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.. _typesoffiles:
File Types
==========
There are many different file types that you will encounter while
developing |project| applications, ui, qrc, qml, pyproject, etc.
Here you can find a simple explanation for
each of them.
Python Files ``.py``
--------------------
Python files are the main format you will be dealing with, while developing
|project| projects.
It is important to note that you can write applications **only** with Python
files, without the need of ``.ui``, ``.qrc``, or ``.qml`` files, however
using other formats will facilitate some processes, and enable new
functionality to your applications.
.. code-block:: python
class MyWidget(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
QWidget.__init__(self)
self.hello = ["Hallo Welt", "你好，世界", "Hei maailma",
"Hola Mundo", "Привет мир"]
self.button = QPushButton("Click me!")
self.text = QLabel("Hello World")
self.text.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
# ...
User Interface Definition File ``.ui``
--------------------------------------
When using *Qt Widgets Designer*, you can create user interfaces using
Qt Widgets with the WYSIWYG form editor, this interface is represented
as a widget tree using XML. Here is an extract of the beginning of a
``.ui`` file:
.. code-block:: xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
<class>MainWindow</class>
<widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>0</x>
<y>0</y>
<width>400</width>
<height>300</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="windowTitle">
<string>MainWindow</string>
</property>
<widget class="QWidget" name="centralWidget">
The `pyside6-uic` tool generates Python code from these `.ui` files,
which you can import from your main files, so it is not necessary
for you to include the `.ui` files in your deployed application.
For more details, see :ref:`using_ui_files`.
Resource Collection Files ``.qrc``
----------------------------------
List of binary files that will be used alongside your application.
As an XML-based file, its structure look like this:
.. code-block:: xml
<!DOCTYPE RCC><RCC version="1.0">
<qresource>
<file>images/quit.png</file>
<file>font/myfont.ttf</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>
The `pyside6-rcc` tool generates Python code from these `.qrc` files,
so you are not required to include the listed files in your deployed
application.
For more details, see :ref:`using_qrc_files`.
Qt Modeling Language File ``.qml``
----------------------------------
Graphical QML applications are not related to Qt Widgets applications, and
that is why the usual setup of QML project is a Python file that loads
the QML file, and optionally, elements defined in Python that are exposed
to QML to be used.
You can write ``.qml`` files by hand, but also you can use tools like the
*QML Designer* that is embedded in *Qt Creator*. Additionally, there are commercial
tools like *Qt Design Studio* that allow you to load designs from other design
applications.
Here you can find an example of how a ``.qml`` file looks like.
The code will display a lightgray rectangle, with the "Hello World!"
message on it.
.. code-block:: javascript
import QtQuick 2.0
Rectangle {
id: page
width: 320;
height: 480
color: "lightgray"
Text {
id: helloText
text: "Hello world!"
y: 30
anchors.horizontalCenter: page.horizontalCenter
font.pointSize: 24;
font.bold: true
}
}
Qt Creator Python Project File ``.pyproject``
---------------------------------------------
For *Qt Creator* to load and handle Python based projects, a special file is
needed, because C++ based projects could be handle from ``.qmake`` or
``CMakeLists.txt`` file, which are not used with Python-based projects.
Old versions of *Qt Creator*, provided a simple format with the ``.pyqtc``
extension, which were plain-text files with one-file-per-line::
library/server.py
library/client.py
logger.py
...
There were limitations to this format, and further options that might be
added that would not be supported, which was the motivation to create a
``.pyproject`` file, which is a JSON-based file where more options could
be added. Here is an example of such file:
.. code-block:: javascript
{
"files": ["library/server.py", "library/client.py", "logger.py", ...]
}
|
