configPath;
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project/project.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project/project.h
index fab6bb4228..556471e9ed 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project/project.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project/project.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/uid.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QString>
 
 namespace qmt {
@@ -20,18 +22,18 @@ public:
     Uid uid() const { return m_uid; }
     void setUid(const Uid &uid);
     bool hasFileName() const;
-    QString fileName() const { return m_fileName; }
-    void setFileName(const QString &fileName);
+    Utils::FilePath fileName() const { return m_fileName; }
+    void setFileName(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
     MPackage *rootPackage() const { return m_rootPackage; }
     void setRootPackage(MPackage *rootPackage);
-    QString configPath() const { return m_configPath; }
-    void setConfigPath(const QString &configPath);
+    Utils::FilePath configPath() const { return m_configPath; }
+    void setConfigPath(const Utils::FilePath &configPath);
 
 private:
     Uid m_uid;
-    QString m_fileName;
+    Utils::FilePath m_fileName;
     MPackage *m_rootPackage = nullptr;
-    QString m_configPath;
+    Utils::FilePath m_configPath;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project_controller/projectcontroller.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project_controller/projectcontroller.cpp
index f7a7e6d2c9..47eb01138e 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project_controller/projectcontroller.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project_controller/projectcontroller.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 
 #include "../../modelinglibtr.h"
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 NoFileNameException::NoFileNameException()
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ ProjectController::~ProjectController()
 {
 }
 
-void ProjectController::newProject(const QString &fileName)
+void ProjectController::newProject(const FilePath &fileName)
 {
     m_project.reset(new Project());
     auto rootPackage = new MPackage();
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ void ProjectController::newProject(const QString &fileName)
     emit changed();
 }
 
-void ProjectController::setFileName(const QString &fileName)
+void ProjectController::setFileName(const FilePath &fileName)
 {
     if (fileName != m_project->fileName()) {
         m_project->setFileName(fileName);
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ void ProjectController::save()
     emit changed();
 }
 
-void ProjectController::saveAs(const QString &fileName)
+void ProjectController::saveAs(const FilePath &fileName)
 {
     setFileName(fileName);
     save();
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project_controller/projectcontroller.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project_controller/projectcontroller.h
index 1992c72448..09cf65074a 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project_controller/projectcontroller.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/project_controller/projectcontroller.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/exceptions.h"
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QObject>
 #include <QString>
 
@@ -35,19 +37,19 @@ public:
 
 signals:
     void changed();
-    void fileNameChanged(const QString &fileName);
+    void fileNameChanged(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
 
 public:
     Project *project() const { return m_project.data(); }
     bool isModified() const { return m_isModified; }
 
-    void newProject(const QString &fileName);
-    void setFileName(const QString &fileName);
+    void newProject(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
+    void setFileName(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
     void setModified();
 
     void load();
     void save();
-    void saveAs(const QString &fileName);
+    void saveAs(const Utils::FilePath &fileName);
 
 private:
     QScopedPointer<Project> m_project;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/diagramserializer.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/diagramserializer.cpp
index 5170d4fdc7..2d68862c32 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/diagramserializer.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/diagramserializer.cpp
@@ -29,10 +29,35 @@
 #include "qark/qxmlinarchive.h"
 #include "qark/serialize.h"
 
+#include <QBuffer>
+
 using namespace qmt;
 
 namespace qark {
 
+template<class Archive>
+inline void save(Archive &archive, const QImage &image)
+{
+    QByteArray a;
+    QBuffer buffer(&a);
+    buffer.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
+    image.save(&buffer, "PNG");
+    // TODO add write(const QByteArray &)
+    archive.write(QString::fromLatin1(a.toBase64()));
+}
+
+template<class Archive>
+inline void load(Archive &archive, QImage &image)
+{
+    QString s;
+    // TODO add read(QByteArray &)
+    archive.read(&s);
+    QByteArray a = QByteArray::fromBase64(s.toLatin1());
+    QBuffer buffer(&a);
+    buffer.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
+    image.load(&buffer, "PNG");
+}
+
 // DElement
 
 QARK_REGISTER_TYPE_NAME(DElement, "DElement")
@@ -102,7 +127,10 @@ inline void Access<Archive, DObject>::serialize(Archive &archive, DObject &objec
             || attr("visual-role", object, &visualRole, &setVisualRole)
             || attr("visual-role2", object, &DObject::visualSecondaryRole, &DObject::setVisualSecondaryRole)
             || attr("visual-emphasized", object, &DObject::isVisualEmphasized, &DObject::setVisualEmphasized)
+            || attr("linkedfile", object, &DObject::hasLinkedFile, &DObject::setLinkedFile)
             || attr("stereotype-display", object, &DObject::stereotypeDisplay, &DObject::setStereotypeDisplay)
+            || attr("image-path", object, &DObject::imagePath, &DObject::setImagePath)
+            || attr("image", object, &DObject::image, &DObject::setImage)
             // depth is not persistent
             || end;
 }
@@ -220,6 +248,9 @@ inline void Access<Archive, DRelation>::serialize(Archive &archive, DRelation &r
             || attr("b", relation, &DRelation::endBUid, &DRelation::setEndBUid)
             || attr("name", relation, &DRelation::name, &DRelation::setName)
             || attr("points", relation, &DRelation::intermediatePoints, &DRelation::setIntermediatePoints)
+            || attr("visualPrimaryRole", relation, &DRelation::visualPrimaryRole, &DRelation::setVisualPrimaryRole)
+            || attr("visualSecondaryRole", relation, &DRelation::visualSecondaryRole, &DRelation::setVisualSecondaryRole)
+            || attr("thickness", relation, &DRelation::thickness, &DRelation::setThickness)
             || end;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/diagramserializer.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/diagramserializer.h
index a571ff94ef..aa5d1adb52 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/diagramserializer.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/diagramserializer.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "qmt/diagram/dannotation.h"
 #include "qmt/diagram/dobject.h"
 #include "qmt/diagram/dclass.h"
+#include "qmt/diagram/drelation.h"
 
 #include "qark/serialize_enum.h"
 
@@ -16,5 +17,7 @@ QARK_SERIALIZE_ENUM(qmt::DObject::VisualSecondaryRole)
 QARK_SERIALIZE_ENUM(qmt::DObject::StereotypeDisplay)
 QARK_SERIALIZE_ENUM(qmt::DClass::TemplateDisplay)
 QARK_SERIALIZE_ENUM(qmt::DAnnotation::VisualRole)
+QARK_SERIALIZE_ENUM(qmt::DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole)
+QARK_SERIALIZE_ENUM(qmt::DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole)
 
 } // namespace qark
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/infrastructureserializer.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/infrastructureserializer.h
index e67e5af4eb..59103b3fa9 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/infrastructureserializer.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/infrastructureserializer.h
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/handle.h"
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/handles.h"
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/uid.h"
@@ -51,4 +53,20 @@ inline void serialize(Archive &archive, qmt::Handles<T> &handles)
             || end;
 }
 
+// Utils::FilePath
+
+template<class Archive>
+inline void save(Archive &archive, const Utils::FilePath &filePath)
+{
+    archive.write(filePath.toFSPathString());
+}
+
+template<class Archive>
+inline void load(Archive &archive, Utils::FilePath &filePath)
+{
+    QString s;
+    archive.read(&s);
+    filePath = Utils::FilePath::fromUserInput(s);
+}
+
 } // namespace qark
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/modelserializer.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/modelserializer.cpp
index 115eba08d0..935a825ab2 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/modelserializer.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/modelserializer.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ inline void Access<Archive, MObject>::serialize(Archive &archive, MObject &objec
     archive || tag(object)
             || base<MElement>(object)
             || attr("name", object, &MObject::name, &MObject::setName)
+            || attr("linkedfilename", object, &MObject::linkedFileName, &MObject::setLinkedFileName)
             || attr("children", object, &MObject::children, &MObject::setChildren)
             || attr("relations", object, &MObject::relations, &MObject::setRelations)
             || end;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/projectserializer.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/projectserializer.cpp
index 77f231b358..832d47309b 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/projectserializer.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/projectserializer.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 
 #include <QFile>
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qark {
 
 using namespace qmt;
@@ -48,11 +50,11 @@ ProjectSerializer::~ProjectSerializer()
 {
 }
 
-void ProjectSerializer::save(const QString &fileName, const Project *project)
+void ProjectSerializer::save(const FilePath &fileName, const Project *project)
 {
     QMT_ASSERT(project, return);
 
-    QFile file(fileName);
+    QFile file(fileName.toFSPathString());
     if (!file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly))
         throw FileCreationException(fileName);
 
@@ -84,11 +86,11 @@ QByteArray ProjectSerializer::save(const Project *project)
     return buffer;
 }
 
-void ProjectSerializer::load(const QString &fileName, Project *project)
+void ProjectSerializer::load(const FilePath &fileName, Project *project)
 {
     QMT_ASSERT(project, return);
 
-    QFile file(fileName);
+    QFile file(fileName.toFSPathString());
     if (!file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly))
         throw FileNotFoundException(fileName);
 
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/projectserializer.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/projectserializer.h
index c6dd74bcd8..bafa407071 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/projectserializer.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/serializer/projectserializer.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmt_global.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QString>
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
@@ -21,9 +23,9 @@ public:
     ProjectSerializer();
     ~ProjectSerializer();
 
-    void save(const QString &fileName, const Project *project);
+    void save(const Utils::FilePath &fileName, const Project *project);
     QByteArray save(const Project *project);
-    void load(const QString &fileName, Project *project);
+    void load(const Utils::FilePath &fileName, Project *project);
 
 private:
     void write(QXmlStreamWriter *writer, const Project *project);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/customrelation.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/customrelation.cpp
index fa9c80a1a0..cc80da1b80 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/customrelation.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/customrelation.cpp
@@ -114,4 +114,9 @@ void CustomRelation::setColor(const QColor &color)
     m_color = color;
 }
 
+void CustomRelation::setEmphasized(bool emphasized)
+{
+    m_emphasized = emphasized;
+}
+
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/customrelation.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/customrelation.h
index 7125865ade..dd32c542c0 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/customrelation.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/customrelation.h
@@ -55,7 +55,10 @@ public:
     enum class ColorType {
         EndA,
         EndB,
-        Custom
+        Custom,
+        Warning,
+        Error,
+        Soften,
     };
 
     class End {
@@ -113,6 +116,8 @@ public:
     void setColorType(ColorType colorType);
     QColor color() const { return m_color; }
     void setColor(const QColor &color);
+    bool emphasized() const { return m_emphasized; }
+    void setEmphasized(bool emphasized);
 
     friend auto qHash(CustomRelation::Relationship relationship) {
         return ::qHash(static_cast<int>(relationship));
@@ -139,6 +144,7 @@ private:
     ShaftPattern m_shaftPattern = ShaftPattern::Solid;
     ColorType m_colorType = ColorType::EndA;
     QColor m_color;
+    bool m_emphasized = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/shapevalue.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/shapevalue.cpp
index 9e1ee46c15..cf8ea5ef65 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/shapevalue.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/shapevalue.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ qreal ShapeValueF::mapScaledTo(qreal scaledOrigin, qreal originalSize, qreal bas
         v = originalSize != 0 ? (m_value * actualSize / originalSize) : m_value;
         break;
     case UnitPercentage:
-        v = m_value * actualSize;
+        v = m_value * actualSize / 100.0;
         break;
     }
     switch (m_origin) {
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.cpp
index 030c9e12a5..2f679df117 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmtassert.h"
 #include "qmt/style/style.h"
+
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
 #include <utils/algorithm.h>
 
 #include <QHash>
@@ -19,12 +21,14 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
+using Utils::FilePath;
+
 namespace qmt {
 
 namespace {
 
 struct IconKey {
-    IconKey(StereotypeIcon::Element element, const QList<QString> &stereotypes, const QString &defaultIconPath,
+    IconKey(StereotypeIcon::Element element, const QList<QString> &stereotypes, const FilePath &defaultIconPath,
             const Uid &styleUid, const QSize &size, const QMarginsF &margins, qreal lineWidth)
         : m_element(element),
           m_stereotypes(stereotypes),
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ struct IconKey {
 
     const StereotypeIcon::Element m_element;
     const QList<QString> m_stereotypes;
-    const QString m_defaultIconPath;
+    const FilePath m_defaultIconPath;
     const Uid m_styleUid;
     const QSize m_size;
     const QMarginsF m_margins;
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@ public:
     QHash<QPair<StereotypeIcon::Element, QString>, QString> m_stereotypeToIconIdMap;
     QHash<QString, StereotypeIcon> m_iconIdToStereotypeIconsMap;
     QHash<QString, CustomRelation> m_relationIdToCustomRelationMap;
+    QHash<QString, CustomRelation> m_stereotypeToCustomRelationMap;
     QList<Toolbar> m_toolbars;
     QList<Toolbar> m_elementToolbars;
     QHash<IconKey, QIcon> m_iconMap;
@@ -150,8 +155,13 @@ CustomRelation StereotypeController::findCustomRelation(const QString &customRel
     return d->m_relationIdToCustomRelationMap.value(customRelationId);
 }
 
+CustomRelation StereotypeController::findCustomRelationByStereotype(const QString &steoreotype) const
+{
+    return d->m_stereotypeToCustomRelationMap.value(steoreotype);
+}
+
 QIcon StereotypeController::createIcon(StereotypeIcon::Element element, const QList<QString> &stereotypes,
-                                       const QString &defaultIconPath, const Style *style, const QSize &size,
+                                       const FilePath &defaultIconPath, const Style *style, const QSize &size,
                                        const QMarginsF &margins, qreal lineWidth)
 {
     IconKey key(element, stereotypes, defaultIconPath, style->uid(), size, margins, lineWidth);
@@ -225,7 +235,7 @@ QIcon StereotypeController::createIcon(StereotypeIcon::Element element, const QL
         icon = QIcon(pixmap);
     }
     if (icon.isNull() && !defaultIconPath.isEmpty())
-        icon = QIcon(defaultIconPath);
+        icon = QIcon(defaultIconPath.toFSPathString());
     d->m_iconMap.insert(key, icon);
     return icon;
 
@@ -251,6 +261,9 @@ void StereotypeController::addStereotypeIcon(const StereotypeIcon &stereotypeIco
 void StereotypeController::addCustomRelation(const CustomRelation &customRelation)
 {
     d->m_relationIdToCustomRelationMap.insert(customRelation.id(), customRelation);
+    QString stereotype = Utils::toList(customRelation.stereotypes()).value(0);
+    if (!stereotype.isEmpty())
+        d->m_stereotypeToCustomRelationMap.insert(stereotype, customRelation);
 }
 
 void StereotypeController::addToolbar(const Toolbar &toolbar)
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.h
index 676f9a275a..49acc5f937 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypecontroller.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 #include "stereotypeicon.h"
 
+#include <utils/filepath.h>
+
 #include <QMarginsF>
 #include <QObject>
 
@@ -33,9 +35,14 @@ public:
                                              const QList<QString> &stereotypes) const;
     StereotypeIcon findStereotypeIcon(const QString &stereotypeIconId) const;
     CustomRelation findCustomRelation(const QString &customRelationId) const;
-    QIcon createIcon(StereotypeIcon::Element element, const QList<QString> &stereotypes,
-                     const QString &defaultIconPath, const Style *style,
-                     const QSize &size, const QMarginsF &margins, qreal lineWidth);
+    CustomRelation findCustomRelationByStereotype(const QString &steoreotype) const;
+    QIcon createIcon(StereotypeIcon::Element element,
+                     const QList<QString> &stereotypes,
+                     const Utils::FilePath &defaultIconPath,
+                     const Style *style,
+                     const QSize &size,
+                     const QMarginsF &margins,
+                     qreal lineWidth);
 
     void addStereotypeIcon(const StereotypeIcon &stereotypeIcon);
     void addCustomRelation(const CustomRelation &customRelation);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.cpp
index 8bcf5df170..19e466c509 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.cpp
@@ -62,6 +62,21 @@ void StereotypeIcon::setMinHeight(qreal minHeight)
     m_minHeight = minHeight;
 }
 
+void StereotypeIcon::setIconWith(qreal iconWidth)
+{
+    m_iconWidth = iconWidth;
+}
+
+void StereotypeIcon::setIconHeight(qreal iconHeight)
+{
+    m_iconHeight = iconHeight;
+}
+
+void StereotypeIcon::setDepthLayer(DepthLayer depthLayer)
+{
+    m_depthLayer = depthLayer;
+}
+
 void StereotypeIcon::setSizeLock(StereotypeIcon::SizeLock sizeLock)
 {
     m_sizeLock = sizeLock;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.h
index be45245da5..fcb5f1a15c 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/stereotype/stereotypeicon.h
@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ public:
         DisplaySmart
     };
 
+    enum DepthLayer {
+        DepthBehindItems,
+        DepthAmongItems,
+        DepthBeforeItems,
+    };
+
     enum SizeLock {
         LockNone,
         LockWidth,
@@ -62,12 +68,20 @@ public:
     void setWidth(qreal width);
     qreal height() const { return m_height; }
     void setHeight(qreal height);
-    bool hasMinWidth() const { return m_minWidth > 0; }
+    bool hasMinWidth() const { return m_minWidth > 0.0; }
     qreal minWidth() const { return m_minWidth; }
     void setMinWidth(qreal minWidth);
-    bool hasMinHeight() const { return m_minHeight > 0; }
+    bool hasMinHeight() const { return m_minHeight > 0.0; }
     qreal minHeight() const { return m_minHeight; }
     void setMinHeight(qreal minHeight);
+    bool hasIconWidth() const { return m_iconWidth > 0.0; }
+    qreal iconWidth() const { return m_iconWidth; }
+    void setIconWith(qreal iconWidth);
+    bool hasIconHeight() const { return m_iconHeight > 0.0; }
+    qreal iconHeight() const { return m_iconHeight; }
+    void setIconHeight(qreal iconHeight);
+    DepthLayer depthLayer() const { return m_depthLayer; }
+    void setDepthLayer(DepthLayer depthLayer);
     SizeLock sizeLock() const { return m_sizeLock; }
     void setSizeLock(SizeLock sizeLock);
     Display display() const { return m_display; }
@@ -90,8 +104,11 @@ private:
     QString m_name;
     qreal m_width = 100.0;
     qreal m_height = 100.0;
-    qreal m_minWidth = -1;
-    qreal m_minHeight = -1;
+    qreal m_minWidth = -1.0;
+    qreal m_minHeight = -1.0;
+    qreal m_iconWidth = -1.0;
+    qreal m_iconHeight = -1.0;
+    DepthLayer m_depthLayer = DepthAmongItems;
     SizeLock m_sizeLock = LockNone;
     Display m_display = DisplaySmart;
     TextAlignment m_textAlignment = TextalignBelow;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/defaultstyleengine.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/defaultstyleengine.cpp
index 74e91837dc..bce1804892 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/defaultstyleengine.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/defaultstyleengine.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "defaultstyle.h"
 #include "objectvisuals.h"
+#include "relationvisuals.h"
 #include "styledobject.h"
 #include "styledrelation.h"
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "qmt/diagram/ditem.h"
 #include "qmt/diagram/dannotation.h"
 #include "qmt/infrastructure/qmtassert.h"
+#include "qmt/stereotype/customrelation.h"
 
 #include <utils/algorithm.h>
 
@@ -73,25 +75,29 @@ bool operator==(const ObjectStyleKey &lhs, const ObjectStyleKey &rhs)
 class RelationStyleKey
 {
 public:
-    RelationStyleKey(StyleEngine::ElementType elementType = StyleEngine::TypeOther,
-                     DObject::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole = DObject::PrimaryRoleNormal)
+    RelationStyleKey(StyleEngine::ElementType elementType, const RelationVisuals &relationVisuals,
+                     bool withObject = false)
         : m_elementType(elementType),
-          m_visualPrimaryRole(visualPrimaryRole)
+          m_relationVisuals(relationVisuals),
+        m_withObject(withObject)
     {
     }
 
     StyleEngine::ElementType m_elementType = StyleEngine::TypeOther;
-    DObject::VisualPrimaryRole m_visualPrimaryRole = DObject::PrimaryRoleNormal;
+    RelationVisuals m_relationVisuals;
+    bool m_withObject = false;
 };
 
 size_t qHash(const RelationStyleKey &styleKey)
 {
-    return ::qHash(styleKey.m_elementType) ^ ::qHash(styleKey.m_visualPrimaryRole);
+    return ::qHash(styleKey.m_elementType) ^ qHash(styleKey.m_relationVisuals);
 }
 
 bool operator==(const RelationStyleKey &lhs, const RelationStyleKey &rhs)
 {
-    return lhs.m_elementType == rhs.m_elementType && lhs.m_visualPrimaryRole == rhs.m_visualPrimaryRole;
+    return lhs.m_elementType == rhs.m_elementType
+           && lhs.m_relationVisuals == rhs.m_relationVisuals
+           && lhs.m_withObject == rhs.m_withObject;
 }
 
 class AnnotationStyleKey
@@ -253,34 +259,6 @@ const Style *DefaultStyleEngine::applyObjectStyle(const Style *baseStyle, StyleE
     return derivedStyle;
 }
 
-static bool areStackingRoles(DObject::VisualPrimaryRole rhsPrimaryRole,
-                             DObject::VisualSecondaryRole rhsSecondaryRole,
-                             DObject::VisualPrimaryRole lhsPrimaryRole,
-                             DObject::VisualSecondaryRole lhsSecondaryRols)
-{
-    switch (rhsSecondaryRole) {
-    case DObject::SecondaryRoleNone:
-    case DObject::SecondaryRoleLighter:
-    case DObject::SecondaryRoleDarker:
-    case DObject::SecondaryRoleFlat:
-        switch (lhsSecondaryRols) {
-        case DObject::SecondaryRoleNone:
-        case DObject::SecondaryRoleLighter:
-        case DObject::SecondaryRoleDarker:
-        case DObject::SecondaryRoleFlat:
-            return lhsPrimaryRole == rhsPrimaryRole;
-        case DObject::SecondaryRoleSoften:
-        case DObject::SecondaryRoleOutline:
-            return false;
-        }
-        break;
-    case DObject::SecondaryRoleSoften:
-    case DObject::SecondaryRoleOutline:
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 const Style *DefaultStyleEngine::applyObjectStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const StyledObject &styledObject,
                                                   const Parameters *parameters)
 {
@@ -325,10 +303,12 @@ const Style *DefaultStyleEngine::applyObjectStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const
     }
     int depth = 0;
     if (!depths.isEmpty()) {
-        for (auto it = depths.cbegin(); it != depths.cend(); ++it) {
-            if (it->m_elementType == elementType
-                && areStackingRoles(it->m_visualPrimaryRole, it->m_visualSecondaryRole,
-                                    styledVisualPrimaryRole, styledVisualSecondaryRole)) {
+        const QList<int> keys = Utils::sorted(depths.keys());
+        for (int d : keys) {
+            DepthProperties properties = depths.value(d);
+            if (properties.m_elementType == elementType
+                    && areStackingRoles(properties.m_visualPrimaryRole, properties.m_visualSecondaryRole,
+                                        styledVisualPrimaryRole, styledVisualSecondaryRole)) {
                 ++depth;
             } else {
                 depth = 0;
@@ -345,13 +325,100 @@ const Style *DefaultStyleEngine::applyObjectStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const
                             parameters);
 }
 
+const Style *DefaultStyleEngine::applyRelationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, ElementType elementType, const RelationVisuals &relationVisuals, const Parameters *parameters)
+{
+    Q_UNUSED(parameters);
+
+    RelationStyleKey key(elementType, relationVisuals);
+    const Style *derivedStyle = m_relationStyleMap.value(key);
+    if (!derivedStyle) {
+        auto style = new Style(baseStyle->type());
+        static QColor customColors[] = {
+            QColor(0xEE, 0x8E, 0x99).darker(110),  // ROLE_CUSTOM1,
+            QColor(0x80, 0xAF, 0x47).lighter(130), // ROLE_CUSTOM2,
+            QColor(0xFF, 0xA1, 0x5B).lighter(100), // ROLE_CUSTOM3,
+            QColor(0x55, 0xC4, 0xCF).lighter(120), // ROLE_CUSTOM4,
+            QColor(0xFF, 0xE1, 0x4B)               // ROLE_CUSTOM5,
+        };
+
+        int index = static_cast<int>(relationVisuals.visualPrimaryRole()) - static_cast<int>(DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom1);
+        QColor lineColor = index >= 0 && index <= 4 ? customColors[index] : Qt::black;
+        switch (relationVisuals.visualSecondaryRole()) {
+        case DRelation::SecondaryRoleNone:
+            break;
+        case DRelation::SecondaryRoleWarning:
+            lineColor = Qt::yellow;
+            break;
+        case DRelation::SecondaryRoleError:
+            lineColor = Qt::red;
+            break;
+        case DRelation::SecondaryRoleSoften:
+            lineColor = Qt::gray;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        QColor fillColor = lineColor == Qt::black ? Qt::darkGray : lineColor.lighter(150);
+        QPen linePen = baseStyle->linePen();
+        linePen.setWidth(1);
+        linePen.setColor(lineColor);
+        style->setLinePen(linePen);
+        QBrush textBrush = baseStyle->textBrush();
+        textBrush.setColor(Qt::black);
+        style->setTextBrush(textBrush);
+        QBrush brush = baseStyle->fillBrush();
+        brush.setColor(fillColor);
+        brush.setStyle(Qt::SolidPattern);
+        style->setFillBrush(brush);
+        style->setNormalFont(baseStyle->normalFont());
+        style->setSmallFont(baseStyle->smallFont());
+        style->setHeaderFont(baseStyle->headerFont());
+        m_relationStyleMap.insert(key, style);
+        derivedStyle = style;
+    }
+    return derivedStyle;
+}
+
 const Style *DefaultStyleEngine::applyRelationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const StyledRelation &styledRelation,
                                                     const Parameters *parameters)
 {
     Q_UNUSED(parameters)
 
     ElementType elementType = objectType(styledRelation.endA());
-    RelationStyleKey key(elementType, styledRelation.endA() ? styledRelation.endA()->visualPrimaryRole() : DObject::PrimaryRoleNormal);
+    RelationVisuals relationVisuals;
+    if (styledRelation.customRelation()) {
+        switch (styledRelation.customRelation()->colorType()) {
+        case CustomRelation::ColorType::EndA:
+            // TODO implement
+            break;
+        case CustomRelation::ColorType::EndB:
+            // TODO implement
+            break;
+        case CustomRelation::ColorType::Custom:
+            // TODO implement
+            break;
+        case CustomRelation::ColorType::Warning:
+            relationVisuals.setVisualSecondaryRole(DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole::SecondaryRoleWarning);
+            break;
+        case CustomRelation::ColorType::Error:
+            relationVisuals.setVisualSecondaryRole(DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole::SecondaryRoleError);
+            break;
+        case CustomRelation::ColorType::Soften:
+            relationVisuals.setVisualSecondaryRole(DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole::SecondaryRoleSoften);
+            break;
+        }
+        relationVisuals.setEmphasized(styledRelation.customRelation()->emphasized());
+    }
+    if (styledRelation.endA())
+        relationVisuals.setVisualObjectPrimaryRole(styledRelation.endA()->visualPrimaryRole());
+    if (styledRelation.relation()) {
+        if (styledRelation.relation()->visualPrimaryRole() != DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole::PrimaryRoleNormal)
+            relationVisuals.setVisualPrimaryRole(styledRelation.relation()->visualPrimaryRole());
+        if (styledRelation.relation()->visualSecondaryRole() != DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole::SecondaryRoleNone)
+            relationVisuals.setVisualSecondaryRole(styledRelation.relation()->visualSecondaryRole());
+        if (styledRelation.relation()->isVisualEmphasized())
+            relationVisuals.setEmphasized(styledRelation.relation()->isVisualEmphasized());
+    }
+    RelationStyleKey key(elementType, relationVisuals, true);
     const Style *derivedStyle = m_relationStyleMap.value(key);
     if (!derivedStyle) {
         auto style = new Style(baseStyle->type());
@@ -365,12 +432,36 @@ const Style *DefaultStyleEngine::applyRelationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, cons
         QColor lineColor = DefaultStyleEngine::lineColor(objectType(object), objectVisuals);
         QColor fillColor = lineColor;
 
+        static QColor customColors[] = {
+            QColor(0xEE, 0x8E, 0x99).darker(110),  // ROLE_CUSTOM1,
+            QColor(0x80, 0xAF, 0x47).lighter(130), // ROLE_CUSTOM2,
+            QColor(0xFF, 0xA1, 0x5B).lighter(100), // ROLE_CUSTOM3,
+            QColor(0x55, 0xC4, 0xCF).lighter(120), // ROLE_CUSTOM4,
+            QColor(0xFF, 0xE1, 0x4B)               // ROLE_CUSTOM5,
+        };
+
+        int index = static_cast<int>(relationVisuals.visualPrimaryRole()) - static_cast<int>(DRelation::PrimaryRoleCustom1);
+        lineColor = (index >= 0 && index <= 4) ? customColors[index] : lineColor;
+        switch (relationVisuals.visualSecondaryRole()) {
+        case DRelation::SecondaryRoleNone:
+            break;
+        case DRelation::SecondaryRoleWarning:
+            lineColor = QColor(0xffc800);
+            break;
+        case DRelation::SecondaryRoleError:
+            lineColor = Qt::red;
+            break;
+        case DRelation::SecondaryRoleSoften:
+            lineColor = Qt::gray;
+            break;
+        }
+
         QPen linePen = baseStyle->linePen();
-        linePen.setWidth(1);
+        linePen.setWidth(relationVisuals.isEmphasized() ? 3 : 1);
         linePen.setColor(lineColor);
         style->setLinePen(linePen);
         QBrush textBrush = baseStyle->textBrush();
-        textBrush.setColor(QColor("black"));
+        textBrush.setColor(Qt::black);
         style->setTextBrush(textBrush);
         QBrush brush = baseStyle->fillBrush();
         brush.setColor(fillColor);
@@ -497,6 +588,34 @@ DefaultStyleEngine::ElementType DefaultStyleEngine::objectType(const DObject *ob
     return elementType;
 }
 
+bool DefaultStyleEngine::areStackingRoles(DObject::VisualPrimaryRole rhsPrimaryRole,
+                                          DObject::VisualSecondaryRole rhsSecondaryRole,
+                                          DObject::VisualPrimaryRole lhsPrimaryRole,
+                                          DObject::VisualSecondaryRole lhsSecondaryRols)
+{
+    switch (rhsSecondaryRole) {
+    case DObject::SecondaryRoleNone:
+    case DObject::SecondaryRoleLighter:
+    case DObject::SecondaryRoleDarker:
+    case DObject::SecondaryRoleFlat:
+        switch (lhsSecondaryRols) {
+        case DObject::SecondaryRoleNone:
+        case DObject::SecondaryRoleLighter:
+        case DObject::SecondaryRoleDarker:
+        case DObject::SecondaryRoleFlat:
+            return lhsPrimaryRole == rhsPrimaryRole;
+        case DObject::SecondaryRoleSoften:
+        case DObject::SecondaryRoleOutline:
+            return false;
+        }
+        break;
+    case DObject::SecondaryRoleSoften:
+    case DObject::SecondaryRoleOutline:
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 QColor DefaultStyleEngine::baseColor(ElementType elementType, ObjectVisuals objectVisuals)
 {
     if (objectVisuals.visualSecondaryRole() == DObject::SecondaryRoleOutline)
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/defaultstyleengine.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/defaultstyleengine.h
index 67cdf9ed85..b5ebe557e0 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/defaultstyleengine.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/defaultstyleengine.h
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ public:
                                   const Parameters *parameters) override;
     const Style *applyObjectStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const StyledObject &styledObject,
                                   const Parameters *parameters) override;
+    const Style *applyRelationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, ElementType elementType,
+                                    const RelationVisuals &relationVisuals,
+                                    const Parameters *parameters) override;
     const Style *applyRelationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const StyledRelation &styledRelation,
                                     const Parameters *parameters) override;
     const Style *applyAnnotationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const DAnnotation *annotation,
@@ -54,6 +57,11 @@ private:
 
     ElementType objectType(const DObject *object);
 
+    bool areStackingRoles(DObject::VisualPrimaryRole rhsPrimaryRole,
+                          DObject::VisualSecondaryRole rhsSecondaryRole,
+                          DObject::VisualPrimaryRole lhsPrimaryRole,
+                          DObject::VisualSecondaryRole lhsSecondaryRols);
+
     QColor baseColor(ElementType elementType, ObjectVisuals objectVisuals);
     QColor lineColor(ElementType elementType, const ObjectVisuals &objectVisuals);
     QColor fillColor(ElementType elementType, const ObjectVisuals &objectVisuals);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/relationvisuals.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/relationvisuals.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d297047ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/relationvisuals.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jochen Becher
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#include "relationvisuals.h"
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+RelationVisuals::RelationVisuals() {}
+
+RelationVisuals::RelationVisuals(DObject::VisualPrimaryRole visualObjectPrimaryRole,
+                                 DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole,
+                                 DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole,
+                                 bool emphasized)
+    : m_visualObjectPrimaryRole(visualObjectPrimaryRole)
+    , m_visualPrimaryRole(visualPrimaryRole)
+    , m_visualSecondaryRole(visualSecondaryRole)
+    , m_isEmphasized(emphasized)
+{}
+
+RelationVisuals::~RelationVisuals() {}
+
+void RelationVisuals::setVisualPrimaryRole(DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole VisualPrimaryRole)
+{
+    m_visualPrimaryRole = VisualPrimaryRole;
+}
+
+void RelationVisuals::setVisualObjectPrimaryRole(DObject::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole)
+{
+    m_visualObjectPrimaryRole = visualPrimaryRole;
+}
+
+void RelationVisuals::setVisualSecondaryRole(DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole)
+{
+    m_visualSecondaryRole = visualSecondaryRole;
+}
+
+void RelationVisuals::setEmphasized(bool emphasized)
+{
+    m_isEmphasized = emphasized;
+}
+
+bool operator==(const RelationVisuals &lhs, const RelationVisuals &rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.visualObjectPrimaryRole() == rhs.visualObjectPrimaryRole()
+           && lhs.visualPrimaryRole() == rhs.visualPrimaryRole()
+           && lhs.visualSecondaryRole() == rhs.visualSecondaryRole()
+           && lhs.isEmphasized() == rhs.isEmphasized();
+}
+
+size_t qHash(const RelationVisuals &relationVisuals)
+{
+    return ::qHash(static_cast<int>(relationVisuals.visualObjectPrimaryRole()))
+           ^ ::qHash(static_cast<int>(relationVisuals.visualPrimaryRole()))
+           ^ ::qHash(static_cast<int>(relationVisuals.visualSecondaryRole()))
+           ^ ::qHash(relationVisuals.isEmphasized());
+}
+
+} // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/relationvisuals.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/relationvisuals.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be87a7d291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/relationvisuals.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jochen Becher
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "qmt/diagram/drelation.h"
+#include "qmt/diagram/dobject.h"
+
+#include <QColor>
+
+namespace qmt {
+
+class QMT_EXPORT RelationVisuals
+{
+public:
+    RelationVisuals();
+    RelationVisuals(DObject::VisualPrimaryRole visualObjectPrimaryRole,
+                    DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole,
+                    DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole,
+                    bool emphasized);
+    ~RelationVisuals();
+
+    DObject::VisualPrimaryRole visualObjectPrimaryRole() const { return m_visualObjectPrimaryRole; }
+    void setVisualObjectPrimaryRole(DObject::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole);
+    DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole() const { return m_visualPrimaryRole; }
+    void setVisualPrimaryRole(DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole visualPrimaryRole);
+    DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole() const { return m_visualSecondaryRole; }
+    void setVisualSecondaryRole(DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole visualSecondaryRole);
+    bool isEmphasized() const { return m_isEmphasized; }
+    void setEmphasized(bool emphasized);
+
+private:
+    DObject::VisualPrimaryRole m_visualObjectPrimaryRole = DObject::PrimaryRoleNormal;
+    DRelation::VisualPrimaryRole m_visualPrimaryRole = DRelation::PrimaryRoleNormal;
+    DRelation::VisualSecondaryRole m_visualSecondaryRole = DRelation::SecondaryRoleNone;
+    bool m_isEmphasized = false;
+};
+
+bool operator==(const RelationVisuals &lhs, const RelationVisuals &rhs);
+size_t qHash(const RelationVisuals &relationVisuals);
+
+} // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/stylecontroller.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/stylecontroller.cpp
index 5cd50c1738..bbfc28622e 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/stylecontroller.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/stylecontroller.cpp
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ const Style *StyleController::adaptObjectStyle(const StyledObject &object)
     return m_defaultStyleEngine->applyObjectStyle(m_defaultStyle.data(), object, &parameters);
 }
 
+const Style *StyleController::adaptRelationStyle(StyleEngine::ElementType elementType, const RelationVisuals &relationVisuals)
+{
+    Parameters parameters(this);
+    return m_defaultStyleEngine->applyRelationStyle(m_defaultStyle.data(), elementType, relationVisuals, &parameters);
+}
+
 const Style *StyleController::adaptRelationStyle(const StyledRelation &relation)
 {
     Parameters parameters(this);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/stylecontroller.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/stylecontroller.h
index 2627bb2caa..afa566460f 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/stylecontroller.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/stylecontroller.h
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "styleengine.h"
-#include "qmt/diagram/dobject.h"
 
 #include <QObject>
 #include <QScopedPointer>
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ namespace qmt {
 class Style;
 class ObjectVisuals;
 class StyledObject;
+class RelationVisuals;
 class StyledRelation;
 class DAnnotation;
 class DBoundary;
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ public:
     const Style *adaptObjectStyle(StyleEngine::ElementType elementType,
                                   const ObjectVisuals &objectVisuals);
     const Style *adaptObjectStyle(const StyledObject &object);
+    const Style *adaptRelationStyle(StyleEngine::ElementType elementType,
+                                    const RelationVisuals &relationVisuals);
     const Style *adaptRelationStyle(const StyledRelation &relation);
     const Style *adaptAnnotationStyle(const DAnnotation *annotation);
     const Style *adaptBoundaryStyle(const DBoundary *boundary);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styledrelation.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styledrelation.cpp
index 3c78abf96d..144e5f22ac 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styledrelation.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styledrelation.cpp
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 
 namespace qmt {
 
-StyledRelation::StyledRelation(const DRelation *relation, const DObject *endA, const DObject *endB)
+StyledRelation::StyledRelation(const DRelation *relation, const DObject *endA, const DObject *endB,
+                               const CustomRelation *customRelation)
     : m_relation(relation),
       m_endA(endA),
-      m_endB(endB)
+      m_endB(endB),
+      m_customRelation(customRelation)
 {
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styledrelation.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styledrelation.h
index 422947908e..27e8735463 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styledrelation.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styledrelation.h
@@ -9,21 +9,25 @@ namespace qmt {
 
 class DRelation;
 class DObject;
+class CustomRelation;
 
 class QMT_EXPORT StyledRelation
 {
 public:
-    StyledRelation(const DRelation *relation, const DObject *endA, const DObject *endB);
+    StyledRelation(const DRelation *relation, const DObject *endA, const DObject *endB,
+                   const CustomRelation *customRelation);
     ~StyledRelation();
 
     const DRelation *relation() const { return m_relation; }
     const DObject *endA() const { return m_endA; }
     const DObject *endB() const { return m_endB; }
+    const CustomRelation *customRelation() const { return m_customRelation; }
 
 private:
     const DRelation *m_relation = nullptr;
     const DObject *m_endA = nullptr;
     const DObject *m_endB = nullptr;
+    const CustomRelation *m_customRelation = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styleengine.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styleengine.h
index e78f4303d9..463a62a194 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styleengine.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/style/styleengine.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ namespace qmt {
 class Style;
 class ObjectVisuals;
 class StyledObject;
+class RelationVisuals;
 class StyledRelation;
 
 class DAnnotation;
@@ -51,6 +52,9 @@ public:
                                           const Parameters *parameters) = 0;
     virtual const Style *applyObjectStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const StyledObject &,
                                           const Parameters *) = 0;
+    virtual const Style *applyRelationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, ElementType elementType,
+                                            const RelationVisuals &relationVisuals,
+                                            const Parameters *) = 0;
     virtual const Style *applyRelationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const StyledRelation &,
                                             const Parameters *) = 0;
     virtual const Style *applyAnnotationStyle(const Style *baseStyle, const DAnnotation *,
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.cpp
index 00aacf9c82..23f6ddc297 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@
 #include "../../modelinglibtr.h"
 
 #include <QMenu>
-#include <QFileInfo>
-#include <QDir>
 #include <QQueue>
 #include <QPair>
 
@@ -421,7 +419,44 @@ void DiagramSceneController::dropNewModelElement(MObject *modelObject, MPackage
         emit newElementCreated(element, diagram);
 }
 
-void DiagramSceneController::addRelatedElements(const DSelection &selection, MDiagram *diagram)
+int DiagramSceneController::countRelatedElements(const DSelection &selection, MDiagram *diagram, std::function<bool (qmt::DObject *, qmt::MObject *, qmt::MRelation *)> filter)
+{
+    int counter = 0;
+    const QList<DSelection::Index> indices = selection.indices();
+    for (const DSelection::Index &index : indices) {
+        DElement *delement = m_diagramController->findElement(index.elementKey(), diagram);
+        QMT_ASSERT(delement, return 0);
+        DObject *dobject = dynamic_cast<DObject *>(delement);
+        if (dobject && dobject->modelUid().isValid()) {
+            MObject *mobject = m_modelController->findElement<MObject>(delement->modelUid());
+            if (mobject) {
+                const QList<MRelation *> relations = m_modelController->findRelationsOfObject(mobject);
+                QList<MRelation *> filteredRelations;
+                const QList<MRelation *> *relationsList = nullptr;
+                if (filter) {
+                    for (MRelation *relation : relations) {
+                        if (filter(dobject, mobject, relation))
+                            filteredRelations.append(relation);
+                    }
+                    relationsList = &filteredRelations;
+                } else {
+                    relationsList = &relations;
+                }
+                for (MRelation *relation : *relationsList) {
+                    if (relation->endAUid() != mobject->uid())
+                        ++counter;
+                    else if (relation->endBUid() != mobject->uid())
+                        ++counter;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return counter;
+}
+
+void DiagramSceneController::addRelatedElements(
+    const DSelection &selection, MDiagram *diagram,
+    std::function<bool (qmt::DObject *dobject, qmt::MObject *mobject, qmt::MRelation *relation)> filter)
 {
     m_diagramController->undoController()->beginMergeSequence(Tr::tr("Add Related Element"));
     const QList<DSelection::Index> indices = selection.indices();
@@ -435,8 +470,19 @@ void DiagramSceneController::addRelatedElements(const DSelection &selection, MDi
                 qreal dAngle = 360.0 / 11.5;
                 qreal dRadius = 100.0;
                 const QList<MRelation *> relations = m_modelController->findRelationsOfObject(mobject);
+                QList<MRelation *> filteredRelations;
+                const QList<MRelation *> *relationsList = nullptr;
+                if (filter) {
+                    for (MRelation *relation : relations) {
+                        if (filter(dobject, mobject, relation))
+                            filteredRelations.append(relation);
+                    }
+                    relationsList = &filteredRelations;
+                } else {
+                    relationsList = &relations;
+                }
                 int count = 0;
-                for (MRelation *relation : relations) {
+                for (MRelation *relation : *relationsList) {
                     if (relation->endAUid() != mobject->uid() || relation->endBUid() != mobject->uid())
                         ++count;
                 }
@@ -446,7 +492,7 @@ void DiagramSceneController::addRelatedElements(const DSelection &selection, MDi
                 }
                 qreal radius = 200.0;
                 qreal angle = 0.0;
-                for (MRelation *relation : relations) {
+                for (MRelation *relation : *relationsList) {
                     QPointF pos(dobject->pos());
                     pos += QPointF(radius * sin(angle / 180 * M_PI), -radius * cos(angle / 180 * M_PI));
                     bool added = false;
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.h
index a062fa10c4..14e704a192 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/diagramscenecontroller.h
@@ -86,7 +86,12 @@ public:
                         DElement *topMostElementAtPos, const QPointF &pos, MDiagram *diagram, const QPoint &viewPos, const QSize &viewSize);
     void dropNewModelElement(MObject *modelObject, MPackage *parentPackage, const QPointF &pos,
                              MDiagram *diagram);
-    void addRelatedElements(const DSelection &selection, MDiagram *diagram);
+    int countRelatedElements(
+        const DSelection &selection, MDiagram *diagram,
+        std::function<bool (qmt::DObject *dobject, qmt::MObject *mobject, qmt::MRelation *relation)> filter);
+    void addRelatedElements(
+        const DSelection &selection, MDiagram *diagram,
+        std::function<bool (qmt::DObject *dobject, qmt::MObject *mobject, qmt::MRelation *relation)> filter);
 
     MPackage *findSuitableParentPackage(DElement *topmostDiagramElement, MDiagram *diagram);
     MDiagram *findDiagramBySearchId(MPackage *package, const QString &diagramName);
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/ielementtasks.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/ielementtasks.h
index a40277d874..8c22632762 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/ielementtasks.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/ielementtasks.h
@@ -59,8 +59,13 @@ public:
     virtual void createAndOpenDiagram(const MElement *) = 0;
     virtual void createAndOpenDiagram(const DElement *, const MDiagram *) = 0;
 
+    virtual bool hasLinkedFile(const MElement *) const = 0;
+    virtual bool hasLinkedFile(const DElement *, const MDiagram *) const = 0;
+    virtual void openLinkedFile(const MElement *) = 0;
+    virtual void openLinkedFile(const DElement *, const MDiagram *) = 0;
+
     virtual bool extendContextMenu(const DElement *, const MDiagram *, QMenu *) = 0;
-    virtual bool handleContextMenuAction(const DElement *, const MDiagram *, const QString &) = 0;
+    virtual bool handleContextMenuAction(DElement *, MDiagram *, const QString &) = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/voidelementtasks.cpp b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/voidelementtasks.cpp
index 2bd7fbe049..fdc2e24bd4 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/voidelementtasks.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/voidelementtasks.cpp
@@ -147,12 +147,30 @@ void VoidElementTasks::createAndOpenDiagram(const DElement *, const MDiagram *)
 {
 }
 
+bool VoidElementTasks::hasLinkedFile(const MElement *) const
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool VoidElementTasks::hasLinkedFile(const DElement *, const MDiagram *) const
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+void VoidElementTasks::openLinkedFile(const MElement *)
+{
+}
+
+void VoidElementTasks::openLinkedFile(const DElement *, const MDiagram *)
+{
+}
+
 bool VoidElementTasks::extendContextMenu(const DElement *, const MDiagram *, QMenu *)
 {
     return false;
 }
 
-bool VoidElementTasks::handleContextMenuAction(const DElement *, const MDiagram *, const QString &)
+bool VoidElementTasks::handleContextMenuAction(DElement *, MDiagram *, const QString &)
 {
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/voidelementtasks.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/voidelementtasks.h
index 3e3d483d9a..9e8753b71e 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/voidelementtasks.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qmt/tasks/voidelementtasks.h
@@ -51,8 +51,13 @@ public:
     void createAndOpenDiagram(const MElement *) override;
     void createAndOpenDiagram(const DElement *, const MDiagram *) override;
 
+    bool hasLinkedFile(const qmt::MElement *) const override;
+    bool hasLinkedFile(const qmt::DElement *, const qmt::MDiagram *) const override;
+    void openLinkedFile(const qmt::MElement *) override;
+    void openLinkedFile(const qmt::DElement *, const qmt::MDiagram *) override;
+
     bool extendContextMenu(const DElement *, const MDiagram *, QMenu *) override;
-    bool handleContextMenuAction(const DElement *, const MDiagram *, const QString &) override;
+    bool handleContextMenuAction(DElement *, MDiagram *, const QString &) override;
 };
 
 } // namespace qmt
diff --git a/src/libs/modelinglib/qtserialization/inc/qark/serialize_container.h b/src/libs/modelinglib/qtserialization/inc/qark/serialize_container.h
index c95f2c3f96..109b77d991 100644
--- a/src/libs/modelinglib/qtserialization/inc/qark/serialize_container.h
+++ b/src/libs/modelinglib/qtserialization/inc/qark/serialize_container.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "parameters.h"
+#include "tag.h"
 
 #include <QList>
 #include <QHash>
diff --git a/src/libs/nanotrace/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/nanotrace/CMakeLists.txt
index 8652a81798..50693644ea 100644
--- a/src/libs/nanotrace/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/nanotrace/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -3,21 +3,21 @@ add_qtc_library(Nanotrace
   SOURCES
     nanotraceglobals.h
     nanotrace.cpp nanotrace.h
+    nanotracehr.cpp nanotracehr.h
+    staticstring.h
   PUBLIC_DEPENDS Qt::Core Qt::Gui
   PROPERTIES
     CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET default
     VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN OFF
 )
 
+if(TARGET Nanotrace)
+    target_compile_options(Nanotrace PUBLIC $<$<COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID:CXX,MSVC>:/wd5030>)
+endif()
+
 option(DESIGNSTUDIO_USE_NANOTRACE
        "Enables collecting performance data with nanotrace for Design Studio" OFF)
 extend_qtc_library(Nanotrace
   CONDITION DESIGN_STUDIO_USE_NANOTRACE
   PUBLIC_DEFINES NANOTRACE_DESIGNSTUDIO_ENABLED
 )
-
-option(NANOTRACEHR_ENABLED "Enables collecting high resolution performance data" OFF)
-extend_qtc_library(Nanotrace
-  SOURCES
-    nanotracehr.cpp nanotracehr.h
-)
diff --git a/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotraceglobals.h b/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotraceglobals.h
index 64af31aab9..145b8ad003 100644
--- a/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotraceglobals.h
+++ b/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotraceglobals.h
@@ -7,10 +7,24 @@
 
 #if defined(NANOTRACE_LIBRARY)
 #define NANOTRACE_EXPORT Q_DECL_EXPORT
+#  ifdef Q_OS_WINDOWS
+#    define NANOTRACE_EXPORT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE
+#  else
+#    define NANOTRACE_EXPORT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE Q_DECL_EXPORT
+#  endif
+#  ifdef Q_OS_WINDOWS
+#    define NANOTRACE_EXPORT_TEMPLATE Q_DECL_EXPORT
+#  else
+#    define NANOTRACE_EXPORT_TEMPLATE
+#  endif
 #elif defined(NANOTRACE_STATIC_LIBRARY)
-#define NANOTRACE_EXPORT
+#  define NANOTRACE_EXPORT
+#  define NANOTRACE_EXPORT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE
+#  define NANOTRACE_EXPORT_TEMPLATE
 #else
-#define NANOTRACE_EXPORT Q_DECL_IMPORT
+#  define NANOTRACE_EXPORT Q_DECL_IMPORT
+#  define NANOTRACE_EXPORT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE
+#  define NANOTRACE_EXPORT_TEMPLATE
 #endif
 
 #define NANOTRACESHARED_EXPORT NANOTRACE_EXPORT
diff --git a/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotracehr.cpp b/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotracehr.cpp
index ada5bf65f5..0006227434 100644
--- a/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotracehr.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotracehr.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,18 @@ unsigned int getUnsignedIntegerHash(std::thread::id id)
     return static_cast<unsigned int>(std::hash<std::thread::id>{}(id) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
 }
 
+template<std::size_t capacity>
+constexpr bool isArgumentValid(const StaticString<capacity> &string)
+{
+    return string.isValid() && string.size();
+}
+
+template<typename String>
+constexpr bool isArgumentValid(const String &string)
+{
+    return string.size();
+}
+
 template<typename TraceEvent>
 void printEvent(std::ostream &out, const TraceEvent &event, qint64 processId, std::thread::id threadId)
 {
@@ -67,23 +79,24 @@ void printEvent(std::ostream &out, const TraceEvent &event, qint64 processId, st
             out << R"(,"flow_in":true)";
     }
 
-    if (event.arguments.size())
+    if (isArgumentValid(event.arguments)) {
         out << R"(,"args":)" << event.arguments;
+    }
 
     out << "}";
 }
 
-void writeMetaEvent(TraceFile<Tracing::IsEnabled> *file, std::string_view key, std::string_view value)
+void writeMetaEvent(TraceFile<Tracing::IsEnabled> &file, std::string_view key, std::string_view value)
 {
-    std::lock_guard lock{file->fileMutex};
-    auto &out = file->out;
+    std::lock_guard lock{file.fileMutex};
+    auto &out = file.out;
 
     if (out.is_open()) {
-        file->out << R"({"name":")" << key << R"(","ph":"M", "pid":)"
-                  << getUnsignedIntegerHash(QCoreApplication::applicationPid()) << R"(,"tid":)"
-                  << getUnsignedIntegerHash(std::this_thread::get_id()) << R"(,"args":{"name":")"
-                  << value << R"("}})"
-                  << ",\n";
+        file.out << R"({"name":")" << key << R"(","ph":"M", "pid":)"
+                 << getUnsignedIntegerHash(QCoreApplication::applicationPid()) << R"(,"tid":)"
+                 << getUnsignedIntegerHash(std::this_thread::get_id()) << R"(,"args":{"name":")"
+                 << value << R"("}})"
+                 << ",\n";
     }
 }
 
@@ -103,7 +116,6 @@ std::string getThreadName()
 
 } // namespace
 
-namespace Internal {
 template<typename String>
 void convertToString(String &string, const QImage &image)
 {
@@ -132,14 +144,11 @@ void convertToString(String &string, const QImage &image)
                                                      return "alpha premultiplied"sv;
                                              }))));
 
-    Internal::convertToString(string, dict);
+    convertToString(string, dict);
 }
 
-template NANOTRACE_EXPORT void convertToString(std::string &string, const QImage &image);
 template NANOTRACE_EXPORT void convertToString(ArgumentsString &string, const QImage &image);
 
-} // namespace Internal
-
 template<typename TraceEvent>
 void flushEvents(const Utils::span<TraceEvent> events,
                  std::thread::id threadId,
@@ -148,8 +157,8 @@ void flushEvents(const Utils::span<TraceEvent> events,
     if (events.empty())
         return;
 
-    std::lock_guard lock{eventQueue.file->fileMutex};
-    auto &out = eventQueue.file->out;
+    std::lock_guard lock{eventQueue.file.fileMutex};
+    auto &out = eventQueue.file.out;
 
     if (out.is_open()) {
         auto processId = QCoreApplication::applicationPid();
@@ -200,17 +209,17 @@ void finalizeFile(EnabledTraceFile &file)
 template<typename TraceEvent>
 void flushInThread(EnabledEventQueue<TraceEvent> &eventQueue)
 {
-    if (eventQueue.file->processing.valid())
-        eventQueue.file->processing.wait();
+    if (eventQueue.file.processing.valid())
+        eventQueue.file.processing.wait();
 
     auto flush = [&](const Utils::span<TraceEvent> &events, std::thread::id threadId) {
         flushEvents(events, threadId, eventQueue);
     };
 
