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diff --git a/sources/pyside6/doc/faq/whatisqt.rst b/sources/pyside6/doc/faq/whatisqt.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b42a9403 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/pyside6/doc/faq/whatisqt.rst @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +.. _whatisqt: + +Qt, QML, Widgets...What Is The Difference? +========================================== + +If you are new to Qt, there might be a chance that you are a bit confused about +all the concepts you have read so far. This section aims to provide a summary +of all the key components that are relevant to develop Qt applications. + +Keep in mind that Qt was designed and written in C++ as a C++ framework, you +will find many references, examples, and concepts that make sense in C++ +based applications, that might not be relevant in your Python applications, +but keep in mind that |project| aims to expose the Qt framework to Python +with many adaptations. You don't need to know C++ to use |project|, and you +can find all the possible combinations between these languages later on. + +Qt +-- + +The Qt Project is an open collaboration that coordinates the development of the +Qt Framework. You might find situations where "Qt" refers to the project, or +to the framework. + +As a framework, Qt has many components, which are distributed by components +and modules, for example, `qtbase <https://code.qt.io/cgit/qt/qtbase.git/>`_ +is the base component that holds many modules, like: ``QtCore``, ``QtGui``, +``QtWidgets``, ``QtNetwork``, etc. +All those modules contains many classes that you can directly use, like the +case of the `Classes of QtCore <https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qtcore-module.html>`_ +from which you can find classes like ``QFile``, ``QTime``, ``QByteArray``, etc. + +You can create applications without a User Interface, while using this classes +to create command line applications, handle files, network connections, +regular expressions, encoding of text, etc. + +On the other hand, you can create Graphical applications with classes +from the ``QtWidgets`` module, this is also referred as **Widgets**. + +There are many other Qt modules like ``QtMultimedia``, ``QtCharts``, ``Qt3D``, +among others. These modules has a specific functionality, and among this +modules, there is one called ``QtDeclarative``, in which you can find the +implementation of the ``QML`` declarative language. This language is similar +to CSS and JSON, and it was created to design UI applications declaratively, +allowing JavaScript to take care of some imperative sections, and enabling +other components to extend and connect the code with C++. + +Let us check the functionality of these different approaches separately. + +Widgets +------- + +As we mentioned before, ``QtWidgets`` is the module that provide predefined +Widgets that you can add into your graphical application, like Buttons, Labels, +Boxes, Menus, etc. + +Widget based applications will look like a native application, because the goal +is not to affect the user experience compared to other included applications. + +.. image:: hello_macOS.png + :width: 20% +.. image:: hello_win10.jpg + :width: 20% +.. image:: hello_linux.png + :width: 20% + +.. note:: You can adapt these applications to use your self-made style, but + you need to be aware that the goal of Widgets is to respect the system + style, be careful when changing colors. Check this + :ref:`simple tutorial <widgetstyling>` on how to do so. + +QML +--- + +QML offers an alternative approach to create User Interfaces, compared to +Widgets, and it was originally motivated from mobile applications development. +Together with the ``Qt Quick`` module, it provides access to interact with +mobile device using actions like taps, drag and drop, animations, states, +transitions, drawer menus, etc. + +The elements that you can find in QML/Quick applications are focused on +providing a more dynamic application infrastructure which different properties +based in certain behaviors. + +Even though QML has the motivation to provide interfaces with mobile devices, +you can use it for Desktop applications, too. + +Additionally, you can augment your application with standard JavaScript, which +in combination with C++ can become an attractive infrastructure. + +Python And C++ +-------------- + +For |project| applications you **do not need to know C++**, but it is possible +to mix both languages in a couple of different use cases: + +1. If you have a Qt/C++ application, you can re-write it so it is a Qt/Python + application. This means that Python aims to be a full replacement for the + user level C++ code of Qt applications. +2. For custom Qt widgets written in C++, you can generate your own Python + bindings so people can use it directly from Python. +3. If you have a C++ based library that you use with your Qt/C++ applications + that is in charge of a specific task, like a performant process, you can + generate bindings for it, so people could be able to use it from Python. +4. For a Qt/C++ application, you can extend it with Python, by exposing the + main QApplication singleton as a python binding to a Python interpreter. + This can be understand as a "Python Plugin System" for your Qt/C++ + application, for example. + +For the the steps **2., 3., and 4.** you need the help of Shiboken, the +binding generation tool that is used to generate |project|. +You can find more information in the +`documentation page <https://doc.qt.io/qtforpython/shiboken6/index.html>`_. |