-    eventQueue.file->processing = std::async(std::launch::async,
-                                             flush,
-                                             eventQueue.currentEvents.subspan(0, eventQueue.eventsIndex),
-                                             eventQueue.threadId);
+    eventQueue.file.processing = std::async(std::launch::async,
+                                            flush,
+                                            eventQueue.currentEvents.subspan(0, eventQueue.eventsIndex),
+                                            eventQueue.threadId);
     eventQueue.currentEvents = eventQueue.currentEvents.data() == eventQueue.eventsOne.data()
                                    ? eventQueue.eventsTwo
                                    : eventQueue.eventsOne;
@@ -222,28 +231,12 @@ template NANOTRACE_EXPORT void flushInThread(EnabledEventQueue<StringTraceEvent>
 template NANOTRACE_EXPORT void flushInThread(
     EnabledEventQueue<StringViewWithStringArgumentsTraceEvent> &eventQueue);
 
-namespace {
-TraceFile<tracingStatus()> globalTraceFile{"global.json"};
-thread_local EventQueueData<StringTraceEvent, 1000, tracingStatus()> globalEventQueueData{
-    globalTraceFile};
-thread_local EventQueue s_globalEventQueue = globalEventQueueData.createEventQueue();
-} // namespace
-
-EventQueue<StringTraceEvent, tracingStatus()> &globalEventQueue()
-{
-    return s_globalEventQueue;
-}
-
 template<typename TraceEvent>
-EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>::EventQueue(EnabledTraceFile *file,
-                                                       TraceEventsSpan eventsOne,
-                                                       TraceEventsSpan eventsTwo)
+EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>::EventQueue(EnabledTraceFile &file)
     : file{file}
-    , eventsOne{eventsOne}
-    , eventsTwo{eventsTwo}
-    , currentEvents{eventsOne}
     , threadId{std::this_thread::get_id()}
 {
+    setEventsSpans(*eventArrayOne.get(), *eventArrayTwo.get());
     Internal::EventQueueTracker<TraceEvent>::get().addQueue(this);
     if (auto thread = QThread::currentThread()) {
         auto name = getThreadName();
@@ -262,6 +255,15 @@ EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>::~EventQueue()
 }
 
 template<typename TraceEvent>
+void EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>::setEventsSpans(TraceEventsSpan eventsSpanOne,
+                                                                TraceEventsSpan eventsSpanTwo)
+{
+    eventsOne = eventsSpanOne;
+    eventsTwo = eventsSpanTwo;
+    currentEvents = eventsSpanOne;
+}
+
+template<typename TraceEvent>
 void EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>::flush()
 {
     std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
@@ -271,8 +273,9 @@ void EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>::flush()
     }
 }
 
-template class EventQueue<StringViewTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
-template class EventQueue<StringTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
-template class EventQueue<StringViewWithStringArgumentsTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
+template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT_TEMPLATE EventQueue<StringViewTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
+template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT_TEMPLATE EventQueue<StringTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
+template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT_TEMPLATE
+    EventQueue<StringViewWithStringArgumentsTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
 
 } // namespace NanotraceHR
diff --git a/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotracehr.h b/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotracehr.h
index 62ec7dc03c..15f8109fe9 100644
--- a/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotracehr.h
+++ b/src/libs/nanotrace/nanotracehr.h
@@ -5,15 +5,23 @@
 
 #include "nanotraceglobals.h"
 
+#include "staticstring.h"
+
 #include <utils/smallstring.h>
 #include <utils/span.h>
+#include <utils/utility.h>
 
 #include <QByteArrayView>
+#include <QList>
+#include <QMap>
 #include <QStringView>
+#include <QVarLengthArray>
+#include <QVariant>
 
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <exception>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <future>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -32,15 +40,6 @@ static_assert(std::is_same_v<Clock::duration, std::chrono::nanoseconds>,
 
 enum class Tracing { IsDisabled, IsEnabled };
 
-constexpr Tracing tracingStatus()
-{
-#ifdef NANOTRACEHR_ENABLED
-    return Tracing::IsEnabled;
-#else
-    return Tracing::IsDisabled;
-#endif
-}
-
 #if __cplusplus >= 202002L && __has_cpp_attribute(msvc::no_unique_address)
 #  define NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS [[msvc::no_unique_address]]
 #elif __cplusplus >= 202002L && __has_cpp_attribute(no_unique_address) >= 201803L
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ constexpr Tracing tracingStatus()
 #  define NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
 #endif
 
-using ArgumentsString = Utils::BasicSmallString<510>;
+using ArgumentsString = StaticString<3700>;
 
 namespace Literals {
 struct TracerLiteral
@@ -60,6 +59,8 @@ struct TracerLiteral
 
     operator std::string() const { return std::string{text}; }
 
+    operator Utils::SmallString() const { return text; }
+
 private:
     constexpr TracerLiteral(std::string_view text)
         : text{text}
@@ -86,44 +87,41 @@ struct IsDictonary
 
 inline constexpr IsDictonary isDictonary;
 
-namespace Internal {
-
 template<typename String>
 void convertToString(String &string, std::string_view text)
 {
-    string.append(R"(")");
+    string.append('\"');
     string.append(text);
-    string.append(R"(")");
+    string.append('\"');
 }
 
 template<typename String>
 void convertToString(String &string, const QImage &image);
 
-extern template NANOTRACE_EXPORT void convertToString(std::string &string, const QImage &image);
 extern template NANOTRACE_EXPORT void convertToString(ArgumentsString &string, const QImage &image);
 
 template<typename String, std::size_t size>
 void convertToString(String &string, const char (&text)[size])
 {
-    string.append(R"(")");
-    string.append(text);
-    string.append(R"(")");
+    string.append('\"');
+    string.append(std::string_view{text, size - 1});
+    string.append('\"');
 }
 
 template<typename String>
 void convertToString(String &string, QStringView text)
 {
-    string.append(R"(")");
+    string.append('\"');
     string.append(Utils::PathString{text});
-    string.append(R"(")");
+    string.append('\"');
 }
 
 template<typename String>
 void convertToString(String &string, const QByteArray &text)
 {
-    string.append(R"(")");
+    string.append('\"');
     string.append(std::string_view(text.data(), Utils::usize(text)));
-    string.append(R"(")");
+    string.append('\"');
 }
 
 template<typename String>
@@ -135,38 +133,44 @@ void convertToString(String &string, bool isTrue)
         string.append("false");
 }
 
-template<typename String, typename Callable, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_invocable_v<Callable>>>
+template<typename String, typename Callable, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_invocable_v<Callable>, bool> = true>
 void convertToString(String &string, Callable &&callable)
 {
     convertToString(string, callable());
 }
 
-template<typename String>
-void convertToString(String &string, int number)
+template<typename String, typename Number, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<Number>, bool> = true>
+void convertToString(String &string, Number number)
 {
-    string.append(Utils::SmallString::number(number));
+    string.append(number);
 }
 
-template<typename String>
-void convertToString(String &string, long long number)
+template<typename String, typename Enumeration, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<Enumeration>, bool> = true>
+void convertToString(String &string, Enumeration enumeration)
 {
-    string.append(Utils::SmallString::number(number));
+    string.append(Utils::to_underlying(enumeration));
 }
 
 template<typename String>
-void convertToString(String &string, double number)
+void convertToString(String &string, const QString &text)
 {
-    string.append(Utils::SmallString::number(number));
+    convertToString(string, QStringView{text});
 }
 
-template<typename String, typename... Arguments>
-void convertToString(String &string, const std::tuple<const IsDictonary &, Arguments...> &dictonary);
-
-template<typename String, typename... Arguments>
-void convertToString(String &string, const std::tuple<const IsArray &, Arguments...> &list);
+template<typename String>
+void convertToString(String &string, const QVariant &value)
+{
+    convertToString(string, value.toString());
+}
 
-template<typename String, template<typename...> typename Container, typename... Arguments>
-void convertToString(String &string, const Container<Arguments...> &container);
+template<typename String, typename Type>
+void convertToString(String &string, const std::optional<Type> &value)
+{
+    if (value)
+        convertToString(string, *value);
+    else
+        convertToString(string, "empty optional");
+}
 
 template<typename String, typename Value>
 void convertArrayEntryToString(String &string, const Value &value)
@@ -178,15 +182,15 @@ void convertArrayEntryToString(String &string, const Value &value)
 template<typename String, typename... Entries>
 void convertArrayToString(String &string, const IsArray &, Entries &...entries)
 {
-    string.append(R"([)");
+    string.append('[');
     (convertArrayEntryToString(string, entries), ...);
     if (sizeof...(entries))
         string.pop_back();
-    string.append("]");
+    string.append(']');
 }
 
 template<typename String, typename... Arguments>
-void convertToString(String &string, const std::tuple<const IsArray &, Arguments...> &list)
+void convertToString(String &string, const std::tuple<IsArray, Arguments...> &list)
 {
     std::apply([&](auto &&...entries) { convertArrayToString(string, entries...); }, list);
 }
@@ -196,59 +200,107 @@ void convertDictonaryEntryToString(String &string, const std::tuple<Key, Value>
 {
     const auto &[key, value] = argument;
     convertToString(string, key);
-    string.append(":");
+    string.append(':');
     convertToString(string, value);
-    string.append(",");
+    string.append(',');
 }
 
 template<typename String, typename... Entries>
 void convertDictonaryToString(String &string, const IsDictonary &, Entries &...entries)
 {
-    string.append(R"({)");
+    string.append('{');
     (convertDictonaryEntryToString(string, entries), ...);
     if (sizeof...(entries))
         string.pop_back();
-    string.append("}");
+    string.append('}');
 }
 
 template<typename String, typename... Arguments>
-void convertToString(String &string, const std::tuple<const IsDictonary &, Arguments...> &dictonary)
+void convertToString(String &string, const std::tuple<IsDictonary, Arguments...> &dictonary)
 {
     std::apply([&](auto &&...entries) { convertDictonaryToString(string, entries...); }, dictonary);
 }
 
-template<typename String, template<typename...> typename Container, typename... Arguments>
-void convertToString(String &string, const Container<Arguments...> &container)
+template<typename T>
+struct is_container : std::false_type
+{};
+
+template<typename... Arguments>
+struct is_container<std::vector<Arguments...>> : std::true_type
+{};
+
+template<typename... Arguments>
+struct is_container<QList<Arguments...>> : std::true_type
+{};
+
+template<typename T, qsizetype Prealloc>
+struct is_container<QVarLengthArray<T, Prealloc>> : std::true_type
+{};
+
+template<typename String, typename Container, typename std::enable_if_t<is_container<Container>::value, bool> = true>
+void convertToString(String &string, const Container &values)
 {
-    string.append("[");
-    for (const auto &entry : container) {
-        convertToString(string, entry);
-        string.append(",");
+    string.append('[');
+
+    for (const auto &value : values) {
+        convertToString(string, value);
+        string.append(',');
     }
 
-    if (container.size())
+    if (values.size())
         string.pop_back();
 
-    string.append("]");
+    string.append(']');
 }
 
-template<typename String, typename... Arguments>
-String toArguments(Arguments &&...arguments)
+template<typename T>
+struct is_map : std::false_type
+{};
+
+template<typename... Arguments>
+struct is_map<QtPrivate::QKeyValueRange<Arguments...>> : std::true_type
+{};
+
+template<typename... Arguments>
+struct is_map<std::map<Arguments...>> : std::true_type
+{};
+
+template<typename String, typename Map, typename std::enable_if_t<is_map<Map>::value, bool> = true>
+void convertToString(String &string, const Map &map)
 {
-    if constexpr (tracingStatus() == Tracing::IsEnabled) {
-        String text;
-        constexpr auto argumentCount = sizeof...(Arguments);
-        text.append("{");
-        (convertDictonaryEntryToString(text, arguments), ...);
-        if (argumentCount)
-            text.pop_back();
-
-        text.append("}");
-
-        return text;
-    } else {
-        return {};
+    string.append('{');
+
+    for (const auto &[key, value] : map) {
+        convertToString(string, key);
+        string.append(':');
+        convertToString(string, value);
+        string.append(',');
     }
+
+    if (map.begin() != map.end())
+        string.pop_back();
+
+    string.append('}');
+}
+
+template<typename String, typename Key, typename Value>
+void convertToString(String &string, const QMap<Key, Value> &dictonary)
+{
+    convertToString(string, dictonary.asKeyValueRange());
+}
+
+namespace Internal {
+
+template<typename String, typename... Arguments>
+void toArguments(String &text, Arguments &&...arguments)
+{
+    constexpr auto argumentCount = sizeof...(Arguments);
+    text.append('{');
+    (convertDictonaryEntryToString(text, arguments), ...);
+    if (argumentCount)
+        text.pop_back();
+
+    text.append('}');
 }
 
 inline std::string_view toArguments(std::string_view arguments)
@@ -257,48 +309,58 @@ inline std::string_view toArguments(std::string_view arguments)
 }
 
 template<typename String>
-void appendArguments(String &eventArguments)
+void setArguments(String &eventArguments)
 {
-    eventArguments = {};
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<String, std::string_view>)
+        eventArguments = {};
+    else
+        eventArguments.clear();
 }
 
 template<typename String>
-void appendArguments(String &eventArguments, TracerLiteral arguments)
+void setArguments(String &eventArguments, TracerLiteral arguments)
 {
     eventArguments = arguments;
 }
 
 template<typename String, typename... Arguments>
-[[maybe_unused]] void appendArguments(String &eventArguments, Arguments &&...arguments)
+[[maybe_unused]] void setArguments(String &eventArguments, Arguments &&...arguments)
 {
     static_assert(
         !std::is_same_v<String, std::string_view>,
         R"(The arguments type of the tracing event queue is a string view. You can only provide trace token arguments as TracerLiteral (""_t).)");
 
-    eventArguments = Internal::toArguments<String>(std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<String, std::string_view>)
+        eventArguments = {};
+    else
+        eventArguments.clear();
+    Internal::toArguments(eventArguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
 }
 
 } // namespace Internal
 
 template<typename Key, typename Value>
-auto keyValue(Key &&key, Value &&value)
+auto keyValue(const Key &key, Value &&value)
 {
-    return std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Key>(key), std::forward<Value>(value));
+    if constexpr (std::is_lvalue_reference_v<Value>)
+        return std::tuple<const Key &, const Value &>(key, value);
+    else
+        return std::tuple<const Key &, std::decay_t<Value>>(key, value);
 }
 
 template<typename... Entries>
 auto dictonary(Entries &&...entries)
 {
-    return std::forward_as_tuple(isDictonary, std::forward<Entries>(entries)...);
+    return std::make_tuple(isDictonary, std::forward<Entries>(entries)...);
 }
 
 template<typename... Entries>
 auto array(Entries &&...entries)
 {
-    return std::forward_as_tuple(isArray, std::forward<Entries>(entries)...);
+    return std::make_tuple(isArray, std::forward<Entries>(entries)...);
 }
 
-enum class IsFlow : std::size_t { No = 0, Out = 1 << 0, In = 1 << 1, InOut = In | Out };
+enum class IsFlow : char { No = 0, Out = 1 << 0, In = 1 << 1, InOut = In | Out };
 
 inline bool operator&(IsFlow first, IsFlow second)
 {
@@ -307,7 +369,7 @@ inline bool operator&(IsFlow first, IsFlow second)
 }
 
 template<typename String, typename ArgumentsString>
-struct TraceEvent
+struct alignas(4096) TraceEvent
 {
     using StringType = String;
     using ArgumentType = std::conditional_t<std::is_same_v<String, std::string_view>, TracerLiteral, String>;
@@ -322,18 +384,18 @@ struct TraceEvent
 
     String name;
     String category;
-    ArgumentsString arguments;
     TimePoint time;
     Duration duration;
     std::size_t id = 0;
-    std::size_t bindId : 62;
-    IsFlow flow : 2;
+    std::size_t bindId = 0;
+    IsFlow flow = IsFlow::No;
     char type = ' ';
+    ArgumentsString arguments;
 };
 
 using StringViewTraceEvent = TraceEvent<std::string_view, std::string_view>;
 using StringViewWithStringArgumentsTraceEvent = TraceEvent<std::string_view, ArgumentsString>;
-using StringTraceEvent = TraceEvent<std::string, std::string>;
+using StringTraceEvent = TraceEvent<Utils::SmallString, ArgumentsString>;
 
 enum class IsEnabled { No, Yes };
 
@@ -411,6 +473,8 @@ class EventQueue
 {
 public:
     using IsActive = std::false_type;
+
+    template<typename TraceFile> EventQueue(TraceFile &) {}
 };
 
 namespace Internal {
@@ -421,7 +485,13 @@ class EventQueueTracker
     using Queue = EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
 
 public:
-    EventQueueTracker() = default;
+    EventQueueTracker()
+    {
+        terminateHandler = std::get_terminate();
+
+        std::set_terminate([]() { EventQueueTracker::get().terminate(); });
+    }
+
     EventQueueTracker(const EventQueueTracker &) = delete;
     EventQueueTracker(EventQueueTracker &&) = delete;
     EventQueueTracker &operator=(const EventQueueTracker &) = delete;
@@ -455,8 +525,25 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
+    void terminate()
+    {
+        flushAll();
+        if (terminateHandler)
+            terminateHandler();
+    }
+
+    void flushAll()
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
+
+        for (auto queue : queues)
+            queue->flush();
+    }
+
+private:
     std::mutex mutex;
     std::vector<Queue *> queues;
+    std::terminate_handler terminateHandler = nullptr;
 };
 } // namespace Internal
 
@@ -464,14 +551,17 @@ template<typename TraceEvent>
 class EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>
 {
     using TraceEventsSpan = Utils::span<TraceEvent>;
+    using TraceEvents = std::array<TraceEvent, 1000>;
 
 public:
     using IsActive = std::true_type;
 
-    EventQueue(EnabledTraceFile *file, TraceEventsSpan eventsOne, TraceEventsSpan eventsTwo);
+    EventQueue(EnabledTraceFile &file);
 
     ~EventQueue();
 
+    void setEventsSpans(TraceEventsSpan eventsOne, TraceEventsSpan eventsTwo);
+
     void flush();
 
     EventQueue(const EventQueue &) = delete;
@@ -479,7 +569,9 @@ public:
     EventQueue &operator=(const EventQueue &) = delete;
     EventQueue &operator=(EventQueue &&) = delete;
 
-    EnabledTraceFile *file = nullptr;
+    EnabledTraceFile &file;
+    std::unique_ptr<TraceEvents> eventArrayOne = std::make_unique<TraceEvents>();
+    std::unique_ptr<TraceEvents> eventArrayTwo = std::make_unique<TraceEvents>();
     TraceEventsSpan eventsOne;
     TraceEventsSpan eventsTwo;
     TraceEventsSpan currentEvents;
@@ -496,44 +588,10 @@ using StringViewWithStringArgumentsEventQueue = EventQueue<StringViewWithStringA
 template<Tracing isEnabled>
 using StringEventQueue = EventQueue<StringTraceEvent, isEnabled>;
 
-extern template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT EventQueue<StringViewTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
-extern template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT EventQueue<StringTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
-extern template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT EventQueue<StringViewWithStringArgumentsTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
-
-template<typename TraceEvent, std::size_t eventCount, Tracing isEnabled>
-class EventQueueData
-{
-public:
-    using IsActive = std::true_type;
-
-    EventQueueData(TraceFile<Tracing::IsDisabled> &) {}
-
-    EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsDisabled> createEventQueue() { return {}; }
-};
-
-template<typename TraceEvent, std::size_t eventCount>
-class EventQueueData<TraceEvent, eventCount, Tracing::IsEnabled>
-{
-    using TraceEvents = std::array<TraceEvent, eventCount>;
-
-public:
-    using IsActive = std::true_type;
-
-    EventQueueData(EnabledTraceFile &file)
-        : file{file}
-    {}
-
-    EventQueue<TraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled> createEventQueue()
-    {
-        return {&file, eventsOne, eventsTwo};
-    }
-
-    EnabledTraceFile &file;
-    TraceEvents eventsOne;
-    TraceEvents eventsTwo;
-};
-
-NANOTRACE_EXPORT EventQueue<StringTraceEvent, tracingStatus()> &globalEventQueue();
+extern template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE EventQueue<StringViewTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
+extern template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE EventQueue<StringTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
+extern template class NANOTRACE_EXPORT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE
+    EventQueue<StringViewWithStringArgumentsTraceEvent, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
 
 template<typename TraceEvent>
 TraceEvent &getTraceEvent(EnabledEventQueue<TraceEvent> &eventQueue)
@@ -574,6 +632,7 @@ public:
     BasicEnabledToken &operator=(const BasicEnabledToken &) = default;
     BasicEnabledToken(BasicEnabledToken &&other) noexcept = default;
     BasicEnabledToken &operator=(BasicEnabledToken &&other) noexcept = default;
+
     ~BasicEnabledToken() {}
 
     constexpr explicit operator bool() const { return false; }
@@ -672,7 +731,7 @@ public:
         std::size_t bindId = 0;
 
         if (m_id) {
-            auto category = m_category();
+            auto &category = m_category();
             bindId = category.createBindId();
             category.begin('b', m_id, name, bindId, IsFlow::Out, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
         }
@@ -727,101 +786,6 @@ using StringViewWithStringArgumentsCategory = Category<StringViewWithStringArgum
 using DisabledToken = Token<StringViewCategory<Tracing::IsDisabled>, Tracing::IsDisabled>;
 
 template<typename Category, Tracing isEnabled>
-class ObjectToken : public BasicDisabledToken
-{
-public:
-    using ArgumentType = typename Category::ArgumentType;
-
-    ObjectToken() = default;
-    ObjectToken(const ObjectToken &) = delete;
-    ObjectToken &operator=(const ObjectToken &) = delete;
-    ObjectToken(ObjectToken &&other) noexcept = default;
-    ObjectToken &operator=(ObjectToken &&other) noexcept = default;
-    ~ObjectToken() = default;
-
-    template<typename... Arguments>
-    void change(ArgumentType, Arguments &&...)
-    {}
-};
-
-template<typename Category>
-class ObjectToken<Category, Tracing::IsEnabled> : public BasicEnabledToken
-{
-    using CategoryFunctionPointer = typename Category::CategoryFunctionPointer;
-
-    ObjectToken(std::string_view name, std::size_t id, CategoryFunctionPointer category)
-        : m_name{name}
-        , m_id{id}
-        , m_category{category}
-    {}
-
-public:
-    using StringType = typename Category::StringType;
-    using ArgumentType = typename Category::ArgumentType;
-
-    friend Category;
-
-    ObjectToken(const ObjectToken &other)
-        : m_name{other.m_name}
-        , m_category{other.m_category}
-    {
-        if (other.m_id)
-            m_id = m_category().beginObject(m_name).m_id;
-    }
-
-    ObjectToken &operator=(const ObjectToken &other)
-    {
-        if (this != &other) {
-            ~ObjectToken();
-            if (other.m_id) {
-                m_category = other.m_category;
-                m_name = other.m_name;
-                m_id = other.m_category->beginObject(other.m_name).m_id;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    ObjectToken(ObjectToken &&other) noexcept
-        : m_name{std::move(other.m_name)}
-        , m_id{std::exchange(other.m_id, 0)}
-        , m_category{std::exchange(other.m_category, nullptr)}
-    {}
-
-    ObjectToken &operator=(ObjectToken &&other) noexcept
-    {
-        if (&other != this) {
-            m_name = std::move(other.m_name);
-            m_id = std::exchange(other.m_id, 0);
-            m_category = std::exchange(other.m_category, nullptr);
-        }
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    ~ObjectToken()
-    {
-        if (m_id)
-            m_category().end('e', m_id, std::move(m_name));
-
-        m_id = 0;
-    }
-
-    template<typename... Arguments>
-    void change(ArgumentType name, Arguments &&...arguments)
-    {
-        if (m_id) {
-            m_category().tick(
-                'n', m_id, std::move(name), 0, IsFlow::No, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
-        }
-    }
-
-private:
-    StringType m_name;
-    std::size_t m_id = 0;
-    CategoryFunctionPointer m_category = nullptr;
-};
-
-template<typename Category, Tracing isEnabled>
 class AsynchronousToken : public BasicDisabledToken
 {
 public:
@@ -847,6 +811,12 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
+    [[nodiscard]] AsynchronousToken begin(const FlowTokenType &, ArgumentType, Arguments &&...)
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Arguments>
     [[nodiscard]] std::pair<AsynchronousToken, FlowTokenType> beginWithFlow(ArgumentType,
                                                                             Arguments &&...)
     {
@@ -858,6 +828,10 @@ public:
     {}
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
+    void tick(const FlowTokenType &, ArgumentType, Arguments &&...)
+    {}
+
+    template<typename... Arguments>
     FlowTokenType tickWithFlow(ArgumentType, Arguments &&...)
     {
         return {};
@@ -866,8 +840,9 @@ public:
     template<typename... Arguments>
     void end(Arguments &&...)
     {}
-};
 
+    static constexpr bool categoryIsActive() { return Category::isActive(); }
+};
 
 using DisabledAsynchronousToken = AsynchronousToken<StringViewCategory<Tracing::IsDisabled>,
                                                     Tracing::IsDisabled>;
@@ -938,19 +913,35 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
+    [[nodiscard]] AsynchronousToken begin(const FlowTokenType &flowToken,
+                                          ArgumentType name,
+                                          Arguments &&...arguments)
+    {
+        if (m_id)
+            m_category().begin('b',
+                               m_id,
+                               name,
+                               flowToken.bindId(),
+                               IsFlow::In,
+                               std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+
+        return AsynchronousToken{std::move(name), m_id, m_category};
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Arguments>
     [[nodiscard]] std::pair<AsynchronousToken, FlowTokenType> beginWithFlow(ArgumentType name,
                                                                             Arguments &&...arguments)
     {
         std::size_t bindId = 0;
 
         if (m_id) {
-            auto category = m_category();
+            auto &category = m_category();
             bindId = category.createBindId();
             category.begin('b', m_id, name, bindId, IsFlow::Out, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
         }
 
         return {std::piecewise_construct,
-                std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(name), m_id, m_category),
+                std::forward_as_tuple(PrivateTag{}, std::move(name), m_id, m_category),
                 std::forward_as_tuple(PrivateTag{}, std::move(name), bindId, m_category)};
     }
 
@@ -964,17 +955,30 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
+    void tick(const FlowTokenType &flowToken, ArgumentType name, Arguments &&...arguments)
+    {
+        if (m_id) {
+            m_category().tick('n',
+                              m_id,
+                              std::move(name),
+                              flowToken.bindId(),
+                              IsFlow::In,
+                              std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Arguments>
     FlowTokenType tickWithFlow(ArgumentType name, Arguments &&...arguments)
     {
         std::size_t bindId = 0;
 
         if (m_id) {
-            auto category = m_category();
+            auto &category = m_category();
             bindId = category.createBindId();
             category.tick('n', m_id, name, bindId, IsFlow::Out, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
         }
 
-        return {std::move(name), bindId, m_category};
+        return {PrivateTag{}, std::move(name), bindId, m_category};
     }
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
@@ -986,6 +990,8 @@ public:
         m_id = 0;
     }
 
+    static constexpr bool categoryIsActive() { return Category::isActive(); }
+
 private:
     StringType m_name;
     std::size_t m_id = 0;
@@ -1087,9 +1093,9 @@ public:
         std::size_t id = 0;
 
         if (m_bindId) {
-            auto category = m_category();
+            auto &category = m_category();
             id = category.createId();
-            category->begin('b', id, name, m_bindId, IsFlow::In, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+            category.begin('b', id, name, m_bindId, IsFlow::In, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
         }
 
         return {std::move(name), id, m_category};
@@ -1103,10 +1109,10 @@ public:
         std::size_t bindId = 0;
 
         if (m_bindId) {
-            auto category = m_category();
+            auto &category = m_category();
             id = category.createId();
             bindId = category.createBindId();
-            category->begin('b', id, name, bindId, IsFlow::InOut, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+            category.begin('b', id, name, bindId, IsFlow::InOut, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
         }
 
         return {std::piecewise_construct,
@@ -1153,6 +1159,8 @@ public:
         m_category().tick('i', 0, name, m_bindId, IsFlow::In, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
     }
 
+    std::size_t bindId() const { return m_bindId; }
+
 private:
     StringType m_name;
     std::size_t m_bindId = 0;
@@ -1167,7 +1175,6 @@ public:
     using ArgumentType = typename TraceEvent::ArgumentType;
     using ArgumentsStringType = typename TraceEvent::ArgumentsStringType;
     using AsynchronousTokenType = AsynchronousToken<Category, Tracing::IsDisabled>;
-    using ObjectTokenType = ObjectToken<Category, Tracing::IsDisabled>;
     using FlowTokenType = FlowToken<Category, Tracing::IsDisabled>;
     using TracerType = Tracer<Category, std::false_type>;
     using TokenType = Token<Category, Tracing::IsDisabled>;
@@ -1190,12 +1197,6 @@ public:
     {}
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
-    [[nodiscard]] ObjectTokenType beginObject(ArgumentType, Arguments &&...)
-    {
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    template<typename... Arguments>
     [[nodiscard]] TracerType beginDuration(ArgumentType, Arguments &&...)
     {
         return {};
@@ -1208,6 +1209,10 @@ public:
         return std::pair<TracerType, FlowTokenType>();
     }
 
+    template<typename... Arguments>
+    void threadEvent(ArgumentType, Arguments &&...)
+    {}
+
     static constexpr bool isActive() { return false; }
 };
 
@@ -1223,14 +1228,12 @@ public:
     using ArgumentsStringType = typename TraceEvent::ArgumentsStringType;
     using StringType = typename TraceEvent::StringType;
     using AsynchronousTokenType = AsynchronousToken<Category, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
-    using ObjectTokenType = ObjectToken<Category, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
     using FlowTokenType = FlowToken<Category, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
     using TracerType = Tracer<Category, std::true_type>;
     using TokenType = Token<Category, Tracing::IsEnabled>;
     using CategoryFunctionPointer = Category &(*) ();
 
     friend AsynchronousTokenType;
-    friend ObjectTokenType;
     friend TokenType;
     friend FlowTokenType;
     friend TracerType;
@@ -1247,6 +1250,9 @@ public:
         m_bindIdCounter = m_globalBindIdCounter += 1ULL << 32;
     }
 
+    Category(const Category &) = delete;
+    Category &operator=(const Category &) = delete;
+
     template<typename... Arguments>
     [[nodiscard]] AsynchronousTokenType beginAsynchronous(ArgumentType traceName,
                                                           Arguments &&...arguments)
@@ -1273,16 +1279,6 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
-    [[nodiscard]] ObjectTokenType beginObject(ArgumentType traceName, Arguments &&...arguments)
-    {
-        std::size_t id = createId();
-
-        begin('b', id, std::move(traceName), 0, IsFlow::No, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
-
-        return {traceName, id, m_self};
-    }
-
-    template<typename... Arguments>
     [[nodiscard]] TracerType beginDuration(ArgumentType traceName, Arguments &&...arguments)
     {
         return {traceName, m_self, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...};
@@ -1304,6 +1300,24 @@ public:
                 std::forward_as_tuple(PrivateTag{}, traceName, bindId, m_self)};
     }
 
+    template<typename... Arguments>
+    void threadEvent(ArgumentType traceName, Arguments &&...arguments)
+    {
+        if (isEnabled == IsEnabled::No)
+            return;
+
+        auto &traceEvent = getTraceEvent(m_eventQueue);
+
+        traceEvent.time = Clock::now();
+        traceEvent.name = std::move(traceName);
+        traceEvent.category = traceName;
+        traceEvent.type = 'i';
+        traceEvent.id = 0;
+        traceEvent.bindId = 0;
+        traceEvent.flow = IsFlow::No;
+        Internal::setArguments(traceEvent.arguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+    }
+
     EnabledEventQueue<TraceEvent> &eventQueue() const { return m_eventQueue; }
 
     std::string_view name() const { return m_name; }
@@ -1337,7 +1351,7 @@ private:
         traceEvent.id = id;
         traceEvent.bindId = bindId;
         traceEvent.flow = flow;
-        Internal::appendArguments(traceEvent.arguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+        Internal::setArguments(traceEvent.arguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
         traceEvent.time = Clock::now();
     }
 
@@ -1363,7 +1377,7 @@ private:
         traceEvent.id = id;
         traceEvent.bindId = bindId;
         traceEvent.flow = flow;
-        Internal::appendArguments(traceEvent.arguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+        Internal::setArguments(traceEvent.arguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
     }
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
@@ -1383,9 +1397,11 @@ private:
         traceEvent.id = id;
         traceEvent.bindId = 0;
         traceEvent.flow = IsFlow::No;
-        Internal::appendArguments(traceEvent.arguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+        Internal::setArguments(traceEvent.arguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
     }
 
+    CategoryFunctionPointer self() { return m_self; }
+
 private:
     StringType m_name;
     EnabledEventQueue<TraceEvent> &m_eventQueue;
@@ -1470,11 +1486,8 @@ class Tracer<Category, std::true_type>
         , flow{flow}
         , m_category{category}
     {
-        if (category().isEnabled == IsEnabled::Yes) {
-            Internal::appendArguments<ArgumentsStringType>(m_arguments,
-                                                           std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
-            m_start = Clock::now();
-        }
+        if (category().isEnabled == IsEnabled::Yes)
+            sendBeginTrace(std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
     }
 
 public:
@@ -1493,13 +1506,15 @@ public:
         : m_name{name}
         , m_category{category}
     {
-        if (category().isEnabled == IsEnabled::Yes) {
-            Internal::appendArguments<ArgumentsStringType>(m_arguments,
-                                                           std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
-            m_start = Clock::now();
-        }
+        if (category().isEnabled == IsEnabled::Yes)
+            sendBeginTrace(std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
     }
 
+    template<typename... Arguments>
+    [[nodiscard]] Tracer(ArgumentType name, Category &category, Arguments &&...arguments)
+        : Tracer(std::move(name), category.self(), std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...)
+    {}
+
     Tracer(const Tracer &) = delete;
     Tracer &operator=(const Tracer &) = delete;
     Tracer(Tracer &&other) noexcept = delete;
@@ -1507,7 +1522,7 @@ public:
 
     TokenType createToken() { return {0, m_category}; }
 
-    ~Tracer() { sendTrace(); }
+    ~Tracer() { sendEndTrace(); }
 
     template<typename... Arguments>
     Tracer beginDuration(ArgumentType name, Arguments &&...arguments)
@@ -1524,44 +1539,52 @@ public:
     template<typename... Arguments>
     void end(Arguments &&...arguments)
     {
-        sendTrace(std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+        sendEndTrace(std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
         m_name = {};
     }
 
 private:
     template<typename... Arguments>
-    void sendTrace(Arguments &&...arguments)
+    void sendBeginTrace(Arguments &&...arguments)
+    {
+        auto &category = m_category();
+        if (category.isEnabled == IsEnabled::Yes) {
+            auto &traceEvent = getTraceEvent(category.eventQueue());
+            traceEvent.name = m_name;
+            traceEvent.category = category.name();
+            traceEvent.bindId = m_bindId;
+            traceEvent.flow = flow;
+            traceEvent.type = 'B';
+            Internal::setArguments<ArgumentsStringType>(traceEvent.arguments,
+                                                        std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
+            traceEvent.time = Clock::now();
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Arguments>
+    void sendEndTrace(Arguments &&...arguments)
     {
         if (m_name.size()) {
-            auto category = m_category();
+            auto &category = m_category();
             if (category.isEnabled == IsEnabled::Yes) {
-                auto duration = Clock::now() - m_start;
+                auto end = Clock::now();
                 auto &traceEvent = getTraceEvent(category.eventQueue());
-                traceEvent.name = m_name;
+                traceEvent.name = std::move(m_name);
                 traceEvent.category = category.name();
-                traceEvent.time = m_start;
-                traceEvent.duration = duration;
+                traceEvent.time = end;
                 traceEvent.bindId = m_bindId;
                 traceEvent.flow = flow;
-                traceEvent.type = 'X';
-                if (sizeof...(arguments)) {
-                    m_arguments.clear();
-                    Internal::appendArguments<ArgumentsStringType>(traceEvent.arguments,
-                                                                   std::forward<Arguments>(
-                                                                       arguments)...);
-                } else {
-                    traceEvent.arguments = m_arguments;
-                }
+                traceEvent.type = 'E';
+                Internal::setArguments<ArgumentsStringType>(traceEvent.arguments,
+                                                            std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
             }
         }
     }
 
 private:
-    TimePoint m_start;
     StringType m_name;
-    ArgumentsStringType m_arguments;
-    std::size_t m_bindId;
-    IsFlow flow;
+    std::size_t m_bindId = 0;
+    IsFlow flow = IsFlow::No;
     CategoryFunctionPointer m_category;
 };
 
@@ -1569,51 +1592,4 @@ template<typename Category, typename... Arguments>
 Tracer(typename Category::ArgumentType name, Category &category, Arguments &&...)
     -> Tracer<Category, typename Category::IsActive>;
 
-#ifdef NANOTRACEHR_ENABLED
-class GlobalTracer
-{
-public:
-    template<typename... Arguments>
-    [[nodiscard]] GlobalTracer(std::string name, std::string category, Arguments &&...arguments)
-        : m_name{std::move(name)}
-        , m_category{std::move(category)}
-    {
-        if (globalEventQueue().isEnabled == IsEnabled::Yes) {
-            Internal::appendArguments(m_arguments, std::forward<Arguments>(arguments)...);
-            m_start = Clock::now();
-        }
-    }
-
-    ~GlobalTracer()
-    {
-        if (globalEventQueue().isEnabled == IsEnabled::Yes) {
-            auto duration = Clock::now() - m_start;
-            auto &traceEvent = getTraceEvent(globalEventQueue());
-            traceEvent.name = std::move(m_name);
-            traceEvent.category = std::move(m_category);
-            traceEvent.arguments = std::move(m_arguments);
-            traceEvent.time = std::move(m_start);
-            traceEvent.duration = std::move(duration);
-            traceEvent.type = 'X';
-        }
-    }
-
-private:
-    TimePoint m_start;
-    std::string m_name;
-    std::string m_category;
-    std::string m_arguments;
-};
-#else
-class GlobalTracer
-{
-public:
-    GlobalTracer(std::string_view, std::string_view, std::string_view) {}
-
-    GlobalTracer(std::string_view, std::string_view) {}
-
-    ~GlobalTracer() {}
-};
-#endif
-
 } // namespace NanotraceHR
diff --git a/src/libs/nanotrace/staticstring.h b/src/libs/nanotrace/staticstring.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d787bd2fe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/nanotrace/staticstring.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utils/smallstringview.h>
+
+#if !(defined(__cpp_lib_to_chars) && (__cpp_lib_to_chars >= 201611L))
+#  include <QLocale>
+#endif
+
+#include <array>
+#include <charconv>
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace NanotraceHR {
+
+template<std::size_t Capacity>
+class StaticString
+{
+public:
+    StaticString() = default;
+    StaticString(const StaticString &) = delete;
+    StaticString &operator=(const StaticString &) = delete;
+
+    char *data() { return m_data.data(); }
+
+    const char *data() const { return m_data.data(); }
+
+    void append(Utils::SmallStringView string) noexcept
+    {
+        auto newSize = m_size + string.size();
+
+        if (newSize <= Capacity) {
+            std::char_traits<char>::copy(std::next(data(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(m_size)),
+                                         string.data(),
+                                         string.size());
+            m_size = newSize;
+        } else {
+            m_size = Capacity + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void append(char character) noexcept
+    {
+        auto newSize = m_size + 1;
+
+        if (newSize <= Capacity) {
+            auto current = std::next(data(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(m_size));
+            *current = character;
+
+            m_size = newSize;
+        } else {
+            m_size = Capacity + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename Type, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>, bool> = true>
+    void append(Type number)
+    {
+#if !(defined(__cpp_lib_to_chars) && (__cpp_lib_to_chars >= 201611L))
+        if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<Type>) {
+            QLocale locale{QLocale::Language::C};
+            append(locale.toString(number).toStdString());
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        // 2 bytes for the sign and because digits10 returns the floor
+        char buffer[std::numeric_limits<Type>::digits10 + 2];
+        auto result = std::to_chars(buffer, buffer + sizeof(buffer), number);
+        auto endOfConversionString = result.ptr;
+
+        append({buffer, endOfConversionString});
+    }
+
+    void pop_back() { --m_size; }
+
+    StaticString &operator+=(Utils::SmallStringView string) noexcept
+    {
+        append(string);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    StaticString &operator+=(char character) noexcept
+    {
+        append(character);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template<typename Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>>>
+    StaticString &operator+=(Type number) noexcept
+    {
+        append(number);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool isValid() const { return m_size <= Capacity; }
+
+    std::size_t size() const { return m_size; }
+
+    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const StaticString &text)
+    {
+        return out << std::string_view{text.data(), text.size()};
+    }
+
+    void clear() { m_size = 0; }
+
+private:
+    std::array<char, Capacity> m_data;
+    std::size_t m_size = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace NanotraceHR
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/qmljs/CMakeLists.txt
index 4ca15cf7cc..a4966a8b4a 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ add_qtc_library(QmlJS
     qmljsfindexportedcpptypes.cpp qmljsfindexportedcpptypes.h
     qmljsicons.cpp qmljsicons.h
     qmljsimportdependencies.cpp qmljsimportdependencies.h
-    qmljsindenter.cpp qmljsindenter.h
     qmljsinterpreter.cpp qmljsinterpreter.h
     qmljslineinfo.cpp qmljslineinfo.h
     qmljslink.cpp qmljslink.h
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/jsoncheck.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/jsoncheck.cpp
index 1d7c04e50c..3cb44111f9 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/jsoncheck.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/jsoncheck.cpp
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ JsonValue *JsonValue::build(const QVariant &variant, JsonMemoryPool *pool)
 {
     switch (variant.typeId()) {
 
-    case QVariant::List: {
+    case QMetaType::QVariantList: {
         auto newValue = new (pool) JsonArrayValue;
         const QList<QVariant> list = variant.toList();
         for (const QVariant &element : list)
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ JsonValue *JsonValue::build(const QVariant &variant, JsonMemoryPool *pool)
         return newValue;
     }
 
-    case QVariant::Map: {
+    case QMetaType::QVariantMap: {
         auto newValue = new (pool) JsonObjectValue;
         const QVariantMap variantMap = variant.toMap();
         for (QVariantMap::const_iterator it = variantMap.begin(); it != variantMap.end(); ++it)
@@ -463,19 +463,19 @@ JsonValue *JsonValue::build(const QVariant &variant, JsonMemoryPool *pool)
         return newValue;
     }
 
-    case QVariant::String:
+    case QMetaType::QString:
         return new (pool) JsonStringValue(variant.toString());
 
-    case QVariant::Int:
+    case QMetaType::Int:
         return new (pool) JsonIntValue(variant.toInt());
 
-    case QVariant::Double:
+    case QMetaType::Double:
         return new (pool) JsonDoubleValue(variant.toDouble());
 
-    case QVariant::Bool:
+    case QMetaType::Bool:
         return new (pool) JsonBooleanValue(variant.toBool());
 
-    case QVariant::Invalid:
+    case QMetaType::UnknownType:
         return new (pool) JsonNullValue;
 
     default:
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljs.qbs b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljs.qbs
index 18434c83ba..d5cc21faf1 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljs.qbs
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljs.qbs
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ QtcLibrary {
             "qmljsfindexportedcpptypes.cpp", "qmljsfindexportedcpptypes.h",
             "qmljsicons.cpp", "qmljsicons.h",
             "qmljsimportdependencies.cpp", "qmljsimportdependencies.h",
-            "qmljsindenter.cpp", "qmljsindenter.h",
             "qmljsinterpreter.cpp", "qmljsinterpreter.h",
             "qmljsdialect.cpp", "qmljsdialect.h",
             "qmljslineinfo.cpp", "qmljslineinfo.h",
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsbind.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsbind.cpp
index 6ccddcbe63..163680998f 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsbind.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsbind.cpp
@@ -333,6 +333,23 @@ bool Bind::visit(UiInlineComponent *ast)
     return true;
 }
 
+bool Bind::visit(UiEnumDeclaration *ast)
+{
+    if (_currentObjectValue) {
+        UiEnumValue *value = new UiEnumValue(ast, &_valueOwner, _currentObjectValue->originId());
+        _qmlObjects.insert(ast, value);
+        _currentObjectValue->setMember(ast->name, value);
+        // add enum value's keys as member to its parent object
+        for (auto it = ast->members; it; it = it->next) {
+            const QString name = it->member.toString();
+            _currentObjectValue->setMember(name, _valueOwner.intValue());
+            _currentObjectValue->setPropertyInfo(
+                        name, PropertyInfo(PropertyInfo::Readable | PropertyInfo::ValueType));
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool Bind::visit(AST::TemplateLiteral *ast)
 {
     Node::accept(ast->expression, this);
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsbind.h b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsbind.h
index 08a60c17cc..d7096abdb2 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsbind.h
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsbind.h
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ protected:
     bool visit(AST::UiScriptBinding *ast) override;
     bool visit(AST::UiArrayBinding *ast) override;
     bool visit(AST::UiInlineComponent *ast) override;
+    bool visit(AST::UiEnumDeclaration *ast) override;
 
     // QML/JS
     bool visit(AST::TemplateLiteral *ast) override;
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljscheck.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljscheck.cpp
index 7ceff0e78d..8cf85f11ed 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljscheck.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljscheck.cpp
@@ -846,6 +846,32 @@ bool Check::visit(UiObjectInitializer *)
     return true;
 }
 
+bool Check::visit(AST::UiEnumDeclaration *ast)
+{
+    const Value *localLookup = _scopeChain.lookup(ast->name.toString());
+    Utils::FilePath fp;
+    int line, column;
+    if (localLookup->getSourceLocation(&fp, &line, &column)) {
+        // if it's not "us" we get shadowed by another enum declaration
+        if (int(ast->identifierToken.startLine) != line || int(ast->identifierToken.startColumn) != column)
+            addMessage(ErrDuplicateId, SourceLocation(0, 0, line, column));
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Check::visit(AST::UiEnumMemberList *ast)
+{
+    QStringList names;
+    for (auto it = ast; it; it = it->next) {
+        if (!it->member.first().isUpper())
+            addMessage(ErrInvalidEnumValue, it->memberToken); // better a different message?
+        if (names.contains(it->member)) // duplicate enum value
+            addMessage(ErrInvalidEnumValue, it->memberToken); // better a different message?
+        names.append(it->member.toString());
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool Check::visit(AST::TemplateLiteral *ast)
 {
     Node::accept(ast->expression, this);
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljscheck.h b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljscheck.h
index 1fb96d251b..d7fc6cc425 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljscheck.h
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljscheck.h
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ protected:
     bool visit(AST::FunctionDeclaration *ast) override;
     bool visit(AST::FunctionExpression *ast) override;
     bool visit(AST::UiObjectInitializer *) override;
+    bool visit(AST::UiEnumDeclaration *ast) override;
+    bool visit(AST::UiEnumMemberList *ast) override;
 
     bool visit(AST::TemplateLiteral *ast) override;
     bool visit(AST::BinaryExpression *ast) override;
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsicons.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsicons.cpp
index 0086843553..a0522ca726 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsicons.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsicons.cpp
@@ -120,3 +120,8 @@ QIcon Icons::functionDeclarationIcon()
 {
     return Utils::CodeModelIcon::iconForType(Utils::CodeModelIcon::FuncPublic);
 }
+
+QIcon Icons::enumMemberIcon()
+{
+    return Utils::CodeModelIcon::iconForType(Utils::CodeModelIcon::Enum);
+}
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsicons.h b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsicons.h
index 4466d07a18..1565ae5355 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsicons.h
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsicons.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public:
     static QIcon scriptBindingIcon();
     static QIcon publicMemberIcon();
     static QIcon functionDeclarationIcon();
+    static QIcon enumMemberIcon();
 
 private:
     Icons();
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsimportdependencies.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsimportdependencies.cpp
index f1c4181a83..8e725fa521 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsimportdependencies.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsimportdependencies.cpp
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ ImportKey::ImportKey(ImportType::Enum type, const QString &path, int majorVersio
 
 void ImportKey::addToHash(QCryptographicHash &hash) const
 {
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&type), sizeof(type));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&majorVersion), sizeof(majorVersion));
-    hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&minorVersion), sizeof(minorVersion));
+    hash.addData(QByteArrayView(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&type), sizeof(type)));
+    hash.addData(QByteArrayView(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&majorVersion), sizeof(majorVersion)));
+    hash.addData(QByteArrayView(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&minorVersion), sizeof(minorVersion)));
     for (const QString &s : splitPath) {
-        hash.addData("/", 1);
-        hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(s.constData()), sizeof(QChar) * s.size());
+        hash.addData("/");
+        hash.addData(QByteArrayView(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(s.constData()), sizeof(QChar) * s.size()));
     }
-    hash.addData("/", 1);
+    hash.addData("/");
 }
 
 ImportKey ImportKey::flatKey() const {
@@ -547,11 +547,11 @@ QByteArray DependencyInfo::calculateFingerprint(const ImportDependencies &deps)
     QStringList coreImports = Utils::toList(allCoreImports);
     coreImports.sort();
     for (const QString &importId : std::as_const(coreImports)) {
-        hash.addData(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(importId.constData()), importId.size() * sizeof(QChar));
+        hash.addData(QByteArrayView(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(importId.constData()), importId.size() * sizeof(QChar)));
         QByteArray coreImportFingerprint = deps.coreImport(importId).fingerprint;
         hash.addData(coreImportFingerprint);
     }
-    hash.addData("/", 1);
+    hash.addData("/");
     QList<ImportKey> imports = Utils::toList(allImports);
     std::sort(imports.begin(), imports.end());
     for (const ImportKey &k : std::as_const(imports))
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsindenter.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsindenter.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8055847d90..0000000000
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsindenter.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,603 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
-
-/*
-    This file is a self-contained interactive indenter for Qt Script.
-
-    The general problem of indenting a program is ill posed. On
-    the one hand, an indenter has to analyze programs written in a
-    free-form formal language that is best described in terms of
-    tokens, not characters, not lines. On the other hand, indentation
-    applies to lines and white space characters matter, and otherwise
-    the programs to indent are formally invalid in general, as they
-    are begin edited.
-
-    The approach taken here works line by line. We receive a program
-    consisting of N lines or more, and we want to compute the
-    indentation appropriate for the Nth line. Lines beyond the Nth
-    lines are of no concern to us, so for simplicity we pretend the
-    program has exactly N lines and we call the Nth line the "bottom
-    line". Typically, we have to indent the bottom line when it's
-    still empty, so we concentrate our analysis on the N - 1 lines
-    that precede.
-
-    By inspecting the (N - 1)-th line, the (N - 2)-th line, ...
-    backwards, we determine the kind of the bottom line and indent it
-    accordingly.
-
-      * The bottom line is a comment line. See
-        bottomLineStartsInCComment() and
-        indentWhenBottomLineStartsInCComment().
-      * The bottom line is a continuation line. See isContinuationLine()
-        and indentForContinuationLine().
-      * The bottom line is a standalone line. See
-        indentForStandaloneLine().
-
-    Certain tokens that influence the indentation, notably braces,
-    are looked for in the lines. This is done by simple string
-    comparison, without a real tokenizer. Confusing constructs such
-    as comments and string literals are removed beforehand.
-*/
-
-#include <qmljs/qmljsindenter.h>
-#include <qmljs/qmljsscanner.h>
-
-#include <QTextBlock>
-
-using namespace QmlJS;
-
-/*
-    Saves and restores the state of the global linizer. This enables
-    backtracking.
-
-    Identical to the defines in qmljslineinfo.cpp
-*/
-#define YY_SAVE() LinizerState savedState = yyLinizerState
-#define YY_RESTORE() yyLinizerState = savedState
-
-
-QmlJSIndenter::QmlJSIndenter()
-    : caseOrDefault(QRegularExpression(QLatin1String(
-            "^\\s*(?:"
-            "case\\b[^:]+|"
-            "default)"
-            "\\s*:.*$")))
-
-{
-
-    /*
-        The indenter supports a few parameters:
-
-          * ppHardwareTabSize is the size of a '\t' in your favorite editor.
-          * ppIndentSize is the size of an indentation, or software tab
-            size.
-          * ppContinuationIndentSize is the extra indent for a continuation
-            line, when there is nothing to align against on the previous
-            line.
-          * ppCommentOffset is the indentation within a C-style comment,
-            when it cannot be picked up.
-    */
-
-    ppHardwareTabSize = 8;
-    ppIndentSize = 4;
-    ppContinuationIndentSize = 8;
-    ppCommentOffset = 2;
-}
-
-QmlJSIndenter::~QmlJSIndenter()
-{
-}
-
-void QmlJSIndenter::setTabSize(int size)
-{
-    ppHardwareTabSize = size;
-}
-
-void QmlJSIndenter::setIndentSize(int size)
-{
-    ppIndentSize = size;
-    ppContinuationIndentSize = 2 * size;
-}
-
-/*
-    Returns true if string t is made only of white space; otherwise
-    returns false.
-*/
-bool QmlJSIndenter::isOnlyWhiteSpace(const QString &t) const
-{
-    return firstNonWhiteSpace(t).isNull();
-}
-
-/*
-    Assuming string t is a line, returns the column number of a given
-    index. Column numbers and index are identical for strings that don't
-    contain '\t's.
-*/
-int QmlJSIndenter::columnForIndex(const QString &t, int index) const
-{
-    int col = 0;
-    if (index > t.length())
-        index = t.length();
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
-        if (t.at(i) == QLatin1Char('\t'))
-            col = ((col / ppHardwareTabSize) + 1) * ppHardwareTabSize;
-        else
-            col++;
-    }
-    return col;
-}
-
-/*
-    Returns the indentation size of string t.
-*/
-int QmlJSIndenter::indentOfLine(const QString &t) const
-{
-    return columnForIndex(t, t.indexOf(firstNonWhiteSpace(t)));
-}
-
-/*
-    Replaces t[k] by ch, unless t[k] is '\t'. Tab characters are better
-    left alone since they break the "index equals column" rule. No
-    provisions are taken against '\n' or '\r', which shouldn't occur in
-    t anyway.
-*/
-void QmlJSIndenter::eraseChar(QString &t, int k, QChar ch) const
-{
-    if (t.at(k) != QLatin1Char('\t'))
-        t[k] = ch;
-}
-
-/*
-    Returns '(' if the last parenthesis is opening, ')' if it is
-    closing, and QChar() if there are no parentheses in t.
-*/
-QChar QmlJSIndenter::lastParen() const
-{
-    for (int index = yyLinizerState.tokens.size() - 1; index != -1; --index) {
-        const Token &token = yyLinizerState.tokens.at(index);
-
-        if (token.is(Token::LeftParenthesis))
-            return QLatin1Char('(');
-
-        else if (token.is(Token::RightParenthesis))
-            return QLatin1Char(')');
-    }
-
-    return QChar();
-}
-
-/*
-    Returns true if typedIn the same as okayCh or is null; otherwise
-    returns false.
-*/
-bool QmlJSIndenter::okay(QChar typedIn, QChar okayCh) const
-{
-    return typedIn == QChar() || typedIn == okayCh;
-}
-
-/*
-    Returns the recommended indent for the bottom line of yyProgram
-    assuming that it starts in a C-style comment, a condition that is
-    tested elsewhere.
-
-    Essentially, we're trying to align against some text on the
-    previous line.
-*/
-int QmlJSIndenter::indentWhenBottomLineStartsInMultiLineComment()
-{
-    QTextBlock block = yyProgram.lastBlock().previous();
-    QString blockText;
-
-    for (; block.isValid(); block = block.previous()) {
-        blockText = block.text();
-
-        if (! isOnlyWhiteSpace(blockText))
-            break;
-    }
-
-    return indentOfLine(blockText);
-}
-
-/*
-    Returns the recommended indent for the bottom line of yyProgram,
-    assuming it's a continuation line.
-
-    We're trying to align the continuation line against some parenthesis
-    or other bracked left opened on a previous line, or some interesting
-    operator such as '='.
-*/
-int QmlJSIndenter::indentForContinuationLine()
-{
-    int braceDepth = 0;
-    int delimDepth = 0;
-
-    bool leftBraceFollowed = *yyLeftBraceFollows;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < SmallRoof; i++) {
-        int hook = -1;
-
-        int j = yyLine->length();
-        while (j > 0 && hook < 0) {
-            j--;
-            QChar ch = yyLine->at(j);
-
-            switch (ch.unicode()) {
-            case ')':
-                delimDepth++;
-                break;
-            case ']':
-                braceDepth++;
-                break;
-            case '}':
-                braceDepth++;
-                break;
-            case '(':
-                delimDepth--;
-                /*
-                    An unclosed delimiter is a good place to align at,
-                    at least for some styles (including Qt's).
-                */
-                if (delimDepth == -1)
-                    hook = j;
-                break;
-
-            case '[':
-                braceDepth--;
-                /*
-                    An unclosed delimiter is a good place to align at,
-                    at least for some styles (including Qt's).
-                */
-                if (braceDepth == -1)
-                    hook = j;
-                break;
-            case '{':
-                braceDepth--;
-                /*
-                    A left brace followed by other stuff on the same
-                    line is typically for an enum or an initializer.
-                    Such a brace must be treated just like the other
-                    delimiters.
-                */
-                if (braceDepth == -1) {
-                    if (j < yyLine->length() - 1)
-                        hook = j;
-                    else
-                        return 0; // shouldn't happen
-                }
-                break;
-            case '=':
-                /*
-                    An equal sign is a very natural alignment hook
-                    because it's usually the operator with the lowest
-                    precedence in statements it appears in. Case in
-                    point:
-
-                        int x = 1 +
-                                2;
-
-                    However, we have to beware of constructs such as
-                    default arguments and explicit enum constant
-                    values:
-
-                        void foo(int x = 0,
-                                  int y = 0);
-
-                    And not
-
-                        void foo(int x = 0,
-                                        int y = 0);
-
-                    These constructs are caracterized by a ',' at the
-                    end of the unfinished lines or by unbalanced
-                    parentheses.
-                */
-                Q_ASSERT(j - 1 >= 0);
-
-                if (QString::fromLatin1("!=<>").indexOf(yyLine->at(j - 1)) == -1 &&
-                     j + 1 < yyLine->length() && yyLine->at(j + 1) != QLatin1Char('=')) {
-                    if (braceDepth == 0 && delimDepth == 0 &&
-                         j < yyLine->length() - 1 &&
-                         !yyLine->endsWith(QLatin1Char(',')) &&
-                         (yyLine->contains(QLatin1Char('(')) == yyLine->contains(QLatin1Char(')'))))
-                        hook = j;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (hook >= 0) {
-            /*
-                Yes, we have a delimiter or an operator to align
-                against! We don't really align against it, but rather
-                against the following token, if any. In this example,
-                the following token is "11":
-
-                    int x = (11 +
-                              2);
-
-                If there is no such token, we use a continuation indent:
-
-                    static QRegExp foo(QString(
-                            "foo foo foo foo foo foo foo foo foo"));
-            */
-            hook++;
-            while (hook < yyLine->length()) {
-                if (!yyLine->at(hook).isSpace())
-                    return columnForIndex(*yyLine, hook);
-                hook++;
-            }
-            return indentOfLine(*yyLine) + ppContinuationIndentSize;
-        }
-
-        if (braceDepth != 0)
-            break;
-
-        /*
-            The line's delimiters are balanced. It looks like a
-            continuation line or something.
-        */
-        if (delimDepth == 0) {
-            if (leftBraceFollowed) {
-                /*
-                    We have
-
-                        int main()
-                        {
-
-                    or
-
-                        Bar::Bar()
-                            : Foo(x)
-                        {
-
-                    The "{" should be flush left.
-                */
-                if (!isContinuationLine())
-                    return indentOfLine(*yyLine);
-            } else if (isContinuationLine() || yyLine->endsWith(QLatin1Char(','))) {
-                /*
-                    We have
-
-                        x = a +
-                            b +
-                            c;
-
-                    or
-
-                        int t[] = {
-                            1, 2, 3,
-                            4, 5, 6
-
-                    The "c;" should fall right under the "b +", and the
-                    "4, 5, 6" right under the "1, 2, 3,".
-                */
-                return indentOfLine(*yyLine);
-            } else {
-                /*
-                    We have
-
-                        stream << 1 +
-                                2;
-
-                    We could, but we don't, try to analyze which
-                    operator has precedence over which and so on, to
-                    obtain the excellent result
-
-                        stream << 1 +
-                                  2;
-
-                    We do have a special trick above for the assignment
-                    operator above, though.
-                */
-                return indentOfLine(*yyLine) + ppContinuationIndentSize;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!readLine())
-            break;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-    Returns the recommended indent for the bottom line of yyProgram if
-    that line is standalone (or should be indented likewise).
-
-    Indenting a standalone line is tricky, mostly because of braceless
-    control statements. Grossly, we are looking backwards for a special
-    line, a "hook line", that we can use as a starting point to indent,
-    and then modify the indentation level according to the braces met
-    along the way to that hook.
-
-    Let's consider a few examples. In all cases, we want to indent the
-    bottom line.
-
-    Example 1:
-
-        x = 1;
-        y = 2;
-
-    The hook line is "x = 1;". We met 0 opening braces and 0 closing
-    braces. Therefore, "y = 2;" inherits the indent of "x = 1;".
-
-    Example 2:
-
-        if (x) {
-            y;
-
-    The hook line is "if (x) {". No matter what precedes it, "y;" has
-    to be indented one level deeper than the hook line, since we met one
-    opening brace along the way.
-
-    Example 3:
-
-        if (a)
-            while (b) {
-                c;
-            }
-        d;
-
-    To indent "d;" correctly, we have to go as far as the "if (a)".
-    Compare with
-
-        if (a) {
-            while (b) {
-                c;
-            }
-            d;
-
-    Still, we're striving to go back as little as possible to
-    accommodate people with irregular indentation schemes. A hook line
-    near at hand is much more reliable than a remote one.
-*/
-int QmlJSIndenter::indentForStandaloneLine()
-{
-    for (int i = 0; i < SmallRoof; i++) {
-        if (!*yyLeftBraceFollows) {
-            YY_SAVE();
-
-            if (matchBracelessControlStatement()) {
-                /*
-                    The situation is this, and we want to indent "z;":
-
-                        if (x &&
-                             y)
-                            z;
-
-                    yyLine is "if (x &&".
-                */
-                return indentOfLine(*yyLine) + ppIndentSize;
-            }
-            YY_RESTORE();
-        }
-
-        if (yyLine->endsWith(QLatin1Char(';')) || yyLine->contains(QLatin1Char('{'))) {
-            /*
-                The situation is possibly this, and we want to indent
-                "z;":
-
-                    while (x)
-                        y;
-                    z;
-
-                We return the indent of "while (x)". In place of "y;",
-                any arbitrarily complex compound statement can appear.
-            */
-
-            if (*yyBraceDepth > 0) {
-                do {
-                    if (!readLine())
-                        break;
-                } while (*yyBraceDepth > 0);
-            }
-
-            LinizerState hookState;
-
-            while (isContinuationLine())
-                readLine();
-            hookState = yyLinizerState;
-
-            readLine();
-            if (*yyBraceDepth <= 0) {
-                do {
-                    if (!matchBracelessControlStatement())
-                        break;
-                    hookState = yyLinizerState;
-                } while (readLine());
-            }
-
-            yyLinizerState = hookState;
-
-            while (isContinuationLine())
-                readLine();
-
-            int indentChange = - *yyBraceDepth;
-            if (caseOrDefault.match(*yyLine).hasMatch())
-                ++indentChange;
-
-            /*
-              Never trust lines containing only '{' or '}', as some
-              people (Richard M. Stallman) format them weirdly.
-            */
-            if (yyLine->trimmed().length() > 1)
-                return indentOfLine(*yyLine) + indentChange * ppIndentSize;
-        }
-
-        if (!readLine())
-            return -*yyBraceDepth * ppIndentSize;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-    Returns the recommended indent for the bottom line of program.
-    Unless null, typedIn stores the character of yyProgram that
-    triggered reindentation.
-
-    This function works better if typedIn is set properly; it is
-    slightly more conservative if typedIn is completely wild, and
-    slighly more liberal if typedIn is always null. The user might be
-    annoyed by the liberal behavior.
-*/
-int QmlJSIndenter::indentForBottomLine(QTextBlock begin, QTextBlock end, QChar typedIn)
-{
-    if (begin == end)
-        return 0;
-
-    const QTextBlock last = end.previous();
-
-    initialize(begin, last);
-
-    QString bottomLine = last.text();
-    QChar firstCh = firstNonWhiteSpace(bottomLine);
-    int indent = 0;
-
-    if (bottomLineStartsInMultilineComment()) {
-        /*
-            The bottom line starts in a C-style comment. Indent it
-            smartly, unless the user has already played around with it,
-            in which case it's better to leave her stuff alone.
-        */
-        if (isOnlyWhiteSpace(bottomLine))
-            indent = indentWhenBottomLineStartsInMultiLineComment();
-        else
-            indent = indentOfLine(bottomLine);
-    } else {
-        if (isUnfinishedLine())
-            indent = indentForContinuationLine();
-        else
-            indent = indentForStandaloneLine();
-
-        if ((okay(typedIn, QLatin1Char('}')) && firstCh == QLatin1Char('}'))
-            || (okay(typedIn, QLatin1Char(']')) && firstCh == QLatin1Char(']'))) {
-            /*
-                A closing brace is one level more to the left than the
-                code it follows.
-            */
-            indent -= ppIndentSize;
-        } else if (okay(typedIn, QLatin1Char(':'))) {
-            if (caseOrDefault.match(bottomLine).hasMatch()) {
-                /*
-                    Move a case label (or the ':' in front of a
-                    constructor initialization list) one level to the
-                    left, but only if the user did not play around with
-                    it yet. Some users have exotic tastes in the
-                    matter, and most users probably are not patient
-                    enough to wait for the final ':' to format their
-                    code properly.
-
-                    We don't attempt the same for goto labels, as the
-                    user is probably the middle of "foo::bar". (Who
-                    uses goto, anyway?)
-                */
-                if (indentOfLine(bottomLine) <= indent)
-                    indent -= ppIndentSize;
-                else
-                    indent = indentOfLine(bottomLine);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return qMax(0, indent);
-}
-
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsindenter.h b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsindenter.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 55141c1b3b..0000000000
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsindenter.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <qmljs/qmljs_global.h>
-#include <qmljs/qmljslineinfo.h>
-
-#include <QRegularExpression>
-
-QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QTextBlock)
-
-namespace QmlJS {
-
-class QMLJS_EXPORT QmlJSIndenter : public LineInfo
-{
-    Q_DISABLE_COPY(QmlJSIndenter)
-
-public:
-    QmlJSIndenter();
-    ~QmlJSIndenter();
-
-    void setTabSize(int size);
-    void setIndentSize(int size);
-
-    int indentForBottomLine(QTextBlock firstBlock, QTextBlock lastBlock, QChar typedIn);
-
-private:
-    bool isOnlyWhiteSpace(const QString &t) const;
-    int columnForIndex(const QString &t, int index) const;
-    int indentOfLine(const QString &t) const;
-
-    void eraseChar(QString &t, int k, QChar ch) const;
-    QChar lastParen() const;
-    bool okay(QChar typedIn, QChar okayCh) const;
-
-    int indentWhenBottomLineStartsInMultiLineComment();
-    int indentForContinuationLine();
-    int indentForStandaloneLine();
-
-private:
-    int ppHardwareTabSize;
-    int ppIndentSize;
-    int ppContinuationIndentSize;
-    int ppCommentOffset;
-
-private:
-    QRegularExpression caseOrDefault;
-};
-
-} // namespace QmlJS
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsinterpreter.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsinterpreter.cpp
index 5d687d5cd7..09bc6aecdb 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsinterpreter.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsinterpreter.cpp
@@ -635,6 +635,52 @@ const CppComponentValue *QmlEnumValue::owner() const
     return m_owner;
 }
 
+UiEnumValue::UiEnumValue(AST::UiEnumDeclaration *ast,
+                         ValueOwner *valueOwner, const QString &originId)
+    : ObjectValue(valueOwner, originId)
+    , m_name(ast->name.toString())
+{
+    setClassName("enum");
+    m_path = Utils::FilePath::fromUserInput(originId);
+    m_line = ast->identifierToken.startLine;
+    m_column = ast->identifierToken.startColumn;
+
+    for (auto it = ast->members; it; it = it->next) {
+        const QString name = it->member.toString();
+        setMember(name, valueOwner->intValue());
+        setPropertyInfo(name, PropertyInfo(PropertyInfo::Readable|PropertyInfo::ValueType));
+        m_keys.append(name);
+        m_values.append(it->value);
+    }
+}
+
+UiEnumValue::~UiEnumValue()
+{
+}
+
+const UiEnumValue *UiEnumValue::asUiEnumValue() const
+{
+    return this;
+}
+
+bool UiEnumValue::getSourceLocation(Utils::FilePath *path, int *line, int *column) const
+{
+    *path = m_path;
+    *line = m_line;
+    *column = m_column;
+    return true;
+}
+
+QString UiEnumValue::name() const
+{
+    return m_name;
+}
+
+QStringList UiEnumValue::keys() const
+{
+    return m_keys;
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // ValueVisitor
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -791,6 +837,11 @@ const QmlEnumValue *Value::asQmlEnumValue() const
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+const UiEnumValue *Value::asUiEnumValue() const
+{
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
 const QmlPrototypeReference *Value::asQmlPrototypeReference() const
 {
     return nullptr;
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsinterpreter.h b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsinterpreter.h
index 8651196aef..aeb3c9e438 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsinterpreter.h
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsinterpreter.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ class NumberValue;
 class ModuleApiInfo;
 class ObjectValue;
 class QmlEnumValue;
+class UiEnumValue;
 class QmlPrototypeReference;
 class RealValue;
 class Reference;
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ public:
     virtual const CppComponentValue *asCppComponentValue() const;
     virtual const ASTObjectValue *asAstObjectValue() const;
     virtual const QmlEnumValue *asQmlEnumValue() const;
+    virtual const UiEnumValue *asUiEnumValue() const;
     virtual const QmlPrototypeReference *asQmlPrototypeReference() const;
     virtual const ASTPropertyReference *asAstPropertyReference() const;
     virtual const ASTVariableReference *asAstVariableReference() const;
@@ -246,6 +248,12 @@ template <> Q_INLINE_TEMPLATE const QmlEnumValue *value_cast(const Value *v)
     else   return nullptr;
 }
 
+template <> Q_INLINE_TEMPLATE const UiEnumValue *value_cast(const Value *v)
+{
+    if (v) return v->asUiEnumValue();
+    else   return nullptr;
+}
+
 template <> Q_INLINE_TEMPLATE const QmlPrototypeReference *value_cast(const Value *v)
 {
     if (v) return v->asQmlPrototypeReference();
@@ -559,6 +567,27 @@ private:
     int m_enumIndex;
 };
 
+class QMLJS_EXPORT UiEnumValue : public ObjectValue
+{
+public:
+    UiEnumValue(AST::UiEnumDeclaration *uiEnum, ValueOwner *valueOwner,
+                const QString &originId);
+    ~UiEnumValue();
+
+    const UiEnumValue *asUiEnumValue() const override;
+    bool getSourceLocation(Utils::FilePath *path, int *line, int *column) const override;
+    QString name() const;
+    QStringList keys() const;
+
+private:
+    const QString m_name;
+    Utils::FilePath m_path;
+    int m_line;
+    int m_column;
+    QStringList m_keys;
+    QList<int> m_values;
+};
+
 
 // A ObjectValue based on a FakeMetaObject.
 // May only have other CppComponentValue as ancestors.
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsplugindumper.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsplugindumper.cpp
index 36f2cd802d..653fa8a701 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsplugindumper.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsplugindumper.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include <utils/filesystemwatcher.h>
 #include <utils/fileutils.h>
 #include <utils/hostosinfo.h>
-#include <utils/process.h>
+#include <utils/qtcprocess.h>
 
 #include <QDir>
 #include <QDirIterator>
diff --git a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsstaticanalysismessage.cpp b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsstaticanalysismessage.cpp
index 5b15e69428..a58bf43765 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsstaticanalysismessage.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmljs/qmljsstaticanalysismessage.cpp
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ StaticAnalysisMessages::StaticAnalysisMessages()
            Tr::tr("Invalid property type \"%1\"."), 1);
     newMsg(WarnEqualityTypeCoercion, Error,
            Tr::tr("== and != perform type coercion, use === or !== to avoid it."));
-    newMsg(WarnExpectedNewWithUppercaseFunction, Error,
+    newMsg(WarnExpectedNewWithUppercaseFunction, Warning,
            Tr::tr("Calls of functions that start with an uppercase letter should use 'new'."));
     newMsg(WarnNewWithLowercaseFunction, Error,
            Tr::tr("Use 'new' only with functions that start with an uppercase letter."));
@@ -189,8 +189,9 @@ StaticAnalysisMessages::StaticAnalysisMessages()
            Tr::tr("Maximum string value length is %1."), 1);
     newMsg(ErrInvalidArrayValueLength, Error,
            Tr::tr("%1 elements expected in array value."), 1);
-    newMsg(WarnImperativeCodeNotEditableInVisualDesigner, Warning,
-           Tr::tr("Imperative code is not supported in Qt Design Studio."));
+    newMsg(WarnImperativeCodeNotEditableInVisualDesigner,
+           Warning,
+           Tr::tr("JavaScript can break the visual tooling in Qt Design Studio."));
     newMsg(WarnUnsupportedTypeInVisualDesigner, Warning,
            Tr::tr("This type (%1) is not supported in Qt Design Studio."), 1);
     newMsg(WarnReferenceToParentItemNotSupportedByVisualDesigner, Warning,
diff --git a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/commands/puppettocreatorcommand.h b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/commands/puppettocreatorcommand.h
index 1e8d82e632..b0012f3eb2 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/commands/puppettocreatorcommand.h
+++ b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/commands/puppettocreatorcommand.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ public:
         ActiveSceneChanged,
         ActiveSplitChanged,
         RenderModelNodePreviewImage,
+        Import3DPreviewImage,
         Import3DSupport,
         NodeAtPos,
         BakeLightsProgress,
diff --git a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/commands/view3dactioncommand.cpp b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/commands/view3dactioncommand.cpp
index eac0961393..a522499ffa 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/commands/view3dactioncommand.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/commands/view3dactioncommand.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #include "view3dactioncommand.h"
 
+#include <utils/utility.h>
+
 #include <QDebug>
 #include <QDataStream>
 
@@ -64,16 +66,9 @@ QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, const View3DActionCommand &command)
                            << command.m_value << ")\n";
 }
 
-template<typename Enumeration>
-constexpr std::underlying_type_t<Enumeration> to_underlying(Enumeration enumeration) noexcept
-{
-    static_assert(std::is_enum_v<Enumeration>, "to_underlying expect an enumeration");
-    return static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Enumeration>>(enumeration);
-}
-
 QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, View3DActionType type)
 {
-    return debug.nospace() << to_underlying(type);
+    return debug.nospace() << Utils::to_underlying(type);
 }
 
 } // namespace QmlDesigner
diff --git a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/container/imagecontainer.cpp b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/container/imagecontainer.cpp
index 545d4d927d..7747a9d118 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/container/imagecontainer.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/container/imagecontainer.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #define QTC_ASSERT_STRING(cond) qDebug("SOFT ASSERT: \"" cond"\" in file " __FILE__ ", line " QTC_ASSERT_STRINGIFY(__LINE__))
 #define QTC_ASSERT(cond, action) if (cond) {} else { QTC_ASSERT_STRING(#cond); action; } do {} while (0)
 
-static Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(imageContainerDebug, "qtc.imagecontainer.debug", QtDebugMsg)
+static Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(imageContainerDebug, "qtc.imagecontainer")
 
 namespace QmlDesigner {
 
@@ -194,9 +194,10 @@ static void readSharedMemory(qint32 key, ImageContainer &container)
         QImage image = QImage(imageWidth, imageHeight, QImage::Format(imageFormat));
         image.setDevicePixelRatio(pixelRatio);
 
-        if (image.isNull())
-            qCInfo(imageContainerDebug()) << Q_FUNC_INFO << "Not able to create image:" << imageWidth << imageHeight << imageFormat;
-        else
+        if (image.isNull()) {
+            if (imageWidth || imageHeight || imageFormat)
+                qCWarning(imageContainerDebug) << Q_FUNC_INFO << "Not able to create image:" << imageWidth << imageHeight << imageFormat;
+        } else
             std::memcpy(image.bits(), reinterpret_cast<const qint32*>(sharedMemory.constData()) + 6, byteCount);
 
         container.setImage(image);
diff --git a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/interfaces/nodeinstanceglobal.h b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/interfaces/nodeinstanceglobal.h
index d5a715f1d8..d248e5e6fd 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/interfaces/nodeinstanceglobal.h
+++ b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/interfaces/nodeinstanceglobal.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ enum class View3DActionType {
     OrientationToggle,
     EditLightToggle,
     ShowGrid,
+    ShowLookAt,
     ShowSelectionBox,
     ShowIconGizmo,
     ShowCameraFrustum,
@@ -46,10 +47,18 @@ enum class View3DActionType {
     ParticlesSeek,
     SyncEnvBackground,
     GetNodeAtPos,
+    GetNodeAtMainScenePos,
     SetBakeLightsView3D,
     SplitViewToggle,
     MaterialOverride,
-    ShowWireframe
+    ShowWireframe,
+    FlyModeToggle,
+    EditCameraRotation,
+    EditCameraMove,
+    EditCameraStopAllMoves,
+    SetLastSceneEnvData,
+    Import3dUpdatePreviewImage,
+    Import3dRotatePreviewModel
 };
 
 constexpr bool isNanotraceEnabled()
diff --git a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/types/enumeration.h b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/types/enumeration.h
index 57bfe6c0ef..5fe2294621 100644
--- a/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/types/enumeration.h
+++ b/src/libs/qmlpuppetcommunication/types/enumeration.h
@@ -43,17 +43,20 @@ public:
 
     EnumerationNameView scope() const
     {
-        auto found = std::find(m_enumerationName.begin(), m_enumerationName.end(), '.');
-        return {m_enumerationName.begin(), found};
+        auto found = std::find(m_enumerationName.rbegin(), m_enumerationName.rend(), '.');
+        if (found != m_enumerationName.rend())
+            return {m_enumerationName.begin(), std::prev(found.base())};
+
+        return {m_enumerationName.end(), m_enumerationName.end()};
     }
 
     EnumerationNameView toScope() const { return scope().toByteArray(); }
 
     EnumerationNameView name() const
     {
-        auto found = std::find(m_enumerationName.begin(), m_enumerationName.end(), '.');
-        if (found != m_enumerationName.end())
-            return {std::next(found), m_enumerationName.end()};
+        auto found = std::find(m_enumerationName.rbegin(), m_enumerationName.rend(), '.');
+        if (found != m_enumerationName.rend())
+            return {found.base(), m_enumerationName.end()};
 
         return {m_enumerationName.end(), m_enumerationName.end()};
     }
diff --git a/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/CMakeLists.txt
index 4359d79d54..47eca2cd16 100644
--- a/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../cmake")
 
 project(qtcreatorcdbext)
 
-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
 
diff --git a/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/pytype.cpp b/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/pytype.cpp
index 9345c1d91a..479895bbcd 100644
--- a/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/pytype.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/pytype.cpp
@@ -49,10 +49,24 @@ static bool isType(const std::string &typeName, const std::vector<std::string> &
 
 static bool isIntegralType(const std::string &typeName)
 {
-    static const std::vector<std::string> integralTypes({"bool",
-            "char", "unsigned char", "char16_t", "char32_t", "wchar_t",
-            "short", "unsigned short", "int", "unsigned int",
-            "long", "unsigned long", "int64", "unsigned int64", "__int64", "unsigned __int64"});
+    static const std::vector<std::string> integralTypes(
+                {"bool",
+                 "char",
+                 "unsigned char",
+                 "char16_t",
+                 "char32_t",
+                 "wchar_t",
+                 "short",
+                 "unsigned short",
+                 "int",
+                 "unsigned int",
+                 "long",
+                 "unsigned long",
+                 "int64",
+                 "unsigned int64",
+                 "__int64",
+                 "unsigned __int64",
+                 "HRESULT"});
     return isType(typeName, integralTypes);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/pyvalue.cpp b/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/pyvalue.cpp
index f3813abf85..671f4d5350 100644
--- a/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/pyvalue.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/qtcreatorcdbext/pyvalue.cpp
@@ -13,8 +13,23 @@ constexpr bool debuggingValueEnabled() { return debugPyValue || debugPyCdbextMod
 
 static std::map<CIDebugSymbolGroup *, std::list<PyValue *>> valuesForSymbolGroup;
 
+void dumpSymbolGroup(CIDebugSymbolGroup *symbolGroup)
+{
+    if (!debuggingValueEnabled())
+        return;
+
+    ULONG count;
+    if (FAILED(symbolGroup->GetNumberSymbols(&count)))
+        return;
+    DebugPrint() << "Symbol group " << symbolGroup << " has " << count << " symbols";
+    for (ULONG i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+        DebugPrint() << "  " << i << ": " << PyValue(i, symbolGroup).name();
+}
+
 void PyValue::indicesMoved(CIDebugSymbolGroup *symbolGroup, ULONG start, ULONG delta)
 {
+    if (debuggingValueEnabled())
+        DebugPrint() << "PyValue::indicesMoved " << symbolGroup << " start " << start << " delta " << delta << "\n";
     if (delta == 0)
         return;
     ULONG count;
@@ -26,6 +41,7 @@ void PyValue::indicesMoved(CIDebugSymbolGroup *symbolGroup, ULONG start, ULONG d
         if (val->m_index >= start && val->m_index + delta < count)
             val->m_index += delta;
     }
+    dumpSymbolGroup(symbolGroup);
 }
 
 PyValue::PyValue(unsigned long index, CIDebugSymbolGroup *symbolGroup)
@@ -146,6 +162,7 @@ bool PyValue::expand()
         return false;
     if (params.Flags & DEBUG_SYMBOL_EXPANDED)
         return true;
+    dumpSymbolGroup(m_symbolGroup);
     if (FAILED(m_symbolGroup->ExpandSymbol(m_index, TRUE)))
         return false;
     if (FAILED(m_symbolGroup->GetSymbolParameters(m_index, 1, &params)))
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/spinner/spinner.cpp b/src/libs/solutions/spinner/spinner.cpp
index b56684720b..479467ae58 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/spinner/spinner.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/spinner/spinner.cpp
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ public:
 
     void setUpdateCallback(const UpdateCallback &cb) { m_callback = cb; }
 
+    void setColor(const QColor &color);
+
     QSize size() const { return m_pixmap.size() / m_pixmap.devicePixelRatio(); }
     void paint(QPainter &painter, const QRect &rect) const;
     void startAnimation() { m_timer.start(); }
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@ private:
     QTimer m_timer;
     mutable QPixmap m_pixmap;
     UpdateCallback m_callback;
+    QColor m_color;
 };
 
 static QString imageFileNameForSpinnerSize(SpinnerSize size)
@@ -102,12 +105,12 @@ static QString imageFileNameForSpinnerSize(SpinnerSize size)
     return {};
 }
 
-static QPixmap themedPixmapForSpinnerSize(SpinnerSize size, qreal dpr)
+static QPixmap themedPixmapForSpinnerSize(SpinnerSize size, const QColor &color, qreal dpr)
 {
     QImage mask(qt_findAtNxFile(imageFileNameForSpinnerSize(size), dpr));
     mask.invertPixels();
     QImage themedImage(mask.size(), QImage::Format_ARGB32);
-    themedImage.fill(qApp->palette().text().color());
+    themedImage.fill(color);
     themedImage.setAlphaChannel(mask);
     QPixmap themedPixmap = QPixmap::fromImage(themedImage);
     themedPixmap.setDevicePixelRatio(mask.devicePixelRatio());
@@ -115,6 +118,7 @@ static QPixmap themedPixmapForSpinnerSize(SpinnerSize size, qreal dpr)
 }
 
 SpinnerPainter::SpinnerPainter(SpinnerSize size)
+    : m_color(qApp->palette().text().color())
 {
     m_timer.setSingleShot(false);
     QObject::connect(&m_timer, &QTimer::timeout, &m_timer, [this] {
@@ -130,14 +134,20 @@ void SpinnerPainter::setSize(SpinnerSize size)
     m_size = size;
     m_rotationStep = size == SpinnerSize::Small ? 45 : 30;
     m_timer.setInterval(size == SpinnerSize::Small ? 100 : 80);
-    m_pixmap = themedPixmapForSpinnerSize(size, qApp->devicePixelRatio());
+    m_pixmap = themedPixmapForSpinnerSize(size, m_color, qApp->devicePixelRatio());
+}
+
+void SpinnerPainter::setColor(const QColor &color)
+{
+    m_color = color;
+    m_pixmap = themedPixmapForSpinnerSize(m_size, m_color, qApp->devicePixelRatio());
 }
 
 void SpinnerPainter::paint(QPainter &painter, const QRect &rect) const
 {
     const qreal dpr = painter.device()->devicePixelRatioF();
     if (!qFuzzyCompare(m_pixmap.devicePixelRatio(), dpr))
-        m_pixmap = themedPixmapForSpinnerSize(m_size, dpr);
+        m_pixmap = themedPixmapForSpinnerSize(m_size, m_color, dpr);
     painter.save();
     painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform);
     QPoint translate(rect.x() + rect.width() / 2, rect.y() + rect.height() / 2);
@@ -173,6 +183,11 @@ public:
     }
     QSize sizeHint() const final { return m_paint.size(); }
 
+    void setColor(const QColor &color)
+    {
+        m_paint.setColor(color);
+    }
+
 protected:
     void showEvent(QShowEvent *) final { m_paint.startAnimation(); }
     void hideEvent(QHideEvent *) final { m_paint.stopAnimation(); }
@@ -232,6 +247,14 @@ void Spinner::setSize(SpinnerSize size)
 }
 
 /*!
+    Sets the color of the spinner to \a color.
+*/
+void Spinner::setColor(const QColor &color)
+{
+    m_widget->setColor(color);
+}
+
+/*!
     Shows the animated spinner as an overlay for the parent widget
     set previously in the constructor.
 */
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/spinner/spinner.h b/src/libs/solutions/spinner/spinner.h
index 8ab7cb84d9..8dd166a864 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/spinner/spinner.h
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/spinner/spinner.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ class SPINNER_EXPORT Spinner : public QObject
 public:
     explicit Spinner(SpinnerSize size, QWidget *parent = nullptr);
     void setSize(SpinnerSize size);
+    void setColor(const QColor &color);
     void show();
     void hide();
     bool isVisible() const;
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/barrier.cpp b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/barrier.cpp
index e160dbac76..126d4f3b8a 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/barrier.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/barrier.cpp
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
 #include "barrier.h"
 
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
 namespace Tasking {
 
 // That's cut down qtcassert.{c,h} to avoid the dependency.
-#define QTC_STRINGIFY_HELPER(x) #x
-#define QTC_STRINGIFY(x) QTC_STRINGIFY_HELPER(x)
-#define QTC_STRING(cond) qDebug("SOFT ASSERT: \"%s\" in %s: %s", cond,  __FILE__, QTC_STRINGIFY(__LINE__))
-#define QTC_ASSERT(cond, action) if (Q_LIKELY(cond)) {} else { QTC_STRING(#cond); action; } do {} while (0)
-#define QTC_CHECK(cond) if (cond) {} else { QTC_STRING(#cond); } do {} while (0)
+#define QT_STRING(cond) qDebug("SOFT ASSERT: \"%s\" in %s: %s", cond,  __FILE__, QT_STRINGIFY(__LINE__))
+#define QT_ASSERT(cond, action) if (Q_LIKELY(cond)) {} else { QT_STRING(#cond); action; } do {} while (0)
 
 void Barrier::setLimit(int value)
 {
-    QTC_ASSERT(!isRunning(), return);
-    QTC_ASSERT(value > 0, return);
+    QT_ASSERT(!isRunning(), return);
+    QT_ASSERT(value > 0, return);
 
     m_limit = value;
 }
 
 void Barrier::start()
 {
-    QTC_ASSERT(!isRunning(), return);
+    QT_ASSERT(!isRunning(), return);
     m_current = 0;
-    m_result = {};
+    m_result.reset();
 }
 
 void Barrier::advance()
 {
     // Calling advance on finished is OK
-    QTC_ASSERT(isRunning() || m_result, return);
+    QT_ASSERT(isRunning() || m_result, return);
     if (!isRunning()) // no-op
         return;
     ++m_current;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void Barrier::advance()
 void Barrier::stopWithResult(DoneResult result)
 {
     // Calling stopWithResult on finished is OK when the same success is passed
-    QTC_ASSERT(isRunning() || (m_result && *m_result == result), return);
+    QT_ASSERT(isRunning() || (m_result && *m_result == result), return);
     if (!isRunning()) // no-op
         return;
     m_current = -1;
@@ -50,3 +50,5 @@ void Barrier::stopWithResult(DoneResult result)
 }
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/barrier.h b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/barrier.h
index a9ed9949f0..a484844d38 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/barrier.h
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/barrier.h
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
-#pragma once
+#ifndef TASKING_BARRIER_H
+#define TASKING_BARRIER_H
 
 #include "tasking_global.h"
 
 #include "tasktree.h"
 
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
 namespace Tasking {
 
 class TASKING_EXPORT Barrier final : public QObject
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ public:
     int current() const { return m_current; }
     std::optional<DoneResult> result() const { return m_result; }
 
-signals:
+Q_SIGNALS:
     void done(DoneResult success);
 
 private:
@@ -91,3 +95,7 @@ GroupItem waitForBarrierTask(const MultiBarrier<Limit> &sharedBarrier)
 }
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // TASKING_BARRIER_H
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/concurrentcall.h b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/concurrentcall.h
index 6bd4460131..ae1fcd17cd 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/concurrentcall.h
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/concurrentcall.h
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
-#pragma once
+#ifndef TASKING_CONCURRENTCALL_H
+#define TASKING_CONCURRENTCALL_H
 
 #include "tasktree.h"
 
-#include <QtConcurrent>
+#include <QtConcurrent/QtConcurrent>
+
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace Tasking {
 
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    void start() {
+    void start() final {
         if (!this->task()->m_startHandler) {
             emit this->done(DoneResult::Error); // TODO: Add runtime assert
             return;
@@ -98,3 +102,7 @@ template <typename T>
 using ConcurrentCallTask = CustomTask<ConcurrentCallTaskAdapter<T>>;
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // TASKING_CONCURRENTCALL_H
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/networkquery.cpp b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/networkquery.cpp
index 335f79afd9..30789ec925 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/networkquery.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/networkquery.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
 
 #include "networkquery.h"
 
-#include <QNetworkAccessManager>
+#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkAccessManager>
+
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace Tasking {
 
@@ -51,3 +54,5 @@ NetworkQuery::~NetworkQuery()
 }
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/networkquery.h b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/networkquery.h
index dd099dc7a8..6d28848671 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/networkquery.h
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/networkquery.h
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
 
-#pragma once
+#ifndef TASKING_NETWORKQUERY_H
+#define TASKING_NETWORKQUERY_H
 
 #include "tasking_global.h"
 
 #include "tasktree.h"
 
-#include <QNetworkReply>
-#include <QNetworkRequest>
+#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkReply>
+#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkRequest>
 
 #include <memory>
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 class QNetworkAccessManager;
-QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace Tasking {
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ public:
     QNetworkReply *reply() const { return m_reply.get(); }
     void start();
 
-signals:
+Q_SIGNALS:
     void started();
     void done(DoneResult result);
 
@@ -59,3 +60,7 @@ public:
 using NetworkQueryTask = CustomTask<NetworkQueryTaskAdapter>;
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // TASKING_NETWORKQUERY_H
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/qprocesstask.cpp b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/qprocesstask.cpp
index 7d63e65847..b0a61986a3 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/qprocesstask.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/qprocesstask.cpp
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR BSD-3-Clause
 
 #include "qprocesstask.h"
 
-#include <QCoreApplication>
-#include <QDebug>
-#include <QMutex>
-#include <QThread>
-#include <QTimer>
-#include <QWaitCondition>
+#include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
+#include <QtCore/QDebug>
+#include <QtCore/QMutex>
+#include <QtCore/QThread>
+#include <QtCore/QTimer>
+#include <QtCore/QWaitCondition>
+
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+#if QT_CONFIG(process)
 
 namespace Tasking {
 
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ public:
         terminate();
     }
 
-signals:
+Q_SIGNALS:
     void finished();
 
 private:
@@ -262,4 +267,13 @@ void QProcessDeleter::operator()(QProcess *process)
 
 } // namespace Tasking
 
+#endif // QT_CONFIG(process)
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#if QT_CONFIG(process)
+
 #include "qprocesstask.moc"
+
+#endif // QT_CONFIG(process)
+
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/qprocesstask.h b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/qprocesstask.h
index cc0b83698b..3b06e624fb 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/qprocesstask.h
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/qprocesstask.h
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
-#pragma once
+#ifndef TASKING_QPROCESSTASK_H
+#define TASKING_QPROCESSTASK_H
 
 #include "tasking_global.h"
 
 #include "tasktree.h"
 
-#include <QProcess>
+#include <QtCore/QProcess>
+
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+#if QT_CONFIG(process)
 
 namespace Tasking {
 
@@ -45,17 +51,17 @@ public:
 class TASKING_EXPORT QProcessAdapter : public TaskAdapter<QProcess, QProcessDeleter>
 {
 private:
-    void start() override {
+    void start() final {
         connect(task(), &QProcess::finished, this, [this] {
             const bool success = task()->exitStatus() == QProcess::NormalExit
                                  && task()->error() == QProcess::UnknownError
                                  && task()->exitCode() == 0;
-            emit done(toDoneResult(success));
+            Q_EMIT done(toDoneResult(success));
         });
         connect(task(), &QProcess::errorOccurred, this, [this](QProcess::ProcessError error) {
             if (error != QProcess::FailedToStart)
                 return;
-            emit done(DoneResult::Error);
+            Q_EMIT done(DoneResult::Error);
         });
         task()->start();
     }
@@ -64,3 +70,9 @@ private:
 using QProcessTask = CustomTask<QProcessAdapter>;
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+#endif // QT_CONFIG(process)
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // TASKING_QPROCESSTASK_H
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasking_global.h b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasking_global.h
index d7e76fa9e6..024d7e3303 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasking_global.h
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasking_global.h
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
-#pragma once
+#ifndef TASKING_GLOBAL_H
+#define TASKING_GLOBAL_H
 
-#include <qglobal.h>
+#include <QtCore/qglobal.h>
+
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 #if defined(TASKING_LIBRARY)
 #  define TASKING_EXPORT Q_DECL_EXPORT
@@ -12,3 +15,7 @@
 #else
 #  define TASKING_EXPORT Q_DECL_IMPORT
 #endif
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // TASKING_GLOBAL_H
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktree.cpp b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktree.cpp
index 7d37bf9758..5c1f65e503 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktree.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktree.cpp
@@ -1,22 +1,27 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
 #include "tasktree.h"
 
-#include <QDebug>
-#include <QEventLoop>
-#include <QFutureWatcher>
-#include <QHash>
-#include <QMetaEnum>
-#include <QMutex>
-#include <QPromise>
-#include <QPointer>
-#include <QSet>
-#include <QTime>
-#include <QTimer>
+#include "barrier.h"
+
+#include <QtCore/QDebug>
+#include <QtCore/QEventLoop>
+#include <QtCore/QFutureWatcher>
+#include <QtCore/QHash>
+#include <QtCore/QMetaEnum>
+#include <QtCore/QMutex>
+#include <QtCore/QPointer>
+#include <QtCore/QPromise>
+#include <QtCore/QSet>
+#include <QtCore/QTime>
+#include <QtCore/QTimer>
 
 using namespace std::chrono;
 
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
 namespace Tasking {
 
 // That's cut down qtcassert.{c,h} to avoid the dependency.
@@ -882,6 +887,20 @@ private:
 */
 
 /*!
+    \variable parallelIdealThreadCountLimit
+    A convenient global group's element describing the parallel execution mode with a limited
+    number of tasks running simultanously. The limit is equal to the ideal number of threads
+    excluding the calling thread.
+
+    This is a shortcut to:
+    \code
+        parallelLimit(qMax(QThread::idealThreadCount() - 1, 1))
+    \endcode
+
+    \sa parallel, parallelLimit()
+*/
+
+/*!
     \variable stopOnError
     A convenient global group's element describing the StopOnError workflow policy.
 
@@ -1161,6 +1180,7 @@ const GroupItem nullItem = GroupItem({});
 
 const GroupItem sequential = parallelLimit(1);
 const GroupItem parallel = parallelLimit(0);
+const GroupItem parallelIdealThreadCountLimit = parallelLimit(qMax(QThread::idealThreadCount() - 1, 1));
 
 const GroupItem stopOnError = workflowPolicy(WorkflowPolicy::StopOnError);
 const GroupItem continueOnError = workflowPolicy(WorkflowPolicy::ContinueOnError);
@@ -1271,6 +1291,12 @@ const void *Loop::valuePtr() const
 
 using StoragePtr = void *;
 
+static QString s_activeStorageWarning =
+    "The referenced storage is not reachable in the running tree. "
+    "A nullptr will be returned which might lead to a crash in the calling code. "
+    "It is possible that no storage was added to the tree, "
+    "or the storage is not reachable from where it is referenced.";
+
 class StorageThreadData
 {
     Q_DISABLE_COPY_MOVE(StorageThreadData)
@@ -1279,7 +1305,7 @@ public:
     StorageThreadData() = default;
     void pushStorage(StoragePtr storagePtr)
     {
-        m_activeStorageStack.push_back(storagePtr);
+        m_activeStorageStack.push_back({storagePtr, activeTaskTree()});
     }
     void popStorage()
     {
@@ -1288,16 +1314,16 @@ public:
     }
     StoragePtr activeStorage() const
     {
-        QT_ASSERT(m_activeStorageStack.size(), qWarning(
-            "The referenced storage is not reachable in the running tree. "
-            "A nullptr will be returned which might lead to a crash in the calling code. "
-            "It is possible that no storage was added to the tree, "
-            "or the storage is not reachable from where it is referenced."); return nullptr);
-        return m_activeStorageStack.last();
+        QT_ASSERT(m_activeStorageStack.size(),
+                  qWarning().noquote() << s_activeStorageWarning; return nullptr);
+        const QPair<StoragePtr, TaskTree *> &top = m_activeStorageStack.last();
+        QT_ASSERT(top.second == activeTaskTree(),
+                  qWarning().noquote() << s_activeStorageWarning; return nullptr);
+        return top.first;
     }
 
 private:
-    QList<StoragePtr> m_activeStorageStack;
+    QList<QPair<StoragePtr, TaskTree *>> m_activeStorageStack;
 };
 
 class StorageData
@@ -1430,6 +1456,11 @@ ExecutableItem ExecutableItem::withTimeout(milliseconds timeout,
 
 static QString currentTime() { return QTime::currentTime().toString(Qt::ISODateWithMs); }
 
+static QString logHeader(const QString &logName)
+{
+    return QString::fromLatin1("TASK TREE LOG [%1] \"%2\"").arg(currentTime(), logName);
+};
+
 /*!
     Attaches a custom debug printout to a copy of \c this ExecutableItem,
     issued on task startup and after the task is finished, and returns the coupled item.
@@ -1443,9 +1474,6 @@ static QString currentTime() { return QTime::currentTime().toString(Qt::ISODateW
 */
 ExecutableItem ExecutableItem::withLog(const QString &logName) const
 {
-    const auto header = [logName] {
-        return QString("TASK TREE LOG [%1] \"%2\"").arg(currentTime(), logName);
-    };
     struct LogStorage
     {
         time_point<system_clock, nanoseconds> start;
@@ -1454,25 +1482,43 @@ ExecutableItem ExecutableItem::withLog(const QString &logName) const
     const Storage<LogStorage> storage;
     return Group {
         storage,
-        onGroupSetup([storage, header] {
+        onGroupSetup([storage, logName] {
             storage->start = system_clock::now();
             storage->asyncCount = activeTaskTree()->asyncCount();
-            qDebug().noquote() << header() << "started.";
+            qDebug().noquote().nospace() << logHeader(logName) << " started.";
         }),
         *this,
-        onGroupDone([storage, header](DoneWith result) {
+        onGroupDone([storage, logName](DoneWith result) {
             const auto elapsed = duration_cast<milliseconds>(system_clock::now() - storage->start);
             const int asyncCountDiff = activeTaskTree()->asyncCount() - storage->asyncCount;
             QT_CHECK(asyncCountDiff >= 0);
             const QMetaEnum doneWithEnum = QMetaEnum::fromType<DoneWith>();
-            const QString syncType = asyncCountDiff ? QString("asynchronously")
-                                                    : QString("synchronously");
-            qDebug().noquote().nospace() << header() << " finished " << syncType << " with "
-                << doneWithEnum.valueToKey(int(result)) << " within " << elapsed.count() << "ms.";
+            const QString syncType = asyncCountDiff ? QString::fromLatin1("asynchronously")
+                                                    : QString::fromLatin1("synchronously");
+            qDebug().noquote().nospace() << logHeader(logName) << " finished " << syncType
+                                         << " with " << doneWithEnum.valueToKey(int(result))
+                                         << " within " << elapsed.count() << "ms.";
         })
     };
 }
 
+ExecutableItem ExecutableItem::withCancelImpl(
+    const std::function<void(QObject *, const std::function<void()> &)> &connectWrapper) const
+{
+    const auto onSetup = [connectWrapper](Barrier &barrier) {
+        connectWrapper(&barrier, [barrierPtr = &barrier] { barrierPtr->advance(); });
+    };
+    return Group {
+        parallel,
+        stopOnSuccessOrError,
+        Group {
+            finishAllAndError,
+            BarrierTask(onSetup)
+        },
+        *this
+    };
+}
+
 class TaskTreePrivate;
 class TaskNode;
 class RuntimeContainer;
@@ -3346,7 +3392,7 @@ TimeoutTaskAdapter::~TimeoutTaskAdapter()
 void TimeoutTaskAdapter::start()
 {
     m_timerId = scheduleTimeout(*task(), this, [this] {
-        m_timerId = {};
+        m_timerId.reset();
         emit done(DoneResult::Success);
     });
 }
@@ -3381,3 +3427,5 @@ void TimeoutTaskAdapter::start()
 */
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktree.h b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktree.h
index 8ea255303b..caedb78c2c 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktree.h
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktree.h
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
-#pragma once
+#ifndef TASKING_TASKTREE_H
+#define TASKING_TASKTREE_H
 
 #include "tasking_global.h"
 
-#include <QObject>
-#include <QList>
+#include <QtCore/QList>
+#include <QtCore/QObject>
 
 #include <memory>
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 template <class T>
 class QFuture;
-QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace Tasking {
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ enum class WorkflowPolicy
     FinishAllAndSuccess,  // 4  - Reports success after all children finished.
     FinishAllAndError     // 5  - Reports error after all children finished.
 };
-Q_ENUM_NS(WorkflowPolicy);
+Q_ENUM_NS(WorkflowPolicy)
 
 enum class SetupResult
 {
@@ -49,14 +50,14 @@ enum class SetupResult
     StopWithSuccess,
     StopWithError
 };
-Q_ENUM_NS(SetupResult);
+Q_ENUM_NS(SetupResult)
 
 enum class DoneResult
 {
     Success,
     Error
 };
-Q_ENUM_NS(DoneResult);
+Q_ENUM_NS(DoneResult)
 
 enum class DoneWith
 {
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ enum class DoneWith
     Error,
     Cancel
 };
-Q_ENUM_NS(DoneWith);
+Q_ENUM_NS(DoneWith)
 
 enum class CallDoneIf
 {
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ enum class CallDoneIf
     Success,
     Error
 };
-Q_ENUM_NS(CallDoneIf);
+Q_ENUM_NS(CallDoneIf)
 
 TASKING_EXPORT DoneResult toDoneResult(bool success);
 
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ class TASKING_EXPORT TaskInterface : public QObject
 {
     Q_OBJECT
 
-signals:
+Q_SIGNALS:
     void done(DoneResult result);
 
 private:
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    static StorageConstructor ctor() { return [] { return new StorageStruct; }; }
+    static StorageConstructor ctor() { return [] { return new StorageStruct(); }; }
     static StorageDestructor dtor() {
         return [](void *storage) { delete static_cast<StorageStruct *>(storage); };
     }
@@ -290,10 +291,25 @@ public:
     ExecutableItem withTimeout(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout,
                                const std::function<void()> &handler = {}) const;
     ExecutableItem withLog(const QString &logName) const;
+    template <typename SenderSignalPairGetter>
+    ExecutableItem withCancel(SenderSignalPairGetter &&getter) const
+    {
+        const auto connectWrapper = [getter](QObject *guard, const std::function<void()> &trigger) {
+            const auto senderSignalPair = getter();
+            QObject::connect(senderSignalPair.first, senderSignalPair.second, guard, [trigger] {
+                trigger();
+            }, static_cast<Qt::ConnectionType>(Qt::QueuedConnection | Qt::SingleShotConnection));
+        };
+        return withCancelImpl(connectWrapper);
+    }
 
 protected:
     ExecutableItem() = default;
     ExecutableItem(const TaskHandler &handler) : GroupItem(handler) {}
+
+private:
+    ExecutableItem withCancelImpl(
+        const std::function<void(QObject *, const std::function<void()> &)> &connectWrapper) const;
 };
 
 class TASKING_EXPORT Group : public ExecutableItem
@@ -330,7 +346,7 @@ private:
             std::invoke(handler);
             return SetupResult::Continue;
         };
-    };
+    }
     template <typename Handler>
     static GroupDoneHandler wrapGroupDone(Handler &&handler)
     {
@@ -353,7 +369,7 @@ private:
                 std::invoke(handler);
             return result == DoneWith::Success ? DoneResult::Success : DoneResult::Error;
         };
-    };
+    }
 };
 
 template <typename Handler>
@@ -375,6 +391,7 @@ TASKING_EXPORT extern const GroupItem nullItem;
 
 TASKING_EXPORT extern const GroupItem sequential;
 TASKING_EXPORT extern const GroupItem parallel;
+TASKING_EXPORT extern const GroupItem parallelIdealThreadCountLimit;
 
 TASKING_EXPORT extern const GroupItem stopOnError;
 TASKING_EXPORT extern const GroupItem continueOnError;
@@ -417,7 +434,7 @@ private:
             std::invoke(handler);
             return SetupResult::StopWithSuccess;
         };
-    };
+    }
 };
 
 template <typename Task, typename Deleter = std::default_delete<Task>>
@@ -474,7 +491,7 @@ private:
             std::invoke(handler, *adapter.task());
             return SetupResult::Continue;
         };
-    };
+    }
 
     template <typename Handler>
     static InterfaceDoneHandler wrapDone(Handler &&handler) {
@@ -513,7 +530,7 @@ private:
                 std::invoke(handler);
             return result == DoneWith::Success ? DoneResult::Success : DoneResult::Error;
         };
-    };
+    }
 };
 
 class TASKING_EXPORT TaskTree final : public QObject
@@ -563,7 +580,7 @@ public:
                             wrapHandler<const StorageStruct>(std::forward<Handler>(handler)));
     }
 
-signals:
+Q_SIGNALS:
     void started();
     void done(DoneWith result);
     void asyncCountChanged(int count);
@@ -608,3 +625,7 @@ using TaskTreeTask = CustomTask<TaskTreeTaskAdapter>;
 using TimeoutTask = CustomTask<TimeoutTaskAdapter>;
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // TASKING_TASKTREE_H
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.cpp b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.cpp
index 0f7e96db08..d0daa5daae 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
 // Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
@@ -5,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include "tasktree.h"
 
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
 namespace Tasking {
 
 TaskTreeRunner::~TaskTreeRunner() = default;
@@ -38,3 +41,5 @@ void TaskTreeRunner::reset()
 }
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.h b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.h
index 92d9f9c0b4..ba41c0913f 100644
--- a/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.h
+++ b/src/libs/solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.h
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 Jarek Kobus
 // Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
-#pragma once
+#ifndef TASKING_TASKTREERUNNER_H
+#define TASKING_TASKTREERUNNER_H
 
 #include "tasking_global.h"
 #include "tasktree.h"
 
-#include <QObject>
+#include <QtCore/QObject>
+
+QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace Tasking {
 
@@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ public:
     // No done() signal is emitted.
     void reset();
 
-signals:
+Q_SIGNALS:
     void aboutToStart(TaskTree *taskTree);
     void done(DoneWith result);
 
@@ -42,3 +46,7 @@ private:
 };
 
 } // namespace Tasking
+
+QT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // TASKING_TASKTREERUNNER_H
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/sqlite/CMakeLists.txt
index 2c7e1ebbf3..f86f31871a 100644
--- a/src/libs/sqlite/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ endif()
 
 add_qtc_library(Sqlite
   PROPERTIES AUTOMOC OFF AUTOUIC OFF
-  DEPENDS Qt::Core Threads::Threads ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS} SqliteInternal
+  DEPENDS Qt::Core Threads::Threads ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS} SqliteInternal Nanotrace
   INCLUDES
     ../3rdparty/sqlite
   PUBLIC_INCLUDES
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ add_qtc_library(Sqlite
     sqlitesessionchangeset.cpp sqlitesessionchangeset.h
     sqlitesessions.cpp sqlitesessions.h
     sqlitetable.h
-    sqlitetransaction.h
+    sqlitetracing.cpp sqlitetracing.h
     sqlitetransaction.h
     sqlitevalue.h
     sqlitewritestatement.h
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitebasestatement.cpp b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitebasestatement.cpp
index 406d49d248..8557bf6ad2 100644
--- a/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitebasestatement.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitebasestatement.cpp
@@ -26,33 +26,7 @@ extern "C" int sqlite3_carray_bind(
 
 namespace Sqlite {
 
-namespace {
-using TraceFile = NanotraceHR::TraceFile<sqliteTracingStatus()>;
-
-TraceFile traceFile{"sqlite.json"};
-
-thread_local NanotraceHR::EventQueueData<NanotraceHR::StringViewTraceEvent, 10000, sqliteTracingStatus()>
-    eventQueueData(traceFile);
-thread_local NanotraceHR::EventQueue eventQueue = eventQueueData.createEventQueue();
-
-NanotraceHR::StringViewCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> &sqliteLowLevelCategory();
-
-thread_local NanotraceHR::StringViewCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> sqliteLowLevelCategory_{
-    "sqlite low level"_t, eventQueue, sqliteLowLevelCategory};
-
-NanotraceHR::StringViewCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> &sqliteLowLevelCategory()
-{
-    return sqliteLowLevelCategory_;
-}
-
-thread_local NanotraceHR::StringViewCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> sqliteHighLevelCategory_{
-    "sqlite high level"_t, eventQueue, sqliteHighLevelCategory};
-} // namespace
-
-NanotraceHR::StringViewCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> &sqliteHighLevelCategory()
-{
-    return sqliteHighLevelCategory_;
-}
+using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
 
 BaseStatement::BaseStatement(Utils::SmallStringView sqlStatement, Database &database)
     : m_database(database)
@@ -108,14 +82,18 @@ void BaseStatement::waitForUnlockNotify() const
 
 void BaseStatement::reset() const noexcept
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"reset"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"reset"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle())};
 
     sqlite3_reset(m_compiledStatement.get());
 }
 
 bool BaseStatement::next() const
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"next"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"next"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle())};
     int resultCode;
 
     do {
@@ -142,7 +120,10 @@ void BaseStatement::step() const
 
 void BaseStatement::bindNull(int index)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind null"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind null"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index)};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_bind_null(m_compiledStatement.get(), index);
     if (resultCode != SQLITE_OK)
@@ -156,7 +137,11 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, NullValue)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, int value)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind int"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind int"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("value", value)};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_bind_int(m_compiledStatement.get(), index, value);
     if (resultCode != SQLITE_OK)
@@ -165,7 +150,11 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, int value)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, long long value)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind long long"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind long long"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("value", value)};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_bind_int64(m_compiledStatement.get(), index, value);
     if (resultCode != SQLITE_OK)
@@ -174,7 +163,11 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, long long value)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, double value)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind double"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind double"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("value", value)};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_bind_double(m_compiledStatement.get(), index, value);
     if (resultCode != SQLITE_OK)
@@ -183,7 +176,11 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, double value)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, void *pointer)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind pointer"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind pointer"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("pointer", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(pointer))};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_bind_pointer(m_compiledStatement.get(), index, pointer, "carray", nullptr);
     if (resultCode != SQLITE_OK)
@@ -192,7 +189,12 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, void *pointer)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::span<const int> values)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind int span"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind int span"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("pointer", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(values.data())),
+                               keyValue("size", values.size())};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_carray_bind(m_compiledStatement.get(),
                                          index,
@@ -206,7 +208,12 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::span<const int> values)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::span<const long long> values)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind long long span"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind long long span"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("pointer", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(values.data())),
+                               keyValue("size", values.size())};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_carray_bind(m_compiledStatement.get(),
                                          index,
@@ -220,7 +227,12 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::span<const long long> values)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::span<const double> values)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind double span"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind double span"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("pointer", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(values.data())),
+                               keyValue("size", values.size())};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_carray_bind(m_compiledStatement.get(),
                                          index,
@@ -234,7 +246,12 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::span<const double> values)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::span<const char *> values)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind const char* span"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind const char* span"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("pointer", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(values.data())),
+                               keyValue("size", values.size())};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_carray_bind(m_compiledStatement.get(),
                                          index,
@@ -248,7 +265,11 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::span<const char *> values)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::SmallStringView text)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind string"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind string"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("text", text)};
 
     int resultCode = sqlite3_bind_text(m_compiledStatement.get(),
                                        index,
@@ -261,7 +282,12 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, Utils::SmallStringView text)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, BlobView blobView)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind blob"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind blob"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("index", index),
+                               keyValue("pointer", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(blobView.data())),
+                               keyValue("size", blobView.size())};
 
     int resultCode = SQLITE_OK;
 
@@ -281,7 +307,11 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, BlobView blobView)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, const Value &value)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind value"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{
+        "bind value"_t,
+        sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+        keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+    };
 
     switch (value.type()) {
     case ValueType::Integer:
@@ -304,7 +334,11 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, const Value &value)
 
 void BaseStatement::bind(int index, ValueView value)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind value"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{
+        "bind value"_t,
+        sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+        keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+    };
 
     switch (value.type()) {
     case ValueType::Integer:
@@ -327,7 +361,9 @@ void BaseStatement::bind(int index, ValueView value)
 
 void BaseStatement::prepare(Utils::SmallStringView sqlStatement)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"prepare"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"prepare"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sql statement", sqlStatement)};
 
     if (!m_database.isLocked())
         throw DatabaseIsNotLocked{};
@@ -343,14 +379,18 @@ void BaseStatement::prepare(Utils::SmallStringView sqlStatement)
                                         nullptr);
         m_compiledStatement.reset(sqliteStatement);
 
-        if (resultCode == SQLITE_LOCKED)
+        if (resultCode == SQLITE_LOCKED) {
+            tracer.tick("wait for unlock"_t);
             waitForUnlockNotify();
+        }
 
     } while (resultCode == SQLITE_LOCKED);
 
 
     if (resultCode != SQLITE_OK)
         Sqlite::throwError(resultCode, sqliteDatabaseHandle());
+
+    tracer.end(keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()));
 }
 
 sqlite3 *BaseStatement::sqliteDatabaseHandle() const
@@ -428,7 +468,10 @@ StringType convertToTextForColumn(sqlite3_stmt *sqlStatment, int column)
 
 Type BaseStatement::fetchType(int column) const
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch type"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch type"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("column", column)};
 
     auto dataType = sqlite3_column_type(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
 
@@ -450,9 +493,16 @@ Type BaseStatement::fetchType(int column) const
 
 int BaseStatement::fetchIntValue(int column) const
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch int"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch int"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("column", column)};
+
+    auto value = sqlite3_column_int(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
 
-    return sqlite3_column_int(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
+    tracer.end(keyValue("value", value));
+
+    return value;
 }
 
 template<>
@@ -474,9 +524,16 @@ long BaseStatement::fetchValue<long>(int column) const
 
 long long BaseStatement::fetchLongLongValue(int column) const
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch long long"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch long long"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("column", column)};
+
+    auto value = sqlite3_column_int64(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
 
-    return sqlite3_column_int64(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
+    tracer.end(keyValue("value", value));
+
+    return value;
 }
 
 template<>
@@ -487,14 +544,24 @@ long long BaseStatement::fetchValue<long long>(int column) const
 
 double BaseStatement::fetchDoubleValue(int column) const
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch double"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch double"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("column", column)};
+
+    auto value = sqlite3_column_double(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
+
+    tracer.end(keyValue("value", value));
 
-    return sqlite3_column_double(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
+    return value;
 }
 
 BlobView BaseStatement::fetchBlobValue(int column) const
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch blob"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch blob"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("column", column)};
 
     return convertToBlobForColumn(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
 }
@@ -508,7 +575,16 @@ double BaseStatement::fetchValue<double>(int column) const
 template<typename StringType>
 StringType BaseStatement::fetchValue(int column) const
 {
-    return convertToTextForColumn<StringType>(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch string value"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("column", column)};
+
+    auto text = convertToTextForColumn<StringType>(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
+
+    tracer.end(keyValue("text", text));
+
+    return text;
 }
 
 template SQLITE_EXPORT Utils::SmallStringView BaseStatement::fetchValue<Utils::SmallStringView>(
@@ -520,11 +596,25 @@ template SQLITE_EXPORT Utils::PathString BaseStatement::fetchValue<Utils::PathSt
 
 Utils::SmallStringView BaseStatement::fetchSmallStringViewValue(int column) const
 {
-    return fetchValue<Utils::SmallStringView>(column);
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch string view"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("column", column)};
+
+    auto text = fetchValue<Utils::SmallStringView>(column);
+
+    tracer.end(keyValue("text", text));
+
+    return text;
 }
 
 ValueView BaseStatement::fetchValueView(int column) const
 {
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"fetch value view"_t,
+                               sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+                               keyValue("sqlite statement", handle()),
+                               keyValue("column", column)};
+
     int dataType = sqlite3_column_type(m_compiledStatement.get(), column);
     switch (dataType) {
     case SQLITE_NULL:
@@ -544,7 +634,11 @@ ValueView BaseStatement::fetchValueView(int column) const
 
 void BaseStatement::Deleter::operator()(sqlite3_stmt *statement)
 {
-    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"finalize"_t, sqliteLowLevelCategory()};
+    NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{
+        "finalize"_t,
+        sqliteLowLevelCategory(),
+        keyValue("sqlite statement", reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(statement)),
+    };
 
     sqlite3_finalize(statement);
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitebasestatement.h b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitebasestatement.h
index d2306c67a5..64acba0a27 100644
--- a/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitebasestatement.h
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitebasestatement.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "sqliteblob.h"
 #include "sqliteexception.h"
 #include "sqliteids.h"
+#include "sqlitetracing.h"
 #include "sqlitetransaction.h"
 #include "sqlitevalue.h"
 
@@ -30,31 +31,11 @@ using std::int64_t;
 
 namespace Sqlite {
 
-using namespace NanotraceHR::Literals;
-
 class Database;
 class DatabaseBackend;
 
 enum class Type : char { Invalid, Integer, Float, Text, Blob, Null };
 
-template<typename Enumeration>
-constexpr static std::underlying_type_t<Enumeration> to_underlying(Enumeration enumeration) noexcept
-{
-    static_assert(std::is_enum_v<Enumeration>, "to_underlying expect an enumeration");
-    return static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Enumeration>>(enumeration);
-}
-
-constexpr NanotraceHR::Tracing sqliteTracingStatus()
-{
-#ifdef ENABLE_SQLITE_TRACING
-    return NanotraceHR::tracingStatus();
-#else
-    return NanotraceHR::Tracing::IsDisabled;
-#endif
-}
-
-SQLITE_EXPORT NanotraceHR::StringViewCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> &sqliteHighLevelCategory();
-
 class SQLITE_EXPORT BaseStatement
 {
 public:
@@ -99,7 +80,7 @@ public:
     template<typename Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<Type::IsBasicId::value>>
     void bind(int index, Type id)
     {
-        if (id)
+        if (!id.isNull())
             bind(index, id.internalId());
         else
             bindNull(index);
@@ -108,7 +89,7 @@ public:
     template<typename Enumeration, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<Enumeration>, bool> = true>
     void bind(int index, Enumeration enumeration)
     {
-        bind(index, to_underlying(enumeration));
+        bind(index, Utils::to_underlying(enumeration));
     }
 
     void bind(int index, uint value) { bind(index, static_cast<long long>(value)); }
@@ -136,6 +117,11 @@ public:
 protected:
     ~BaseStatement() = default;
 
+    std::uintptr_t handle() const
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(m_compiledStatement.get());
+    }
+
 private:
     struct Deleter
     {
@@ -166,7 +152,12 @@ public:
 
     void execute()
     {
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"execute"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{
+            "execute"_t,
+            sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+            keyValue("sqlite statement", BaseStatement::handle()),
+        };
 
         Resetter resetter{this};
         BaseStatement::next();
@@ -175,7 +166,10 @@ public:
     template<typename... ValueType>
     void bindValues(const ValueType &...values)
     {
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"bind"_t,
+                                   sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+                                   keyValue("sqlite statement", BaseStatement::handle())};
 
         static_assert(BindParameterCount == sizeof...(values), "Wrong binding parameter count!");
 
@@ -186,7 +180,10 @@ public:
     template<typename... ValueType>
     void write(const ValueType&... values)
     {
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"write"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"write"_t,
+                                   sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+                                   keyValue("sqlite statement", BaseStatement::handle())};
 
         Resetter resetter{this};
         bindValues(values...);
@@ -206,24 +203,37 @@ public:
     struct is_container<QVarLengthArray<T, Prealloc>> : std::true_type
     {};
 
+    template<typename T>
+    struct is_small_container : std::false_type
+    {};
+
+    template<typename T, qsizetype Prealloc>
+    struct is_small_container<QVarLengthArray<T, Prealloc>> : std::true_type
+    {};
+
     template<typename Container,
              std::size_t capacity = 32,
              typename = std::enable_if_t<is_container<Container>::value>,
              typename... QueryTypes>
     auto values(const QueryTypes &...queryValues)
     {
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"values"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"values"_t,
+                                   sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+                                   keyValue("sqlite statement", BaseStatement::handle())};
 
         Resetter resetter{this};
         Container resultValues;
-        resultValues.reserve(std::max(capacity, m_maximumResultCount));
+        using size_tupe = typename Container::size_type;
+        if constexpr (!is_small_container<Container>::value)
+            resultValues.reserve(static_cast<size_tupe>(std::max(capacity, m_maximumResultCount)));
 
         bindValues(queryValues...);
 
         while (BaseStatement::next())
             emplaceBackValues(resultValues);
 
-        setMaximumResultCount(resultValues.size());
+        setMaximumResultCount(static_cast<std::size_t>(resultValues.size()));
 
         return resultValues;
     }
@@ -241,7 +251,10 @@ public:
     template<typename ResultType, typename... QueryTypes>
     auto value(const QueryTypes &...queryValues)
     {
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"value"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"value"_t,
+                                   sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+                                   keyValue("sqlite statement", BaseStatement::handle())};
 
         Resetter resetter{this};
         ResultType resultValue{};
@@ -257,7 +270,10 @@ public:
     template<typename ResultType, typename... QueryTypes>
     auto optionalValue(const QueryTypes &...queryValues)
     {
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"optionalValue"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"optionalValue"_t,
+                                   sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+                                   keyValue("sqlite statement", BaseStatement::handle())};
 
         Resetter resetter{this};
         std::optional<ResultType> resultValue;
@@ -273,6 +289,7 @@ public:
     template<typename Type>
     static auto toValue(Utils::SmallStringView sqlStatement, Database &database)
     {
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
         NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"toValue"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
 
         StatementImplementation statement(sqlStatement, database);
@@ -287,7 +304,10 @@ public:
     template<typename Callable, typename... QueryTypes>
     void readCallback(Callable &&callable, const QueryTypes &...queryValues)
     {
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"readCallback"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"readCallback"_t,
+                                   sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+                                   keyValue("sqlite statement", BaseStatement::handle())};
 
         Resetter resetter{this};
 
@@ -304,7 +324,10 @@ public:
     template<typename Container, typename... QueryTypes>
     void readTo(Container &container, const QueryTypes &...queryValues)
     {
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"readTo"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
+        using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer tracer{"readTo"_t,
+                                   sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+                                   keyValue("sqlite statement", BaseStatement::handle())};
 
         Resetter resetter{this};
 
@@ -402,9 +425,11 @@ public:
 
     private:
         using TracerCategory = std::decay_t<decltype(sqliteHighLevelCategory())>;
-        NanotraceHR::Tracer<TracerCategory, typename TracerCategory::IsActive> tracer{
-            "range"_t, sqliteHighLevelCategory()};
         StatementImplementation &m_statement;
+        NanotraceHR::Tracer<TracerCategory, typename TracerCategory::IsActive> tracer{
+            "range"_t,
+            sqliteHighLevelCategory(),
+            NanotraceHR::keyValue("sqlite statement", m_statement.handle())};
     };
 
     template<typename ResultType>
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteexception.cpp b/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteexception.cpp
index b5f581ad68..bb4a474adb 100644
--- a/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteexception.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteexception.cpp
@@ -3,14 +3,20 @@
 
 #include "sqliteexception.h"
 
+#include "sqlitetracing.h"
+
 #include <utils/smallstringio.h>
 
+#include <nanotrace/nanotracehr.h>
+
 #include <sqlite.h>
 
 #include <QDebug>
 
 namespace Sqlite {
 
+using NanotraceHR::keyValue;
+
 const char *Exception::what() const noexcept
 {
     return "Sqlite::Exception";
@@ -18,7 +24,10 @@ const char *Exception::what() const noexcept
 
 const char *ExceptionWithMessage::what() const noexcept
 {
-    return "Sqlite::ExceptionWithMessage";
+    static Utils::SmallString text = Utils::SmallString::join(
+        {"Sqlite::ExceptionWithMessage", m_sqliteErrorMessage});
+
+    return text.data();
 }
 
 void ExceptionWithMessage::printWarning() const
@@ -26,6 +35,13 @@ void ExceptionWithMessage::printWarning() const
     qWarning() << what() << m_sqliteErrorMessage;
 }
 
+StatementIsBusy::StatementIsBusy(Utils::SmallString &&sqliteErrorMessage)
+    : ExceptionWithMessage{std::move(sqliteErrorMessage)}
+{
+    sqliteHighLevelCategory().threadEvent("StatementIsBusy"_t,
+                                          keyValue("error message", std::string_view{what()}));
+}
+
 const char *StatementIsBusy::what() const noexcept
 {
     return "Sqlite::StatementIsBusy";
@@ -36,9 +52,19 @@ const char *DatabaseIsBusy::what() const noexcept
     return "Sqlite::DatabaseIsBusy";
 }
 
+StatementHasError::StatementHasError(Utils::SmallString &&sqliteErrorMessage)
+    : ExceptionWithMessage{std::move(sqliteErrorMessage)}
+{
+    sqliteHighLevelCategory().threadEvent("StatementHasError"_t,
+                                          keyValue("error message", std::string_view{what()}));
+}
+
 const char *StatementHasError::what() const noexcept
 {
-    return "Sqlite::StatementHasError";
+    static Utils::SmallString text = Utils::SmallString::join(
+        {"Sqlite::StatementHasError: ", message()});
+
+    return text.data();
 }
 
 const char *StatementIsMisused::what() const noexcept
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteexception.h b/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteexception.h
index f0cadfc748..17a0639e19 100644
--- a/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteexception.h
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteexception.h
@@ -23,13 +23,15 @@ public:
 class SQLITE_EXPORT ExceptionWithMessage : public Exception
 {
 public:
-    ExceptionWithMessage(Utils::SmallString &&sqliteErrorMessage = Utils::SmallString{})
+    ExceptionWithMessage(Utils::SmallString &&sqliteErrorMessage = {})
         : m_sqliteErrorMessage(std::move(sqliteErrorMessage))
     {}
 
     const char *what() const noexcept override;
     void printWarning() const;
 
+    std::string_view message() const noexcept { return m_sqliteErrorMessage; }
+
 private:
     Utils::SmallString m_sqliteErrorMessage;
 };
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ private:
 class SQLITE_EXPORT StatementIsBusy : public ExceptionWithMessage
 {
 public:
-    using ExceptionWithMessage::ExceptionWithMessage;
+    StatementIsBusy(Utils::SmallString &&sqliteErrorMessage);
     const char *what() const noexcept override;
 };
 
@@ -90,7 +92,8 @@ public:
 class SQLITE_EXPORT StatementHasError : public ExceptionWithMessage
 {
 public:
-    using ExceptionWithMessage::ExceptionWithMessage;
+    StatementHasError(Utils::SmallString &&sqliteErrorMessage);
+
     const char *what() const noexcept override;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteids.h b/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteids.h
index d64e4d9645..abbb13d7c1 100644
--- a/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteids.h
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteids.h
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <utils/span.h>
+#include <utils/utility.h>
 
+#include <nanotrace/nanotracehr.h>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -26,7 +28,15 @@ public:
         return id;
     }
 
-    constexpr friend bool compareInvalidAreTrue(BasicId first, BasicId second)
+    template<typename Enumeration>
+    static constexpr BasicId createSpecialState(Enumeration specialState)
+    {
+        BasicId id;
+        id.id = ::Utils::to_underlying(specialState);
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    friend constexpr bool compareInvalidAreTrue(BasicId first, BasicId second)
     {
         return first.id == second.id;
     }
@@ -56,6 +66,14 @@ public:
 
     constexpr bool isValid() const { return id > 0; }
 
+    constexpr bool isNull() const { return id == 0; }
+
+    template<typename Enumeration>
+    constexpr bool hasSpecialState(Enumeration specialState) const
+    {
+        return id == ::Utils::to_underlying(specialState);
+    }
+
     explicit operator bool() const { return isValid(); }
 
     explicit operator std::size_t() const { return static_cast<std::size_t>(id); }
@@ -64,7 +82,16 @@ public:
 
     [[noreturn, deprecated]] InternalIntegerType operator&() const { throw std::exception{}; }
 
-private:
+    template<typename String>
+    friend void convertToString(String &string, BasicId id)
+    {
+        if (id.isNull())
+            NanotraceHR::convertToString(string, "invalid null");
+        else
+            NanotraceHR::convertToString(string, id.internalId());
+    }
+
+protected:
     InternalIntegerType id = 0;
 };
 
@@ -88,4 +115,5 @@ struct hash<Sqlite::BasicId<Type, InternalIntegerType>>
         return std::hash<InternalIntegerType>{}(id.internalId());
     }
 };
+
 } // namespace std
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteindex.h b/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteindex.h
index f320fcd599..7c7a8dbb2b 100644
--- a/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteindex.h
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqliteindex.h
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ public:
         return Utils::SmallString::join({"CREATE ",
                                          m_indexType == IndexType::Unique ? "UNIQUE " : "",
                                          "INDEX IF NOT EXISTS index_",
+                                         kindName(),
+                                         "_",
                                          m_tableName,
                                          "_",
                                          m_columnNames.join("_"),
@@ -65,6 +67,23 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
+    std::string_view kindName() const
+    {
+        using namespace std::string_view_literals;
+
+        if (m_indexType == IndexType::Unique && m_condition.hasContent())
+            return "unique_partial"sv;
+
+        if (m_indexType == IndexType::Unique)
+            return "unique"sv;
+
+        if (m_condition.hasContent())
+            return "partial"sv;
+
+        return "normal"sv;
+    }
+
+private:
     Utils::SmallString m_tableName;
     Utils::SmallStringVector m_columnNames;
     IndexType m_indexType;
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitetracing.cpp b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitetracing.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..700546f146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitetracing.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#include "sqlitetracing.h"
+
+namespace Sqlite {
+
+TraceFile &traceFile()
+{
+    static TraceFile traceFile{"tracing.json"};
+
+    return traceFile;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+thread_local NanotraceHR::EventQueue<NanotraceHR::StringViewWithStringArgumentsTraceEvent,
+                                     sqliteTracingStatus()>
+    eventQueue(traceFile());
+
+} // namespace
+
+NanotraceHR::StringViewWithStringArgumentsCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> &sqliteLowLevelCategory()
+{
+    thread_local NanotraceHR::StringViewWithStringArgumentsCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()>
+        sqliteLowLevelCategory_{"sqlite low level"_t, eventQueue, sqliteLowLevelCategory};
+    return sqliteLowLevelCategory_;
+}
+
+NanotraceHR::StringViewWithStringArgumentsCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> &sqliteHighLevelCategory()
+{
+    thread_local NanotraceHR::StringViewWithStringArgumentsCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()>
+        sqliteHighLevelCategory_{"sqlite high level"_t, eventQueue, sqliteHighLevelCategory};
+
+    return sqliteHighLevelCategory_;
+}
+
+} // namespace Sqlite
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitetracing.h b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitetracing.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8dadc6de0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitetracing.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#include "sqliteglobal.h"
+
+#include <nanotrace/nanotracehr.h>
+
+namespace Sqlite {
+using namespace NanotraceHR::Literals;
+
+constexpr NanotraceHR::Tracing sqliteTracingStatus()
+{
+#ifdef ENABLE_SQLITE_TRACING
+    return NanotraceHR::Tracing::IsEnabled;
+#else
+    return NanotraceHR::Tracing::IsDisabled;
+#endif
+}
+
+using TraceFile = NanotraceHR::TraceFile<sqliteTracingStatus()>;
+
+SQLITE_EXPORT TraceFile &traceFile();
+
+NanotraceHR::StringViewWithStringArgumentsCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> &sqliteLowLevelCategory();
+
+SQLITE_EXPORT NanotraceHR::StringViewWithStringArgumentsCategory<sqliteTracingStatus()> &
+sqliteHighLevelCategory();
+
+} // namespace Sqlite
diff --git a/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitevalue.h b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitevalue.h
index fe576f3fec..7adadb43b3 100644
--- a/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitevalue.h
+++ b/src/libs/sqlite/sqlitevalue.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "sqliteblob.h"
 #include "sqliteexception.h"
 
+#include <nanotrace/nanotracehr.h>
 #include <utils/smallstring.h>
 
 #include <QVariant>
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ public:
     explicit ValueBase(NullValue) {}
 
     explicit ValueBase(VariantType &&value)
-        : value(value)
+        : value(std::move(value))
     {}
 
     explicit ValueBase(const char *value)
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ public:
     explicit ValueBase(long long value)
         : value(value)
     {}
+
     explicit ValueBase(int value)
         : value(static_cast<long long>(value))
     {}
@@ -60,11 +62,6 @@ public:
 
     {}
 
-    explicit ValueBase(StringType &&value)
-        : value(std::move(value))
-
-    {}
-
     explicit ValueBase(BlobView value)
         : value(value)
 
@@ -229,14 +226,42 @@ public:
 class ValueView : public ValueBase<Utils::SmallStringView, BlobView>
 {
 public:
+    ValueView() = default;
+
+    explicit ValueView(NullValue) {}
+
     explicit ValueView(ValueBase &&base)
         : ValueBase(std::move(base))
     {}
 
+    explicit ValueView(Utils::SmallStringView value)
+        : ValueBase(value)
+    {}
+
+    explicit ValueView(BlobView value)
+        : ValueBase(value)
+    {}
+
+    explicit ValueView(long long value)
+        : ValueBase(value)
+    {}
+
+    explicit ValueView(int value)
+        : ValueBase(static_cast<long long>(value))
+    {}
+
+    explicit ValueView(uint value)
+        : ValueBase(static_cast<long long>(value))
+    {}
+
+    explicit ValueView(double value)
+        : ValueBase(value)
+    {}
+
     template<typename Type>
     static ValueView create(Type &&value_)
     {
-        return ValueView{ValueBase{value_}};
+        return ValueView(std::forward<Type>(value_));
     }
 };
 
@@ -348,18 +373,18 @@ private:
         if (value.isNull())
             return VariantType{NullValue{}};
 
-        switch (value.userType()) {
-        case QVariant::Int:
+        switch (value.typeId()) {
+        case QMetaType::Int:
             return VariantType{static_cast<long long>(value.toInt())};
-        case QVariant::LongLong:
+        case QMetaType::LongLong:
             return VariantType{value.toLongLong()};
-        case QVariant::UInt:
+        case QMetaType::UInt:
             return VariantType{static_cast<long long>(value.toUInt())};
-        case QVariant::Double:
+        case QMetaType::Double:
             return VariantType{value.toFloat()};
-        case QVariant::String:
+        case QMetaType::QString:
             return VariantType{value.toString()};
-        case QVariant::ByteArray:
+        case QMetaType::QByteArray:
             return VariantType{Blob{value.toByteArray()}};
         default:
             throw CannotConvert();
@@ -386,4 +411,27 @@ private:
 };
 
 using Values = std::vector<Value>;
+
+template<typename String>
+void convertToString(String &string, const Value &value)
+{
+    switch (value.type()) {
+    case ValueType::Null:
+        convertToString(string, "null");
+        break;
+    case ValueType::Integer:
+        convertToString(string, value.toInteger());
+        break;
+    case ValueType::Float:
+        convertToString(string, value.toFloat());
+        break;
+    case ValueType::String:
+        convertToString(string, value.toStringView());
+        break;
+    case ValueType::Blob:
+        convertToString(string, "blob");
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace Sqlite
diff --git a/src/libs/tracing/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/tracing/CMakeLists.txt
index e89f31f9cc..cd0014f0d2 100644
--- a/src/libs/tracing/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/tracing/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -105,3 +105,7 @@ qt_add_qml_module(Tracing
   SOURCES
     ${TRACING_CPP_SOURCES}
 )
+extend_qtc_library(Tracing
+  INCLUDES
+    ../utils/theme
+)
diff --git a/src/libs/tracing/timelineitemsrenderpass.cpp b/src/libs/tracing/timelineitemsrenderpass.cpp
index b93bd83b42..5b50a153e6 100644
--- a/src/libs/tracing/timelineitemsrenderpass.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/tracing/timelineitemsrenderpass.cpp
@@ -464,11 +464,7 @@ bool TimelineItemsMaterialShader::updateUniformData(RenderState &state,
 TimelineItemsMaterial::TimelineItemsMaterial() : m_selectedItem(-1)
 {
     setFlag(QSGMaterial::Blending, false);
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 3, 0)
     setFlag(QSGMaterial::NoBatching, true);
-#else
-    setFlag(QSGMaterial::CustomCompileStep, true);
-#endif // >= Qt 6.3/6.0
 }
 
 QVector2D TimelineItemsMaterial::scale() const
diff --git a/src/libs/tracing/timelinenotesrenderpass.cpp b/src/libs/tracing/timelinenotesrenderpass.cpp
index 0f3fa00de3..c0cfa368b5 100644
--- a/src/libs/tracing/timelinenotesrenderpass.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/tracing/timelinenotesrenderpass.cpp
@@ -152,11 +152,7 @@ TimelineNotesRenderPassState::TimelineNotesRenderPassState(int numExpandedRows)
     m_nullGeometry(NotesGeometry::point2DWithDistanceFromTop(), 0)
 {
     m_material.setFlag(QSGMaterial::Blending, true);
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 3, 0)
     m_material.setFlag(QSGMaterial::NoBatching, true);
-#else
-    m_material.setFlag(QSGMaterial::CustomCompileStep, true);
-#endif // >= Qt 6.3
     m_expandedRows.reserve(numExpandedRows);
     for (int i = 0; i < numExpandedRows; ++i)
         m_expandedRows << createNode();
@@ -221,7 +217,7 @@ NotesMaterialShader::NotesMaterialShader()
 static QColor notesColor()
 {
     return Utils::creatorTheme()
-            ? Utils::creatorTheme()->color(Utils::Theme::Timeline_HighlightColor)
+            ? Utils::creatorColor(Utils::Theme::Timeline_HighlightColor)
             : QColor(255, 165, 0);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/CMakeLists.txt b/src/libs/utils/CMakeLists.txt
index 18c8abda49..ca5e88b66c 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/libs/utils/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ add_qtc_library(Utils
     completingtextedit.cpp completingtextedit.h
     cpplanguage_details.h
     crumblepath.cpp crumblepath.h
+    datafromprocess.h
     delegates.cpp delegates.h
     detailsbutton.cpp detailsbutton.h
     detailswidget.cpp detailswidget.h
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ add_qtc_library(Utils
     link.cpp link.h
     listmodel.h
     listutils.h
+    lua.cpp lua.h
     macroexpander.cpp macroexpander.h
     mathutils.cpp mathutils.h
     mimeconstants.h
@@ -122,7 +124,6 @@ add_qtc_library(Utils
     port.cpp port.h
     portlist.cpp portlist.h
     predicates.h
-    process.cpp process.h
     processenums.h
     processhandle.cpp processhandle.h
     processhelper.cpp processhelper.h
@@ -135,6 +136,7 @@ add_qtc_library(Utils
     qrcparser.cpp qrcparser.h
     qtcassert.cpp qtcassert.h
     qtcolorbutton.cpp qtcolorbutton.h
+    qtcprocess.cpp qtcprocess.h
     qtcsettings.cpp qtcsettings.h
     ranges.h
     reloadpromptutils.cpp reloadpromptutils.h
@@ -197,6 +199,7 @@ add_qtc_library(Utils
     utilstr.h
     utilsicons.cpp utilsicons.h
     utiltypes.h
+    utility.h
     variablechooser.cpp variablechooser.h
     winutils.cpp winutils.h
     wizard.cpp wizard.h
@@ -269,7 +272,6 @@ extend_qtc_library(Utils
           fsengine/fsengine_impl.h
           fsengine/diriterator.h
           fsengine/fileiteratordevicesappender.h
-          fsengine/rootinjectfsengine.h
           fsengine/fixedlistfsengine.h
           fsengine/fsenginehandler.cpp
           fsengine/fsenginehandler.h
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/algorithm.h b/src/libs/utils/algorithm.h
index b781d68102..849316c9a9 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/algorithm.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/algorithm.h
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
+#include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
 
 namespace Utils
 {
@@ -985,6 +987,14 @@ C filtered(const C &container, R (S::*predicate)() const)
     return out;
 }
 
+template<typename C, typename R, typename S>
+Q_REQUIRED_RESULT C filtered(const C &container, R S::*predicate)
+{
+    C out;
+    std::copy_if(std::begin(container), std::end(container), inserter(out), std::mem_fn(predicate));
+    return out;
+}
+
 //////////////////
 // filteredCast
 /////////////////
@@ -1532,6 +1542,17 @@ void addToHash(QHash<Key, T> *result, const QHash<Key, T> &additionalContents)
     result->insert(additionalContents);
 }
 
+template <typename Tuple, std::size_t... I>
+static std::size_t tupleHashHelper(uint seed, const Tuple &tuple, std::index_sequence<I...>)
+{
+    return qHashMulti(seed, (std::get<I>(tuple), ...));
+}
+
+template<typename... T> std::size_t qHash(const std::tuple<T...> &tuple, uint seed = 0)
+{
+    return tupleHashHelper(seed, tuple, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>());
+}
+
 // Workaround for missing information from QSet::insert()
 // Return type could be a pair like for std::set, but we never use the iterator anyway.
 template<typename T, typename U> [[nodiscard]] bool insert(QSet<T> &s, const U &v)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/aspects.cpp b/src/libs/utils/aspects.cpp
index b72fc2060e..e6b8267c4e 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/aspects.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/aspects.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "guard.h"
 #include "iconbutton.h"
 #include "layoutbuilder.h"
+#include "macroexpander.h"
 #include "passworddialog.h"
 #include "pathchooser.h"
 #include "pathlisteditor.h"
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <QDebug>
 #include <QGroupBox>
 #include <QLabel>
+#include <QLayout>
 #include <QLineEdit>
 #include <QListWidget>
 #include <QPaintEvent>
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <QSpinBox>
 #include <QStandardItemModel>
 #include <QTextEdit>
+#include <QTreeWidget>
 #include <QUndoStack>
 
 using namespace Layouting;
@@ -93,6 +96,7 @@ public:
     BaseAspect::DataCloner m_dataCloner;
     QList<BaseAspect::DataExtractor> m_dataExtractors;
 
+    MacroExpander *m_expander = globalMacroExpander();
     QUndoStack *m_undoStack = nullptr;
 };
 
@@ -103,16 +107,32 @@ public:
     \brief The \c BaseAspect class provides a common base for classes implementing
     aspects.
 
-    An aspect is a hunk of data like a property or collection of related
+    An \e aspect is a hunk of data like a property or collection of related
     properties of some object, together with a description of its behavior
     for common operations like visualizing or persisting.
 
-    Simple aspects are for example a boolean property represented by a QCheckBox
+    Simple aspects are, for example, a boolean property represented by a QCheckBox
     in the user interface, or a string property represented by a PathChooser,
-    selecting directories in the filesystem.
+    for selecting directories in the filesystem.
 
-    While aspects implementations usually have the ability to visualize and to persist
+    While aspects implementations usually can visualize and persist
     their data, or use an ID, neither of these is mandatory.
+
+    The derived classes can implement addToLayout() to create a UI.
+
+    Implement \c guiToBuffer() and \c bufferToGui() to synchronize the UI with
+    the internal data.
+*/
+
+/*!
+    \enum Utils::BaseAspect::Announcement
+
+    Whether to emit a signal when a value changes.
+
+    \value DoEmit
+           Emit a signal.
+    \value BeQuiet
+           Don't emit a signal.
 */
 
 /*!
@@ -159,7 +179,9 @@ QVariant BaseAspect::variantValue() const
 /*!
     Sets \a value.
 
-    Prefer the typed setValue() of derived classes.
+    If \a howToAnnounce is set to \c DoEmit, emits the \c valueChanged signal.
+
+    Prefer the typed \c setValue() of the derived classes.
 */
 void BaseAspect::setVariantValue(const QVariant &value, Announcement howToAnnounce)
 {
@@ -185,7 +207,20 @@ QVariant BaseAspect::defaultVariantValue() const
 }
 
 /*!
-    \fn TypedAspect::setDefaultValue(const ValueType &value)
+    \class Utils::TypedAspect
+    \inheaderfile utils/aspects.h
+    \inmodule QtCreator
+
+    \brief The \c TypedAspect class is a helper class for implementing a simple
+    aspect.
+
+    A typed aspect contains a single piece of data that is of the type
+    \c ValueType.
+*/
+
+
+/*!
+    \fn template <typename ValueType> void Utils::TypedAspect<ValueType>::setDefaultValue(const ValueType &value)
 
     Sets a default \a value and the current value for this aspect.
 
@@ -248,14 +283,14 @@ QLabel *BaseAspect::createLabel()
     return label;
 }
 
-void BaseAspect::addLabeledItem(LayoutItem &parent, QWidget *widget)
+void BaseAspect::addLabeledItem(Layout &parent, QWidget *widget)
 {
     if (QLabel *l = createLabel()) {
         l->setBuddy(widget);
         parent.addItem(l);
-        parent.addItem(Span(std::max(d->m_spanX - 1, 1), LayoutItem(widget)));
+        parent.addItem(Span(std::max(d->m_spanX - 1, 1), widget));
     } else {
-        parent.addItem(LayoutItem(widget));
+        parent.addItem(widget);
     }
 }
 
@@ -501,21 +536,20 @@ AspectContainer *BaseAspect::container() const
     Adds the visual representation of this aspect to the layout with the
     specified \a parent using a layout builder.
 */
-void BaseAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &)
+void BaseAspect::addToLayout(Layout &)
 {
 }
 
-void createItem(Layouting::LayoutItem *item, const BaseAspect &aspect)
+void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout *iface, BaseAspect &aspect)
 {
-    const_cast<BaseAspect &>(aspect).addToLayout(*item);
+    aspect.addToLayout(*iface);
 }
 
-void createItem(Layouting::LayoutItem *item, const BaseAspect *aspect)
+void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout *item, BaseAspect *aspect)
 {
-    const_cast<BaseAspect *>(aspect)->addToLayout(*item);
+    aspect->addToLayout(*item);
 }
 
-
 /*!
     Updates this aspect's value from user-initiated changes in the widget.
 
@@ -692,6 +726,27 @@ QVariant BaseAspect::fromSettingsValue(const QVariant &val) const
     return d->m_fromSettings ? d->m_fromSettings(val) : val;
 }
 
+void BaseAspect::setMacroExpander(MacroExpander *expander)
+{
+    d->m_expander = expander;
+}
+
+MacroExpander *BaseAspect::macroExpander() const
+{
+    return d->m_expander;
+}
+
+void BaseAspect::addMacroExpansion(QWidget *w)
+{
+    if (!d->m_expander)
+        return;
+    const auto chooser = new VariableChooser(w);
+    chooser->addSupportedWidget(w);
+    chooser->addMacroExpanderProvider([this] { return d->m_expander; });
+    if (auto pathChooser = qobject_cast<PathChooser *>(w))
+        pathChooser->setMacroExpander(d->m_expander);
+}
+
 namespace Internal {
 
 class BoolAspectPrivate
@@ -827,15 +882,15 @@ public:
         aspect->bufferToGui();
     }
 
-    void addToLayoutFirst(LayoutItem &parent)
+    void addToLayoutFirst(Layout &parent)
     {
         if (m_checked && m_checkBoxPlacement == CheckBoxPlacement::Top) {
             m_checked->addToLayout(parent);
-            parent.addItem(br);
+            parent.flush();
         }
     }
 
-    void addToLayoutLast(LayoutItem &parent)
+    void addToLayoutLast(Layout &parent)
     {
         if (m_checked && m_checkBoxPlacement == CheckBoxPlacement::Right)
             m_checked->addToLayout(parent);
@@ -855,7 +910,6 @@ public:
     Qt::TextElideMode m_elideMode = Qt::ElideNone;
     QString m_placeHolderText;
     Key m_historyCompleterKey;
-    MacroExpanderProvider m_expanderProvider;
     StringAspect::ValueAcceptor m_valueAcceptor;
     std::optional<FancyLineEdit::ValidationFunction> m_validator;
 
@@ -900,6 +954,10 @@ public:
 class StringListAspectPrivate
 {
 public:
+    UndoableValue<QStringList> undoable;
+    bool allowAdding{true};
+    bool allowRemoving{true};
+    bool allowEditing{true};
 };
 
 class FilePathListAspectPrivate
@@ -939,9 +997,6 @@ public:
              Based on QTextEdit, used for user-editable strings that often
              do not fit on a line.
 
-      \value PathChooserDisplay
-             Based on Utils::PathChooser.
-
       \value PasswordLineEditDisplay
              Based on QLineEdit, used for password strings
 
@@ -1086,16 +1141,6 @@ void StringAspect::setAcceptRichText(bool acceptRichText)
     emit acceptRichTextChanged(acceptRichText);
 }
 
-void StringAspect::setMacroExpanderProvider(const MacroExpanderProvider &expanderProvider)
-{
-    d->m_expanderProvider = expanderProvider;
-}
-
-void StringAspect::setUseGlobalMacroExpander()
-{
-    d->m_expanderProvider = &globalMacroExpander;
-}
-
 void StringAspect::setUseResetButton()
 {
     d->m_useResetButton = true;
@@ -1112,18 +1157,10 @@ void StringAspect::setAutoApplyOnEditingFinished(bool applyOnEditingFinished)
     d->m_autoApplyOnEditingFinished = applyOnEditingFinished;
 }
 
-void StringAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
+void StringAspect::addToLayout(Layout &parent)
 {
     d->m_checkerImpl.addToLayoutFirst(parent);
 
-    const auto useMacroExpander = [this](QWidget *w) {
-        if (!d->m_expanderProvider)
-            return;
-        const auto chooser = new VariableChooser(w);
-        chooser->addSupportedWidget(w);
-        chooser->addMacroExpanderProvider(d->m_expanderProvider);
-    };
-
     const QString displayedString = d->m_displayFilter ? d->m_displayFilter(volatileValue())
                                                        : volatileValue();
 
@@ -1131,6 +1168,7 @@ void StringAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
     case PasswordLineEditDisplay:
     case LineEditDisplay: {
         auto lineEditDisplay = createSubWidget<FancyLineEdit>();
+        addMacroExpansion(lineEditDisplay);
         lineEditDisplay->setPlaceholderText(d->m_placeHolderText);
         if (!d->m_historyCompleterKey.isEmpty())
             lineEditDisplay->setHistoryCompleter(d->m_historyCompleterKey);
@@ -1164,7 +1202,6 @@ void StringAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
         }
 
         addLabeledItem(parent, lineEditDisplay);
-        useMacroExpander(lineEditDisplay);
         if (d->m_useResetButton) {
             auto resetButton = createSubWidget<QPushButton>(Tr::tr("Reset"));
             resetButton->setEnabled(lineEditDisplay->text() != defaultValue());
@@ -1222,6 +1259,7 @@ void StringAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
     }
     case TextEditDisplay: {
         auto textEditDisplay = createSubWidget<QTextEdit>();
+        addMacroExpansion(textEditDisplay);
         textEditDisplay->setPlaceholderText(d->m_placeHolderText);
         textEditDisplay->setUndoRedoEnabled(false);
         textEditDisplay->setAcceptRichText(d->m_acceptRichText);
@@ -1240,7 +1278,6 @@ void StringAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
         }
 
         addLabeledItem(parent, textEditDisplay);
-        useMacroExpander(textEditDisplay);
         bufferToGui();
         connect(this,
                 &StringAspect::acceptRichTextChanged,
@@ -1290,8 +1327,10 @@ void StringAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
 
 QString StringAspect::expandedValue() const
 {
-    if (!m_internal.isEmpty() && d->m_expanderProvider)
-        return d->m_expanderProvider()->expand(m_internal);
+    if (!m_internal.isEmpty()) {
+        if (auto expander = macroExpander())
+            return expander->expand(m_internal);
+    }
     return m_internal;
 }
 
@@ -1373,10 +1412,10 @@ public:
     PathChooser::Kind m_expectedKind = PathChooser::File;
     Environment m_environment;
     QPointer<PathChooser> m_pathChooserDisplay;
-    MacroExpanderProvider m_expanderProvider;
     FilePath m_baseFileName;
     StringAspect::ValueAcceptor m_valueAcceptor;
     std::optional<FancyLineEdit::ValidationFunction> m_validator;
+    std::optional<FilePath> m_effectiveBinary;
     std::function<void()> m_openTerminal;
 
     CheckableAspectImplementation m_checkerImpl;
@@ -1397,6 +1436,8 @@ FilePathAspect::FilePathAspect(AspectContainer *container)
 
     addDataExtractor(this, &FilePathAspect::value, &Data::value);
     addDataExtractor(this, &FilePathAspect::operator(), &Data::filePath);
+
+    connect(this, &BaseAspect::changed, this, [this] { d->m_effectiveBinary.reset(); });
 }
 
 FilePathAspect::~FilePathAspect() = default;
@@ -1416,7 +1457,35 @@ FilePath FilePathAspect::operator()() const
 
 FilePath FilePathAspect::expandedValue() const
 {
-    return FilePath::fromUserInput(TypedAspect::value());
+    const auto value = TypedAspect::value();
+    if (!value.isEmpty()) {
+        if (auto expander = macroExpander())
+            return FilePath::fromUserInput(expander->expand(value));
+    }
+    return FilePath::fromUserInput(value);
+}
+
+/*!
+    Returns the full path of the set command. Only makes a difference if
+    expected kind is \c Command or \c ExistingCommand and the current
+    file path is an executable provided without its path.
+    Performs a lookup in PATH if necessary.
+ */
+FilePath FilePathAspect::effectiveBinary() const
+{
+    if (d->m_effectiveBinary)
+        return *d->m_effectiveBinary;
+
+    const FilePath current = expandedValue();
+    const PathChooser::Kind kind = d->m_expectedKind;
+    if (kind != PathChooser::ExistingCommand && kind != PathChooser::Command)
+        return current;
+
+    if (current.needsDevice())
+        return current;
+
+    d->m_effectiveBinary.emplace(current.searchInPath());
+    return *d->m_effectiveBinary;
 }
 
 QString FilePathAspect::value() const
@@ -1425,7 +1494,9 @@ QString FilePathAspect::value() const
 }
 
 /*!
-    Sets the value of this file path aspect to \a value.
+    Sets the value of this file path aspect to \a filePath.
+
+    If \a howToAnnounce is set to \c DoEmit, emits the \c valueChanged signal.
 
     \note This does not use any check that the value is actually
     a file path.
@@ -1518,21 +1589,14 @@ PathChooser *FilePathAspect::pathChooser() const
     return d->m_pathChooserDisplay.data();
 }
 
-void FilePathAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
+void FilePathAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
 {
     d->m_checkerImpl.addToLayoutFirst(parent);
 
-    const auto useMacroExpander = [this](QWidget *w) {
-        if (!d->m_expanderProvider)
-            return;
-        const auto chooser = new VariableChooser(w);
-        chooser->addSupportedWidget(w);
-        chooser->addMacroExpanderProvider(d->m_expanderProvider);
-    };
-
     const QString displayedString = d->m_displayFilter ? d->m_displayFilter(value()) : value();
 
     d->m_pathChooserDisplay = createSubWidget<PathChooser>();
+    addMacroExpansion(d->m_pathChooserDisplay->lineEdit());
     d->m_pathChooserDisplay->setExpectedKind(d->m_expectedKind);
     if (!d->m_historyCompleterKey.isEmpty())
         d->m_pathChooserDisplay->setHistoryCompleter(d->m_historyCompleterKey);
@@ -1557,7 +1621,6 @@ void FilePathAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
         d->m_pathChooserDisplay->lineEdit()->setPlaceholderText(d->m_placeHolderText);
     d->m_checkerImpl.updateWidgetFromCheckStatus(this, d->m_pathChooserDisplay.data());
     addLabeledItem(parent, d->m_pathChooserDisplay);
-    useMacroExpander(d->m_pathChooserDisplay->lineEdit());
     connect(d->m_pathChooserDisplay, &PathChooser::validChanged, this, &FilePathAspect::validChanged);
     bufferToGui();
     if (isAutoApply() && d->m_autoApplyOnEditingFinished) {
@@ -1655,9 +1718,12 @@ void FilePathAspect::setAutoApplyOnEditingFinished(bool applyOnEditingFinished)
 */
 void FilePathAspect::setExpectedKind(const PathChooser::Kind expectedKind)
 {
-    d->m_expectedKind = expectedKind;
-    if (d->m_pathChooserDisplay)
-        d->m_pathChooserDisplay->setExpectedKind(expectedKind);
+    if (d->m_expectedKind != expectedKind) {
+        d->m_expectedKind = expectedKind;
+        d->m_effectiveBinary.reset();
+        if (d->m_pathChooserDisplay)
+            d->m_pathChooserDisplay->setExpectedKind(expectedKind);
+    }
 }
 
 void FilePathAspect::setEnvironment(const Environment &env)
@@ -1698,11 +1764,6 @@ void FilePathAspect::setHistoryCompleter(const Key &historyCompleterKey)
         d->m_pathChooserDisplay->setHistoryCompleter(historyCompleterKey);
 }
 
-void FilePathAspect::setMacroExpanderProvider(const MacroExpanderProvider &expanderProvider)
-{
-    d->m_expanderProvider = expanderProvider;
-}
-
 void FilePathAspect::validateInput()
 {
     if (d->m_pathChooserDisplay)
@@ -1736,7 +1797,7 @@ ColorAspect::ColorAspect(AspectContainer *container)
 
 ColorAspect::~ColorAspect() = default;
 
-void ColorAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
+void ColorAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
 {
     QTC_CHECK(!d->m_colorButton);
     d->m_colorButton = createSubWidget<QtColorButton>();
@@ -1913,7 +1974,7 @@ BoolAspect::BoolAspect(AspectContainer *container)
 */
 BoolAspect::~BoolAspect() = default;
 
-void BoolAspect::addToLayoutHelper(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent, QAbstractButton *button)
+void BoolAspect::addToLayoutHelper(Layouting::Layout &parent, QAbstractButton *button)
 {
     switch (d->m_labelPlacement) {
     case LabelPlacement::Compact:
@@ -1922,7 +1983,7 @@ void BoolAspect::addToLayoutHelper(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent, QAbstractButto
         break;
     case LabelPlacement::AtCheckBox:
         button->setText(labelText());
-        parent.addItem(empty());
+        parent.addItem(empty);
         parent.addItem(button);
         break;
     case LabelPlacement::InExtraLabel:
@@ -1940,20 +2001,18 @@ void BoolAspect::addToLayoutHelper(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent, QAbstractButto
     });
 }
 
-LayoutItem BoolAspect::adoptButton(QAbstractButton *button)
+std::function<void(Layouting::Layout *)> BoolAspect::adoptButton(QAbstractButton *button)
 {
-    LayoutItem parent;
-
-    addToLayoutHelper(parent, button);
-
-    bufferToGui();
-    return parent;
+    return [this, button](Layouting::Layout *layout) {
+        addToLayoutHelper(*layout, button);
+        bufferToGui();
+    };
 }
 
 /*!
     \reimp
 */
-void BoolAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
+void BoolAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
 {
     QCheckBox *checkBox = createSubWidget<QCheckBox>();
     addToLayoutHelper(parent, checkBox);
@@ -2059,7 +2118,7 @@ SelectionAspect::~SelectionAspect() = default;
 /*!
     \reimp
 */
-void SelectionAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
+void SelectionAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
 {
     QTC_CHECK(d->m_buttonGroup == nullptr);
     QTC_CHECK(!d->m_comboBox);
@@ -2233,7 +2292,7 @@ MultiSelectionAspect::~MultiSelectionAspect() = default;
 /*!
     \reimp
 */
-void MultiSelectionAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &builder)
+void MultiSelectionAspect::addToLayout(Layout &builder)
 {
     QTC_CHECK(d->m_listView == nullptr);
     if (d->m_allValues.isEmpty())
@@ -2342,7 +2401,7 @@ IntegerAspect::~IntegerAspect() = default;
 /*!
     \reimp
 */
-void IntegerAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
+void IntegerAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
 {
     QTC_CHECK(!d->m_spinBox);
     d->m_spinBox = createSubWidget<QSpinBox>();
@@ -2354,7 +2413,7 @@ void IntegerAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
     if (d->m_maximumValue && d->m_maximumValue)
         d->m_spinBox->setRange(int(d->m_minimumValue.value() / d->m_displayScaleFactor),
                                int(d->m_maximumValue.value() / d->m_displayScaleFactor));
-    d->m_spinBox->setValue(int(value() / d->m_displayScaleFactor)); // Must happen after setRange()
+    bufferToGui();
     addLabeledItem(parent, d->m_spinBox);
     connect(d->m_spinBox.data(), &QSpinBox::valueChanged,
             this, &IntegerAspect::handleGuiChanged);
@@ -2444,7 +2503,7 @@ DoubleAspect::~DoubleAspect() = default;
 /*!
     \reimp
 */
-void DoubleAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &builder)
+void DoubleAspect::addToLayout(Layout &builder)
 {
     QTC_CHECK(!d->m_spinBox);
     d->m_spinBox = createSubWidget<QDoubleSpinBox>();
@@ -2511,9 +2570,9 @@ void DoubleAspect::setSingleStep(double step)
 */
 
 TriStateAspect::TriStateAspect(AspectContainer *container,
-                               const QString &onString,
-                               const QString &offString,
-                               const QString &defaultString)
+                               const QString &enabledDisplay,
+                               const QString &disabledDisplay,
+                               const QString &defaultDisplay)
     : SelectionAspect(container)
 {
     setDisplayStyle(DisplayStyle::ComboBox);
@@ -2521,17 +2580,26 @@ TriStateAspect::TriStateAspect(AspectContainer *container,
     SelectionAspect::addOption({});
     SelectionAspect::addOption({});
     SelectionAspect::addOption({});
-    setOptionTexts(onString, offString, defaultString);
+    setOptionText(TriState::EnabledValue, enabledDisplay);
+    setOptionText(TriState::DisabledValue, disabledDisplay);
+    setOptionText(TriState::DefaultValue, defaultDisplay);
 }
 
-void TriStateAspect::setOptionTexts(const QString &onString,
-                                    const QString &offString,
-                                    const QString &defaultString)
+static QString defaultTristateDisplay(TriState::Value tristate)
 {
-    QTC_ASSERT(d->m_options.size() == 3, return);
-    d->m_options[0].displayName = onString.isEmpty() ? Tr::tr("Enable") : onString;
-    d->m_options[1].displayName = offString.isEmpty() ? Tr::tr("Disable") : offString;
-    d->m_options[2].displayName = defaultString.isEmpty() ? Tr::tr("Leave at Default") : defaultString;
+    switch (tristate) {
+        case TriState::EnabledValue: return Tr::tr("Enable");
+        case TriState::DisabledValue: return Tr::tr("Disable");
+        case TriState::DefaultValue: return Tr::tr("Default");
+    }
+    QTC_CHECK(false);
+    return {};
+}
+
+void TriStateAspect::setOptionText(const TriState::Value tristate, const QString &display)
+{
+    d->m_options[tristate].displayName = display.isEmpty()
+        ? defaultTristateDisplay(tristate) : display;
 }
 
 TriState TriStateAspect::value() const
@@ -2589,13 +2657,119 @@ StringListAspect::StringListAspect(AspectContainer *container)
 */
 StringListAspect::~StringListAspect() = default;
 
-/*!
-    \reimp
-*/
-void StringListAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
+bool StringListAspect::guiToBuffer()
 {
-    Q_UNUSED(parent)
-    // TODO - when needed.
+    const QStringList newValue = d->undoable.get();
+    if (newValue != m_buffer) {
+        m_buffer = newValue;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void StringListAspect::bufferToGui()
+{
+    d->undoable.setWithoutUndo(m_buffer);
+}
+
+void StringListAspect::addToLayout(Layout &parent)
+{
+    d->undoable.setSilently(value());
+
+    auto editor = new QTreeWidget();
+    editor->setHeaderHidden(true);
+    editor->setRootIsDecorated(false);
+    editor->setEditTriggers(
+        d->allowEditing ? QAbstractItemView::AllEditTriggers : QAbstractItemView::NoEditTriggers);
+
+    QPushButton *add = d->allowAdding ? new QPushButton(Tr::tr("Add")) : nullptr;
+    QPushButton *remove = d->allowRemoving ? new QPushButton(Tr::tr("Remove")) : nullptr;
+
+    auto itemsToStringList = [editor] {
+        QStringList items;
+        const QTreeWidgetItem *rootItem = editor->invisibleRootItem();
+        for (int i = 0, count = rootItem->childCount(); i < count; ++i) {
+            auto expr = rootItem->child(i)->data(0, Qt::DisplayRole).toString();
+            items.append(expr);
+        }
+        return items;
+    };
+
+    auto populate = [editor, this] {
+        editor->clear();
+        for (const QString &entry : d->undoable.get()) {
+            auto item = new QTreeWidgetItem(editor, {entry});
+            item->setData(0, Qt::ToolTipRole, entry);
+            item->setFlags(Qt::ItemIsEnabled | Qt::ItemIsSelectable | Qt::ItemIsEditable);
+        }
+    };
+
+    if (add) {
+        connect(add, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [this, populate, editor] {
+            d->undoable.setSilently(d->undoable.get() << "");
+            populate();
+            const QTreeWidgetItem *root = editor->invisibleRootItem();
+            QTreeWidgetItem *lastChild = root->child(root->childCount() - 1);
+            const QModelIndex index = editor->indexFromItem(lastChild, 0);
+            editor->edit(index);
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (remove) {
+        connect(remove, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [this, editor, itemsToStringList] {
+            const QList<QTreeWidgetItem *> selected = editor->selectedItems();
+            QTC_ASSERT(selected.size() == 1, return);
+            editor->invisibleRootItem()->removeChild(selected.first());
+            delete selected.first();
+            d->undoable.set(undoStack(), itemsToStringList());
+        });
+    }
+
+    connect(
+        &d->undoable.m_signal, &UndoSignaller::changed, editor, [this, populate, itemsToStringList] {
+            if (itemsToStringList() != d->undoable.get())
+                populate();
+
+            handleGuiChanged();
+        });
+
+    connect(
+        editor->model(),
+        &QAbstractItemModel::dataChanged,
+        this,
+        [this,
+         itemsToStringList](const QModelIndex &tl, const QModelIndex &br, const QList<int> &roles) {
+            if (!roles.contains(Qt::DisplayRole))
+                return;
+            if (tl != br)
+                return;
+            d->undoable.set(undoStack(), itemsToStringList());
+        });
+
+    populate();
+
+    parent.addItem(
+        // clang-format off
+        Column {
+            createLabel(),
+            Row {
+                editor,
+                If { d->allowAdding || d->allowRemoving, {
+                    Column {
+                        If { d->allowAdding, {add}, {}},
+                        If { d->allowRemoving, {remove}, {}},
+                        st,
+                    }
+                }, {}},
+            }
+        } // clang-format on
+    );
+
+    registerSubWidget(editor);
+    if (d->allowAdding)
+        registerSubWidget(add);
+    if (d->allowRemoving)
+        registerSubWidget(remove);
 }
 
 void StringListAspect::appendValue(const QString &s, bool allowDuplicates)
@@ -2631,6 +2805,32 @@ void StringListAspect::removeValues(const QStringList &values)
     setValue(val);
 }
 
+void StringListAspect::setUiAllowAdding(bool allowAdding)
+{
+    d->allowAdding = allowAdding;
+}
+void StringListAspect::setUiAllowRemoving(bool allowRemoving)
+{
+    d->allowRemoving = allowRemoving;
+}
+void StringListAspect::setUiAllowEditing(bool allowEditing)
+{
+    d->allowEditing = allowEditing;
+}
+
+bool StringListAspect::uiAllowAdding() const
+{
+    return d->allowAdding;
+}
+bool StringListAspect::uiAllowRemoving() const
+{
+    return d->allowRemoving;
+}
+bool StringListAspect::uiAllowEditing() const
+{
+    return d->allowEditing;
+}
+
 /*!
     \class Utils::FilePathListAspect
     \inmodule QtCreator
@@ -2668,7 +2868,7 @@ void FilePathListAspect::bufferToGui()
     d->undoable.setWithoutUndo(m_buffer);
 }
 
-void FilePathListAspect::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
+void FilePathListAspect::addToLayout(Layout &parent)
 {
     d->undoable.setSilently(value());
 
@@ -2762,7 +2962,7 @@ IntegersAspect::~IntegersAspect() = default;
 /*!
     \reimp
 */
-void IntegersAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
+void IntegersAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
 {
     Q_UNUSED(parent)
     // TODO - when needed.
@@ -2781,8 +2981,8 @@ void IntegersAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
 */
 
 /*!
-    Constructs a text display showing the \a message with an icon representing
-    type \a type.
+    Constructs a text display with the parent \a container. The display shows
+    \a message and an icon representing the type \a type.
  */
 TextDisplay::TextDisplay(AspectContainer *container, const QString &message, InfoLabel::InfoType type)
     : BaseAspect(container), d(new Internal::TextDisplayPrivate)
@@ -2799,7 +2999,7 @@ TextDisplay::~TextDisplay() = default;
 /*!
     \reimp
 */
-void TextDisplay::addToLayout(LayoutItem &parent)
+void TextDisplay::addToLayout(Layout &parent)
 {
     if (!d->m_label) {
         d->m_label = createSubWidget<InfoLabel>(d->m_message, d->m_type);
@@ -2851,7 +3051,7 @@ public:
     QList<BaseAspect *> m_items; // Both owned and non-owned.
     QList<BaseAspect *> m_ownedItems; // Owned only.
     QStringList m_settingsGroup;
-    std::function<Layouting::LayoutItem ()> m_layouter;
+    std::function<Layouting::Layout()> m_layouter;
 };
 
 AspectContainer::AspectContainer()
@@ -2866,6 +3066,11 @@ AspectContainer::~AspectContainer()
     qDeleteAll(d->m_ownedItems);
 }
 
+void AspectContainer::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
+{
+    parent.addItem(layouter()());
+}
+
 /*!
     \internal
 */
@@ -2875,6 +3080,8 @@ void AspectContainer::registerAspect(BaseAspect *aspect, bool takeOwnership)
     d->m_items.append(aspect);
     if (takeOwnership)
         d->m_ownedItems.append(aspect);
+
+    connect(aspect, &BaseAspect::changed, this, [this]() { emit changed(); });
 }
 
 void AspectContainer::registerAspects(const AspectContainer &aspects)
@@ -2903,12 +3110,12 @@ AspectContainer::const_iterator AspectContainer::end() const
     return d->m_items.cend();
 }
 
-void AspectContainer::setLayouter(const std::function<Layouting::LayoutItem ()> &layouter)
+void AspectContainer::setLayouter(const std::function<Layouting::Layout ()> &layouter)
 {
     d->m_layouter = layouter;
 }
 
-std::function<LayoutItem ()> AspectContainer::layouter() const
+std::function<Layout ()> AspectContainer::layouter() const
 {
     return d->m_layouter;
 }
@@ -3024,6 +3231,14 @@ void AspectContainer::setUndoStack(QUndoStack *undoStack)
         aspect->setUndoStack(undoStack);
 }
 
+void AspectContainer::setMacroExpander(MacroExpander *expander)
+{
+    BaseAspect::setMacroExpander(expander);
+
+    for (BaseAspect *aspect : std::as_const(d->m_items))
+        aspect->setMacroExpander(expander);
+}
+
 bool AspectContainer::equals(const AspectContainer &other) const
 {
     // FIXME: Expensive, but should not really be needed in a fully aspectified world.
@@ -3405,7 +3620,7 @@ private:
     int m_index;
 };
 
-void AspectList::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
+void AspectList::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
 {
     using namespace Layouting;
 
@@ -3424,7 +3639,7 @@ void AspectList::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
             addItem(d->createItem());
         });
 
-        Column column{noMargin()};
+        Column column{noMargin};
 
         forEachItem<BaseAspect>([&column, this](const std::shared_ptr<BaseAspect> &item, int idx) {
             auto removeBtn = new IconButton;
@@ -3515,7 +3730,7 @@ bool StringSelectionAspect::guiToBuffer()
     return oldBuffer != m_buffer;
 }
 
-void StringSelectionAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
+void StringSelectionAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent)
 {
     QTC_ASSERT(m_fillCallback, return);
 
@@ -3588,4 +3803,4 @@ void StringSelectionAspect::addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent)
     return addLabeledItem(parent, comboBox);
 }
 
-} // namespace Utils
+} // Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/aspects.h b/src/libs/utils/aspects.h
index 2941cfec61..60a198c1f7 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/aspects.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/aspects.h
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include "guiutils.h"
 #include "id.h"
 #include "infolabel.h"
-#include "macroexpander.h"
 #include "pathchooser.h"
 #include "qtcsettings.h"
 #include "store.h"
@@ -29,15 +28,14 @@ class QStandardItemModel;
 class QItemSelectionModel;
 QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
-namespace Layouting {
-class LayoutItem;
-}
+namespace Layouting { class Layout; }
 
 namespace Utils {
 
 class AspectContainer;
 class BoolAspect;
 class CheckableDecider;
+class MacroExpander;
 
 namespace Internal {
 class AspectContainerPrivate;
@@ -64,6 +62,7 @@ class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT BaseAspect : public QObject
 
 public:
     BaseAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
+    BaseAspect(const BaseAspect &) = delete;
     ~BaseAspect() override;
 
     Id id() const;
@@ -125,9 +124,7 @@ public:
     virtual void toMap(Store &map) const;
     virtual void toActiveMap(Store &map) const { toMap(map); }
     virtual void volatileToMap(Store &map) const;
-
-    virtual void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent);
-
+    virtual void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent);
     virtual void readSettings();
     virtual void writeSettings() const;
 
@@ -205,6 +202,9 @@ public:
     // This is expensive. Do not use without good reason
     void writeToSettingsImmediatly() const;
 
+    void setMacroExpander(MacroExpander *expander);
+    MacroExpander *macroExpander() const;
+
 signals:
     void changed();
     void volatileValueChanged();
@@ -222,8 +222,10 @@ protected:
 
     virtual void handleGuiChanged();
 
+    void addMacroExpansion(QWidget *w);
+
     QLabel *createLabel();
-    void addLabeledItem(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent, QWidget *widget);
+    void addLabeledItem(Layouting::Layout &parent, QWidget *widget);
 
     void setDataCreatorHelper(const DataCreator &creator) const;
     void setDataClonerHelper(const DataCloner &cloner) const;
@@ -276,8 +278,8 @@ private:
     friend class Internal::CheckableAspectImplementation;
 };
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void createItem(Layouting::LayoutItem *item, const BaseAspect &aspect);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void createItem(Layouting::LayoutItem *item, const BaseAspect *aspect);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout *layout, BaseAspect *aspect);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout *layout, BaseAspect &aspect);
 
 template<typename ValueType>
 class
@@ -439,7 +441,7 @@ public:
     BoolAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~BoolAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
     std::function<void(QObject *)> groupChecker();
 
     Utils::CheckableDecider askAgainCheckableDecider();
@@ -452,10 +454,10 @@ public:
                   LabelPlacement labelPlacement = LabelPlacement::InExtraLabel);
     void setLabelPlacement(LabelPlacement labelPlacement);
 
-    Layouting::LayoutItem adoptButton(QAbstractButton *button);
+    std::function<void(Layouting::Layout *)> adoptButton(QAbstractButton *button);
 
 private:
-    void addToLayoutHelper(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent, QAbstractButton *button);
+    void addToLayoutHelper(Layouting::Layout &parent, QAbstractButton *button);
 
     void bufferToGui() override;
     bool guiToBuffer() override;
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@ public:
     ColorAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~ColorAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
 private:
     void bufferToGui() override;
@@ -521,7 +523,7 @@ public:
     SelectionAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~SelectionAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
     void finish() override;
 
     QString stringValue() const;
@@ -569,7 +571,7 @@ public:
     MultiSelectionAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~MultiSelectionAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
     enum class DisplayStyle { ListView };
     void setDisplayStyle(DisplayStyle style);
@@ -596,7 +598,7 @@ public:
     StringAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~StringAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
     QString operator()() const { return expandedValue(); }
     QString expandedValue() const;
@@ -610,8 +612,6 @@ public:
     void setPlaceHolderText(const QString &placeHolderText);
     void setHistoryCompleter(const Key &historyCompleterKey);
     void setAcceptRichText(bool acceptRichText);
-    void setMacroExpanderProvider(const MacroExpanderProvider &expanderProvider);
-    void setUseGlobalMacroExpander();
     void setUseResetButton();
     void setValidationFunction(const FancyLineEdit::ValidationFunction &validator);
     void setAutoApplyOnEditingFinished(bool applyOnEditingFinished);
@@ -666,6 +666,7 @@ public:
     };
 
     FilePath operator()() const;
+    FilePath effectiveBinary() const;
     FilePath expandedValue() const;
     QString value() const;
     void setValue(const FilePath &filePath, Announcement howToAnnounce = DoEmit);
@@ -687,7 +688,6 @@ public:
     void setValidationFunction(const FancyLineEdit::ValidationFunction &validator);
     void setDisplayFilter(const std::function<QString (const QString &)> &displayFilter);
     void setHistoryCompleter(const Key &historyCompleterKey);
-    void setMacroExpanderProvider(const MacroExpanderProvider &expanderProvider);
     void setShowToolTipOnLabel(bool show);
     void setAutoApplyOnEditingFinished(bool applyOnEditingFinished);
 
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ public:
 
     PathChooser *pathChooser() const; // Avoid to use.
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
     void fromMap(const Utils::Store &map) override;
     void toMap(Utils::Store &map) const override;
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ public:
     IntegerAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~IntegerAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
     void setRange(qint64 min, qint64 max);
     void setLabel(const QString &label); // FIXME: Use setLabelText
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ public:
     DoubleAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~DoubleAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
     void setRange(double min, double max);
     void setPrefix(const QString &prefix);
@@ -777,11 +777,11 @@ private:
 
 class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT TriState
 {
+public:
     enum Value { EnabledValue, DisabledValue, DefaultValue };
-    explicit TriState(Value v) : m_value(v) {}
 
-public:
     TriState() = default;
+    explicit TriState(Value v) : m_value(v) {}
 
     int toInt() const { return int(m_value); }
     QVariant toVariant() const { return int(m_value); }
@@ -805,9 +805,9 @@ class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT TriStateAspect : public SelectionAspect
 
 public:
     TriStateAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr,
-                   const QString &onString = {},
-                   const QString &offString = {},
-                   const QString &defaultString = {});
+                   const QString &enabledDisplay = {},
+                   const QString &disabledDisplay = {},
+                   const QString &defaultDisplay = {});
 
     TriState operator()() const { return value(); }
     TriState value() const;
@@ -816,9 +816,8 @@ public:
     TriState defaultValue() const;
     void setDefaultValue(TriState setting);
 
-    void setOptionTexts(const QString &onString,
-                        const QString &offString,
-                        const QString &defaultString);
+    void setOptionText(const TriState::Value tristate, const QString &display);
+
 private:
     void addOption(const QString &displayName, const QString &toolTip = {}) = delete;
     void addOption(const Option &option) = delete;
@@ -832,13 +831,24 @@ public:
     StringListAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~StringListAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    bool guiToBuffer() override;
+    void bufferToGui() override;
+
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
     void appendValue(const QString &value, bool allowDuplicates = true);
     void removeValue(const QString &value);
     void appendValues(const QStringList &values, bool allowDuplicates = true);
     void removeValues(const QStringList &values);
 
+    void setUiAllowAdding(bool allowAdding);
+    void setUiAllowRemoving(bool allowRemoving);
+    void setUiAllowEditing(bool allowEditing);
+
+    bool uiAllowAdding() const;
+    bool uiAllowRemoving() const;
+    bool uiAllowEditing() const;
+
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<Internal::StringListAspectPrivate> d;
 };
@@ -856,7 +866,7 @@ public:
     bool guiToBuffer() override;
     void bufferToGui() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
     void setPlaceHolderText(const QString &placeHolderText);
 
     void appendValue(const FilePath &path, bool allowDuplicates = true);
@@ -876,7 +886,7 @@ public:
     IntegersAspect(AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
     ~IntegersAspect() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 };
 
 class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT TextDisplay : public BaseAspect
@@ -889,7 +899,7 @@ public:
                          InfoLabel::InfoType type = InfoLabel::None);
     ~TextDisplay() override;
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
     void setIconType(InfoLabel::InfoType t);
     void setText(const QString &message);
@@ -940,6 +950,8 @@ public:
     AspectContainer(const AspectContainer &) = delete;
     AspectContainer &operator=(const AspectContainer &) = delete;
 
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
+
     void registerAspect(BaseAspect *aspect, bool takeOwnership = false);
     void registerAspects(const AspectContainer &aspects);
 
@@ -965,6 +977,8 @@ public:
     bool isDirty() override;
     void setUndoStack(QUndoStack *undoStack) override;
 
+    void setMacroExpander(MacroExpander *expander);
+
     template <typename T> T *aspect() const
     {
         for (BaseAspect *aspect : aspects())
@@ -990,8 +1004,8 @@ public:
     const_iterator begin() const;
     const_iterator end() const;
 
-    void setLayouter(const std::function<Layouting::LayoutItem()> &layouter);
-    std::function<Layouting::LayoutItem()> layouter() const;
+    void setLayouter(const std::function<Layouting::Layout()> &layouter);
+    std::function<Layouting::Layout()> layouter() const;
 
 signals:
     void applied();
@@ -1132,7 +1146,7 @@ public:
 
     QVariant volatileVariantValue() const override { return {}; }
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<Internal::AspectListPrivate> d;
@@ -1144,7 +1158,7 @@ class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT StringSelectionAspect : public Utils::TypedAspect<Q
 public:
     StringSelectionAspect(Utils::AspectContainer *container = nullptr);
 
-    void addToLayout(Layouting::LayoutItem &parent) override;
+    void addToLayout(Layouting::Layout &parent) override;
 
     using ResultCallback = std::function<void(QList<QStandardItem *> items)>;
     using FillCallback = std::function<void(ResultCallback)>;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/async.cpp b/src/libs/utils/async.cpp
index 33487db73b..b67e83fc72 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/async.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/async.cpp
@@ -17,16 +17,6 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-#if QT_VERSION < QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 3, 0)
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(AsyncThreadPool, s_idle,         (QThread::IdlePriority));
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(AsyncThreadPool, s_lowest,       (QThread::LowestPriority));
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(AsyncThreadPool, s_low,          (QThread::LowPriority));
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(AsyncThreadPool, s_normal,       (QThread::NormalPriority));
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(AsyncThreadPool, s_high,         (QThread::HighPriority));
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(AsyncThreadPool, s_highest,      (QThread::HighestPriority));
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(AsyncThreadPool, s_timeCritical, (QThread::TimeCriticalPriority));
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(AsyncThreadPool, s_inherit,      (QThread::InheritPriority));
-#else
 Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(AsyncThreadPool, s_idle,         QThread::IdlePriority);
 Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(AsyncThreadPool, s_lowest,       QThread::LowestPriority);
 Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(AsyncThreadPool, s_low,          QThread::LowPriority);
@@ -35,7 +25,6 @@ Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(AsyncThreadPool, s_high,         QThread::HighPriority);
 Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(AsyncThreadPool, s_highest,      QThread::HighestPriority);
 Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(AsyncThreadPool, s_timeCritical, QThread::TimeCriticalPriority);
 Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(AsyncThreadPool, s_inherit,      QThread::InheritPriority);
-#endif
 
 QThreadPool *asyncThreadPool(QThread::Priority priority)
 {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/async.h b/src/libs/utils/async.h
index af6fb3fd85..8c7155bc13 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/async.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/async.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "futuresynchronizer.h"
 #include "qtcassert.h"
+#include "threadutils.h"
 
 #include <solutions/tasking/tasktree.h>
 
@@ -130,7 +131,9 @@ template <typename ResultType>
 class Async : public AsyncBase
 {
 public:
-    Async() {
+    Async()
+        : m_synchronizer(isMainThread() ? futureSynchronizer() : nullptr)
+    {
         connect(&m_watcher, &QFutureWatcherBase::finished, this, &AsyncBase::done);
         connect(&m_watcher, &QFutureWatcherBase::resultReadyAt, this, &AsyncBase::resultReadyAt);
     }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/buildablehelperlibrary.cpp b/src/libs/utils/buildablehelperlibrary.cpp
index 3b54d11412..2be40b6c9b 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/buildablehelperlibrary.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/buildablehelperlibrary.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "buildablehelperlibrary.h"
 #include "environment.h"
 #include "hostosinfo.h"
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 
 #include <QDebug>
 #include <QRegularExpression>
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/changeset.cpp b/src/libs/utils/changeset.cpp
index c0c54b1e48..881097c6b7 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/changeset.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/changeset.cpp
@@ -100,6 +100,41 @@ void ChangeSet::clear()
     m_error = false;
 }
 
+ChangeSet ChangeSet::makeReplace(const Range &range, const QString &replacement)
+{
+    ChangeSet c;
+    c.replace(range, replacement);
+    return c;
+}
+
+ChangeSet ChangeSet::makeReplace(int start, int end, const QString &replacement)
+{
+    ChangeSet c;
+    c.replace(start, end, replacement);
+    return c;
+}
+
+ChangeSet ChangeSet::makeRemove(const Range &range)
+{
+    ChangeSet c;
+    c.remove(range);
+    return c;
+}
+
+ChangeSet ChangeSet::makeFlip(int start1, int end1, int start2, int end2)
+{
+    ChangeSet c;
+    c.flip(start1, end1, start2, end2);
+    return c;
+}
+
+ChangeSet ChangeSet::makeInsert(int pos, const QString &text)
+{
+    ChangeSet c;
+    c.insert(pos, text);
+    return c;
+}
+
 bool ChangeSet::replace_helper(int pos, int length, const QString &replacement)
 {
     if (hasOverlap(pos, length))
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/changeset.h b/src/libs/utils/changeset.h
index 6370b20d3c..aee9c99dab 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/changeset.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/changeset.h
@@ -76,6 +76,12 @@ public:
 
     void clear();
 
+    static ChangeSet makeReplace(const Range &range, const QString &replacement);
+    static ChangeSet makeReplace(int start, int end, const QString &replacement);
+    static ChangeSet makeRemove(const Range &range);
+    static ChangeSet makeFlip(int start1, int end1, int start2, int end2);
+    static ChangeSet makeInsert(int pos, const QString &text);
+
     bool replace(const Range &range, const QString &replacement);
     bool remove(const Range &range);
     bool move(const Range &range, int to);
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/checkablemessagebox.cpp b/src/libs/utils/checkablemessagebox.cpp
index 19d3669ada..1d721e04c8 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/checkablemessagebox.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/checkablemessagebox.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "checkablemessagebox.h"
 
+#include "guiutils.h"
 #include "hostosinfo.h"
 #include "qtcassert.h"
 #include "qtcsettings.h"
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ static QMessageBox::StandardButton exec(
             return acceptButton;
     }
 
-    QMessageBox msgBox(parent);
+    QMessageBox msgBox(dialogParent(parent));
     prepare(icon, title, text, decider, buttons, defaultButton, buttonTextOverrides, msg, msgBox);
     msgBox.exec();
 
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ static void show(QWidget *parent,
         return;
     }
 
-    QMessageBox *msgBox = new QMessageBox(parent);
+    QMessageBox *msgBox = new QMessageBox(dialogParent(parent));
     prepare(icon, title, text, decider, buttons, defaultButton, buttonTextOverrides, msg, *msgBox);
 
     std::optional<QPointer<QObject>> guardPtr;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/clangutils.cpp b/src/libs/utils/clangutils.cpp
index 6cf265820e..86e8e6204e 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/clangutils.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/clangutils.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "clangutils.h"
 
 #include "filepath.h"
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 #include "utilstr.h"
 
 #include <QVersionNumber>
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ bool checkClangdVersion(const FilePath &clangd, QString *error)
 
 QVersionNumber minimumClangdVersion()
 {
-    return QVersionNumber(14);
+    return QVersionNumber(17);
 }
 
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/codegeneration.cpp b/src/libs/utils/codegeneration.cpp
index 8842023a23..ad3b8bad18 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/codegeneration.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/codegeneration.cpp
@@ -29,23 +29,6 @@ QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QString fileNameToCppIdentifier(const QString &s)
     return rc;
 }
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QString headerGuard(const QString &file)
-{
-    return headerGuard(file, QStringList());
-}
-
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QString headerGuard(const QString &file, const QStringList &namespaceList)
-{
-    const QChar underscore = QLatin1Char('_');
-    QString rc;
-    for (int i = 0; i < namespaceList.count(); i++)
-        rc += namespaceList.at(i).toUpper() + underscore;
-
-    const QFileInfo fi(file);
-    rc += fileNameToCppIdentifier(fi.fileName()).toUpper();
-    return rc;
-}
-
 QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT
 void writeIncludeFileDirective(const QString &file, bool globalInclude,
                                QTextStream &str)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/codegeneration.h b/src/libs/utils/codegeneration.h
index 9ea0bb28c7..e1c297eb92 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/codegeneration.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/codegeneration.h
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ namespace Utils {
 // or replacing them by an underscore).
 QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QString fileNameToCppIdentifier(const QString &s);
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QString headerGuard(const QString &file);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QString headerGuard(const QString &file, const QStringList &namespaceList);
-
 QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT
 void writeIncludeFileDirective(const QString &file,
                                bool globalInclude,
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/commandline.cpp b/src/libs/utils/commandline.cpp
index 8e6bc60277..b4fa60481e 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/commandline.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/commandline.cpp
@@ -1425,6 +1425,19 @@ CommandLine::CommandLine(const FilePath &exe, const QStringList &args)
     addArgs(args);
 }
 
+CommandLine::CommandLine(const FilePath &exe, std::initializer_list<ArgRef> args)
+    : m_executable(exe)
+{
+    for (const ArgRef &arg : args) {
+        if (const auto ptr = std::get_if<const char *>(&arg.m_arg))
+            addArg(QString::fromUtf8(*ptr));
+        else if (const auto ptr = std::get_if<std::reference_wrapper<const QString>>(&arg.m_arg))
+            addArg(*ptr);
+        else if (const auto ptr = std::get_if<std::reference_wrapper<const QStringList>>(&arg.m_arg))
+            addArgs(*ptr);
+    }
+}
+
 CommandLine::CommandLine(const FilePath &exe, const QStringList &args, OsType osType)
     : m_executable(exe)
 {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/commandline.h b/src/libs/utils/commandline.h
index 52ff8c5496..3718f80bca 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/commandline.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/commandline.h
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include <QPair>
 #include <QStringList>
 
+#include <variant>
+
 namespace Utils {
 
 class AbstractMacroExpander;
@@ -120,8 +122,22 @@ public:
     CommandLine();
     ~CommandLine();
 
+    struct ArgRef
+    {
+        ArgRef(const char *arg) : m_arg(arg) {}
+        ArgRef(const QString &arg) : m_arg(arg) {}
+        ArgRef(const QStringList &args) : m_arg(args) {}
+
+    private:
+        friend class CommandLine;
+        const std::variant<const char *,
+                           std::reference_wrapper<const QString>,
+                           std::reference_wrapper<const QStringList>> m_arg;
+    };
+
     explicit CommandLine(const FilePath &executable);
     CommandLine(const FilePath &exe, const QStringList &args);
+    CommandLine(const FilePath &exe, std::initializer_list<ArgRef> args);
     CommandLine(const FilePath &exe, const QStringList &args, OsType osType);
     CommandLine(const FilePath &exe, const QString &unparsedArgs, RawType);
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/crumblepath.cpp b/src/libs/utils/crumblepath.cpp
index 779b1c9e55..d434350460 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/crumblepath.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/crumblepath.cpp
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ void CrumblePathButton::paintEvent(QPaintEvent*)
         p.drawPixmap(width() - overlapSize, segmentRect.top(), middleSegmentPixmap);
 
     if (option.state & QStyle::State_Enabled)
-        option.palette.setColor(QPalette::ButtonText, creatorTheme()->color(Theme::PanelTextColorLight));
+        option.palette.setColor(QPalette::ButtonText, creatorColor(Theme::PanelTextColorLight));
     else
-        option.palette.setColor(QPalette::Disabled, QPalette::ButtonText, creatorTheme()->color(Theme::IconsDisabledColor));
+        option.palette.setColor(QPalette::Disabled, QPalette::ButtonText, creatorColor(Theme::IconsDisabledColor));
 
     QStylePainter sp(this);
     if (option.state & QStyle::State_Sunken)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/datafromprocess.h b/src/libs/utils/datafromprocess.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5acb220ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/utils/datafromprocess.h
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "algorithm.h"
+#include "commandline.h"
+#include "environment.h"
+#include "filepath.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
+
+#include <QDateTime>
+#include <QHash>
+#include <QMutex>
+#include <QMutexLocker>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Utils {
+
+// Use this facility for cached retrieval of data from a tool that always returns the same
+// output for the same parameters and is side effect free.
+// A prime example is version info via a --version switch.
+template<typename Data> class DataFromProcess
+{
+public:
+    class Parameters
+    {
+    public:
+        using OutputParser = std::function<std::optional<Data>(const QString &)>;
+        using ErrorHandler = std::function<void(const Process &)>;
+        using Callback = std::function<void(const std::optional<Data> &)>;
+
+        Parameters(const CommandLine &cmdLine, const OutputParser &parser)
+            : commandLine(cmdLine)
+            , parser(parser)
+        {}
+
+        CommandLine commandLine;
+        Environment environment = Environment::systemEnvironment();
+        std::chrono::seconds timeout = std::chrono::seconds(10);
+        OutputParser parser;
+        ErrorHandler errorHandler;
+        Callback callback;
+        QList<ProcessResult> allowedResults{ProcessResult::FinishedWithSuccess};
+    };
+
+    // Use the first variant whenever possible.
+    static void provideData(const Parameters &params);
+    static std::optional<Data> getData(const Parameters &params);
+
+private:
+    using Key = std::tuple<FilePath, QStringList, QString>;
+    using Value = std::pair<std::optional<Data>, QDateTime>;
+
+    static std::optional<Data> getOrProvideData(const Parameters &params);
+    static std::optional<Data> handleProcessFinished(const Parameters &params,
+                                                     const QDateTime &exeTimestamp,
+                                                     const Key &cacheKey,
+                                                     const std::shared_ptr<Process> &process);
+
+    static inline QHash<Key, Value> m_cache;
+    static inline QMutex m_cacheMutex;
+};
+
+template<typename Data>
+inline void DataFromProcess<Data>::provideData(const Parameters &params)
+{
+    QTC_ASSERT(params.callback, return);
+    getOrProvideData(params);
+}
+
+template<typename Data>
+inline std::optional<Data> DataFromProcess<Data>::getData(const Parameters &params)
+{
+    QTC_ASSERT(!params.callback, return {});
+    return getOrProvideData(params);
+}
+
+template<typename Data>
+inline std::optional<Data> DataFromProcess<Data>::getOrProvideData(const Parameters &params)
+{
+    if (params.commandLine.executable().isEmpty()) {
+        if (params.callback)
+            params.callback({});
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const auto key = std::make_tuple(params.commandLine.executable(),
+                                     params.environment.toStringList(),
+                                     params.commandLine.arguments());
+    const QDateTime exeTimestamp = params.commandLine.executable().lastModified();
+    {
+        QMutexLocker<QMutex> cacheLocker(&m_cacheMutex);
+        const auto it = m_cache.constFind(key);
+        if (it != m_cache.constEnd() && it.value().second == exeTimestamp)
+            return it.value().first;
+    }
+
+    const auto outputRetriever = std::make_shared<Process>();
+    outputRetriever->setCommand(params.commandLine);
+    if (params.callback) {
+        QObject::connect(outputRetriever.get(),
+                         &Process::done,
+                         [params, exeTimestamp, key, outputRetriever] {
+                             handleProcessFinished(params, exeTimestamp, key, outputRetriever);
+                         });
+        outputRetriever->start();
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    outputRetriever->runBlocking(params.timeout);
+    return handleProcessFinished(params, exeTimestamp, key, outputRetriever);
+}
+
+template<typename Data>
+inline std::optional<Data> DataFromProcess<Data>::handleProcessFinished(
+    const Parameters &params,
+    const QDateTime &exeTimestamp,
+    const Key &cacheKey,
+    const std::shared_ptr<Process> &process)
+{
+    // Do not store into cache: The next call might succeed.
+    if (process->result() == ProcessResult::Canceled) {
+        if (params.callback)
+            params.callback({});
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    std::optional<Data> data;
+    if (params.allowedResults.contains(process->result()))
+        data = params.parser(process->cleanedStdOut());
+    else if (params.errorHandler)
+        params.errorHandler(*process);
+    QMutexLocker<QMutex> cacheLocker(&m_cacheMutex);
+    m_cache.insert(cacheKey, std::make_pair(data, exeTimestamp));
+    if (params.callback) {
+        params.callback(data);
+        return {};
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+} // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/detailsbutton.cpp b/src/libs/utils/detailsbutton.cpp
index 88c0ca273e..c6e1b6da3f 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/detailsbutton.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/detailsbutton.cpp
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ QColor DetailsButton::outlineColor()
 {
     return HostOsInfo::isMacHost()
             ? QGuiApplication::palette().color(QPalette::Mid)
-            : StyleHelper::mergedColors(creatorTheme()->color(Theme::TextColorNormal),
-                                        creatorTheme()->color(Theme::BackgroundColorNormal), 15);
+            : StyleHelper::mergedColors(creatorColor(Theme::TextColorNormal),
+                                        creatorColor(Theme::BackgroundColorNormal), 15);
 }
 
 void DetailsButton::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/detailswidget.cpp b/src/libs/utils/detailswidget.cpp
index ec7a3d22eb..d278a609ff 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/detailswidget.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/detailswidget.cpp
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void DetailsWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *paintEvent)
     QPainter p(this);
     if (creatorTheme()->flag(Theme::FlatProjectsMode) || HostOsInfo::isMacHost()) {
         const QColor bgColor = creatorTheme()->flag(Theme::FlatProjectsMode) ?
-                    creatorTheme()->color(Theme::DetailsWidgetBackgroundColor)
+                    creatorColor(Theme::DetailsWidgetBackgroundColor)
                   : palette().color(QPalette::Window);
         p.fillRect(rect(), bgColor);
     }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/devicefileaccess.cpp b/src/libs/utils/devicefileaccess.cpp
index a38a098d38..303ffa6bf5 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/devicefileaccess.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/devicefileaccess.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "utilstr.h"
 
 #ifndef UTILS_STATIC_LIBRARY
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 #endif
 
 #include <QCoreApplication>
@@ -314,12 +314,10 @@ expected_str<QByteArray> DeviceFileAccess::fileContents(const FilePath &filePath
 }
 
 expected_str<qint64> DeviceFileAccess::writeFileContents(const FilePath &filePath,
-                                                         const QByteArray &data,
-                                                         qint64 offset) const
+                                                         const QByteArray &data) const
 {
     Q_UNUSED(filePath)
     Q_UNUSED(data)
-    Q_UNUSED(offset)
     QTC_CHECK(false);
     return make_unexpected(
         Tr::tr("writeFileContents is not implemented for \"%1\".").arg(filePath.toUserOutput()));
@@ -738,8 +736,7 @@ expected_str<QByteArray> DesktopDeviceFileAccess::fileContents(const FilePath &f
 }
 
 expected_str<qint64> DesktopDeviceFileAccess::writeFileContents(const FilePath &filePath,
-                                                                const QByteArray &data,
-                                                                qint64 offset) const
+                                                                const QByteArray &data) const
 {
     QFile file(filePath.path());
     const bool isOpened = file.open(QFile::WriteOnly | QFile::Truncate);
@@ -747,8 +744,6 @@ expected_str<qint64> DesktopDeviceFileAccess::writeFileContents(const FilePath &
         return make_unexpected(
             Tr::tr("Could not open file \"%1\" for writing.").arg(filePath.toUserOutput()));
 
-    if (offset != 0)
-        file.seek(offset);
     qint64 res = file.write(data);
     if (res != data.size())
         return make_unexpected(
@@ -1064,6 +1059,10 @@ expected_str<QByteArray> UnixDeviceFileAccess::fileContents(const FilePath &file
     if (disconnected())
         return make_unexpected_disconnected();
 
+    expected_str<FilePath> localSource = filePath.localSource();
+    if (localSource && *localSource != filePath)
+        return localSource->fileContents(limit, offset);
+
     QStringList args = {"if=" + filePath.path()};
     if (limit > 0 || offset > 0) {
         const qint64 gcd = std::gcd(limit, offset);
@@ -1088,17 +1087,16 @@ expected_str<QByteArray> UnixDeviceFileAccess::fileContents(const FilePath &file
 }
 
 expected_str<qint64> UnixDeviceFileAccess::writeFileContents(const FilePath &filePath,
-                                                             const QByteArray &data,
-                                                             qint64 offset) const
+                                                             const QByteArray &data) const
 {
     if (disconnected())
         return make_unexpected_disconnected();
 
+    expected_str<FilePath> localSource = filePath.localSource();
+    if (localSource && *localSource != filePath)
+        return localSource->writeFileContents(data);
+
     QStringList args = {"of=" + filePath.path()};
-    if (offset != 0) {
-        args.append("bs=1");
-        args.append(QString("seek=%1").arg(offset));
-    }
     RunResult result = runInShell({"dd", args, OsType::OsTypeLinux}, data);
 
     if (result.exitCode != 0) {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/devicefileaccess.h b/src/libs/utils/devicefileaccess.h
index ba48454127..8a0884ec1d 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/devicefileaccess.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/devicefileaccess.h
@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ protected:
                                                   qint64 offset) const;
 
     virtual expected_str<qint64> writeFileContents(const FilePath &filePath,
-                                                   const QByteArray &data,
-                                                   qint64 offset) const;
+                                                   const QByteArray &data) const;
 
     virtual expected_str<FilePath> createTempFile(const FilePath &filePath);
 };
@@ -125,8 +124,7 @@ protected:
                                           qint64 limit,
                                           qint64 offset) const override;
     expected_str<qint64> writeFileContents(const FilePath &filePath,
-                                           const QByteArray &data,
-                                           qint64 offset) const override;
+                                           const QByteArray &data) const override;
 
     expected_str<FilePath> createTempFile(const FilePath &filePath) override;
 
@@ -178,8 +176,7 @@ protected:
                                           qint64 limit,
                                           qint64 offset) const override;
     expected_str<qint64> writeFileContents(const FilePath &filePath,
-                                           const QByteArray &data,
-                                           qint64 offset) const override;
+                                           const QByteArray &data) const override;
 
     expected_str<FilePath> createTempFile(const FilePath &filePath) override;
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/deviceshell.cpp b/src/libs/utils/deviceshell.cpp
index abccaa1b56..69abc5ce4a 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/deviceshell.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/deviceshell.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "deviceshell.h"
 
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 #include "processinterface.h"
 #include "qtcassert.h"
 #include "utilstr.h"
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/dropsupport.cpp b/src/libs/utils/dropsupport.cpp
index 7416edf9c3..4ed1245643 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/dropsupport.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/dropsupport.cpp
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ bool DropSupport::eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event)
                     de->acceptProposedAction();
                 bool needToScheduleEmit = m_files.isEmpty();
                 m_files.append(tempFiles);
-                m_dropPos = de->pos();
+                m_dropPos = de->position().toPoint();
                 if (needToScheduleEmit) { // otherwise we already have a timer pending
                     // Delay the actual drop, to avoid conflict between
                     // actions that happen when opening files, and actions that the item views do
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ bool DropSupport::eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event)
                 accepted = true;
                 bool needToScheduleEmit = m_values.isEmpty();
                 m_values.append(fileDropMimeData->values());
-                m_dropPos = de->pos();
+                m_dropPos = de->position().toPoint();
                 if (needToScheduleEmit)
                     QTimer::singleShot(100, this, &DropSupport::emitValuesDropped);
             }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/environment.cpp b/src/libs/utils/environment.cpp
index be43f2a206..190cde2d2d 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/environment.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/environment.cpp
@@ -433,60 +433,82 @@ const NameValueDictionary &Environment::resolved() const
             m_dict = Environment::systemEnvironment().toDictionary();
             m_fullDict = true;
             break;
-        case SetFixedDictionary:
-            m_dict = std::get<SetFixedDictionary>(item);
-            m_fullDict = true;
+        case SetFixedDictionary: {
+            const auto dict = std::get_if<SetFixedDictionary>(&item);
+            if (QTC_GUARD(dict)) {
+                m_dict = *dict;
+                m_fullDict = true;
+            }
             break;
+        }
         case SetValue: {
-            auto [key, value, enabled] = std::get<SetValue>(item);
-            m_dict.set(key, value, enabled);
+            const auto setvalue = std::get_if<SetValue>(&item);
+            if (QTC_GUARD(setvalue)) {
+                auto [key, value, enabled] = *setvalue;
+                m_dict.set(key, value, enabled);
+            }
             break;
         }
         case SetFallbackValue: {
-            auto [key, value] = std::get<SetFallbackValue>(item);
-            if (m_fullDict) {
-                if (m_dict.value(key).isEmpty())
+            const auto fallbackvalue = std::get_if<SetFallbackValue>(&item);
+            if (QTC_GUARD(fallbackvalue)) {
+                auto [key, value] = *fallbackvalue;
+                if (m_fullDict) {
+                    if (m_dict.value(key).isEmpty())
+                        m_dict.set(key, value, true);
+                } else {
+                    QTC_ASSERT(false, qDebug() << "operating on partial dictionary");
                     m_dict.set(key, value, true);
-            } else {
-                QTC_ASSERT(false, qDebug() << "operating on partial dictionary");
-                m_dict.set(key, value, true);
+                }
             }
             break;
         }
-        case UnsetValue:
-            m_dict.unset(std::get<UnsetValue>(item));
+        case UnsetValue: {
+            const auto unsetvalue = std::get_if<UnsetValue>(&item);
+            if (QTC_GUARD(unsetvalue))
+                m_dict.unset(*unsetvalue);
             break;
+        }
         case PrependOrSet: {
-            auto [key, value, sep] = std::get<PrependOrSet>(item);
-            QTC_ASSERT(!key.contains('='), return m_dict);
-            const auto it = m_dict.findKey(key);
-            if (it == m_dict.m_values.end()) {
-                m_dict.m_values.insert(DictKey(key, m_dict.nameCaseSensitivity()), {value, true});
-            } else {
-                // Prepend unless it is already there
-                const QString toPrepend = value + pathListSeparator(sep);
-                if (!it.value().first.startsWith(toPrepend))
-                    it.value().first.prepend(toPrepend);
+            const auto prependorset = std::get_if<PrependOrSet>(&item);
+            if (QTC_GUARD(prependorset)) {
+                auto [key, value, sep] = *prependorset;
+                QTC_ASSERT(!key.contains('='), return m_dict);
+                const auto it = m_dict.findKey(key);
+                if (it == m_dict.m_values.end()) {
+                    m_dict.m_values.insert(DictKey(key, m_dict.nameCaseSensitivity()), {value, true});
+                } else {
+                    // Prepend unless it is already there
+                    const QString toPrepend = value + pathListSeparator(sep);
+                    if (!it.value().first.startsWith(toPrepend))
+                        it.value().first.prepend(toPrepend);
+                }
             }
             break;
         }
         case AppendOrSet: {
-            auto [key, value, sep] = std::get<AppendOrSet>(item);
-            QTC_ASSERT(!key.contains('='), return m_dict);
-            const auto it = m_dict.findKey(key);
-            if (it == m_dict.m_values.end()) {
-                m_dict.m_values.insert(DictKey(key, m_dict.nameCaseSensitivity()), {value, true});
-            } else {
-                // Prepend unless it is already there
-                const QString toAppend = pathListSeparator(sep) + value;
-                if (!it.value().first.endsWith(toAppend))
-                    it.value().first.append(toAppend);
+            const auto appendorset = std::get_if<AppendOrSet>(&item);
+            if (QTC_GUARD(appendorset)) {
+                auto [key, value, sep] = *appendorset;
+                QTC_ASSERT(!key.contains('='), return m_dict);
+                const auto it = m_dict.findKey(key);
+                if (it == m_dict.m_values.end()) {
+                    m_dict.m_values.insert(DictKey(key, m_dict.nameCaseSensitivity()), {value, true});
+                } else {
+                    // Prepend unless it is already there
+                    const QString toAppend = pathListSeparator(sep) + value;
+                    if (!it.value().first.endsWith(toAppend))
+                        it.value().first.append(toAppend);
+                }
             }
             break;
         }
         case Modify: {
-            EnvironmentItems items = std::get<Modify>(item);
-            m_dict.modify(items);
+            const auto modify = std::get_if<Modify>(&item);
+            if (QTC_GUARD(modify)) {
+                EnvironmentItems items = *modify;
+                m_dict.modify(items);
+            }
             break;
         }
         case SetupEnglishOutput:
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/environmentmodel.cpp b/src/libs/utils/environmentmodel.cpp
index 6ac9b35640..e81ee520d8 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/environmentmodel.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/environmentmodel.cpp
@@ -397,7 +397,8 @@ EnvironmentItems EnvironmentModel::userChanges() const
 void EnvironmentModel::setUserChanges(const EnvironmentItems &items)
 {
     EnvironmentItems filtered = Utils::filtered(items, [](const EnvironmentItem &i) {
-        return i.name != "export " && !i.name.contains('=');
+        return i.operation == EnvironmentItem::Comment
+                || (i.name != "export " && !i.name.contains('='));
     });
     // We assume nobody is reordering the items here.
     if (filtered == d->m_items)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/execmenu.cpp b/src/libs/utils/execmenu.cpp
index 13d7915295..4e463bdd6f 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/execmenu.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/execmenu.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ QAction *execMenuAtWidget(QMenu *menu, QWidget *widget)
 }
 
 /*!
-    Adds tool tips to the menu that show the actions tool tip when hovering over an entry.
+    Adds tool tips to the \a menu that show the action's tool tip when hovering
+    over an entry.
  */
 void addToolTipsToMenu(QMenu *menu)
 {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/expected.h b/src/libs/utils/expected.h
index 33231c1246..0e018eb8ab 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/expected.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/expected.h
@@ -30,3 +30,12 @@ using expected_str = tl::expected<T, QString>;
     } \
     do { \
     } while (0)
+
+#define QTC_CHECK_EXPECTED(expected) \
+    if (Q_LIKELY(expected)) { \
+    } else { \
+        ::Utils::writeAssertLocation( \
+            QString("%1:%2: %3").arg(__FILE__).arg(__LINE__).arg(expected.error()).toUtf8().data()); \
+    } \
+    do { \
+    } while (0)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/externalterminalprocessimpl.cpp b/src/libs/utils/externalterminalprocessimpl.cpp
index ca178d7bf9..693905bddc 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/externalterminalprocessimpl.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/externalterminalprocessimpl.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "externalterminalprocessimpl.h"
 
 #include "algorithm.h"
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 #include "terminalcommand.h"
 #include "utilstr.h"
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ expected_str<qint64> ProcessStubCreator::startStubProcess(const ProcessSetupData
         process->setProcessMode(ProcessMode::Writer);
     } else {
         QString extraArgsFromOptions = terminal.executeArgs;
-        CommandLine cmdLine = {terminal.command, {}};
+        CommandLine cmdLine{terminal.command};
         if (!extraArgsFromOptions.isEmpty())
             cmdLine.addArgs(extraArgsFromOptions, CommandLine::Raw);
         cmdLine.addCommandLineAsArgs(setupData.m_commandLine, CommandLine::Raw);
@@ -190,8 +190,6 @@ expected_str<qint64> ProcessStubCreator::startStubProcess(const ProcessSetupData
     process->setEnvironment(
         setupData.m_environment.appliedToEnvironment(Environment::systemEnvironment()));
 
-    process->setEnvironment(setupData.m_environment);
-
     process->start();
     process->waitForStarted();
     if (process->error() != QProcess::UnknownError) {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/fancylineedit.cpp b/src/libs/utils/fancylineedit.cpp
index 44a9423608..69d7209c3a 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/fancylineedit.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/fancylineedit.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "camelcasecursor.h"
 #include "execmenu.h"
+#include "futuresynchronizer.h"
 #include "historycompleter.h"
 #include "hostosinfo.h"
 #include "icon.h"
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ class FancyLineEditPrivate : public QObject
 {
 public:
     explicit FancyLineEditPrivate(FancyLineEdit *parent);
+    ~FancyLineEditPrivate();
 
     bool eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event) override;
 
@@ -134,8 +136,8 @@ FancyLineEditPrivate::FancyLineEditPrivate(FancyLineEdit *parent)
     : QObject(parent)
     , m_lineEdit(parent)
     , m_completionShortcut(completionShortcut()->key(), parent)
-    , m_okTextColor(creatorTheme()->color(Theme::TextColorNormal))
-    , m_errorTextColor(creatorTheme()->color(Theme::TextColorError))
+    , m_okTextColor(creatorColor(Theme::TextColorNormal))
+    , m_errorTextColor(creatorColor(Theme::TextColorError))
     , m_placeholderTextColor(QApplication::palette().color(QPalette::PlaceholderText))
     , m_spinner(new SpinnerSolution::Spinner(SpinnerSolution::SpinnerSize::Small, m_lineEdit))
 {
@@ -163,6 +165,12 @@ FancyLineEditPrivate::FancyLineEditPrivate(FancyLineEdit *parent)
     }
 }
 
+FancyLineEditPrivate::~FancyLineEditPrivate()
+{
+    if (m_validatorWatcher)
+        m_validatorWatcher->cancel();
+}
+
 bool FancyLineEditPrivate::eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *event)
 {
     int buttonIndex = -1;
@@ -446,12 +454,27 @@ void FancyLineEdit::setFiltering(bool on)
     }
 }
 
+/*!
+    Set a synchronous or asynchronous validation function \a fn.
+    Asynchronous validation functions can continue to run after destruction of the
+    FancyLineEdit instance. During shutdown asynchronous validation functions can continue
+    to run until before the plugin instances are deleted (at that point the plugin manager
+    waits for them to finish before continuing).
+
+    \sa defaultValidationFunction()
+ */
 void FancyLineEdit::setValidationFunction(const FancyLineEdit::ValidationFunction &fn)
 {
     d->m_validationFunction = fn;
     validate();
 }
 
+/*!
+    Returns the default validation function, which synchonously executes the line edit's
+    validator.
+
+    \sa setValidationFunction()
+*/
 FancyLineEdit::ValidationFunction FancyLineEdit::defaultValidationFunction()
 {
     return &FancyLineEdit::validateWithValidator;
@@ -581,6 +604,7 @@ void FancyLineEdit::validate()
 
         AsyncValidationFuture future = validationFunction(text());
         d->m_validatorWatcher->setFuture(future);
+        Utils::futureSynchronizer()->addFuture(future);
 
         return;
     }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/filepath.cpp b/src/libs/utils/filepath.cpp
index 562f3247bd..c4d77a29ef 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/filepath.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/filepath.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,11 @@
 #include <QFileInfo>
 #include <QRegularExpression>
 #include <QStringView>
+#include <QTemporaryFile>
 #include <QUrl>
+
+#include <QtConcurrent>
 #include <QtGlobal>
-#include <QTemporaryFile>
 
 #ifdef Q_OS_WIN
 #ifdef QTCREATOR_PCH_H
@@ -291,6 +293,26 @@ QString FilePath::toString() const
     return scheme() + "://" + encodedHost() + pathView();
 }
 
+bool FilePath::equals(const FilePath &first, const FilePath &second, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs)
+{
+    if (first.m_hash != 0 && second.m_hash != 0 && first.m_hash != second.m_hash)
+        return false;
+
+    return first.pathView().compare(second.pathView(), cs) == 0
+           && first.host() == second.host()
+           && first.scheme() == second.scheme();
+}
+
+/*!
+ * Returns true if the two file paths compare equal case-sensitively.
+ * This is relevant on semi-case sensitive systems like Windows with NTFS.
+ * @see QTCREATORBUG-30846
+ */
+bool FilePath::equalsCaseSensitive(const FilePath &other) const
+{
+    return equals(*this, other, Qt::CaseSensitive);
+}
+
 /*!
     Returns a QString for passing on to QString based APIs.
 
@@ -655,9 +677,9 @@ bool FilePath::ensureReachable(const FilePath &other) const
     return false;
 }
 
-expected_str<qint64> FilePath::writeFileContents(const QByteArray &data, qint64 offset) const
+expected_str<qint64> FilePath::writeFileContents(const QByteArray &data) const
 {
-    return fileAccess()->writeFileContents(*this, data, offset);
+    return fileAccess()->writeFileContents(*this, data);
 }
 
 FileStreamHandle FilePath::asyncCopy(const FilePath &target, QObject *context,
@@ -1228,6 +1250,9 @@ FilePathInfo FilePath::filePathInfo() const
 */
 bool FilePath::exists() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1240,6 +1265,9 @@ bool FilePath::exists() const
 */
 bool FilePath::isExecutableFile() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1252,6 +1280,9 @@ bool FilePath::isExecutableFile() const
 */
 bool FilePath::isWritableDir() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1264,6 +1295,9 @@ bool FilePath::isWritableDir() const
 */
 bool FilePath::isWritableFile() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1271,9 +1305,11 @@ bool FilePath::isWritableFile() const
     return (*access)->isWritableFile(*this);
 }
 
-
 bool FilePath::isReadableFile() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1283,6 +1319,9 @@ bool FilePath::isReadableFile() const
 
 bool FilePath::isReadableDir() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1292,6 +1331,9 @@ bool FilePath::isReadableDir() const
 
 bool FilePath::isFile() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1301,6 +1343,9 @@ bool FilePath::isFile() const
 
 bool FilePath::isDir() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1310,6 +1355,9 @@ bool FilePath::isDir() const
 
 bool FilePath::isSymLink() const
 {
+    if (isEmpty())
+        return false;
+
     const expected_str<DeviceFileAccess *> access = getFileAccess(*this);
     if (!access)
         return false;
@@ -1365,7 +1413,7 @@ FilePath FilePath::fromUtf8(const char *filename, int filenameSize)
 
 FilePath FilePath::fromSettings(const QVariant &variant)
 {
-    if (variant.type() == QVariant::Url) {
+    if (variant.typeId() == QMetaType::QUrl) {
         const QUrl url = variant.toUrl();
         return FilePath::fromParts(url.scheme(), url.host(), url.path());
     }
@@ -1497,21 +1545,28 @@ FilePath FilePath::relativePathFrom(const FilePath &anchor) const
 
     FilePath absPath;
     QString filename;
-    if (isFile()) {
+
+    const QList<FilePathInfo> infos
+        = QtConcurrent::blockingMapped(QList<FilePath>{*this, anchor}, [](const FilePath &path) {
+              return path.filePathInfo();
+          });
+
+    if (infos.first().fileFlags.testFlag(FilePathInfo::FileFlag::FileType)) {
         absPath = absolutePath();
         filename = fileName();
-    } else if (isDir()) {
+    } else if (infos.first().fileFlags.testFlag(FilePathInfo::FileFlag::DirectoryType)) {
         absPath = absoluteFilePath();
     } else {
         return {};
     }
     FilePath absoluteAnchorPath;
-    if (anchor.isFile())
+    if (infos.last().fileFlags.testFlag(FilePathInfo::FileFlag::FileType))
         absoluteAnchorPath = anchor.absolutePath();
-    else if (anchor.isDir())
+    else if (infos.last().fileFlags.testFlag(FilePathInfo::FileFlag::DirectoryType))
         absoluteAnchorPath = anchor.absoluteFilePath();
     else
         return {};
+
     QString relativeFilePath = calcRelativePath(absPath.pathView(), absoluteAnchorPath.pathView());
     if (!filename.isEmpty()) {
         if (relativeFilePath == ".")
@@ -2319,12 +2374,7 @@ DeviceFileHooks &DeviceFileHooks::instance()
 
 QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT bool operator==(const FilePath &first, const FilePath &second)
 {
-    if (first.m_hash != 0 && second.m_hash != 0 && first.m_hash != second.m_hash)
-        return false;
-
-    return first.pathView().compare(second.pathView(), first.caseSensitivity()) == 0
-        && first.host() == second.host()
-        && first.scheme() == second.scheme();
+    return FilePath::equals(first, second, first.caseSensitivity());
 }
 
 QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT bool operator!=(const FilePath &first, const FilePath &second)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/filepath.h b/src/libs/utils/filepath.h
index 2b1eb14069..e742bf1a0d 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/filepath.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/filepath.h
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public:
     FilePaths dirEntries(const FileFilter &filter, QDir::SortFlags sort = QDir::NoSort) const;
     FilePaths dirEntries(QDir::Filters filters) const;
     expected_str<QByteArray> fileContents(qint64 maxSize = -1, qint64 offset = 0) const;
-    expected_str<qint64> writeFileContents(const QByteArray &data, qint64 offset = 0) const;
+    expected_str<qint64> writeFileContents(const QByteArray &data) const;
     FilePathInfo filePathInfo() const;
 
     [[nodiscard]] FilePath operator/(const QString &str) const;
@@ -268,6 +268,8 @@ public:
     // FIXME: Avoid. See toSettings, toVariant, toUserOutput, toFSPathString, path, nativePath.
     QString toString() const;
 
+    bool equalsCaseSensitive(const FilePath &other) const;
+
 private:
     // These are needed.
     QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT friend bool operator==(const FilePath &first, const FilePath &second);
@@ -282,6 +284,8 @@ private:
 
     QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT friend QDebug operator<<(QDebug dbg, const FilePath &c);
 
+    static bool equals(const FilePath &first, const FilePath &second, Qt::CaseSensitivity cs);
+
     // Implementation details. May change.
     friend class ::tst_fileutils;
     void setPath(QStringView path);
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/filestreamer.cpp b/src/libs/utils/filestreamer.cpp
index 2fd4007924..663f505b88 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/filestreamer.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/filestreamer.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "filestreamer.h"
 
 #include "async.h"
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 
 #include <solutions/tasking/barrier.h>
 #include <solutions/tasking/tasktreerunner.h>
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/fileutils.cpp b/src/libs/utils/fileutils.cpp
index b3649a457d..d82353e246 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/fileutils.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/fileutils.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include "savefile.h"
 
 #include "algorithm.h"
-#include "devicefileaccess.h"
 #include "environment.h"
 #include "qtcassert.h"
 #include "utilstr.h"
@@ -24,6 +23,8 @@
 #include <qplatformdefs.h>
 
 #ifdef QT_GUI_LIB
+#include "guiutils.h"
+
 #include <QMessageBox>
 #include <QGuiApplication>
 #endif
@@ -414,18 +415,6 @@ void withNtfsPermissions(const std::function<void()> &task)
 
 #ifdef QT_WIDGETS_LIB
 
-static std::function<QWidget *()> s_dialogParentGetter;
-
-void FileUtils::setDialogParentGetter(const std::function<QWidget *()> &getter)
-{
-    s_dialogParentGetter = getter;
-}
-
-static QWidget *dialogParent(QWidget *parent)
-{
-    return parent ? parent : s_dialogParentGetter ? s_dialogParentGetter() : nullptr;
-}
-
 static QUrl filePathToQUrl(const FilePath &filePath)
 {
     return QUrl::fromLocalFile(filePath.toFSPathString());
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/fileutils.h b/src/libs/utils/fileutils.h
index b20f7568db..bdf7a7e3ba 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/fileutils.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/fileutils.h
@@ -89,8 +89,6 @@ public:
     static FilePaths usefulExtraSearchPaths();
 
 #ifdef QT_WIDGETS_LIB
-    static void setDialogParentGetter(const std::function<QWidget *()> &getter);
-
     static bool hasNativeFileDialog();
 
     static FilePath getOpenFilePath(QWidget *parent,
@@ -236,7 +234,5 @@ private:
 
 QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QTextStream &operator<<(QTextStream &s, const FilePath &fn);
 
-bool isRelativePathHelper(const QString &path, OsType osType);
-
 } // namespace Utils
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsengine_impl.cpp b/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsengine_impl.cpp
index 44a53289d6..295f0cac74 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsengine_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsengine_impl.cpp
@@ -35,11 +35,7 @@ FSEngineImpl::~FSEngineImpl()
     delete m_tempStorage;
 }
 
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 3, 0)
 bool FSEngineImpl::open(QIODeviceBase::OpenMode openMode, std::optional<QFile::Permissions>)
-#else
-bool FSEngineImpl::open(QIODevice::OpenMode openMode)
-#endif
 {
     const FilePathInfoCache::CachedData data = g_filePathInfoCache.cached(m_filePath,
                                                                           createCacheData);
@@ -162,12 +158,8 @@ bool FSEngineImpl::link(const QString &newName)
     return false;
 }
 
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 3, 0)
 bool FSEngineImpl::mkdir(const QString &dirName, bool createParentDirectories,
                          std::optional<QFile::Permissions>) const
-#else
-bool FSEngineImpl::mkdir(const QString &dirName, bool createParentDirectories) const
-#endif
 {
     Q_UNUSED(createParentDirectories)
     return FilePath::fromString(dirName).createDir();
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsengine_impl.h b/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsengine_impl.h
index 7a68119c83..1a49f77cd2 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsengine_impl.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsengine_impl.h
@@ -20,15 +20,10 @@ public:
     ~FSEngineImpl();
 
 public:
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 3, 0)
     bool open(QIODeviceBase::OpenMode openMode,
               std::optional<QFile::Permissions> permissions = std::nullopt) override;
     bool mkdir(const QString &dirName, bool createParentDirectories,
               std::optional<QFile::Permissions> permissions = std::nullopt) const override;
-#else
-    bool open(QIODevice::OpenMode openMode) override;
-    bool mkdir(const QString &dirName, bool createParentDirectories) const override;
-#endif
     bool close() override;
     bool flush() override;
     bool syncToDisk() override;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsenginehandler.cpp b/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsenginehandler.cpp
index 29fe759a86..d6751d8b6a 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsenginehandler.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/fsengine/fsenginehandler.cpp
@@ -3,17 +3,42 @@
 
 #include "fsenginehandler.h"
 
+#include "fileiteratordevicesappender.h"
 #include "fixedlistfsengine.h"
-#include "fsengine_impl.h"
-#include "rootinjectfsengine.h"
-
 #include "fsengine.h"
+#include "fsengine_impl.h"
 
 #include "../algorithm.h"
 #include "../hostosinfo.h"
 
+#include <QtCore/private/qfsfileengine_p.h>
+
 namespace Utils::Internal {
 
+class RootInjectFSEngine final : public QFSFileEngine
+{
+public:
+    using QFSFileEngine::QFSFileEngine;
+
+public:
+#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 8, 0)
+    IteratorUniquePtr beginEntryList(const QString &path,
+                                     QDir::Filters filters,
+                                     const QStringList &filterNames) override
+    {
+        return std::make_unique<FileIteratorWrapper>(
+            QFSFileEngine::beginEntryList(path, filters, filterNames));
+    }
+#else
+    Iterator *beginEntryList(QDir::Filters filters, const QStringList &filterNames) override
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<QAbstractFileEngineIterator> baseIterator(
+            QFSFileEngine::beginEntryList(filters, filterNames));
+        return new FileIteratorWrapper(std::move(baseIterator));
+    }
+#endif
+};
+
 static FilePath removeDoubleSlash(const QString &fileName)
 {
     // Reduce every two or more slashes to a single slash.
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/fsengine/rootinjectfsengine.h b/src/libs/utils/fsengine/rootinjectfsengine.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9eb6a8a832..0000000000
--- a/src/libs/utils/fsengine/rootinjectfsengine.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2022 The Qt Company Ltd.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "fileiteratordevicesappender.h"
-
-#include <QtCore/private/qfsfileengine_p.h>
-
-namespace Utils {
-namespace Internal {
-
-class RootInjectFSEngine : public QFSFileEngine
-{
-public:
-    using QFSFileEngine::QFSFileEngine;
-
-public:
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 8, 0)
-    IteratorUniquePtr beginEntryList(const QString &path,
-                                     QDir::Filters filters,
-                                     const QStringList &filterNames) override
-    {
-        return std::make_unique<FileIteratorWrapper>(
-            QFSFileEngine::beginEntryList(path, filters, filterNames));
-    }
-#else
-    Iterator *beginEntryList(QDir::Filters filters, const QStringList &filterNames) override
-    {
-        std::unique_ptr<QAbstractFileEngineIterator> baseIterator(
-            QFSFileEngine::beginEntryList(filters, filterNames));
-        return new FileIteratorWrapper(std::move(baseIterator));
-    }
-#endif
-};
-
-} // namespace Internal
-} // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/futuresynchronizer.cpp b/src/libs/utils/futuresynchronizer.cpp
index da3347f35e..912de677b9 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/futuresynchronizer.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/futuresynchronizer.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 
 #include "futuresynchronizer.h"
 
+#include "qtcassert.h"
+#include "threadutils.h"
+
 /*!
   \class Utils::FutureSynchronizer
   \inmodule QtCreator
@@ -62,4 +65,18 @@ void FutureSynchronizer::flushFinishedFutures()
     m_futures = newFutures;
 }
 
+Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(FutureSynchronizer, s_futureSynchronizer);
+
+/*!
+    Returns a global FutureSynchronizer.
+    The application should cancel and wait for the tasks in this synchronizer before actually
+    unloading any libraries. This is for example done by the plugin manager in Qt Creator.
+    May only be accessed by the main thread.
+*/
+FutureSynchronizer *futureSynchronizer()
+{
+    QTC_ASSERT(isMainThread(), return nullptr);
+    return s_futureSynchronizer;
+}
+
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/futuresynchronizer.h b/src/libs/utils/futuresynchronizer.h
index 29b1f5e456..83391dbc72 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/futuresynchronizer.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/futuresynchronizer.h
@@ -42,4 +42,6 @@ private:
     bool m_cancelOnWait = true;
 };
 
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT FutureSynchronizer *futureSynchronizer();
+
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/guiutils.cpp b/src/libs/utils/guiutils.cpp
index 17cc905300..d7d9cb5f84 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/guiutils.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/guiutils.cpp
@@ -46,4 +46,16 @@ void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT setWheelScrollingWithoutFocusBlocked(QWidget *widget
         widget->setFocusPolicy(Qt::StrongFocus);
 }
 
+static QWidget *(*s_dialogParentGetter)() = nullptr;
+
+void setDialogParentGetter(QWidget *(*getter)())
+{
+    s_dialogParentGetter = getter;
+}
+
+QWidget *dialogParent(QWidget *parent)
+{
+    return parent ? parent : s_dialogParentGetter ? s_dialogParentGetter() : nullptr;
+}
+
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/guiutils.h b/src/libs/utils/guiutils.h
index 8316377718..fea37f98f3 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/guiutils.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/guiutils.h
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ class QWidget;
 
 namespace Utils {
 
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT setWheelScrollingWithoutFocusBlocked(QWidget *widget);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void setWheelScrollingWithoutFocusBlocked(QWidget *widget);
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QWidget *dialogParent(QWidget *parent);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void setDialogParentGetter(QWidget *(*getter)());
 
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/highlightingitemdelegate.cpp b/src/libs/utils/highlightingitemdelegate.cpp
index 7fe0507311..9ad7abb01a 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/highlightingitemdelegate.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/highlightingitemdelegate.cpp
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ int HighlightingItemDelegate::drawLineNumber(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOpti
         return 0;
     const bool isSelected = option.state & QStyle::State_Selected;
     const QString lineText = QString::number(lineNumber);
-    const int minimumLineNumberDigits = qMax(kMinimumLineNumberDigits, lineText.count());
+    const int minimumLineNumberDigits = qMax(kMinimumLineNumberDigits, lineText.size());
     const int fontWidth =
         painter->fontMetrics().horizontalAdvance(QString(minimumLineNumberDigits, '0'));
     const int lineNumberAreaWidth = lineNumberAreaHorizontalPadding + fontWidth
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/historycompleter.cpp b/src/libs/utils/historycompleter.cpp
index 8eff3fdad8..8dc9ec3887 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/historycompleter.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/historycompleter.cpp
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ public:
             optCopy.state |= QStyle::State_HasFocus;
         QItemDelegate::paint(painter,option,index);
         // add remove button
-        QWindow *window = view->window()->windowHandle();
-        const QPixmap iconPixmap = icon.pixmap(window, option.rect.size());
+        const qreal devicePixelRatio = painter->device()->devicePixelRatio();
+        const QPixmap iconPixmap = icon.pixmap(option.rect.size(), devicePixelRatio);
         QRect pixmapRect = QStyle::alignedRect(option.direction,
                                                Qt::AlignRight | Qt::AlignVCenter,
-                                               iconPixmap.size() / window->devicePixelRatio(),
+                                               iconPixmap.size() / devicePixelRatio,
                                                option.rect);
         if (!clearIconSize.isValid())
             clearIconSize = pixmapRect.size();
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/hostosinfo.cpp b/src/libs/utils/hostosinfo.cpp
index d8361266f0..717dc900cd 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/hostosinfo.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/hostosinfo.cpp
@@ -29,36 +29,10 @@ namespace Utils {
 Qt::CaseSensitivity HostOsInfo::m_overrideFileNameCaseSensitivity = Qt::CaseSensitive;
 bool HostOsInfo::m_useOverrideFileNameCaseSensitivity = false;
 
-#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
-static WORD hostProcessorArchitecture()
-{
-    SYSTEM_INFO info;
-    GetNativeSystemInfo(&info);
-    return info.wProcessorArchitecture;
-}
-#endif
-
-HostOsInfo::HostArchitecture HostOsInfo::hostArchitecture()
+OsArch HostOsInfo::hostArchitecture()
 {
-#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
-    static const WORD processorArchitecture = hostProcessorArchitecture();
-    switch (processorArchitecture) {
-    case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64:
-        return HostOsInfo::HostArchitectureAMD64;
-    case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL:
-        return HostOsInfo::HostArchitectureX86;
-    case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64:
-        return HostOsInfo::HostArchitectureItanium;
-    case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM:
-        return HostOsInfo::HostArchitectureArm;
-    case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64:
-        return HostOsInfo::HostArchitectureArm64;
-    default:
-        return HostOsInfo::HostArchitectureUnknown;
-    }
-#else
-    return HostOsInfo::HostArchitectureUnknown;
-#endif
+    static const OsArch arch = osArchFromString(QSysInfo::currentCpuArchitecture());
+    return arch;
 }
 
 bool HostOsInfo::isRunningUnderRosetta()
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/hostosinfo.h b/src/libs/utils/hostosinfo.h
index 44880f7885..fa153f24d5 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/hostosinfo.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/hostosinfo.h
@@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ public:
 #endif
     }
 
-    enum HostArchitecture { HostArchitectureX86, HostArchitectureAMD64, HostArchitectureItanium,
-                            HostArchitectureArm, HostArchitectureArm64, HostArchitectureUnknown };
-    static HostArchitecture hostArchitecture();
+    static OsArch hostArchitecture();
 
     static constexpr bool isWindowsHost() { return hostOs() == OsTypeWindows; }
     static constexpr bool isLinuxHost() { return hostOs() == OsTypeLinux; }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/icon.cpp b/src/libs/utils/icon.cpp
index 5bd862c8f1..06570e6505 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/icon.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/icon.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static MasksAndColors masksAndColors(const QList<IconMaskAndColor> &icon, int dp
     MasksAndColors result;
     for (const IconMaskAndColor &i: icon) {
         const QString &fileName = i.first.toString();
-        const QColor color = creatorTheme()->color(i.second);
+        const QColor color = creatorColor(i.second);
         const QString dprFileName = StyleHelper::availableImageResolutions(i.first.toString())
                                             .contains(dpr)
                                         ? StyleHelper::imageFileWithResolution(fileName, dpr)
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ QIcon Icon::icon() const
         const QPixmap combinedMask = Utils::combinedMask(masks, m_style);
         m_lastIcon.addPixmap(masksToIcon(masks, combinedMask, m_style));
 
-        const QColor disabledColor = creatorTheme()->color(Theme::IconsDisabledColor);
+        const QColor disabledColor = creatorColor(Theme::IconsDisabledColor);
         m_lastIcon.addPixmap(maskToColorAndAlpha(combinedMask, disabledColor), QIcon::Disabled);
     }
     return m_lastIcon;
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ QPixmap Icon::pixmap(QIcon::Mode iconMode) const
                 masksAndColors(m_iconSourceList, qRound(qApp->devicePixelRatio()));
         const QPixmap combinedMask = Utils::combinedMask(masks, m_style);
         return iconMode == QIcon::Disabled
-                ? maskToColorAndAlpha(combinedMask, creatorTheme()->color(Theme::IconsDisabledColor))
+                ? maskToColorAndAlpha(combinedMask, creatorColor(Theme::IconsDisabledColor))
                 : masksToIcon(masks, combinedMask, m_style);
     }
 }
@@ -210,22 +210,21 @@ QIcon Icon::sideBarIcon(const Icon &classic, const Icon &flat)
     return result;
 }
 
-QIcon Icon::modeIcon(const Icon &classic, const Icon &flat, const Icon &flatActive)
+QIcon Icon::modeIcon(const Icon &classic, const Icon &flat,
+                     [[__maybe_unused__]] const Icon &flatActive)
 {
     QIcon result = sideBarIcon(classic, flat);
-    if (creatorTheme()->flag(Theme::FlatSideBarIcons))
-        result.addPixmap(flatActive.pixmap(), QIcon::Active);
     return result;
 }
 
 QIcon Icon::combinedIcon(const QList<QIcon> &icons)
 {
     QIcon result;
-    QWindow *window = QApplication::allWidgets().constFirst()->windowHandle();
+    const qreal devicePixelRatio = QApplication::allWidgets().constFirst()->devicePixelRatio();
     for (const QIcon &icon: icons)
         for (const QIcon::Mode mode: {QIcon::Disabled, QIcon::Normal})
             for (const QSize &size: icon.availableSizes(mode))
-                result.addPixmap(icon.pixmap(window, size, mode), mode);
+                result.addPixmap(icon.pixmap(size, devicePixelRatio, mode), mode);
     return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/iconbutton.cpp b/src/libs/utils/iconbutton.cpp
index 746cf0ecb1..3be368c43b 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/iconbutton.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/iconbutton.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ void IconButton::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e)
     QRect r(QPoint(), size());
 
     if (m_containsMouse && isEnabled()) {
-        QColor c = creatorTheme()->color(Theme::TextColorDisabled);
+        QColor c = creatorColor(Theme::TextColorDisabled);
         c.setAlphaF(c.alphaF() * .5);
         StyleHelper::drawPanelBgRect(&p, r, c);
     }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/images/debugger_overlay_small.png b/src/libs/utils/images/debugger_overlay_small.png
index 809bf34732..440d2b59d2 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/images/debugger_overlay_small.png
+++ b/src/libs/utils/images/debugger_overlay_small.png
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/images/debugger_overlay_small@2x.png b/src/libs/utils/images/debugger_overlay_small@2x.png
index c24c861cbb..40ea20ed47 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/images/debugger_overlay_small@2x.png
+++ b/src/libs/utils/images/debugger_overlay_small@2x.png
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/infobar.cpp b/src/libs/utils/infobar.cpp
index bd6429a762..dc5fb4878d 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/infobar.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/infobar.cpp
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ void InfoBarWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
 {
     QWidget::paintEvent(event);
     QPainter p(this);
-    p.fillRect(rect(), creatorTheme()->color(Theme::InfoBarBackground));
+    p.fillRect(rect(), creatorColor(Theme::InfoBarBackground));
     const QRectF adjustedRect = QRectF(rect()).adjusted(0.5, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5);
     const bool topEdge = m_edge == Qt::TopEdge;
-    p.setPen(creatorTheme()->color(Theme::FancyToolBarSeparatorColor));
+    p.setPen(creatorColor(Theme::FancyToolBarSeparatorColor));
     p.drawLine(QLineF(topEdge ? adjustedRect.bottomLeft() : adjustedRect.topLeft(),
                       topEdge ? adjustedRect.bottomRight() : adjustedRect.topRight()));
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/infolabel.cpp b/src/libs/utils/infolabel.cpp
index dbc762d9fe..e05c093ca5 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/infolabel.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/infolabel.cpp
@@ -114,14 +114,13 @@ void InfoLabel::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
     if (m_filled && isEnabled()) {
         p.save();
         p.setOpacity(0.175);
-        p.fillRect(rect(), creatorTheme()->color(fillColorForType(m_type)));
+        p.fillRect(rect(), creatorColor(fillColorForType(m_type)));
         p.restore();
     }
     const QIcon &icon = iconForType(m_type);
-    QWindow *window = this->window()->windowHandle();
     const QIcon::Mode mode = !this->isEnabled() ? QIcon::Disabled : QIcon::Normal;
     const QPixmap iconPx =
-            icon.pixmap(window, QSize(iconSize, iconSize) * devicePixelRatio(), mode);
+            icon.pixmap(QSize(iconSize, iconSize) * devicePixelRatio(), devicePixelRatio(), mode);
     p.drawPixmap(iconRect, iconPx);
     ElidingLabel::paintEvent(event);
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/launcherpackets.cpp b/src/libs/utils/launcherpackets.cpp
index 37261224ef..a770e8865d 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/launcherpackets.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/launcherpackets.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ void StartProcessPacket::doSerialize(QDataStream &stream) const
            << unixTerminalDisabled
            << useCtrlCStub
            << reaperTimeout
-           << createConsoleOnWindows;
+           << createConsoleOnWindows
+           << forceDefaultErrorMode;
 }
 
 void StartProcessPacket::doDeserialize(QDataStream &stream)
@@ -70,7 +71,8 @@ void StartProcessPacket::doDeserialize(QDataStream &stream)
            >> unixTerminalDisabled
            >> useCtrlCStub
            >> reaperTimeout
-           >> createConsoleOnWindows;
+           >> createConsoleOnWindows
+           >> forceDefaultErrorMode;
     processMode = Utils::ProcessMode(processModeInt);
     processChannelMode = QProcess::ProcessChannelMode(processChannelModeInt);
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/launcherpackets.h b/src/libs/utils/launcherpackets.h
index 27e98a74e5..d00169c1f6 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/launcherpackets.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/launcherpackets.h
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ public:
     bool useCtrlCStub = false;
     int reaperTimeout = 500;
     bool createConsoleOnWindows = false;
+    bool forceDefaultErrorMode = false;
 
 private:
     void doSerialize(QDataStream &stream) const override;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/launchersocket.cpp b/src/libs/utils/launchersocket.cpp
index 23b7d39fcd..61796a2bb3 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/launchersocket.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/launchersocket.cpp
@@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ void CallerHandle::start(const QString &program, const QStringList &arguments)
     p.useCtrlCStub = m_setup->m_useCtrlCStub;
     p.reaperTimeout = m_setup->m_reaperTimeout.count();
     p.createConsoleOnWindows = m_setup->m_createConsoleOnWindows;
+    p.forceDefaultErrorMode = m_setup->m_forceDefaultErrorMode;
     sendPacket(p);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/layoutbuilder.cpp b/src/libs/utils/layoutbuilder.cpp
index 31c67e4d0f..6f33e4f5ca 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/layoutbuilder.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/layoutbuilder.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #include "layoutbuilder.h"
 
-#include <QApplication>
 #include <QDebug>
 #include <QFormLayout>
 #include <QGridLayout>
@@ -29,10 +28,23 @@ namespace Layouting {
 #define QTC_ASSERT(cond, action) if (Q_LIKELY(cond)) {} else { QTC_STRING(#cond); action; } do {} while (0)
 #define QTC_CHECK(cond) if (cond) {} else { QTC_STRING(#cond); } do {} while (0)
 
-class FlowLayout final : public QLayout
+template <typename X>
+typename X::Implementation *access(const X *x)
 {
-    Q_OBJECT
+    return static_cast<typename X::Implementation *>(x->ptr);
+}
+
+template <typename X>
+void apply(X *x, std::initializer_list<typename X::I> ps)
+{
+    for (auto && p : ps)
+        p.apply(x);
+}
+
+// FlowLayout
 
+class FlowLayout : public QLayout
+{
 public:
     explicit FlowLayout(QWidget *parent, int margin = -1, int hSpacing = -1, int vSpacing = -1)
         : QLayout(parent), m_hSpace(hSpacing), m_vSpace(vSpacing)
@@ -181,29 +193,56 @@ private:
     \namespace Layouting
     \inmodule QtCreator
 
-    \brief The Layouting namespace contains classes for use with layout builders.
+    \brief The Layouting namespace contains classes and functions to conveniently
+    create layouts in code.
+
+    Classes in the namespace help to create create QLayout or QWidget derived class,
+    instances should be used locally within a function and never stored.
+
+    \sa Layouting::Widget, Layouting::Layout
 */
 
 
 /*!
-    \class Layouting::LayoutItem
+    \class Layouting::Layout
     \inmodule QtCreator
 
-    \brief The LayoutItem class represents widgets, layouts, and aggregate
-    items for use in conjunction with layout builders.
+    The Layout class is a base class for more specific builder
+    classes to create QLayout derived objects.
+ */
 
-    Layout items are typically implicitly constructed when adding items to a
-    \c LayoutBuilder instance using \c LayoutBuilder::addItem() or
-    \c LayoutBuilder::addItems() and never stored in user code.
+/*!
+    \class Layouting::Widget
+    \inmodule QtCreator
+
+    The Widget class is a base class for more specific builder
+    classes to create QWidget derived objects.
 */
 
 /*!
-    Constructs a layout item instance representing an empty cell.
- */
+    \class Layouting::LayoutItem
+    \inmodule QtCreator
+
+    The LayoutItem class is used for intermediate results
+    while creating layouts with a concept of rows and spans, such
+    as Form and Grid.
+*/
+
 LayoutItem::LayoutItem() = default;
 
 LayoutItem::~LayoutItem() = default;
 
+LayoutItem::LayoutItem(QLayout *l)
+    : layout(l), empty(!l)
+{}
+
+LayoutItem::LayoutItem(QWidget *w)
+    : widget(w), empty(!w)
+{}
+
+LayoutItem::LayoutItem(const QString &t)
+    : text(t), empty(t.isEmpty())
+{}
 
 /*!
     \fn  template <class T> LayoutItem(const T &t)
@@ -217,44 +256,15 @@ LayoutItem::~LayoutItem() = default;
     \li  \c {QWidget *}
     \li  \c {QLayout *}
     \endlist
- */
-
-struct ResultItem
-{
-    ResultItem() = default;
-    explicit ResultItem(QLayout *l) : layout(l), empty(!l) {}
-    explicit ResultItem(QWidget *w) : widget(w), empty(!w) {}
+*/
 
-    QString text;
-    QLayout *layout = nullptr;
-    QWidget *widget = nullptr;
-    int space = -1;
-    int stretch = -1;
-    int span = 1;
-    bool empty = false;
-};
+// Object
 
-struct Slice
+Object::Object(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    Slice() = default;
-    Slice(QLayout *l) : layout(l) {}
-    Slice(QWidget *w, bool isLayouting=false) : widget(w), isLayouting(isLayouting) {}
-
-    QLayout *layout = nullptr;
-    QWidget *widget = nullptr;
-
-    void flush();
-
-    // Grid-specific
-    int currentGridColumn = 0;
-    int currentGridRow = 0;
-    bool isFormAlignment = false;
-    bool isLayouting = false;
-    Qt::Alignment align = {}; // Can be changed to
-
-    // Grid or Form
-    QList<ResultItem> pendingItems;
-};
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
+}
 
 static QWidget *widgetForItem(QLayoutItem *item)
 {
@@ -262,12 +272,11 @@ static QWidget *widgetForItem(QLayoutItem *item)
         return w;
     if (item->spacerItem())
         return nullptr;
-    QLayout *l = item->layout();
-    if (!l)
-        return nullptr;
-    for (int i = 0, n = l->count(); i < n; ++i) {
-        if (QWidget *w = widgetForItem(l->itemAt(i)))
-            return w;
+    if (QLayout *l = item->layout()) {
+        for (int i = 0, n = l->count(); i < n; ++i) {
+            if (QWidget *w = widgetForItem(l->itemAt(i)))
+                return w;
+        }
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
@@ -279,7 +288,7 @@ static QLabel *createLabel(const QString &text)
     return label;
 }
 
-static void addItemToBoxLayout(QBoxLayout *layout, const ResultItem &item)
+static void addItemToBoxLayout(QBoxLayout *layout, const LayoutItem &item)
 {
     if (QWidget *w = item.widget) {
         layout->addWidget(w);
@@ -287,8 +296,6 @@ static void addItemToBoxLayout(QBoxLayout *layout, const ResultItem &item)
         layout->addLayout(l);
     } else if (item.stretch != -1) {
         layout->addStretch(item.stretch);
-    } else if (item.space != -1) {
-        layout->addSpacing(item.space);
     } else if (!item.text.isEmpty()) {
         layout->addWidget(createLabel(item.text));
     } else if (item.empty) {
@@ -298,7 +305,7 @@ static void addItemToBoxLayout(QBoxLayout *layout, const ResultItem &item)
     }
 }
 
-static void addItemToFlowLayout(FlowLayout *layout, const ResultItem &item)
+static void addItemToFlowLayout(FlowLayout *layout, const LayoutItem &item)
 {
     if (QWidget *w = item.widget) {
         layout->addWidget(w);
@@ -306,8 +313,6 @@ static void addItemToFlowLayout(FlowLayout *layout, const ResultItem &item)
         layout->addItem(l);
 //    } else if (item.stretch != -1) {
 //        layout->addStretch(item.stretch);
-//    } else if (item.space != -1) {
-//        layout->addSpacing(item.space);
     } else if (item.empty) {
         // Nothing to do, but no reason to warn, either
     } else if (!item.text.isEmpty()) {
@@ -317,759 +322,682 @@ static void addItemToFlowLayout(FlowLayout *layout, const ResultItem &item)
     }
 }
 
-void Slice::flush()
-{
-    if (pendingItems.empty())
-        return;
-
-    if (auto formLayout = qobject_cast<QFormLayout *>(layout)) {
-
-        // If there are more than two items, we cram the last ones in one hbox.
-        if (pendingItems.size() > 2) {
-            auto hbox = new QHBoxLayout;
-            hbox->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
-            for (int i = 1; i < pendingItems.size(); ++i)
-                addItemToBoxLayout(hbox, pendingItems.at(i));
-            while (pendingItems.size() > 1)
-                pendingItems.pop_back();
-            pendingItems.append(ResultItem(hbox));
-        }
-
-        if (pendingItems.size() == 1) { // One one item given, so this spans both columns.
-            const ResultItem &f0 = pendingItems.at(0);
-            if (auto layout = f0.layout)
-                formLayout->addRow(layout);
-            else if (auto widget = f0.widget)
-                formLayout->addRow(widget);
-        } else if (pendingItems.size() == 2) { // Normal case, both columns used.
-            ResultItem &f1 = pendingItems[1];
-            const ResultItem &f0 = pendingItems.at(0);
-            if (!f1.widget && !f1.layout && !f1.text.isEmpty())
-                f1.widget = createLabel(f1.text);
-
-            if (f0.widget) {
-                if (f1.layout)
-                    formLayout->addRow(f0.widget, f1.layout);
-                else if (f1.widget)
-                    formLayout->addRow(f0.widget, f1.widget);
-            } else  {
-                if (f1.layout)
-                    formLayout->addRow(createLabel(f0.text), f1.layout);
-                else if (f1.widget)
-                    formLayout->addRow(createLabel(f0.text), f1.widget);
-            }
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-
-        // Set up label as buddy if possible.
-        const int lastRow = formLayout->rowCount() - 1;
-        QLayoutItem *l = formLayout->itemAt(lastRow, QFormLayout::LabelRole);
-        QLayoutItem *f = formLayout->itemAt(lastRow, QFormLayout::FieldRole);
-        if (l && f) {
-            if (QLabel *label = qobject_cast<QLabel *>(l->widget())) {
-                if (QWidget *widget = widgetForItem(f))
-                    label->setBuddy(widget);
-            }
-        }
-
-    } else if (auto gridLayout = qobject_cast<QGridLayout *>(layout)) {
-
-        for (const ResultItem &item : std::as_const(pendingItems)) {
-            Qt::Alignment a = currentGridColumn == 0 ? align : Qt::Alignment();
-            if (item.widget)
-                gridLayout->addWidget(item.widget, currentGridRow, currentGridColumn, 1, item.span, a);
-            else if (item.layout)
-                gridLayout->addLayout(item.layout, currentGridRow, currentGridColumn, 1, item.span, a);
-            else if (!item.text.isEmpty())
-                gridLayout->addWidget(createLabel(item.text), currentGridRow, currentGridColumn, 1, 1, a);
-            currentGridColumn += item.span;
-        }
-        ++currentGridRow;
-        currentGridColumn = 0;
+/*!
+    \class Layouting::Space
+    \inmodule QtCreator
 
-    } else if (auto boxLayout = qobject_cast<QBoxLayout *>(layout)) {
+    \brief The Space class represents some empty space in a layout.
+ */
 
-        for (const ResultItem &item : std::as_const(pendingItems))
-            addItemToBoxLayout(boxLayout, item);
+/*!
+    \class Layouting::Stretch
+    \inmodule QtCreator
 
-    } else if (auto flowLayout = qobject_cast<FlowLayout *>(layout)) {
+    \brief The Stretch class represents some stretch in a layout.
+ */
 
-        for (const ResultItem &item : std::as_const(pendingItems))
-            addItemToFlowLayout(flowLayout, item);
 
-    } else {
-        QTC_CHECK(false);
-    }
+// Layout
 
-    pendingItems.clear();
+void Layout::span(int cols, int rows)
+{
+    QTC_ASSERT(!pendingItems.empty(), return);
+    pendingItems.back().spanCols = cols;
+    pendingItems.back().spanRows = rows;
 }
 
-// LayoutBuilder
-
-class LayoutBuilder
+void Layout::setNoMargins()
 {
-    Q_DISABLE_COPY_MOVE(LayoutBuilder)
-
-public:
-    LayoutBuilder();
-    ~LayoutBuilder();
-
-    void addItem(const LayoutItem &item);
-    void addItems(const LayoutItems &items);
-
-    QList<Slice> stack;
-};
+    setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
 
-static void addItemHelper(LayoutBuilder &builder, const LayoutItem &item)
+void Layout::setNormalMargins()
 {
-    if (item.onAdd)
-        item.onAdd(builder);
-
-    if (item.setter) {
-        if (QWidget *widget = builder.stack.last().widget)
-            item.setter(widget);
-        else if (QLayout *layout = builder.stack.last().layout)
-            item.setter(layout);
-        else
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-    }
-
-    for (const LayoutItem &subItem : item.subItems)
-        addItemHelper(builder, subItem);
-
-    if (item.onExit)
-        item.onExit(builder);
+    setContentsMargins(9, 9, 9, 9);
 }
 
-void doAddText(LayoutBuilder &builder, const QString &text)
+void Layout::setContentsMargins(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
 {
-    ResultItem fi;
-    fi.text = text;
-    builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(fi);
+    access(this)->setContentsMargins(left, top, right, bottom);
 }
 
-void doAddSpace(LayoutBuilder &builder, const Space &space)
+/*!
+    Attaches the constructed layout to the provided QWidget \a w.
+
+    This operation can only be performed once per LayoutBuilder instance.
+ */
+void Layout::attachTo(QWidget *widget)
 {
-    ResultItem fi;
-    fi.space = space.space;
-    builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(fi);
+    flush();
+    widget->setLayout(access(this));
 }
 
-void doAddStretch(LayoutBuilder &builder, const Stretch &stretch)
+/*!
+    Adds the layout item \a item as sub items.
+ */
+void Layout::addItem(I item)
 {
-    ResultItem fi;
-    fi.stretch = stretch.stretch;
-    builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(fi);
+    item.apply(this);
 }
 
-void doAddLayout(LayoutBuilder &builder, QLayout *layout)
+void Layout::addLayoutItem(const LayoutItem &item)
 {
-    builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(ResultItem(layout));
+    if (QBoxLayout *lt = asBox())
+        addItemToBoxLayout(lt, item);
+    else if (FlowLayout *lt = asFlow())
+        addItemToFlowLayout(lt, item);
+    else
+        pendingItems.push_back(item);
 }
 
-void doAddWidget(LayoutBuilder &builder, QWidget *widget)
+/*!
+    Adds the layout items \a items as sub items.
+ */
+void Layout::addItems(std::initializer_list<I> items)
 {
-    builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(ResultItem(widget));
+    for (const I &item : items)
+        item.apply(this);
 }
 
-
 /*!
-    \class Layouting::Space
-    \inmodule QtCreator
+    Starts a new row containing \a items. The row can be further extended by
+    other items using \c addItem() or \c addItems().
 
-    \brief The Space class represents some empty space in a layout.
+    \sa addItem(), addItems()
  */
 
-/*!
-    \class Layouting::Stretch
-    \inmodule QtCreator
+void Layout::addRow(std::initializer_list<I> items)
+{
+    for (const I &item : items)
+        item.apply(this);
+    flush();
+}
 
-    \brief The Stretch class represents some stretch in a layout.
- */
+void Layout::setSpacing(int spacing)
+{
+    access(this)->setSpacing(spacing);
+}
 
-/*!
-    \class Layouting::LayoutBuilder
-    \internal
-    \inmodule QtCreator
+void Layout::setColumnStretch(int column, int stretch)
+{
+    if (auto grid = qobject_cast<QGridLayout *>(access(this))) {
+        grid->setColumnStretch(column, stretch);
+    } else {
+        QTC_CHECK(false);
+    }
+}
 
-    \brief The LayoutBuilder class provides a convenient way to fill \c QFormLayout
-    and \c QGridLayouts with contents.
+void addToWidget(Widget *widget, const Layout &layout)
+{
+    layout.flush_();
+    access(widget)->setLayout(access(&layout));
+}
 
-    Filling a layout with items happens item-by-item, row-by-row.
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Widget &inner)
+{
+    layout->addLayoutItem(access(&inner));
+}
 
-    A LayoutBuilder instance is typically used locally within a function and never stored.
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, QWidget *inner)
+{
+    layout->addLayoutItem(inner);
+}
 
-    \sa addItem(), addItems()
-*/
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, QLayout *inner)
+{
+    layout->addLayoutItem(inner);
+}
 
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Layout &inner)
+{
+    inner.flush_();
+    layout->addLayoutItem(access(&inner));
+}
 
-LayoutBuilder::LayoutBuilder() = default;
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const LayoutModifier &inner)
+{
+    inner(layout);
+}
 
-/*!
-    \internal
-    Destructs a layout builder.
- */
-LayoutBuilder::~LayoutBuilder() = default;
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const QString &inner)
+{
+    layout->addLayoutItem(inner);
+}
 
-void LayoutBuilder::addItem(const LayoutItem &item)
+void empty(Layout *layout)
 {
-    addItemHelper(*this, item);
+    LayoutItem item;
+    item.empty = true;
+    layout->addLayoutItem(item);
 }
 
-void LayoutBuilder::addItems(const LayoutItems &items)
+void hr(Layout *layout)
 {
-    for (const LayoutItem &item : items)
-        addItemHelper(*this, item);
+    layout->addLayoutItem(createHr());
 }
 
-/*!
-    Starts a new row containing \a items. The row can be further extended by
-    other items using \c addItem() or \c addItems().
+void br(Layout *layout)
+{
+    layout->flush();
+}
 
-    \sa addItem(), addItems()
- */
-void LayoutItem::addRow(const LayoutItems &items)
+void st(Layout *layout)
 {
-    addItem(br);
-    addItems(items);
+    LayoutItem item;
+    item.stretch = 1;
+    layout->addLayoutItem(item);
 }
 
-/*!
-    Adds the layout item \a item as sub items.
- */
-void LayoutItem::addItem(const LayoutItem &item)
+void noMargin(Layout *layout)
 {
-    subItems.append(item);
+    layout->setNoMargins();
 }
 
-/*!
-    Adds the layout items \a items as sub items.
- */
-void LayoutItem::addItems(const LayoutItems &items)
+void normalMargin(Layout *layout)
 {
-    subItems.append(items);
+    layout->setNormalMargins();
 }
 
-/*!
-    Attaches the constructed layout to the provided QWidget \a w.
+QFormLayout *Layout::asForm()
+{
+    return qobject_cast<QFormLayout *>(access(this));
+}
 
-    This operation can only be performed once per LayoutBuilder instance.
- */
+QGridLayout *Layout::asGrid()
+{
+    return qobject_cast<QGridLayout *>(access(this));
+}
 
-void LayoutItem::attachTo(QWidget *w) const
+QBoxLayout *Layout::asBox()
 {
-    LayoutBuilder builder;
+    return qobject_cast<QBoxLayout *>(access(this));
+}
 
-    builder.stack.append(w);
-    addItemHelper(builder, *this);
+FlowLayout *Layout::asFlow()
+{
+    return dynamic_cast<FlowLayout *>(access(this));
 }
 
-QWidget *LayoutItem::emerge()
+void Layout::flush()
 {
-    LayoutBuilder builder;
+    if (pendingItems.empty())
+        return;
 
-    builder.stack.append(Slice());
-    addItemHelper(builder, *this);
+    if (QGridLayout *lt = asGrid()) {
+        for (const LayoutItem &item : std::as_const(pendingItems)) {
+            Qt::Alignment a;
+            if (currentGridColumn == 0 && useFormAlignment) {
+                // if (auto widget = builder.stack.at(builder.stack.size() - 2).widget) {
+                //     a = widget->style()->styleHint(QStyle::SH_FormLayoutLabelAlignment);
+            }
+            if (item.widget)
+                lt->addWidget(item.widget, currentGridRow, currentGridColumn, item.spanRows, item.spanCols, a);
+            else if (item.layout)
+                lt->addLayout(item.layout, currentGridRow, currentGridColumn, item.spanRows, item.spanCols, a);
+            else if (!item.text.isEmpty())
+                lt->addWidget(createLabel(item.text), currentGridRow, currentGridColumn, item.spanRows, item.spanCols, a);
+            currentGridColumn += item.spanCols;
+            // Intentionally not used, use 'br'/'empty' for vertical progress.
+            // currentGridRow += item.spanRows;
+        }
+        ++currentGridRow;
+        currentGridColumn = 0;
+        pendingItems.clear();
+        return;
+    }
 
-    if (builder.stack.empty())
-        return nullptr;
+    if (QFormLayout *fl = asForm()) {
+        if (pendingItems.size() > 2) {
+            auto hbox = new QHBoxLayout;
+            hbox->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            for (size_t i = 1; i < pendingItems.size(); ++i)
+                addItemToBoxLayout(hbox, pendingItems.at(i));
+            while (pendingItems.size() > 1)
+                pendingItems.pop_back();
+            pendingItems.push_back(hbox);
+        }
 
-    QTC_ASSERT(builder.stack.last().pendingItems.size() == 1, return nullptr);
-    ResultItem ri = builder.stack.last().pendingItems.takeFirst();
+        if (pendingItems.size() == 1) { // Only one item given, so this spans both columns.
+            const LayoutItem &f0 = pendingItems.at(0);
+            if (auto layout = f0.layout)
+                fl->addRow(layout);
+            else if (auto widget = f0.widget)
+                fl->addRow(widget);
+        } else if (pendingItems.size() == 2) { // Normal case, both columns used.
+            LayoutItem &f1 = pendingItems[1];
+            const LayoutItem &f0 = pendingItems.at(0);
+            if (!f1.widget && !f1.layout && !f1.text.isEmpty())
+                f1.widget = createLabel(f1.text);
 
-    QTC_ASSERT(ri.layout || ri.widget, return nullptr);
+            // QFormLayout accepts only widgets or text in the first column.
+            // FIXME: Should we be more generous?
+            if (f0.widget) {
+                if (f1.layout)
+                    fl->addRow(f0.widget, f1.layout);
+                else if (f1.widget)
+                    fl->addRow(f0.widget, f1.widget);
+            } else  {
+                if (f1.layout)
+                    fl->addRow(createLabel(f0.text), f1.layout);
+                else if (f1.widget)
+                    fl->addRow(createLabel(f0.text), f1.widget);
+            }
+        } else {
+            QTC_CHECK(false);
+        }
 
-    if (ri.layout) {
-        auto w = new QWidget;
-        w->setLayout(ri.layout);
-        return w;
+        // Set up label as buddy if possible.
+        const int lastRow = fl->rowCount() - 1;
+        QLayoutItem *l = fl->itemAt(lastRow, QFormLayout::LabelRole);
+        QLayoutItem *f = fl->itemAt(lastRow, QFormLayout::FieldRole);
+        if (l && f) {
+            if (QLabel *label = qobject_cast<QLabel *>(l->widget())) {
+                if (QWidget *widget = widgetForItem(f))
+                    label->setBuddy(widget);
+            }
+        }
+
+        pendingItems.clear();
+        return;
     }
 
-    return ri.widget;
+    QTC_CHECK(false); // The other layouts shouldn't use flush()
 }
 
-static void layoutExit(LayoutBuilder &builder)
+void Layout::flush_() const
 {
-    builder.stack.last().flush();
-    QLayout *layout = builder.stack.last().layout;
-    builder.stack.pop_back();
-
-    if (builder.stack.last().isLayouting) {
-        builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(ResultItem(layout));
-    } else if (QWidget *widget = builder.stack.last().widget) {
-        widget->setLayout(layout);
-    } else
-        builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(ResultItem(layout));
+    const_cast<Layout *>(this)->flush();
 }
 
-template<class T>
-static void layoutingWidgetExit(LayoutBuilder &builder)
+void withFormAlignment(Layout *layout)
 {
-    const Slice slice = builder.stack.last();
-    T *w = qobject_cast<T *>(slice.widget);
-    for (const ResultItem &ri : slice.pendingItems) {
-        if (ri.widget) {
-            w->addWidget(ri.widget);
-        } else if (ri.layout) {
-            auto child = new QWidget;
-            child->setLayout(ri.layout);
-            w->addWidget(child);
-        }
-    }
-    builder.stack.pop_back();
-    builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(ResultItem(w));
+    layout->useFormAlignment = true;
 }
 
-static void widgetExit(LayoutBuilder &builder)
+// Flow
+
+Flow::Flow(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    QWidget *widget = builder.stack.last().widget;
-    builder.stack.pop_back();
-    builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(ResultItem(widget));
+    ptr = new FlowLayout;
+    apply(this, ps);
+    flush();
 }
 
-Column::Column(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+// Row & Column
+
+Row::Row(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    subItems = items;
-    onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) { builder.stack.append(new QVBoxLayout); };
-    onExit = layoutExit;
+    ptr = new QHBoxLayout;
+    apply(this, ps);
+    flush();
 }
 
-Row::Row(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+Column::Column(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    subItems = items;
-    onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) { builder.stack.append(new QHBoxLayout); };
-    onExit = layoutExit;
+    ptr = new QVBoxLayout;
+    apply(this, ps);
+    flush();
 }
 
-Flow::Flow(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+// Grid
+
+Grid::Grid()
 {
-    subItems = items;
-    onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) { builder.stack.append(new FlowLayout); };
-    onExit = layoutExit;
+    ptr = new QGridLayout;
 }
 
-Grid::Grid(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+Grid::Grid(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    subItems = items;
-    onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) { builder.stack.append(new QGridLayout); };
-    onExit = layoutExit;
+    ptr = new QGridLayout;
+    apply(this, ps);
+    flush();
 }
 
-static QFormLayout *newFormLayout()
+// Form
+
+Form::Form()
 {
-    auto formLayout = new QFormLayout;
-    formLayout->setFieldGrowthPolicy(QFormLayout::AllNonFixedFieldsGrow);
-    return formLayout;
+    ptr = new QFormLayout;
 }
 
-Form::Form(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+Form::Form(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    subItems = items;
-    onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) { builder.stack.append(newFormLayout()); };
-    onExit = layoutExit;
+    auto lt = new QFormLayout;
+    ptr = lt;
+    lt->setFieldGrowthPolicy(QFormLayout::AllNonFixedFieldsGrow);
+    apply(this, ps);
+    flush();
 }
 
-LayoutItem br()
+void Layout::setFieldGrowthPolicy(int policy)
 {
-    LayoutItem item;
-    item.onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        builder.stack.last().flush();
-    };
-    return item;
+    if (auto lt = asForm())
+        lt->setFieldGrowthPolicy(QFormLayout::FieldGrowthPolicy(policy));
 }
 
-LayoutItem empty()
+QWidget *Layout::emerge() const
 {
-    LayoutItem item;
-    item.onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        ResultItem ri;
-        ri.empty = true;
-        builder.stack.last().pendingItems.append(ri);
-    };
-    return item;
+    const_cast<Layout *>(this)->flush();
+    QWidget *widget = new QWidget;
+    widget->setLayout(access(this));
+    return widget;
 }
 
-LayoutItem hr()
+void Layout::show() const
 {
-    LayoutItem item;
-    item.onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) { doAddWidget(builder, createHr()); };
-    return item;
+    return emerge()->show();
 }
 
-LayoutItem st()
+// "Widgets"
+
+Widget::Widget(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    LayoutItem item;
-    item.onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) { doAddStretch(builder, Stretch(1)); };
-    return item;
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-LayoutItem noMargin()
+void Widget::setSize(int w, int h)
 {
-    return customMargin({});
+    access(this)->resize(w, h);
 }
 
-LayoutItem normalMargin()
+void Widget::setLayout(const Layout &layout)
 {
-    return customMargin({9, 9, 9, 9});
+    access(this)->setLayout(access(&layout));
 }
 
-LayoutItem customMargin(const QMargins &margin)
+void Widget::setWindowTitle(const QString &title)
 {
-    LayoutItem item;
-    item.onAdd = [margin](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        if (auto layout = builder.stack.last().layout)
-            layout->setContentsMargins(margin);
-        else if (auto widget = builder.stack.last().widget)
-            widget->setContentsMargins(margin);
-    };
-    return item;
+    access(this)->setWindowTitle(title);
 }
 
-LayoutItem withFormAlignment()
+void Widget::setToolTip(const QString &title)
 {
-    LayoutItem item;
-    item.onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        if (builder.stack.size() >= 2) {
-            if (auto widget = builder.stack.at(builder.stack.size() - 2).widget) {
-                const Qt::Alignment align(widget->style()->styleHint(QStyle::SH_FormLayoutLabelAlignment));
-                builder.stack.last().align = align;
-            }
-        }
-    };
-    return item;
+    access(this)->setToolTip(title);
 }
 
-// "Widgets"
+void Widget::show()
+{
+    access(this)->show();
+}
 
-template <class T>
-void setupWidget(LayoutItem *item)
+void Widget::setNoMargins(int)
 {
-    item->onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) { builder.stack.append(new T); };
-    item->onExit = widgetExit;
-};
+    setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
 
-Widget::Widget(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+void Widget::setNormalMargins(int)
 {
-    this->subItems = items;
-    setupWidget<QWidget>(this);
+    setContentsMargins(9, 9, 9, 9);
 }
 
-Group::Group(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+void Widget::setContentsMargins(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
 {
-    this->subItems = items;
-    setupWidget<QGroupBox>(this);
+    access(this)->setContentsMargins(left, top, right, bottom);
 }
 
-Stack::Stack(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+QWidget *Widget::emerge() const
 {
-    // We use a QStackedWidget instead of a QStackedLayout here because the latter will call
-    // "setVisible()" when a child is added, which can lead to the widget being spawned as a
-    // top-level widget. This can lead to the focus shifting away from the main application.
-    subItems = items;
-    onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        builder.stack.append(Slice(new QStackedWidget, true));
-    };
-    onExit = layoutingWidgetExit<QStackedWidget>;
+    return access(this);
 }
 
-PushButton::PushButton(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+// Label
+
+Label::Label(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    this->subItems = items;
-    setupWidget<QPushButton>(this);
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-SpinBox::SpinBox(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+Label::Label(const QString &text)
 {
-    this->subItems = items;
-    setupWidget<QSpinBox>(this);
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    setText(text);
 }
 
-TextEdit::TextEdit(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+void Label::setText(const QString &text)
 {
-    this->subItems = items;
-    setupWidget<QTextEdit>(this);
+    access(this)->setText(text);
 }
 
-Splitter::Splitter(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+void Label::setTextFormat(Qt::TextFormat format)
 {
-    subItems = items;
-    onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        auto splitter = new QSplitter;
-        splitter->setOrientation(Qt::Vertical);
-        builder.stack.append(Slice(splitter, true));
-    };
-    onExit = layoutingWidgetExit<QSplitter>;
+    access(this)->setTextFormat(format);
 }
 
-ToolBar::ToolBar(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+void Label::setWordWrap(bool on)
 {
-    subItems = items;
-    onAdd = [](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        auto toolbar = new QToolBar;
-        toolbar->setOrientation(Qt::Horizontal);
-        builder.stack.append(Slice(toolbar, true));
-    };
-    onExit = layoutingWidgetExit<QToolBar>;
+    access(this)->setWordWrap(on);
 }
 
-TabWidget::TabWidget(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+void Label::setTextInteractionFlags(Qt::TextInteractionFlags flags)
 {
-    this->subItems = items;
-    setupWidget<QTabWidget>(this);
+    access(this)->setTextInteractionFlags(flags);
 }
 
-// Special Tab
+void Label::setOpenExternalLinks(bool on)
+{
+    access(this)->setOpenExternalLinks(on);
+}
 
-Tab::Tab(const QString &tabName, const LayoutItem &item)
+void Label::onLinkHovered(const std::function<void (const QString &)> &func, QObject *guard)
 {
-    onAdd = [item](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        auto tab = new QWidget;
-        builder.stack.append(tab);
-        item.attachTo(tab);
-    };
-    onExit = [tabName](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        QWidget *inner = builder.stack.last().widget;
-        builder.stack.pop_back();
-        auto tabWidget = qobject_cast<QTabWidget *>(builder.stack.last().widget);
-        QTC_ASSERT(tabWidget, return);
-        tabWidget->addTab(inner, tabName);
-    };
+    QObject::connect(access(this), &QLabel::linkHovered, guard, func);
 }
 
-// Special If
+// Group
 
-If::If(bool condition, const LayoutItems &items, const LayoutItems &other)
+Group::Group(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    subItems.append(condition ? items : other);
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-// Special Application
-
-Application::Application(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items)
+void Group::setTitle(const QString &title)
 {
-    subItems = items;
-    setupWidget<QWidget>(this);
-    onExit = {}; // Hack: Don't dropp the last slice, we need the resulting widget.
+    access(this)->setTitle(title);
+    access(this)->setObjectName(title);
 }
 
-int Application::exec(int &argc, char *argv[])
+void Group::setGroupChecker(const std::function<void (QObject *)> &checker)
 {
-    QApplication app(argc, argv);
-    LayoutBuilder builder;
-    addItemHelper(builder, *this);
-    if (QWidget *widget = builder.stack.last().widget)
-        widget->show();
-    return app.exec();
+    checker(access(this));
 }
 
-// "Properties"
+// SpinBox
 
-LayoutItem title(const QString &title)
+SpinBox::SpinBox(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    return [title](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto groupBox = qobject_cast<QGroupBox *>(target)) {
-            groupBox->setTitle(title);
-            groupBox->setObjectName(title);
-        } else if (auto widget = qobject_cast<QWidget *>(target)) {
-            widget->setWindowTitle(title);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-LayoutItem windowTitle(const QString &windowTitle)
+void SpinBox::setValue(int val)
 {
-    return [windowTitle](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto widget = qobject_cast<QWidget *>(target)) {
-            widget->setWindowTitle(windowTitle);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    access(this)->setValue(val);
 }
 
-LayoutItem text(const QString &text)
+void SpinBox::onTextChanged(const std::function<void (QString)> &func)
 {
-    return [text](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto button = qobject_cast<QAbstractButton *>(target)) {
-            button->setText(text);
-        } else if (auto textEdit = qobject_cast<QTextEdit *>(target)) {
-            textEdit->setText(text);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    QObject::connect(access(this), &QSpinBox::textChanged, func);
 }
 
-LayoutItem tooltip(const QString &toolTip)
+// TextEdit
+
+TextEdit::TextEdit(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    return [toolTip](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto widget = qobject_cast<QWidget *>(target)) {
-            widget->setToolTip(toolTip);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-LayoutItem spacing(int spacing)
+void TextEdit::setText(const QString &text)
 {
-    return [spacing](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto layout = qobject_cast<QLayout *>(target)) {
-            layout->setSpacing(spacing);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    access(this)->setText(text);
 }
 
-LayoutItem resize(int w, int h)
+// PushButton
+
+PushButton::PushButton(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    return [w, h](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto widget = qobject_cast<QWidget *>(target)) {
-            widget->resize(w, h);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-LayoutItem columnStretch(int column, int stretch)
+void PushButton::setText(const QString &text)
 {
-    return [column, stretch](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto grid = qobject_cast<QGridLayout *>(target)) {
-            grid->setColumnStretch(column, stretch);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    access(this)->setText(text);
 }
 
-LayoutItem fieldGrowthPolicy(QFormLayout::FieldGrowthPolicy policy)
+void PushButton::onClicked(const std::function<void ()> &func, QObject *guard)
 {
-    return [policy](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto form = qobject_cast<QFormLayout *>(target)) {
-            form->setFieldGrowthPolicy(policy);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    QObject::connect(access(this), &QAbstractButton::clicked, guard, func);
 }
 
+// Stack
 
-// Id based setters
-
-LayoutItem id(ID &out)
+// We use a QStackedWidget instead of a QStackedLayout here because the latter will call
+// "setVisible()" when a child is added, which can lead to the widget being spawned as a
+// top-level widget. This can lead to the focus shifting away from the main application.
+Stack::Stack(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    return [&out](QObject *target) { out.ob = target; };
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-void setText(ID id, const QString &text)
+void addToStack(Stack *stack, const Widget &inner)
 {
-    if (auto textEdit = qobject_cast<QTextEdit *>(id.ob))
-        textEdit->setText(text);
+    access(stack)->addWidget(inner.emerge());
 }
 
-// Signals
+void addToStack(Stack *stack, const Layout &inner)
+{
+    inner.flush_();
+    access(stack)->addWidget(inner.emerge());
+}
 
-LayoutItem onClicked(const std::function<void ()> &func, QObject *guard)
+void addToStack(Stack *stack, QWidget *inner)
 {
-    return [func, guard](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto button = qobject_cast<QAbstractButton *>(target)) {
-            QObject::connect(button, &QAbstractButton::clicked, guard ? guard : target, func);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    access(stack)->addWidget(inner);
 }
 
-LayoutItem onTextChanged(const std::function<void (const QString &)> &func, QObject *guard)
+// Splitter
+
+Splitter::Splitter(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    return [func, guard](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto button = qobject_cast<QSpinBox *>(target)) {
-            QObject::connect(button, &QSpinBox::textChanged, guard ? guard : target, func);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    access(this)->setOrientation(Qt::Vertical);
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-LayoutItem onValueChanged(const std::function<void (int)> &func, QObject *guard)
+void addToSplitter(Splitter *splitter, QWidget *inner)
 {
-    return [func, guard](QObject *target) {
-        if (auto button = qobject_cast<QSpinBox *>(target)) {
-            QObject::connect(button, &QSpinBox::valueChanged, guard ? guard : target, func);
-        } else {
-            QTC_CHECK(false);
-        }
-    };
+    access(splitter)->addWidget(inner);
 }
 
-// Convenience
+void addToSplitter(Splitter *splitter, const Widget &inner)
+{
+    access(splitter)->addWidget(inner.emerge());
+}
 
-QWidget *createHr(QWidget *parent)
+void addToSplitter(Splitter *splitter, const Layout &inner)
 {
-    auto frame = new QFrame(parent);
-    frame->setFrameShape(QFrame::HLine);
-    frame->setFrameShadow(QFrame::Sunken);
-    return frame;
+    inner.flush_();
+    access(splitter)->addWidget(inner.emerge());
 }
 
-// Singletons.
+// ToolBar
 
-LayoutItem::LayoutItem(const LayoutItem &t)
+ToolBar::ToolBar(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    operator=(t);
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
+    access(this)->setOrientation(Qt::Horizontal);
 }
 
-void createItem(LayoutItem *item,  LayoutItem(*t)())
+// TabWidget
+
+TabWidget::TabWidget(std::initializer_list<I> ps)
 {
-    *item = t();
+    ptr = new Implementation;
+    apply(this, ps);
 }
 
-void createItem(LayoutItem *item, const std::function<void(QObject *target)> &t)
+Tab::Tab(const QString &tabName, const Layout &inner)
+    : tabName(tabName), inner(inner)
+{}
+
+void addToTabWidget(TabWidget *tabWidget, const Tab &tab)
 {
-    item->setter = t;
+    access(tabWidget)->addTab(tab.inner.emerge(), tab.tabName);
 }
 
-void createItem(LayoutItem *item, QWidget *t)
-{
-    if (auto l = qobject_cast<QLabel *>(t))
-        l->setTextInteractionFlags(l->textInteractionFlags() | Qt::TextSelectableByMouse);
+// Special If
+
+If::If(bool condition,
+   const std::initializer_list<Layout::I> ifcase,
+   const std::initializer_list<Layout::I> thencase)
+    : used(condition ? ifcase : thencase)
+{}
 
-    item->onAdd = [t](LayoutBuilder &builder) { doAddWidget(builder, t); };
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const If &inner)
+{
+    for (const Layout::I &item : inner.used)
+        item.apply(layout);
 }
 
-void createItem(LayoutItem *item, QLayout *t)
+// Specials
+
+QWidget *createHr(QWidget *parent)
 {
-    item->onAdd = [t](LayoutBuilder &builder) { doAddLayout(builder, t); };
+    auto frame = new QFrame(parent);
+    frame->setFrameShape(QFrame::HLine);
+    frame->setFrameShadow(QFrame::Sunken);
+    return frame;
 }
 
-void createItem(LayoutItem *item, const QString &t)
+Span::Span(int cols, const Layout::I &item)
+    : item(item), spanCols(cols)
+{}
+
+Span::Span(int cols, int rows, const Layout::I &item)
+    : item(item), spanCols(cols), spanRows(rows)
+{}
+
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Span &inner)
 {
-    item->onAdd = [t](LayoutBuilder &builder) { doAddText(builder, t); };
+    layout->addItem(inner.item);
+    if (layout->pendingItems.empty()) {
+        QTC_CHECK(inner.spanCols == 1 && inner.spanRows == 1);
+        return;
+    }
+    layout->pendingItems.back().spanCols = inner.spanCols;
+    layout->pendingItems.back().spanRows = inner.spanRows;
 }
 
-void createItem(LayoutItem *item, const Space &t)
+LayoutModifier spacing(int space)
 {
-    item->onAdd = [t](LayoutBuilder &builder) { doAddSpace(builder, t); };
+    return [space](Layout *layout) { layout->setSpacing(space); };
 }
 
-void createItem(LayoutItem *item, const Stretch &t)
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Space &inner)
 {
-    item->onAdd = [t](LayoutBuilder &builder) { doAddStretch(builder, t); };
+    if (auto lt = layout->asBox())
+        lt->addSpacing(inner.space);
 }
 
-void createItem(LayoutItem *item, const Span &t)
+void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Stretch &inner)
 {
-    item->onAdd = [t](LayoutBuilder &builder) {
-        addItemHelper(builder, t.item);
-        builder.stack.last().pendingItems.last().span = t.span;
-    };
+    if (auto lt = layout->asBox())
+        lt->addStretch(inner.stretch);
 }
 
-} // Layouting
+// void createItem(LayoutItem *item, QWidget *t)
+// {
+//     if (auto l = qobject_cast<QLabel *>(t))
+//         l->setTextInteractionFlags(l->textInteractionFlags() | Qt::TextSelectableByMouse);
+
+//     item->onAdd = [t](LayoutBuilder &builder) { doAddWidget(builder, t); };
+// }
 
-#include "layoutbuilder.moc"
+
+} // Layouting
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/layoutbuilder.h b/src/libs/utils/layoutbuilder.h
index c9fac7d838..a411ea4763 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/layoutbuilder.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/layoutbuilder.h
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <QFormLayout>
-#include <QList>
 #include <QString>
-#include <QtGlobal>
 
-#include <optional>
+#include <functional>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <vector>
 
 #if defined(UTILS_LIBRARY)
 #  define QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Q_DECL_EXPORT
@@ -19,251 +18,570 @@
 #endif
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+class QBoxLayout;
+class QFormLayout;
+class QGridLayout;
+class QGroupBox;
+class QHBoxLayout;
+class QLabel;
 class QLayout;
-class QMargins;
 class QObject;
+class QPushButton;
+class QSpinBox;
+class QSplitter;
+class QStackedWidget;
+class QTabWidget;
+class QTextEdit;
+class QToolBar;
+class QVBoxLayout;
 class QWidget;
-template <class T> T qobject_cast(QObject *object);
 QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
 namespace Layouting {
 
-// LayoutItem
+class NestId {};
 
-class LayoutBuilder;
-class LayoutItem;
-using LayoutItems = QList<LayoutItem>;
-
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem
+template <typename Id, typename Arg>
+class IdAndArg
 {
 public:
-    using Setter = std::function<void(QObject *target)>;
+    IdAndArg(Id, const Arg &arg) : arg(arg) {}
+    const Arg arg; // FIXME: Could be const &, but this would currently break bindTo().
+};
 
-    LayoutItem();
-    ~LayoutItem();
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+struct Arg2
+{
+    Arg2(const T1 &a1, const T2 &a2)
+        : p1(a1)
+        , p2(a2)
+    {}
+    const T1 p1;
+    const T2 p2;
+};
+
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
+struct Arg3
+{
+    Arg3(const T1 &a1, const T2 &a2, const T3 &a3)
+        : p1(a1)
+        , p2(a2)
+        , p3(a3)
+    {}
+    const T1 p1;
+    const T2 p2;
+    const T3 p3;
+};
+
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
+struct Arg4
+{
+    Arg4(const T1 &a1, const T2 &a2, const T3 &a3, const T4 &a4)
+        : p1(a1)
+        , p2(a2)
+        , p3(a3)
+        , p4(a4)
+    {}
+    const T1 p1;
+    const T2 p2;
+    const T3 p3;
+    const T4 p4;
+};
+
+// The main dispatcher
 
-    LayoutItem(const LayoutItem &t);
-    LayoutItem &operator=(const LayoutItem &t) = default;
+void doit(auto x, auto id, auto p);
 
-    template <class T> LayoutItem(const T &t)
+template <typename X> class BuilderItem
+{
+public:
+    // Nested child object
+    template <typename Inner>
+    BuilderItem(Inner && p)
     {
-        if constexpr (std::is_base_of_v<LayoutItem, T>)
-            LayoutItem::operator=(t);
-        else
-            createItem(this, t);
+        apply = [&p](X *x) { doit(x, NestId{}, std::forward<Inner>(p)); };
     }
 
-    void attachTo(QWidget *w) const;
-    QWidget *emerge();
-
-    void addItem(const LayoutItem &item);
-    void addItems(const LayoutItems &items);
-    void addRow(const LayoutItems &items);
+    // Property setter
+    template <typename Id, typename Arg>
+    BuilderItem(IdAndArg<Id, Arg> && idarg)
+    {
+        apply = [&idarg](X *x) { doit(x, Id{}, idarg.arg); };
+    }
 
-    std::function<void(LayoutBuilder &)> onAdd;
-    std::function<void(LayoutBuilder &)> onExit;
-    std::function<void(QObject *target)> setter;
-    LayoutItems subItems;
+    std::function<void(X *)> apply;
 };
 
-// Special items
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Space
+//////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//
+// Basic
+//
+
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Thing
 {
 public:
-    explicit Space(int space) : space(space) {}
-    const int space;
+    void *ptr; // The product.
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Stretch
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Object : public Thing
 {
 public:
-    explicit Stretch(int stretch = 1) : stretch(stretch) {}
-    const int stretch;
+    using Implementation = QObject;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Object>;
+
+    Object() = default;
+    Object(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Span
+//
+// Layouts
+//
+
+class FlowLayout;
+class Layout;
+using LayoutModifier = std::function<void(Layout *)>;
+
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem
 {
 public:
-    Span(int span, const LayoutItem &item) : span(span), item(item) {}
-    const int span;
-    LayoutItem item;
+    ~LayoutItem();
+    LayoutItem();
+    LayoutItem(QLayout *l);
+    LayoutItem(QWidget *w);
+    LayoutItem(const QString &t);
+
+    QString text;
+    QLayout *layout = nullptr;
+    QWidget *widget = nullptr;
+    int stretch = -1;
+    int spanCols = 1;
+    int spanRows = 1;
+    bool empty = false;
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Column : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Layout : public Object
 {
 public:
-    Column(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QLayout;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Layout>;
+
+    Layout() = default;
+    Layout(Implementation *w) { ptr = w; }
+
+    void span(int cols, int rows);
+
+    void setNoMargins();
+    void setNormalMargins();
+    void setContentsMargins(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
+    void setColumnStretch(int cols, int rows);
+    void setSpacing(int space);
+    void setFieldGrowthPolicy(int policy);
+
+    void attachTo(QWidget *);
+
+    void addItem(I item);
+    void addItems(std::initializer_list<I> items);
+    void addRow(std::initializer_list<I> items);
+    void addLayoutItem(const LayoutItem &item);
+
+    void flush();
+    void flush_() const;
+
+    QWidget *emerge() const;
+    void show() const;
+
+    QFormLayout *asForm();
+    QGridLayout *asGrid();
+    QBoxLayout *asBox();
+    FlowLayout *asFlow();
+
+    // Grid-only
+    int currentGridColumn = 0;
+    int currentGridRow = 0;
+    //Qt::Alignment align = {};
+    bool useFormAlignment = false;
+
+    std::vector<LayoutItem> pendingItems;
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Row : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Column : public Layout
 {
 public:
-    Row(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QVBoxLayout;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Column>;
+
+    Column(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Flow : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Row : public Layout
 {
 public:
-    Flow(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QHBoxLayout;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Row>;
+
+    Row(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Grid : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Form : public Layout
 {
 public:
-    Grid() : Grid({}) {}
-    Grid(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QFormLayout;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Form>;
+
+    Form();
+    Form(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Form : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Grid : public Layout
 {
 public:
-    Form() : Form({}) {}
-    Form(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QGridLayout;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Grid>;
+
+    Grid();
+    Grid(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Widget : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Flow : public Layout
 {
 public:
-    Widget(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    Flow(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Stack : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Stretch
 {
 public:
-    Stack() : Stack({}) {}
-    Stack(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    explicit Stretch(int stretch) : stretch(stretch) {}
+
+    int stretch;
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Tab : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Space
 {
 public:
-    Tab(const QString &tabName, const LayoutItem &item);
+    explicit Space(int space) : space(space) {}
+
+    int space;
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT If : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Span
 {
 public:
-    If(bool condition, const LayoutItems &item, const LayoutItems &other = {});
+    Span(int cols, const Layout::I &item);
+    Span(int cols, int rows, const Layout::I &item);
+
+    Layout::I item;
+    int spanCols = 1;
+    int spanRows = 1;
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Group : public LayoutItem
+//
+// Widgets
+//
+
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Widget : public Object
 {
 public:
-    Group(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QWidget;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Widget>;
+
+    Widget() = default;
+    Widget(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
+    Widget(Implementation *w) { ptr = w; }
+
+    QWidget *emerge() const;
+    void show();
+
+    void setLayout(const Layout &layout);
+    void setSize(int, int);
+    void setWindowTitle(const QString &);
+    void setToolTip(const QString &);
+    void setNoMargins(int = 0);
+    void setNormalMargins(int = 0);
+    void setContentsMargins(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT TextEdit : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Label : public Widget
 {
 public:
-    TextEdit(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QLabel;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Label>;
+
+    Label(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
+    Label(const QString &text);
+
+    void setText(const QString &);
+    void setTextFormat(Qt::TextFormat);
+    void setWordWrap(bool);
+    void setTextInteractionFlags(Qt::TextInteractionFlags);
+    void setOpenExternalLinks(bool);
+    void onLinkHovered(const std::function<void(const QString &)> &, QObject *guard);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT PushButton : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Group : public Widget
 {
 public:
-    PushButton(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QGroupBox;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Group>;
+
+    Group(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
+
+    void setTitle(const QString &);
+    void setGroupChecker(const std::function<void(QObject *)> &);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT SpinBox : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT SpinBox : public Widget
 {
 public:
-    SpinBox(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QSpinBox;
+    using I = BuilderItem<SpinBox>;
+
+    SpinBox(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
+
+    void setValue(int);
+    void onTextChanged(const std::function<void(QString)> &);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Splitter : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT PushButton : public Widget
 {
 public:
-    Splitter(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QPushButton;
+    using I = BuilderItem<PushButton>;
+
+    PushButton(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
+
+    void setText(const QString &);
+    void onClicked(const std::function<void()> &, QObject *guard);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT ToolBar : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT TextEdit : public Widget
 {
 public:
-    ToolBar(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QTextEdit;
+    using I = BuilderItem<TextEdit>;
+    using Id = Implementation *;
+
+    TextEdit(std::initializer_list<I> ps);
+
+    void setText(const QString &);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT TabWidget : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Splitter : public Widget
 {
 public:
-    TabWidget(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QSplitter;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Splitter>;
+
+    Splitter(std::initializer_list<I> items);
 };
 
-class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Application : public LayoutItem
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Stack : public Widget
 {
 public:
-    Application(std::initializer_list<LayoutItem> items);
+    using Implementation = QStackedWidget;
+    using I = BuilderItem<Stack>;
 
-    int exec(int &argc, char *argv[]);
+    Stack() : Stack({}) {}
+    Stack(std::initializer_list<I> items);
 };
 
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Tab : public Widget
+{
+public:
+    using Implementation = QWidget;
 
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT createItem(LayoutItem *item, const std::function<void(QObject *target)> &t);
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT createItem(LayoutItem *item, QWidget *t);
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT createItem(LayoutItem *item, QLayout *t);
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT createItem(LayoutItem *item, LayoutItem(*t)());
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT createItem(LayoutItem *item, const QString &t);
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT createItem(LayoutItem *item, const Span &t);
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT createItem(LayoutItem *item, const Space &t);
-void QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT createItem(LayoutItem *item, const Stretch &t);
-
+    Tab(const QString &tabName, const Layout &inner);
 
-// "Singletons"
+    const QString tabName;
+    const Layout inner;
+};
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem br();
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem st();
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem empty();
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem hr();
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem noMargin();
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem normalMargin();
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem customMargin(const QMargins &margin);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem withFormAlignment();
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT TabWidget : public Widget
+{
+public:
+    using Implementation = QTabWidget;
+    using I = BuilderItem<TabWidget>;
 
-// "Setters"
+    TabWidget(std::initializer_list<I> items);
+};
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem title(const QString &title);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem text(const QString &text);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem tooltip(const QString &toolTip);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem resize(int, int);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem columnStretch(int column, int stretch);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem spacing(int);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem windowTitle(const QString &windowTitle);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem fieldGrowthPolicy(QFormLayout::FieldGrowthPolicy policy);
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT ToolBar : public Widget
+{
+public:
+    using Implementation = QToolBar;
+    using I = Layouting::BuilderItem<ToolBar>;
 
+    ToolBar(std::initializer_list<I> items);
+};
 
-// "Getters"
+// Special
 
-class ID
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT If
 {
 public:
-    QObject *ob = nullptr;
+    If(bool condition,
+       const std::initializer_list<Layout::I> ifcase,
+       const std::initializer_list<Layout::I> thencase = {});
+
+    const std::initializer_list<Layout::I> used;
 };
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem id(ID &out);
+//
+// Dispatchers
+//
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void setText(ID id, const QString &text);
+// We need one 'Id' (and a corresponding function wrapping arguments into a
+// tuple marked by this id) per 'name' of "backend" setter member function,
+// i.e. one 'text' is sufficient for QLabel::setText, QLineEdit::setText.
+// The name of the Id does not have to match the backend names as it
+// is mapped per-backend-type in the respective setter implementation
+// but we assume that it generally makes sense to stay close to the
+// wrapped API name-wise.
 
+// These are free functions overloaded on the type of builder object
+// and setter id. The function implementations are independent, but
+// the base expectation is that they will forwards to the backend
+// type's setter.
 
-// "Signals"
+// Special dispatchers
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem onClicked(const std::function<void()> &,
-                                            QObject *guard = nullptr);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem onTextChanged(const std::function<void(const QString &)> &,
-                                                QObject *guard = nullptr);
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem onValueChanged(const std::function<void(int)> &,
-                                                QObject *guard = nullptr);
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutItem onTextChanged(ID &id, QVariant(*sig)(QObject *));
+class BindToId {};
 
-// Convenience
+template <typename T>
+auto bindTo(T **p)
+{
+    return IdAndArg{BindToId{}, p};
+}
 
-QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QWidget *createHr(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
+template <typename Interface>
+void doit(Interface *x, BindToId, auto p)
+{
+    *p = static_cast<typename Interface::Implementation *>(x->ptr);
+}
+
+class IdId {};
+auto id(auto p) { return IdAndArg{IdId{}, p}; }
+
+template <typename Interface>
+void doit(Interface *x, IdId, auto p)
+{
+    **p = static_cast<typename Interface::Implementation *>(x->ptr);
+}
+
+// Setter dispatchers
+
+#define QTCREATOR_SETTER(name, setter) \
+    class name##_TAG {}; \
+    inline auto name(auto p) { return IdAndArg{name##_TAG{}, p}; } \
+    inline void doit(auto x, name##_TAG, auto p) { x->setter(p); }
+
+#define QTCREATOR_SETTER2(name, setter) \
+    class name##_TAG {}; \
+    inline auto name(auto p1, auto p2) { return IdAndArg{name##_TAG{}, Arg2{p1, p2}}; } \
+    inline void doit(auto x, name##_TAG, auto p) { x->setter(p.p1, p.p2); }
+
+#define QTCREATOR_SETTER3(name, setter) \
+    class name##_TAG {}; \
+    inline auto name(auto p1, auto p2, auto p3) { return IdAndArg{name##_TAG{}, Arg3{p1, p2, p3}}; } \
+    inline void doit(auto x, name##_TAG, auto p) { x->setter(p.p1, p.p2, p.p3); }
+
+#define QTCREATOR_SETTER4(name, setter) \
+    class name##_TAG {}; \
+    inline auto name(auto p1, auto p2, auto p3, auto p4) { return IdAndArg{name##_TAG{}, Arg4{p1, p2, p3, p4}}; } \
+    inline void doit(auto x, name##_TAG, auto p) { x->setter(p.p1, p.p2, p.p3, p.p4); }
+
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(fieldGrowthPolicy, setFieldGrowthPolicy);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(groupChecker, setGroupChecker);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(openExternalLinks, setOpenExternalLinks);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER2(size, setSize)
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(text, setText)
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(textFormat, setTextFormat);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(textInteractionFlags, setTextInteractionFlags);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(title, setTitle)
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(toolTip, setToolTip);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(windowTitle, setWindowTitle);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER(wordWrap, setWordWrap);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER2(columnStretch, setColumnStretch);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER2(onClicked, onClicked);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER2(onLinkHovered, onLinkHovered);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER2(onTextChanged, onTextChanged);
+QTCREATOR_SETTER4(customMargins, setContentsMargins);
+
+// Nesting dispatchers
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Layout &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Widget &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, QWidget *inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, QLayout *inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const LayoutModifier &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const QString &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Space &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Stretch &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const If &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToLayout(Layout *layout, const Span &inner);
+// ... can be added to anywhere later to support "user types"
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToWidget(Widget *widget, const Layout &layout);
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToTabWidget(TabWidget *tabWidget, const Tab &inner);
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToSplitter(Splitter *splitter, QWidget *inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToSplitter(Splitter *splitter, const Widget &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToSplitter(Splitter *splitter, const Layout &inner);
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToStack(Stack *stack, QWidget *inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToStack(Stack *stack, const Widget &inner);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void addToStack(Stack *stack, const Layout &inner);
+
+template <class Inner>
+void doit_nested(Layout *outer, Inner && inner)
+{
+    addToLayout(outer, std::forward<Inner>(inner));
+}
+
+void doit_nested(Widget *outer, auto inner)
+{
+    addToWidget(outer, inner);
+}
+
+void doit_nested(TabWidget *outer, auto inner)
+{
+    addToTabWidget(outer, inner);
+}
+
+void doit_nested(Stack *outer, auto inner)
+{
+    addToStack(outer, inner);
+}
+
+void doit_nested(Splitter *outer, auto inner)
+{
+    addToSplitter(outer, inner);
+}
 
-template <class T>
-LayoutItem bindTo(T **out)
+template <class Inner>
+void doit(auto outer, NestId, Inner && inner)
 {
-    return [out](QObject *target) { *out = qobject_cast<T *>(target); };
+    doit_nested(outer, std::forward<Inner>(inner));
 }
 
+// Special layout items
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void empty(Layout *);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void br(Layout *);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void st(Layout *);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void noMargin(Layout *);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void normalMargin(Layout *);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void withFormAlignment(Layout *);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void hr(Layout *);
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LayoutModifier spacing(int space);
+
+// Convenience
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QWidget *createHr(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
 
 } // Layouting
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/lua.cpp b/src/libs/utils/lua.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f12c626f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/utils/lua.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "utilstr.h"
+
+namespace Utils {
+
+static LuaInterface *s_luaInterface = nullptr;
+
+void setLuaInterface(LuaInterface *luaInterface)
+{
+    s_luaInterface = luaInterface;
+}
+
+LuaInterface *luaInterface()
+{
+    return s_luaInterface;
+}
+
+expected_str<std::unique_ptr<LuaState>> runScript(const QString &script, const QString &name)
+{
+    if (!s_luaInterface)
+        return make_unexpected(Tr::tr("No Lua interface set"));
+
+    return s_luaInterface->runScript(script, name);
+}
+
+} // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/lua.h b/src/libs/utils/lua.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a3b8f7833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/utils/lua.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <QObject>
+
+#include "expected.h"
+#include "utils_global.h"
+
+namespace Utils {
+
+class LuaState
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~LuaState() = default;
+};
+
+class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LuaInterface
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~LuaInterface() = default;
+    virtual expected_str<std::unique_ptr<LuaState>> runScript(
+        const QString &script, const QString &name)
+        = 0;
+};
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT void setLuaInterface(LuaInterface *luaInterface);
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT LuaInterface *luaInterface();
+
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT expected_str<std::unique_ptr<LuaState>> runScript(
+    const QString &script, const QString &name);
+
+} // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/macroexpander.cpp b/src/libs/utils/macroexpander.cpp
index dd57cd6b5a..fc13897474 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/macroexpander.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/macroexpander.cpp
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ QByteArray MacroExpander::expand(const QByteArray &stringWithVariables) const
 
 QVariant MacroExpander::expandVariant(const QVariant &v) const
 {
-    const auto type = QMetaType::Type(v.type());
+    const int type = v.typeId();
     if (type == QMetaType::QString) {
         return expand(v.toString());
     } else if (type == QMetaType::QStringList) {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/macroexpander.h b/src/libs/utils/macroexpander.h
index adde4db1d3..fe98d46872 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/macroexpander.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/macroexpander.h
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 #include "utils_global.h"
 
-#include <QCoreApplication>
 #include <QList>
 
 #include <functional>
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/namevalueitem.cpp b/src/libs/utils/namevalueitem.cpp
index 3f4cdbd4b2..cb34f8a550 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/namevalueitem.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/namevalueitem.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ EnvironmentItems EnvironmentItem::fromStringList(const QStringList &list)
 {
     EnvironmentItems result;
     for (const QString &string : list) {
+        if (string.startsWith("##")) {
+            result.append({string.mid(2), {}, EnvironmentItem::Comment});
+            continue;
+        }
         int pos = string.indexOf("+=");
         if (pos != -1) {
             result.append({string.left(pos), string.mid(pos + 2), EnvironmentItem::Append});
@@ -59,6 +63,8 @@ QStringList EnvironmentItem::toStringList(const EnvironmentItems &list)
             return QString('#' + item.name + '=' + item.value);
         case EnvironmentItem::SetEnabled:
             return QString(item.name + '=' + item.value);
+        case EnvironmentItem::Comment:
+            return QString("##" + item.name);
         }
         return QString();
     });
@@ -170,6 +176,8 @@ void EnvironmentItem::apply(NameValueDictionary *dictionary, Operation op) const
             apply(dictionary, SetEnabled);
         }
     } break;
+    case Comment: // ignore comments when applying to environment
+        break;
     }
 }
 
@@ -195,6 +203,9 @@ QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, const EnvironmentItem &i)
     case EnvironmentItem::Append:
         debug << "append to \"" << i.name << "\":\"" << i.value << '"';
         break;
+    case EnvironmentItem::Comment:
+        debug << "comment:" << i.name;
+        break;
     }
     debug << ')';
     return debug;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/namevalueitem.h b/src/libs/utils/namevalueitem.h
index 6ad5ed0379..c518b17e66 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/namevalueitem.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/namevalueitem.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace Utils {
 class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT EnvironmentItem
 {
 public:
-    enum Operation : char { SetEnabled, Unset, Prepend, Append, SetDisabled };
+    enum Operation : char { SetEnabled, Unset, Prepend, Append, SetDisabled, Comment };
     EnvironmentItem() = default;
     EnvironmentItem(const QString &key, const QString &value, Operation operation = SetEnabled)
         : name(key)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/namevaluesdialog.cpp b/src/libs/utils/namevaluesdialog.cpp
index 0b009c7568..5a45c54a75 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/namevaluesdialog.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/namevaluesdialog.cpp
@@ -60,11 +60,12 @@ NameValueItemsWidget::NameValueItemsWidget(QWidget *parent)
     const QString helpText = Tr::tr(
         "Enter one environment variable per line.\n"
         "To set or change a variable, use VARIABLE=VALUE.\n"
+        "To disable a variable, prefix this line with \"#\".\n"
         "To append to a variable, use VARIABLE+=VALUE.\n"
         "To prepend to a variable, use VARIABLE=+VALUE.\n"
         "Existing variables can be referenced in a VALUE with ${OTHER}.\n"
         "To clear a variable, put its name on a line with nothing else on it.\n"
-        "To disable a variable, prefix the line with \"#\".");
+        "Lines starting with \"##\" will be treated as comments.");
 
     m_editor = new Internal::TextEditHelper(this);
     auto layout = new QVBoxLayout(this);
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ bool NameValueItemsWidget::editVariable(const QString &name, Selection selection
         skipWhiteSpace();
         if (offset < line.length()) {
             QChar nextChar = line.at(offset);
-            if (nextChar.isLetterOrNumber())
+            if (nextChar.isLetterOrNumber() || nextChar == '_')
                 continue;
             if (nextChar == '=') {
                 if (++offset < line.length() && line.at(offset) == '+')
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/osspecificaspects.h b/src/libs/utils/osspecificaspects.h
index c735f313ab..239290faec 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/osspecificaspects.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/osspecificaspects.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ namespace Utils {
 // Add more as needed.
 enum OsType { OsTypeWindows, OsTypeLinux, OsTypeMac, OsTypeOtherUnix, OsTypeOther };
 
+enum OsArch { OsArchUnknown, OsArchX86, OsArchAMD64, OsArchItanium, OsArchArm, OsArchArm64 };
+
 inline QString osTypeToString(OsType osType)
 {
     switch (osType) {
@@ -33,17 +35,33 @@ inline QString osTypeToString(OsType osType)
 
 inline OsType osTypeFromString(const QString &string)
 {
-    if (string == "Windows")
+    if (string.compare("windows", Qt::CaseInsensitive) == 0)
         return OsTypeWindows;
-    if (string == "Linux")
+    if (string.compare("linux", Qt::CaseInsensitive) == 0)
         return OsTypeLinux;
-    if (string == "Mac")
+    if (string.compare("mac", Qt::CaseInsensitive) == 0
+        || string.compare("darwin", Qt::CaseInsensitive) == 0)
         return OsTypeMac;
-    if (string == "Other Unix")
+    if (string.compare("other unix", Qt::CaseInsensitive) == 0)
         return OsTypeOtherUnix;
     return OsTypeOther;
 }
 
+inline OsArch osArchFromString(const QString &architecture)
+{
+    if (architecture == QLatin1String("x86_64"))
+        return OsArchAMD64;
+    if (architecture == QLatin1String("x86"))
+        return OsArchX86;
+    if (architecture == QLatin1String("ia64"))
+        return OsArchItanium;
+    if (architecture == QLatin1String("arm"))
+        return OsArchArm;
+    if (architecture == QLatin1String("arm64"))
+        return OsArchArm64;
+    return OsArchUnknown;
+}
+
 namespace OsSpecificAspects {
 
 inline QString withExecutableSuffix(OsType osType, const QString &executable)
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/outputformatter.cpp b/src/libs/utils/outputformatter.cpp
index f8b3d8cec7..d36662f4d3 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/outputformatter.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/outputformatter.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Link OutputLineParser::parseLinkTarget(const QString &target)
         return {};
     return Link(FilePath::fromString(parts.first()),
                 parts.length() > 1 ? parts.at(1).toInt() : 0,
-                parts.length() > 2 ? parts.at(2).toInt() : 0);
+                parts.length() > 2 ? parts.at(2).toInt() - 1 : 0);
 }
 
 // The redirection mechanism is needed for broken build tools (e.g. xcodebuild) that get invoked
@@ -141,26 +141,39 @@ FilePath OutputLineParser::absoluteFilePath(const FilePath &filePath) const
     return filePath;
 }
 
-void OutputLineParser::addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(OutputLineParser::LinkSpecs &linkSpecs,
-        const FilePath &filePath, int lineNo, int pos, int len)
+void OutputLineParser::addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(
+    OutputLineParser::LinkSpecs &linkSpecs,
+    const FilePath &filePath,
+    int lineNo,
+    int column,
+    int pos,
+    int len)
 {
     if (filePath.toFileInfo().isAbsolute())
-        linkSpecs.append({pos, len, createLinkTarget(filePath, lineNo)});
+        linkSpecs.append({pos, len, createLinkTarget(filePath, lineNo, column)});
 }
 
-void OutputLineParser::addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(OutputLineParser::LinkSpecs &linkSpecs,
-        const FilePath &filePath, int lineNo, const QRegularExpressionMatch &match,
-        int capIndex)
+void OutputLineParser::addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(
+    OutputLineParser::LinkSpecs &linkSpecs,
+    const FilePath &filePath,
+    int lineNo,
+    int column,
+    const QRegularExpressionMatch &match,
+    int capIndex)
 {
-    addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(linkSpecs, filePath, lineNo, match.capturedStart(capIndex),
-                                   match.capturedLength(capIndex));
+    addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(linkSpecs, filePath, lineNo, column,
+                                   match.capturedStart(capIndex), match.capturedLength(capIndex));
 }
-void OutputLineParser::addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(OutputLineParser::LinkSpecs &linkSpecs,
-        const FilePath &filePath, int lineNo, const QRegularExpressionMatch &match,
-                                                      const QString &capName)
+void OutputLineParser::addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(
+    OutputLineParser::LinkSpecs &linkSpecs,
+    const FilePath &filePath,
+    int lineNo,
+    int column,
+    const QRegularExpressionMatch &match,
+    const QString &capName)
 {
-    addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(linkSpecs, filePath, lineNo, match.capturedStart(capName),
-                                   match.capturedLength(capName));
+    addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(linkSpecs, filePath, lineNo, column,
+                                   match.capturedStart(capName), match.capturedLength(capName));
 }
 
 bool Utils::OutputLineParser::fileExists(const FilePath &fp) const
@@ -342,6 +355,7 @@ OutputLineParser::Result OutputFormatter::handleMessage(const QString &text, Out
                 = d->nextParser->handleLine(text, outputTypeForParser(d->nextParser, format));
         switch (res.status) {
         case OutputLineParser::Status::Done:
+            d->nextParser->flush();
             d->nextParser = nullptr;
             return res;
         case OutputLineParser::Status::InProgress:
@@ -359,6 +373,7 @@ OutputLineParser::Result OutputFormatter::handleMessage(const QString &text, Out
                 = parser->handleLine(text, outputTypeForParser(parser, format));
         switch (res.status) {
         case OutputLineParser::Status::Done:
+            parser->flush();
             involvedParsers << parser;
             return res;
         case OutputLineParser::Status::InProgress:
@@ -402,23 +417,32 @@ const QList<FormattedText> OutputFormatter::linkifiedText(
         }
 
         for (int nextLocalTextPos = 0; nextLocalTextPos < t.text.size(); ) {
-
-            // There are no more links in this part, so copy the rest of the text as-is.
-            if (nextLinkSpecIndex >= linkSpecs.size()) {
+            const auto copyRestOfSegmentAsIs = [&] {
                 linkified << FormattedText(t.text.mid(nextLocalTextPos), t.format);
                 totalTextLengthSoFar += t.text.length() - nextLocalTextPos;
+            };
+
+            // We are out of links.
+            if (nextLinkSpecIndex >= linkSpecs.size()) {
+                copyRestOfSegmentAsIs();
                 break;
             }
 
             const OutputLineParser::LinkSpec &linkSpec = linkSpecs.at(nextLinkSpecIndex);
             const int localLinkStartPos = linkSpec.startPos - totalPreviousTextLength;
+
+            // There are more links, but not in this segment.
+            if (localLinkStartPos >= t.text.size()) {
+                copyRestOfSegmentAsIs();
+                break;
+            }
+
             ++nextLinkSpecIndex;
 
             // We ignore links that would cross format boundaries.
             if (localLinkStartPos < nextLocalTextPos
                     || localLinkStartPos + linkSpec.length > t.text.length()) {
-                linkified << FormattedText(t.text.mid(nextLocalTextPos), t.format);
-                totalTextLengthSoFar += t.text.length() - nextLocalTextPos;
+                copyRestOfSegmentAsIs();
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -456,7 +480,7 @@ void OutputFormatter::append(const QString &text, const QTextCharFormat &format)
 QTextCharFormat OutputFormatter::linkFormat(const QTextCharFormat &inputFormat, const QString &href)
 {
     QTextCharFormat result = inputFormat;
-    result.setForeground(creatorTheme()->color(Theme::TextColorLink));
+    result.setForeground(creatorColor(Theme::TextColorLink));
     result.setUnderlineStyle(QTextCharFormat::SingleUnderline);
     result.setAnchor(true);
     result.setAnchorHref(href);
@@ -491,14 +515,13 @@ void OutputFormatter::initFormats()
     if (!plainTextEdit())
         return;
 
-    Theme *theme = creatorTheme();
-    d->formats[NormalMessageFormat].setForeground(theme->color(Theme::OutputPanes_NormalMessageTextColor));
-    d->formats[ErrorMessageFormat].setForeground(theme->color(Theme::OutputPanes_ErrorMessageTextColor));
-    d->formats[LogMessageFormat].setForeground(theme->color(Theme::OutputPanes_WarningMessageTextColor));
-    d->formats[StdOutFormat].setForeground(theme->color(Theme::OutputPanes_StdOutTextColor));
-    d->formats[StdErrFormat].setForeground(theme->color(Theme::OutputPanes_StdErrTextColor));
-    d->formats[DebugFormat].setForeground(theme->color(Theme::OutputPanes_DebugTextColor));
-    d->formats[GeneralMessageFormat].setForeground(theme->color(Theme::OutputPanes_DebugTextColor));
+    d->formats[NormalMessageFormat].setForeground(creatorColor(Theme::OutputPanes_NormalMessageTextColor));
+    d->formats[ErrorMessageFormat].setForeground(creatorColor(Theme::OutputPanes_ErrorMessageTextColor));
+    d->formats[LogMessageFormat].setForeground(creatorColor(Theme::OutputPanes_WarningMessageTextColor));
+    d->formats[StdOutFormat].setForeground(creatorColor(Theme::OutputPanes_StdOutTextColor));
+    d->formats[StdErrFormat].setForeground(creatorColor(Theme::OutputPanes_StdErrTextColor));
+    d->formats[DebugFormat].setForeground(creatorColor(Theme::OutputPanes_DebugTextColor));
+    d->formats[GeneralMessageFormat].setForeground(creatorColor(Theme::OutputPanes_DebugTextColor));
     setBoldFontEnabled(d->boldFontEnabled);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/outputformatter.h b/src/libs/utils/outputformatter.h
index d26dc64327..da4dfe8a3a 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/outputformatter.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/outputformatter.h
@@ -93,12 +93,13 @@ protected:
     Utils::FilePath absoluteFilePath(const Utils::FilePath &filePath) const;
     static QString createLinkTarget(const FilePath &filePath, int line, int column);
     static void addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(LinkSpecs &linkSpecs, const FilePath &filePath,
-                                               int lineNo, int pos, int len);
+                                               int lineNo, int column, int pos, int len);
     static void addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(LinkSpecs &linkSpecs, const FilePath &filePath,
-                                               int lineNo, const QRegularExpressionMatch &match,
-                                               int capIndex);
+                                               int lineNo, int column,
+                                               const QRegularExpressionMatch &match, int capIndex);
     static void addLinkSpecForAbsoluteFilePath(LinkSpecs &linkSpecs, const FilePath &filePath,
-                                               int lineNo, const QRegularExpressionMatch &match,
+                                               int lineNo, int column,
+                                               const QRegularExpressionMatch &match,
                                                const QString &capName);
     bool fileExists(const Utils::FilePath &fp) const;
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/overlaywidget.cpp b/src/libs/utils/overlaywidget.cpp
index 720c5a90e1..950dc4b5dc 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/overlaywidget.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/overlaywidget.cpp
@@ -8,16 +8,34 @@
 #include <QEvent>
 #include <QPainter>
 
+namespace Utils::Internal {
+class OverlayWidgetPrivate
+{
+public:
+    OverlayWidget::PaintFunction m_paint;
+    OverlayWidget::ResizeFunction m_resize;
+};
+} // namespace Utils::Internal
+
 Utils::OverlayWidget::OverlayWidget(QWidget *parent)
+    : d(new Internal::OverlayWidgetPrivate)
 {
     setAttribute(Qt::WA_TransparentForMouseEvents);
     if (parent)
         attachToWidget(parent);
+    d->m_resize = [](QWidget *w, const QSize &size) { w->setGeometry(QRect(QPoint(0, 0), size)); };
 }
 
+Utils::OverlayWidget::~OverlayWidget() = default;
+
 void Utils::OverlayWidget::setPaintFunction(const Utils::OverlayWidget::PaintFunction &paint)
 {
-    m_paint = paint;
+    d->m_paint = paint;
+}
+
+void Utils::OverlayWidget::setResizeFunction(const ResizeFunction &resize)
+{
+    d->m_resize = resize;
 }
 
 bool Utils::OverlayWidget::eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *ev)
@@ -29,9 +47,9 @@ bool Utils::OverlayWidget::eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *ev)
 
 void Utils::OverlayWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *ev)
 {
-    if (m_paint) {
+    if (d->m_paint) {
         QPainter p(this);
-        m_paint(this, p, ev);
+        d->m_paint(this, p, ev);
     }
 }
 
@@ -50,5 +68,6 @@ void Utils::OverlayWidget::attachToWidget(QWidget *parent)
 void Utils::OverlayWidget::resizeToParent()
 {
     QTC_ASSERT(parentWidget(), return );
-    setGeometry(QRect(QPoint(0, 0), parentWidget()->size()));
+    if (d->m_resize)
+        d->m_resize(this, parentWidget()->size());
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/overlaywidget.h b/src/libs/utils/overlaywidget.h
index 8bc5b7d1eb..c5686ad171 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/overlaywidget.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/overlaywidget.h
@@ -8,18 +8,26 @@
 #include <QWidget>
 
 #include <functional>
+#include <memory>
 
 namespace Utils {
 
+namespace Internal {
+class OverlayWidgetPrivate;
+}
+
 class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT OverlayWidget : public QWidget
 {
 public:
     using PaintFunction = std::function<void(QWidget *, QPainter &, QPaintEvent *)>;
+    using ResizeFunction = std::function<void(QWidget *, QSize)>;
 
     explicit OverlayWidget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
+    ~OverlayWidget();
 
     void attachToWidget(QWidget *parent);
     void setPaintFunction(const PaintFunction &paint);
+    void setResizeFunction(const ResizeFunction &resize);
 
 protected:
     bool eventFilter(QObject *obj, QEvent *ev) override;
@@ -28,7 +36,7 @@ protected:
 private:
     void resizeToParent();
 
-    PaintFunction m_paint;
+    std::unique_ptr<Internal::OverlayWidgetPrivate> d;
 };
 
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/passworddialog.cpp b/src/libs/utils/passworddialog.cpp
index 7958f7d6bd..94de5f7f0f 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/passworddialog.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/passworddialog.cpp
@@ -34,10 +34,9 @@ void ShowPasswordButton::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *e)
     QRect r(QPoint(), size());
 
     if (m_containsMouse && isEnabled())
-        StyleHelper::drawPanelBgRect(&p, r, creatorTheme()->color(Theme::FancyToolButtonHoverColor));
+        StyleHelper::drawPanelBgRect(&p, r, creatorColor(Theme::FancyToolButtonHoverColor));
 
-    QWindow *window = this->window()->windowHandle();
-    QSize s = icon.actualSize(window, QSize(32, 16));
+    QSize s = icon.actualSize(QSize(32, 16));
 
     QPixmap px = icon.pixmap(s);
     QRect iRect(QPoint(), s);
@@ -61,8 +60,7 @@ void ShowPasswordButton::leaveEvent(QEvent *e)
 
 QSize ShowPasswordButton::sizeHint() const
 {
-    QWindow *window = this->window()->windowHandle();
-    QSize s = Utils::Icons::EYE_OPEN_TOOLBAR.icon().actualSize(window, QSize(32, 16)) + QSize(8, 8);
+    QSize s = Utils::Icons::EYE_OPEN_TOOLBAR.icon().actualSize(QSize(32, 16)) + QSize(8, 8);
 
     if (StyleHelper::toolbarStyle() == StyleHelper::ToolbarStyleRelaxed)
         s += QSize(5, 5);
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/pathchooser.cpp b/src/libs/utils/pathchooser.cpp
index 437b94bb5c..9b2177fedb 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/pathchooser.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/pathchooser.cpp
@@ -5,19 +5,21 @@
 
 #include "async.h"
 #include "commandline.h"
+#include "datafromprocess.h"
 #include "environment.h"
 #include "fileutils.h"
 #include "guard.h"
 #include "hostosinfo.h"
 #include "macroexpander.h"
 #include "optionpushbutton.h"
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 #include "qtcassert.h"
 #include "utilstr.h"
 
 #include <QFileDialog>
 #include <QFuture>
 #include <QGuiApplication>
+#include <QHelpEvent>
 #include <QHBoxLayout>
 #include <QMenu>
 #include <QPushButton>
@@ -84,8 +86,6 @@ public:
     QStringList arguments() const { return m_arguments; }
     void setArguments(const QStringList &arguments) { m_arguments = arguments; }
 
-    static QString toolVersion(const CommandLine &cmd);
-
 private:
     // Extension point for concatenating existing tooltips.
     virtual QString defaultToolTip() const  { return QString(); }
@@ -107,38 +107,40 @@ bool BinaryVersionToolTipEventFilter::eventFilter(QObject *o, QEvent *e)
     QTC_ASSERT(le, return false);
 
     const QString binary = le->text();
-    if (!binary.isEmpty()) {
-        const QString version = BinaryVersionToolTipEventFilter::toolVersion(
-                    CommandLine(FilePath::fromString(QDir::cleanPath(binary)), m_arguments));
-        if (!version.isEmpty()) {
-            // Concatenate tooltips.
-            QString tooltip = "<html><head/><body>";
-            const QString defaultValue = defaultToolTip();
-            if (!defaultValue.isEmpty()) {
-                tooltip += "<p>";
-                tooltip += defaultValue;
-                tooltip += "</p>";
-            }
-            tooltip += "<pre>";
-            tooltip += version;
-            tooltip += "</pre><body></html>";
-            le->setToolTip(tooltip);
+    DataFromProcess<QString>::Parameters params(CommandLine(FilePath::fromUserInput(binary),
+                                                            m_arguments),
+                                                [](const QString &output) { return output; });
+    params.callback = [binary, self = QPointer(this),
+                       le = QPointer(le)](const std::optional<QString> &version) {
+        if (!self || !le)
+            return;
+        if (!version || version->isEmpty())
+            return;
+        if (binary != le->text())
+            return;
+
+        // Concatenate tooltips.
+        QString tooltip = "<html><head/><body>";
+        const QString defaultValue = self->defaultToolTip();
+        if (!defaultValue.isEmpty()) {
+            tooltip += "<p>";
+            tooltip += defaultValue;
+            tooltip += "</p>";
         }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
+        tooltip += "<pre>";
+        tooltip += *version;
+        tooltip += "</pre><body></html>";
+        le->setToolTip(tooltip);
+        if (QRect(le->mapToGlobal(QPoint(0, 0)), le->size()).contains(QCursor::pos())) {
+            QCoreApplication::postEvent(le,
+                                        new QHelpEvent(QEvent::ToolTip,
+                                                       le->mapFromGlobal(QCursor::pos()),
+                                                       QCursor::pos()));
+        }
+    };
+    DataFromProcess<QString>::provideData(params);
 
-QString BinaryVersionToolTipEventFilter::toolVersion(const CommandLine &cmd)
-{
-    if (cmd.executable().isEmpty())
-        return QString();
-    Process proc;
-    proc.setCommand(cmd);
-    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-    proc.runBlocking(1s);
-    if (proc.result() != ProcessResult::FinishedWithSuccess)
-        return QString();
-    return proc.allOutput();
+    return false;
 }
 
 // Extends BinaryVersionToolTipEventFilter to prepend the existing pathchooser
@@ -724,11 +726,6 @@ FancyLineEdit *PathChooser::lineEdit() const
     return d->m_lineEdit;
 }
 
-QString PathChooser::toolVersion(const CommandLine &cmd)
-{
-    return BinaryVersionToolTipEventFilter::toolVersion(cmd);
-}
-
 void PathChooser::installLineEditVersionToolTip(QLineEdit *le, const QStringList &arguments)
 {
     auto ef = new BinaryVersionToolTipEventFilter(le);
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/pathchooser.h b/src/libs/utils/pathchooser.h
index a91a853938..a3e259a748 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/pathchooser.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/pathchooser.h
@@ -99,8 +99,6 @@ public:
     QStringList commandVersionArguments() const;
     void setCommandVersionArguments(const QStringList &arguments);
 
-    // Utility to run a tool and return its stdout.
-    static QString toolVersion(const CommandLine &cmd);
     // Install a tooltip on lineedits used for binaries showing the version.
     static void installLineEditVersionToolTip(QLineEdit *le, const QStringList &arguments);
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/persistentsettings.cpp b/src/libs/utils/persistentsettings.cpp
index 54a829004b..3702ecf960 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/persistentsettings.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/persistentsettings.cpp
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ const QString keyAttribute("key");
 
 struct ParseValueStackEntry
 {
-    explicit ParseValueStackEntry(QVariant::Type t = QVariant::Invalid, const QString &k = {}) : type(t), key(k) {}
+    explicit ParseValueStackEntry(QMetaType::Type t = QMetaType::UnknownType, const QString &k = {}) : typeId(t), key(k) {}
     explicit ParseValueStackEntry(const QVariant &aSimpleValue, const QString &k);
 
     QVariant value() const;
     void addChild(const QString &key, const QVariant &v);
 
-    QVariant::Type type;
+    QMetaType::Type typeId;
     QString key;
     QVariant simpleValue;
     QVariantList listValue;
@@ -120,19 +120,19 @@ struct ParseValueStackEntry
 };
 
 ParseValueStackEntry::ParseValueStackEntry(const QVariant &aSimpleValue, const QString &k)
-    : type(aSimpleValue.type()), key(k), simpleValue(aSimpleValue)
+    : typeId(QMetaType::Type(aSimpleValue.typeId())), key(k), simpleValue(aSimpleValue)
 {
     QTC_ASSERT(simpleValue.isValid(), return);
 }
 
 QVariant ParseValueStackEntry::value() const
 {
-    switch (type) {
-    case QVariant::Invalid:
+    switch (typeId) {
+    case QMetaType::UnknownType:
         return QVariant();
-    case QVariant::Map:
+    case QMetaType::QVariantMap:
         return QVariant(mapValue);
-    case QVariant::List:
+    case QMetaType::QVariantList:
         return QVariant(listValue);
     default:
         break;
@@ -142,16 +142,16 @@ QVariant ParseValueStackEntry::value() const
 
 void ParseValueStackEntry::addChild(const QString &key, const QVariant &v)
 {
-    switch (type) {
-    case QVariant::Map:
+    switch (typeId) {
+    case QMetaType::QVariantMap:
         mapValue.insert(key, v);
         break;
-    case QVariant::List:
+    case QMetaType::QVariantList:
         listValue.push_back(v);
         break;
     default:
         qWarning() << "ParseValueStackEntry::Internal error adding " << key << v << " to "
-                 << QVariant::typeToName(type) << value();
+                 << QMetaType(typeId).name() << value();
         break;
     }
 }
@@ -226,14 +226,14 @@ bool ParseContext::handleStartElement(QXmlStreamReader &r)
         const QXmlStreamAttributes attributes = r.attributes();
         const QString key = attributes.hasAttribute(keyAttribute) ?
                     attributes.value(keyAttribute).toString() : QString();
-        m_valueStack.push_back(ParseValueStackEntry(QVariant::List, key));
+        m_valueStack.push_back(ParseValueStackEntry(QMetaType::QVariantList, key));
         return false;
     }
     if (name == valueMapElement) {
         const QXmlStreamAttributes attributes = r.attributes();
         const QString key = attributes.hasAttribute(keyAttribute) ?
                     attributes.value(keyAttribute).toString() : QString();
-        m_valueStack.push_back(ParseValueStackEntry(QVariant::Map, key));
+        m_valueStack.push_back(ParseValueStackEntry(QMetaType::QVariantMap, key));
         return false;
     }
     return false;
@@ -369,8 +369,8 @@ static void writeVariantValue(QXmlStreamWriter &w, const QVariant &variant, cons
         w.writeAttribute(typeAttribute, QLatin1String(variant.typeName()));
         if (!key.isEmpty())
             w.writeAttribute(keyAttribute, xmlAttrFromKey(key));
-        switch (variant.type()) {
-        case QVariant::Rect:
+        switch (variant.typeId()) {
+        case QMetaType::QRect:
             w.writeCharacters(rectangleToString(variant.toRect()));
             break;
         default:
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/processhandle_mac.mm b/src/libs/utils/processhandle_mac.mm
index 52cc0d3e07..f492dae37d 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/processhandle_mac.mm
+++ b/src/libs/utils/processhandle_mac.mm
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ bool ProcessHandle::activate()
 {
     NSRunningApplication *app = [NSRunningApplication
             runningApplicationWithProcessIdentifier:pid()];
-    return app && [app activateWithOptions:static_cast<NSApplicationActivationOptions>(
-            NSApplicationActivateIgnoringOtherApps)];
+    return app && [app activateWithOptions:NSApplicationActivateAllWindows];
 }
 
 } // Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/processhelper.cpp b/src/libs/utils/processhelper.cpp
index 6045b77bec..7e7f34cf42 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/processhelper.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/processhelper.cpp
@@ -55,12 +55,13 @@ void ProcessStartHandler::setNativeArguments(const QString &arguments)
 #endif // Q_OS_WIN
 }
 
-void ProcessStartHandler::setWindowsSpecificStartupFlags(bool belowNormalPriority,
-                                                         bool createConsoleWindow)
+void ProcessStartHandler::setWindowsSpecificStartupFlags(
+    bool belowNormalPriority, bool createConsoleWindow, bool forceDefaultErrorMode)
 {
 #ifdef Q_OS_WIN
     m_process->setCreateProcessArgumentsModifier(
-        [belowNormalPriority, createConsoleWindow](QProcess::CreateProcessArguments *args) {
+        [belowNormalPriority, createConsoleWindow, forceDefaultErrorMode](
+            QProcess::CreateProcessArguments *args) {
             if (createConsoleWindow) {
                 args->flags |= CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE;
                 args->startupInfo->dwFlags &= ~STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
@@ -69,11 +70,13 @@ void ProcessStartHandler::setWindowsSpecificStartupFlags(bool belowNormalPriorit
             if (belowNormalPriority)
                 args->flags |= BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
 
-            args->flags |= CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE;
+            if (forceDefaultErrorMode)
+                args->flags |= CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE;
         });
 #else // Q_OS_WIN
     Q_UNUSED(belowNormalPriority)
     Q_UNUSED(createConsoleWindow)
+    Q_UNUSED(forceDefaultErrorMode)
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/processhelper.h b/src/libs/utils/processhelper.h
index a4efc17ae5..7c40cb3faa 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/processhelper.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/processhelper.h
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ public:
     void handleProcessStart();
     void handleProcessStarted();
     void setNativeArguments(const QString &arguments);
-    void setWindowsSpecificStartupFlags(bool belowNormalPriority, bool createConsoleWindow);
+    void setWindowsSpecificStartupFlags(
+        bool belowNormalPriority, bool createConsoleWindow, bool forceDefaultErrorMode);
 
 private:
     ProcessMode m_processMode = ProcessMode::Reader;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/processinfo.cpp b/src/libs/utils/processinfo.cpp
index 499745473e..0717bddbe9 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/processinfo.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/processinfo.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "processinfo.h"
 
 #include "algorithm.h"
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 
 #include <QDir>
 #include <QRegularExpression>
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/processinterface.h b/src/libs/utils/processinterface.h
index 1e233b88ab..4d230c4ef9 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/processinterface.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/processinterface.h
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ public:
     bool m_useCtrlCStub = false;
     bool m_belowNormalPriority = false; // internal, dependent on other fields and specific code path
     bool m_createConsoleOnWindows = false;
+    bool m_forceDefaultErrorMode = false;
 };
 
 class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT ProcessResultData
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/projectintropage.cpp b/src/libs/utils/projectintropage.cpp
index 1f32cce6bc..2c8b43b66a 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/projectintropage.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/projectintropage.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ ProjectIntroPage::ProjectIntroPage(QWidget *parent) :
     using namespace Layouting;
 
     Form {
-        Tr::tr("Name:"), d->m_nameLineEdit, br,
+        Tr::tr("Name:"), d->m_nameLineEdit,
+                br,
         d->m_projectLabel, d->m_projectComboBox, br,
         Column { Space(12) }, br,
         Tr::tr("Create in:"), d->m_pathChooser, br,
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ ProjectIntroPage::ProjectIntroPage(QWidget *parent) :
     connect(d->m_nameLineEdit, &FancyLineEdit::validReturnPressed,
             this, &ProjectIntroPage::slotActivated);
     connect(d->m_projectComboBox, &QComboBox::currentIndexChanged,
-            this, &ProjectIntroPage::slotChanged);
+            this, &ProjectIntroPage::onCurrentProjectIndexChanged);
 
     setProperty(SHORT_TITLE_PROPERTY, Tr::tr("Location"));
     registerFieldWithName(QLatin1String("Path"), d->m_pathChooser, "path", SIGNAL(textChanged(QString)));
@@ -192,15 +193,10 @@ bool ProjectIntroPage::isComplete() const
 
 bool ProjectIntroPage::validate()
 {
-    if (d->m_forceSubProject) {
-        int index = d->m_projectComboBox->currentIndex();
-        if (index == 0)
-            return false;
-        d->m_pathChooser->setFilePath(d->m_projectDirectories.at(index));
-    }
     // Validate and display status
     if (!d->m_pathChooser->isValid()) {
-        displayStatusMessage(InfoLabel::Error, d->m_pathChooser->errorMessage());
+        if (const QString msg = d->m_pathChooser->errorMessage(); !msg.isEmpty())
+            displayStatusMessage(InfoLabel::Error, msg);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -259,6 +255,25 @@ void ProjectIntroPage::slotActivated()
         emit activated();
 }
 
+void ProjectIntroPage::onCurrentProjectIndexChanged(int index)
+{
+    if (d->m_forceSubProject) {
+        const int available = d->m_projectDirectories.size();
+        if (available == 0)
+            return;
+        QTC_ASSERT(index < available, return);
+        if (index < 0)
+            return;
+
+        const FilePath current = d->m_projectDirectories.at(index);
+        const FilePath visible = d->m_pathChooser->filePath();
+        if (visible != current && !visible.isChildOf(current))
+            d->m_pathChooser->setFilePath(current);
+
+        fieldsUpdated();
+    }
+}
+
 bool ProjectIntroPage::forceSubProject() const
 {
     return d->m_forceSubProject;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/projectintropage.h b/src/libs/utils/projectintropage.h
index 48b2f6b036..562b5b06e4 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/projectintropage.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/projectintropage.h
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ public slots:
 private:
     void slotChanged();
     void slotActivated();
+    void onCurrentProjectIndexChanged(int index);
 
     bool validate();
     void displayStatusMessage(InfoLabel::InfoType t, const QString &);
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/qtcolorbutton.cpp b/src/libs/utils/qtcolorbutton.cpp
index 6a8537bd5f..5be9c9c069 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/qtcolorbutton.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/qtcolorbutton.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ void QtColorButton::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
         constexpr int size = 11;
         const qreal horPadding = (width() - size) / 2.0;
         const qreal verPadding = (height() - size) / 2.0;
-        const QPen pen(creatorTheme()->color(overlayColor), 2);
+        const QPen pen(creatorColor(overlayColor), 2);
 
         p.save();
         p.setOpacity(overlayOpacity);
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ void QtColorButton::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event)
         p.setPen(pen);
         p.setCompositionMode(QPainter::CompositionMode_Difference);
     } else {
-        p.setPen(creatorTheme()->color(overlayColor));
+        p.setPen(creatorColor(overlayColor));
         p.setOpacity(overlayOpacity);
     }
     p.drawRect(rect().adjusted(0, 0, -1, -1));
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/process.cpp b/src/libs/utils/qtcprocess.cpp
index d97fea174d..5e0918ed70 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/process.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/qtcprocess.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 
 #include "algorithm.h"
 #include "environment.h"
@@ -511,7 +511,8 @@ private:
         handler->setWriteData(m_setup.m_writeData);
         handler->setNativeArguments(m_setup.m_nativeArguments);
         handler->setWindowsSpecificStartupFlags(m_setup.m_belowNormalPriority,
-                                                m_setup.m_createConsoleOnWindows);
+                                                m_setup.m_createConsoleOnWindows,
+                                                m_setup.m_forceDefaultErrorMode);
 
         const QProcessEnvironment penv = m_setup.m_environment.toProcessEnvironment();
         if (!penv.isEmpty())
@@ -1360,7 +1361,7 @@ QString Process::toStandaloneCommandLine() const
     parts.append("/usr/bin/env");
     if (!d->m_setup.m_workingDirectory.isEmpty()) {
         parts.append("-C");
-        d->m_setup.m_workingDirectory.path();
+        parts.append(d->m_setup.m_workingDirectory.path());
     }
     parts.append("-i");
     if (d->m_setup.m_environment.hasChanges()) {
@@ -1383,6 +1384,16 @@ bool Process::createConsoleOnWindows() const
     return d->m_setup.m_createConsoleOnWindows;
 }
 
+void Process::setForceDefaultErrorModeOnWindows(bool force)
+{
+    d->m_setup.m_forceDefaultErrorMode = force;
+}
+
+bool Process::forceDefaultErrorModeOnWindows() const
+{
+    return d->m_setup.m_forceDefaultErrorMode;
+}
+
 void Process::setExtraData(const QString &key, const QVariant &value)
 {
     d->m_setup.m_extraData.insert(key, value);
@@ -2181,4 +2192,4 @@ void ProcessTaskAdapter::start()
 
 } // namespace Utils
 
-#include "process.moc"
+#include "qtcprocess.moc"
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/process.h b/src/libs/utils/qtcprocess.h
index 694c1a12a8..3f043214f9 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/process.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/qtcprocess.h
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
 
-#if defined(Q_CC_MINGW) && defined(WIN_PTHREADS_H) && !defined(_INC_PROCESS)
-  // Arrived here via <pthread.h> which wants to include <process.h>
-  #include_next <process.h>
-#elif !defined(UTILS_PROCESS_H)
-#define UTILS_PROCESS_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include "utils_global.h"
 
@@ -191,6 +187,9 @@ public:
     void setCreateConsoleOnWindows(bool create);
     bool createConsoleOnWindows() const;
 
+    void setForceDefaultErrorModeOnWindows(bool force);
+    bool forceDefaultErrorModeOnWindows() const;
+
 signals:
     void starting(); // On NotRunning -> Starting state transition
     void started();  // On Starting -> Running state transition
@@ -223,5 +222,3 @@ public:
 using ProcessTask = Tasking::CustomTask<ProcessTaskAdapter>;
 
 } // namespace Utils
-
-#endif // UTILS_PROCESS_H
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/ranges.h b/src/libs/utils/ranges.h
index 8b574e08d6..825b4da41b 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/ranges.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/ranges.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_ranges) && __cpp_lib_ranges >= 201911L
 #include <ranges>
 
 namespace Utils {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/smallstring.h b/src/libs/utils/smallstring.h
index c424e9e1ab..e8c3d74b92 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/smallstring.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/smallstring.h
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
                            static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(begin, end))}
     {}
 
-    template<typename Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<Type>::value>>
+    template<typename Type, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<Type>::value, bool> = true>
     BasicSmallString(Type characterPointer) noexcept
         : BasicSmallString(characterPointer, std::char_traits<char>::length(characterPointer))
     {
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public:
 
     template<typename BeginIterator,
              typename EndIterator,
-             typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<BeginIterator, EndIterator>::value>>
+             typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<BeginIterator, EndIterator>::value, bool> = true>
     BasicSmallString(BeginIterator begin, EndIterator end) noexcept
         : BasicSmallString(&(*begin), size_type(end - begin))
     {}
@@ -200,12 +200,10 @@ public:
 
     operator SmallStringView() const noexcept { return SmallStringView(data(), size()); }
 
- #if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 4, 0)
     explicit operator QLatin1StringView() const noexcept
     {
         return QLatin1StringView(data(), Utils::ssize(*this));
     }
-#endif
 
     operator QUtf8StringView() const noexcept
     {
@@ -356,6 +354,14 @@ public:
         return false;
     }
 
+    bool startsWith(QStringView subStringToSearch) const noexcept
+    {
+        if (size() >= Utils::usize(subStringToSearch))
+            return subStringToSearch == QLatin1StringView{data(), subStringToSearch.size()};
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
     bool startsWith(char characterToSearch) const noexcept
     {
         return data()[0] == characterToSearch;
@@ -425,13 +431,55 @@ public:
         size_type oldSize = size();
         size_type newSize = oldSize + string.size();
 
-        reserve(optimalCapacity(newSize));
+        if (fitsNotInCapacity(newSize))
+            reserve(optimalCapacity(newSize));
+
         std::char_traits<char>::copy(std::next(data(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(oldSize)),
                                      string.data(),
                                      string.size());
         setSize(newSize);
     }
 
+    void append(char character) noexcept
+    {
+        size_type oldSize = size();
+        size_type newSize = oldSize + 1;
+
+        if (fitsNotInCapacity(newSize))
+            reserve(optimalCapacity(newSize));
+
+        auto current = std::next(data(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(oldSize));
+        *current = character;
+        setSize(newSize);
+    }
+
+    template<typename Type, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>, bool> = true>
+    void append(Type number)
+    {
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_to_chars) && (__cpp_lib_to_chars >= 201611L)
+        // 2 bytes for the sign and because digits10 returns the floor
+        char buffer[std::numeric_limits<Type>::digits10 + 2];
+        auto result = std::to_chars(buffer, buffer + sizeof(buffer), number);
+        auto endOfConversionString = result.ptr;
+
+        append({buffer, endOfConversionString});
+#else
+        if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<Type>) {
+            QLocale locale{QLocale::Language::C};
+            append(locale.toString(number));
+            return;
+        } else {
+            // 2 bytes for the sign and because digits10 returns the floor
+            char buffer[std::numeric_limits<Type>::digits10 + 2];
+            auto result = std::to_chars(buffer, buffer + sizeof(buffer), number);
+            auto endOfConversionString = result.ptr;
+
+            append({buffer, endOfConversionString});
+        }
+
+#endif
+    }
+
     void append(QStringView string) noexcept
     {
         QStringEncoder encoder{QStringEncoder::Utf8};
@@ -471,6 +519,13 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    BasicSmallString &operator+=(char character) noexcept
+    {
+        append(character);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     BasicSmallString &operator+=(QStringView string) noexcept
     {
         append(string);
@@ -478,6 +533,14 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    template<typename Type, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>, bool> = true>
+    BasicSmallString &operator+=(Type number) noexcept
+    {
+        append(number);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     BasicSmallString &operator+=(std::initializer_list<SmallStringView> list) noexcept
     {
         appendInitializerList(list, size());
@@ -548,52 +611,46 @@ public:
         return m_data.control.shortStringSize();
     }
 
-    static BasicSmallString join(std::initializer_list<SmallStringView> list) noexcept
+    static BasicSmallString join(std::initializer_list<SmallStringView> list,
+                                 Utils::SmallStringView separator) noexcept
     {
         size_type totalSize = 0;
         for (SmallStringView string : list)
-            totalSize += string.size();
+            totalSize += string.size() + separator.size();
 
         BasicSmallString joinedString;
         joinedString.reserve(totalSize);
 
-        for (SmallStringView string : list)
-            joinedString.append(string);
+        for (auto it = list.begin(); it != list.end(); ++it) {
+            joinedString.append(*it);
+            if (std::next(it) != list.end())
+                joinedString.append(separator);
+        }
 
         return joinedString;
     }
 
-    static
-    BasicSmallString number(int number)
+    static BasicSmallString join(std::initializer_list<SmallStringView> list) noexcept
     {
-        // 2 bytes for the sign and because digits10 returns the floor
-        char buffer[std::numeric_limits<int>::digits10 + 2];
-        auto result = std::to_chars(buffer, buffer + sizeof(buffer), number);
-        auto endOfConversionString = result.ptr;
-        return BasicSmallString(buffer, endOfConversionString);
-    }
+        size_type totalSize = 0;
+        for (SmallStringView string : list)
+            totalSize += string.size();
 
-    static BasicSmallString number(long long int number) noexcept
-    {
-        // 2 bytes for the sign and because digits10 returns the floor
-        char buffer[std::numeric_limits<long long int>::digits10 + 2];
-        auto result = std::to_chars(buffer, buffer + sizeof(buffer), number);
-        auto endOfConversionString = result.ptr;
-        return BasicSmallString(buffer, endOfConversionString);
+        BasicSmallString joinedString;
+        joinedString.reserve(totalSize);
+
+        for (SmallStringView string : list)
+            joinedString.append(string);
+
+        return joinedString;
     }
 
-    static BasicSmallString number(double number) noexcept
+    template<typename Type, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic_v<Type>, bool> = true>
+    static BasicSmallString number(Type number)
     {
-#if defined(__cpp_lib_to_chars) && (__cpp_lib_to_chars >= 201611L)
-        // 2 bytes for the sign and because digits10 returns the floor
-        char buffer[std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2];
-        auto result = std::to_chars(buffer, buffer + sizeof(buffer), number);
-        auto endOfConversionString = result.ptr;
-        return BasicSmallString(buffer, endOfConversionString);
-#else
-        QLocale locale{QLocale::Language::C};
-        return BasicSmallString{locale.toString(number)};
-#endif
+        BasicSmallString string;
+        string.append(number);
+        return string;
     }
 
     char &operator[](std::size_t index) noexcept { return *(data() + index); }
@@ -638,7 +695,6 @@ public:
     friend BasicSmallString operator+(const BasicSmallString &first,
                                       const char (&second)[ArraySize]) noexcept
     {
-
         return operator+(first, SmallStringView(second));
     }
 
@@ -670,8 +726,10 @@ unittest_public:
 
     bool fitsNotInCapacity(size_type capacity) const noexcept
     {
-        return (isShortString() && capacity > shortStringCapacity())
-               || (!isShortString() && capacity > m_data.reference.capacity);
+        if (isShortString())
+            return capacity > shortStringCapacity();
+
+        return capacity > m_data.reference.capacity;
     }
 
     static size_type optimalHeapCapacity(const size_type size) noexcept
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/smallstringview.h b/src/libs/utils/smallstringview.h
index 5a27217819..28f8b78150 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/smallstringview.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/smallstringview.h
@@ -79,12 +79,10 @@ public:
 
     explicit operator QByteArray() const { return QByteArray(data(), int(size())); }
 
-#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 4, 0)
     explicit operator QLatin1StringView() const noexcept
     {
         return QLatin1StringView(data(), Utils::ssize(*this));
     }
-#endif
 
     operator QUtf8StringView() const noexcept
     {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/span.h b/src/libs/utils/span.h
index b1fba81447..d21bb9ab00 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/span.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/span.h
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 
 #include <qcompilerdetection.h>
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+// The (Apple) Clang implementation of span is incomplete until LLVM 15 / Xcode 14.3 / macOS 13
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L \
+    && !(defined(__apple_build_version__) && __apple_build_version__ < 14030022)
 #include <span>
 
 namespace Utils {
@@ -22,6 +24,11 @@ QT_WARNING_PUSH
 #elif defined(Q_CC_GNU) || defined(Q_CC_CLANG)
 #pragma GCC system_header
 #endif
+
+// disable automatic usage of std::span in span-lite
+// since we make that decision ourselves at the top of this header
+#define span_CONFIG_SELECT_SPAN span_SPAN_NONSTD
+
 #include <3rdparty/span/span.hpp>
 namespace Utils {
 using namespace nonstd;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/store.cpp b/src/libs/utils/store.cpp
index fa8d4232c0..8c0e2a6046 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/store.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/store.cpp
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ static QVariantList mapListFromStoreList(const QVariantList &storeList);
 
 QVariant storeEntryFromMapEntry(const QVariant &mapEntry)
 {
-    if (mapEntry.type() == QVariant::Map)
+    if (mapEntry.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantMap)
         return QVariant::fromValue(storeFromMap(mapEntry.toMap()));
 
-    if (mapEntry.type() == QVariant::List)
+    if (mapEntry.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList)
         return QVariant::fromValue(storeListFromMapList(mapEntry.toList()));
 
     return mapEntry;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ QVariant mapEntryFromStoreEntry(const QVariant &storeEntry)
     if (storeEntry.metaType() == QMetaType::fromType<Store>())
         return QVariant::fromValue(mapFromStore(storeEntry.value<Store>()));
 
-    if (storeEntry.type() == QVariant::List)
+    if (storeEntry.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList)
         return QVariant::fromValue(mapListFromStoreList(storeEntry.toList()));
 
     return storeEntry;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/stringutils.cpp b/src/libs/utils/stringutils.cpp
index d8de512b32..d21c7cb9bc 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/stringutils.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/stringutils.cpp
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ void MarkdownHighlighter::highlightBlock(const QString &text)
                 image.fill(QColor(0, 0, 0, 0).rgba());
                 image.setPixel(0,
                                height - 1,
-                               Utils::creatorTheme()->color(Theme::TextColorDisabled).rgba());
+                               Utils::creatorColor(Theme::TextColorDisabled).rgba());
 
                 h2Brush = QBrush(image);
             }
@@ -672,4 +672,10 @@ void MarkdownHighlighter::highlightBlock(const QString &text)
     }
 }
 
+QString ansiColoredText(const QString &text, const QColor &color)
+{
+    static const QString formatString("\033[38;2;%1;%2;%3m%4\033[0m");
+    return formatString.arg(color.red()).arg(color.green()).arg(color.blue()).arg(text);
+}
+
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/stringutils.h b/src/libs/utils/stringutils.h
index 3e729e672c..cab6d774f3 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/stringutils.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/stringutils.h
@@ -138,4 +138,6 @@ private:
     QBrush m_codeBgBrush;
 };
 
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QString ansiColoredText(const QString &text, const QColor &color);
+
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/stylehelper.cpp b/src/libs/utils/stylehelper.cpp
index 69b5e39556..080bb8a382 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/stylehelper.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/stylehelper.cpp
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ QColor StyleHelper::notTooBrightHighlightColor()
 QPalette StyleHelper::sidebarFontPalette(const QPalette &original)
 {
     QPalette palette = original;
-    const QColor textColor = creatorTheme()->color(Theme::ProgressBarTitleColor);
+    const QColor textColor = creatorColor(Theme::ProgressBarTitleColor);
     palette.setColor(QPalette::WindowText, textColor);
     palette.setColor(QPalette::Text, textColor);
     return palette;
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ QColor StyleHelper::requestedBaseColor()
 QColor StyleHelper::toolbarBaseColor(bool lightColored)
 {
     if (creatorTheme()->flag(Theme::QDSTheme))
-        return creatorTheme()->color(Utils::Theme::DStoolbarBackground);
+        return creatorColor(Utils::Theme::DStoolbarBackground);
     else
         return StyleHelper::baseColor(lightColored);
 }
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void StyleHelper::setBaseColor(const QColor &newcolor)
 {
     s_requestedBaseColor = newcolor;
 
-    const QColor themeBaseColor = creatorTheme()->color(Theme::PanelStatusBarBackgroundColor);
+    const QColor themeBaseColor = creatorColor(Theme::PanelStatusBarBackgroundColor);
     const QColor defaultBaseColor = QColor(DEFAULT_BASE_COLOR);
     QColor color;
 
@@ -366,11 +366,11 @@ void StyleHelper::drawArrow(QStyle::PrimitiveElement element, QPainter *painter,
         };
 
         if (!enabled) {
-            drawCommonStyleArrow(image.rect(), creatorTheme()->color(Theme::IconsDisabledColor));
+            drawCommonStyleArrow(image.rect(), creatorColor(Theme::IconsDisabledColor));
         } else {
             if (creatorTheme()->flag(Theme::ToolBarIconShadow))
                 drawCommonStyleArrow(image.rect().translated(0, devicePixelRatio), toolBarDropShadowColor());
-            drawCommonStyleArrow(image.rect(), creatorTheme()->color(Theme::IconsBaseColor));
+            drawCommonStyleArrow(image.rect(), creatorColor(Theme::IconsBaseColor));
         }
         painter.end();
         pixmap = QPixmap::fromImage(image);
@@ -463,9 +463,9 @@ void StyleHelper::drawMinimalArrow(QStyle::PrimitiveElement element, QPainter *p
         if (enabled) {
             if (creatorTheme()->flag(Theme::ToolBarIconShadow))
                 drawArrow(image.rect().translated(0, devicePixelRatio), toolBarDropShadowColor());
-            drawArrow(image.rect(), creatorTheme()->color(Theme::IconsBaseColor));
+            drawArrow(image.rect(), creatorColor(Theme::IconsBaseColor));
         } else {
-            drawArrow(image.rect(), creatorTheme()->color(Theme::IconsDisabledColor));
+            drawArrow(image.rect(), creatorColor(Theme::IconsDisabledColor));
         }
         painter.end();
         pixmap = QPixmap::fromImage(image);
@@ -551,8 +551,7 @@ void StyleHelper::drawIconWithShadow(const QIcon &icon, const QRect &rect,
         // return a high-dpi pixmap, which will in that case have a devicePixelRatio
         // different than 1. The shadow drawing caluculations are done in device
         // pixels.
-        QWindow *window = dynamic_cast<QWidget*>(p->device())->window()->windowHandle();
-        QPixmap px = icon.pixmap(window, rect.size(), iconMode);
+        QPixmap px = icon.pixmap(rect.size(), devicePixelRatio, iconMode);
         int radius = int(dipRadius * devicePixelRatio);
         QPoint offset = dipOffset * devicePixelRatio;
         cache = QPixmap(px.size() + QSize(radius * 2, radius * 2));
@@ -563,7 +562,7 @@ void StyleHelper::drawIconWithShadow(const QIcon &icon, const QRect &rect,
             const bool hasDisabledState =
                     icon.availableSizes().count() == icon.availableSizes(QIcon::Disabled).count();
             if (!hasDisabledState)
-                px = disabledSideBarIcon(icon.pixmap(window, rect.size()));
+                px = disabledSideBarIcon(icon.pixmap(rect.size(), devicePixelRatio));
         } else if (creatorTheme()->flag(Theme::ToolBarIconShadow)) {
             // Draw shadow
             QImage tmp(px.size() + QSize(radius * 2, radius * 2 + 1), QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);
@@ -716,12 +715,7 @@ Qt::HighDpiScaleFactorRoundingPolicy StyleHelper::defaultHighDpiScaleFactorRound
 
 QIcon StyleHelper::getIconFromIconFont(const QString &fontName, const QList<IconFontHelper> &parameters)
 {
-    QFontDatabase a;
-
-    QTC_ASSERT(a.hasFamily(fontName), {});
-
-    if (!a.hasFamily(fontName))
-        return {};
+    QTC_ASSERT(QFontDatabase::hasFamily(fontName), {});
 
     QIcon icon;
 
@@ -751,38 +745,31 @@ QIcon StyleHelper::getIconFromIconFont(const QString &fontName, const QList<Icon
 
 QIcon StyleHelper::getIconFromIconFont(const QString &fontName, const QString &iconSymbol, int fontSize, int iconSize, QColor color)
 {
-    QFontDatabase a;
-
-    QTC_ASSERT(a.hasFamily(fontName), {});
-
-    if (a.hasFamily(fontName)) {
-
-        QIcon icon;
-        QSize size(iconSize, iconSize);
+    QTC_ASSERT(QFontDatabase::hasFamily(fontName), {});
 
-        const int maxDpr = qRound(qApp->devicePixelRatio());
-        for (int dpr = 1; dpr <= maxDpr; dpr++) {
-            QPixmap pixmap(size * dpr);
-            pixmap.setDevicePixelRatio(dpr);
-            pixmap.fill(Qt::transparent);
+    QIcon icon;
+    QSize size(iconSize, iconSize);
 
-            QFont font(fontName);
-            font.setPixelSize(fontSize);
+    const int maxDpr = qRound(qApp->devicePixelRatio());
+    for (int dpr = 1; dpr <= maxDpr; dpr++) {
+        QPixmap pixmap(size * dpr);
+        pixmap.setDevicePixelRatio(dpr);
+        pixmap.fill(Qt::transparent);
 
-            QPainter painter(&pixmap);
-            painter.save();
-            painter.setPen(color);
-            painter.setFont(font);
-            painter.drawText(QRectF(QPoint(0, 0), size), Qt::AlignCenter, iconSymbol);
-            painter.restore();
+        QFont font(fontName);
+        font.setPixelSize(fontSize);
 
-            icon.addPixmap(pixmap);
-        }
+        QPainter painter(&pixmap);
+        painter.save();
+        painter.setPen(color);
+        painter.setFont(font);
+        painter.drawText(QRectF(QPoint(0, 0), size), Qt::AlignCenter, iconSymbol);
+        painter.restore();
 
-        return icon;
+        icon.addPixmap(pixmap);
     }
 
-    return {};
+    return icon;
 }
 
 QIcon StyleHelper::getIconFromIconFont(const QString &fontName, const QString &iconSymbol, int fontSize, int iconSize)
@@ -794,55 +781,47 @@ QIcon StyleHelper::getIconFromIconFont(const QString &fontName, const QString &i
 QIcon StyleHelper::getCursorFromIconFont(const QString &fontName, const QString &cursorFill, const QString &cursorOutline,
                                          int fontSize, int iconSize)
 {
-    QFontDatabase a;
-
-    QTC_ASSERT(a.hasFamily(fontName), {});
+    QTC_ASSERT(QFontDatabase::hasFamily(fontName), {});
 
     const QColor outlineColor = Qt::black;
     const QColor fillColor = Qt::white;
 
-    if (a.hasFamily(fontName)) {
-
-        QIcon icon;
-        QSize size(iconSize, iconSize);
-
-        const int maxDpr = qRound(qApp->devicePixelRatio());
-        for (int dpr = 1; dpr <= maxDpr; dpr++) {
-            QPixmap pixmap(size * dpr);
-            pixmap.setDevicePixelRatio(dpr);
-            pixmap.fill(Qt::transparent);
+    QIcon icon;
+    QSize size(iconSize, iconSize);
 
-            QFont font(fontName);
-            font.setPixelSize(fontSize);
+    const int maxDpr = qRound(qApp->devicePixelRatio());
+    for (int dpr = 1; dpr <= maxDpr; dpr++) {
+        QPixmap pixmap(size * dpr);
+        pixmap.setDevicePixelRatio(dpr);
+        pixmap.fill(Qt::transparent);
 
-            QPainter painter(&pixmap);
-            painter.save();
-            painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);
-            painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::TextAntialiasing, true);
-            painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::LosslessImageRendering, true);
-            painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform, true);
+        QFont font(fontName);
+        font.setPixelSize(fontSize);
 
-            painter.setFont(font);
-            painter.setPen(outlineColor);
-            painter.drawText(QRectF(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), size),
-                             Qt::AlignCenter, cursorOutline);
+        QPainter painter(&pixmap);
+        painter.save();
+        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);
+        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::TextAntialiasing, true);
+        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::LosslessImageRendering, true);
+        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform, true);
 
-            painter.setPen(fillColor);
-            painter.drawText(QRectF(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), size),
-                             Qt::AlignCenter, cursorFill);
+        painter.setFont(font);
+        painter.setPen(outlineColor);
+        painter.drawText(QRectF(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), size),
+                         Qt::AlignCenter, cursorOutline);
 
-            painter.restore();
+        painter.setPen(fillColor);
+        painter.drawText(QRectF(QPointF(0.0, 0.0), size),
+                         Qt::AlignCenter, cursorFill);
 
-            icon.addPixmap(pixmap);
-        }
+        painter.restore();
 
-        return icon;
+        icon.addPixmap(pixmap);
     }
 
-    return {};
+    return icon;
 }
 
-
 QString StyleHelper::dpiSpecificImageFile(const QString &fileName)
 {
     // See QIcon::addFile()
@@ -970,6 +949,8 @@ static const UiFontMetrics& uiFontMetrics(StyleHelper::UiElement element)
         {StyleHelper::UiElementBody2,               {12, 20, QFont::Light}},
         {StyleHelper::UiElementButtonMedium,        {12, 16, QFont::Bold}},
         {StyleHelper::UiElementButtonSmall,         {10, 12, QFont::Bold}},
+        {StyleHelper::UiElementLabelMedium,         {12, 16, QFont::DemiBold}},
+        {StyleHelper::UiElementLabelSmall,          {10, 12, QFont::DemiBold}},
         {StyleHelper::UiElementCaptionStrong,       {10, 12, QFont::DemiBold}},
         {StyleHelper::UiElementCaption,             {10, 12, QFont::Normal}},
         {StyleHelper::UiElementIconStandard,        {12, 16, QFont::Medium}},
@@ -1010,7 +991,13 @@ QFont StyleHelper::uiFont(UiElement element)
     const qreal qrealPointSize = metrics.pixelSize * pixelsToPointSizeFactor;
     font.setPointSizeF(qrealPointSize);
 
-    font.setWeight(metrics.weight);
+    // Intermediate font weights can produce blurry rendering and are harder to read.
+    // For "non-retina" screens, apply the weight only for some fonts.
+    static const bool isHighDpi = qApp->devicePixelRatio() >= 2;
+    const bool setWeight = isHighDpi || element == UiElementCaptionStrong
+                           || element <= UiElementH4;
+    if (setWeight)
+        font.setWeight(metrics.weight);
 
     return font;
 }
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/stylehelper.h b/src/libs/utils/stylehelper.h
index 7d434925e6..ecc2eea2b9 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/stylehelper.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/stylehelper.h
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ enum ToolbarStyle {
 };
 constexpr ToolbarStyle defaultToolbarStyle = ToolbarStyleCompact;
 
+// Keep in sync with:
+// SyleHelper::uiFontMetrics, ICore::uiConfigInformation, tst_manual_widgets_uifonts::main
 enum UiElement {
     UiElementH1,
     UiElementH2,
@@ -91,6 +93,8 @@ enum UiElement {
     UiElementBody2,
     UiElementButtonMedium,
     UiElementButtonSmall,
+    UiElementLabelMedium,
+    UiElementLabelSmall,
     UiElementCaptionStrong,
     UiElementCaption,
     UiElementIconStandard,
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/terminalhooks.cpp b/src/libs/utils/terminalhooks.cpp
index 52bcc05629..3e5151e6f3 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/terminalhooks.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/terminalhooks.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "externalterminalprocessimpl.h"
 #include "filepath.h"
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 #include "utilstr.h"
 
 #include <QMutex>
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/terminalinterface.cpp b/src/libs/utils/terminalinterface.cpp
index 0d5a3be020..6f7bb11f81 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/terminalinterface.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/terminalinterface.cpp
@@ -334,22 +334,12 @@ void TerminalInterface::start()
 
     Environment finalEnv = m_setup.m_environment;
 
-    if (HostOsInfo::isWindowsHost()) {
-        if (!finalEnv.hasKey("PATH")) {
-            const QString path = qtcEnvironmentVariable("PATH");
-            if (!path.isEmpty())
-                finalEnv.set("PATH", path);
-        }
-        if (!finalEnv.hasKey("SystemRoot")) {
-            const QString systemRoot = qtcEnvironmentVariable("SystemRoot");
-            if (!systemRoot.isEmpty())
-                finalEnv.set("SystemRoot", systemRoot);
-        }
-    } else if (HostOsInfo::isMacHost()) {
+    if (HostOsInfo::isMacHost())
         finalEnv.set("TERM", "xterm-256color");
-    }
 
     if (finalEnv.hasChanges()) {
+        finalEnv = finalEnv.appliedToEnvironment(Environment::systemEnvironment());
+
         d->envListFile = std::make_unique<QTemporaryFile>(this);
         if (!d->envListFile->open()) {
             cleanupAfterStartFailure(msgCannotCreateTempFile(d->envListFile->errorString()));
@@ -402,7 +392,7 @@ void TerminalInterface::start()
                                     m_setup.m_commandLine.executable().fileName());
 
     if (m_setup.m_runAsRoot && !HostOsInfo::isWindowsHost()) {
-        CommandLine rootCommand("sudo", {});
+        CommandLine rootCommand("sudo");
         rootCommand.addCommandLineAsArgs(cmd);
         stubSetupData.m_commandLine = rootCommand;
     } else {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/theme/theme.cpp b/src/libs/utils/theme/theme.cpp
index 9b24078f86..ef20ddddb7 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/theme/theme.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/theme/theme.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 namespace Utils {
 
 static Theme *m_creatorTheme = nullptr;
+static std::optional<QPalette> m_initialPalette;
 
 ThemePrivate::ThemePrivate()
 {
@@ -37,9 +38,31 @@ Theme *proxyTheme()
     return new Theme(m_creatorTheme);
 }
 
+// Convenience
+QColor creatorColor(Theme::Color role)
+{
+    return m_creatorTheme->color(role);
+}
+
+static bool paletteIsDark(const QPalette &pal)
+{
+    return pal.color(QPalette::Window).lightnessF() < pal.color(QPalette::WindowText).lightnessF();
+}
+
+static bool isOverridingPalette(const Theme *theme)
+{
+    if (theme->flag(Theme::DerivePaletteFromTheme))
+        return true;
+    if (theme->flag(Theme::DerivePaletteFromThemeIfNeeded)
+        && paletteIsDark(Theme::initialPalette()) != theme->flag(Theme::DarkUserInterface)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 void setThemeApplicationPalette()
 {
-    if (m_creatorTheme && m_creatorTheme->flag(Theme::ApplyThemePaletteGlobally))
+    if (m_creatorTheme && isOverridingPalette(m_creatorTheme))
         QApplication::setPalette(m_creatorTheme->palette());
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +208,7 @@ void Theme::setDisplayName(const QString &name)
 
 void Theme::readSettingsInternal(QSettings &settings)
 {
-    const QStringList includes = settings.value("Includes").toString().split(",", Qt::SkipEmptyParts);
+    const QStringList includes = settings.value("Includes").toStringList();
 
     for (const QString &include : includes) {
         FilePath path = FilePath::fromString(d->fileName);
@@ -311,7 +334,13 @@ bool Theme::systemUsesDarkMode()
     if (HostOsInfo::isMacHost())
         return macOSSystemIsDark();
 
-    return false;
+    // Avoid enforcing the initial palette.
+    // The initial palette must be set after setting the macOS appearance in setInitialPalette,
+    // but systemUsesDarkMode is used to determine the default theme, which is in turn required
+    // for the setInitialPalette call
+    if (m_initialPalette)
+        return paletteIsDark(*m_initialPalette);
+    return paletteIsDark(QApplication::palette());
 }
 
 // If you copy QPalette, default values stay at default, even if that default is different
@@ -347,14 +376,17 @@ void Theme::setHelpMenu(QMenu *menu)
 
 QPalette Theme::initialPalette()
 {
-    static QPalette palette = copyPalette(QApplication::palette());
-    return palette;
+    if (!m_initialPalette) {
+        m_initialPalette = copyPalette(QApplication::palette());
+        QApplication::setPalette(*m_initialPalette);
+    }
+    return *m_initialPalette;
 }
 
 QPalette Theme::palette() const
 {
     QPalette pal = initialPalette();
-    if (!flag(DerivePaletteFromTheme))
+    if (!isOverridingPalette(this))
         return pal;
 
     const static struct {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/theme/theme.h b/src/libs/utils/theme/theme.h
index 6b3bf97d45..8d7e922e79 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/theme/theme.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/theme/theme.h
@@ -247,6 +247,10 @@ public:
         Token_Notification_Success,
         Token_Notification_Neutral,
         Token_Notification_Danger,
+        Token_Gradient01_Start,
+        Token_Gradient01_End,
+        Token_Gradient02_Start,
+        Token_Gradient02_End,
 
         /* Timeline Library */
         Timeline_TextColor,
@@ -527,7 +531,7 @@ public:
         DrawToolBarBorders,
         ComboBoxDrawTextShadow,
         DerivePaletteFromTheme,
-        ApplyThemePaletteGlobally,
+        DerivePaletteFromThemeIfNeeded,
         FlatToolBars,
         FlatSideBarIcons,
         FlatProjectsMode,
@@ -577,5 +581,6 @@ private:
 
 QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Theme *creatorTheme();
 QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT Theme *proxyTheme();
+QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT QColor creatorColor(Theme::Color role);
 
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/threadutils.cpp b/src/libs/utils/threadutils.cpp
index 344779dc93..cfb18059a6 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/threadutils.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/threadutils.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@ namespace Utils {
 
 bool isMainThread()
 {
+#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 8, 0)
+    // TODO: Remove threadutils.h and replace all usages with:
+    return QThread::isMainThread();
+#else
     return QThread::currentThread() == qApp->thread();
+#endif
 }
 
 } // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/treemodel.cpp b/src/libs/utils/treemodel.cpp
index 4649bb43c8..edddb2d484 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/treemodel.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/treemodel.cpp
@@ -459,13 +459,13 @@ void ModelTest::data()
     // General Purpose roles that should return a QString
     QVariant variant = model->data(model->index(0, 0), Qt::ToolTipRole);
     if (variant.isValid())
-        Q_ASSERT(variant.canConvert(QVariant::String));
+        Q_ASSERT(variant.canConvert(QMetaType::QString));
     variant = model->data(model->index(0, 0), Qt::StatusTipRole);
     if (variant.isValid())
-        Q_ASSERT(variant.canConvert(QVariant::String));
+        Q_ASSERT(variant.canConvert(QMetaType::QString));
     variant = model->data(model->index(0, 0), Qt::WhatsThisRole);
     if (variant.isValid())
-        Q_ASSERT(variant.canConvert(QVariant::String));
+        Q_ASSERT(variant.canConvert(QMetaType::QString));
 
     // General Purpose roles that should return a QSize
     variant = model->data(model->index(0, 0), Qt::SizeHintRole);
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/unarchiver.cpp b/src/libs/utils/unarchiver.cpp
index 8436565425..d9092e4ca9 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/unarchiver.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/unarchiver.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ static const QList<Tool> &sTools()
 {
     static QList<Tool> tools;
     if (tools.isEmpty()) {
+        // clang-format off
         if (HostOsInfo::isWindowsHost()) {
             tools << Tool{{"powershell", "-command Expand-Archive -Force '%{src}' '%{dest}'", CommandLine::Raw},
                           {"application/zip"},
@@ -74,6 +75,10 @@ static const QList<Tool> &sTools()
         tools << Tool{{"cmake", {"-E", "tar", "xvjf", "%{src}"}},
                       {"application/x-bzip-compressed-tar"},
                       additionalCMakeDirs};
+        // Keep this at the end so its only used as last resort. Otherwise it might be used for
+        // .tar.gz files.
+        tools << Tool{{"gzip", {"-d", "%{src}", "-c"}}, {"application/gzip"}, {}};
+        // clang-format on
     }
     return tools;
 }
@@ -147,6 +152,45 @@ void Unarchiver::start()
                                                  m_sourceAndCommand->m_sourceFile, m_destDir);
     m_destDir.ensureWritableDir();
 
+    if (command.executable().fileName() == "gzip") {
+        std::shared_ptr<QFile> outputFile = std::make_shared<QFile>(
+            (m_destDir / m_gzipFileDestName).toFSPathString());
+
+        if (!outputFile->open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {
+            emit outputReceived(Tr::tr("Failed to open output file."));
+            emit done(DoneResult::Error);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        m_process.reset(new Process);
+        QObject::connect(m_process.get(), &Process::readyReadStandardOutput, this, [this, outputFile] {
+            const QByteArray data = m_process->readAllRawStandardOutput();
+            if (outputFile->write(data) != data.size()) {
+                emit outputReceived(Tr::tr("Failed to write output file."));
+                emit done(DoneResult::Error);
+            }
+        });
+        QObject::connect(m_process.get(), &Process::readyReadStandardError, this, [this] {
+            emit outputReceived(m_process->readAllStandardError());
+        });
+        QObject::connect(m_process.get(), &Process::done, this, [outputFile, this] {
+            outputFile->close();
+            const bool success = m_process->result() == ProcessResult::FinishedWithSuccess;
+            if (!success) {
+                outputFile->remove();
+                emit outputReceived(Tr::tr("Command failed."));
+            }
+            emit done(toDoneResult(success));
+        });
+        emit outputReceived(
+            Tr::tr("Running %1\nin \"%2\".\n\n", "Running <cmd> in <workingdirectory>")
+                .arg(command.toUserOutput(), m_destDir.toUserOutput()));
+        m_process->setCommand(command);
+        m_process->setWorkingDirectory(m_destDir);
+        m_process->start();
+        return;
+    }
+
     m_process.reset(new Process);
     m_process->setProcessChannelMode(QProcess::MergedChannels);
     QObject::connect(m_process.get(), &Process::readyReadStandardOutput, this, [this] {
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/unarchiver.h b/src/libs/utils/unarchiver.h
index b255cd4990..23fcad07a8 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/unarchiver.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/unarchiver.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include "utils_global.h"
 
 #include "commandline.h"
-#include "process.h"
+#include "qtcprocess.h"
 
 #include <solutions/tasking/tasktree.h>
 
@@ -32,7 +32,10 @@ public:
 
     void setSourceAndCommand(const SourceAndCommand &data) { m_sourceAndCommand = data; }
     void setDestDir(const FilePath &destDir) { m_destDir = destDir; }
-
+    void setGZipFileDestName(const QString &gzipFileDestName)
+    {
+        m_gzipFileDestName = gzipFileDestName;
+    }
     void start();
 
 signals:
@@ -43,6 +46,7 @@ private:
     std::optional<SourceAndCommand> m_sourceAndCommand;
     FilePath m_destDir;
     std::unique_ptr<Process> m_process;
+    QString m_gzipFileDestName;
 };
 
 class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT UnarchiverTaskAdapter : public Tasking::TaskAdapter<Unarchiver>
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/utility.h b/src/libs/utils/utility.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27de88d339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libs/utils/utility.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Qt Company Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GPL-3.0-only WITH Qt-GPL-exception-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace Utils {
+
+template<typename Enumeration>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::underlying_type_t<Enumeration> to_underlying(Enumeration enumeration) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Enumeration>>(enumeration);
+}
+
+} // namespace Utils
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/utils.qbs b/src/libs/utils/utils.qbs
index 20e3a707bc..afc0f202aa 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/utils.qbs
+++ b/src/libs/utils/utils.qbs
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ QtcLibrary {
         "cpplanguage_details.h",
         "crumblepath.cpp",
         "crumblepath.h",
+        "datafromprocess.h",
         "delegates.cpp",
         "delegates.h",
         "detailsbutton.cpp",
@@ -184,6 +185,8 @@ QtcLibrary {
         "link.h",
         "listmodel.h",
         "listutils.h",
+        "lua.cpp",
+        "lua.h",
         "macroexpander.cpp",
         "macroexpander.h",
         "mathutils.cpp",
@@ -230,8 +233,8 @@ QtcLibrary {
         "portlist.cpp",
         "portlist.h",
         "predicates.h",
-        "process.cpp",
-        "process.h",
+        "qtcprocess.cpp",
+        "qtcprocess.h",
         "processenums.h",
         "processhandle.cpp",
         "processhandle.h",
@@ -257,6 +260,7 @@ QtcLibrary {
         "qtcolorbutton.h",
         "qtcsettings.cpp",
         "qtcsettings.h",
+        "ranges.h",
         "reloadpromptutils.cpp",
         "reloadpromptutils.h",
         "removefiledialog.cpp",
@@ -372,8 +376,7 @@ QtcLibrary {
             "fsenginehandler.cpp",
             "fsenginehandler.h",
             "fsengine_impl.cpp",
-            "fsengine_impl.h",
-            "rootinjectfsengine.h",
+            "fsengine_impl.h"
         ]
     }
 
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/wizard.cpp b/src/libs/utils/wizard.cpp
index 10d801c521..29bfb787a6 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/wizard.cpp
+++ b/src/libs/utils/wizard.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ public:
         m_indicatorPixmap(indicatorPixmap)
     {
         m_indicatorLabel = new QLabel(this);
-        m_indicatorLabel->setFixedSize(m_indicatorPixmap.size());
+        const QSizeF indicatorSize = m_indicatorPixmap.deviceIndependentSize();
+        m_indicatorLabel->setFixedSize(
+            {qCeil(indicatorSize.width()), qCeil(indicatorSize.height())});
         m_titleLabel = new QLabel(title, this);
         auto l = new QHBoxLayout(this);
         l->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -276,6 +278,7 @@ public:
     bool m_automaticProgressCreation = true;
     WizardProgress *m_wizardProgress = nullptr;
     QSet<QString> m_fieldNames;
+    bool m_skipForSubproject = false;
 };
 
 Wizard::Wizard(QWidget *parent, Qt::WindowFlags flags) :
@@ -365,8 +368,8 @@ QHash<QString, QVariant> Wizard::variables() const
 QString typeOf(const QVariant &v)
 {
     QString result;
-    switch (v.type()) {
-    case QVariant::Map:
+    switch (v.typeId()) {
+    case QMetaType::QVariantMap:
         result = QLatin1String("Object");
         break;
     default:
@@ -525,6 +528,32 @@ void Wizard::_q_pageRemoved(int pageId)
     d->m_wizardProgress->removeItem(item);
 }
 
+void Wizard::setSkipForSubprojects(bool skip)
+{
+    Q_D(Wizard);
+    d->m_skipForSubproject = skip;
+}
+
+int Wizard::nextId() const
+{
+    Q_D(const Wizard);
+    if (!d->m_skipForSubproject)
+        return QWizard::nextId();
+
+    const QList<int> allIds = pageIds();
+    int index = allIds.indexOf(currentId());
+    QTC_ASSERT(index > -1, return QWizard::nextId());
+
+    while (++index < allIds.size()) {
+        if (auto wp = qobject_cast<WizardPage *>(page(index))) {
+            if (!wp->skipForSubprojects())
+                return index;
+        }
+    }
+    QTC_CHECK(false); // should not happen
+    return QWizard::nextId();
+}
+
 class WizardProgressPrivate
 {
     WizardProgress *q_ptr;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/wizard.h b/src/libs/utils/wizard.h
index 35abff2f6d..ac3ad795bf 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/wizard.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/wizard.h
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ public:
 
     void showVariables();
 
+    // allows to skip pages
+    void setSkipForSubprojects(bool skip);
+    int nextId() const override;
+
 protected:
     virtual QString stringify(const QVariant &v) const;
     virtual QString evaluate(const QVariant &v) const;
diff --git a/src/libs/utils/wizardpage.h b/src/libs/utils/wizardpage.h
index 76d3039a67..1ab23f92b5 100644
--- a/src/libs/utils/wizardpage.h
+++ b/src/libs/utils/wizardpage.h
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ public:
     void registerFieldWithName(const QString &name, QWidget *widget,
                                const char *property = nullptr, const char *changedSignal = nullptr);
 
+    void setSkipForSubprojects(bool skip) { m_skipForSubproject = skip; }
+    bool skipForSubprojects() const { return m_skipForSubproject; }
+
     virtual bool handleReject();
     virtual bool handleAccept();
 
@@ -85,6 +88,7 @@ private:
     void registerFieldName(const QString &name);
 
     QSet<QString> m_toRegister;
+    bool m_skipForSubproject = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace Utils